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Kunde SA, Schmerl B, von Sivers J, Ahmadyar E, Gupta T, Rademacher N, Zieger HL, Shoichet SA. JNK activity modulates postsynaptic scaffold protein SAP102 and kainate receptor dynamics in dendritic spines. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107263. [PMID: 38582451 PMCID: PMC11081805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Synapse formation depends on the coordinated expression and regulation of scaffold proteins. The JNK family kinases play a role in scaffold protein regulation, but the nature of this functional interaction in dendritic spines requires further investigation. Here, using a combination of biochemical methods and live-cell imaging strategies, we show that the dynamics of the synaptic scaffold molecule SAP102 are negatively regulated by JNK inhibition, that SAP102 is a direct phosphorylation target of JNK3, and that SAP102 regulation by JNK is restricted to neurons that harbor mature synapses. We further demonstrate that SAP102 and JNK3 cooperate in the regulated trafficking of kainate receptors to the cell membrane. Specifically, we observe that SAP102, JNK3, and the kainate receptor subunit GluK2 exhibit overlapping expression at synaptic sites and that modulating JNK activity influences the surface expression of the kainate receptor subunit GluK2 in a neuronal context. We also show that SAP102 participates in this process in a JNK-dependent fashion. In summary, our data support a model in which JNK-mediated regulation of SAP102 influences the dynamic trafficking of kainate receptors to postsynaptic sites, and thus shed light on common pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the cognitive developmental defects associated with diverse mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella-Amrei Kunde
- Neuroscience Research Center NWFZ, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Schmerl
- Neuroscience Research Center NWFZ, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Judith von Sivers
- Neuroscience Research Center NWFZ, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elham Ahmadyar
- Neuroscience Research Center NWFZ, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Taanisha Gupta
- Neuroscience Research Center NWFZ, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Rademacher
- Neuroscience Research Center NWFZ, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanna L Zieger
- Neuroscience Research Center NWFZ, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sarah A Shoichet
- Neuroscience Research Center NWFZ, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Huyghebaert J, Mateiu L, Elinck E, Van Rossem KE, Christiaenssen B, D'Incal CP, McCormack MK, Lazzarini A, Vandeweyer G, Kooy RF. Identification of a DLG3 stop mutation in the MRX20 family. Eur J Hum Genet 2024; 32:317-323. [PMID: 38273165 PMCID: PMC10923781 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-024-01537-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we identified the causal mutation in the MRX20 family, one of the larger X-linked pedigrees that have been described in which no gene had been identified up till now. In 1995, the putative disease gene had been mapped to the pericentromeric region on the X chromosome, but no follow-up studies were performed. Here, whole exome sequencing (WES) on two affected and one unaffected family member revealed the c.195del/p.(Thr66ProfsTer55) mutation in the DLG3 gene (NM_021120.4) that segregated with the affected individuals in the family. DLG3 mutations have been consequently associated with intellectual disability and are a plausible explanation for the clinical abnormalities observed in this family. In addition, we identified two other variants co-segregating with the phenotype: a stop gain mutation in SSX1 (c.358G>T/p.(Glu120Ter)) (NM_001278691.2) and a nonsynonymous SNV in USP27X (c.56 A>G/p.(Gln19Arg)) (NM_001145073.3). RNA sequencing revealed 14 differentially expressed genes (p value < 0.1) in 7 affected males compared to 4 unaffected males of the family, including four genes known to be associated with neurological disorders. Thus, in this paper we identified the c.195del/p.(Thr66ProfsTer55) mutation in the DLG3 gene (NM_021120.4) as likely responsible for the phenotype observed in the MRX20 family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ligia Mateiu
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ellen Elinck
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Michael K McCormack
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Virtua Health College of Medicine and Life Sciences of Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
| | - Alice Lazzarini
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Geert Vandeweyer
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - R Frank Kooy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Xie CTY, Pastore SF, Vincent JB, Frankland PW, Hamel PA. Nonsynonymous Mutations in Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder Gene PTCHD1 Disrupt N-Glycosylation and Reduce Protein Stability. Cells 2024; 13:199. [PMID: 38275824 PMCID: PMC10814814 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
PTCHD1 has been implicated in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) and/or intellectual disability, where copy-number-variant losses or loss-of-function coding mutations segregate with disease in an X-linked recessive fashion. Missense variants of PTCHD1 have also been reported in patients. However, the significance of these mutations remains undetermined since the activities, subcellular localization, and regulation of the PTCHD1 protein are currently unknown. This paucity of data concerning PTCHD1 prevents the effective evaluation of sequence variants identified during diagnostic screening. Here, we characterize PTCHD1 protein binding partners, extending previously reported interactions with postsynaptic scaffolding protein, SAP102. Six rare missense variants of PTCHD1 were also identified from patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. After modelling these variants on a hypothetical three-dimensional structure of PTCHD1, based on the solved structure of NPC1, PTCHD1 variants harboring these mutations were assessed for protein stability, post-translational processing, and protein trafficking. We show here that the wild-type PTCHD1 post-translational modification includes complex N-glycosylation and that specific mutant proteins disrupt normal N-link glycosylation processing. However, regardless of their processing, these mutants still localized to PSD95-containing dendritic processes and remained competent for complexing SAP102.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie T. Y. Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Stephen F. Pastore
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development (MiND) Lab, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1RS, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - John B. Vincent
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development (MiND) Lab, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1RS, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Paul W. Frankland
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Paul A. Hamel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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He YY, Luo S, Jin L, Wang PY, Xu J, Jiao HL, Yan HJ, Wang Y, Zhai QX, Ji JJ, Zhang WJ, Zhou P, Li H, Liao WP, Lan S, Xu L. DLG3 variants caused X-linked epilepsy with/without neurodevelopmental disorders and the genotype-phenotype correlation. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 16:1290919. [PMID: 38249294 PMCID: PMC10796462 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1290919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The DLG3 gene encodes disks large membrane-associated guanylate kinase scaffold protein 3, which plays essential roles in the clustering of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) at excitatory synapses. Previously, DLG3 has been identified as the causative gene of X-linked intellectual developmental disorder-90 (XLID-90; OMIM# 300850). This study aims to explore the phenotypic spectrum of DLG3 and the genotype-phenotype correlation. Methods Trios-based whole-exome sequencing was performed in patients with epilepsy of unknown causes. To analyze the genotype-phenotype correlations, previously reported DLG3 variants were systematically reviewed. Results DLG3 variants were identified in seven unrelated cases with epilepsy. These variants had no hemizygous frequencies in controls. All variants were predicted to be damaging by silico tools and alter the hydrogen bonds with surrounding residues and/or protein stability. Four cases mainly presented with generalized seizures, including generalized tonic-clonic and myoclonic seizures, and the other three cases exhibited secondary generalized tonic-clonic seizures and focal seizures. Multifocal discharges were recorded in all cases during electroencephalography monitoring, including the four cases with generalized discharges initially but multifocal discharges after drug treating. Protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed that DLG3 interacts with 52 genes with high confidence, in which the majority of disease-causing genes were associated with a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) and epilepsy. Three patients with variants locating outside functional domains all achieved seizure-free, while the four patients with variants locating in functional domains presented poor control of seizures. Analysis of previously reported cases revealed that patients with non-null variants presented higher percentages of epilepsy than those with null variants, suggesting a genotype-phenotype correlation. Significance This study suggested that DLG3 variants were associated with epilepsy with/without NDD, expanding the phenotypic spectrum of DLG3. The observed genotype-phenotype correlation potentially contributes to the understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving phenotypic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yan He
- Department of Neurology, Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Luo
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Jin
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Peng-Yu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Liang Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong-Jun Yan
- Epilepsy Center, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Epilepsy Center, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong-Xiang Zhai
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Ji
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weng-Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Li
- Epilepsy Center, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Ping Liao
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Lan
- Department of Neurology, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Venkatesan S, Binko MA, Mielnik CA, Ramsey AJ, Lambe EK. Deficits in integrative NMDA receptors caused by Grin1 disruption can be rescued in adulthood. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1742-1751. [PMID: 37349472 PMCID: PMC10579298 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Glutamatergic NMDA receptors (NMDAR) are critical for cognitive function, and their reduced expression leads to intellectual disability. Since subpopulations of NMDARs exist in distinct subcellular environments, their functioning may be unevenly vulnerable to genetic disruption. Here, we investigate synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDARs on the major output neurons of the prefrontal cortex in mice deficient for the obligate NMDAR subunit encoded by Grin1 and wild-type littermates. With whole-cell recording in brain slices, we find that single, low-intensity stimuli elicit surprisingly-similar glutamatergic synaptic currents in both genotypes. By contrast, clear genotype differences emerge with manipulations that recruit extrasynaptic NMDARs, including stronger, repetitive, or pharmacological stimulation. These results reveal a disproportionate functional deficit of extrasynaptic NMDARs compared to their synaptic counterparts. To probe the repercussions of this deficit, we examine an NMDAR-dependent phenomenon considered a building block of cognitive integration, basal dendrite plateau potentials. Since we find this phenomenon is readily evoked in wild-type but not in Grin1-deficient mice, we ask whether plateau potentials can be restored by an adult intervention to increase Grin1 expression. This genetic manipulation, previously shown to restore cognitive performance in adulthood, successfully rescues electrically-evoked basal dendrite plateau potentials after a lifetime of NMDAR compromise. Taken together, our work demonstrates NMDAR subpopulations are not uniformly vulnerable to the genetic disruption of their obligate subunit. Furthermore, the window for functional rescue of the more-sensitive integrative NMDARs remains open into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary A Binko
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Catharine A Mielnik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amy J Ramsey
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Evelyn K Lambe
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of OBGYN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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6
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De Los Reyes DA, Karkoutly MY, Zhang Y. Synapse-associated protein 102 - a highly mobile MAGUK predominate in early synaptogenesis. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1286134. [PMID: 37928066 PMCID: PMC10620527 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1286134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders are primarily characterized by serious structural and functional changes in excitatory glutamatergic synapses in the brain, resulting in many synaptic deficits and aberrant synapse loss. It is a big challenge to reverse these synaptic impairments as a treatment for neurological diseases in the field. Extensive research on glutamate receptors as therapeutic targets has been done but with little success shown in human trials. PSD-95-like MAGUK proteins perform a pivotal role in regulating the trafficking and stability of glutamate receptors that are important to postsynaptic structure and function. MAGUK and MAGUK-modulated synaptic pathways are becoming promising candidates for developing therapeutic targets. As a MAGUK protein, SAP102 is not understood well compared to PSD-95. Here, we review the current research on SAP102 including its synaptic functions and regulation, especially its expression and functions in the early stage of synaptogenesis and the association with neurodevelopmental disorders. This review presents valuable information for future structural and functional studies of SAP102 to reveal its roles in young and mature neurons. It provides clues for developing potential remedies to reverse synaptic impairments and strategies to grow new neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yonghong Zhang
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States
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Singh A, Ansari VA, Ansari TM, Hasan SM, Ahsan F, Singh K, Wasim R, Maheshwari S, Ahmad A. Consequence of Dementia and Cognitive Impairment by Primary Nucleation Pathway. Horm Metab Res 2023; 55:304-314. [PMID: 37130536 DOI: 10.1055/a-2052-8462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
An acquired loss of cognition in several cognitive domains that is severe enough to interfere with social or professional functioning is called dementia. As well as a moderately in-depth mental status examination by a clinician to identify impairments in memory, language, attention, visuospatial cognition, such as spatial orientation, executive function, and mood, the diagnosis of dementia requires a history evaluating for cognitive decline and impairment in daily activities, with confirmation from a close friend or family member. The start and organization of the cognitive assessment can be helped by short screening tests for cognitive impairment. Clinical presentations show that neurodegenerative diseases are often incurable because patients permanently lose some types of neurons. It has been determined through an assessment that, at best, our understanding of the underlying processes is still rudimentary, which presents exciting new targets for further study as well as the development of diagnostics and drugs. A growing body of research suggests that they also advance our knowledge of the processes that are probably crucial for maintaining the health and functionality of the brain. We concentrate on a number of the animal models of memory problems that have been mentioned in this review article because dementia has numerous etiologies. Serious neurological impairment and neuronal death are the main features of neurodegenerative illnesses, which are also extremely crippling ailments. The most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders are followed by those primary nucleation pathways responsible for cognitive impairment and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Singh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | | | - Farogh Ahsan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Rufaida Wasim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Asad Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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Neurodevelopmental Disorders Associated with PSD-95 and Its Interaction Partners. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084390. [PMID: 35457207 PMCID: PMC9025546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The postsynaptic density (PSD) is a massive protein complex, critical for synaptic strength and plasticity in excitatory neurons. Here, the scaffolding protein PSD-95 plays a crucial role as it organizes key PSD components essential for synaptic signaling, development, and survival. Recently, variants in DLG4 encoding PSD-95 were found to cause a neurodevelopmental disorder with a variety of clinical features including intellectual disability, developmental delay, and epilepsy. Genetic variants in several of the interaction partners of PSD-95 are associated with similar phenotypes, suggesting that deficient PSD-95 may affect the interaction partners, explaining the overlapping symptoms. Here, we review the transmembrane interaction partners of PSD-95 and their association with neurodevelopmental disorders. We assess how the structural changes induced by DLG4 missense variants may disrupt or alter such protein-protein interactions, and we argue that the pathological effect of DLG4 variants is, at least partly, exerted indirectly through interaction partners of PSD-95. This review presents a direction for functional studies to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of deficient PSD-95, providing clues for therapeutic strategies.
