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Li X, He W, Zhang X, Shu F, Liu Y, Tan N, Jiang L. Elevated α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase is associated with in-hospital mortality in non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:995899. [PMID: 36204589 PMCID: PMC9530698 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.995899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous Study Found That Implantation of a Cardioverter-Defibrillator Likely Caused a Worse Prognosis in Older Patients With non-Ischemic Systolic Heart Failure. This Suggests That More Precise Risk Stratification Is Needed in Elderly Patients. We Conducted a Retrospective Study to Evaluate the Association of α-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase (α-HBDH) With Mortality During Hospitalization in Elderly Patients With non-Ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy (NIDCM). Methods 1,019 Elderly Patients (age ≥60 Years) Diagnosed With NIDCM Were Retrospectively Enrolled From January 2010 to December 2019. Univariate and Multivariate Analyses Were Showed to Explore the Relationship Between α-HBDH and in- Hospital Death. Results Patients in elevated α-HBDH group (>182 U/L) had a longer hospital stays and higher in-hospital mortality. Univariate logistics regression analysis showed that elevated α-HBDH was significantly related to mortality (OR: 7.004, 95% CI: 3.583–13.693, p < 0.001). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis reflected that α-HBDH levels had excellent predictive power for in-hospital death (AUC = 0.810, 95% CI: 0.745–0.876, p < 0.001). After adjustment of age, serum creatine, albumin and LVEF, multivariate regression analysis validated the association of elevated α-HBDH with increased risk of in-hospital death (p < 0.05). Conclusions Elevated α-HBDH level is significantly related to in-hospital mortality in older patients with NIDCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfei He
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital's Nanhai Hospital, The Second People's Hospital of Nanhai District, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Shu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoxin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Jiang
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VARS2 Depletion Leads to Activation of the Integrated Stress Response and Disruptions in Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137327. [PMID: 35806332 PMCID: PMC9267100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (mtARSs) have been reported in patients with mitochondriopathies: most commonly encephalopathy, but also cardiomyopathy. Through a GWAS, we showed possible associations between mitochondrial valyl-tRNA synthetase (VARS2) dysregulations and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. We aimed to investigate the possible consequences of VARS2 depletion in zebrafish and cultured HEK293A cells. Transient VARS2 loss-of-function was induced in zebrafish embryos using Morpholinos. The enzymatic activity of VARS2 was measured in VARS2-depleted cells via northern blot. Heterozygous VARS2 knockout was established in HEK293A cells using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. BN-PAGE and SDS-PAGE were used to investigate electron transport chain (ETC) complexes, and the oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate were measured using a Seahorse XFe96 Analyzer. The activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) and possible disruptions in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) were explored using RT-qPCR and western blot. Zebrafish embryos with transient VARS2 loss-of-function showed features of heart failure as well as indications of CNS and skeletal muscle involvements. The enzymatic activity of VARS2 was significantly reduced in VARS2-depleted cells. Heterozygous VARS2-knockout cells showed a rearrangement of ETC complexes in favor of complexes III2, III2 + IV, and supercomplexes without significant respiratory chain deficiencies. These cells also showed the enhanced activation of the ISR, as indicated by increased eIF-2α phosphorylation and a significant increase in the transcript levels of ATF4, ATF5, and DDIT3 (CHOP), as well as disruptions in FAO. The activation of the ISR and disruptions in mitochondrial FAO may underlie the adaptive changes in VARS2-depleted cells.
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Mani I. Genome editing in cardiovascular diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 181:289-308. [PMID: 34127197 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genetic modification at the molecular level in somatic cells, germline, and animal models requires for different purposes, such as introducing desired mutation, deletion of alleles, and insertion of novel genes in the genome. Various genome-editing tools are available to accomplish these alterations, such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR associated (Cas) system. CRISPR-Cas system is an emerging technology, which is being used in biological and medical sciences, including in the cardiovascular field. It assists to identify the mechanism of various cardiovascular disease occurrence, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM). Furthermore, it has been advantages to edit various genes simultaneously and can also be used to treat and prevent several human diseases. This chapter explores the use of the scientific and therapeutic potential of a CRISPR-Cas system to edit the various cardiovascular disease-associated genes to understand the pathways involved in disease progression and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Mani
- Department of Microbiology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
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Maisch B, Bauersachs J. Cardiomyopathies-past, present, future. Herz 2020; 45:209-211. [PMID: 32367485 PMCID: PMC7197243 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-020-04905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Maisch
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Feldbergstr. 45, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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Greenberg MJ, Daily NJ, Wang A, Conway MK, Wakatsuki T. Genetic and Tissue Engineering Approaches to Modeling the Mechanics of Human Heart Failure for Drug Discovery. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:120. [PMID: 30283789 PMCID: PMC6156537 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is the leading cause of death in the western world and as such, there is a great need for new therapies. Heart failure has a variable presentation in patients and a complex etiology; however, it is fundamentally a condition that affects the mechanics of cardiac contraction, preventing the heart from generating sufficient cardiac output under normal operating pressures. One of the major issues hindering the development of new therapies has been difficulties in developing appropriate in vitro model systems of human heart failure that recapitulate the essential changes in cardiac mechanics seen in the disease. Recent advances in stem cell technologies, genetic engineering, and tissue engineering have the potential to revolutionize our ability to model and study heart failure in vitro. Here, we review how these technologies are being applied to develop personalized models of heart failure and discover novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Greenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - Ann Wang
- InvivoSciences Inc., Madison, WI, United States
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Li M, Chen X, Chen L, Chen K, Zhou J, Song J. MiR-1-3p that correlates with left ventricular function of HCM can serve as a potential target and differentiate HCM from DCM. J Transl Med 2018; 16:161. [PMID: 29885652 PMCID: PMC5994246 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that function as regulators of gene expression and thereby contribute to the complex disease phenotypes. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) can cause sudden cardiac death and eventually develop into heart failure. However, they have different clinical and pathophysiological phenotype and the expressional spectrum of miRNAs in left ventricles of HCM and DCM has never been compared before. METHODS This study selected 30 human left ventricular heart samples belonged to three diagnostic groups (Control, HCM, DCM). Each group has ten samples. Based on previous findings, the expression of 13 different microRNAs involving heart failure and hypertrophy (miR-1-3p, miR-10b, miR-21, miR-23a, miR-27a, miR-29a, miR-133a-3p, miR-142-3p, miR-155, miR-199a-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-214, miR-497) was measured. 17 HCM patients were included as second group to validate the associations. RESULTS We found miR-155, miR-10b and miR-23a were highly expressed in both HCM and DCM compared with control. MiR-214 was downregulated and miR-21 was upregulated in DCM but not in HCM. We also identified miR-1-3p and miR-27a expressed significantly different between HCM and DCM and both miRNAs downregulated in HCM. And only miR-1-3p correlated with left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) that reflected the cardiac function in HCM. A second HCM group also confirmed this correlation. We then predicted Chloride voltage-gated channel 3 (Clcn3) as a direct target gene of miR-1-3p using bioinformatics tools and confirmed it by Luciferase reporter assay. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that different cardiomyopathies had unique miRNA expression pattern. And the expression levels of miR-1-3p and miR-27a had disease-specificity and sensitivity in HCM, whereas only miR-1-3p was significantly associated with left ventricular function in HCM identifying it as a potential target to improve the cardiac function in end-stage HCM. We also provide Clcn3 as a direct target of miR-1-3p which sheds light on the mechanism of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianye Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China.
