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Otte Im Kampe E, Salmenlinna S, Åberg R, Wallgren S, Hautaniemi M, Keronen S, Leinonen E, Pihlajasaari A, Ruotsalainen E, Sarvela A, Rimhanen-Finne R. Outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes in hospital linked to a fava bean product, Finland, 2015 to 2019. Euro Surveill 2024; 29:2300488. [PMID: 38726694 PMCID: PMC11083975 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2024.29.19.2300488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a bacterium widely distributed in the environment. Listeriosis is a severe disease associated with high hospitalisation and mortality rates. In April 2019, listeriosis was diagnosed in two hospital patients in Finland. We conducted a descriptive study to identify the source of the infection and defined a case as a person with a laboratory-confirmed Lm serogroup IIa sequence type (ST) 37. Six cases with Lm ST 37 were notified to the Finnish Infectious Diseases Registry between 2015 and 2019. Patient interviews and hospital menus were used to target traceback investigation of the implicated foods. In 2021 and 2022, similar Lm ST 37 was detected from samples of a ready-to-eat plant-based food product including fava beans. Inspections by the manufacturer and the local food control authority indicated that the food products were contaminated with Lm after pasteurisation. Our investigation highlights the importance that companies producing plant-based food are subject to similar controls as those producing food of animal origin. Hospital menus can be a useful source of information that is not dependent on patient recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Otte Im Kampe
- ECDC Fellowship Programme, Field Epidemiology path (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Riikka Åberg
- Food Safety Unit, Environmental Services, City of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Satu Keronen
- Abdominal Center, Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Eeva Ruotsalainen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Inflammation Center, HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Sarvela
- Environmental office, City of Seinäjoki, Seinäjoki, Finland
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2
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Bongiovanni M, Cavallo C, Barda B, Strulak L, Bernasconi E, Cardia A. Clinical Findings of Listeria monocytogenes Infections with a Special Focus on Bone Localizations. Microorganisms 2024; 12:178. [PMID: 38258004 PMCID: PMC10821090 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive pathogenic bacterium which can be found in soil or water. Infection with the microorganism can occur after ingestion of contaminated food products. Small and large outbreaks of listeriosis have been described in the past. L. monocytogenes can cause a number of different clinical syndromes, most frequently sepsis, meningitis, and rhombencephalitis, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. L. monocytogenes systemic infections can develop following tissue penetration across the gastrointestinal tract or to hematogenous spread to sterile sites, possibly evolving towards bacteremia. L. monocytogenes only rarely causes bone or joint infections, usually in the context of prosthetic material that can provide a site for bacterial seeding. We describe here the clinical findings of invasive listeriosis, mainly focusing on the diagnosis, clinical management, and treatment of bone and vertebral infections occurring in the context of invasive listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bongiovanni
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (B.B.); (E.B.)
| | - Claudio Cavallo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (C.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Beatrice Barda
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (B.B.); (E.B.)
| | - Lukasz Strulak
- Division of Neurosurgery, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (C.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Enos Bernasconi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (B.B.); (E.B.)
| | - Andrea Cardia
- Division of Neurosurgery, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (C.C.); (L.S.)
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3
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Finn L, Onyeaka H, O’Neill S. Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms in Food-Associated Environments: A Persistent Enigma. Foods 2023; 12:3339. [PMID: 37761048 PMCID: PMC10529182 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is a bacterial pathogen responsible for listeriosis, a foodborne illness associated with high rates of mortality (20-30%) and hospitalisation. It is particularly dangerous among vulnerable groups, such as newborns, pregnant women and the elderly. The persistence of this organism in food-associated environments for months to years has been linked to several devastating listeriosis outbreaks. It may also result in significant costs to food businesses and economies. Currently, the mechanisms that facilitate LM persistence are poorly understood. Unravelling the enigma of what drives listerial persistence will be critical for developing more targeted control and prevention strategies. One prevailing hypothesis is that persistent strains exhibit stronger biofilm production on abiotic surfaces in food-associated environments. This review aims to (i) provide a comprehensive overview of the research on the relationship between listerial persistence and biofilm formation from phenotypic and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) studies; (ii) to highlight the ongoing challenges in determining the role biofilm development plays in persistence, if any; and (iii) to propose future research directions for overcoming these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Onyeaka
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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4
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Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen that can cause severe invasive infections upon ingestion with contaminated food. Clinically, listerial disease, or listeriosis, most often presents as bacteremia, meningitis or meningoencephalitis, and pregnancy-associated infections manifesting as miscarriage or neonatal sepsis. Invasive listeriosis is life-threatening and a main cause of foodborne illness leading to hospital admissions in Western countries. Sources of contamination can be identified through international surveillance systems for foodborne bacteria and strains' genetic data sharing. Large-scale whole genome studies have increased our knowledge on the diversity and evolution of L. monocytogenes, while recent pathophysiological investigations have improved our mechanistic understanding of listeriosis. In this article, we present an overview of human listeriosis with particular focus on relevant features of the causative bacterium, epidemiology, risk groups, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel M Koopmans
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs C Brouwer
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - José A Vázquez-Boland
- Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School (Biomedical Sciences), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Diederik van de Beek
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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5
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GOMEZ CARLYB, MITCHELL JADE, RYSER ELLIOTT, MARKS BRADLEYP. Listeriosis Risk Model for Cancer Patients Who Consume Ready-to-Eat Salad. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100087. [PMID: 37004807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes generally infects immunocompromised individuals, such as cancer patients, more frequently and with higher morbidity and mortality than the general population. Because of the anticipated risk associated with L. monocytogenes and other pathogens in produce, immunocompromised individuals are often placed on neutropenic diets that exclude fresh produce, though these risks have not been quantified. Therefore, this study developed a data-driven risk model for listeriosis in cancer patients who consume ready-to-eat (RTE) salads, consisting of leafy greens, cucumbers, and tomatoes, as influenced by kitchen-scale treatments and storage practices. Monte Carlo simulations were used to model the risk of invasive listeriosis during one chemotherapy cycle. Refrigerating all salad components decreased median risk by approximately one-half log. For refrigerated salads with no treatment, the predicted median risk was ≤ 4.3 × 10-08. When salad ingredients were surface blanched with greens rinsed, the predicted risk decreased to 5.4 × 10-10. Predicted risk was lowest (1.4 × 10-13) for a blanched "salad" consisting of solely cucumbers and tomatoes. Interestingly, rinsing, as recommended by FDA only decreased median risk by 1 log. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the highly variable dose-response parameter k strongly influenced risk, indicating that reducing uncertainty in this variable may improve model accuracy. Overall, this study demonstrates that kitchen-scale pathogen reduction approaches have high risk-reduction efficacy and could be considered as an alternative to diets that exclude produce when making risk management decisions.