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Dalal JS, Winden KD, Salussolia CL, Sundberg M, Singh A, Pham TT, Zhou P, Pu WT, Miller MT, Sahin M. Loss of Tsc1 in cerebellar Purkinje cells induces transcriptional and translation changes in FMRP target transcripts. eLife 2021; 10:e67399. [PMID: 34259631 PMCID: PMC8279760 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder that is associated with multiple neurological manifestations. Previously, we demonstrated that Tsc1 loss in cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) can cause altered social behavior in mice. Here, we performed detailed transcriptional and translational analyses of Tsc1-deficient PCs to understand the molecular alterations in these cells. We found that target transcripts of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) are reduced in mutant PCs with evidence of increased degradation. Surprisingly, we observed unchanged ribosomal binding for many of these genes using translating ribosome affinity purification. Finally, we found that multiple FMRP targets, including SHANK2, were reduced, suggesting that compensatory increases in ribosomal binding efficiency may be unable to overcome reduced transcript levels. These data further implicate dysfunction of FMRP and its targets in TSC and suggest that treatments aimed at restoring the function of these pathways may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasbir Singh Dalal
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Kellen Diamond Winden
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Catherine Lourdes Salussolia
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Maria Sundberg
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Achint Singh
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Truc Thanh Pham
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Pingzhu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - William T Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Meghan T Miller
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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10
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Sefik E, Purcell RH, Walker EF, Bassell GJ, Mulle JG. Convergent and distributed effects of the 3q29 deletion on the human neural transcriptome. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:357. [PMID: 34131099 PMCID: PMC8206125 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3q29 deletion (3q29Del) confers high risk for schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. However, no single gene in this interval is definitively associated with disease, prompting the hypothesis that neuropsychiatric sequelae emerge upon loss of multiple functionally-connected genes. 3q29 genes are unevenly annotated and the impact of 3q29Del on the human neural transcriptome is unknown. To systematically formulate unbiased hypotheses about molecular mechanisms linking 3q29Del to neuropsychiatric illness, we conducted a systems-level network analysis of the non-pathological adult human cortical transcriptome and generated evidence-based predictions that relate 3q29 genes to novel functions and disease associations. The 21 protein-coding genes located in the interval segregated into seven clusters of highly co-expressed genes, demonstrating both convergent and distributed effects of 3q29Del across the interrogated transcriptomic landscape. Pathway analysis of these clusters indicated involvement in nervous-system functions, including synaptic signaling and organization, as well as core cellular functions, including transcriptional regulation, posttranslational modifications, chromatin remodeling, and mitochondrial metabolism. Top network-neighbors of 3q29 genes showed significant overlap with known schizophrenia, autism, and intellectual disability-risk genes, suggesting that 3q29Del biology is relevant to idiopathic disease. Leveraging "guilt by association", we propose nine 3q29 genes, including one hub gene, as prioritized drivers of neuropsychiatric risk. These results provide testable hypotheses for experimental analysis on causal drivers and mechanisms of the largest known genetic risk factor for schizophrenia and highlight the study of normal function in non-pathological postmortem tissue to further our understanding of psychiatric genetics, especially for rare syndromes like 3q29Del, where access to neural tissue from carriers is unavailable or limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Sefik
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Ryan H. Purcell
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | | | - Elaine F. Walker
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Gary J. Bassell
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Jennifer G. Mulle
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
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11
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Mazin PV, Khaitovich P, Cardoso-Moreira M, Kaessmann H. Alternative splicing during mammalian organ development. Nat Genet 2021; 53:925-934. [PMID: 33941934 PMCID: PMC8187152 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00851-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is pervasive in mammalian genomes, yet cross-species comparisons have been largely restricted to adult tissues and the functionality of most AS events remains unclear. We assessed AS patterns across pre- and postnatal development of seven organs in six mammals and a bird. Our analyses revealed that developmentally dynamic AS events, which are especially prevalent in the brain, are substantially more conserved than nondynamic ones. Cassette exons with increasing inclusion frequencies during development show the strongest signals of conserved and regulated AS. Newly emerged cassette exons are typically incorporated late in testis development, but those retained during evolution are predominantly brain specific. Our work suggests that an intricate interplay of programs controlling gene expression levels and AS is fundamental to organ development, especially for the brain and heart. In these regulatory networks, AS affords substantial functional diversification of genes through the generation of tissue- and time-specific isoforms from broadly expressed genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Mazin
- V. Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Philipp Khaitovich
- V. Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarida Cardoso-Moreira
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
| | - Henrik Kaessmann
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
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12
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Taşkıran EZ, Karaosmanoğlu B, Koşukcu C, Ürel-Demir G, Akgün-Doğan Ö, Şimşek-Kiper PÖ, Alikaşifoğlu M, Boduroğlu K, Utine GE. Diagnostic yield of whole-exome sequencing in non-syndromic intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2021; 65:577-588. [PMID: 33739554 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aetiological diagnosis in non-syndromic intellectual disability (NSID) still poses a diagnostic challenge to clinicians. METHODS Screening is currently achieved by chromosomal microarrays followed by whole-exome sequencing (WES). In search for the aetiological yield of WES in patients with NSID, 59 unrelated patients were studied. RESULTS Among the 59 patients, 44 (74.6%) were from consanguineous unions. Epilepsy was present in 11 (37.9%), behavioural problems in 12 (41.4%) and autistic features in 14 (48.3%). WES analysis resulted in molecular diagnosis in 29 patients (49.2%). Some of the genes were specific for nervous system functioning, like HERC1, TBC1D7, LINS, HECW2, DEAF1, HNMT, DLG3, NRXN1 and HUWE1. Others were ubiquitously expressed genes involved in fundamental cellular processes, like IARS, UBE3A, COQ4, TAF1, SETBP1, ARV1, ZC4H2, KAT6A, ASXL3, THOC6, HNRNPH2, TUBA8 and KIF1A. Twenty-two (75.8%) were consanguineously married; however, only 12 (41.4%) of the detected genes caused autosomal recessive phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS This cohort suggests that recessive genes probably represent an actually smaller subgroup of NSID, even among families with consanguinity. Although in societies with high consanguinity rates, considering the recessive inheritance first seems to be an advantageous strategy, de novo mutations in autosomal dominantly expressed genes represent the major aetiological group in patients with NSID, even among those patients from consanguineous families.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Z Taşkıran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - B Karaosmanoğlu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - C Koşukcu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - G Ürel-Demir
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ö Akgün-Doğan
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - P Ö Şimşek-Kiper
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Alikaşifoğlu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - K Boduroğlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - G E Utine
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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13
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Kokkonen H, Siren A, Määttä T, Kamila Kadlubowska M, Acharya A, Nouel-Saied LM, Leal SM, Järvelä I, Schrauwen I. Identification of microduplications at Xp21.2 and Xq13.1 in neurodevelopmental disorders. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1703. [PMID: 33982443 PMCID: PMC8683627 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microduplications are a rare cause of disease in X‐linked neurodevelopmental disorders but likely have been under reported due challenges in detection and interpretation. Methods We performed exome sequencing and subsequent microarray analysis in two families with a neurodevelopmental disorder. Results Here, we report on two families each with unique inherited microduplications at Xp21.2 and Xq13.1, respectively. In the first family, a 562.8‐kb duplication at Xq13.1 covering DLG3, TEX11, SLC7A3, GDPD2, and part KIF4A was identified in a boy whose phenotype was characterized by delayed speech development, mild intellectual disability (ID), mild dysmorphic facial features, a heart defect, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. By interrogating all reported Xq13.1 duplications in individuals affected with a neurodevelopmental disorder, we provide evidence that this genomic region and particularly DLG3 might be sensitive to an increased dosage. In the second family with four affected males, we found a noncontinuous 223‐ and 204‐kb duplication at Xp21.2, of which the first duplication covers exon 6 of IL1RAPL1. The phenotype of the male patients was characterized by delayed speech development, mild to moderate ID, strabismus, and neurobehavioral symptoms. The carrier daughter and her mother had learning difficulties. IL1RAPL1 shows nonrecurrent causal structural variation and is located at a common fragile site (FRAXC), prone to re‐arrangement. Conclusion In conclusion, we show that comprehensive clinical and genetic examination of microduplications on the X‐chromosome can be helpful in undiagnosed cases of neurodevelopmental disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannaleena Kokkonen
- Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab and Medical Research Centre, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Auli Siren
- Kanta-Häme Central Hospital, Hämeenlinna, Finland
| | - Tuomo Määttä
- Disability Services, Joint Authority for Kainuu, Kajaani, Finland
| | - Magda Kamila Kadlubowska
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anushree Acharya
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Liz M Nouel-Saied
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suzanne M Leal
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Taub Institute for Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irma Järvelä
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Isabelle Schrauwen
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Gao H, Tripathi U, Trushin S, Okromelidze L, Pichurin NP, Wei L, Zhuang Y, Wang L, Trushina E. A genome-wide association study in human lymphoblastoid cells supports safety of mitochondrial complex I inhibitor. Mitochondrion 2021; 58:83-94. [PMID: 33610756 PMCID: PMC8743030 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Novel therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are of the greatest priority given the consistent failure of recent clinical trials focused on Aβ or pTau. Earlier, we demonstrated that mild mitochondrial complex I inhibitor CP2 blocks neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in multiple mouse models of AD. To evaluate the safety of CP2 in humans, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 196 lymphoblastoid cell lines and identified 11 SNP loci and 64 mRNA expression probe sets that potentially associate with CP2 susceptibility. Using primary mouse neurons and pharmacokinetic study, we show that CP2 is generally safe at a therapeutic dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyao Gao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Utkarsh Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Sergey Trushin
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Lela Okromelidze
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Nicholas P Pichurin
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Lixuan Wei
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Yongxian Zhuang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Liewei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Eugenia Trushina
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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15
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Crosstalk among Calcium ATPases: PMCA, SERCA and SPCA in Mental Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062785. [PMID: 33801794 PMCID: PMC8000800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium in mammalian neurons is essential for developmental processes, neurotransmitter release, apoptosis, and signal transduction. Incorrectly processed Ca2+ signal is well-known to trigger a cascade of events leading to altered response to variety of stimuli and persistent accumulation of pathological changes at the molecular level. To counterbalance potentially detrimental consequences of Ca2+, neurons are equipped with sophisticated mechanisms that function to keep its concentration in a tightly regulated range. Calcium pumps belonging to the P-type family of ATPases: plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA), sarco/endoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) and secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPase (SPCA) are considered efficient line of defense against abnormal Ca2+ rises. However, their role is not limited only to Ca2+ transport, as they present tissue-specific functionality and unique sensitive to the regulation by the main calcium signal decoding protein—calmodulin (CaM). Based on the available literature, in this review we analyze the contribution of these three types of Ca2+-ATPases to neuropathology, with a special emphasis on mental diseases.
