1
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Polic D, Yıldırım Y, Merilaita S, Franzén M, Forsman A. Genetic structure, UV-vision, wing coloration and size coincide with colour polymorphism in Fabriciana adippe butterflies. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17272. [PMID: 38240162 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Colour polymorphisms have long served as model systems in evolutionary studies and continue to inform about processes involved in the origin and dynamics of biodiversity. Modern sequencing tools allow for evaluating whether phenotypic differences between morphs reflect genetic differentiation rather than developmental plasticity, and for investigating whether polymorphisms represent intermediate stages of diversification towards speciation. We investigated phenotypic and genetic differentiation between two colour morphs of the butterfly Fabriciana adippe using a combination of ddRAD-sequencing and comparisons of body size, colour patterns and optical properties of bright wing spots. The silvery-spotted adippe form had larger and darker wings and reflected UV light, while the yellow cleodoxa form displayed more green scales and reflected very little UV, showcasing that they constitute distinct and alternative integrated phenotypes. Genomic analyses revealed genetic structuring according to source population, and to colour morph, suggesting that the phenotypic differentiation reflects evolutionary modifications. We report 17 outlier loci associated with colour morph, including ultraviolet-sensitive visual pigment (UVRh1), which is associated with intraspecific communication and mate choice in butterflies. Together with the demonstration that the wings of the adippe (but essentially not the cleodoxa) morph reflect UV light, that UV reflectance is higher in females than males and that morphs differ in wing size, this suggests that these colour morphs might represent genetically integrated phenotypes, possibly adapted to different microhabitats. We propose that non-random mating might contribute to the differentiation and maintenance of the polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Polic
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Yeşerin Yıldırım
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Sami Merilaita
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Franzén
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Anders Forsman
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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2
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Fitschen-Brown M, Morris M. Genotype and growth rate influence female mate preference in Xiphophorus multilineatus: Potential selection to optimize mortality-growth rate tradeoff. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287843. [PMID: 37384757 PMCID: PMC10310027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The extent to which mate preferences are adaptive requires a better understanding of the factors that influence variation in mate preferences. Xiphophorus multilineatus is a live-bearing fish with males that exhibit alternative reproductive tactics (courter/sneaker). We examined the influence of a female's genotype (courter vs sneaker lineage), growth rate, and social experience on mate preference for courter as compared to sneaker males. We found that females with a sneaker genotype and slower growth rates had stronger mate preferences for the faster growing courter males than females with a courter genotype, regardless of mating experience with one or both types of males. In addition, the relationship between strength of preference and growth rate depended on a females' genotype; females with sneaker genotypes decreased their preference as their growth rates increased, a pattern that trended in the opposite direction for females from the courter genotypes. Disassortative mating preferences are predicted to evolve when heterozygous offspring benefit from increased fitness. Given male tactical dimorphism in growth rates and a mortality-growth rate tradeoff previously detected in this species, the variation in mating preferences for the male tactics we detected may be under selection to optimize the mortality-growth rate tradeoff for offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Fitschen-Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America
- The Ohio Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, Ohio University, Athens OH, United States of America
| | - Molly Morris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America
- The Ohio Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, Ohio University, Athens OH, United States of America
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3
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Vaisarova J, Reynolds AJ. Is more child-initiated always better? Exploring relations between child-initiated instruction and preschoolers' school readiness. EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT, EVALUATION AND ACCOUNTABILITY 2022; 34:195-226. [PMID: 35978565 PMCID: PMC9380854 DOI: 10.1007/s11092-021-09376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although research suggests that the use of child-initiated vs. teacher-directed instructional practices in early childhood education has implications for learning and development, the precise nature of these effects remains unclear. Using data from the Midwest Child-Parent Center (CPC) Expansion Project, the present study examined the possibility that a blend of child- and teacher-directed practices best promotes school readiness among preschoolers experiencing high levels of sociodemographic risk and explored whether the optimal blend varies based on child characteristics. Sixty-two CPC preschool teachers reported their instructional practices throughout the year, using a newly developed questionnaire - the Classroom Activity Report (CAR). The average reported proportion of child-initiated instruction was examined in relation to students' end-of-year performance on a routine school readiness assessment (N = 1,289). Although there was no main effect of child-initiated instruction on school readiness, there was a significant interaction between instruction and student age. Four-year-olds' school readiness generally improved as the proportion of child-initiated time increased, while three-year-olds showed a U-shaped pattern. The present findings add to the evidence that child-initiated instruction might support preschoolers' school readiness, although they also suggest this relation may not always be linear. They also point to the importance of examining instructional strategies in relation to student characteristics, in order to tailor strategies to the student population. The CAR has potential as a brief, practical measurement tool that can support program monitoring and professional development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arthur J Reynolds
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN
