1
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Fronhofer EA, Bonte D, Bestion E, Cote J, Deshpande JN, Duncan AB, Hovestadt T, Kaltz O, Keith SA, Kokko H, Legrand D, Malusare SP, Parmentier T, Saade C, Schtickzelle N, Zilio G, Massol F. Evolutionary ecology of dispersal in biodiverse spatially structured systems: what is old and what is new? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230142. [PMID: 38913061 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dispersal is a well-recognized driver of ecological and evolutionary dynamics, and simultaneously an evolving trait. Dispersal evolution has traditionally been studied in single-species metapopulations so that it remains unclear how dispersal evolves in metacommunities and metafoodwebs, which are characterized by a multitude of species interactions. Since most natural systems are both species-rich and spatially structured, this knowledge gap should be bridged. Here, we discuss whether knowledge from dispersal evolutionary ecology established in single-species systems holds in metacommunities and metafoodwebs and we highlight generally valid and fundamental principles. Most biotic interactions form the backdrop to the ecological theatre for the evolutionary dispersal play because interactions mediate patterns of fitness expectations across space and time. While this allows for a simple transposition of certain known principles to a multispecies context, other drivers may require more complex transpositions, or might not be transferred. We discuss an important quantitative modulator of dispersal evolution-increased trait dimensionality of biodiverse meta-systems-and an additional driver: co-dispersal. We speculate that scale and selection pressure mismatches owing to co-dispersal, together with increased trait dimensionality, may lead to a slower and more 'diffuse' evolution in biodiverse meta-systems. Open questions and potential consequences in both ecological and evolutionary terms call for more investigation. This article is part of the theme issue 'Diversity-dependence of dispersal: interspecific interactions determine spatial dynamics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel A Fronhofer
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE , Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Dries Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 , Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Elvire Bestion
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UAR 2029 , Moulis F-09200, France
| | - Julien Cote
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique, CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, IRD, UMR 5174, 118 route de Narbonne , Toulouse F-31062, France
| | - Jhelam N Deshpande
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE , Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Alison B Duncan
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE , Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Thomas Hovestadt
- Department Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg , Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Oliver Kaltz
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE , Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Sally A Keith
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Hanna Kokko
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Delphine Legrand
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UAR 2029 , Moulis F-09200, France
| | - Sarthak P Malusare
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE , Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Thomas Parmentier
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 , Ghent B-9000, Belgium
- Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Namur Institute of Complex Systems, and Institute of Life, Earth, and the Environment, University of Namur , Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Camille Saade
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE , Montpellier 34095, France
| | | | - Giacomo Zilio
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE , Montpellier 34095, France
| | - François Massol
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille , Lille 59000, France
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2
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Mullon C, Peña J, Lehmann L. The evolution of environmentally mediated social interactions and posthumous spite under isolation by distance. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1012071. [PMID: 38814981 PMCID: PMC11139344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Many social interactions happen indirectly via modifications of the environment, e.g. through the secretion of functional compounds or the depletion of renewable resources. Here, we derive the selection gradient on a quantitative trait affecting dynamical environmental variables that feed back on reproduction and survival in a finite patch-structured population subject to isolation by distance. Our analysis shows that the selection gradient depends on how a focal individual influences the fitness of all future individuals in the population through modifications of the environmental variables they experience, weighted by the neutral relatedness between recipients and the focal. The evolutionarily relevant trait-driven environmental modifications are formalized as the extended phenotypic effects of an individual, quantifying how a trait change in an individual in the present affects the environmental variables in all patches at all future times. When the trait affects reproduction and survival through a payoff function, the selection gradient can be expressed in terms of extended phenotypic effects weighted by scaled relatedness. We show how to compute extended phenotypic effects, relatedness, and scaled relatedness using Fourier analysis, which allow us to investigate a broad class of environmentally mediated social interactions in a tractable way. We use our approach to study the evolution of a trait controlling the costly production of some lasting commons (e.g. a common-pool resource or a toxic compound) that can diffuse in space and persist in time. We show that indiscriminate posthumous spite readily evolves in this scenario. More generally, whether selection favours environmentally mediated altruism or spite is determined by the spatial correlation between an individual's lineage and the commons originating from its patch. The sign of this correlation depends on interactions between dispersal patterns and the commons' renewal dynamics. More broadly, we suggest that selection can favour a wide range of social behaviours when these have carry-over effects in space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Mullon
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jorge Peña
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Toulouse School of Economics, Toulouse, France
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laurent Lehmann
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Martignoni MM, Tyson RC, Kolodny O, Garnier J. Mutualism at the leading edge: insights into the eco-evolutionary dynamics of host-symbiont communities during range expansion. J Math Biol 2024; 88:24. [PMID: 38308102 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-023-02037-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The evolution of mutualism between host and symbiont communities plays an essential role in maintaining ecosystem function and should therefore have a profound effect on their range expansion dynamics. In particular, the presence of mutualistic symbionts at the leading edge of a host-symbiont community should enhance its propagation in space. We develop a theoretical framework that captures the eco-evolutionary dynamics of host-symbiont communities, to investigate how the evolution of resource exchange may shape community structure during range expansion. We consider a community with symbionts that are mutualistic or parasitic to various degrees, where parasitic symbionts receive the same amount of resource from the host as mutualistic symbionts, but at a lower cost. The selective advantage of parasitic symbionts over mutualistic ones is increased with resource availability (i.e. with host density), promoting mutualism at the range edges, where host density is low, and parasitism at the population core, where host density is higher. This spatial selection also influences the speed of spread. We find that the host growth rate (which depends on the average benefit provided by the symbionts) is maximal at the range edges, where symbionts are more mutualistic, and that host-symbiont communities with high symbiont density at their core (e.g. resulting from more mutualistic hosts) spread faster into new territories. These results indicate that the expansion of host-symbiont communities is pulled by the hosts but pushed by the symbionts, in a unique push-pull dynamic where both the host and symbionts are active and tightly-linked players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Martignoni
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, A. Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Rebecca C Tyson
- CMPS Department (Mathematics), University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Oren Kolodny
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, A. Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jimmy Garnier
- Laboratory of Mathematics, CNRS, Université Savoie-Mont Blanc, Université Grenoble Alpes, Chambery, France
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4
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Ibrahim AM. The conditional defector strategies can violate the most crucial supporting mechanisms of cooperation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15157. [PMID: 36071078 PMCID: PMC9449918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18797-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cooperation is essential for all domains of life. Yet, ironically, it is intrinsically vulnerable to exploitation by cheats. Hence, an explanatory necessity spurs many evolutionary biologists to search for mechanisms that could support cooperation. In general, cooperation can emerge and be maintained when cooperators are sufficiently interacting with themselves. This communication provides a kind of assortment and reciprocity. The most crucial and common mechanisms to achieve that task are kin selection, spatial structure, and enforcement (punishment). Here, we used agent-based simulation models to investigate these pivotal mechanisms against conditional defector strategies. We concluded that the latter could easily violate the former and take over the population. This surprising outcome may urge us to rethink the evolution of cooperation, as it illustrates that maintaining cooperation may be more difficult than previously thought. Moreover, empirical applications may support these theoretical findings, such as invading the cooperator population of pathogens by genetically engineered conditional defectors, which could be a potential therapy for many incurable diseases.