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Ceholski DK, Turnbull IC, Kong CW, Koplev S, Mayourian J, Gorski PA, Stillitano F, Skodras AA, Nonnenmacher M, Cohen N, Björkegren JLM, Stroik DR, Cornea RL, Thomas DD, Li RA, Costa KD, Hajjar RJ. Functional and transcriptomic insights into pathogenesis of R9C phospholamban mutation using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 119:147-154. [PMID: 29752948 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) can be caused by mutations in the cardiac protein phospholamban (PLN). We used CRISPR/Cas9 to insert the R9C PLN mutation at its endogenous locus into a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) line from an individual with no cardiovascular disease. R9C PLN hiPSC-CMs display a blunted β-agonist response and defective calcium handling. In 3D human engineered cardiac tissues (hECTs), a blunted lusitropic response to β-adrenergic stimulation was observed with R9C PLN. hiPSC-CMs harboring the R9C PLN mutation showed activation of a hypertrophic phenotype, as evidenced by expression of hypertrophic markers and increased cell size and capacitance of cardiomyocytes. RNA-seq suggests that R9C PLN results in an altered metabolic state and profibrotic signaling, which was confirmed by gene expression analysis and picrosirius staining of R9C PLN hECTs. The expression of several miRNAs involved in fibrosis, hypertrophy, and cardiac metabolism were also perturbed in R9C PLN hiPSC-CMs. This study contributes to better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of the hereditary R9C PLN mutation in the context of human cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaine K Ceholski
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Irene C Turnbull
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Chi-Wing Kong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong University, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Simon Koplev
- Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joshua Mayourian
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Przemek A Gorski
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Francesca Stillitano
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Angelos A Skodras
- Microscopy Core, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mathieu Nonnenmacher
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Ninette Cohen
- Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Johan L M Björkegren
- Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Daniel R Stroik
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Razvan L Cornea
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - David D Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Ronald A Li
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong University, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna SE-171, Sweden
| | - Kevin D Costa
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
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9
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Ushasree B, Yasmeen S, Venkateshwari A, Narsimhan C, Jain R, Nallari P. Association of Polymorphic Antioxidant Enzymes with Dilated Cardiomyopathy. INT J HUM GENET 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09723757.2009.11886064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Ushasree
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - S. Yasmeen
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - A. Venkateshwari
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Disorders, Begumpet, Hyderabad 500 016, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - C. Narsimhan
- CARE Hospitals, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - R.K. Jain
- KIMS Hospitals, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pratibha Nallari
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, Andhra Pradesh, India
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10
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Neonatal dilated cardiomyopathy. Rev Port Cardiol 2017; 36:201-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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11
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Neonatal dilated cardiomyopathy. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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12
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Bardawil T, Khalil S, Bergqvist C, Abbas O, Kibbi AG, Bitar F, Nemer G, Kurban M. Genetics of inherited cardiocutaneous syndromes: a review. Open Heart 2016; 3:e000442. [PMID: 27933191 PMCID: PMC5133403 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2016-000442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The life of a human being originates as a single cell which, under the influence of certain factors, divides sequentially into multiple cells that subsequently become committed to develop and differentiate into the different structures and organs. Alterations occurring early on in the development process may lead to fetal demise in utero. Conversely, abnormalities at later stages may result in structural and/or functional abnormalities of varying severities. The cardiovascular system and skin share certain developmental and structural factors; therefore, it is not surprising to find several inherited syndromes with both cardiac and skin manifestations. Here, we will review the overlapping pathways in the development of the skin and heart, as well as the resulting syndromes. We will also highlight several cutaneous clues that may help physicians screen and uncover cardiac anomalies that may be otherwise hidden and result in sudden cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ossama Abbas
- Department of Dermatology , American University of Beirut , Beirut Lebanon
| | - Abdul Ghani Kibbi
- Department of Dermatology , American University of Beirut , Beirut Lebanon
| | - Fadi Bitar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, BeirutLebanon; Department of Pediatrics, American University of Beirut, BeirutLebanon
| | - Georges Nemer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , American University of Beirut , Beirut Lebanon
| | - Mazen Kurban
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut, BeirutLebanon; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, BeirutLebanon; Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Taghli-Lamallem O, Plantié E, Jagla K. Drosophila in the Heart of Understanding Cardiac Diseases: Modeling Channelopathies and Cardiomyopathies in the Fruitfly. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2016; 3:jcdd3010007. [PMID: 29367558 PMCID: PMC5715700 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd3010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and, among them, channelopathies and cardiomyopathies are a major cause of death worldwide. The molecular and genetic defects underlying these cardiac disorders are complex, leading to a large range of structural and functional heart phenotypes. Identification of molecular and functional mechanisms disrupted by mutations causing channelopathies and cardiomyopathies is essential to understanding the link between an altered gene and clinical phenotype. The development of animal models has been proven to be efficient for functional studies in channelopathies and cardiomyopathies. In particular, the Drosophila model has been largely applied for deciphering the molecular and cellular pathways affected in these inherited cardiac disorders and for identifying their genetic modifiers. Here we review the utility and the main contributions of the fruitfly models for the better understanding of channelopathies and cardiomyopathies. We also discuss the investigated pathological mechanisms and the discoveries of evolutionarily conserved pathways which reinforce the value of Drosophila in modeling human cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouarda Taghli-Lamallem
- GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development laboratory), INSERM U1103, CNRS UMR6293, University of Clermont-Ferrand, 28 place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Emilie Plantié
- GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development laboratory), INSERM U1103, CNRS UMR6293, University of Clermont-Ferrand, 28 place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Krzysztof Jagla
- GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development laboratory), INSERM U1103, CNRS UMR6293, University of Clermont-Ferrand, 28 place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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14
