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Wang JH, Huang PT, Huang YT, Mao YC, Lai CH, Yeh TK, Tseng CH, Kao CC. Characterization of CRISPR-Cas Systems in Shewanella algae and Shewanella haliotis: Insights into the Adaptation and Survival of Marine Pathogens. Pathogens 2024; 13:439. [PMID: 38921737 PMCID: PMC11207072 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas systems are adaptive immune mechanisms present in most prokaryotes that play an important role in the adaptation of bacteria and archaea to new environments. Shewanella algae is a marine zoonotic pathogen with worldwide distribution, which accounts for the majority of clinical cases of Shewanella infections. However, the characterization of Shewanella algae CRISPR-Cas systems has not been well investigated yet. Through whole genome sequence analysis, we characterized the CRISPR-Cas systems in S. algae. Our results indicate that CRISPR-Cas systems are prevalent in S. algae, with the majority of strains containing the Type I-F system. This study provides new insights into the diversity and function of CRISPR-Cas systems in S. algae and highlights their potential role in the adaptation and survival of these marine pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Hsing Wang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427213, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan
| | - Po-Tsang Huang
- Division of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 802301, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Ting Huang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621301, Taiwan;
| | - Yan-Chiao Mao
- Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Hsu Lai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840301, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Kuang Yeh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan;
- Genomic Center for Infectious Diseases, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hao Tseng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan;
- Genomic Center for Infectious Diseases, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chuan Kao
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung 435403, Taiwan
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Madrid NY, Mejia LF, Urrego JFG. Left knee septic monoarthritis in a pediatric patient due to shewanella putrefaciens: case report and literature review. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2024; 23:43. [PMID: 38730467 PMCID: PMC11088002 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00702-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shewanella putrefaciens is a gram-negative, nonfermenting, oxidase-positive, hydrogen sulfide-producing bacillus and a halophilic bacterium, known for causing unusual infections in humans and often regarded as an opportunistic pathogen. Its diverse symptoms have a significant impact on human health, with 260 documented disorders reported in the literature over the last 40 years, highlighting its potential danger. CASE PRESENTATION We present the case of a previously healthy 15-year-old male patient who sustained a self-inflicted sharp-object injury while working in the field, resulting in secondary septic monoarthritis due to Shewanella putrefaciens. CONCLUSIONS This case highlights the bacteriological and clinical characteristics, as well as the antibiogram, of Shewanella spp. Given the recent increase in notifications of Shewanella infections, predominantly by S. algae and S. putrefaciens, it is essential to consider these pathogens in patients with a history of contact with bodies of water. Special attention must be paid to their resistance patterns in patient management to prevent the development of intrinsic antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Yepes Madrid
- Pediatric specialty resident, Universidad Libre Sectional Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
- Pediatrics Specialty Research Group (GRINPED), Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
| | - Luis Fernando Mejia
- Fundación Clínica Infantil Club Noel, Pediatric Specialty Program, Universidad Libre Sectional Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
- Pediatrics Specialty Research Group (GRINPED), Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - José Fernando Gomez Urrego
- Fundación Clínica Infantil Club Noel, Postgraduate coordinator of the Specialty Program, Universidad Libre Sectional Cali, Epidemiologist, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
- Pediatrics Specialty Research Group (GRINPED), Valle del Cauca, Colombia
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Li Y, Qi R, Yang H, Zhang XL, Wu Y, Huang BH, Zhao Q, Gu YF. Analysis of clinical characteristics of infections caused by Shewanella species. Indian J Med Microbiol 2024; 49:100574. [PMID: 38561026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Shewanella genus is a rare pathogen of marine origin. In recent years, there has been a continuous increase in infection cases caused by this bacterium, and we have observed the uniqueness of infections caused by this microorganism. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study conducted a retrospective analysis of the medical history and laboratory examination data of patients infected with the Shewanella genus over the past decade. Additionally, it employed bioinformatics methods to analyze the relevant virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes associated with the Shewanella genus. RESULTS Over the past 10 years, we have isolated 51 cases of Shewanella, with 68.82% being Shewanella putrefaciens (35/51 cases) and 31.37% being Shewanella algae (16/51 cases). Infected individuals often had underlying diseases, with 39.22% (20/51) having malignant tumors and 25.49% (13/51) having liver and biliary system diseases primarily characterized by stones. The majority of patients, 62.74% (32/51), exhibited mixed infections, including one case with a combination of infections from three other types of bacteria and five cases with a combination of infections from two other types of bacteria. The identified microorganisms were commonly resistant to ticarcillin-clavulanic acid (23.5%), followed by cefoperazone-sulbactam (19.6%), ciprofloxacin (17.6%), and cefotaxime (17.6%). Bioinformatics analysis indicates that Shewanella can express bile hydrolysis regulators and fatty acid metabolism regulators that aid in adapting to the unique environment of the biliary tract. Additionally, it expresses abundant catalase, superoxide dismutase, and two-component signal transduction system proteins, which may be related to environmental adaptation. Shewanella also expresses various antibiotic resistance genes, including beta-lactamases and aminoglycoside modification enzymes. Iron carriers may be one of its important virulence factors. CONCLUSIONS We speculate that the Shewanella genus may exist as a specific colonizer in the human body, and under certain conditions, it may act as a pathogen, leading to biliary infections in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, PR China.
| | - Rong Qi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, PR China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Lu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, PR China.
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, PR China.
| | - Bao-Hua Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, PR China.
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, PR China.
| | - Yu-Feng Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, PR China.