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6
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Munsch-Alatossava P, Alatossava T. The Potential Benefits of N2 Gas Flushing Technology for Various Dairy Products: A Sustainable Approach That Proved to Be Multiadvantageous for Preserving the Quality and Safety of Raw Milk During Its Storage. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.790205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, food production systems are confronted with multifaceted challenges. In the context of global climate change, the necessity to feed an expanding population while addressing food insecurity and reducing the tremendous losses and wastage of food places all production steps under considerable pressure. In this context, dairies also face extensive pressure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, wastewater, and sludge; here, as elsewhere, innovative technological solutions must meet sustainable criteria. To preserve the quality and safety of raw milk during its storage, N2 gas flushing technology was devised and implemented at laboratory and pilot plant scales: the treatment proved to be multiadvantageous considering microbiological, biochemical, and technological aspects. The proposed study aims to reconsider the benefits of the patented N2 flushing technology, applied at the “raw milk stage” and evaluate the potential advantages that the treatment would confer, in terms of quality and safety aspects, to various dairy products such as liquid milk products, butters, creams, ice creams, and cheeses, including local and traditional dairy products.
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7
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De Oliveira Mota J, Boué G, Prévost H, Maillet A, Jaffres E, Maignien T, Arnich N, Sanaa M, Federighi M. Environmental monitoring program to support food microbiological safety and quality in food industries: A scoping review of the research and guidelines. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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8
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Quereda JJ, Morón-García A, Palacios-Gorba C, Dessaux C, García-del Portillo F, Pucciarelli MG, Ortega AD. Pathogenicity and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes: A trip from environmental to medical microbiology. Virulence 2021; 12:2509-2545. [PMID: 34612177 PMCID: PMC8496543 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1975526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a saprophytic gram-positive bacterium, and an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that can produce listeriosis in humans and animals. It has evolved an exceptional ability to adapt to stress conditions encountered in different environments, resulting in a ubiquitous distribution. Because some food preservation methods and disinfection protocols in food-processing environments cannot efficiently prevent contaminations, L. monocytogenes constitutes a threat to human health and a challenge to food safety. In the host, Listeria colonizes the gastrointestinal tract, crosses the intestinal barrier, and disseminates through the blood to target organs. In immunocompromised individuals, the elderly, and pregnant women, the pathogen can cross the blood-brain and placental barriers, leading to neurolisteriosis and materno-fetal listeriosis. Molecular and cell biology studies of infection have proven L. monocytogenes to be a versatile pathogen that deploys unique strategies to invade different cell types, survive and move inside the eukaryotic host cell, and spread from cell to cell. Here, we present the multifaceted Listeria life cycle from a comprehensive perspective. We discuss genetic features of pathogenic Listeria species, analyze factors involved in food contamination, and review bacterial strategies to tolerate stresses encountered both during food processing and along the host's gastrointestinal tract. Then we dissect host-pathogen interactions underlying listerial pathogenesis in mammals from a cell biology and systemic point of view. Finally, we summarize the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical features of listeriosis in humans and animals. This work aims to gather information from different fields crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Quereda
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities. Valencia, Spain
| | - Alvaro Morón-García
- Departamento de Biología Celular. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Palacios-Gorba
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities. Valencia, Spain
| | - Charlotte Dessaux
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco García-del Portillo
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Graciela Pucciarelli
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular ‘Severo Ochoa’. Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro D. Ortega
- Departamento de Biología Celular. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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9
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Jaramillo-Bedoya E, Trujillo-Alzate YA, Ocampo-Ibáñez ID. Surveillance of Fresh Artisanal Cheeses Revealed High Levels of Listeria monocytogenes Contamination in the Department of Quindío, Colombia. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10101341. [PMID: 34684290 PMCID: PMC8537478 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is a foodborne disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes. Because outbreaks of listeriosis are associated with the ingestion of contaminated dairy products, surveillance of artisanal cheeses to detect the presence of this microorganism is necessary. We collected three types of artisanal non-acid fresh cheese (Campesino, Costeño, and Cuajada) from 12 municipalities of the Department of Quindío, Colombia. L. monocytogenes was identified using VIDAS® and confirmed with API® Listeria Rapid Kit. L. monocytogenes was detected in 104 (53.6%) of the 194 artisanal fresh-cheese samples analyzed. The highest percentages of contamination were detected in Salento (90.9%), Calracá (65.5%), Armenia (64.9%), and Filandia (50%). A significant association between municipality and contamination with L. monocytogenes was identified. However, no association could be established between the type of cheese and the occurrence of the bacterium. This is the first study on the presence of L. monocytogenes in artisanal fresh cheeses sold in the municipalities of the Department of Quindío, and the findings revealed very high percentages of contaminated samples. The presence of L. monocytogenes in artisanal cheeses remains a public health threat in developing countries, especially Colombia, where existing legislation does not require the surveillance of L. monocytogenes in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Jaramillo-Bedoya
- Laboratorio de Salud Pública Departamental, Secretaría de Salud Departamental del Quindío, Gobernación del Quindío, Armenia 630008, Colombia; (E.J.-B.); (Y.A.T.-A.)
| | - Yenny Alexandra Trujillo-Alzate
- Laboratorio de Salud Pública Departamental, Secretaría de Salud Departamental del Quindío, Gobernación del Quindío, Armenia 630008, Colombia; (E.J.-B.); (Y.A.T.-A.)