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Al-Yacoub N, Shaheen R, Awad SM, Kunhi M, Dzimiri N, Nguyen HC, Xiong Y, Al-Buraiki J, Al-Habeeb W, Alkuraya FS, Poizat C. FBXO32, encoding a member of the SCF complex, is mutated in dilated cardiomyopathy. Genome Biol 2016; 17:2. [PMID: 26753747 PMCID: PMC4707779 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-015-0861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common form of cardiomyopathy causing systolic dysfunction and heart failure. Rare variants in more than 30 genes, mostly encoding sarcomeric proteins and proteins of the cytoskeleton, have been implicated in familial DCM to date. Yet, the majority of variants causing DCM remain to be identified. The goal of the study is to identify novel mutations causing familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Results We identify FBXO32 (ATROGIN 1), a member of the F-Box protein family, as a novel DCM-causing locus. The missense mutation affects a highly conserved amino acid and is predicted to severely impair binding to SCF proteins. This is validated by co-immunoprecipitation experiments from cells expressing the mutant protein and from human heart tissue from two of the affected patients. We also demonstrate that the hearts of the patients with the FBXO32 mutation show accumulation of selected proteins regulating autophagy. Conclusion Our results indicate that abnormal SCF activity with subsequent impairment of the autophagic flux due to a novel FBXO32 mutation is implicated in the pathogenesis of DCM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-015-0861-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadya Al-Yacoub
- Cardiovascular Research Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ranad Shaheen
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Salma Mahmoud Awad
- Cardiovascular Research Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Kunhi
- Cardiovascular Research Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nduna Dzimiri
- Cardiovascular & Pharmacogenetics, Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Henry C Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Yong Xiong
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Jehad Al-Buraiki
- Heart Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Coralie Poizat
- Cardiovascular Research Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
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15
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Huang W, Szczesna-Cordary D. Molecular mechanisms of cardiomyopathy phenotypes associated with myosin light chain mutations. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2015; 36:433-45. [PMID: 26385864 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-015-9423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We discuss here the potential mechanisms of action associated with hypertrophic (HCM) or dilated (DCM) cardiomyopathy causing mutations in the myosin regulatory (RLC) and essential (ELC) light chains. Specifically, we focus on four HCM mutations: RLC-A13T, RLC-K104E, ELC-A57G and ELC-M173V, and one DCM RLC-D94A mutation shown by population studies to cause different cardiomyopathy phenotypes in humans. Our studies indicate that RLC and ELC mutations lead to heart disease through different mechanisms with RLC mutations triggering alterations of the secondary structure of the RLC which further affect the structure and function of the lever arm domain and impose changes in the cross bridge cycling rates and myosin force generation ability. The ELC mutations exert their detrimental effects through changes in the interaction of the N-terminus of ELC with actin altering the cross talk between the thick and thin filaments and ultimately resulting in an altered force-pCa relationship. We also discuss the effect of mutations on myosin light chain phosphorylation. Exogenous myosin light chain phosphorylation and/or pseudo-phosphorylation were explored as potential rescue tools to treat hypertrophy-related cardiac phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Danuta Szczesna-Cordary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Cheng L, Zhao R, Jin Z, Ren K, Deng C, Yu S. Association of genetic polymorphisms on BTNL2 with susceptibility to and prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy in a Chinese population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:10488-10499. [PMID: 26617759 PMCID: PMC4637574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one type of primary myocardial disease, partly caused by immunity dysfunctions. BTNL2 (butyrophilin-like 2) has already been confirmed to be involved in the etiology of autoimmune disorders and GWAS (genome wide association study) has also identified mutants of a SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) near BTNL2 could modulate risk of coronary heart disease (also cardiomyopathy). The current study, therefore, was aimed to investigate whether polymorphisms within or around BTNL2 would be correlated with susceptibility to and prognosis of DCM. MATERIAL AND METHODS Peripheral blood samples were gathered from 82 DCM patients and 75 healthy controls. Nine tag-SNPs within or near BTNL2 were obtained from HapMap Database and previously published studies. Eligible haplotypes were gained on the basis of SHesis software. Genotyping of SNPs was implemented with aid of Sequenom MassArray iPLEX platform and subsequently analyzed via MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The odd ratios and their 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were utilized to evaluate the correlations between SNPs/haplotypes and DCM risks. Finally, Cox proportional hazard models and Kaplan-Meier curves were performed to assess association of SNPs/haplotypes with prognosis of DCM patients. The statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS 19.0 software. RESULTS Under the allelic model, rs3763313 (A > C), rs9268494 (C > A), rs9268492 (C > G) and rs9268402 (A > G) were remarkably associated with susceptibility to grade IV of DCM classified by NYHA (New York heart association) (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.22-0.84; P = 0.018; OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.27-0.91; P = 0.024; OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.27-0.94; P = 0.035; OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.28-0.97; P = 0.048). Haplotype C-C-A-T (rs9268492, rs9268494, rs3763313 and rs3763317 synthesized) was also regarded as a protective factor for DCM patients compared with carriers of other haplotypes (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.26-0.97, P = 0.038). Moreover, the univariate survival analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis both indicated noticeable correlations between rs9268402 and haplotype C-C-A-T and prognosis of DCM patients (NYHA IV), respectively (Long-Rank P = 0.029, HR: 0.241, 95% CI: 0.089-0.650, P = 0.005; Long-Rank P = 0.036; HR = 0.126, 95% CI: 0.035-0.457, P = 0.002). Nonetheless, rs3763313 was found only associated with prognosis of DCM patients (NYHA IV) expressed in the Kaplan-Meier curve (P = 0.009). CONCLUSION The genetic mutations within or around BTNL2 (rs3763313, rs9268494, rs9268492 and rs9268402) could alter susceptibility to grade IV of DCM in a Chinese population, and the 2 SNPs (rs3763313 and rs9268402) therein added with haplotype C-C-A-T might separately predict the prognosis of DCM patients. However, additional studies regarding diverse ethnicities need to be furthered to validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an 710032, China
| | - ZhenXiao Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Kai Ren
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shiqiang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an 710032, China