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Li Y, Ye T, Zhang XL, Yang H, Wu Y, Huang BH, Zhao Q, Gu YF. Genus Shewanella: A Potential Intestinal Colonizer Associated With Post-Operative Surgical Site Infections in Coastal Regions. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2024. [PMID: 38683555 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2023.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aims to elucidate the clinical characteristics of Shewanella-related surgical site infections (SSIs) and assess the risk of mortality in patients by establishing a predictive model. Patients and Methods: A retrospective analysis of medical history and laboratory data of Shewanella-related SSI patients over the past decade was conducted via the electronic medical record (EMR) system. A predictive model for mortality risk in Shewanella-related SSI patients was established using plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels combined with the Howell-PIRO scoring system. Results: Over the past 10 years, 45 strains of Shewanella were isolated from specimens such as bile, drainage fluid, and whole blood in patients with digestive tract SSIs. Among them, 21 of 45 (46.67%) patients underwent malignant tumor resection of the digestive system, 14 of 45 (31.11%) underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) common bile duct exploration or the stone removal, and seven of 45 (15.56%) were trauma repair patients with fractures and abdominal injuries. Among the 45 Shewanella-related SSI patients, 10 died within 30 days of infection, six cases involved infections with more than two other types of bacteria. The combined use of IL-6 and Howell-PIRO scores for mortality risk assessment yielded an receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9350, a positive predictive value of 92.71%, a negative predictive value of 94.58%, a diagnostic sensitivity of 95.35%, and a diagnostic specificity of 92.14%-all higher than the model using IL-6 or Howell-PIRO scores alone. Conclusions: We found that residents in coastal areas faced an increased risk of Shewanella-related SSI. Moreover, the higher the number of concurrent microbial infections occurring alongside Shewanella-related SSI, the greater the mortality rate among patients. The combined application of plasma IL-6 levels and the Howell-PIRO scoring system is beneficial for assessing patient mortality risk and guiding timely and proactive clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiao-Lu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, PR China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, PR China
| | - Bao-Hua Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yu-Feng Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, PR China
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Pękala-Safińska A, Nadolna-Ałtyn K, Różycki M, Paździor E, Cencek T, Podolska M. Microbiological analysis of skin lesions of cod (Gadus morhua) from the southern part of the Baltic Sea. J Vet Res 2024; 68:79-92. [PMID: 38525229 PMCID: PMC10960334 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2024-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since the middle of the 1980s, severe skin disorders have been observed in Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) each year. Available data on the spectrum of bacteria isolated from the clinical cases being limited, and evaluation of the microbial background of fish skin lesions being useful, a bacteriological examination has been undertaken. Material and Methods A total of 1,381 cod were caught during two voyages of the Baltica research vessel in the Polish exclusive economic zone of the southern Baltic Sea. After an examination which found lesions in 164 of the fish, a microbiological analysis was performed to isolate bacteria from them. The collected strains were phenotyped and genotyped, and their antimicrobial resistance was analysed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) techniques. Results Bacteriological examinations provided 850 isolates. The dominant microorganisms were mesophilic Aeromonas spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Shewanella baltica. Opportunistic bacteria potentially hazardous to human health were also isolated, e.g. Alcaligenes faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Vibrio sp. The MIC analysis determined the highest number of bacteria to resist sulphamethoxazole and amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Conclusion Most of the collected bacteria were opportunistic pathogens for fish, widespread in the aquatic environment, and potentially threatening to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Pękala-Safińska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nadolna-Ałtyn
- Department of Fisheries Resources, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, 81-332Gdynia, Poland
| | - Mirosław Różycki
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Paździor
- Department of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100Puławy, Poland
| | - Tomasz Cencek
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Disease, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100Puławy, Poland
| | - Magdalena Podolska
- Department of Fisheries Resources, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, 81-332Gdynia, Poland
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Müller S, von Bonin S, Schneider R, Krüger M, Quick S, Schröttner P. Shewanella putrefaciens, a rare human pathogen: A review from a clinical perspective. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1033639. [PMID: 36817694 PMCID: PMC9933709 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1033639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Shewanella putrefaciens is a gramnegative, facultatively anaerobic, rod shaped bacterium. It belongs to the class of the Gammaproteobacteria and was first described in 1931. S. putrefaciens is part of the marine microflora and especially present in moderate and warm climates. The bacterium is a rare oppurtonistic human pathogen associated mainly with intra-abdominal as well as skin and soft tissue infections. However, it has also been reported in association with more severe diseases such as pneumonia, intracerebral and ocular infections and endocarditis. In these cases the clinical courses are often associated with underlying, predisposing diseases and risk factors. For successful treatment of S. putrefaciens, a combination of appropriate local therapy, e.g. surgical treatment or drainage, and antibiotic therapy should be performed. Since multiple resistances to antibiotics are described, the results of the antimicrobial susceptibility testing must be considered for effective therapy as well. Furthermore, a main challenge in clinical practice is the accurate microbiological identification, and especially the correct differentiation between S. putrefaciens and S. algae. Under certain circumstances, Shewanella-infections can have severe, sometimes even fatal consequences. Therefore, we decided to present the current state of knowledge as well as further aspects with regard to future diagnostics, therapy and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Müller
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany,*Correspondence: Stephanie Müller,
| | - Simone von Bonin
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralph Schneider
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Krüger
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Quick
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Percy Schröttner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
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Yu K, Huang Z, Xiao Y, Wang D. Shewanella infection in humans: Epidemiology, clinical features and pathogenicity. Virulence 2022; 13:1515-1532. [PMID: 36065099 PMCID: PMC9481105 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2117831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Shewanella consists of Gram-negative proteobacteria that are ubiquitously distributed in environment. As the members of this genus have rapidly increased within the past decade, several species have become emerging pathogens worldwide, attracting the attention of the medical community. These species are also associated with severe community- and hospital-acquired infections. Patients infected with Shewanella spp. had experiences of occupational or recreational exposure; meanwhile, the process of infection is complex and the pathogenicity is influenced by a variety of factors. Here, an exhaustive internet-based literature search was carried out in PUBMED using terms “Achromobacter putrefaciens,” “Pseudomonas putrefaciens,” “Alteromonas putrefaciens” and “Shewanella” to search literatures published between 1978 and June 2022. We provided a comprehensive review on the epidemiology, clinical features and pathogenicity of Shewanella, which will contribute a better understanding of its clinical aetiology, and facilitate the timely diagnosis and effective treatment of Shewanella infection for clinicians and public health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China.,Center for Human Pathogenic Culture Collection, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China.,Center for Human Pathogenic Culture Collection, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China.,Center for Human Pathogenic Culture Collection, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Duochun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China.,Center for Human Pathogenic Culture Collection, China CDC, Beijing, China
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Ng WWS, Shum HP, To KKW, Sridhar S. Emerging Infections Due to Shewanella spp.: A Case Series of 128 Cases Over 10 Years. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:850938. [PMID: 35573023 PMCID: PMC9100594 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.850938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundShewanella species are emerging pathogens that can cause severe hepatobiliary, skin and soft tissue, gastrointestinal, respiratory infections, and bacteremia. Here we reported the largest case series of infections caused by Shewanella species.AimTo identify the clinical features and risk factors predisposing to Shewanella infections. To evaluate resistance pattern of Shewanella species and appropriateness of antibiotic use in the study cohort.MethodsPatients admitted to a regional hospital in Hong Kong with Shewanella species infection from April 1, 2010 to December 31, 2020 were included. Demographics, antibiotics, microbiology, and outcomes were retrospectively analyzed.FindingsOver the 10 years, we identified 128 patients with Shewanella species infection. 61.7% were male with a median age of 78 (IQR 65–87). Important underlying diseases included hepatobiliary diseases (63.3%), malignancy (26.6%), chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal failure (25.8%), and diabetes mellitus (22.7%). Hepatobiliary infections (60.4%) were the most common clinical manifestation. Majority (92.2%) were infected with Shewanella algae, while 7.8% were infected with Shewanella putrefaciens. The identified organisms were usually susceptible to ceftazidime (98.7%), gentamicin (97.4%), cefoperazone-sulbactam (93.5%) and ciprofloxacin (90.3%). Imipenem-susceptible strains were only present in 76.6% of isolates.ConclusionThis largest case series suggested that Shewanella infections are commonly associated with underlying comorbidities, especially with hepatobiliary diseases and malignancy. Although Shewanella species remained largely susceptible to third and fourth generation cephalosporins and aminoglycosides, carbapenem resistance has been on a significant rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wincy Wing-Sze Ng
- Department of Intensive Care, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Wincy Wing-Sze Ng
| | - Hoi-Ping Shum
- Department of Intensive Care, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siddharth Sridhar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Cevik J, Hunter-Smith DJ, Rozen WM. Infections following stingray attacks: A case series and literature review of antimicrobial resistance and treatment. Travel Med Infect Dis 2022; 47:102312. [PMID: 35304330 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injuries sustained following stingray attacks are at high risk of infection and can progress to serious, debilitating consequences for the patient if not appropriately addressed. Antibiotic treatment of such infections is important to minimise the morbidity experienced by patients. However, antibiotic guidelines relating specific to this patient group are not well established. This study aims to report the experience of a single institution at treating stingray associated wound infections and to review the literature for reported cases. Additionally, we review the microbiological risk in these patients and summarise the literature surrounding antibiotic choice. METHODS A retrospective review of all patients presenting with injuries sustained following stingray attacks was conducted at a single institution. Additionally, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify cases of infected stingray associated trauma and review the causative micro-organisms and antibiotics used to treat such infections. RESULTS 22 cases of stingray injuries were identified from a single institution. Of these, eight infections were reported. One case grew a highly resistant Vibrio species. Among the literature, 18 cases of infections were identified many of which led to significant complications for patients. The micro-organisms identified were diverse and there was little consistency among the antibiotic regimens utilised. CONCLUSION Based on the antibiotic susceptibilities of causative bacteria along with extrapolation from recommendations and guidelines identified in the literature, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole appear to be the most appropriate antibiotics choices for prophylaxis or treatment of localised infection. Antibiotic choices for the empiric treatment of systemic infection requires further research and clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jevan Cevik
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peninsula Health, Frankston, Victoria, Australia; Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia.