| | - Iván Darío Ocampo-Ibáñez
- Research Group of Microbiology, Industry and Environment (GIMIA), Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-518-3000
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10
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Gomez CB, Ryser ET, Marks BP. Kitchen-Scale Treatments for Reduction of Listeria monocytogenes in Prepared Produce. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1603-1609. [PMID: 34047798 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Listeriosis, a foodborne illness caused by Listeria monocytogenes, has relatively low incidence, but a substantial mortality rate, particularly in immunocompromised populations. Because of the known risk of L. monocytogenes and other pathogens in produce, immunocompromised individuals are often placed on neutropenic diets that exclude fresh produce. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate several kitchen-scale treatments as potential interventions to reduce L. monocytogenes in prepared produce. Cucumbers, apples, and celery were dip inoculated with a three-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes and dried for 24 h. Inoculated products were subjected to the following treatments as applicable: commercial sanitizer soak (90 s, with agitation), tap water rinse (15 s), tap water soak (90 s, with agitation), surface blanching (25 s), tap water rinse (15 s) followed by peeling, and surface blanching (25 s) followed by peeling. In addition, inoculum uptake in celery and the impact of two types of peelers (mechanical crank and manual) were assessed. Treated samples were plated on differential media and incubated for 48 h at 37°C. L. monocytogenes populations were then enumerated and compared with the untreated control (in log CFUs per gram). All treatments lacked efficacy for celery, with reductions significantly less (P < 0.05) than in other products, likely because of inoculum internalization. The sanitizer soak, tap water rinse, and tap water soak did not differ in efficacy (P > 0.05), which was low for cucumbers (<1.5 log CFU/g), apples (<1.3 log CFU/g), and celery (<0.7 log CFU/g). The two types of apple peelers did not differ in efficacy (P > 0.05). Surface blanching and surface blanching followed by peeling were the most effective treatments for both cucumbers and apples (P < 0.05), with average reductions of 4.2 to 5.1 and 3.5 to 5.9 log CFU/g, respectively. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly B Gomez
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, 524 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Elliot T Ryser
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, 469 Wilson Road #204, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Bradley P Marks
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, 524 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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11
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Seo YS, Lee G, Song S, Kim K, Cho M. Combinatorial treatment using citric acid, malic acid, and phytic acid for synergistical inactivation of foodborne pathogenic bacteria. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0751-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Ly V, Parreira VR, Sanchez-Maldonado AF, Farber JM. Survival and Virulence of Listeria monocytogenes during Storage on Chocolate Liquor, Corn Flakes, and Dry-Roasted Shelled Pistachios at 4 and 23°C. J Food Prot 2020; 83:1852-1862. [PMID: 32556209 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The survival and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes was assessed during storage on three low-moisture foods (LMFs): chocolate liquor, corn flakes, and shelled, dry-roasted pistachios (water activity [aw] of 0.18, 0.27, and 0.20, respectively). The LMFs were inoculated with a four-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes at 8 log CFU/g, dried, held until the aw stabilized, and then stored at 4°C and 25 to 81% relative humidity (RH) and at 23°C and 30 to 35% RH for at least 336 days. At 4°C, L. monocytogenes remained stable on the LMFs for at least 336 days. At 23°C, L. monocytogenes levels declined on the chocolate liquor, corn flakes, and pistachios at initial rates of 0.84, 0.88, and 0.32 log CFU/g/month, respectively. After 8 months at 23°C, L. monocytogenes levels on the chocolate liquor and corn flakes decreased to below the limit of detection (i.e., 0.48 log CFU/g). Relative populations of each strain were assessed before storage (i.e., day 0) and after 6 and 12 months of storage at 23 and 4°C, respectively. Generally, a decline in the relative level of the serotype 1/2a strain was observed during storage, coupled with the relative increase in other strains, depending on the LMF and storage temperature. The total viable populations of L. monocytogenes determined by the PMAxx quantitative PCR method after >12 months of storage at 4°C were significantly (1.8- to 3.7-log) higher than those obtained by plating on tryptic soy agar with yeast extract. Decreases in the culturable population of L. monocytogenes during storage on the LMFs were the result of both cellular inactivation and transition to a viable-but-nonculturable state. The surviving cells, specifically after long-term storage at 4°C on the chocolate liquor and pistachios, remained infectious and capable of intracellular replication in Caco-2 enterocytes. These results are relevant for predictive modeling used in microbial health risk assessments and support the addition of LMFs to food safety questionnaires conducted during listeriosis outbreaks. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Ly
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Valeria R Parreira
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-1955 [V.R.P.])
| | - Alma Fernanda Sanchez-Maldonado
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Jeffrey M Farber
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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13
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El-Hajjaji S, Gérard A, Sindic M. Is Butter A Product at Risk Regarding Listeria Monocytogenes? - A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1831528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soundous El-Hajjaji
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agro-food Products, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Amaury Gérard
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agro-food Products, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Marianne Sindic
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agro-food Products, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
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14
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Listeria monocytogenes growth kinetics in refrigerated ready-to-eat dips and dip components. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235472. [PMID: 32603372 PMCID: PMC7326230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Refrigerated ready-to-eat (RTE) dips often have pH and water activity combinations conducive to the proliferation of foodborne pathogens, including Listeria monocytogenes. This study conducted product assessments of five refrigerated RTE dips: baba ghanoush, guacamole, hummus, pesto, and tahini, along with individual dip components including avocado, basil, chickpeas, cilantro, eggplant, garlic, and jalapeno pepper. Dips and dip components were inoculated with 2 log CFU/g of L. monocytogenes and stored at 10°C for 28 days. The pathogen was enumerated throughout storage and growth rates were determined using the DMFit program to compute the time required for L. monocytogenes to achieve a 1 log CFU/g increase in population. Survival and growth rates varied significantly between the refrigerated RTE dips and dip components assessed in this study. For dips, L. monocytogenes progressively decreased in baba ghanoush, pesto, and tahini. In contrast, the pathogen proliferated in both hummus and guacamole and the highest growth rate was observed in guacamole (0.34±0.05 log CFU/g per day) resulting in a 1 log CFU/g increase in population in 7.8 days. L. monocytogenes proliferated in all dip components with the exception of eggplant and garlic. The pathogen achieved the highest growth rate in chickpeas (2.22±1.75 log CFU/g per day) resulting in a computed 1 log CFU/g increase in only 0.5 days. Results from this study can aid in understanding how L. monocytogenes behaves in refrigerated RTE dips and dip components and data can be utilized in understanding product formulations and in risk assessments.
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15
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Michailidis GF, Thamnopoulos IAI, Fletouris DJ, Angelidis AS. Synergistic, bacteriostatic effect of propolis and glycerol against Listeria monocytogenes in chocolate milk under refrigerated storage. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2020; 27:46-55. [PMID: 32515602 DOI: 10.1177/1082013220929150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Propolis ethanolic extracts, with or without glycerol, were added into pasteurized, non-fat chocolate milk, which was artificially contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. The addition of propolis ethanolic extracts dissolved into glycerol led to a definite anti-listerial effect in milk stored at 4 ℃, with both propolis concentrations tested (2 or 4 mg of dry propolis ethanolic extract per milliliter of chocolate milk) leading to inhibition of L. monocytogenes growth throughout 20 days of storage. The combined addition of propolis ethanolic extracts with glycerol was also effective in significantly reducing the rate of growth of L. monocytogenes in chocolate milk stored under improper (10 ℃) refrigeration storage conditions (more than five-fold increase in the generation time of L. monocytogenes compared to control trials). Finally, the combined addition of a deodorized propolis ethanolic extract with glycerol resulted in a significant anti-listerial effect upon storage of contaminated milk at 4 ℃ (more than three-fold increase in the generation time of L. monocytogenes compared to controls) and in a smaller anti-listerial effect upon milk storage at 10 ℃ (two-fold increase in the generation time of the pathogen compared to controls). Of note, chocolate milk containing deodorized propolis ethanolic extract and glycerol received a positive consumer acceptability score on the nine-point hedonic scale (median acceptability score of "7"). Hence, propolis may possess a promising role as a natural anti-listerial preservative in dairy drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios F Michailidis
- Laboratory of Safety and Quality of Dairy Foods, Department of Hygiene and Technology of Food of Animal Origin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis-Angelos I Thamnopoulos
- Laboratory of Safety and Quality of Dairy Foods, Department of Hygiene and Technology of Food of Animal Origin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios J Fletouris
- Laboratory of Safety and Quality of Dairy Foods, Department of Hygiene and Technology of Food of Animal Origin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Apostolos S Angelidis
- Laboratory of Safety and Quality of Dairy Foods, Department of Hygiene and Technology of Food of Animal Origin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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16