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16
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DLG4-related synaptopathy: a new rare brain disorder. Genet Med 2021; 23:888-899. [PMID: 33597769 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-01075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95), encoded by DLG4, regulates excitatory synaptic function in the brain. Here we present the clinical and genetic features of 53 patients (42 previously unpublished) with DLG4 variants. METHODS The clinical and genetic information were collected through GeneMatcher collaboration. All the individuals were investigated by local clinicians and the gene variants were identified by clinical exome/genome sequencing. RESULTS The clinical picture was predominated by early onset global developmental delay, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, all of which point to a brain disorder. Marfanoid habitus, which was previously suggested to be a characteristic feature of DLG4-related phenotypes, was found in only nine individuals and despite some overlapping features, a distinct facial dysmorphism could not be established. Of the 45 different DLG4 variants, 39 were predicted to lead to loss of protein function and the majority occurred de novo (four with unknown origin). The six missense variants identified were suggested to lead to structural or functional changes by protein modeling studies. CONCLUSION The present study shows that clinical manifestations associated with DLG4 overlap with those found in other neurodevelopmental disorders of synaptic dysfunction; thus, we designate this group of disorders as DLG4-related synaptopathy.
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17
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Quilter CR, Harvey KM, Bauer J, Skinner BM, Gomez M, Shrivastava M, Doel AM, Drammeh S, Dunger DB, Moore SE, Ong KK, Prentice AM, Bernstein RM, Sargent CA, Affara NA. Identification of methylation changes associated with positive and negative growth deviance in Gambian infants using a targeted methyl sequencing approach of genomic DNA. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:205-230. [PMID: 33842847 PMCID: PMC8019263 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Low birthweight and reduced height gain during infancy (stunting) may arise at least in part from adverse early life environments that trigger epigenetic reprogramming that may favor survival. We examined differential DNA methylation patterns using targeted methyl sequencing of regions regulating gene activity in groups of rural Gambian infants: (a) low and high birthweight (DNA from cord blood (n = 16 and n = 20, respectively), from placental trophoblast tissue (n = 21 and n = 20, respectively), and DNA from peripheral blood collected from infants at 12 months of age (n = 23 and n = 17, respectively)), and, (b) the top 10% showing rapid postnatal length gain (high, n = 20) and the bottom 10% showing slow postnatal length gain (low, n = 20) based on z score change between birth and 12 months of age (LAZ) (DNA from peripheral blood collected from infants at 12 months of age). Using BiSeq analysis to identify significant methylation marks, for birthweight, four differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified in trophoblast DNA, compared to 68 DMRs in cord blood DNA, and 54 DMRs in 12‐month peripheral blood DNA. Twenty‐five DMRs were observed to be associated with high and low length for age (LAZ) at 12 months. With the exception of five loci (associated with two different genes), there was no overlap between these groups of methylation marks. Of the 194 CpG methylation marks contained within DMRs, 106 were located to defined gene regulatory elements (promoters, CTCF‐binding sites, transcription factor‐binding sites, and enhancers), 58 to gene bodies (introns or exons), and 30 to intergenic DNA. Distinct methylation patterns associated with birthweight between comparison groups were observed in DNA collected at birth (at the end of intrauterine growth window) compared to those established by 12 months (near the infancy/childhood growth transition). The longitudinal differences in methylation patterns may arise from methylation adjustments, changes in cellular composition of blood or both that continue during the critical postnatal growth period, and in response to early nutritional and infectious environmental exposures with impacts on growth and longer‐term health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire R Quilter
- Department of Pathology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK.,Present address: East Midlands & East of England NHS Genomic Laboratory Hub, Genomics Laboratories Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Cambridge UK
| | - Kerry M Harvey
- Department of Pathology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Julien Bauer
- Department of Pathology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Benjamin M Skinner
- Department of Pathology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK.,School of Life Sciences University of Essex Colchester UK
| | - Maria Gomez
- Department of Pathology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK.,Present address: Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Manu Shrivastava
- Department of Pathology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK.,Present address: Oxford University Hospitals Oxford UK
| | - Andrew M Doel
- Department of Women and Children's Health King's College London London UK.,MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Banjul The Gambia
| | - Saikou Drammeh
- MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Banjul The Gambia
| | - David B Dunger
- MRC Epidemiology Unit University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine Cambridge UK
| | - Sophie E Moore
- Department of Women and Children's Health King's College London London UK.,MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Banjul The Gambia
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine Cambridge UK.,Department of Paediatrics University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine Cambridge UK.,Institute of Metabolic Science Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Andrew M Prentice
- MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Banjul The Gambia
| | - Robin M Bernstein
- Growth and Development Lab Department of Anthropology University of Colorado Boulder CO USA.,Institute of Behavioural Science University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
| | | | - Nabeel A Affara
- Department of Pathology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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18
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Lindner M, Laine VN, Verhagen I, Viitaniemi HM, Visser ME, van Oers K, Husby A. Rapid changes in DNA methylation associated with the initiation of reproduction in a small songbird. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:3645-3659. [PMID: 33453134 PMCID: PMC8359384 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Species with a circannual life cycle need to match the timing of their life history events to the environment to maximize fitness. However, our understanding of how circannual traits such as timing of reproduction are regulated on a molecular level remains limited. Recent studies have implicated that epigenetic mechanisms can be an important part in the processes that regulate circannual traits. Here, we explore the role of DNA methylation in mediating reproductive timing in a seasonally breeding bird species, the great tit (Parus major), using genome‐wide DNA methylation data from individual females that were blood sampled repeatedly throughout the breeding season. We demonstrate rapid and directional changes in DNA methylation within the promoter region of several genes, including a key transcription factor (NR5A1) known from earlier studies to be involved in the initiation of timing of reproduction. Interestingly, the observed changes in DNA methylation at NR5A1 identified here are in line with earlier gene expression studies of reproduction in chicken, indicating that the observed shifts in DNA methylation at this gene can have a regulatory role. Our findings provide an important step towards elucidating the genomic mechanism that mediates seasonal timing of a key life history traits and provide support for the idea that epigenetic mechanisms may play an important role in circannual traits. see also the Perspective by Melanie J. Heckwolf and Britta S. Meyer
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Lindner
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Veronika N Laine
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irene Verhagen
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heidi M Viitaniemi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme (OEB), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marcel E Visser
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kees van Oers
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arild Husby
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme (OEB), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,Evolutionary Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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19
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3q29 microduplication syndrome: Clinical and molecular description of eleven new cases. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:104083. [PMID: 33039685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.104083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial duplications of 3q29 have recently been described in association with a new genetic syndrome characterized by a neurodevelopmental phenotype. A total of 16 individuals with the 3q29 duplication have been reported in the literature with clinical features that include intellectual disability, language delay, epilepsy, structural brain anomalies, micro/macrocephaly, generalized obesity, ocular abnormalities, distinctive facial features, cleft palate, and musculoskeletal anomalies. In this paper, we summarize the current literature and present eleven additional cases from nine families with the 3q29 microduplication identified by microarray analysis at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics. Three diagnoses were made prenatally, making this the first case series to describe 3q29 duplications incidentally identified during the prenatal period. We further delineate the minimal region of overlap previously described in the literature and explore the modifying effects of "second hit" genetic aberrations, which were frequent in our cohort.