| | - David J Hunter-Smith
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peninsula Health, Frankston, Victoria, Australia; Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Warren M Rozen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peninsula Health, Frankston, Victoria, Australia; Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
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10
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Boettler MA, Kaffenberger BH, Chung CG. Cellulitis: A Review of Current Practice Guidelines and Differentiation from Pseudocellulitis. Am J Clin Dermatol 2022; 23:153-165. [PMID: 34902109 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-021-00659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cellulitis, an infection involving the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue, is the most common reason for skin-related hospitalization and is seen by clinicians across various disciplines in the inpatient, outpatient, and emergency room settings, but it can present as a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Cellulitis is a clinical diagnosis based on the history of present illness and physical examination and lacks a gold standard for diagnosis. Clinical presentation with acute onset of redness, warmth, swelling, and tenderness and pain is typical. However, cellulitis can be difficult to diagnose due to a number of infectious and non-infectious clinical mimickers such as venous stasis dermatitis, contact dermatitis, eczema, lymphedema, and erythema migrans. Microbiological diagnosis is often unobtainable due to poor sensitivity of culture specimens. The majority of non-purulent, uncomplicated cases of cellulitis are caused by β-hemolytic streptococci or methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, and appropriate targeted coverage of this pathogen with oral antibiotics such as penicillin, amoxicillin, and cephalexin is sufficient. Even with rising rates of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, coverage for non-purulent cellulitis is generally not recommended.
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11
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Shewanella putrefaciens: A cause of bacteremia not to neglect. IDCases 2021; 26:e01294. [PMID: 34621619 PMCID: PMC8479394 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Shewanella putrefaciens is a Gram-negative bacillus and marine pathogen that rarely causes disease in humans. We report the first Moroccan case of multidrug-resistant Shewanella putrefaciens bacteremia and describe the bacteriological, clinical, and antibiogram characteristics of this isolate, which was repeatedly isolated from the blood of a 66-year-old hypertensive man who underwent femoral coronary angiography after a myocardial infarction.
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12
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Bickley RJ, Belyea CM, Harpstrite JK, Min KS. Surfing Injuries: A Review for the Orthopaedic Surgeon. JBJS Rev 2021; 9:01874474-202104000-00005. [PMID: 33819199 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.20.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
» Surfing is safe: the risk of injury ranges from 0.26 to 0.90 injuries per surfer per year, 0.06 to 3.5 injuries per 1,000 days of surfing, and 1.1 to 13.0 injuries per 1,000 hours of surfing. » The most common acute surfing injuries are lacerations, contusions, and sprains; the head and the neck as well as the lower extremities are the locations that are affected most. » The most common mechanism of injury is striking a surfer's own board or that of another surfer. » A pathology that is unique to surfers is surfer's myelopathy; bites and/or stings by sea life and infections caused by marine life also occur in surfers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Bickley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Christopher M Belyea
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - J Kimo Harpstrite
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Hawai'i John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Kyong S Min
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
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13
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Main bacterial species causing clinical disease in ornamental freshwater fish in Brazil. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2020; 66:231-239. [PMID: 33185813 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-020-00837-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial diseases are common in ornamental fish, more frequently associated with ubiquitous bacteria from the aquarium environment. The disease can lead to fish mortality and cause high economic losses if not rapidly controlled. The aim of this study was to identify the main causative bacterial agents of infection in ornamental fish with different clinical signs. A total of 126 freshwater fish, from 12 families and 38 species, with clinical signs were collected in a wholesaler in São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Samples were taken from the eye, skin ulcers, kidneys, and gills, plated on MacConkey, CHROMagar Orientation, and blood agar and incubated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Bacterial identification was performed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. From the 126 studied animals, 112 were positive for bacterial isolation. Among the positive animals, 32.1% presented infection caused by a single bacterial species, while in the remaining 67.9%, two to six different bacterial species were identified. A total of 259 bacterial strains were obtained and classified among 46 bacterial species. The species of higher frequency were Aeromonas veronii (26.3%), Aeromonas hydrophilla (16.2%), Shewanella putrefaciens (7.3%), Citrobacter freundii (8.1%), Vibrio albensis (5.8%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (4.2%). MALDI-TOF MS showed to be a rapid method for diagnosis of bacterial disease outbreaks in ornamental fish establishments.
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14
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Chen YJ, He GC, Cheng JF, Lee YT, Hung YH, Chen WH, Huang YT, Liu PY. Comparative genomics reveals insights into characterization and distribution of quorum sensing-related genes in Shewanella algae from marine environment and clinical sources. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 73:101545. [PMID: 32927298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Shewanella algae is not only the most commonly reported species in Shewanella human infections but also capable to inhabit a wide variety of habitats. Although there is evidence that quorum sensing is associated with bacterial adaptation to changing environmental conditions, little is known of the quorum sensing system in S. algae. In this study, we conducted the whole genome sequencing of S. algae strains and applied comparative genomics to reveal the core genome. Genes related to the quorum sensing system were identified by integrated bioinformatics analysis. S. algae harbor genes involved in all three main types of autoinducer systems. This study provides insights into the quorum sensing systems in S. algae, which might be valuable in the future study of cell behavior in S. algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ju Chen
- Bachelor Program in Health Care and Social Work for Indigenous Students, College of Humanities & Social Sciences, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Cheng He
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Fang Cheng
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, CA 94598, USA
| | - Yi-Tzu Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Hung
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Huei Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ting Huang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan.