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El-Hajjaji S, Gérard A, De Laubier J, Di Tanna S, Lainé A, Patz V, Sindic M. Assessment of growth and survival of Listeria monocytogenes in raw milk butter by durability tests. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 321:108541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Zhang X, Niu Y, Liu Y, Lu Z, Wang D, Cui X, Chen Q, Ma X. Isolation and Characterization of Clinical Listeria monocytogenes in Beijing, China, 2014-2016. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:981. [PMID: 31139159 PMCID: PMC6517826 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen with a significant impact on public health worldwide. A great number of outbreaks caused by L. monocytogenes has been reported, especially in the United States, and European countries. However, listeriosis has not yet been included in notifiable disease in China, and thus information on this infection has been scarce among the Chinese population. In this study, we described a 3-year surveillance of listeriosis in Beijing, China. Fifty-six L. monocytogenes strains isolated from 49 clinical infectious cases (27 pregnancy-associated infections and 22 non-pregnancy-associated infections) were analyzed by serotyping, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing between 2014 and 2016 in Beijing. The predominant serogroups were 1/2a,3a and 1/2b,3b,7 which accounted for 92% of the overall isolates. Four strains were serogroup 4b,4d,4e, isolated from patients with pregnancy-associated infections. Based on PFGE, these isolates were divided into 32 pulsotypes (PTs) and 3 clusters associated with serogroups. Ten PTs were represented by more than one isolate with PT09 containing the most number of isolates. MLST differentiated the isolates into 18 STs, without new ST designated. The three most common STs were ST8 (18.4%), ST5 (16.3%), and ST87 (12.2%), accounting for 46.9% of the isolates. STs prevalent in other parts of the world were also present in China such as ST1, ST2, ST5, ST8, and ST9 which caused maternal fetal infections or outbreaks. However, the STs and serogroup distribution of clinical L. monocytogenes in Beijing, China was different from those in other countries. Strains of ST1 and ST2 were isolated from patients with pregnancy-associated infection, whereas none of ST155 isolates caused pregnancy-associated cases. Surveillance of molecular characterization will provide important information for prevention of listeriosis. This study also enhances our understanding of genetic diversity of clinical L. monocytogenes in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoai Zhang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Institute for Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Beijing, China
- Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlin Niu
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Institute for Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Beijing, China
- Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhu Liu
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Institute for Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Beijing, China
- Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Lu
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Institute for Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Beijing, China
- Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Institute for Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Beijing, China
- Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Cui
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Institute for Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Beijing, China
- Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Institute for Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Beijing, China
- Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochen Ma
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Institute for Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Beijing, China
- Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, Beijing, China
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18
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Schlech WF. Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations of Listeria monocytogenes Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2019; 7:10.1128/microbiolspec.gpp3-0014-2018. [PMID: 31837132 PMCID: PMC11026082 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.gpp3-0014-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive pathogenic bacterium which can be found in soil or water. Infection with the organism can develop after ingestion of contaminated food products. Small and large outbreaks of listeriosis have been described. Listeria monocytogenes can cause a number of clinical syndromes, most frequently sepsis, meningitis, and rhombencephalitis, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. The latter syndrome mimics the veterinary infection in ruminants called "circling disease". Neonatal infection can occur as a result of maternal chorioamnionitis ("early onset" sepsis) or through passage through a birth canal colonized with Listeria from the gastrointestinal tract. ("late onset" meningitis). Treatment of listeriosis is usually with a combination of ampicillin and an aminoglycoside but other regimens have been used. The mortality rate is high, reflecting the combination of an immunocompromised host and an often delayed diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter F Schlech
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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19
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Huang Y, Xue C, He W, Zhao X. Inhibition effect of Zedoary turmeric oil on Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus growth and exotoxin proteins production. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:657-666. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Huang
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tonghua Normal University, 134000 Tonghua, PR China
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, PR China
| | - Changsong Xue
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tonghua Normal University, 134000 Tonghua, PR China
| | - Wenbing He
- Changbai Mountain Edible Plant Resources Research and Development Engineering Center, Tonghua Normal University, 134002 Tonghua, PR China
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tonghua Normal University, 134000 Tonghua, PR China
| | - Xingchen Zhao
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tonghua Normal University, 134000 Tonghua, PR China
- Changbai Mountain Edible Plant Resources Research and Development Engineering Center, Tonghua Normal University, 134002 Tonghua, PR China
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20
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Koskar J, Kramarenko T, Meremäe K, Kuningas M, Sõgel J, Mäesaar M, Anton D, Lillenberg M, Roasto M. Prevalence and Numbers of Listeria monocytogenes in Various Ready-to-Eat Foods over a 5-Year Period in Estonia. J Food Prot 2019; 82:597-604. [PMID: 30907662 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS This study is a significant contribution to L. monocytogenes risk analysis. L. monocytogenes was found in 3.6% of 30,016 analyzed RTE food samples. A food safety criterion of 100 CFU/g was exceeded for 0.3% of the RTE food samples. Salted and cold-smoked fish products were found to be potentially high-risk foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Koskar
- 1 Chair of Food Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56/3, 51014, Tartu, Estonia.,2 Veterinary and Food Laboratory, Kreutzwaldi 30, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Toomas Kramarenko
- 1 Chair of Food Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56/3, 51014, Tartu, Estonia.,2 Veterinary and Food Laboratory, Kreutzwaldi 30, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kadrin Meremäe
- 1 Chair of Food Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56/3, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maiu Kuningas
- 2 Veterinary and Food Laboratory, Kreutzwaldi 30, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jelena Sõgel
- 3 Veterinary and Food Board, Food Department, Väike-Paala 3, 11415, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Mihkel Mäesaar
- 1 Chair of Food Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56/3, 51014, Tartu, Estonia.,2 Veterinary and Food Laboratory, Kreutzwaldi 30, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Dea Anton
- 1 Chair of Food Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56/3, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Merike Lillenberg
- 1 Chair of Food Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56/3, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mati Roasto
- 1 Chair of Food Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56/3, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
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21
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González-Rivas F, Ripolles-Avila C, Fontecha-Umaña F, Ríos-Castillo AG, Rodríguez-Jerez JJ. Biofilms in the Spotlight: Detection, Quantification, and Removal Methods. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1261-1276. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabián González-Rivas
- Faculty of Health Sciences at Manresa; Univ. of Vic Central Univ. of Catalonia; Manresa Spain
| | - Carolina Ripolles-Avila
- Hygiene and Food Inspection Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences; Dept. of Food and Animal Science, Univ. Autònoma de Barcelona; CP 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Fabio Fontecha-Umaña
- Hygiene and Food Inspection Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences; Dept. of Food and Animal Science, Univ. Autònoma de Barcelona; CP 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Abel Guillermo Ríos-Castillo
- Hygiene and Food Inspection Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences; Dept. of Food and Animal Science, Univ. Autònoma de Barcelona; CP 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - José Juan Rodríguez-Jerez
- Hygiene and Food Inspection Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences; Dept. of Food and Animal Science, Univ. Autònoma de Barcelona; CP 08193 Barcelona Spain
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22
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Pouillot R, Klontz KC, Chen Y, Burall LS, Macarisin D, Doyle M, Bally KM, Strain E, Datta AR, Hammack TS, Van Doren JM. Infectious Dose of Listeria monocytogenes in Outbreak Linked to Ice Cream, United States, 2015. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 22:2113-2119. [PMID: 27869595 PMCID: PMC5189132 DOI: 10.3201/eid2212.160165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis can occur in susceptible populations when products with low-level contamination are distributed widely. The relationship between the number of ingested Listeria monocytogenes cells in food and the likelihood of developing listeriosis is not well understood. Data from an outbreak of listeriosis linked to milkshakes made from ice cream produced in 1 factory showed that contaminated products were distributed widely to the public without any reported cases, except for 4 cases of severe illness in persons who were highly susceptible. The ingestion of high doses of L. monocytogenes by these patients infected through milkshakes was unlikely if possible additional contamination associated with the preparation of the milkshake is ruled out. This outbreak illustrated that the vast majority of the population did not become ill after ingesting a low level of L. monocytogenes but raises the question of listeriosis cases in highly susceptible persons after distribution of low-level contaminated products that did not support the growth of this pathogen.