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Huang W, Liang J, Yuan CC, Kazmierczak K, Zhou Z, Morales A, McBride KL, Fitzgerald-Butt SM, Hershberger RE, Szczesna-Cordary D. Novel familial dilated cardiomyopathy mutation in MYL2 affects the structure and function of myosin regulatory light chain. FEBS J 2015; 282:2379-93. [PMID: 25825243 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disease of the myocardium characterized by left ventricular dilatation and diminished contractile function. Here we describe a novel DCM mutation in the myosin regulatory light chain (RLC), in which aspartic acid at position 94 is replaced by alanine (D94A). The mutation was identified by exome sequencing of three adult first-degree relatives who met formal criteria for idiopathic DCM. To obtain insight into the functional significance of this pathogenic MYL2 variant, we cloned and purified the human ventricular RLC wild-type (WT) and D94A mutant proteins, and performed in vitro experiments using RLC-mutant or WT-reconstituted porcine cardiac preparations. The mutation induced a reduction in the α-helical content of the RLC, and imposed intra-molecular rearrangements. The phosphorylation of RLC by Ca²⁺/calmodulin-activated myosin light chain kinase was not affected by D94A. The mutation was seen to impair binding of RLC to the myosin heavy chain, and its incorporation into RLC-depleted porcine myosin. The actin-activated ATPase activity of mutant-reconstituted porcine cardiac myosin was significantly higher compared with ATPase of wild-type. No changes in the myofibrillar ATPase-pCa relationship were observed in wild-type- or D94A-reconstituted preparations. Measurements of contractile force showed a slightly reduced maximal tension per cross-section of muscle, with no change in the calcium sensitivity of force in D94A-reconstituted skinned porcine papillary muscle strips compared with wild-type. Our data indicate that subtle structural rearrangements in the RLC molecule, followed by its impaired interaction with the myosin heavy chain, may trigger functional abnormalities contributing to the DCM phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jingsheng Liang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Chen-Ching Yuan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kazmierczak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Zhiqun Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ana Morales
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kim L McBride
- Department of Pediatrics Ohio State University, Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sara M Fitzgerald-Butt
- Department of Pediatrics Ohio State University, Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ray E Hershberger
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Danuta Szczesna-Cordary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Nonaka M, Morimoto S. Experimental models of inherited cardiomyopathy and its therapeutics. World J Cardiol 2014; 6:1245-1251. [PMID: 25548614 PMCID: PMC4278159 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i12.1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is a disease of myocardium categorized into three major forms, hypertrophic (HCM), dilated (DCM) and restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM), which has recently been demonstrated to be a monogenic disease due to mutations in various proteins expressed in cardiomyocytes. Mutations in HCM and RCM typically increase the myofilament sensitivity to cytoplasmic Ca2+, leading to systolic hyperfunction and diastolic dysfunction. In contrast, mutations in DCM typically decrease the myofilament sensitivity to cytoplasmic Ca2+ and/or force generation/transmission, leading to systolic dysfunction. Creation of genetically-manipulated transgenic and knock-in animals expressing mutant proteins exogenously and endogenously, respectively, in their hearts provides valuable animal models to discover the molecular and cellular mechanisms for pathogenesis and promising therapeutic strategy in vivo. Recently, cardiomyocytes have been differentiated from patient’s induced pluripotent stem cells as a model of inherited cardiomyopathies in vitro. In this review, we provide overview of experimental models of cardiomyopathies with a focus on revealed molecular and cellular pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutics.
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Rau CD, Wang J, Avetisyan R, Romay MC, Martin L, Ren S, Wang Y, Lusis AJ. Mapping genetic contributions to cardiac pathology induced by Beta-adrenergic stimulation in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 8:40-9. [PMID: 25480693 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.113.000732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stress-induced cardiac pathology exhibits both a wide range in severity and a high degree of heterogeneity in clinical manifestation in human patients. This variability is contributed to by complex genetic and environmental etiologies within the human population. Genetic approaches to elucidate the genetics underlying the acquired forms of cardiomyopathies, including genome-wide association studies, have been largely unsuccessful, resulting in limited knowledge as to the contribution of genetic variations for this important disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Using the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol as a specific pathological stressor to circumvent the problem of etiologic heterogeneity, we performed a genome-wide association study for genes influencing cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in a large panel of inbred mice. Our analyses revealed 7 significant loci and 17 suggestive loci, containing an average of 14 genes, affecting cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and surrogate traits relevant to heart failure. Several loci contained candidate genes which are known to contribute to Mendelian cardiomyopathies in humans or have established roles in cardiac pathology based on molecular or genetic studies in mouse models. In particular, we identify Abcc6 as a novel gene underlying a fibrosis locus by validating that an allele with a splice mutation of Abcc6 dramatically and rapidly promotes isoproterenol-induced cardiac fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variants significantly contribute to the phenotypic heterogeneity of stress-induced cardiomyopathy. Systems genetics is an effective approach to identify genes and pathways underlying the specific pathological features of cardiomyopathies. Abcc6 is a previously unrecognized player in the development of stress-induced cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph D Rau
- From the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Human Genetics (C.D.R., R.A., M.R., A.J.L.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (J.W., L.M., A.J.L.), and Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology, and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine (S.R., Y.W.), University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jessica Wang
- From the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Human Genetics (C.D.R., R.A., M.R., A.J.L.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (J.W., L.M., A.J.L.), and Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology, and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine (S.R., Y.W.), University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Rozeta Avetisyan
- From the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Human Genetics (C.D.R., R.A., M.R., A.J.L.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (J.W., L.M., A.J.L.), and Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology, and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine (S.R., Y.W.), University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Milagros C Romay
- From the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Human Genetics (C.D.R., R.A., M.R., A.J.L.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (J.W., L.M., A.J.L.), and Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology, and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine (S.R., Y.W.), University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lisa Martin
- From the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Human Genetics (C.D.R., R.A., M.R., A.J.L.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (J.W., L.M., A.J.L.), and Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology, and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine (S.R., Y.W.), University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Shuxun Ren
- From the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Human Genetics (C.D.R., R.A., M.R., A.J.L.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (J.W., L.M., A.J.L.), and Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology, and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine (S.R., Y.W.), University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yibin Wang
- From the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Human Genetics (C.D.R., R.A., M.R., A.J.L.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (J.W., L.M., A.J.L.), and Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology, and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine (S.R., Y.W.), University of California, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- From the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Human Genetics (C.D.R., R.A., M.R., A.J.L.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (J.W., L.M., A.J.L.), and Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology, and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine (S.R., Y.W.), University of California, Los Angeles, CA.