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20
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Tamberg L, Jaago M, Säälik K, Sirp A, Tuvikene J, Shubina A, Kiir CS, Nurm K, Sepp M, Timmusk T, Palgi M. Daughterless, the Drosophila orthologue of TCF4, is required for associative learning and maintenance of the synaptic proteome. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm042747. [PMID: 32641419 PMCID: PMC7406316 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.042747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian transcription factor 4 (TCF4) has been linked to schizophrenia and intellectual disabilities, such as Pitt-Hopkins syndrome (PTHS). Here, we show that similarly to mammalian TCF4, fruit fly orthologue Daughterless (Da) is expressed widely in the Drosophila brain. Furthermore, silencing of da, using several central nervous system-specific Gal4 driver lines, impairs appetitive associative learning of the larvae and leads to decreased levels of the synaptic proteins Synapsin (Syn) and Discs large 1 (Dlg1), suggesting the involvement of Da in memory formation. Here, we demonstrate that Syn and dlg1 are direct target genes of Da in adult Drosophila heads, as Da binds to the regulatory regions of these genes and the modulation of Da levels alter the levels of Syn and dlg1 mRNA. Silencing of da also affects negative geotaxis of the adult flies, suggesting the impairment of locomotor function. Overall, our findings suggest that Da regulates Drosophila larval memory and adult negative geotaxis, possibly via its synaptic target genes Syn and dlg1 These behavioural phenotypes can be further used as a PTHS model to screen for therapeutics.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tamberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Mariliis Jaago
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
- Protobios LLC, Mäealuse 4, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Kristi Säälik
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Alex Sirp
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Jürgen Tuvikene
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
- Protobios LLC, Mäealuse 4, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Anastassia Shubina
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Carl Sander Kiir
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Kaja Nurm
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Mari Sepp
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Tõnis Timmusk
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
- Protobios LLC, Mäealuse 4, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Mari Palgi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
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21
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Alberry BLJ, Castellani CA, Singh SM. Hippocampal transcriptome analysis following maternal separation implicates altered RNA processing in a mouse model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. J Neurodev Disord 2020; 12:15. [PMID: 32416732 PMCID: PMC7231420 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-020-09316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are common, seen in 1–5% of the population in the USA and Canada. Children diagnosed with FASD are not likely to remain with their biological parents, facing early maternal separation and foster placements throughout childhood. Methods We model FASD in mice via prenatal alcohol exposure and further induce early life stress through maternal separation. We use RNA-seq followed by clustering of expression profiles through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to analyze transcriptomic changes that result from the treatments. We use reverse transcription qPCR to validate these changes in the mouse hippocampus. Results We report an association between adult hippocampal gene expression and prenatal ethanol exposure followed by postnatal separation stress that is related to behavioral changes. Expression profile clustering using WGCNA identifies a set of transcripts, module 19, associated with anxiety-like behavior (r = 0.79, p = 0.002) as well as treatment group (r = 0.68, p = 0.015). Genes in this module are overrepresented by genes involved in transcriptional regulation and other pathways related to neurodevelopment. Interestingly, one member of this module, Polr2a, polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide A, is downregulated by the combination of prenatal ethanol and postnatal stress in an RNA-Seq experiment and qPCR validation (q = 2e−12, p = 0.004, respectively). Conclusions Together, transcriptional control in the hippocampus is implicated as a potential underlying mechanism leading to anxiety-like behavior via environmental insults. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanism involved and use this insight towards early diagnosis and amelioration strategies involving children born with FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie L J Alberry
- Department of Biology, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Christina A Castellani
- McKusick-Nathans Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shiva M Singh
- Department of Biology, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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Mohan V, Sullivan CS, Guo J, Wade SD, Majumder S, Agarwal A, Anton ES, Temple BS, Maness PF. Temporal Regulation of Dendritic Spines Through NrCAM-Semaphorin3F Receptor Signaling in Developing Cortical Pyramidal Neurons. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:963-977. [PMID: 29415226 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuron-glial related cell adhesion molecule NrCAM is a newly identified negative regulator of spine density that genetically interacts with Semaphorin3F (Sema3F), and is implicated in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). To investigate a role for NrCAM in spine pruning during the critical adolescent period when networks are established, we generated novel conditional, inducible NrCAM mutant mice (Nex1Cre-ERT2: NrCAMflox/flox). We demonstrate that NrCAM functions cell autonomously during adolescence in pyramidal neurons to restrict spine density in the visual (V1) and medial frontal cortex (MFC). Guided by molecular modeling, we found that NrCAM promoted clustering of the Sema3F holoreceptor complex by interfacing with Neuropilin-2 (Npn2) and PDZ scaffold protein SAP102. NrCAM-induced receptor clustering stimulated the Rap-GAP activity of PlexinA3 (PlexA3) within the holoreceptor complex, which in turn, inhibited Rap1-GTPase and inactivated adhesive β1 integrins, essential for Sema3F-induced spine pruning. These results define a developmental function for NrCAM in Sema3F receptor signaling that limits dendritic spine density on cortical pyramidal neurons during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwa Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chelsea S Sullivan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jiami Guo
- UNC Neuroscience Center and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah D Wade
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Samarpan Majumder
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amit Agarwal
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Eva S Anton
- UNC Neuroscience Center and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brenda S Temple
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Patricia F Maness
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Matis T, Michaud V, Van-Gils J, Raclet V, Plaisant C, Fergelot P, Lasseaux E, Arveiler B, Trimouille A. Triple diagnosis of Wiedemann-Steiner, Waardenburg and DLG3-related intellectual disability association found by WES: A case report. J Gene Med 2020; 22:e3197. [PMID: 32246869 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for clinical purposes now allows the identification of multiple pathogenic variants in patients with a rare disease. This occurs even when a single causative gene was initially suspected. We report the case of an 8-year-old patient with global developmental delays and dysmorphic features, with a possibly pathogenic variant in three distinct genes. METHODS Trio-based exome sequencing was performed by IntegraGen SA (Evry, France), on an Illumina HiSeq4000 (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). Sanger sequencing was performed to confirm the variants that were found. RESULTS WES showed the presence of three possibly deleterious variants: KMT2A: c.9068delA;p.Gln3023Argfs*3 de novo, PAX3: c.530C>G;p.Ala177Gly de novo and DLG3: c.127delG;p.Asp43Metfs*22 hemizygous inherited from the mother. KMT2A pathogenic variants are involved in Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome, and PAX3 is the gene responsible for Waardenburg syndrome. DLG3 variants have been described in a non-syndromic X-related intellectual disability. CONCLUSIONS Considering the dysmorphic features and intellectual disability presented by this patient, these three variants were imputed as pathogenic and their association was considered responsible for his phenotype. Dual molecular diagnoses have already been found by WES in several cohorts with an average of diagnostic yield of 7%. This case demonstrates and reminds us of the importance of analyzing exomes rigorously and exhaustively because, in some cases (< 10%), it can explain superimposed traits or blended phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Matis
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Michaud
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Van-Gils
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Virginie Raclet
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | - Benoit Arveiler
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Streata I, Riza AL, Sosoi S, Burada F, Ioana M. Phenotype Heterogeneity in 3q29 Microduplication Syndrome. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2020; 46:193-197. [PMID: 32874693 PMCID: PMC7445637 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.46.02.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
3q29 microduplication syndrome is characterized by widely variable clinical presentation, but generally mild features. Developmental delay, particularly speech, and intellectual disability, eye abnormalities and heart defects are more frequently seen in affected individuals, although it is difficult to delineate a recognisable pattern. We describe a clinical case with a 1.65Mb duplication at 3q29 (chr3:195,979,518-197,638,922, GRCh37) identified by aCGH. The uncharacteristically late onset of the 34 years-old woman is marked by mild intellectual disability, progressive cortical atrophy and recurrent mucosal infections with Candida albicans. The gene content of the duplicated region-29 genes, including PAK2, DLG1, BDH1, FBXO45 and TFRC-seems closely linked to neuronal development and synaptic function, explaining brain and eye development related findings. We speculate on the possible involvement of genes like RNF168 in the aetiology of immunodeficiency. In-depth studies are needed to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to the traits seen in this very rare syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Streata
- Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- Regional Centre of Medical Genetics Dolj, County Clinical Emergency Hospital Craiova, Romania
| | - Anca-Lelia Riza
- Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- Regional Centre of Medical Genetics Dolj, County Clinical Emergency Hospital Craiova, Romania
| | - Simona Sosoi
- Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- Regional Centre of Medical Genetics Dolj, County Clinical Emergency Hospital Craiova, Romania
| | - Florin Burada
- Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- Regional Centre of Medical Genetics Dolj, County Clinical Emergency Hospital Craiova, Romania
| | - Mihai Ioana
- Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- Regional Centre of Medical Genetics Dolj, County Clinical Emergency Hospital Craiova, Romania
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Alberry BL, Singh SM. Hippocampal DNA Methylation in a Mouse Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder That Includes Maternal Separation Stress Only Partially Explains Changes in Gene Expression. Front Genet 2020; 11:70. [PMID: 32174962 PMCID: PMC7056727 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is characterized by developmental and behavioral deficits caused by maternal drinking during pregnancy. Children born with FASD often face additional stresses, including maternal separation, that add yet additional deficits. The mechanism associated with this interaction is not known. We have used a mouse model for prenatal ethanol exposure and maternal separation to demonstrate that the combination of the two treatments results in more than additive deficits. Furthermore, the behavioral deficits are associated with changes in hippocampal gene expression that persist into adulthood. What initiates and maintains these changes remains to be established and forms the focus of this report. Specifically, MeDIP-Seq was used to assess if changes in promoter DNA methylation are affected by exposure to prenatal ethanol and maternal separation including its relationship to gene expression. The novel results show that different sets of genes implicated by promoter DNA methylation are affected by both treatments independently, and a relatively unique set of genes are affected by the combination of the two treatments. Prenatal ethanol exposure leads to altered promoter DNA methylation at genes important for transcriptional regulation. Maternal separation leads to changes at genes important for histone methylation and immune response, and the combination of two treatments results in DNA methylation changes at genes important for neuronal migration and immune response. Our dual results from the same hippocampal samples suggest there is minimal complementarity between changes in promoter DNA methylation and gene expression, although genes involved tend to be critical for brain development and function. While remaining to be validated, such results argue that mechanisms beyond promoter DNA methylation must be involved in lasting gene expression alterations leading to behavioral deficits implicated in FASD. They may facilitate early and reliable diagnosis, as well as novel strategies for the amelioration of FASD-related deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shiva M. Singh
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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26
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He QL, Deng HS, Xu LS, Zhu JJ, Ni HD, Wang TT, Wang YG, Shen H, Pan H, Yao M. SAP102 contributes to hyperalgesia formation in the cancer induced bone pain rat model by anchoring NMDA receptors. Neurosci Lett 2020; 714:134595. [PMID: 31682872 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of cancer induced bone pain (CIBP) is extremely complex, and glutamate receptor dysfunction plays an important role in the formation of CIBP. Synapse-associated protein 102 (SAP102) anchors glutamate receptors in the postsynaptic membrane. However, its effect on hyperalgesia formation in CIBP has not been clarified. This study investigated the role of SAP102 in the formation of hyperalgesia in rats with CIBP SAP102 is present in spinal dorsal horn neurons, but not in astrocytes or microglia. NMDAR-NR2B is localized with neurons. In addition, SAP102 and NMDAR-NR2B expression levels in spinal dorsal horn tissues were detected by Western blot and co-immunoprecipitation. Intrathecal injection of lentiviral vector of RNAi to knockdown SAP102 expression in the spinal dorsal horn significantly attenuated abnormal mechanic pain when compared to non-coding lentiviral vector. These findings indicate that SAP102 can anchor NMDA receptors to affect hyperalgesia formation in bone cancer pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Li He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, PR China; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, PR China
| | - Hou-Sheng Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chenzhou NO.1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, 423000, PR China
| | - Long-Sheng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, PR China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, PR China; The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Hua-Dong Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, PR China
| | - Ting-Ting Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, PR China; The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yun-Gong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, 412000, PR China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, PR China
| | - Huan Pan
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, PR China
| | - Ming Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, PR China.