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García-Ruiz I, Quiñones A, Taborsky M. The evolution of cooperative breeding by direct and indirect fitness effects. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl7853. [PMID: 35622922 PMCID: PMC9140977 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl7853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of cooperative breeding has been traditionally attributed to the effect of kin selection. While there is increasing empirical evidence that direct fitness benefits are relevant, the relative importance of alternative selection mechanisms is largely obscure. Here, we model the coevolution of the cornerstones of cooperative breeding, delayed dispersal, and alloparental care, across different ecological scenarios while allowing individuals to adjust philopatry and helping levels. Our results suggest that (i) direct fitness benefits from grouping are the main driver for the evolution of philopatry; (ii) kin selection is mainly responsible for the emergence of alloparental care, but group augmentation can be a sufficient promoter in harsh environments; (iii) the coevolution of philopatry and alloparental care is subject to positive feedback; and (iv) age-dependent dispersal is triggered by both group benefits and relatedness. Model predictions are supported by empirical data and provide good opportunities for comparative analyses and experimental tests of causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene García-Ruiz
- Division of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, CH-3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
| | - Andrés Quiñones
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Taborsky
- Division of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, CH-3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
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6
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Fontcuberta A, Kapun M, Tran Van P, Purcell J, Chapuisat M. Effects of social organization and elevation on spatial genetic structure in a montane ant. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8813. [PMID: 35600679 PMCID: PMC9108227 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amaranta Fontcuberta
- Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Martin Kapun
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Natural History Museum of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Patrick Tran Van
- Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jessica Purcell
- Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
- Department of Entomology University of California Riverside California USA
| | - Michel Chapuisat
- Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
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7
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Freedberg S, Urban C, Cunniff BM. Dispersal reduces interspecific competitiveness by spreading locally harmful traits. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:1477-1487. [PMID: 34378272 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Just as intraorganismal selection can produce "selfish" elements that lower individual fitness, selection at the organismal level can favour traits that reduce the fitness of conspecifics and potentially impact population survival. Because dispersal can affect how these traits are distributed within species, it may determine whether their negative consequences are restricted locally or spread throughout the species' range. We present an individual-based simulation model that explores the interaction between dispersal rate and traits that increase individual fecundity at the expense of conspecific fitness. We first modelled dispersal as a trait that varied within species and then fixed the within-species dispersal rates and modelled competition between species that differed only in dispersal rate. Reproductive isolation allowed species differences in dispersal rates to become associated with traits moulded by intraspecific competition, but this association did not occur when dispersal variation was distributed within species due to recombination between the dispersal and competition loci. Alleles that reduced the fitness of conspecifics were maintained at lower frequencies in low-dispersal species, resulting in a competitive advantage over high-dispersing species. Although high-dispersal species initially outcompeted low-dispersal species owing to enhanced colonization opportunities, low-dispersal species ultimately showed greater representation across a range of ecological and genetic scenarios. This process may shift the makeup of communities over time towards a greater representation of low-dispersal species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Urban
- Department of Biology, St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN, USA
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8
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Fontcuberta A, De Gasperin O, Avril A, Dind S, Chapuisat M. Disentangling the mechanisms linking dispersal and sociality in supergene-mediated ant social forms. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210118. [PMID: 33906407 PMCID: PMC8080013 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The coevolution between dispersal and sociality can lead to linked polymorphisms in both traits, which may favour the emergence of supergenes. Supergenes have recently been found to control social organization in several ant lineages. Whether and how these 'social supergenes' also control traits related to dispersal is yet unknown. Our goal here was to get a comprehensive view of the dispersal mechanisms associated with supergene-controlled alternative social forms in the ant Formica selysi. We measured the production and emission of young females and males by single-queen (monogyne) and multiple-queen (polygyne) colonies, the composition of mating aggregations, and the frequency of crosses within and between social forms in the wild. We found that males and females from alternative social forms did not display strong differences in their propensity to leave the nest and disperse, nor in their mating behaviour. Instead, the social forms differed substantially in sex allocation. Monogyne colonies produced 90% of the females flying to swarms, whereas 57% of the males in swarms originated from polygyne colonies. Most crosses were assortative with respect to social form. However, 20% of the monogyne females did mate with polygyne males, which is surprising as this cross has never been found in mature monogyne colonies. We suggest that the polygyny-determining haplotype free rides on monogyne females, who establish independent colonies that later become polygyne. By identifying the steps in dispersal where the social forms differ, this study sheds light on the behavioural and colony-level traits linking dispersal and sociality through supergenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaranta Fontcuberta
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ornela De Gasperin
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amaury Avril
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sagane Dind
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Chapuisat
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Bluher SE, Miller SE, Sheehan MJ. Fine-Scale Population Structure but Limited Genetic Differentiation in a Cooperatively Breeding Paper Wasp. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:701-714. [PMID: 32271866 PMCID: PMC7259676 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Relatively little is known about the processes shaping population structure in cooperatively breeding insect species, despite the long-hypothesized importance of population structure in shaping patterns of cooperative breeding. Polistes paper wasps are primitively eusocial insects, with a cooperative breeding system in which females often found nests in cooperative associations. Prior mark-recapture studies of Polistes have documented extreme female philopatry, although genetic studies frequently fail to detect the strong population structure expected for highly philopatric species. Together these findings have led to lack of consensus on the degree of dispersal and population structure in these species. This study assessed population structure of female Polistes fuscatus wasps at three scales: within a single site, throughout Central New York, and across the Northeastern United States. Patterns of spatial genetic clustering and isolation by distance were observed in nuclear and mitochondrial genomes at the continental scale. Remarkably, population structure was evident even at fine spatial scales within a single collection site. However, P. fuscatus had low levels of genetic differentiation across long distances. These results suggest that P. fuscatus wasps may employ multiple dispersal strategies, including extreme natal philopatry as well as longer-distance dispersal. We observed greater genetic differentiation in mitochondrial genes than in the nuclear genome, indicative of increased dispersal distances in males. Our findings support the hypothesis that limited female dispersal contributes toward population structure in paper wasps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Bluher