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Huang Y, Xia J, Zheng J, Geng B, Liu P, Yu F, Liu B, Zhang H, Xu M, Ye P, Zhu Y, Xu Q, Wang X, Kong W. Deficiency of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein causes dilated cardiomyopathy. Basic Res Cardiol 2013; 108:374. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-013-0374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Punetha J, Hoffman EP. Short read (next-generation) sequencing: a tutorial with cardiomyopathy diagnostics as an exemplar. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 6:427-34. [PMID: 23852418 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.113.000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Punetha
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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22
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Abstract
It is believed that cardiac remodeling due to geometric and structural changes is a major mechanism for the progression of heart failure in different pathologies including hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and myocardial infarction. Increases in the activities of proteolytic enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases, calpains, cathepsins, and caspases contribute to the process of cardiac remodeling. In addition to modifying the extracellular matrix, both matrix metalloproteinases and cathepsins have been shown to affect the activities of subcellular organelles in cardiomyocytes. The activation of calpains and caspases has been identified to induce subcellular remodeling in failing hearts. Proteolytic activities associated with different proteins including caspases, calpain, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system have been shown to be involved in cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which is an integral part of cardiac remodeling. This article discusses and compares how the activities of various proteases are involved in different cardiac abnormalities with respect to alterations in apoptotic pathways, cardiac remodeling, and cardiac dysfunction. An imbalance appears to occur between the activities of some proteases and their endogenous inhibitors in various types of hypertrophied and failing hearts, and this is likely to further accentuate subcellular remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. The importance of inhibiting the activities of both extracellular and intracellular proteases specific to distinct etiologies, in attenuating cardiac remodeling and apoptosis as well as biochemical changes of subcellular organelles, in heart failure has been emphasized. It is suggested that combination therapy to inhibit different proteases may prove useful for the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Müller
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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23
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TNNT2 gene polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in the Han Chinese population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:201372. [PMID: 23586019 PMCID: PMC3613050 DOI: 10.1155/2013/201372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background. Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by ventricular chamber enlargement and systolic dysfunction. The pathogenesis of DCM remains uncertain, and the TNNT2 gene is potentially associated with DCM. To assess the role of TNNT2 in DCM, we examined 10 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the patients. Methods. A total of 97 DCM patients and 189 control subjects were included in the study, and all SNPs were genotyped by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Results. In the TNNT2 gene, there was a significant association between DCM and genotype for the tagging SNPs rs3729547 (χ2 = 6.63, P = 0.036, OR = 0.650, and 95% CI = 0.453–0.934) and rs3729843 (χ2 = 9.787, P = 0.008, OR = 1.912, and 95% CI = 1.265–2.890) in the Chinese Han population. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis showed that the SNPs rs7521796, rs2275862, rs3729547, rs10800775, and rs1892028, which are approximately 6 kb apart, were in high LD (D′ > 0.80) in the DCM patients. Conclusion. These results suggest that the TNNT2 polymorphisms might play an important role in susceptibility to DCM in the Chinese Han population.
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Abstract
In inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis there is--apart from heart failure and antiarrhythmic therapies--no alternative to an aetiologically driven specific treatment. Prerequisite are noninvasive and invasive biomarkers including endomyocardial biopsy and PCR on cardiotropic agents. This review deals with the different etiologies of myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy including the genetic background, the predisposition for heart failure and inflammation. It analyses the epidemiologic shift in pathogenetic agents in the last 20 years, the role of innate and aquired immunity including the T- and B-cell driven immune responses. The phases and clinical faces of myocarditis are summarized. Up-to-date information on current treatment options starting with heart failure and antiarrhythmic therapy are provided. Although inflammation can resolve spontaneously, specific treatment directed to the causative aetiology is often required. For fulminant, acute and chronic autoreactive myocarditis immunosuppressive treatment is beneficial, while for viral cardiomyopathy and myocarditis ivIg can resolve inflammation and is as successful as interferon therapy in enteroviral and adenoviral myocarditis. For Parvo B19 and HHV6 myocarditis eradication of the virus is still a problem by any of these treatment options. Finally, the potential of stem cell therapy has to be tested in future trials. In virus-negative, autoreactive perimyocardial disease a locoregional approach with intrapericardial instillation of high local doses of triamcinolone acetate has been shown to be highly efficient and with few systemic side-effects.
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Teekakirikul P, Kelly MA, Rehm HL, Lakdawala NK, Funke BH. Inherited cardiomyopathies: molecular genetics and clinical genetic testing in the postgenomic era. J Mol Diagn 2012; 15:158-70. [PMID: 23274168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited cardiomyopathies include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, left ventricular noncompaction, and restrictive cardiomyopathy. These diseases have a substantial genetic component and predispose to sudden cardiac death, which provides a high incentive to identify and sequence disease genes in affected individuals to identify pathogenic variants. Clinical genetic testing, which is now widely available, can be a powerful tool for identifying presymptomatic individuals. However, locus and allelic heterogeneity are the rule, as are clinical variability and reduced penetrance of disease in carriers of pathogenic variants. These factors, combined with genetic and phenotypic overlap between different cardiomyopathies, have made clinical genetic testing a lengthy and costly process. Next-generation sequencing technologies have removed many limitations such that comprehensive testing is now feasible, shortening diagnostic odysseys for clinically complex cases. Remaining challenges include the incomplete understanding of the spectrum of benign and pathogenic variants in the cardiomyopathy genes, which is a source of inconclusive results. This review provides an overview of inherited cardiomyopathies with a focus on their genetic etiology and diagnostic testing in the postgenomic era.
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Standard and etiology-directed evidence-based therapies in myocarditis: state of the art and future perspectives. Heart Fail Rev 2012; 18:761-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s10741-012-9362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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van de Meerakker JBA, Christiaans I, Barnett P, Lekanne Deprez RH, Ilgun A, Mook ORF, Mannens MMAM, Lam J, Wilde AAM, Moorman AFM, Postma AV. A novel alpha-tropomyosin mutation associates with dilated and non-compaction cardiomyopathy and diminishes actin binding. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1833:833-9. [PMID: 23147248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by idiopathic dilatation and systolic contractile dysfunction of the ventricle(s) leading to an impaired systolic function. The origin of DCM is heterogeneous, but genetic transmission of the disease accounts for up to 50% of the cases. Mutations in alpha-tropomyosin (TPM1), a thin filament protein involved in structural and regulatory roles in muscle cells, are associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and very rarely with DCM. METHODS AND RESULTS Here we present a large four-generation family in which DCM is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Six family members have a cardiomyopathy with the age of diagnosis ranging from 5 months to 52 years. The youngest affected was diagnosed with dilated and non-compaction cardiomyopathy (NCCM) and died at the age of five. Three additional children died young of suspected heart problems. We mapped the phenotype to chromosome 15 and subsequently identified a missense mutation in TPM1, resulting in a p.D84N amino acid substitution. In addition we sequenced 23 HCM/DCM genes using next generation sequencing. The TPM1 p.D84N was the only mutation identified. The mutation co-segregates with all clinically affected family members and significantly weakens the binding of tropomyosin to actin by 25%. CONCLUSIONS We show that a mutation in TPM1 is associated with DCM and a lethal, early onset form of NCCM, probably as a result of diminished actin binding caused by weakened charge-charge interactions. Consequently, the screening of TPM1 in patients and families with DCM and/or (severe, early onset forms of) NCCM is warranted. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cardiomyocyte Biology: Cardiac Pathways of Differentiation, Metabolism and Contraction.