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15
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Patel A, Ascha M, Punjabi A, Swanson M, Long TC. Pyogenic Flexor Tenosynovitis Caused by Shewanella putrefaciens. Cureus 2020; 12:e8113. [PMID: 32542166 PMCID: PMC7292706 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexor tenosynovitis is a surgical emergency due to the risk of tendon necrosis which can lead to subsequent amputation. We report a case of flexor tenosynovitis with Shewanella putrefaciens as the implicated organism, though the patient’s mechanism of penetrating trauma did not involve a marine exposure. Shewanella are Gram negative bacilli associated with marine environments and have rarely been implicated in human disease. This patient presented with all four of Kanavel’s signs and required open surgical irrigation and debridement; he was found to have purulence but no flexor tendon necrosis. This case emphasizes the importance of considering marine organisms as putative for flexor tenosynovitis, even if marine exposure does not occur at the time of the penetrating trauma. It also emphasizes the need to obtain a thorough patient history, especially in cases of infection, to assess for all possible environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anooj Patel
- Plastic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, USA
| | - Mona Ascha
- Plastic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, USA
| | | | - Marco Swanson
- Plastic Surgery, University Hospitals, Cleveland, USA
| | - Tobias C Long
- Plastic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, USA.,Plastic Surgery, University Hospitals, Cleveland, USA
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16
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Comparative Genomics Reveals Pathogenicity-Related Loci in Shewanella algae. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2020; 2020:9205197. [PMID: 32318128 PMCID: PMC7149415 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9205197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Shewanella algae is an emerging marine zoonotic pathogen and accounts for considerable mortality and morbidity in compromised hosts. However, there is scarce literature related to the understanding of the genetic background of virulence determinants in S. algae. In this study, we aim to determine the occurrence of common virulence genes in S. algae using whole-genome sequence and comparative genomic analysis. Comparative genomics reveals putative-virulence genes related to bile resistance, chemotaxis, hemolysis, and motility. We detected the existence of hlyA, hlyD, and hlyIII involved in hemolysis. We also found chemotaxis gene cluster cheYZA operon and cheW gene. The results provide insights into the genetic basis underlying pathogenicity in S. algae.
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17
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Sicuro B, Pastorino P, Barbero R, Barisone S, Dellerba D, Menconi V, Righetti M, De Vita V, Prearo M. Prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated from imported ornamental fish in Italy: A translocation of resistant strains? Prev Vet Med 2019; 175:104880. [PMID: 31918357 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The rapid expansion of the ornamental aquaculture industry over the past decades has resulted in a concomitant increase in the use of antibiotics to combat infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the possible role of ornamental fish in the translocation of antibiotic resistant bacteria, with possible consequences for aquarium and public health. We assessed the prevalence of bacterial infections and the antibiotic resistance profile of bacteria isolated from 134 ornamental fish imported into northwest Italy during two years of monitoring. Ornamental fish analyzed were imported mainly from Singapore (40%) and Israel (20%), followed by Thailand (13%), Sri Lanka (12%), Czech Republic (7%), Vietnam (5%) and Indonesia (3%). The most commonly imported fish were freshwater species, particularly those belonging to the Poeciliidae family. Bacteriological exam was positive in 68% of the fish examined. The most frequently isolated bacterium was Aeromonas sobria (37%). Bacteria showed resistance against lincomycin, ampicillin, oxytetracycline and tetracycline. Sensitivity was found for florfenicol, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Odds ratio (OR) values were calculated as a measure of the association between antibiotic resistance of A. sobria and selected factors (country of origin, fish family and fish species), considering Thailand, Poeciliidae and Poecilia reticulata as control cases. Higher values were found for Vietnam (OR 5.6) and Xiphophorus helleri and X. maculatus (OR 3.0 and 3.7 respectively). Our findings underline the need to improve targeted surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and prevent the translocation of resistant or multi-resistant bacterial strains in ornamental fish, especially in fish imported from countries where surveillance is limited or lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetto Sicuro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Baccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Barbero
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Barisone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Baccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Davide Dellerba
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Baccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Vasco Menconi
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Marzia Righetti
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Vito De Vita
- La Casetta in Canadà, via Vittime delle Foibe 19, 10136, Settimo Torinese (TO), Italy
| | - Marino Prearo
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
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18
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Erfanmanesh A, Beikzadeh B, Aziz Mohseni F, Nikaein D, Mohajerfar T. Ulcerative dermatitis in barramundi due to coinfection with Streptococcus iniae and Shewanella algae. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2019; 134:89-97. [PMID: 31020947 DOI: 10.3354/dao03363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus iniae is a pathogenic bacterium which causes septicaemia, while Shewanella algae is an opportunistic pathogen found in marine environments. In this study, we investigated an uncommon coinfection of these 2 bacterial species which resulted in systemic disease and cutaneous ulcers in a barramundi Lates calcarifer farm in the Persian Gulf, Iran. Culture, molecular and histopathological specimens were taken from different organs. In histopathology, results indicated deep bacterial ulceration of skin and subcutaneous muscles. Haemorrhage and hyperaemia were the most common signs observed in visceral organs. In culture, Gram-positive cocci were grown from visceral organs while Gram-negative bacilli were isolated from ulcers. In molecular examination, Streptococcus iniae and Shewanella algae were identified from visceral and ulcer samples, respectively, by PCR of the 16S rRNA gene. The disk diffusion method was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated bacteria, with Shewanella algae being resistant to most routinely used antibiotics. In this study, a mixed infection of 2 bacterial species was found; we conclude that systemic streptococcosis could act as a predisposing factor for Shewanella penetration into skin and subsequent ulcer formation. Coinfections are very common in mammals; however, this subject has received little attention in other species, such as fish, and particularly in aquaculture. This study highlights the potential significance of coinfections in barramundi, the effect on the severity of the disease and the potential for new opportunistic pathogens arising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Erfanmanesh
- Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran Organization, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Swimming with the Pigs: A Case of Severe Soft Tissue Infection during a Caribbean Vacation. Case Rep Infect Dis 2018; 2018:4092609. [PMID: 30473894 PMCID: PMC6220401 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4092609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A 74-year-old man presented to the emergency department with severe right leg cellulitis following a trip to the Bahamas where he swam in both chlorinated pools and the ocean. His blood cultures grew Shewanella species, a marine pathogen known to cause disease in humans, following exposure to seawater. He was treated with cefepime for a total of two weeks without needing any surgical intervention. The patient had complete resolution of infection and was able to return to his activities of daily living.