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University
| | - Sara E Miller
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University
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10
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de Jager M, van de Koppel J, Weerman EJ, Weissing FJ. Patterning in Mussel Beds Explained by the Interplay of Multi-Level Selection and Spatial Self-Organization. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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11
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Joshi J, Brännström Å, Dieckmann U. Emergence of social inequality in the spatial harvesting of renewable public goods. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007483. [PMID: 31914166 PMCID: PMC6974303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatially extended ecological public goods, such as forests, grasslands, and fish stocks, are at risk of being overexploited by selfish consumers–a phenomenon widely recognized as the ‘tragedy of the commons.’ The interplay of spatial and ecological dimensions introduces new features absent in non-spatial ecological contexts, such as consumer mobility, local information availability, and strategy evolution through social learning in neighborhoods. It is unclear how these features interact to influence the harvesting and dispersal strategies of consumers. To answer these questions, we develop and analyze an individual-based, spatially structured, eco-evolutionary model with explicit resource dynamics. We report the following findings. (1) When harvesting efficiency is low, consumers evolve a sedentary consumption strategy, through which the resource is harvested sustainably, but with harvesting rates far below their maximum sustainable value. (2) As harvesting efficiency increases, consumers adopt a mobile ‘consume-and-disperse’ strategy, which is sustainable, equitable, and gives maximum sustainable yield. (3) A further increase in harvesting efficiency leads to large-scale overexploitation. (4) If costs of dispersal are significant, increased harvesting efficiency also leads to social inequality between frugal sedentary consumers and overexploitative mobile consumers. Whereas overexploitation can occur without social inequality, social inequality always leads to overexploitation. Thus, we identify four conditions that–while being characteristic of technological progress in modern societies–risk social inequality and overexploitation: high harvesting efficiency, moderately low costs of dispersal, high consumer density, and the tendency of consumers to adopt new strategies rapidly. We also show how access to global information–another feature widespread in modern societies–helps mitigate these risks. Throughout history, humans have shaped ecological landscapes, which in turn have influenced human behavior. This mutual dependence is epitomized when human consumers harvest a spatially extended renewable resource. Simple models predict that, when multiple consumers harvest a shared resource, each is tempted to harvest faster than his/her peers, putting the resource at risk of overexploitation. It is unclear, however, how the interplay among resource productivity, consumer mobility, and social learning in spatial ecological public goods games influences evolved consumer behavior. Here, using an individual-based, spatially structured, eco-evolutionary model of consumers and a resource, we find that increasing resource productivity initially promotes efficient resource use by enabling mobile consumption strategies, but eventually leads to inequality and overexploitation, as overexploitative mobile consumers coexist with frugal sedentary consumers. When consumers are impatient (i.e., eager to imitate successful strategies) or myopic (i.e., unaware of conditions outside of their neighborhoods), inequality and overexploitation tend to aggravate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Joshi
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
- Evolution and Ecology Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Åke Brännström
- Evolution and Ecology Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
- Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulf Dieckmann
- Evolution and Ecology Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
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12
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Akçay E. Deconstructing Evolutionary Game Theory: Coevolution of Social Behaviors with Their Evolutionary Setting. Am Nat 2019; 195:315-330. [PMID: 32017621 DOI: 10.1086/706811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Evolution of social behaviors is one of the most fascinating and active fields of evolutionary biology. During the past half century, social evolution theory developed into a mature field with powerful tools to understand the dynamics of social traits such as cooperation under a wide range of conditions. In this article, I argue that the next stage in the development of social evolution theory should consider the evolution of the setting in which social behaviors evolve. To that end, I propose a conceptual map of the components that make up the evolutionary setting of social behaviors, review existing work that considers the evolution of each component, and discuss potential future directions. The theoretical work reviewed here illustrates how unexpected dynamics can happen when the setting of social evolution itself is evolving, such as cooperation sometimes being self-limiting. I argue that a theory of how the setting of social evolution itself evolves will lead to a deeper understanding of when cooperation and other social behaviors evolve and diversify.
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13
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Tissot T, Massol F, Ujvari B, Alix-Panabieres C, Loeuille N, Thomas F. Metastasis and the evolution of dispersal. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20192186. [PMID: 31771479 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in oncology, metastasis remains the leading cause of mortality of cancer patients. Understanding the foundations of this phenomenon could help contain or even prevent it. As suggested by many ecologists and cancer biologists, metastasis could be considered through the lens of biological dispersal: the movement of cancer cells from their birth site (the primary tumour) to other habitats where they resume proliferation (metastatic sites). However, whether this model can consistently be applied to the emergence and dynamics of metastasis remains unclear. Here, we provide a broad review of various aspects of the evolution of dispersal in ecosystems. We investigate whether similar ecological and evolutionary principles can be applied to metastasis, and how these processes may shape the spatio-temporal dynamics of disseminating cancer cells. We further discuss complementary hypotheses and propose experimental approaches to test the relevance of the evolutionary ecology of dispersal in studying metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tazzio Tissot
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Sorbonne University/CNRS/INRA/IRD/UPEC/Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France.,Eco-Anthropology, MNHN/CNRS/Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - François Massol
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8198-Evo-Eco-Paleo, F-59000 Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabieres
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Loeuille
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Sorbonne University/CNRS/INRA/IRD/UPEC/Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC (CREES), Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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14
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Yip EC, Rao D, Smith DR, Lubin Y. Interacting maternal and spatial cues influence natal – dispersal out of social groups. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Yip