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Habeler W, Peschanski M, Monville C. Organotypic heart slices for cell transplantation and physiological studies. Organogenesis 2012; 5:62-6. [PMID: 19794901 DOI: 10.4161/org.5.2.9091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have significantly improved our ability to investigate cell transplantation and study the physiology of transplanted cells in cardiac tissue. Several previous studies have shown that fully-immersed heart slices can be used for electrophysiological investigations. Additionally, ischemic heart slices induced by glucose and oxygen deprivation offer a useful tool to investigate mechanical integration and to measure forces of contraction of engrafted cells, at least for short term analysis. A recent and novel model of heart slices, prepared from rat and human tissues, can be maintained in culture for up to two months. This new heart slice model can be used for long term in vitro cell transplantation studies and for pharmacological evaluation. This review will focus on describing these models and demonstrating the use of organotypic heart slices as a novel tool for drugs for studying electrophysiology and developing cellular therapeutic approaches to alleviate cardiac tissue damage.
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29
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Lefta M, Campbell KS, Feng HZ, Jin JP, Esser KA. Development of dilated cardiomyopathy in Bmal1-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 303:H475-85. [PMID: 22707558 PMCID: PMC3423146 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00238.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are approximate 24-h oscillations in physiology and behavior. Circadian rhythm disruption has been associated with increased incidence of hypertension, coronary artery disease, dyslipidemia, and other cardiovascular pathologies in both humans and animal models. Mice lacking the core circadian clock gene, brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT)-like protein (Bmal1), are behaviorally arrhythmic, die prematurely, and display a wide range of organ pathologies. However, data are lacking on the role of Bmal1 on the structural and functional integrity of cardiac muscle. In the present study, we demonstrate that Bmal1(-/-) mice develop dilated cardiomyopathy with age, characterized by thinning of the myocardial walls, dilation of the left ventricle, and decreased cardiac performance. Shortly after birth the Bmal1(-/-) mice exhibit a transient increase in myocardial weight, followed by regression and later onset of dilation and failure. Ex vivo working heart preparations revealed systolic ventricular dysfunction at the onset of dilation and failure, preceded by downregulation of both myosin heavy chain isoform mRNAs. We observed structural disorganization at the level of the sarcomere with a shift in titin isoform composition toward the stiffer N2B isoform. However, passive tension generation in single cardiomyocytes was not increased. Collectively, these findings suggest that the loss of the circadian clock gene, Bmal1, gives rise to the development of an age-associated dilated cardiomyopathy, which is associated with shifts in titin isoform composition, altered myosin heavy chain gene expression, and disruption of sarcomere structure.
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MESH Headings
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/deficiency
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/genetics
- Age Factors
- Aging
- Animals
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/diagnostic imaging
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/physiopathology
- Connectin
- Disease Progression
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle Proteins/metabolism
- Myocardial Contraction
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Myosin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Myosin Heavy Chains/metabolism
- Protein Kinases/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sarcomeres/metabolism
- Sarcomeres/pathology
- Stroke Volume
- Ultrasonography
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Pressure
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Affiliation(s)
- Mellani Lefta
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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Gosselin-Badaroudine P, Keller DI, Huang H, Pouliot V, Chatelier A, Osswald S, Brink M, Chahine M. A proton leak current through the cardiac sodium channel is linked to mixed arrhythmia and the dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38331. [PMID: 22675453 PMCID: PMC3365008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac Na+ channels encoded by the SCN5A gene are essential for initiating heart beats and maintaining a regular heart rhythm. Mutations in these channels have recently been associated with atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias, conduction disorders, and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We investigated a young male patient with a mixed phenotype composed of documented conduction disorder, atrial flutter, and ventricular tachycardia associated with DCM. Further family screening revealed DCM in the patient's mother and sister and in three of the mother's sisters. Because of the complex clinical phenotypes, we screened SCN5A and identified a novel mutation, R219H, which is located on a highly conserved region on the fourth helix of the voltage sensor domain of Nav1.5. Three family members with DCM carried the R219H mutation. The wild-type (WT) and mutant Na+ channels were expressed in a heterologous expression system, and intracellular pH (pHi) was measured using a pH-sensitive electrode. The biophysical characterization of the mutant channel revealed an unexpected selective proton leak with no effect on its biophysical properties. The H+ leak through the mutated Nav1.5 channel was not related to the Na+ permeation pathway but occurred through an alternative pore, most probably a proton wire on the voltage sensor domain. We propose that acidification of cardiac myocytes and/or downstream events may cause the DCM phenotype and other electrical problems in affected family members. The identification of this clinically significant H+ leak may lead to the development of more targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dagmar I. Keller
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Cardiobiology Research Laboratories, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hai Huang
- Laval University Robert-Giffard Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valérie Pouliot
- Laval University Robert-Giffard Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aurélien Chatelier
- Laval University Robert-Giffard Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stefan Osswald
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marijke Brink
- Cardiobiology Research Laboratories, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Chahine
- Laval University Robert-Giffard Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Novel desmoplakin mutation: juvenile biventricular cardiomyopathy with left ventricular non-compaction and acantholytic palmoplantar keratoderma. Clin Res Cardiol 2011; 100:1087-93. [PMID: 21789513 PMCID: PMC3222824 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-011-0345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Two sons of a consanguineous marriage developed biventricular cardiomyopathy. One boy died of severe heart failure at the age of 6 years, the other was transplanted because of severe heart failure at the age of 10 years. In addition, focal palmoplantar keratoderma and woolly hair were apparent in both boys. As similar phenotypes have been described in Naxos disease and Carvajal syndrome, respectively, the genes for plakoglobin (JUP) and desmoplakin (DSP) were screened for mutations using direct genomic sequencing. A novel homozygous 2 bp deletion was identified in an alternatively spliced region of DSP. The deletion 5208_5209delAG led to a frameshift downstream of amino acid 1,736 with a premature truncation of the predominant cardiac isoform DSP-1. This novel homozygous truncating mutation in the isoform-1 specific region of the DSP C-terminus caused Carvajal syndrome comprising severe early-onset heart failure with features of non-compaction cardiomyopathy, woolly hair and an acantholytic form of palmoplantar keratoderma in our patient. Congenital hair abnormality and manifestation of the cutaneous phenotype in toddler age can help to identify children at risk for cardiac death.