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20
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Zhang F, Fang Y, Pang F, Liang S, Lu X, Kan B, Xu J, Zhao J, Du Y, Wang D. Rare Shewanella spp. associated with pulmonary and bloodstream infections of cancer patients, China: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:454. [PMID: 30185170 PMCID: PMC6125870 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Members of Shewanella species are opportunistic pathogens that are found in marine environments. Currently more than sixty species have been identified, whereas the most commonly clinical cases associated with Shewanella species have involved only two species, i.e., S. algae and S. putrefaciens. We present two cases of pulmonary and bloodstream infections caused by two rare Shewanella spp. strains from patients of gastrointestinal cancer. Case presentation Two male patients with a history of gastrointestinal cancer presented to hospital with pulmonary and bloodstream infections, respectively. The infective pathogens of both cases were primarily isolated and identified as Shewanella algae (case I) and Shewanella putrefaciens (case II) by phenotypic features and VITEK 2 system, but they were further confirmed as Shewanella haliotis and Shewanella upenei by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The major bacterial composition of the bronchoalveolar lavage in case I was also identified as Shewanella by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that the two strains had broad susceptibility, but S. haliotis in the case I was resistant to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin and S. upenei in the case II was intermediate to imipenem, piperacillin/tazobactam and ciprofloxacin. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first cases of the pulmonary and bloodstream infections caused by Shewanella spp. from clinical patients in mainland China. Shewanella as a potential pathogen in China should not be ignored. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3354-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Zhang
- Liaocheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.,Center for Human Pathogen Collection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Pang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Liang
- Liaocheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxing Zhao
- Liaocheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinju Du
- Liaocheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China.
| | - Duochun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China. .,Center for Human Pathogen Collection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Raja M, Gonzales Zamora JA, Roig I. Shewanella cellulitis and bacteremia following marine water exposure. IDCases 2018; 12:140-141. [PMID: 29942773 PMCID: PMC6011016 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Raja
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami 33136, FL, USA
| | - Jose Armando Gonzales Zamora
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami 33136, FL, USA
| | - Ingrid Roig
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Huntsville Hospital, Huntsville 35801, AL, USA
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22
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Jung-Schroers V, Jung A, Ryll M, Bauer J, Teitge F, Steinhagen D. Methods for identification and differentiation of different Shewanella spp. isolates for diagnostic use. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:689-714. [PMID: 29280153 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Shewanella spp. are Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacteria that are widely distributed in marine and freshwater environments. The bacteria are present in the physiological microflora of fish from temperate waters and are known as fish spoilage species. From clinically healthy fish and from fish with skin ulcerations, Shewanella spp. is regularly isolated, indicating a possible role as fish pathogen. In this study, 74 isolates of Shewanella spp. were analysed. For species identification, biochemical techniques, 16S rRNA sequencing, MALDI-TOF MS and the Sherlock Microbial Identification System (MIS) based on the composition of fatty acid ethyl esters were compared. The phylogenetic relationship, cytotoxicity in vitro and resistance against antibiotics were tested. The most reliable method for species identification was 16S rRNA sequencing. From diseased fish, clinically healthy fish and the aquatic environment, different Shewanella species were isolated. This indicates that Shewanella spp. is widespread in the aquatic milieu and acts as a secondary pathogen. The virulence of Shewanella spp. is probably not depending on the species but on the isolate itself. Many isolates of Shewanella spp. were showing multiresistances against antibiotic substances, especially in samples derived from retailers and in routine diagnostics, all Shewanella spp. should therefore be tested for resistances against antibiotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Jung-Schroers
- Fish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Jung
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Ryll
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Bauer
- Fish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - F Teitge
- Fish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - D Steinhagen
- Fish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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23
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Torri A, Bertini S, Schiavone P, Congestrì F, Matteucci M, Sparacino M, Testa G, Pedna MF, Sambri V. Shewanella algae infection in Italy: report of 3 years' evaluation along the coast of the northern Adriatic Sea. New Microbes New Infect 2018; 23:39-43. [PMID: 29556408 PMCID: PMC5854895 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Shewanella algae are Gram-negative, nonfermentative, motile bacilli, classified in the genus Shewanella in 1985. These environmental bacteria are occasionally identified in human infections, with a relatively strong association with exposure to seawater during warm seasons. This report describes a case series of 17 patients with infection correlated to S. algae in the coastal area of Romagna, Italy, from 2013 to 2016. The types of infection included otitis, pneumonia, sepsis and soft tissue (wound). Exposure to the marine environment during hot months was confirmed in 12 of 17 patients. An apparent correlation between increased severity of infection and patient age was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Torri
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, Pievesestina (FC), Italy
| | - S Bertini
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, Pievesestina (FC), Italy
| | - P Schiavone
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, Pievesestina (FC), Italy
| | - F Congestrì
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, Pievesestina (FC), Italy
| | - M Matteucci
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, Pievesestina (FC), Italy
| | - M Sparacino
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, Pievesestina (FC), Italy
| | - G Testa
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, Pievesestina (FC), Italy
| | - M F Pedna
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, Pievesestina (FC), Italy
| | - V Sambri
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, Pievesestina (FC), Italy.,DIMES, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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24
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Ryan JM, Truelove E, Sabatino M, Peters S, Kessler M. Palmar Soft Tissue Infection From Shewanella putrefaciens. J Hand Surg Am 2018; 43:87.e1-87.e4. [PMID: 28844773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Shewanella putrefaciens, a gram-negative bacillus, ubiquitous in marine environments, is an opportunistic agent reported to cause rare human infection, most commonly in patients who are immunocompromised or who have a preexisting soft tissue defect. We present an immunocompetent, 40-year-old woman with a soft tissue infection of the left palm caused by S. putrefaciens. The patient's infection was complicated by the presence of retained foreign bodies, seashell fragments, from a traumatic fall. Following appropriate evaluation and surgical treatment, our patient experienced a successful outcome with no recurrence of infection or deficit in the affected hand. This case report complements the growing literature regarding morbidity attributed to S. putrefaciens infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Ryan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ.