- Mitrani Dept of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Inst. of for Desert Research, Ben‐Gurion Univ. of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus Midreshet Ben‐Gurion Israel
- Dept of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park PA USA
| | - Dinesh Rao
- Inbioteca, Univ. Veracruzana Xalapa Veracruz Mexico
| | - Deborah R. Smith
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Kansas Lawrence KS USA
| | - Yael Lubin
- Mitrani Dept of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Inst. of for Desert Research, Ben‐Gurion Univ. of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus Midreshet Ben‐Gurion Israel
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15
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Cayuela H, Boualit L, Laporte M, Prunier JG, Preiss F, Laurent A, Foletti F, Clobert J, Jacob G. Kin-dependent dispersal influences relatedness and genetic structuring in a lek system. Oecologia 2019; 191:97-112. [PMID: 31422471 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04484-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Kin selection and dispersal play a critical role in the evolution of cooperative breeding systems. Limited dispersal increases relatedness in spatially structured populations (population viscosity), with the result that neighbours tend to be genealogical relatives. Yet the increase in neighbours' fitness-related performance through altruistic interaction may also result in habitat saturation and thus exacerbate local competition between kin. Our goal was to detect the footprint of kin selection and competition by examining the spatial structure of relatedness and by comparing non-effective and effective dispersal in a population of a lekking bird, Tetrao urogallus. For this purpose, we analysed capture-recapture and genetic data collected over a 6-year period on a spatially structured population of T. urogallus in France. Our findings revealed a strong spatial structure of relatedness in males. They also indicated that the population viscosity could allow male cooperation through two non-exclusive mechanisms. First, at their first lek attendance, males aggregate in a lek composed of relatives. Second, the distance corresponding to non-effective dispersal dramatically outweighed effective dispersal distance, which suggests that dispersers incur high post-settlement costs. These two mechanisms result in strong population genetic structuring in males. In females, our findings revealed a lower level of spatial structure of relatedness and genetic structure in respect to males. Additionally, non-effective dispersal and effective dispersal distances in females were highly similar, which suggests limited post-settlement costs. These results indicate that kin-dependent dispersal decisions and costs have a genetic footprint in wild populations and are factors that may be involved in the evolution of cooperative courtship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Cayuela
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Laurent Boualit
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Martin Laporte
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jérôme G Prunier
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station (UMR 5371), National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Paul Sabatier University (UPS), Moulis, France
| | - Françoise Preiss
- Groupe Tétras Vosges, Maison du Parc, 1, cour de l'Abbaye, 68140, Munster, France
| | - Alain Laurent
- Groupe Tétras Vosges, Maison du Parc, 1, cour de l'Abbaye, 68140, Munster, France
| | - Francesco Foletti
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jean Clobert
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station (UMR 5371), National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Paul Sabatier University (UPS), Moulis, France
| | - Gwenaël Jacob
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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16
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Bailey NW, Kölliker M. Social runaway: Fisherian elaboration (or reduction) of socially selected traits via indirect genetic effects. Evolution 2019; 73:1549-1563. [PMID: 31273777 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the evolutionary stability of socially selected traits is dominated by sexual selection models originating with R. A. Fisher, in which genetic covariance arising through assortative mating can trigger exponential, runaway trait evolution. To examine whether nonreproductive, socially selected traits experience similar dynamics-social runaway-when assortative mating does not automatically generate a covariance, we modeled the evolution of socially selected badge and donation phenotypes incorporating indirect genetic effects (IGEs) arising from the social environment. We establish a social runaway criterion based on the interaction coefficient, ψ, which describes social effects on badge and donation traits. Our models make several predictions. (1) IGEs can drive the original evolution of altruistic interactions that depend on receiver badges. (2) Donation traits are more likely to be susceptible to IGEs than badge traits. (3) Runaway dynamics in nonsexual, social contexts can occur in the absence of a genetic covariance. (4) Traits elaborated by social runaway are more likely to involve reciprocal, but nonsymmetrical, social plasticity. Models incorporating plasticity to the social environment via IGEs illustrate conditions favoring social runaway, describe a mechanism underlying the origins of costly traits, such as altruism, and support a fundamental role for phenotypic plasticity in rapid social evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W Bailey
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TH, United Kingdom
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17
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Spatial evolutionary dynamics produce a negative cooperation–population size relationship. Theor Popul Biol 2019; 125:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Estrela S, Libby E, Van Cleve J, Débarre F, Deforet M, Harcombe WR, Peña J, Brown SP, Hochberg ME. Environmentally Mediated Social Dilemmas. Trends Ecol Evol 2019; 34:6-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Regulation of Biofilm Aging and Dispersal in Bacillus subtilis by the Alternative Sigma Factor SigB. J Bacteriol 2018; 201:JB.00473-18. [PMID: 30396900 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00473-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are important in natural settings, biotechnology, and medicine. However, regulation of biofilm development and its persistence in different niches is complex and only partially understood. One key step during the biofilm life cycle is dispersal, when motile cells abandon the mature biofilm to spread out and colonize new niches. Here, we show that in the model bacterium Bacillus subtilis the general stress transcription factor SigB is essential for halting detrimental overgrowth of mature biofilm and for triggering dispersal when nutrients become limited. Specifically, SigB-deficient biofilms were larger than wild-type biofilms but exhibited accelerated cell death, significantly greater sensitivity to different stresses, and reduced dispersal. Interestingly, the signal detected by SigB to limit biofilm growth was transduced through the RsbP-dependent metabolic arm of the SigB regulatory cascade, which in turn positively controlled expression of SinR, the master regulator of biofilm formation and cell motility. This novel SigB-SinR regulatory circuit might be important in controlling the fitness of biofilms (either beneficial or harmful) in diverse environments.IMPORTANCE Biofilms are crucial for bacterial survival, adaptation, and dissemination in natural, industrial, and medical systems. Sessile cells embedded in the self-produced extracellular matrix of the biofilm benefit from a division of labor and are protected from environmental insults. However, as the biofilm ages, cells become stressed because of overcrowding, starvation, and accumulation of waste products. How does the sessile biofilm community sense and respond to stressful conditions? Here, we show that in Bacillus subtilis, the transcription factors SigB and SinR control whether cells remain in or leave a biofilm when metabolic conditions become unfavorable. This novel SigB-SinR regulatory circuit might be important for controlling the fitness of biofilms (either beneficial or harmful) in diverse environments.