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4
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Aguilar P, Andrade P, Afonso S, Carretero MÁ, Pérez i de Lanuza G, Pinho C. No genomic repercussions of assortative pairing in a colour polymorphic lizard. J Evol Biol 2022; 35:648-656. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prem Aguilar
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources InBIO Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning CIBIO Campus de Vairão Vairão Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Pedro Andrade
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources InBIO Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning CIBIO Campus de Vairão Vairão Portugal
| | - Sandra Afonso
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources InBIO Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning CIBIO Campus de Vairão Vairão Portugal
| | - Miguel Á. Carretero
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources InBIO Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning CIBIO Campus de Vairão Vairão Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Guillem Pérez i de Lanuza
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources InBIO Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning CIBIO Campus de Vairão Vairão Portugal
- Ethology Lab Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva Universitat de València València Spain
| | - Catarina Pinho
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources InBIO Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning CIBIO Campus de Vairão Vairão Portugal
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5
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Chelini MC, Brock K, Yeager J, Edwards DL. Environmental drivers of sexual dimorphism in a lizard with alternative mating strategies. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:1241-1255. [PMID: 34101919 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the relative importance of sexual and natural selection in shaping morphological traits is a long-standing goal of evolutionary ecology. Male-biased sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is typically associated with male-male competition. Similarly, male polymorphisms are considered a consequence of competitive social interactions. This classic paradigm overlooks the fact that environmental factors mediate social interactions and can lead to ecological adaptations. Common side-blotched lizards, Uta stansburiana, are a model system for this paradigm due to well-known rock-paper-scissors social dynamics between male morphs. SSD in this species has been considered primarily a consequence of social interactions, with male size resulting from the number of morphs in each population and female size being constrained through fecundity benefits. We test if the environment explains intraspecific variation in SSD and number of male morphs in U. stansburiana. By compiling data from 49 populations, we show that environmental variables are stronger predictors of SSD than the number of male morphs. Similarly, we show that the environment mediates SSD and potentially contributes to morph loss in colder environments. We propose that the environment favours smaller males in areas of high seasonality. Our results demonstrate the importance of the environment as a mediator of SSD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kinsey Brock
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Justin Yeager
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Danielle L Edwards
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
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6
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Abalos J, Pérez i de Lanuza G, Bartolomé A, Aubret F, Uller T, Font E. Viability, behavior, and color expression in the offspring of matings between common wall lizard Podarcis muralis color morphs. Curr Zool 2021; 68:41-55. [PMID: 35169628 PMCID: PMC8836344 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Color polymorphisms are widely studied to identify the mechanisms responsible for the origin and maintenance of phenotypic variability in nature. Two of the mechanisms of balancing selection currently thought to explain the long-term persistence of polymorphisms are the evolution of alternative phenotypic optima through correlational selection on suites of traits including color and heterosis. Both of these mechanisms can generate differences in offspring viability and fitness arising from different morph combinations. Here, we examined the effect of parental morph combination on fertilization success, embryonic viability, newborn quality, antipredator, and foraging behavior, as well as inter-annual survival by conducting controlled matings in a polymorphic lacertid Podarcis muralis, where color morphs are frequently assumed to reflect alternative phenotypic optima (e.g., alternative reproductive strategies). Juveniles were kept in outdoor tubs for a year in order to study inter-annual growth, survival, and morph inheritance. In agreement with a previous genome-wide association analysis, morph frequencies in the year-old juveniles matched the frequencies expected if orange and yellow expressions depended on recessive homozygosity at 2 separate loci. Our findings also agree with previous literature reporting higher reproductive output of heavy females and the higher overall viability of heavy newborn lizards, but we found no evidence for the existence of alternative breeding investment strategies in female morphs, or morph-combination effects on offspring viability and behavior. We conclude that inter-morph breeding remains entirely viable and genetic incompatibilities are of little significance for the maintenance of discrete color morphs in P. muralis from the Pyrenees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Abalos
- Ethology Lab, Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillem Pérez i de Lanuza
- Ethology Lab, Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alicia Bartolomé
- Ethology Lab, Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fabien Aubret
- SETE, Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UPR2001, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Tobias Uller
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Enrique Font
- Ethology Lab, Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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7
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Doyle S, Gray A, McMahon BJ. Anthropogenic impacts on the demographics of Arctic-breeding birds. Polar Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02756-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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8
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Stuart‐Fox D, Aulsebrook A, Rankin KJ, Dong CM, McLean CA. Convergence and divergence in lizard colour polymorphisms. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 96:289-309. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Devi Stuart‐Fox