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23
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Pérez‐Rodríguez F, Carrasco E, Bover‐Cid S, Jofré A, Valero A. Closing gaps for performing a risk assessment on Listeria monocytogenes in ready‐to‐eat (RTE) foods: activity 2, a quantitative risk characterization on L. monocytogenes in RTE foods; starting from the retail stage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2017.en-1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Bover‐Cid
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA) Food Safety Programme Spain
| | - Anna Jofré
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA) Food Safety Programme Spain
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24
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Datta AR, Burall LS. Serotype to genotype: The changing landscape of listeriosis outbreak investigations. Food Microbiol 2017; 75:18-27. [PMID: 30056958 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The classical definition of a disease outbreak is the occurrence of cases of disease in excess of what would normally be expected in a community, geographical area or time period. The establishment of an outbreak then starts with the identification of an incidence of cases above the normally expected threshold during a given time period. Subsequently, the cases are examined using a variety of subtyping methods to identify potential linkages. As listeriosis disease has a long incubation period, relating a single source or multiple sources of contaminated food to clinical disease is challenging and time consuming. The vast majority of human listeriosis cases are caused by three serotypes, 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b. Thus serotyping of isolates from suspected foods and clinical samples, although useful for eliminating some food sources, has a very limited discriminatory power. The advent of faster and more affordable sequencing technology, coupled with increased computational power, has permitted comparisons of whole Listeria genome sequences from isolates recovered from clinical, food, and environmental sources. These analyses made it possible to identify outbreaks and the source much more accurately and faster, thus leading to a reduction in number of illnesses as well as a reduction in economic losses. Initial DNA sequence information also facilitated the development of a simple molecular serotype protocol which allowed for the identification of major disease causing serotypes of L. monocytogenes, including a clade of 4b variant (4bV) strains of L. monocytogenes involved in at least 3 more recent listeriosis outbreaks in the US. Furthermore, data generated using whole genome sequence (WGS) analyses was successfully utilized to develop a pan-genomic DNA microarray as well as a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based analysis. Herein, we present and compare, the two recently developed sub-typing technologies and discuss how these methods are not only important in outbreak investigations, but could also shed light on possible adaptations to different foods and environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atin R Datta
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA.
| | - Laurel S Burall
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
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25
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Dahl V, Sundqvist L, Hedenström I, Löfdahl M, Alm E, Ringberg H, Lindblad M, Wallensten A, Thisted Lambertz S, Jernberg C. A nationwide outbreak of listeriosis associated with cold-cuts, Sweden 2013-2014. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2017. [PMID: 28649304 PMCID: PMC5475333 DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2017.1324232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In January 2014, the Public Health Agency of Sweden noticed an increase in listeriosis cases. Isolates from 10 cases had identical pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles, suggesting a common source. We investigated the outbreak to identify the source and stop transmission. We looked for cases in 2013–2014 and also compared cases notified after February 2014 to randomly selected controls. We surveyed food items consumed two weeks prior to symptom onset. Listeria monocytogenes isolates found by food producers were PFGE-typed. Patient and food isolates with the outbreak PFGE profile were whole-genome sequenced and 51 cases with identical PFGE profile were identified; 12/20 cases and 108/186 controls responded to the survey. All cases were exposed to cold-cuts, compared with 72% of controls (p = 0.034). Five isolates of L. monocytogenes with the outbreak PFGE profile were found in cold-cuts from a food producer which stopped production in February 2014, but cases appeared until October 2014. Whole-genome sequencing showed that cold-cut and patient isolates differed by eight single nucleotide polymorphisms. Three patient isolates differed more and were probably not part of the outbreak. Epidemiological and microbiological results indicated cold-cuts as a possible source of the outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Dahl
- Department of Monitoring and Evaluation, The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden.,European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Sundqvist
- Department of Monitoring and Evaluation, The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingela Hedenström
- Department of Microbiology, The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margareta Löfdahl
- Department of Monitoring and Evaluation, The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Alm
- Department of Microbiology, The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ringberg
- Regional Office of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mats Lindblad
- Food Control Department, The National Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Wallensten
- Department of Monitoring and Evaluation, The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Thisted Lambertz
- Science Department, The National Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Jernberg
- Department of Microbiology, The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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HASEBE R, NAKAO R, OHNUMA A, YAMASAKI T, SAWA H, TAKAI S, HORIUCHI M. Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b strains replicate in monocytes/macrophages more than the other serotypes. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:962-969. [PMID: 28420823 PMCID: PMC5487799 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the pathogenicity of various serotypes of Listeria monocytogenes using a Balb/c mouse intravenous injection model. The survival rates of mice inoculated with strains NS1/2b (serotype 1/2b), NS3b (serotype 3b) and NS 4b (serotype 4b) were 60, 63.6 and 63.6%, respectively. Although the survival rates were similar, the bacterial growth in the liver of NS3b-infected mice was 144.5-fold higher than that in the liver of NS4b-infected mice. Histopathological analyses suggest that the NS4b strain replicated more in monocytes/macrophages, whereas the NS3b strain replicated more in hepatocytes. These results raise a possibility that the serotype 4b strains replicated more in monocytes/macrophages compared to the other serotype strains. To assess this, we isolated CD11b-positive cells from mouse livers infected with EGDe (serotype 1/2a), NS1/2b, NS3b, NS4b and the serotype 4b strains 51414 and F17 and counted the number of live bacteria in these cells. CD11b-positive cells from the NS4b-, 51414- and F17-infected mice possessed 24.4- to 42.7-fold higher numbers of live bacteria than those from mice infected with EGDe and NS3b strains. These results suggest that serotype 4b strains replicated more in monocytes/macrophages than the other serotypes, and this may be involved in the pathogenicity of serotype 4b strains, particularly in the dissemination of L. monocytogenes through the host body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie HASEBE
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Graduate School of
Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ryo NAKAO
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Graduate School of
Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Aiko OHNUMA
- Administration Office, Hokkaido University Research Center
for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Takeshi YAMASAKI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Graduate School of
Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hirofumi SAWA
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Hokkaido University
Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Shinji TAKAI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-0021, Japan
| | - Motohiro HORIUCHI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Graduate School of
Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
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27
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Wu S, Ricke SC, Schneider KR, Ahn S. Food safety hazards associated with ready-to-bake cookie dough and its ingredients. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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28