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20
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Gorban A, Çabukoǧlu N. Mobility cost and degenerated diffusion in kinesis models. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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Mullon C, Lehmann L. Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics in Metacommunities: Ecological Inheritance, Helping within Species, and Harming between Species. Am Nat 2018; 192:664-686. [DOI: 10.1086/700094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Rodrigues AMM. Ecological succession, patch age and the evolution of social behaviour and terminal investment. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- António M. M. Rodrigues
- Dept of Zoology, Univ. of Cambridge; Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EJ UK
- Wolfson College; Barton Road Cambridge UK
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23
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Tung S, Mishra A, Gogna N, Aamir Sadiq M, Shreenidhi PM, Shree Sruti VR, Dorai K, Dey S. Evolution of dispersal syndrome and its corresponding metabolomic changes. Evolution 2018; 72:1890-1903. [PMID: 30075053 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal is one of the strategies for organisms to deal with climate change and habitat degradation. Therefore, investigating the effects of dispersal evolution on natural populations is of considerable interest to ecologists and conservation biologists. Although it is known that dispersal itself can evolve due to selection, the behavioral, life-history and metabolic consequences of dispersal evolution are not well understood. Here, we explore these issues by subjecting four outbred laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster to selection for increased dispersal. The dispersal-selected populations had similar values of body size, fecundity, and longevity as the nonselected lines (controls), but evolved significantly greater locomotor activity, exploratory tendency, and aggression. Untargeted metabolomic fingerprinting through NMR spectroscopy suggested that the selected flies evolved elevated cellular respiration characterized by greater amounts of glucose, AMP, and NAD. Concurrent evolution of higher level of Octopamine and other neurotransmitters indicate a possible mechanism for the behavioral changes in the selected lines. We discuss the generalizability of our findings in the context of observations from natural populations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the evolution of metabolome due to selection for dispersal and its connection to dispersal syndrome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Tung
- Population Biology Laboratory, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- Population Biology Laboratory, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Navdeep Gogna
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammed Aamir Sadiq
- Population Biology Laboratory, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - P M Shreenidhi
- Population Biology Laboratory, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - V R Shree Sruti
- Population Biology Laboratory, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kavita Dorai
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sutirth Dey
- Population Biology Laboratory, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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24
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Rodrigues AMM, Taylor TB. Ecological and demographic correlates of cooperation from individual to budding dispersal. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:1058-1070. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiffany B. Taylor
- The Milner Centre for Evolution & Department of Biology and Biochemistry; University of Bath; Bath UK
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25
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Bauer M, Frey E. Multiple scales in metapopulations of public goods producers. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:042307. [PMID: 29758643 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.042307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple scales in metapopulations can give rise to paradoxical behavior: in a conceptual model for a public goods game, the species associated with a fitness cost due to the public good production can be stabilized in the well-mixed limit due to the mere existence of these scales. The scales in this model involve a length scale corresponding to separate patches, coupled by mobility, and separate time scales for reproduction and interaction with a local environment. Contrary to the well-mixed high mobility limit, we find that for low mobilities, the interaction rate progressively stabilizes this species due to stochastic effects, and that the formation of spatial patterns is not crucial for this stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Bauer
- Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for NanoScience, Theresienstr. 37, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Erwin Frey
- Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for NanoScience, Theresienstr. 37, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
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26
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Mullon C, Keller L, Lehmann L. Social polymorphism is favoured by the co-evolution of dispersal with social behaviour. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 2:132-140. [PMID: 29203923 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal determines gene flow among groups in a population and so plays a major role in many ecological and evolutionary processes. As gene flow shapes kin structure, dispersal is important to the evolution of social behaviours that influence reproduction within groups. Conversely, dispersal depends on kin structure and social behaviour. Dispersal and social behaviour therefore co-evolve, but the nature and consequences of this interplay are not well understood. Here, we show that it readily leads to the emergence of two social morphs: a sessile, benevolent morph expressed by individuals who tend to increase the reproduction of others within their group relative to their own; and a dispersive, self-serving morph expressed by individuals who tend to increase their own reproduction. This social polymorphism arises due to a positive linkage between the loci responsible for dispersal and social behaviour, leading to benevolent individuals preferentially interacting with relatives and self-serving individuals with non-relatives. We find that this linkage is favoured under a large spectrum of conditions, suggesting that associations between dispersal and other social traits should be common in nature. In line with this prediction, dispersers across a wide range of organisms have been reported to differ in their social tendencies from non-dispersers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Mullon
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1004, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Laurent Keller
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1004, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Laurent Lehmann
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1004, Lausanne, Switzerland
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27
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Burgess AE, Lorenzi T, Schofield PG, Hubbard SF, Chaplain MA. Examining the role of individual movement in promoting coexistence in a spatially explicit prisoner's dilemma. J Theor Biol 2017; 419:323-332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Halliwell B, Uller T, Chapple DG, Gardner MG, Wapstra E, While GM. Habitat saturation promotes delayed dispersal in a social reptile. Behav Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arw181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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29
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Rodrigues AMM, Kokko H. Models of social evolution: can we do better to predict 'who helps whom to achieve what'? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:20150088. [PMID: 26729928 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Models of social evolution and the evolution of helping have been classified in numerous ways. Two categorical differences have, however, escaped attention in the field. Models tend not to justify why they use a particular assumption structure about who helps whom: a large number of authors model peer-to-peer cooperation of essentially identical individuals, probably for reasons of mathematical convenience; others are inspired by particular cooperatively breeding species, and tend to assume unidirectional help where subordinates help a dominant breed more efficiently. Choices regarding what the help achieves (i.e. which life-history trait of the helped individual is improved) are similarly made without much comment: fecundity benefits are much more commonly modelled than survival enhancements, despite evidence that these may interact when the helped individual can perform life-history reallocations (load-lightening and related phenomena). We review our current theoretical understanding of effects revealed when explicitly asking 'who helps whom to achieve what', from models of mutual aid in partnerships to the very few models that explicitly contrast the strength of selection to help enhance another individual's fecundity or survival. As a result of idiosyncratic modelling choices in contemporary literature, including the varying degree to which demographic consequences are made explicit, there is surprisingly little agreement on what types of help are predicted to evolve most easily. We outline promising future directions to fill this gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- António M M Rodrigues
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK Wolfson College, Barton Road, Cambridge CB3 9BB, UK
| | - Hanna Kokko