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Translating preclinical findings in clinically relevant new antipsychotic targets: focus on the glutamatergic postsynaptic density. Implications for treatment resistant schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:795-827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Verma S, Bakshi D, Sharma V, Sharma I, Shah R, Bhat A, Bhat GR, Sharma B, Wakhloo A, Kaul S, Heer V, Bhat A, Abrol D, Verma V, Kumar R. Genetic variants of DNAH11 and LRFN2 genes and their association with ovarian and breast cancer. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2019; 148:118-122. [PMID: 31605628 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of newly identified genetic variants G>A (rs2285947) of the DNAH11 gene and G>A (rs2494938) of the LRFN2 gene with ovarian and breast cancers in women belonging to Jammu and Kashmir state, where the prevalence of ovarian and breast cancers is remarkably high in the population. METHODS A candidate gene prospective case-control association study design was adopted, in which 354 cases (219 cases of ovarian cancer and 135 cases of breast cancer) were histopathologically confirmed and 330 healthy controls matched for age and ethnicity were recruited. The details of cases and controls were also recorded in a predesigned pro forma after their written informed consent. Both variants were genotyped by TaqMan allele discrimination assay using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the corrected odds ratio (OR), confidence interval (CI), and level of significance (P value) for potential confounding factors. RESULTS The rs2285947 variant of DNAH11 was found to be significantly associated with both ovarian and breast cancers with adjusted ORs of 1.7 (95% CI 1.2-2.4; P=0.004) and 1.70 (95% CI 1.13-2.54; P=0.0009), respectively. However, no significant association of variant rs2494938 of LRFN2 was observed with ovarian cancer (estimated OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.6-1.4; P=0.919) or breast cancer (estimated OR 1.27, 95% CI 0.8-1.9; P=0.216). CONCLUSIONS The collected data proposed that the variant rs2285947 of DNAH11 gene is a potential risk factor for ovarian and breast cancers in the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Verma
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Divya Bakshi
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Varun Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Indu Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ruchi Shah
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Amrita Bhat
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ghulam Rasool Bhat
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bhanu Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ajay Wakhloo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sandeep Kaul
- Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Vikas Heer
- Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Audesh Bhat
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Deepak Abrol
- Department of Radiotherapy, Government Medical College, Kathua, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Vijeshwar Verma
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Sandestig A, Green A, Aronsson J, Ellnebo K, Stefanova M. A Novel DLG3 Mutation Expanding the Phenotype of X-Linked Intellectual Disability Caused by DLG3 Nonsense Variants. Mol Syndromol 2019; 10:281-285. [PMID: 32021600 DOI: 10.1159/000502601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The DLG3 gene is located at Xq13.1 and encodes SAP102, a member of the MAGUK protein family, extensively expressed in the brain and involved in synaptic function. Mutations in DLG3 are associated with a rare nonsyndromic form of X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) and have been described in 11 families to date. All affected males presented with intellectual disability, and some showed additional clinical features. The majority of female carriers were reported asymptomatic or mildly affected, due to skewed X-inactivation, rarely severely affected. We report a family, a boy and his mother, with a novel nonsense mutation in the DLG3 gene, c.1720C>T; p.Arg574*. The boy, hemizygous for the variant, showed intellectual disability, short stature due to growth hormone deficiency, dysmorphic features, and pectus excavatum. The mother, who presented with learning disabilities and borderline cognitive development, is a heterozygous carrier of the variant, which had arisen de novo. X-inactivation test was noninformative. This case report broadens the phenotypic spectrum of XLID caused by DLG3 nonsense variants. The dysmorphic features of the affected males may be more frequent than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sandestig
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Green
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Aronsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Katarina Ellnebo
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Margarita Stefanova
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
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30
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Challenges in the clinical interpretation of small de novo copy number variants in neurodevelopmental disorders. Gene 2019; 706:162-171. [PMID: 31085274 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In clinical genetics, the need to discriminate between benign and pathogenic variants identified in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders is an absolute necessity. Copy number variants (CNVs) of small size can enable the identification of genes that are critical for neurologic development. However, assigning a definite association with a specific disorder is a difficult task. Among 328 trios analyzed over seven years of activity in a single laboratory, we identified 19 unrelated patients (5.8%) who carried a small (<500 kb) de novo CNV. Four patients had an additional independent de novo CNV. Nine had a variant that could be assigned as definitely pathogenic, whereas the remaining CNVs were considered as variants of unknown significance (VUS). We report clinical and molecular findings of patients harboring VUS. We reviewed the medical literature available for genes impacted by CNVs, obtained the probability of truncating loss-of-function intolerance, and compared overlapping CNVs reported in databases. The classification of small non-recurrent CNVs remains difficult but, among our findings, we provide support for a role of SND1 in the susceptibility of autism, describe a new case of the rare 17p13.1 microduplication syndrome, and report an X-linked duplication involving KIF4A and DLG3 as a likely cause of epilepsy.
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Grant SGN. Synapse molecular complexity and the plasticity behaviour problem. Brain Neurosci Adv 2018; 2:2398212818810685. [PMID: 32166154 PMCID: PMC7058196 DOI: 10.1177/2398212818810685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Synapses are the hallmark of brain complexity and have long been thought of as simple connectors between neurons. We are now in an era in which we know the full complement of synapse proteins and this has created an existential crisis because the molecular complexity far exceeds the requirements of most simple models of synaptic function. Studies of the organisation of proteome complexity and its evolution provide surprising new insights that challenge existing dogma and promote the development of new theories about the origins and role of synapses in behaviour. The postsynaptic proteome of excitatory synapses is a structure with high molecular complexity and sophisticated computational properties that is disrupted in over 130 brain diseases. A key goal of 21st-century neuroscience is to develop comprehensive molecular datasets on the brain and develop theories that explain the molecular basis of behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth G N Grant
- Genes to Cognition Programme, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Bayés À. Setting the stage for a role of the postsynaptic proteome in inherited neurometabolic disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:1093-1101. [PMID: 30132229 PMCID: PMC6326985 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-018-0240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitter diseases are a well-defined group of metabolic conditions caused, in most instances, by genes specifically expressed in the presynaptic button. Better understanding of presynaptic molecular physiology, both in normal and pathological conditions, should help develop therapeutical strategies. The clinical relevance of the presynapse in inherited metabolic disorders is in glaring contrast with that of the postsynaptic component, which so far does not seem to play a relevant role in these disorders. This is somewhat surprising, as postsynaptic proteins are known to be involved in many nervous system diseases, particularly in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. The goal of this article is to explore if defects in the sophisticated postsynaptic machinery could also have a role in neurometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àlex Bayés
- Molecular Physiology of the Synapse Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), C/Sant Antoni M. Claret, 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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Liu M, Shi R, Hwang H, Han KS, Wong MH, Ren X, Lewis LD, Brown EN, Xu W. SAP102 regulates synaptic AMPAR function through a CNIH-2-dependent mechanism. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:1578-1586. [PMID: 30067114 PMCID: PMC6230800 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00731.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The postsynaptic density (PSD)-95-like, disk-large (DLG) membrane-associated guanylate kinase (PSD/DLG-MAGUK) family of proteins scaffold α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) complexes to the postsynaptic compartment and are postulated to orchestrate activity-dependent modulation of synaptic AMPAR functions. SAP102 is a key member of this family, present from early development, before PSD-95 and PSD-93, and throughout life. Here we investigate the role of SAP102 in synaptic transmission using a cell-restricted molecular replacement strategy, where SAP102 is expressed against the background of acute knockdown of endogenous PSD-95. We show that SAP102 rescues the decrease of AMPAR-mediated evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (AMPAR eEPSCs) and AMPAR miniature EPSC (AMPAR mEPSC) frequency caused by acute knockdown of PSD-95. Further analysis of the mini events revealed that PSD-95-to-SAP102 replacement but not direct manipulation of PSD-95 increases the AMPAR mEPSC decay time. SAP102-mediated rescue of AMPAR eEPSCs requires AMPAR auxiliary subunit cornichon-2, whereas cornichon-2 knockdown did not affect PSD-95-mediated regulation of AMPAR eEPSC. Combining these observations, our data elucidate that PSD-95 and SAP102 differentially influence basic synaptic properties and synaptic current kinetics potentially via different AMPAR auxiliary subunits. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Synaptic scaffold proteins postsynaptic density (PSD)-95-like, disk-large (DLG) membrane-associated guanylate kinase (PSD-MAGUKs) regulate synaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) function. However, the functional diversity among different PSD-MAGUKs remains to be categorized. We show that distinct from PSD-95, SAP102 increase the AMPAR synaptic current decay time, and the effect of SAP102 on synaptic AMPAR function requires the AMPAR auxiliary subunit cornichon-2. Our data suggest that PSD-MAGUKs target and modulate different AMPAR complexes to exert specific experience-dependent modification of the excitatory circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingna Liu
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca Shi
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Hongik Hwang
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kyung Seok Han
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Man Ho Wong
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaobai Ren
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Laura D Lewis
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
- MIT-Harvard Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Emery N Brown
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
- MIT-Harvard Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Zhu F, Cizeron M, Qiu Z, Benavides-Piccione R, Kopanitsa MV, Skene NG, Koniaris B, DeFelipe J, Fransén E, Komiyama NH, Grant SGN. Architecture of the Mouse Brain Synaptome. Neuron 2018; 99:781-799.e10. [PMID: 30078578 PMCID: PMC6117470 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Synapses are found in vast numbers in the brain and contain complex proteomes. We developed genetic labeling and imaging methods to examine synaptic proteins in individual excitatory synapses across all regions of the mouse brain. Synapse catalogs were generated from the molecular and morphological features of a billion synapses. Each synapse subtype showed a unique anatomical distribution, and each brain region showed a distinct signature of synapse subtypes. Whole-brain synaptome cartography revealed spatial architecture from dendritic to global systems levels and previously unknown anatomical features. Synaptome mapping of circuits showed correspondence between synapse diversity and structural and functional connectomes. Behaviorally relevant patterns of neuronal activity trigger spatiotemporal postsynaptic responses sensitive to the structure of synaptome maps. Areas controlling higher cognitive function contain the greatest synapse diversity, and mutations causing cognitive disorders reorganized synaptome maps. Synaptome technology and resources have wide-ranging application in studies of the normal and diseased brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhu
- Genes to Cognition Program, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, UK
| | - Mélissa Cizeron
- Genes to Cognition Program, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, INSERM U-1217, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Zhen Qiu
- Genes to Cognition Program, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Ruth Benavides-Piccione
- Instituto Cajal (CSIC) 28002 Madrid, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica (UPM) 28223 Madrid; CIBERNED, ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maksym V Kopanitsa
- Synome Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nathan G Skene
- Genes to Cognition Program, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, UK; Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Babis Koniaris
- Genes to Cognition Program, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Javier DeFelipe
- Instituto Cajal (CSIC) 28002 Madrid, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica (UPM) 28223 Madrid; CIBERNED, ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Erik Fransén
- Department of Computational Science and Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noboru H Komiyama
- Genes to Cognition Program, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Seth G N Grant
- Genes to Cognition Program, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK.