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Sharma S, Sharma V, Dahiya DK, Khan A, Mathur M, Sharma A. Prevalence, Virulence Potential, and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated From Bovine Raw Milk Samples Obtained From Rajasthan, India. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017; 14:132-140. [PMID: 28085487 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is a serious foodborne disease of a global concern, and can effectively be controlled by a continuous surveillance of the virulent and multidrug-resistant strains of Listeria monocytogenes. This study was planned to investigate prevalence of L. monocytogenes in bovine raw milk samples. A total of 457 raw milk samples collected from 15 major cities in Rajasthan, India, were analyzed for the presence of L. monocytogenes by using standard microbiological and molecular methods. Five of the 457 samples screen tested positive for L. monocytogenes. Multiplex serotyping showed that 3/5 strains belonged to serotype 4b followed by one strain each to 1/2a and to 1/2c. Further virulence potential assessment indicated that all strains possessed inlA and inlC internalins, and, in addition, two strains also possessed the gene for inlB. All strains were positive for Listeriolysin O (LLO) and showed phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) activity on an in vitro agar medium with variations in production levels among the strains. A good correlation between the in vitro pathogenicity test and the chick embryo test was observed, as the strains showing higher LLO and PI-PLC activity were found to be lethal to fertilized chick embryos. All strains were resistant to the majority of antibiotics and were designated as multidrug-resistant strains. However, these strains were susceptible to 9 of the 22 tested antibiotics. The maximum zone of inhibition (mm) and acceptable minimum inhibitory concentration were observed with azithromycin, and thus it could be the first choice of a treatment. Overall, the presence of multidrug-resistant L. monocytogenes strains in the raw milk of Rajasthan region is an indicator of public health hazard and highlighting the need of consumer awareness in place and implementation of stricter food safety regulations at all levels of milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjita Sharma
- Advanced Milk Testing Research Laboratory, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary Education and Research , Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vishnu Sharma
- Advanced Milk Testing Research Laboratory, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary Education and Research , Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Dahiya
- Advanced Milk Testing Research Laboratory, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary Education and Research , Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Aarif Khan
- Advanced Milk Testing Research Laboratory, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary Education and Research , Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manisha Mathur
- Advanced Milk Testing Research Laboratory, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary Education and Research , Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Advanced Milk Testing Research Laboratory, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary Education and Research , Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Song WJ, Kang DH. Influence of water activity on inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes in peanut butter by microwave heating. Food Microbiol 2016; 60:104-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kramarenko T, Roasto M, Keto-Timonen R, Mäesaar M, Meremäe K, Kuningas M, Hörman A, Korkeala H. Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat vacuum and modified atmosphere packaged meat and fish products of Estonian origin at retail level. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Guetiya Wadoum RE, Zambou NF, Anyangwe FF, Njimou JR, Coman MM, Verdenelli MC, Cecchini C, Silvi S, Orpianesi C, Cresci A, Colizzi V. Abusive use of antibiotics in poultry farming in Cameroon and the public health implications. Br Poult Sci 2016; 57:483-93. [PMID: 27113432 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1180668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The types and methods of use of antibiotics in poultry farms in Cameroon, residual levels and potential microbial resistance were determined. A questionnaire-based survey identified the different antibiotics used and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine residual levels of antibiotics. Pathogens were isolated, identified by use of commercial API kits and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) was determined. Oxytetracyclin, tylocip and TCN (oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol and neomycin) were the most frequently used antibiotics. Antibiotics screened by HPLC were chloramphenicol, tetracycline and vancomycin. All of them except vancomycin were detected, and the concentration of these antibiotics was higher than the maximum residual limits (MRL) set by regulatory authorities. No residues of various antibiotics were found in egg albumen or yolk. The concentration of tetracycline was significantly higher in liver (150 ± 30 µg/g) than in other tissues. Foodborne pathogens, including Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Listeria spp., Clostridium spp. and Escherichia spp., were identified. Most of the pathogens were resistant to these various antibiotics tested. These findings imply the need for better management of antibiotic use to control sources of food contamination and reduce health risks associated with the presence of residues and the development of resistant pathogens by further legislation and enforcement of regulations on food hygiene and use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Guetiya Wadoum
- b Department of Biology , University of Rome II "Tor Vergata Rome" , Rome , Italy.,c Department of Comparative Morphology and Biochemistry , University of Camerino , Camerino , Italy
| | - N F Zambou
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Dschang , Dschang , Cameroon
| | - F F Anyangwe
- d Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences , University of Dschang , Dschang , Cameroon
| | - J R Njimou
- e Department of Chemical Materials , Environmental Engineering, University of Rome I "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - M M Coman
- c Department of Comparative Morphology and Biochemistry , University of Camerino , Camerino , Italy
| | - M C Verdenelli
- c Department of Comparative Morphology and Biochemistry , University of Camerino , Camerino , Italy
| | - C Cecchini
- c Department of Comparative Morphology and Biochemistry , University of Camerino , Camerino , Italy
| | - S Silvi
- c Department of Comparative Morphology and Biochemistry , University of Camerino , Camerino , Italy
| | - C Orpianesi
- c Department of Comparative Morphology and Biochemistry , University of Camerino , Camerino , Italy
| | - A Cresci
- c Department of Comparative Morphology and Biochemistry , University of Camerino , Camerino , Italy
| | - V Colizzi
- b Department of Biology , University of Rome II "Tor Vergata Rome" , Rome , Italy
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Burall LS, Grim CJ, Mammel MK, Datta AR. Whole Genome Sequence Analysis Using JSpecies Tool Establishes Clonal Relationships between Listeria monocytogenes Strains from Epidemiologically Unrelated Listeriosis Outbreaks. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150797. [PMID: 26950338 PMCID: PMC4780826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In an effort to build a comprehensive genomic approach to food safety challenges, the FDA has implemented a whole genome sequencing effort, GenomeTrakr, which involves the sequencing and analysis of genomes of foodborne pathogens. As a part of this effort, we routinely sequence whole genomes of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) isolates associated with human listeriosis outbreaks, as well as those isolated through other sources. To rapidly establish genetic relatedness of these genomes, we evaluated tetranucleotide frequency analysis via the JSpecies program to provide a cursory analysis of strain relatedness. The JSpecies tetranucleotide (tetra) analysis plots standardized (z-score) tetramer word frequencies of two strains against each other and uses linear regression analysis to determine similarity (r2). This tool was able to validate the close relationships between outbreak related strains from four different outbreaks. Included in this study was the analysis of Lm strains isolated during the recent caramel apple outbreak and stone fruit incident in 2014. We identified that many of the isolates from these two outbreaks shared a common 4b variant (4bV) serotype, also designated as IVb-v1, using a qPCR protocol developed in our laboratory. The 4bV serotype is characterized by the presence of a 6.3 Kb DNA segment normally found in serotype 1/2a, 3a, 1/2c and 3c strains but not in serotype 4b or 1/2b strains. We decided to compare these strains at a genomic level using the JSpecies Tetra tool. Specifically, we compared several 4bV and 4b isolates and identified a high level of similarity between the stone fruit and apple 4bV strains, but not the 4b strains co-identified in the caramel apple outbreak or other 4b or 4bV strains in our collection. This finding was further substantiated by a SNP-based analysis. Additionally, we were able to identify close relatedness between isolates from clinical cases from 1993–1994 and a single case from 2011 as well as links between two isolates from over 30 years ago. The identification of these potential links shows that JSpecies Tetra analysis can be a useful tool in rapidly assessing genetic relatedness of Lm isolates during outbreak investigations and for comparing historical isolates. Our analyses led to the identification of a highly related clonal group involved in two separate outbreaks, stone fruit and caramel apple, and suggests the possibility of a new genotype that may be better adapted for certain foods and/or environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel S. Burall
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LSB); (ARD)
| | - Christopher J. Grim