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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Lion S. Moment equations in spatial evolutionary ecology. J Theor Biol 2016; 405:46-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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van Veelen M, Allen B, Hoffman M, Simon B, Veller C. Hamilton's rule. J Theor Biol 2016; 414:176-230. [PMID: 27569292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews and addresses a variety of issues relating to inclusive fitness. The main question is: are there limits to the generality of inclusive fitness, and if so, what are the perimeters of the domain within which inclusive fitness works? This question is addressed using two well-known tools from evolutionary theory: the replicator dynamics, and adaptive dynamics. Both are combined with population structure. How generally Hamilton's rule applies depends on how costs and benefits are defined. We therefore consider costs and benefits following from Karlin and Matessi's (1983) "counterfactual method", and costs and benefits as defined by the "regression method" (Gardner et al., 2011). With the latter definition of costs and benefits, Hamilton's rule always indicates the direction of selection correctly, and with the former it does not. How these two definitions can meaningfully be interpreted is also discussed. We also consider cases where the qualitative claim that relatedness fosters cooperation holds, even if Hamilton's rule as a quantitative prediction does not. We furthermore find out what the relation is between Hamilton's rule and Fisher's Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection. We also consider cancellation effects - which is the most important deepening of our understanding of when altruism is selected for. Finally we also explore the remarkable (im)possibilities for empirical testing with either definition of costs and benefits in Hamilton's rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs van Veelen
- Department of Economics and Business, University of Amsterdam, Roetersstraat 11, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Benjamin Allen
- Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Mathematics, Emmanuel College, MA 02115, USA; Center for Mathematical Sciences and Applications, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Moshe Hoffman
- Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Rady School of Management, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Burton Simon
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80202, USA
| | - Carl Veller
- Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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32
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Jacob S, Wehi P, Clobert J, Legrand D, Schtickzelle N, Huet M, Chaine A. Cooperation-mediated plasticity in dispersal and colonization. Evolution 2016; 70:2336-2345. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Staffan Jacob
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS; UMR 5321; 09200 Saint-Girons France
- Université Catholique de Louvain; Earth and Life Institute and Biodiversity Research Centre; Croix du Sud 4, L7-07-04 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Priscilla Wehi
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS; UMR 5321; 09200 Saint-Girons France
- Current Address: Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua; Private Bag 1930 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Jean Clobert
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS; UMR 5321; 09200 Saint-Girons France
| | - Delphine Legrand
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS; UMR 5321; 09200 Saint-Girons France
- Université Catholique de Louvain; Earth and Life Institute and Biodiversity Research Centre; Croix du Sud 4, L7-07-04 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Nicolas Schtickzelle
- Université Catholique de Louvain; Earth and Life Institute and Biodiversity Research Centre; Croix du Sud 4, L7-07-04 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Michele Huet
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS; UMR 5321; 09200 Saint-Girons France
| | - Alexis Chaine
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS; UMR 5321; 09200 Saint-Girons France
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Toulouse; Toulouse School of Economics; 21 allée de Brienne 31015 Toulouse France
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33
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Mullon C, Keller L, Lehmann L. Evolutionary Stability of Jointly Evolving Traits in Subdivided Populations. Am Nat 2016; 188:175-95. [PMID: 27420783 DOI: 10.1086/686900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary stability of quantitative traits depends on whether a population can resist invasion by any mutant. While uninvadability is well understood in well-mixed populations, it is much less so in subdivided populations when multiple traits evolve jointly. Here, we investigate whether a spatially subdivided population at a monomorphic equilibrium for multiple traits can withstand invasion by any mutant or is subject to diversifying selection. Our model also explores the correlations among traits arising from diversifying selection and how they depend on relatedness due to limited dispersal. We find that selection tends to favor a positive (negative) correlation between two traits when the selective effects of one trait on relatedness is positively (negatively) correlated to the indirect fitness effects of the other trait. We study the evolution of traits for which this matters: dispersal that decreases relatedness and helping that has positive indirect fitness effects. We find that when dispersal cost is low and the benefits of helping accelerate faster than its costs, selection leads to the coexistence of mobile defectors and sessile helpers. Otherwise, the population evolves to a monomorphic state with intermediate helping and dispersal. Overall, our results highlight the effects of population subdivision for evolutionary stability and correlations among traits.
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34
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smith J, Strassmann JE, Queller DC. Fine-scale spatial ecology drives kin selection relatedness among cooperating amoebae. Evolution 2016; 70:848-59. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- jeff smith
- Department of Biology; Washington University in St. Louis; Saint Louis Missouri 63130
| | - Joan E. Strassmann
- Department of Biology; Washington University in St. Louis; Saint Louis Missouri 63130
| | - David C. Queller
- Department of Biology; Washington University in St. Louis; Saint Louis Missouri 63130
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35
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36
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Ito T, Pilat ML, Suzuki R, Arita T. Population and Evolutionary Dynamics based on Predator-Prey Relationships in a 3D Physical Simulation. ARTIFICIAL LIFE 2016; 22:226-240. [PMID: 26934093 DOI: 10.1162/artl_a_00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that population dynamics and evolutionary dynamics, occurring at different time scales, can be affected by each other. Our purpose is to explore the interaction between population and evolutionary dynamics using an artificial life approach based on a 3D physically simulated environment in the context of predator-prey and morphology-behavior coevolution. The morphologies and behaviors of virtual prey creatures are evolved using a genetic algorithm based on the predation interactions between predators and prey. Both population sizes are also changed, depending on the fitness. We observe two types of cyclic behaviors, corresponding to short-term and long-term dynamics. The former can be interpreted as a simple population dynamics of Lotka-Volterra type. It is shown that the latter cycle is based on the interaction between the changes in the prey strategy against predators and the long-term change in both population sizes, resulting partly from a tradeoff between their defensive success and the cost of defense.
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37
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The effects of maternal presence on natal dispersal are seasonally flexible in an asocial rodent. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-015-1920-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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38
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Berdahl A, Torney CJ, Schertzer E, Levin SA. On the evolutionary interplay between dispersal and local adaptation in heterogeneous environments. Evolution 2015; 69:1390-1405. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Berdahl
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey 08544
- Santa Fe Institute; Santa Fe New Mexico 87501
| | - Colin J. Torney
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey 08544
- Centre for Mathematics and the Environment; University of Exeter; Penryn Campus Cornwall United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Schertzer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey 08544
- Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires des Universités Pierre et Marie Curie et Denis Diderot; Paris France
- Collège de France; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology CNRS UMR 7241; Paris France
| | - Simon A. Levin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey 08544
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39
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Sasaki T, Okada I. Cheating is evolutionarily assimilated with cooperation in the continuous snowdrift game. Biosystems 2015; 131:51-9. [PMID: 25868940 PMCID: PMC4441111 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We fully analyze continuous snowdrift games with quadratic payoff functions in diversified populations. It is well known that classical snowdrift games maintain the coexistence of cooperators and cheaters. We clarify that the continuous snowdrift games often lead to assimilation of cooperators and cheaters. Allowing the gradual evolution of cooperative behavior can facilitate social inequity aversion in joint ventures.