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Shipman KE, Arnold I. Case of epirubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in familial cardiomyopathy. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29:e537-8. [PMID: 21482996 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.34.8052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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van der Zwaag PA, van Tintelen JP, Gerbens F, Jongbloed JDH, Boven LG, van der Smagt JJ, van der Roest WP, van Langen IM, Bikker H, Hauer RNW, van den Berg MP, Hofstra RMW, te Meerman GJ. Haplotype sharing test maps genes for familial cardiomyopathies†. Clin Genet 2011; 79:459-67. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01472.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Burkett EL, Hershberger RE. Clinical and genetic issues in dilated cardiomyopathy: a review for genetics professionals. Genet Med 2011; 45:969-81. [PMID: 15808750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2004] [Revised: 09/16/2004] [Accepted: 11/22/2004] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), usually diagnosed as idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC), has been shown to have a familial basis in 20-35% of cases. Genetic studies in familial dilated cardiomyopathy (FDC) have shown dramatic locus heterogeneity with mutations identified in >30 mostly autosomal genes showing primarily dominant transmission. Most mutations are private missense, nonsense or short insertion/deletions. Marked allelic heterogeneity is the rule. Although to date most DCM genetics fits into a Mendelian rare variant disease paradigm, this paradigm may be incomplete with only 30-35% of FDC genetic cause identified. Despite this incomplete knowledge, we predict that DCM genetics will become increasingly relevant for genetics and cardiovascular professionals. This is because DCM causes heart failure, a national epidemic, with considerable morbidity and mortality. The fact that early, even pre-symptomatic intervention can prevent or ameliorate DCM, coupled with more cost-effective genetic testing, will drive further progress in the field. Ongoing questions include: whether sporadic (IDC) disease has a genetic basis, and if so, how it differs from familial disease; which gene-specific or genetic pathways are most relevant; and whether other genetic mechanisms (e.g., DNA structural variants, epigenetics, mitochondrial mutations and others) are operative in DCM. We suggest that such new knowledge will lead to novel approaches to the prevention and treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Burkett
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OT 97239, USA
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Lu S, Crawford GL, Dore J, Anderson SA, Despres D, Horowits R. Cardiac-specific NRAP overexpression causes right ventricular dysfunction in mice. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:1226-37. [PMID: 21276443 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The muscle-specific protein NRAP is concentrated at cardiac intercalated disks, plays a role in myofibril assembly, and is upregulated early in mouse models of dilated cardiomyopathy. Using a tet-off system, we developed novel transgenic lines exhibiting cardiac-specific NRAP overexpression ~2.5 times greater than normal. At 40-50 weeks, NRAP overexpression resulted in dilation and decreased ejection fraction in the right ventricle, with little effect on the left ventricle. Expression of transcripts encoding brain natriuretic peptide and skeletal α-actin was increased by cardiac-specific NRAP overexpression, indicative of a cardiomyopathic response. NRAP overexpression did not alter the levels or organization of N-cadherin and connexin-43. The results show that chronic NRAP overexpression in the mouse leads to right ventricular cardiomyopathy by 10 months, but that the early NRAP upregulation previously observed in some mouse models of dilated cardiomyopathy is unlikely to account for the remodeling of intercalated disks and left ventricular dysfunction observed in those cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shajia Lu
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Raman SV, Basso C, Tandri H, Taylor MRG. Imaging phenotype vs genotype in nonhypertrophic heritable cardiomyopathies: dilated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2010; 3:753-65. [PMID: 21081743 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.110.957563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subha V Raman
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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Tsipis A, Athanassiadou AM, Athanassiadou P, Kavantzas N, Agrogiannis G, Patsouris E. Apoptosis-related factors p53, bcl-2 and the defects of force transmission in dilated cardiomyopathy. Pathol Res Pract 2010; 206:625-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2010.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Callis TE, Jensen BC, Weck KE, Willis MS. Evolving molecular diagnostics for familial cardiomyopathies: at the heart of it all. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2010; 10:329-51. [PMID: 20370590 PMCID: PMC5022563 DOI: 10.1586/erm.10.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are an important and heterogeneous group of common cardiac diseases. An increasing number of cardiomyopathies are now recognized to have familial forms, which result from single-gene mutations that render a Mendelian inheritance pattern, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy. Recently, clinical genetic tests for familial cardiomyopathies have become available for clinicians evaluating and treating patients with these diseases, making it necessary to understand the current progress and challenges in cardiomyopathy genetics and diagnostics. In this review, we summarize the genetic basis of selected cardiomyopathies, describe the clinical utility of genetic testing for cardiomyopathies and outline the current challenges and emerging developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Callis
- PGxHealth Division, Clinical Data, Inc., 5 Science Park, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Brian C Jensen
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7126, USA and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7075, USA
| | - Karen E Weck
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA
| | - Monte S Willis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2340B Medical Biomolecular Research Building, 103 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA Tel.: +1 919 843 1938 Fax: +1 919 843 4585
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Gianni D, Li A, Tesco G, McKay KM, Moore J, Raygor K, Rota M, Gwathmey JK, Dec GW, Aretz T, Leri A, Semigran MJ, Anversa P, Macgillivray TE, Tanzi RE, del Monte F. Protein aggregates and novel presenilin gene variants in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2010; 121:1216-26. [PMID: 20194882 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.109.879510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure is a debilitating condition resulting in severe disability and death. In a subset of cases, clustered as idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (iDCM), the origin of heart failure is unknown. In the brain of patients with dementia, proteinaceous aggregates and abnormal oligomeric assemblies of beta-amyloid impair cell function and lead to cell death. METHODS AND RESULTS We have similarly characterized fibrillar and oligomeric assemblies in the hearts of iDCM patients, pointing to abnormal protein aggregation as a determinant of iDCM. We also showed that oligomers alter myocyte Ca(2+) homeostasis. Additionally, we have identified 2 new sequence variants in the presenilin-1 (PSEN1) gene promoter leading to reduced gene and protein expression. We also show that presenilin-1 coimmunoprecipitates with SERCA2a. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of these findings, we propose that 2 mechanisms may link protein aggregation and cardiac function: oligomer-induced changes on Ca(2+) handling and a direct effect of PSEN1 sequence variants on excitation-contraction coupling protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Gianni
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02125, USA