| | - Elizabeth Truelove
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Stephen Peters
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Michael Kessler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
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25
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CTX-M-15-Producing Shewanella Species Clinical Isolate Expressing OXA-535, a Chromosome-Encoded OXA-48 Variant, Putative Progenitor of the Plasmid-Encoded OXA-436. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 62:AAC.01879-17. [PMID: 29038283 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01879-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shewanella spp. constitute a reservoir of antibiotic resistance determinants. In a bile sample, we identified three extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Shewanella sp. strain JAB-1) isolated from a child suffering from cholangitis. Our objectives were to characterize the genome and the resistome of the first ESBL-producing isolate of the genus Shewanella and determine whether plasmidic exchange occurred between the three bacterial species. Bacterial isolates were characterized using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), standard biochemical tools, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Shewanella sp. JAB-1 and ESBL gene-encoding plasmids were characterized using PacBio and Illumina whole-genome sequencing, respectively. The Shewanella sp. JAB-1 chromosome-encoded OXA-48 variant was cloned and functionally characterized. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of the Shewanella sp. clinical isolate JAB-1 revealed the presence of a 193-kb plasmid belonging to the IncA/C incompatibility group and harboring two ESBL genes, blaCTX-M-15 and blaSHV-2ablaCTX-M-15 gene-carrying plasmids belonging to the IncY and IncR incompatibility groups were also found in the E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from the same patient, respectively. A comparison of the blaCTX-M-15 genetic environment indicated the independent origin of these plasmids and dismissed in vivo transfers. Furthermore, characterization of the resistome of Shewanella sp. JAB-1 revealed the presence of a chromosome-carried blaOXA-535 gene, likely the progenitor of the plasmid-carried blaOXA-436 gene, a novel blaOXA-48-like gene. The expression of blaOXA-535 in E. coli showed the carbapenem-hydrolyzing activity of OXA-535. The production of OXA-535 in Shewanella sp. JAB-1 could be evidenced using molecular and immunoenzymatic tests, but not with biochemical tests that monitor carbapenem hydrolysis. In this study, we have identified a CTX-M-15-producing Shewanella species that was responsible for a hepatobiliary infection and that is likely the progenitor of OXA-436, a novel plasmid-encoded OXA-48-like class D carbapenemase.
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26
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Ali AM, Noorulamin M, Arif S. Isolation of Shewanella putrefaciens in an elderly man with subacute intestinal obstruction & appendicitis. IDCases 2017. [PMID: 28649508 PMCID: PMC5472146 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Shewanella is Gram-negative motile bacillus, non fermentative and facultative anaerobe. Its natural habitat is all forms of water and soil, but has also been isolated from fish, dairy products, oils, and carcasses. Often found with microflora of the marine environment. Bacterial infections with Shewanella spp. are rare. The exposure to the marine environment, sea and diary food are considered as a risk factor for Shewanella spp. infection. Clinical infections seen are otitis, soft tissue infection, bacteremia, ear infection, eye infection, infective arthritis, osteomyelitis, infective endocarditis and peritonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Maqsood Ali
- Department of Pathology and Blood Bank, Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Noorulamin
- Department of Pathology and Blood Bank, Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology, Pakistan
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Yousfi K, Bekal S, Usongo V, Touati A. Current trends of human infections and antibiotic resistance of the genus Shewanella. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 36:1353-1362. [PMID: 28299457 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-2962-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Shewanella spp. are commonly known as environmental bacteria and are most frequently isolated from aquatic areas. Currently, diseases syndromes and multidrug resistance have increasingly been reported in the genus Shewanella. Some species are associated with various infections, such as skin and soft tissue infections, as well as bacteremia. Generally, these bacteria are opportunistic and mostly affect people with an impaired immune system. This genus is also a probable vehicle and progenitor of antibiotic resistance genes. In fact, several resistance genes and mobile genetic elements have been identified in some resistant species isolated from environmental or clinical settings. These genes confer resistance to different antibiotic classes, including those used in therapies such as β-lactams and quinolones, and are generally located on the chromosome. Recently, a multidrug-resistant (MDR) plasmid harboring several drug resistance genes associated with transposons and integrons has been identified in Shewanella xiamenensis. These antibiotic resistance genes can circulate in the environment and contribute to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. This review describes different aspects of Shewanella, focusing on the infections caused by this genus, as well as their role in the propagation of antibiotic resistance via mobile genetic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yousfi
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, 06000, Algeria.,Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - S Bekal
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - V Usongo
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, 06000, Algeria.,Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A Touati
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, 06000, Algeria.
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Kang CH, So JS. Antibiotic and heavy metal resistance in Shewanella putrefaciens strains isolated from shellfishes collected from West Sea, Korea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 112:111-116. [PMID: 27555484 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns and distribution of heavy-metal resistance in Shewanella putrefaciens strains isolated from shellfishes collected from West Sea; and to determine the relationship, if any, between antibiotic and heavy-metal resistance in these strains. Among the 15 strains isolated, two strains, SY1 and SY2, showed heavy-metal resistance in addition to high resistance to seven antibiotics: cephalothin, gentamicin, erythromycin, vancomycin, ampicillin, rifampicin, and streptomycin. We conclude that heavy-metal contamination imposes long-term, widespread, and recalcitrant selection pressure, which potentially contributes to the maintenance and spread of antibiotic resistance factors in bacteria. Moreover, this fact holds both environmental and clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ho Kang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seong So
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Republic of Korea.
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López Aperador C, Bosh Benitez-Parodi E, Díaz N, Chamorro Buchelli I, Guerra Rodriguez R, Auyanet Saavedra I, Toledo González A, Lago MM, García C. Peritonitis by Shewanella putrefaciens: Apropos of a case. Nefrologia 2016; 36:444-5. [PMID: 27039358 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Celia López Aperador
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España.
| | - Elvira Bosh Benitez-Parodi
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
| | - N Díaz
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
| | - Ivan Chamorro Buchelli
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
| | - Rita Guerra Rodriguez
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
| | - Ingrid Auyanet Saavedra
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
| | - Agustín Toledo González
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
| | - M M Lago
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
| | - C García
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
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Mohr M, Köstler J, Salzberger B, Hanses F. Polymicrobial soft tissue infection including Shewanella putrefaciens. Infection 2016; 44:563-4. [PMID: 26718396 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-015-0868-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Mohr
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Uniklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J Köstler
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - B Salzberger
- Stabsstelle Infektiologie, Uniklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - F Hanses
- Stabsstelle Infektiologie, Uniklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany. .,Zentrale Notaufnahme, Uniklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Lobova TI, Yemelyanova E, Andreeva IS, Puchkova LI, Repin VY. Antimicrobial Resistance and Plasmid Profile of Bacterial Strains Isolated from the Urbanized Eltsovka-1 River (Russia). Microb Drug Resist 2015; 21:477-90. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2014.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana I. Lobova
- Krasnoyarsk Scientific Centre of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Elena Yemelyanova
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR of the Federal Service for Surveillance in Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina S. Andreeva
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR of the Federal Service for Surveillance in Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Larisa I. Puchkova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR of the Federal Service for Surveillance in Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir Ye Repin
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR of the Federal Service for Surveillance in Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Skin, soft tissue and systemic bacterial infections following aquatic injuries and exposures. Am J Med Sci 2015; 349:269-75. [PMID: 25374398 DOI: 10.1097/maj.0000000000000366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
: Bacterial infections following aquatic injuries occur commonly in fishermen and vacationers after freshwater and saltwater exposures. Internet search engines were queried with the key words to describe the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic and treatment strategies and outcomes of both the superficial and the deeper invasive infections caused by more common, newly emerging and unusual aquatic bacterial pathogens. Main findings included the following: (1) aquatic injuries often result in gram-negative polymicrobial infections with marine bacteria; (2) most marine bacteria are resistant to 1st- and 2nd-generation penicillins and cephalosporins; (3) nontuberculous, mycobacterial infections should be considered in late-onset, culture-negative and antibiotic-resistant marine infections; (4) superficial marine infections and pre-existing wounds exposed to seawater may result in deeply invasive infections and sepsis in immunocompromised patients. With the exception of minor marine wounds demonstrating localized cellulitis, most other marine infections and all gram-negative and mycobacterial marine infections will require therapy with antibiotic combinations.