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Soler J, Fañanás L, Parellada M, Krebs MO, Rouleau GA, Fatjó-Vilas M. Genetic variability in scaffolding proteins and risk for schizophrenia and autism-spectrum disorders: a systematic review. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2018; 43:223-244. [PMID: 29947605 PMCID: PMC6019351 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.170066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaffolding proteins represent an evolutionary solution to controlling the specificity of information transfer in intracellular networks. They are highly concentrated in complexes located in specific subcellular locations. One of these complexes is the postsynaptic density of the excitatory synapses. There, scaffolding proteins regulate various processes related to synaptic plasticity, such as glutamate receptor trafficking and signalling, and dendritic structure and function. Most scaffolding proteins can be grouped into 4 main families: discs large (DLG), discs-large-associated protein (DLGAP), Shank and Homer. Owing to the importance of scaffolding proteins in postsynaptic density architecture, it is not surprising that variants in the genes that code for these proteins have been associated with neuropsychiatric diagnoses, including schizophrenia and autism-spectrum disorders. Such evidence, together with the clinical, neurobiological and genetic overlap described between schizophrenia and autism-spectrum disorders, suggest that alteration of scaffolding protein dynamics could be part of the pathophysiology of both. However, despite the potential importance of scaffolding proteins in these psychiatric conditions, no systematic review has integrated the genetic and molecular data from studies conducted in the last decade. This review has the following goals: to systematically analyze the literature in which common and/or rare genetic variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms, single nucleotide variants and copy number variants) in the scaffolding family genes are associated with the risk for either schizophrenia or autism-spectrum disorders; to explore the implications of the reported genetic variants for gene expression and/or protein function; and to discuss the relationship of these genetic variants to the shared genetic, clinical and cognitive traits of schizophrenia and autism-spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Soler
- From the Secció Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Dept Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Spain (Soler, Fañanás, Fatjó-Vilas); the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain (Soler, Fañanás, Parellada, Fatjó-Vilas); Servicio de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (Parellada); the Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Krebs); the Université Paris Descartes, Inserm Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Maladies Psychiatriques, Paris, France (Krebs); the CNRS, GDR 3557, Institut de Psychiatrie, Paris, France (Krebs); the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC (Rouleau); and the FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain (Fatjó-Vilas)
| | - Lourdes Fañanás
- From the Secció Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Dept Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Spain (Soler, Fañanás, Fatjó-Vilas); the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain (Soler, Fañanás, Parellada, Fatjó-Vilas); Servicio de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (Parellada); the Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Krebs); the Université Paris Descartes, Inserm Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Maladies Psychiatriques, Paris, France (Krebs); the CNRS, GDR 3557, Institut de Psychiatrie, Paris, France (Krebs); the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC (Rouleau); and the FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain (Fatjó-Vilas)
| | - Mara Parellada
- From the Secció Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Dept Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Spain (Soler, Fañanás, Fatjó-Vilas); the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain (Soler, Fañanás, Parellada, Fatjó-Vilas); Servicio de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (Parellada); the Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Krebs); the Université Paris Descartes, Inserm Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Maladies Psychiatriques, Paris, France (Krebs); the CNRS, GDR 3557, Institut de Psychiatrie, Paris, France (Krebs); the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC (Rouleau); and the FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain (Fatjó-Vilas)
| | - Marie-Odile Krebs
- From the Secció Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Dept Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Spain (Soler, Fañanás, Fatjó-Vilas); the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain (Soler, Fañanás, Parellada, Fatjó-Vilas); Servicio de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (Parellada); the Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Krebs); the Université Paris Descartes, Inserm Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Maladies Psychiatriques, Paris, France (Krebs); the CNRS, GDR 3557, Institut de Psychiatrie, Paris, France (Krebs); the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC (Rouleau); and the FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain (Fatjó-Vilas)
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- From the Secció Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Dept Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Spain (Soler, Fañanás, Fatjó-Vilas); the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain (Soler, Fañanás, Parellada, Fatjó-Vilas); Servicio de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (Parellada); the Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Krebs); the Université Paris Descartes, Inserm Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Maladies Psychiatriques, Paris, France (Krebs); the CNRS, GDR 3557, Institut de Psychiatrie, Paris, France (Krebs); the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC (Rouleau); and the FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain (Fatjó-Vilas)
| | - Mar Fatjó-Vilas
- From the Secció Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Dept Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Spain (Soler, Fañanás, Fatjó-Vilas); the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain (Soler, Fañanás, Parellada, Fatjó-Vilas); Servicio de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (Parellada); the Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Krebs); the Université Paris Descartes, Inserm Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Maladies Psychiatriques, Paris, France (Krebs); the CNRS, GDR 3557, Institut de Psychiatrie, Paris, France (Krebs); the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC (Rouleau); and the FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain (Fatjó-Vilas)
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Luo J, Norris RH, Gordon SL, Nithianantharajah J. Neurodevelopmental synaptopathies: Insights from behaviour in rodent models of synapse gene mutations. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:424-439. [PMID: 29217145 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The genomic revolution has begun to unveil the enormous complexity and heterogeneity of the genetic basis of neurodevelopmental disorders such as such epilepsy, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Increasingly, human mutations in synapse genes are being identified across these disorders. These neurodevelopmental synaptopathies highlight synaptic homeostasis pathways as a convergence point underlying disease mechanisms. Here, we review some of the key pre- and postsynaptic genes in which penetrant human mutations have been identified in neurodevelopmental disorders for which genetic rodent models have been generated. Specifically, we focus on the main behavioural phenotypes that have been documented in these animal models, to consolidate our current understanding of how synapse genes regulate key behavioural and cognitive domains. These studies provide insights into better understanding the basis of the overlapping genetic and cognitive heterogeneity observed in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Luo
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - R H Norris
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - S L Gordon
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - J Nithianantharajah
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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Ali S, Hoven A, Dress RJ, Schaal H, Alferink J, Scheu S. Identification of a novel Dlg2 isoform differentially expressed in IFNβ-producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:194. [PMID: 29703139 PMCID: PMC6389146 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4573-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The murine discs large homolog 2 (DLG2; post synaptic density 93 (PSD-93); Chapsyn-110) is a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) protein family involved in receptor assembly and associated with signaling enzymes on cell membranes. In neurons, DLG2 protein isoforms derived from alternatively spliced transcripts have been described to bind to NMDA (N-methyl-aspartate) receptors and K channels and to mediate clustering of these channels in the postsynaptic membrane. In myeloid cells of the immune system, such as dendritic cells (DCs), a lack of data exists on the expression or function of DLG2. In cDNA microarray transcriptome analyses, we found Dlg2 highly expressed in a subpopulation of plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) stimulated to produce type I interferons (IFNs) such as IFNβ. Results Using RACE- and RT-PCR as well as immunoprecipitation followed by Western blotting we characterised the differential expression of the Dlg2 splice variants in IFNβ-producing pDCs. Besides Dlg2ɣ this cell population expressed a novel short Dlg2η transcript we termed Dlg2η3. Our expression data were integrated into information from genome databases to obtain a novel and comprehensive overview of the mouse Dlg2 gene architecture. To elucidate the intracellular localisation pattern of protein isoforms, ectopical expression analysis of fluorescently tagged DLG2 splice variants was performed. Here we found an enrichment of the larger isoform DLG2α1 at the plasma membrane while the newly identified shorter (DLG2η) isoform as well as DLG2ɣ were equally distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Additionally, DLG2η was also found in the nucleus. Analysis of Dlg2-knockout mice previously generated by deleting exon 9 surprisingly revealed that the protein for the novel DLG2η isoform was still expressed in the brain and in bone marrow-derived pDCs from mice carrying the homozygous deletion (Dlg2ΔE9/ΔE9). Conclusion We describe a novel splice variant of the mouse Dlg2 gene termed Dlg2η and define the differential expression pattern of DLG2 isoforms in IFNβ-producing pDCs. The presence of DLG2η protein in the CNS of Dlg2ΔE9/ΔE9 mice might influence the phenotype of these mice and has to be taken into account in the interpretation of results regarding the functional role of DLG2 in neuronal postsynaptic membranes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4573-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafaqat Ali
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich, Heine University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion, Waldeyerstraße 15, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hoven
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich, Heine University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Regine J Dress
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich, Heine University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Heiner Schaal
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,BMFZ (Biologisch-Medizinisches Forschungszentrum), Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Judith Alferink
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion, Waldeyerstraße 15, D-48149, Münster, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Scheu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich, Heine University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Wei Z, Wu G, Chen BS. Regulation of SAP102 Synaptic Targeting by Phosphorylation. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:6215-6226. [PMID: 29282697 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0836-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synapse-associated protein 102 (SAP102) is a scaffolding protein highly expressed early in development and plays a critical role in mediating glutamate receptor trafficking during synaptogenesis. Mutations in human SAP102 have been reported to cause intellectual disability, which is thought to be due to mislocalization of the mutant protein. However, little is known about the regulation of SAP102 synaptic targeting. Here, we investigate the role of phosphorylation of SAP102 in regulating its synaptic targeting. Previous studies have shown that synaptic targeting of SAP102 is regulated by C-terminal splicing. We now identify a phosphorylation site, serine 632, within the C-terminal alternatively spliced region, which is phosphorylated by casein kinase II (CK2). We show that Ser632 on SAP102 is phosphorylated in vitro, in heterologous cells, and in neurons. Moreover, we demonstrate that synaptic enrichment of SAP102 is increased by Ser632 phosphorylation. Consistently, elevation of synaptic activity that suppresses Ser632 phosphorylation reduces synaptic enrichment of SAP102. Furthermore, the mobility of SAP102 is decreased by Ser632 phosphorylation. Therefore, not only SAP102 synaptic targeting but also its mobility is regulated by Ser632 phosphorylation. These data provide evidence for a novel mechanism in regulating SAP102 function and glutamate receptor trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wei