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Willott RH, Gomes AV, Chang AN, Parvatiyar MS, Pinto JR, Potter JD. Mutations in Troponin that cause HCM, DCM AND RCM: what can we learn about thin filament function? J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 48:882-92. [PMID: 19914256 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Revised: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Troponin (Tn) is a critical regulator of muscle contraction in cardiac muscle. Mutations in Tn subunits are associated with hypertrophic, dilated and restrictive cardiomyopathies. Improved diagnosis of cardiomyopathies as well as intensive investigation of new mouse cardiomyopathy models has significantly enhanced this field of research. Recent investigations have showed that the physiological effects of Tn mutations associated with hypertrophic, dilated and restrictive cardiomyopathies are different. Impaired relaxation is a universal finding of most transgenic models of HCM, predicted directly from the significant changes in Ca(2+) sensitivity of force production. Mutations associated with HCM and RCM show increased Ca(2+) sensitivity of force production while mutations associated with DCM demonstrate decreased Ca(2+) sensitivity of force production. This review spotlights recent advances in our understanding on the role of Tn mutations on ATPase activity, maximal force development and heart function as well as the correlation between the locations of these Tn mutations within the thin filament and myofilament function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth H Willott
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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41
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Greenberg MJ, Moore JR. Actin in action and inaction: the differential effects of hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy actin mutations on thin filament regulation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 48:277-8. [PMID: 19879279 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wang L, Lu L, Zhang F, Chen Q, Shen W. Polymorphisms of beta-adrenoceptor and natriuretic peptide receptor genes influence the susceptibility to and the severity of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in a Chinese cohort. J Card Fail 2009; 16:36-44. [PMID: 20123316 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the potential effects of beta-adrenoceptor (beta-AR) and natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR) gene polymorphisms on the susceptibility to and the severity of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) in a Chinese cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS Ten polymorphisms in the coding regions of beta1-AR, beta2-AR, beta3-AR, NPR1, and NPR2 were genotyped in 430 IDCM patients and 468 healthy subjects. Patients with IDCM were followed for 2 years. In multi-loci combined subtype analysis, the combined profile of beta-AR and NPR was significantly different between IDCM patients and controls (P < .0001), mainly influenced by 2 loci beta1-Ser49Gly and NPR2-C2077T, which were also associated with the severity of IDCM. In single-loci analysis, allele frequencies of beta1-Gly49, NPR1-Glu939, and NPR2-T2077 were higher in patients with IDCM than in controls. Genotypes carrying NPR2-T2077 allele showed 1.94-fold independent risk for IDCM phenotype than C2077 homozygote (P < .001). Carriers of the NPR2-T2077 or beta1-Gly49 variant had worse New York Heart Association functional class or echocardiographic results and elevated serum brain natriuretic peptide, experienced severe symptoms, and required intensive medications and frequent hospitalization for heart failure. Furthermore, synergistic interactions between NPR2-C2077T and beta1-Ser49Gly were detected by multifactor-dimensionality reduction method. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that NPR2-T2077 and beta1-Gly49 polymorphisms may be genetically synergistic adverse factors for the susceptibility to or the severity of IDCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Yang F, Aiello DL, Pyle WG. Cardiac myofilament regulation by protein phosphatase type 1alpha and CapZ. Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 86:70-8. [PMID: 18364747 DOI: 10.1139/o07-150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myofilament regulation by protein kinases is well characterized, but relatively little is known about protein phosphatase control of myofilaments. Increased protein phosphatase type 1 (PP1) activity observed in failing hearts underscores the need for investigation of this intracellular signal, including the elements that regulate its activity. The Z-disc protein CapZ controls protein kinase C (PKC) regulation of cardiac myofilaments, but whether this effect is specific to PKC, or CapZ plays a general role in intracellular signalling, is not known. We sought to determine how the alpha isoform of PP1 (PP1alpha) regulates murine cardiac myofilaments and whether CapZ influences PP1alpha-dependent regulation of cardiac myofilaments. Immunoblot analysis showed PP1alpha binding to cardiac myofilaments. Exogenous PP1alpha increased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity and maximal actomyosin Mg2+-ATPase activity while dephosphorylating myosin binding protein C, troponin T, troponin I, and myosin light chain 2. Extraction of CapZ decreased myofilament-associated PP1alpha and attenuated the effects of PP1alpha on myofilament activation. PP1alpha-dependent dephosphorylation of myofilament proteins was reduced with CapZ extraction, except for troponin I. Extracting CapZ after PP1alpha treatment allowed most of the PP1alpha-dependent effects on myofilament activation to remain, indicating that CapZ removal modestly desensitizes cardiac myofilaments to dephosphorylation. Our results demonstrate myofilament regulation by PP1alpha and support the concept that cardiac Z-discs are vital components in intracellular signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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van der Zwaag PA, Jongbloed JD, van den Berg MP, van der Smagt JJ, Jongbloed R, Bikker H, Hofstra RM, van Tintelen JP. A genetic variants database for arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy. Hum Mutat 2009; 30:1278-83. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.21064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Boudoulas KD, Hatzopoulos AK. Cardiac repair and regeneration: the Rubik's cube of cell therapy for heart disease. Dis Model Mech 2009; 2:344-58. [PMID: 19553696 PMCID: PMC2707103 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.000240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemic injury and chronic cardiomyopathies damage healthy heart tissue. Dead cells are gradually replaced by a fibrotic scar, which disrupts the normal electromechanical continuum of the ventricular muscle and compromises its pumping capacity. Recent studies in animal models of ischemic cardiomyopathy suggest that transplantation of various stem cell preparations can improve heart recovery after injury. The first clinical trials in patients produced some encouraging results, showing modest benefits. Most of the positive effects are probably because of a favorable paracrine influence of stem cells on the disease microenvironment. Stem cell therapy attenuates inflammation, reduces apoptosis of surrounding cells, induces angiogenesis, and lessens the extent of fibrosis. However, little new heart tissue is formed. The current challenge is to find ways to improve the engraftment, long-term survival and appropriate differentiation of transplanted stem cells within the cardiovascular tissue. Hence, there has been a surge of interest in pluripotent stem cells with robust cardiogenic potential, as well as in the inherent repair and regenerative mechanisms of the heart. Recent discoveries on the biology of adult stem cells could have relevance for cardiac regeneration. Here, we discuss current developments in the field of cardiac repair and regeneration, and present our ideas about the future of stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos D. Boudoulas
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Medicine and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Antonis K. Hatzopoulos
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Medicine and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Pankuweit S, Richter A, Ruppert V, Maisch B. Familiäre Prädisposition und mikrobielle Ätiologie bei dilatativer Kardiomyopathie. Herz 2009; 34:110-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00059-009-3200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Noseworthy
- From the Cardiology Division (P.A.N., C.N.-C.), the Center for Human Genetic Research (C.N.-C.), and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.N.-C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass (C.N.-C.)
| | - Christopher Newton-Cheh
- From the Cardiology Division (P.A.N., C.N.-C.), the Center for Human Genetic Research (C.N.-C.), and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.N.-C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass (C.N.-C.)
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50
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Pankuweit S, Richter A, Ruppert V, Funck R, Maisch B. Klassifikation, genetische Prädisposition und Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung einer Kardiomyopathie. Internist (Berl) 2008; 49:441-2, 444-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00108-008-2050-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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