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Pękala A, Kozińska A, Paździor E, Głowacka H. Phenotypical and genotypical characterization of Shewanella putrefaciens strains isolated from diseased freshwater fish. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2015; 38:283-293. [PMID: 24552171 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Between 2007 and 2012, a variety of disease outbreaks most often characterized by skin disorders were observed among different species of freshwater fish in Poland. In most cases, the clinical signs included focally necrotized gills, necrotic skin lesions or ulcers. Internally, haemorrhages, oedematous kidney and abnormal spleen enlargement were generally noted. The disorders were accompanied by increased mortality. Most of the problems concerned cultured common carp Cyprinus carpio L. and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Fish have been examined from a number of these farms, and additionally, the wild and ornamental fish with similar clinical signs of diseases were also tested. Bacteria were isolated consistently from lesions and internal organs. They had characteristic orange-pigmented colonies which grew in pure culture or constituted 55-95% of total bacterial flora. One hundred and eighteen isolates were collected and biochemically identified as Shewanella putrefaciens group, and this was confirmed by sequencing. Challenge tests confirmed the pathogenicity of these bacteria. This is the first report characterizing and describing S. putrefaciens as a pathogen of different species of freshwater fish in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pękala
- Department of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
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36
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Charles MVP, Srirangaraj S, Kali A. Neonatal sepsis caused by Shewanella algae: A case report. Australas Med J 2015; 8:64-6. [PMID: 25810789 DOI: 10.4066/amj.2015.2292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis remains a leading cause of mortality among neonates, especially in developing countries. Most cases of neonatal sepsis are attributed to Escherichia coli and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Shewanella algae (S. algae) is a gram-negative saprophytic bacillus, commonly associated with the marine environment, which has been isolated from humans. Early onset neonatal sepsis caused by S. algae is uncommon. We report a case of S. algae blood stream infection in a newborn with early onset neonatal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sreenivasan Srirangaraj
- Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pondicherry, India
| | - Arunava Kali
- Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pondicherry, India
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Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the bacterial microbiota of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in earthen ponds in the Philippines. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:265-75. [PMID: 25555375 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1758-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The quantity and composition of the bacterial microbiota in the rearing water, sediment, gills and intestines of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus collected every 2 weeks from Day 30 to Day 120 after stocking for grow-out culture in 6 earthen brackish water ponds in the Philippines were examined. The total heterotrophic aerobic bacterial counts obtained in the water, sediment, gills and intestines of tilapia ranged from 10(3) to 10(4) c.f.u. ml(-1), 10(3)-10(5), 10(5)-10(7) and 10(4)-10(7) c.f.u. g(-1), respectively. In terms of composition, a total of 20 bacterial genera and 31 species were identified with the preponderance of gram-negative bacteria constituting 84 % of all bacterial isolates examined. Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus spp., Plesiomonas shigelloides, Shewanella putrefaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus spp. and Vibrio cholerae were the dominant bacteria identified in the gills and intestine of tilapia. These bacteria also dominated in the pond sediment and rearing water, except for the nil isolation of S. putrefaciens and V. cholerae in the water samples examined, indicating that resident bacteria in the pond water and sediment congruently typify the composition of bacterial microbiota in the gills and intestine of tilapia which under stressful conditions may propel the ascendance of disease epizootics.
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Kim BK, Cho SY, Kang B, Kim IK, Byun JH, Park C, Choi SM. A Case of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis with Bacteremia Caused by Shewanella algae. Infect Chemother 2014; 46:264-8. [PMID: 25566408 PMCID: PMC4285008 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2014.46.4.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human infection caused by Shewanella algae is rare, which usually occurred after direct contact with seawater or ingestion of raw seafood in the immunocompromised host. There have been anecdotal reports about Shewanella infections in human, but their pathogenic role and microbiologic data are limited. Here, we report a fatal case of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with bacteremia due to S. algae in a 57-year-old male with liver cirrhosis who had no history of exposure to seawater or raw seafood. Polymicrobial infection with Streptococcus mitis and Escherichia coli was combined and the patient died in spite of early appropriate antimicrobial therapy and early goal-directed therapy for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kyoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Yeon Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea. ; Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Borami Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il-Kyu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Byun
- Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chulmin Park
- Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Mi Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea. ; Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Taherzadeh M, Katouli M, Amirinejad R, Farzaneh MR, Gharibi O. A case of wound infection caused by Shewanella algae in the south of Iran. New Microbes New Infect 2014; 2:29-30. [PMID: 25356336 PMCID: PMC4184621 DOI: 10.1002/2052-2975.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Shewanella algae was isolated from the purulent discharge in the navel area of a young male with a history of swimming in the Persian Gulf. A routine laboratory diagnosis procedure, followed by 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, was used to avoid misidentification with other species of Shewanella. The bacterium was suscetible to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, nitrophorantion, amikacin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, gentamicin and co-trimoxazole but was resistant to amoxicillin, vancomycin, doxycycline, cephalexin, ampicillin, tetracycline, cephalothin and ceftizoxime. The patient successfully recovered after treatment with antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Taherzadeh
- The Persian Gulf Health Research Centre Bushehr, Iran ; Bushehr University of Medical Sciences Bushehr, Iran
| | - M Katouli
- Genecology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health and Education, University of the Sunshine Coast Queensland, Australia
| | - R Amirinejad
- The Persian Gulf Health Research Centre Bushehr, Iran
| | - M R Farzaneh
- Bushehr University of Medical Sciences Bushehr, Iran
| | - O Gharibi
- Bushehr University of Medical Sciences Bushehr, Iran
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Systematic analysis of the association between gut flora and obesity through high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics approaches. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:906168. [PMID: 25202708 PMCID: PMC4150407 DOI: 10.1155/2014/906168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Eighty-one stool samples from Taiwanese were collected for analysis of the association between the gut flora and obesity. The supervised analysis showed that the most, abundant genera of bacteria in normal samples (from people with a body mass index (BMI) ≤ 24) were Bacteroides (27.7%), Prevotella (19.4%), Escherichia (12%), Phascolarctobacterium (3.9%), and Eubacterium (3.5%). The most abundant genera of bacteria in case samples (with a BMI ≥ 27) were Bacteroides (29%), Prevotella (21%), Escherichia (7.4%), Megamonas (5.1%), and Phascolarctobacterium (3.8%). A principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) demonstrated that normal samples were clustered more compactly than case samples. An unsupervised analysis demonstrated that bacterial communities in the gut were clustered into two main groups: N-like and OB-like groups. Remarkably, most normal samples (78%) were clustered in the N-like group, and most case samples (81%) were clustered in the OB-like group (Fisher's P value = 1.61E − 07). The results showed that bacterial communities in the gut were highly associated with obesity. This is the first study in Taiwan to investigate the association between human gut flora and obesity, and the results provide new insights into the correlation of bacteria with the rising trend in obesity.