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, CA3008, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Guangyu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Bo-Shiun Chen
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, CA3008, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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Reble E, Dineen A, Barr CL. The contribution of alternative splicing to genetic risk for psychiatric disorders. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 17:e12430. [PMID: 29052934 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A genetic contribution to psychiatric disorders has clearly been established and genome-wide association studies now provide the location of risk genes and genetic variants associated with risk. However, the mechanism by which these genes and variants contribute to psychiatric disorders is mostly undetermined. This is in part because non-synonymous protein coding changes cannot explain the majority of variants associated with complex genetic traits. Based on this, it is predicted that these variants are causing gene expression changes, including changes to alternative splicing. Genetic changes influencing alternative splicing have been identified as risk factors in Mendelian disorders; however, currently there is a paucity of research on the role of alternative splicing in complex traits. This stems partly from the difficulty of predicting the role of genetic variation in splicing. Alterations to canonical splice site sequences, nucleotides adjacent to splice junctions, and exonic and intronic splicing regulatory sequences can influence splice site choice. Recent studies have identified global changes in alternatively spliced transcripts in brain tissues, some of which correlate with altered levels of splicing trans factors. Disease-associated variants have also been found to affect cis-acting splicing regulatory sequences and alter the ratio of alternatively spliced transcripts. These findings are reviewed here, as well as the current datasets and resources available to study alternative splicing in psychiatric disorders. Identifying and understanding risk variants that cause alternative splicing is critical to understanding the mechanisms of risk as well as to pave the way for new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Reble
- Genetics and Development Division, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Dineen
- Genetics and Development Division, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C L Barr
- Genetics and Development Division, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Campanale JP, Sun TY, Montell DJ. Development and dynamics of cell polarity at a glance. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:1201-1207. [PMID: 28365593 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.188599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells exhibit morphological and molecular asymmetries that are broadly categorized as cell polarity. The cell polarity established in early embryos prefigures the macroscopic anatomical asymmetries characteristic of adult animals. For example, eggs and early embryos have polarized distributions of RNAs and proteins that generate global anterior/posterior and dorsal/ventral axes. The molecular programs that polarize embryos are subsequently reused in multiple contexts. Epithelial cells require apical/basal polarity to establish their barrier function. Migrating cells polarize in the direction of movement, creating distinct leading and trailing structures. Asymmetrically dividing stem cells partition different molecules between themselves and their daughter cells. Cell polarity can develop de novo, be maintained through rounds of cell division and be dynamically remodeled. In this Cell Science at a Glance review and poster, we describe molecular asymmetries that underlie cell polarity in several cellular contexts. We highlight multiple developmental systems that first establish cell/developmental polarity, and then maintain it. Our poster showcases repeated use of the Par, Scribble and Crumbs polarity complexes, which drive the development of cell polarity in many cell types and organisms. We then briefly discuss the diverse and dynamic changes in cell polarity that occur during cell migration, asymmetric cell division and in planar polarized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Campanale
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Thomas Y Sun
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Denise J Montell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Gieldon L, Mackenroth L, Betcheva-Krajcir E, Rump A, Beck-Wödl S, Schallner J, Di Donato N, Schröck E, Tzschach A. Skewed X-inactivation in a family with DLG3-
associated X-linked intellectual disability. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:2545-2550. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gieldon
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Luisa Mackenroth
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Elitza Betcheva-Krajcir
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Andreas Rump
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Stefanie Beck-Wödl
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Angewandte Genomik; Universitätsklinikum Tübingen; Tübingen
| | - Jens Schallner
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin; Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Dresden Germany
| | - Nataliya Di Donato
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Evelin Schröck
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Andreas Tzschach
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
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Gabriele M, Vulto-van Silfhout AT, Germain PL, Vitriolo A, Kumar R, Douglas E, Haan E, Kosaki K, Takenouchi T, Rauch A, Steindl K, Frengen E, Misceo D, Pedurupillay CRJ, Stromme P, Rosenfeld JA, Shao Y, Craigen WJ, Schaaf CP, Rodriguez-Buritica D, Farach L, Friedman J, Thulin P, McLean SD, Nugent KM, Morton J, Nicholl J, Andrieux J, Stray-Pedersen A, Chambon P, Patrier S, Lynch SA, Kjaergaard S, Tørring PM, Brasch-Andersen C, Ronan A, van Haeringen A, Anderson PJ, Powis Z, Brunner HG, Pfundt R, Schuurs-Hoeijmakers JHM, van Bon BWM, Lelieveld S, Gilissen C, Nillesen WM, Vissers LELM, Gecz J, Koolen DA, Testa G, de Vries BBA. YY1 Haploinsufficiency Causes an Intellectual Disability Syndrome Featuring Transcriptional and Chromatin Dysfunction. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 100:907-925. [PMID: 28575647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Yin and yang 1 (YY1) is a well-known zinc-finger transcription factor with crucial roles in normal development and malignancy. YY1 acts both as a repressor and as an activator of gene expression. We have identified 23 individuals with de novo mutations or deletions of YY1 and phenotypic features that define a syndrome of cognitive impairment, behavioral alterations, intrauterine growth restriction, feeding problems, and various congenital malformations. Our combined clinical and molecular data define "YY1 syndrome" as a haploinsufficiency syndrome. Through immunoprecipitation of YY1-bound chromatin from affected individuals' cells with antibodies recognizing both ends of the protein, we show that YY1 deletions and missense mutations lead to a global loss of YY1 binding with a preferential retention at high-occupancy sites. Finally, we uncover a widespread loss of H3K27 acetylation in particular on the YY1-bound enhancers, underscoring a crucial role for YY1 in enhancer regulation. Collectively, these results define a clinical syndrome caused by haploinsufficiency of YY1 through dysregulation of key transcriptional regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Gabriele
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | | | - Pierre-Luc Germain
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vitriolo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Raman Kumar
- School of Medicine and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Evelyn Douglas
- SA Clinical Genetics Service, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Eric Haan
- SA Clinical Genetics Service, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, 160-8582 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Takenouchi
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, 160-8582 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anita Rauch
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eirik Frengen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Doriana Misceo
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Petter Stromme
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yunru Shao
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William J Craigen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christian P Schaaf
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David Rodriguez-Buritica
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Laura Farach
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer Friedman
- Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, and Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Perla Thulin
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Scott D McLean
- Clinical Genetics Section, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
| | - Kimberly M Nugent
- Clinical Genetics Section, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
| | - Jenny Morton
- Birmingham Women's Hospital, B15 2TG Birmingham, UK
| | - Jillian Nicholl
- SA Clinical Genetics Service, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Joris Andrieux
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hopital Jeanne de Flandre, 59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Pascal Chambon
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Rouen University Hospital, 76031 Rouen, France
| | - Sophie Patrier
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Rouen University Hospital, 76031 Rouen, France
| | - Sally A Lynch
- National Centre for Medical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, D12 V004 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susanne Kjaergaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille M Tørring
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Anne Ronan
- Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
| | - Arie van Haeringen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J Anderson
- Australian Craniofacial Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Zöe Powis
- Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - Han G Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rolph Pfundt
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Bregje W M van Bon
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Lelieveld
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Gilissen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Willy M Nillesen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lisenka E L M Vissers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jozef Gecz
- School of Medicine and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - David A Koolen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Testa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Bert B A de Vries
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Hypersocial behavior and biological redundancy in mice with reduced expression of PSD95 or PSD93. Behav Brain Res 2017; 352:35-45. [PMID: 28189758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The postsynaptic density proteins 95 (PSD95) and 93 (PSD93) belong to a family of scaffolding proteins, the membrane-associated guanylate kinases (MAGUKs), which are highly enriched in synapses and responsible for organizing the numerous protein complexes required for synaptic development and plasticity. Genetic studies have associated MAGUKs with diseases like autism and schizophrenia, but knockout mice show severe, complex defects with difficult-to-interpret behavioral abnormalities due to major motor dysfunction which is atypical for psychiatric phenotypes. Therefore, rather than studying loss-of-function mutants, we comprehensively investigated the behavioral consequences of reduced PSD95 expression, using heterozygous PSD95 knockout mice (PSD95+/-). Specifically, we asked whether heterozygous PSD95 deficient mice would exhibit alterations in the processing of social stimuli and social behavior. Additionally, we investigated whether PSD95 and PSD93 would reveal any indication of functional or biological redundancy. Therefore, homozygous and heterozygous PSD93 deficient mice were examined in a similar behavioral battery as PSD95 mutants. We found robust hypersocial behavior in the dyadic interaction test in both PSD95+/- males and females. Additionally, male PSD95+/- mice exhibited higher levels of aggression and territoriality, while female PSD95+/- mice showed increased vocalization upon exposure to an anesthetized female mouse. Both male and female PSD95+/- mice revealed mild hypoactivity in the open field but no obvious motor deficit. Regarding PSD93 mutants, homozygous (but not heterozygous) knockout mice displayed prominent hypersocial behavior comparable to that observed in PSD95+/- mice, despite a more severe motor phenotype, which precluded several behavioral tests or their interpretation. Considering that PSD95 and PSD93 reduction provoke strikingly similar behavioral consequences, we explored a potential substitution effect and found increased PSD93 protein expression in hippocampal synaptic enrichment preparations of PSD95+/- mice. These data suggest that both PSD95 and PSD93 are involved in processing of social stimuli and control of social behavior. This important role may be partly assured by functional/behavioral and biological/biochemical redundancy.