It is well known that in contrast to the Prisoner’s Dilemma, the snowdrift game can lead to a stable coexistence of cooperators and cheaters. Recent theoretical evidence on the snowdrift game suggests that gradual evolution for individuals choosing to contribute in continuous degrees can result in the social diversification to a 100% contribution and 0% contribution through so-called evolutionary branching. Until now, however, game-theoretical studies have shed little light on the evolutionary dynamics and consequences of the loss of diversity in strategy. Here, we analyze continuous snowdrift games with quadratic payoff functions in dimorphic populations. Subsequently, conditions are clarified under which gradual evolution can lead a population consisting of those with 100% contribution and those with 0% contribution to merge into one species with an intermediate contribution level. The key finding is that the continuous snowdrift game is more likely to lead to assimilation of different cooperation levels rather than maintenance of diversity. Importantly, this implies that allowing the gradual evolution of cooperative behavior can facilitate social inequity aversion in joint ventures that otherwise could cause conflicts that are based on commonly accepted notions of fairness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Sasaki
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Evolution and Ecology Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), 2361 Laxenburg, Austria.
| | - Isamu Okada
- Department of Business Administration, Soka University, 192-8577 Tokyo, Japan; Department of Information Systems and Operations, Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1020 Vienna, Austria
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40
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Lion S, Gandon S. Evolution of spatially structured host-parasite interactions. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:10-28. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Lion
- CEFE UMR 5175; CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE; Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - S. Gandon
- CEFE UMR 5175; CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE; Montpellier Cedex 5 France
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41
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Seppänen A, Parvinen K. Evolution of density-dependent cooperation. Bull Math Biol 2014; 76:3070-87. [PMID: 25213153 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-014-9994-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cooperation is surprisingly common in life despite of its vulnerability to selfish cheating, i.e. defecting. Defectors do not contribute to common resources but take the advantage of cooperators' investments. Therefore, the emergence and maintenance of cooperation have been considered irrational phenomena. In this study, we focus on plastic, quantitative cooperation behaviour, especially on its evolution. We assume that individuals are capable to sense the population density in their neighbourhood and adjust their real-valued investments on public goods based on that information. The ecological setting is described with stochastic demographic events, e.g. birth and death, occurring at individual level. Individuals form small populations, which further constitute a structured metapopulation. For evolutionary investigations, we apply the adaptive dynamics framework. The cost of cooperative investment is incorporated into the model in two ways, by decreasing the birth rate or by increasing the death rate. In the first case, density-dependent cooperation evolves to be a decreasing function of population size as expected. In the latter case, however, the density-dependent cooperative investment can have a qualitatively different form as it may evolve to be highest in intermediate-sized populations. Indeed, we emphasize that some details in modelling may have a significant impact on the results obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Seppänen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, FIN-20014 , Turku, Finland,
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42
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Vainstein MH, Brito C, Arenzon JJ. Percolation and cooperation with mobile agents: geometric and strategy clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:022132. [PMID: 25215713 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.022132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We study the conditions for persistent cooperation in an off-lattice model of mobile agents playing the Prisoner's Dilemma game with pure, unconditional strategies. Each agent has an exclusion radius r(P), which accounts for the population viscosity, and an interaction radius r(int), which defines the instantaneous contact network for the game dynamics. We show that, differently from the r(P)=0 case, the model with finite-sized agents presents a coexistence phase with both cooperators and defectors, besides the two absorbing phases, in which either cooperators or defectors dominate. We provide, in addition, a geometric interpretation of the transitions between phases. In analogy with lattice models, the geometric percolation of the contact network (i.e., irrespective of the strategy) enhances cooperation. More importantly, we show that the percolation of defectors is an essential condition for their survival. Differently from compact clusters of cooperators, isolated groups of defectors will eventually become extinct if not percolating, independently of their size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendeli H Vainstein
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, C.P. 15051, 91501-970 Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina Brito
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, C.P. 15051, 91501-970 Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - Jeferson J Arenzon
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, C.P. 15051, 91501-970 Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
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43
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Duputié A, Massol F. An empiricist's guide to theoretical predictions on the evolution of dispersal. Interface Focus 2014; 3:20130028. [PMID: 24516715 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2013.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal, the tendency for organisms to reproduce away from their parents, influences many evolutionary and ecological processes, from speciation and extinction events, to the coexistence of genotypes within species or biological invasions. Understanding how dispersal evolves is crucial to predict how global changes might affect species persistence and geographical distribution. The factors driving the evolution of dispersal have been well characterized from a theoretical standpoint, and predictions have been made about their respective influence on, for example, dispersal polymorphism or the emergence of dispersal syndromes. However, the experimental tests of some theories remain scarce partly because a synthetic view of theoretical advances is still lacking. Here, we review the different ingredients of models of dispersal evolution, from selective pressures and types of predictions, through mathematical and ecological assumptions, to the methods used to obtain predictions. We provide perspectives as to which predictions are easiest to test, how theories could be better exploited to provide testable predictions, what theoretical developments are needed to tackle this topic, and we place the question of the evolution of dispersal within the larger interdisciplinary framework of eco-evolutionary dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Duputié
- UMR 5175 CEFE, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CNRS) , 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier cedex 05 34293 , France
| | - François Massol
- UMR 5175 CEFE, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CNRS) , 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier cedex 05 34293 , France
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44