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Loss of P16/INK4A protein expression is a common abnormality in Hodgkin’s lymphoma. International Journal of Biological and Life Sciences 5:215-220, 2009. https://www.academia.edu/22807816/Loss_of_P16_INK4A. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 76:85-8. [PMID: 24125128 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ananth AL, Nassiri N, Pamoukian VN. Shewanella algae: a rare cause of necrotizing fasciitis. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2013; 15:336-8. [PMID: 24116855 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2012.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Shewanella consists of motile, gram-negative, facultative anaerobes found in marine environments. Shewanella putrefaciens and Shewanella algae are the two species with documented pathogenicity in human beings. Most documented cases of S. algae infection worldwide have been reported in the context of bacteremia, cellulitis, and acute exacerbations of chronic otitis media in predisposed individuals. We report a rare case of necrotizing soft tissue infection by S. algae in an immunocompetent individual. The infection followed exposure to S. algae in contaminated water in New York City, New York. METHODS We reviewed the English-language literature on similar cases of soft tissue infection using PubMed. Search terms included "Shewanella algae" and "Shewanella putrefaciens" in conjunction with "necrotizing" and "infection." Cognizant that this search method may not have yielded early (pre-1985) reports about Shewanella because of changes in classification and nomenclature, we also searched for "Pseudomonas putrefaciens." RESULTS After prompt surgical debridement and culture-directed antibiotic therapy, the patient recovered from his infection without the need for re-intervention. CONCLUSIONS This case may reflect the geographic spread and emergence of S. algae infection in the United States. Clinicians should be aware of the virulence of S. algae and potential for the rapid clinical deterioration of persons it infects even among immunocompetent individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi L Ananth
- The Lenox Hill Heart and Vascular Institute of New York , New York, New York
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43
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Abstract
Shewanella putrefaciens is a Gram-negative bacillus with a distinguishable characteristic of hydrogen sulfide production and routinely found in a marine environment. This organism has been cultured as a pathogen in a small number of soft tissue infections, but has rarely been the causative agent in osteomyelitis. This case report details calcaneal osteomyelitis due to S putrefaciens in a 77-year-old male with bilateral heel ulcerations and peripheral vascular disease.
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Wang D, Wang Y, Huang H, Lin J, Xiao D, Kan B. Identification of tetrodotoxin-producing Shewanella spp. from feces of food poisoning patients and food samples. Gut Pathog 2013; 5:15. [PMID: 23782739 PMCID: PMC3734009 DOI: 10.1186/1757-4749-5-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Shewanella spp. is infrequently recovered from clinical specimens. Following two outbreaks of food poisoning, eight Shewanella spp. strains were obtained from the fecal specimens of patients, food and food processing-related materials. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) was identified in the culture supernatants of these strains, and the toxin's biological activity was detected using a mouse bioassay. This study suggested that Shewanella strains can colonize and survive in human intestines. The study also raises the issues of the accumulation of TTX produced by Shewanella in food and the possible role of TTX-producing Shewanella in food poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duochun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control/Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, P.O. Box 5, Beijing, Changping, China
| | - Yonglu Wang
- Ma'anshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ma'anshan, China
| | - Hongnan Huang
- Center for Diseases Control and Prevention of Fujian Province, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Center for Diseases Control and Prevention of Fujian Province, Fujian, China
| | - Di Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control/Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, P.O. Box 5, Beijing, Changping, China
| | - Biao Kan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control/Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, P.O. Box 5, Beijing, Changping, China
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Vignier N, Barreau M, Olive C, Baubion E, Théodose R, Hochedez P, Cabié A. Human infection with Shewanella putrefaciens and S. algae: report of 16 cases in Martinique and review of the literature. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2013; 89:151-6. [PMID: 23690548 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Shewanella spp. are saprophytic bacteria that are part of the marine microflora in warm climates and are rarely pathogenic. However, Shewanella spp. infections are being increasingly reported, and there has been no comprehensive review of the literature describing these infections. This article reports 16 cases of Shewanella spp. infections in Martinique since 1997 and reviews another 239 cases reported in the literature since 1973. Patients experienced soft tissue infections, ear infection, or abdominal and biliary tract infections. A skin or mucosal portal of entry was found for 53% of the patients and exposure to the marine environment was reported for 44%; 79% of patients had an underlying condition. Bacteriema were frequent (28%). Most (87%) patients recovered, although ear infections can become chronic. Death occurred in 13% of the patients. Most Shewanella spp. isolates are susceptible to cefotaxime (95%), piperacillin and tazobactam (98%), gentamicin (99%), and ciprofloxacin (94%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Vignier
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Fort-de-France, Fort-de-France, Martinique.
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Oh SY, Lee SJ, Park JM. A Case of Endophthalmitis Caused by Shewanella algaeafter Trauma. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2013. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2013.54.2.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Yeop Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maryknoll Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Soo Jung Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haeundae Paek Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jung Min Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maryknoll Hospital, Busan, Korea
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Liu PY, Lin CF, Tung KC, Shyu CL, Wu MJ, Liu JW, Chang CS, Chan KW, Huang JA, Shi ZY. Clinical and microbiological features of shewanella bacteremia in patients with hepatobiliary disease. Intern Med 2013; 52:431-8. [PMID: 23411697 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.52.8152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Shewanella bacteremia is an uncommon but potentially fatal disease. Although hepatobiliary diseases have been proposed to be risk factors for various Shewanella infections, little is known about the features of Shewanella bacteremia in patients with hepatobiliary diseases. This study aims to characterize the presentation and risk factors of Shewanella bacteremia in patients with hepatobiliary diseases. METHODS We retrospectively investigated the clinical features, microbiology and outcomes of patients with Shewanella bacteremia who were admitted to a tertiary medical center between January 2001 and December 2010. All isolates were confirmed to the species level using 16S rRNA sequencing analyses. The English language medical literature was searched for previously published reports. RESULTS Fifty-nine cases of Shewanella bacteremia, including nine at the hospital, were identified, 28 (47.4%) of which involved underlying hepatobiliary diseases, representing an important risk factor. In 12 of the 28 cases, the infections involved the hepatobiliary system; with a tendency towards an Asian origin. In our case series of nine patients, Shewanella haliotis was isolated in five patients. The majority of our patients lived in coastal areas, consumed seafood regularly and developed bacteremia during the summer season. CONCLUSION It is recommended that the possibility for Shewanella infection be considered in patients with bacteremia and also underlying hepatobiliary diseases, particularly if patients present with hepatobiliary infections, a history of seafood, or development of the disease during the summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
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Janda JM, Abbott SL. The genusShewanella: from the briny depths below to human pathogen. Crit Rev Microbiol 2012; 40:293-312. [DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2012.726209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Basir N, Yong AML, Chong VH. Shewanella putrefaciens, a rare cause of splenic abscess. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2012; 45:151-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Revised: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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