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44
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Grant SGN. The molecular evolution of the vertebrate behavioural repertoire. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:20150051. [PMID: 26598730 PMCID: PMC4685586 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
How the sophisticated vertebrate behavioural repertoire evolved remains a major question in biology. The behavioural repertoire encompasses the set of individual behavioural components that an organism uses when adapting and responding to changes in its external world. Although unicellular organisms, invertebrates and vertebrates share simple reflex responses, the fundamental mechanisms that resulted in the complexity and sophistication that is characteristic of vertebrate behaviours have only recently been examined. A series of behavioural genetic experiments in mice and humans support a theory that posited the importance of synapse proteome expansion in generating complexity in the behavioural repertoire. Genome duplication events, approximately 550 Ma, produced expansion in the synapse proteome that resulted in increased complexity in synapse signalling mechanisms that regulate components of the behavioural repertoire. The experiments demonstrate the importance to behaviour of the gene duplication events, the diversification of paralogues and sequence constraint. They also confirm the significance of comparative proteomic and genomic studies that identified the molecular origins of synapses in unicellular eukaryotes and the vertebrate expansion in proteome complexity. These molecular mechanisms have general importance for understanding the repertoire of behaviours in different species and for human behavioural disorders arising from synapse gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth G N Grant
- Centre for Clinical Brain Science, Edinburgh University, Chancellors Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
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45
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Crocker-Buque A, Currie SP, Luz LL, Grant SG, Duffy KR, Kind PC, Daw MI. Altered thalamocortical development in the SAP102 knockout model of intellectual disability. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:4052-4061. [PMID: 27466188 PMCID: PMC5291236 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations known to cause intellectual disabilities (IDs) are concentrated in specific sets of genes including both those encoding synaptic proteins and those expressed during early development. We have characterized the effect of genetic deletion of Dlg3, an ID-related gene encoding the synaptic NMDA-receptor interacting protein synapse-associated protein 102 (SAP102), on development of the mouse somatosensory cortex. SAP102 is the main representative of the PSD-95 family of postsynaptic MAGUK proteins during early development and is proposed to play a role in stabilizing receptors at immature synapses. Genetic deletion of SAP102 caused a reduction in the total number of thalamocortical (TC) axons innervating the somatosensory cortex, but did not affect the segregation of barrels. On a synaptic level SAP102 knockout mice display a transient speeding of NMDA receptor kinetics during the critical period for TC plasticity, despite no reduction in GluN2B-mediated component of synaptic transmission. These data indicated an interesting dissociation between receptor kinetics and NMDA subunit expression. Following the critical period NMDA receptor function was unaffected by loss of SAP102 but there was a reduction in the divergence of TC connectivity. These data suggest that changes in synaptic function early in development caused by mutations in SAP102 result in changes in network connectivity later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Crocker-Buque
- Centre for Integrative Physiology and Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Stephen P Currie
- Centre for Integrative Physiology and Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Liliana L Luz
- Centre for Integrative Physiology and Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Seth G Grant
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Kevin R Duffy
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Peter C Kind
- Centre for Integrative Physiology and Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK .,Centre for Brain Development and Repair, InStem, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Michael I Daw
- Centre for Integrative Physiology and Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
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46
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Kumar R, Ha T, Pham D, Shaw M, Mangelsdorf M, Friend KL, Hobson L, Turner G, Boyle J, Field M, Hackett A, Corbett M, Gecz J. A non-coding variant in the 5' UTR of DLG3 attenuates protein translation to cause non-syndromic intellectual disability. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1612-1616. [PMID: 27222290 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is a clinically complex and heterogeneous disorder, which has variable severity and may be associated with additional dysmorphic, metabolic, neuromuscular or psychiatric features. Although many coding variants have been implicated in ID, identification of pathogenic non-coding regulatory variants has only been achieved in a few cases to date. We identified a duplication of a guanine on chromosome X, NC_000023.10:g.69665044dupG 7 nucleotides upstream of the translational start site in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the known ID gene DLG3 that encodes synapse-associated protein 102 (SAP102). The dupG variant segregated with affected status in a large multigenerational family with non-syndromic X-linked ID and was predicted to disrupt folding of the mRNA. When tested on blood cells from the affected individuals, DLG3 mRNA levels were not altered, however, DLG3/SAP102 protein levels were. We also showed by dual luciferase reporter assay that the dupG variant interfered with translation. All currently known pathogenic DLG3 variants are predicted to be null, however the dupG variant likely leads to only a modest reduction of SAP102 levels accounting for the milder phenotype seen in this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Kumar
- School of Medicine and the Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Thuong Ha
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Duyen Pham
- School of Medicine and the Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Marie Shaw
- School of Medicine and the Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Marie Mangelsdorf
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kathryn L Friend
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lynne Hobson
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gillian Turner
- The GOLD service Hunter Genetics, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jackie Boyle
- The GOLD service Hunter Genetics, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Field
- The GOLD service Hunter Genetics, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna Hackett
- The GOLD service Hunter Genetics, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Corbett
- School of Medicine and the Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jozef Gecz
- School of Medicine and the Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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47
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Schuster S, Rivalan M, Strauss U, Stoenica L, Trimbuch T, Rademacher N, Parthasarathy S, Lajkó D, Rosenmund C, Shoichet SA, Winter Y, Tarabykin V, Rosário M. NOMA-GAP/ARHGAP33 regulates synapse development and autistic-like behavior in the mouse. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:1120-31. [PMID: 25869807 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric developmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and schizophrenia, are typically characterized by alterations in social behavior and have been linked to aberrant dendritic spine and synapse development. Here we show, using genetically engineered mice, that the Cdc42 GTPase-activating multiadaptor protein, NOMA-GAP, regulates autism-like social behavior in the mouse, as well as dendritic spine and synapse development. Surprisingly, we were unable to restore spine morphology or autism-associated social behavior in NOMA-GAP-deficient animals by Cre-mediated deletion of Cdc42 alone. Spine morphology can be restored in vivo by re-expression of wild-type NOMA-GAP or a mutant of NOMA-GAP that lacks the RhoGAP domain, suggesting that other signaling functions are involved. Indeed, we show that NOMA-GAP directly interacts with several MAGUK (membrane-associated guanylate kinase) proteins, and that this modulates NOMA-GAP activity toward Cdc42. Moreover, we demonstrate that NOMA-GAP is a major regulator of PSD-95 in the neocortex. Loss of NOMA-GAP leads to strong upregulation of serine 295 phosphorylation of PSD-95 and moreover to its subcellular mislocalization. This is associated with marked loss of surface α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor and defective synaptic transmission, thereby providing a molecular basis for autism-like social behavior in the absence of NOMA-GAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schuster
- Dendritic Development, Institute of Cell and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Rivalan
- Institute of Cognitive Neurobiology, Humboldt University Berlin and Berlin Mouse Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - U Strauss
- Ionic Current Development, Institute of Cell and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Stoenica
- Ionic Current Development, Institute of Cell and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Trimbuch
- Neuroscience, NeuroCure-NWFZ, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - N Rademacher
- Molecular Neurobiology and Genetics, NeuroCure-NWFZ, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Parthasarathy
- Cortical Development, Institute of Cell and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Lajkó
- Dendritic Development, Institute of Cell and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Cortical Development, Institute of Cell and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Rosenmund
- Neuroscience, NeuroCure-NWFZ, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S A Shoichet
- Molecular Neurobiology and Genetics, NeuroCure-NWFZ, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Y Winter
- Institute of Cognitive Neurobiology, Humboldt University Berlin and Berlin Mouse Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - V Tarabykin
- Cortical Development, Institute of Cell and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Rosário
- Dendritic Development, Institute of Cell and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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48
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Neurobeachin Regulates Glutamate- and GABA-Receptor Targeting to Synapses via Distinct Pathways. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:2112-23. [PMID: 25934101 PMCID: PMC4823379 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmission and synaptic strength depend on expression of post-synaptic receptors on the cell surface. Post-translational modification of receptors, trafficking to the synapse through the secretory pathway, and subsequent insertion into the synapse involves interaction of the receptor with A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) and scaffolding proteins. Neurobeachin (Nbea), a brain specific AKAP, is required for synaptic surface expression of both glutamate and GABA receptors. Here, we investigated the role of Nbea-dependent targeting of postsynaptic receptors by studying Nbea interaction with synapse-associated protein 102 (SAP102/Dlg3) and protein kinase A subunit II (PKA II). A Nbea mutant lacking the PKA binding domain showed a similar distribution as wild-type Nbea in Nbea null neurons and partially restored GABA receptor surface expression. To understand the relevance of Nbea interaction with SAP102, we analysed SAP102 null mutant mice. Nbea levels were reduced by ~80 % in SAP102 null mice, but glutamatergic receptor expression was normal. A single-point mutation in the pleckstrin homology domain of Nbea (E2218R) resulted in loss of binding with SAP102. When expressed in Nbea null neurons, this mutant fully restored GABA receptor surface expression, but not glutamate receptor expression. Our results suggest that the PKA-binding domain is not essential for Nbea’s role in receptor targeting and that Nbea targets glutamate and GABA receptors to the synapse via distinct molecular pathways by interacting with specific effector proteins.
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49
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Risher ML, Fleming RL, Risher WC, Miller KM, Klein RC, Wills T, Acheson SK, Moore SD, Wilson WA, Eroglu C, Swartzwelder HS. Adolescent intermittent alcohol exposure: persistence of structural and functional hippocampal abnormalities into adulthood. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:989-97. [PMID: 25916839 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adolescence is a crucial stage of neurological development during which ethanol (EtOH) consumption is often at its highest. Alcohol abuse during adolescence may render individuals at heightened risk for subsequent alcohol abuse disorders, cognitive dysfunction, or other neurological impairments by irreversibly altering long-term brain function. To test this possibility, we modeled adolescent alcohol abuse (i.e., intermittent EtOH exposure during adolescence [AIE]) in rats to determine whether adolescent exposure to alcohol leads to long-term structural and functional changes that are manifested in adult neuronal circuitry. METHODS We specifically focused on hippocampal area CA1, a brain region associated with learning and memory. Using electrophysiological, immunohistochemical, and neuroanatomical approaches, we measured post-AIE changes in synaptic plasticity, dendritic spine morphology, and synaptic structure in adulthood. RESULTS We found that AIE-pretreated adult rats manifest robust long-term potentiation, induced at stimulus intensities lower than those required in controls, suggesting a state of enhanced synaptic plasticity. Moreover, AIE resulted in an increased number of dendritic spines with characteristics typical of immaturity. Immunohistochemistry-based analysis of synaptic structures indicated a significant decrease in the number of co-localized pre- and postsynaptic puncta. This decrease is driven by an overall decrease in 2 postsynaptic density proteins, PSD-95 and SAP102. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings reveal that repeated alcohol exposure during adolescence results in enduring structural and functional abnormalities in the hippocampus. These synaptic changes in the hippocampal circuits may help to explain learning-related behavioral changes in adult animals preexposed to AIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Louise Risher
- Durham VA Medical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rebekah L Fleming
- Durham VA Medical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - W Christopher Risher
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - K M Miller
- Durham VA Medical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rebecca C Klein
- Durham VA Medical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tiffany Wills
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shawn K Acheson
- Durham VA Medical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Scott D Moore
- Durham VA Medical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Wilkie A Wilson
- Durham VA Medical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Social Sciences Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Cagla Eroglu
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - H S Swartzwelder
- Durham VA Medical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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50
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Wei Z, Behrman B, Wu WH, Chen BS. Subunit-specific regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor trafficking by SAP102 protein splice variants. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:5105-5116. [PMID: 25555912 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.599969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapse-associated protein 102 (SAP102) is a scaffolding protein abundantly expressed early in development that mediates glutamate receptor trafficking during synaptogenesis. Mutations in human SAP102 have been reported to cause intellectual disability, which is consistent with its important role during early postnatal development. SAP102 contains PDZ, SH3, and guanylate kinase (GK)-like domains, which mediate specific protein-protein interactions. SAP102 binds directly to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), anchors receptors at synapses, and facilitates transduction of NMDAR signals. Proper localization of SAP102 at the postsynaptic density is essential to these functions. However, how SAP102 is targeted to synapses is unclear. In the current study we find that synaptic localization of SAP102 is regulated by alternative splicing. The SAP102 splice variant that possesses a C-terminal insert (I2) between the SH3 and GK domains is highly enriched at dendritic spines. We also show that there is an intramolecular interaction between the SH3 and GK domains in SAP102 but that the I2 splicing does not influence SH3-GK interaction. Previously, we have shown that SAP102 expression promotes spine lengthening. We now find that the spine lengthening effect is independent of the C-terminal alternative splicing of SAP102. In addition, expression of I2-containing SAP102 isoforms is regulated developmentally. Knockdown of endogenous I2-containing SAP102 isoforms differentially affect NMDAR surface expression in a subunit-specific manner. These data shed new light on the role of SAP102 in the regulation of NMDAR trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wei
- From the Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Blake Behrman
- From the Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Wei-Hua Wu
- From the Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Bo-Shiun Chen
- From the Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912.
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