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Munroe KE, Koprowski JL. Levels of social behaviors and genetic structure in a population of round-tailed ground squirrels (Xerospermophilus tereticaudus). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-013-1677-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Byrne AW, Quinn JL, O'Keeffe JJ, Green S, Sleeman DP, Martin SW, Davenport J. Large-scale movements in European badgers: has the tail of the movement kernel been underestimated? J Anim Ecol 2014; 83:991-1001. [PMID: 24410133 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing patterns of animal movement is a major aim in population ecology, and yet doing so at an appropriate spatial scale remains a major challenge. Estimating the frequency and distances of movements is of particular importance when species are implicated in the transmission of zoonotic diseases. European badgers (Meles meles) are classically viewed as exhibiting limited dispersal, and yet their movements bring them into conflict with farmers due to their potential to spread bovine tuberculosis in parts of their range. Considerable uncertainty surrounds the movement potential of badgers, and this may be related to the spatial scale of previous empirical studies. We conducted a large-scale mark-recapture study (755 km(2); 2008-2012; 1935 capture events; 963 badgers) to investigate movement patterns in badgers, and undertook a comparative meta-analysis using published data from 15 European populations. The dispersal movement (>1 km) kernel followed an inverse power-law function, with a substantial 'tail' indicating the occurrence of rare long-distance dispersal attempts during the study period. The mean recorded distance from this distribution was 2.6 km, the 95 percentile was 7.3 km and the longest recorded was 22.1 km. Dispersal frequency distributions were significantly different between genders; males dispersed more frequently than females, but females made proportionally more long-distance dispersal attempts than males. We used a subsampling approach to demonstrate that the appropriate minimum spatial scale to characterize badger movements in our study population was 80 km(2), substantially larger than many previous badger studies. Furthermore, the meta-analysis indicated a significant association between maximum movement distance and study area size, while controlling for population density. Maximum long-distance movements were often only recorded by chance beyond the boundaries of study areas. These findings suggest that the tail of the badger movement distribution is currently underestimated. The implications of this for understanding the spatial ecology of badger populations and for the design of disease intervention strategies are potentially significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Byrne
- Teagasc, Athenry Co., Galway, Ireland.,School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - John L Quinn
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - James J O'Keeffe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM), Agriculture House, Kildare Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Stuart Green
- Teagasc (Spatial Analysis), Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - D Paddy Sleeman
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - S Wayne Martin
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G2W1
| | - John Davenport
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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46
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Taylor TB, Rodrigues AMM, Gardner A, Buckling A. The social evolution of dispersal with public goods cooperation. J Evol Biol 2013; 26:2644-53. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. B. Taylor
- Department of Zoology; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | | | - A. Gardner
- Department of Zoology; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- Balliol College, University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- School of Biology; University of St Andrews; St Andrews UK
| | - A. Buckling
- Department of Zoology; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- Biosciences; University of Exeter; Penryn UK
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47
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Ichinose G, Saito M, Suzuki S. Collective chasing behavior between cooperators and defectors in the spatial prisoner's dilemma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67702. [PMID: 23861786 PMCID: PMC3702560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cooperation is one of the essential factors for all biological organisms in major evolutionary transitions. Recent studies have investigated the effect of migration for the evolution of cooperation. However, little is known about whether and how an individuals' cooperativeness coevolves with mobility. One possibility is that mobility enhances cooperation by enabling cooperators to escape from defectors and form clusters; the other possibility is that mobility inhibits cooperation by helping the defectors to catch and exploit the groups of cooperators. In this study we investigate the coevolutionary dynamics by using the prisoner's dilemma game model on a lattice structure. The computer simulations demonstrate that natural selection maintains cooperation in the form of evolutionary chasing between the cooperators and defectors. First, cooperative groups grow and collectively move in the same direction. Then, mutant defectors emerge and invade the cooperative groups, after which the defectors exploit the cooperators. Then other cooperative groups emerge due to mutation and the cycle is repeated. Here, it is worth noting that, as a result of natural selection, the mobility evolves towards directional migration, but not to random or completely fixed migration. Furthermore, with directional migration, the rate of global population extinction is lower when compared with other cases without the evolution of mobility (i.e., when mobility is preset to random or fixed). These findings illustrate the coevolutionary dynamics of cooperation and mobility through the directional chasing between cooperators and defectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Ichinose
- Systems and Control Engineering, Anan National College of Technology, Anan, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masaya Saito
- Systems and Control Engineering, Anan National College of Technology, Anan, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Suzuki
- JSPS fellow, Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Laboratory for Integrated Theoretical Neuroscience, Riken Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
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Abstract
Evolutionary dynamics depend critically on a population's interaction structure-the pattern of which individuals interact with which others, depending on the state of the population and the environment. Previous research has shown, for example, that cooperative behaviors disfavored in well-mixed populations can be favored when interactions occur only between spatial neighbors or group members. Combining the adaptive dynamics approach with recent advances in evolutionary game theory, we here introduce a general mathematical framework for analyzing the long-term evolution of continuous game strategies for a broad class of evolutionary models, encompassing many varieties of interaction structure. Our main result, the canonical equation of adaptive dynamics with interaction structure, characterizes expected evolutionary trajectories resulting from any such model, thereby generalizing a central tool of adaptive dynamics theory. Interestingly, the effects of different interaction structures and update rules on evolutionary trajectories are fully captured by just two real numbers associated with each model, which are independent of the considered game. The first, a structure coefficient, quantifies the effects on selection pressures and thus on the shapes of expected evolutionary trajectories. The second, an effective population size, quantifies the effects on selection responses and thus on the expected rates of adaptation. Applying our results to two social dilemmas, we show how the range of evolutionarily stable cooperative behaviors systematically varies with a model's structure coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Allen
- Department of Mathematics, Emmanuel College, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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49
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Turcotte MM, Reznick DN, Daniel Hare J. Experimental Test of an Eco-Evolutionary Dynamic Feedback Loop between Evolution and Population Density in the Green Peach Aphid. Am Nat 2013; 181 Suppl 1:S46-57. [DOI: 10.1086/668078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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50
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Ferriere R, Legendre S. Eco-evolutionary feedbacks, adaptive dynamics and evolutionary rescue theory. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 368:20120081. [PMID: 23209163 PMCID: PMC3538448 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive dynamics theory has been devised to account for feedbacks between ecological and evolutionary processes. Doing so opens new dimensions to and raises new challenges about evolutionary rescue. Adaptive dynamics theory predicts that successive trait substitutions driven by eco-evolutionary feedbacks can gradually erode population size or growth rate, thus potentially raising the extinction risk. Even a single trait substitution can suffice to degrade population viability drastically at once and cause 'evolutionary suicide'. In a changing environment, a population may track a viable evolutionary attractor that leads to evolutionary suicide, a phenomenon called 'evolutionary trapping'. Evolutionary trapping and suicide are commonly observed in adaptive dynamics models in which the smooth variation of traits causes catastrophic changes in ecological state. In the face of trapping and suicide, evolutionary rescue requires that the population overcome evolutionary threats generated by the adaptive process itself. Evolutionary repellors play an important role in determining how variation in environmental conditions correlates with the occurrence of evolutionary trapping and suicide, and what evolutionary pathways rescue may follow. In contrast with standard predictions of evolutionary rescue theory, low genetic variation may attenuate the threat of evolutionary suicide and small population sizes may facilitate escape from evolutionary traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regis Ferriere
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Laboratoire Ecologie-Evolution, UMR 7625 UPMC-ENS-CNRS, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.
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