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mark K. Mammel
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Atin R. Datta
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LSB); (ARD)
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33
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Survey of prevalence and seasonal variability of Listeria monocytogenes in raw cow milk from Northern Italy. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Özilgen S, Özilgen M. General Template for the FMEA Applications in Primary Food Processing. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 161:29-69. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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36
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Michelon D, Leclercq A, Garric G, Guillier L, Beaufort A, Bergis H. Growth Potential Assessment of Listeria
in Milk Fat Products by Challenge Testing. J Food Saf 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Michelon
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort; European Union Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes; Paris-Est University; 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie 94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex France
| | - Alexandre Leclercq
- WHO Collaborating Centre and French National Reference Centre for Listeria, Biology of Infection Unit; Institut Pasteur; 25 rue du Docteur Roux Paris France
| | - Gilles Garric
- INRA-Agrocampus Ouest; UMR 1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf; 65 rue de Saint Brieuc-35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - Laurent Guillier
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort; European Union Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes; Paris-Est University; 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie 94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex France
| | - Annie Beaufort
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort; European Union Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes; Paris-Est University; 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie 94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex France
| | - Helene Bergis
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort; European Union Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes; Paris-Est University; 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie 94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex France
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Outbreak of hospital-acquired gastroenteritis and invasive infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes, Finland, 2012. Epidemiol Infect 2015; 144:2732-42. [PMID: 26493730 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268815002563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
During one week in July 2012, two patients from the same ward at the municipal hospital in Vaasa, Finland, were diagnosed with septicaemia caused by Listeria monocytogenes. An outbreak investigation revealed eight concomitant cases of febrile gastroenteritis caused by L. monocytogenes on the same ward. Median age of the cases was 82 years and median incubation time for listerial gastroenteritis was 21 h (range 9-107). An additional 10 cases of invasive listeriosis caused by the same outbreak strain were identified across the whole country during the summer of 2012. Environmental investigation at the affected municipal hospital ward revealed ready-sliced meat jelly as the suspected source of the infection. During inspection of the meat jelly production plant, one pooled sample taken from a floor drain and a trolley wheel in the food processing environment was positive for the outbreak strain of L. monocytogenes. After the producer stopped the production of meat jelly, no further cases of listeriosis with the outbreak strain were identified via nationwide surveillance.
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The Connection between Persistent, Disinfectant-Resistant Listeria monocytogenes Strains from Two Geographically Separate Iberian Pork Processing Plants: Evidence from Comparative Genome Analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 82:308-17. [PMID: 26497458 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02824-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the basis of the putative persistence of Listeria monocytogenes in a new industrial facility dedicated to the processing of ready-to-eat (RTE) Iberian pork products. Quaternary ammonium compounds, which included benzalkonium chloride (BAC), were repeatedly used as surface disinfectants in the processing plant. Clean and disinfected surfaces were sampled to evaluate if resistance to disinfectants was associated with persistence. Of the 14 isolates obtained from product contact and non-product contact surfaces, only five different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) types were identified during the 27-month study period. Two of these PFGE types (S1 and S10-1) were previously identified to be persistent and BAC-resistant (BAC(r)) strains in a geographically separate slaughterhouse belonging to the same company. The remaining three PFGE types, which were first identified in this study, were also BAC(r). Whole-genome sequencing and in silico multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis of five BAC(r) isolates of the different PFGE types identified in this study showed that the isolate of the S1 PFGE type belonged to MLST sequence type 31 (ST31), a low-virulence type characterized by mutations in the inlA and prfA genes. The isolates of the remaining four PFGE types were found to belong to MLST ST121, a persistent type that has been isolated in several countries. The ST121 strains contained the BAC resistance transposon Tn6188. The disinfection-resistant L. monocytogenes population in this RTE pork product plant comprised two distinct genotypes with different multidrug resistance phenotypes. This work offers insight into the L. monocytogenes subtypes associated with persistence in food processing environments.
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39
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Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from human Listeriosis cases in China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2015; 4:e50. [PMID: 26421272 PMCID: PMC4576168 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2015.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Lambertini E, Buchanan RL, Narrod C, Pradhan AK. Transmission of Bacterial Zoonotic Pathogens between Pets and Humans: The Role of Pet Food. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 56:364-418. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.902356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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McIntyre L, Wilcott L, Naus M. Listeriosis outbreaks in British Columbia, Canada, caused by soft ripened cheese contaminated from environmental sources. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:131623. [PMID: 25918702 PMCID: PMC4396127 DOI: 10.1155/2015/131623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Soft ripened cheese (SRC) caused over 130 foodborne illnesses in British Columbia (BC), Canada, during two separate listeriosis outbreaks. Multiple agencies investigated the events that lead to cheese contamination with Listeria monocytogenes (L.m.), an environmentally ubiquitous foodborne pathogen. In both outbreaks pasteurized milk and the pasteurization process were ruled out as sources of contamination. In outbreak A, environmental transmission of L.m. likely occurred from farm animals to personnel to culture solutions used during cheese production. In outbreak B, birds were identified as likely contaminating the dairy plant's water supply and cheese during the curd-washing step. Issues noted during outbreak A included the risks of operating a dairy plant in a farm environment, potential for transfer of L.m. from the farm environment to the plant via shared toilet facilities, failure to clean and sanitize culture spray bottles, and cross-contamination during cheese aging. L.m. contamination in outbreak B was traced to wild swallows defecating in the plant's open cistern water reservoir and a multibarrier failure in the water disinfection system. These outbreaks led to enhanced inspection and surveillance of cheese plants, test and release programs for all SRC manufactured in BC, improvements in plant design and prevention programs, and reduced listeriosis incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine McIntyre
- Environmental Health Services, BC Centre for Disease Control, 655 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4R4
| | - Lynn Wilcott
- Environmental Health Services, BC Centre for Disease Control, 655 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4R4
| | - Monika Naus
- Immunization Programs and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Services, BC Centre for Disease Control, 655 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4R4
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z9
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42
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Malley TJV, Butts J, Wiedmann M. Seek and destroy process: Listeria monocytogenes process controls in the ready-to-eat meat and poultry industry. J Food Prot 2015; 78:436-45. [PMID: 25710164 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The majority of human listeriosis cases appear to be caused by consumption of ready-to-eat (RTE) foods contaminated at the time of consumption with high levels of Listeria monocytogenes. Although strategies to prevent growth of L. monocytogenes in RTE products are critical for reducing the incidence of human listeriosis, control of postprocessing environmental contamination of RTE meat and poultry products is an essential component of a comprehensive L. monocytogenes intervention and control program. Complete elimination of postprocessing L. monocytogenes contamination is challenging because this pathogen is common in various environments outside processing plants and can persist in food processing environments for years. Persistent L. monocytogenes strains in processing plants have been identified as the most common postprocessing contaminants of RTE foods and the cause of multiple listeriosis outbreaks. Identification and elimination of L. monocytogenes strains persisting in processing plants is thus critical for (i) compliance with zero-tolerance regulations for L. monocytogenes in U.S. RTE meat and poultry products and (ii) reduction of the incidence of human listeriosis. The seek-and-destroy process is a systematic approach to finding sites of persistent strains (niches) in food processing plants, with the goal of either eradicating or mitigating effects of these strains. This process has been used effectively to address persistent L. monocytogenes contamination in food processing plants, as supported by peer-reviewed evidence detailed here. Thus, a regulatory environment that encourages aggressive environmental Listeria testing is required to facilitate continued use of this science-based strategy for controlling L. monocytogenes in RTE foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J V Malley
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - John Butts
- Land O'Frost, Inc., Lansing, Illinois 60438, USA
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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43
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Pouillot R, Hoelzer K, Chen Y, Dennis SB. Listeria monocytogenes dose response revisited--incorporating adjustments for variability in strain virulence and host susceptibility. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2015; 35:90-108. [PMID: 24975545 DOI: 10.1111/risa.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Evaluations of Listeria monocytogenes dose-response relationships are crucially important for risk assessment and risk management, but are complicated by considerable variability across population subgroups and L. monocytogenes strains. Despite difficulties associated with the collection of adequate data from outbreak investigations or sporadic cases, the limitations of currently available animal models, and the inability to conduct human volunteer studies, some of the available data now allow refinements of the well-established exponential L. monocytogenes dose response to more adequately represent extremely susceptible population subgroups and highly virulent L. monocytogenes strains. Here, a model incorporating adjustments for variability in L. monocytogenes strain virulence and host susceptibility was derived for 11 population subgroups with similar underlying comorbidities using data from multiple sources, including human surveillance and food survey data. In light of the unique inherent properties of L. monocytogenes dose response, a lognormal-Poisson dose-response model was chosen, and proved able to reconcile dose-response relationships developed based on surveillance data with outbreak data. This model was compared to a classical beta-Poisson dose-response model, which was insufficiently flexible for modeling the specific case of L. monocytogenes dose-response relationships, especially in outbreak situations. Overall, the modeling results suggest that most listeriosis cases are linked to the ingestion of food contaminated with medium to high concentrations of L. monocytogenes. While additional data are needed to refine the derived model and to better characterize and quantify the variability in L. monocytogenes strain virulence and individual host susceptibility, the framework derived here represents a promising approach to more adequately characterize the risk of listeriosis in highly susceptible population subgroups.
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44
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Fusco V, Quero GM. Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Nucleic-Acid-Based Methods Used in the Microbial Safety Assessment of Milk and Dairy Products. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014; 13:493-537. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzina Fusco
- Nal. Research Council of Italy; Inst. of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA); Bari Italy
| | - Grazia Marina Quero
- Nal. Research Council of Italy; Inst. of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA); Bari Italy
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45
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Silk BJ, McCoy MH, Iwamoto M, Griffin PM. Foodborne listeriosis acquired in hospitals. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 59:532-40. [PMID: 24846635 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is characterized by bacteremia or meningitis. We searched for listeriosis case series and outbreak investigations published in English by 2013, and assessed the strength of evidence for foodborne acquisition among patients who ate hospital food. We identified 30 reports from 13 countries. Among the case series, the median proportion of cases considered to be hospital-acquired was 25% (range, 9%-67%). The median number of outbreak-related illnesses considered to be hospital-acquired was 4.0 (range, 2-16). All patients were immunosuppressed in 18 of 24 (75%) reports with available data. Eight outbreak reports with strong evidence for foodborne acquisition in a hospital implicated sandwiches (3 reports), butter, precut celery, Camembert cheese, sausage, and tuna salad (1 report each). Foodborne acquisition of listeriosis among hospitalized patients is well documented internationally. The number of listeriosis cases could be reduced substantially by establishing hospital policies for safe food preparation for immunocompromised patients and by not serving them higher-risk foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Silk
- Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Morgan H McCoy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Martha Iwamoto
- Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Patricia M Griffin
- Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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46
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47
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48
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A Microbial Who's Who. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2014. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555816186.app1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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49
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Kuan CH, Wong WC, Pui CF, Mahyudin NA, Tang JYH, Nishibuchi M, Radu S. Prevalence and quantification of Listeria monocytogenes in beef offal at retail level in Selangor, Malaysia. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 44:1169-72. [PMID: 24688507 PMCID: PMC3958183 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014005000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 63 beef offal samples (beef liver = 16; beef lung = 14; beef intestine = 9; beef tripe = 15; beef spleen = 9) from three wet markets (A, B, and C) in Selangor, Malaysia were examined for the prevalence and microbial load of Listeria monocytogenes. A combination of the most probable number and polymerase chain reaction (MPN-PCR) method was employed in this study. It was found that L. monocytogenes detected in 33.33% of the beef offal samples. The prevalence of L. monocytogenes in beef offal purchased from wet markets A, B, and C were 22.73%, 37.50% and 41.18% respectively. The density of L. monocytogenes in all the samples ranged from < 3 up to > 2,400 MPN/g. The findings in this study indicate that beef offal can be a potential vehicle of foodborne listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Hao Kuan
- Food Safety Research Centre, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Woan Chwen Wong
- Food Safety Research Centre, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Chai Fung Pui
- Food Safety Research Centre, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Ainy Mahyudin
- Food Safety Research Centre, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - John Yew Huat Tang
- Faculty of Food Technology, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia
| | - Mitsuaki Nishibuchi
- Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Son Radu
- Food Safety Research Centre, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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50
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Cetinkaya F, Elal Mus T, Yibar A, Guclu N, Tavsanli H, Cibik R. Prevalence, Serotype Identification by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of L
isteria Monocytogenes
Isolated from Retail Foods. J Food Saf 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Figen Cetinkaya
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Uludag; Gorukle Campus Bursa 16059 Turkey
| | - Tulay Elal Mus
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Uludag; Gorukle Campus Bursa 16059 Turkey
| | - Artun Yibar
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Uludag; Gorukle Campus Bursa 16059 Turkey
| | - Nedret Guclu
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Uludag; Gorukle Campus Bursa 16059 Turkey
| | - Hakan Tavsanli
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Uludag; Gorukle Campus Bursa 16059 Turkey
| | - Recep Cibik
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Uludag; Gorukle Campus Bursa 16059 Turkey
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