- School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Royal Parade Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Anne Aulsebrook
- School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Royal Parade Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Katrina J. Rankin
- School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Royal Parade Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Caroline M. Dong
- School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Royal Parade Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
- Sciences Department Museums Victoria 11 Nicholson Street Carlton Gardens VIC 3053 Australia
| | - Claire A. McLean
- School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Royal Parade Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
- Sciences Department Museums Victoria 11 Nicholson Street Carlton Gardens VIC 3053 Australia
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9
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Physiological Stress Integrates Resistance to Rattlesnake Venom and the Onset of Risky Foraging in California Ground Squirrels. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12100617. [PMID: 32992585 PMCID: PMC7601495 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12100617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Using venom for predation often leads to the evolution of resistance in prey. Understanding individual variation in venom resistance is key to unlocking basic mechanisms by which antagonistic coevolution can sustain variation in traits under selection. For prey, the opposing challenges of predator avoidance and resource acquisition often lead to correlated levels of risk and reward, which in turn can favor suites of integrated morphological, physiological and behavioral traits. We investigate the relationship between risk-sensitive behaviors, physiological resistance to rattlesnake venom, and stress in a population of California ground squirrels. For the same individuals, we quantified foraging decisions in the presence of snake predators, fecal corticosterone metabolites (a measure of “stress”), and blood serum inhibition of venom enzymatic activity (a measure of venom resistance). Individual responses to snakes were repeatable for three measures of risk-sensitive behavior, indicating that some individuals were consistently risk-averse whereas others were risk tolerant. Venom resistance was lower in squirrels with higher glucocorticoid levels and poorer body condition. Whereas resistance failed to predict proximity to and interactions with snake predators, individuals with higher glucocorticoid levels and in lower body condition waited the longest to feed when near a snake. We compared alternative structural equation models to evaluate alternative hypotheses for the relationships among stress, venom resistance, and behavior. We found support for stress as a shared physiological correlate that independently lowers venom resistance and leads to squirrels that wait longer to feed in the presence of a snake, whereas we did not find evidence that resistance directly facilitates latency to forage. Our findings suggest that stress may help less-resistant squirrels avoid a deadly snakebite, but also reduces feeding opportunities. The combined lethal and non-lethal effects of stressors in predator–prey interactions simultaneously impact multiple key traits in this system, making environmental stress a potential contributor to geographic variation in trait expression of toxic predators and resistant prey.
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10
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Brady SP, Bolnick DI, Angert AL, Gonzalez A, Barrett RD, Crispo E, Derry AM, Eckert CG, Fraser DJ, Fussmann GF, Guichard F, Lamy T, McAdam AG, Newman AE, Paccard A, Rolshausen G, Simons AM, Hendry AP. Causes of maladaptation. Evol Appl 2019; 12:1229-1242. [PMID: 31417611 PMCID: PMC6691215 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary biologists tend to approach the study of the natural world within a framework of adaptation, inspired perhaps by the power of natural selection to produce fitness advantages that drive population persistence and biological diversity. In contrast, evolution has rarely been studied through the lens of adaptation's complement, maladaptation. This contrast is surprising because maladaptation is a prevalent feature of evolution: population trait values are rarely distributed optimally; local populations often have lower fitness than imported ones; populations decline; and local and global extinctions are common. Yet we lack a general framework for understanding maladaptation; for instance in terms of distribution, severity, and dynamics. Similar uncertainties apply to the causes of maladaptation. We suggest that incorporating maladaptation-based perspectives into evolutionary biology would facilitate better understanding of the natural world. Approaches within a maladaptation framework might be especially profitable in applied evolution contexts - where reductions in fitness are common. Toward advancing a more balanced study of evolution, here we present a conceptual framework describing causes of maladaptation. As the introductory article for a Special Feature on maladaptation, we also summarize the studies in this Issue, highlighting the causes of maladaptation in each study. We hope that our framework and the papers in this Special Issue will help catalyze the study of maladaptation in applied evolution, supporting greater understanding of evolutionary dynamics in our rapidly changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P. Brady
- Biology DepartmentSouthern Connecticut State UniversityNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Daniel I. Bolnick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutMansfieldCTUSA
| | - Amy L. Angert
- Departments of Botany and ZoologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Andrew Gonzalez
- Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Stewart BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
| | - Rowan D.H. Barrett
- Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Stewart BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Redpath MuseumMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
| | - Erika Crispo
- Department of BiologyPace UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Alison M. Derry
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Stewart BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Département des sciences biologiquesUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontréalQCCanada
| | | | | | - Gregor F. Fussmann
- Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Stewart BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
| | - Frederic Guichard
- Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Stewart BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
| | - Thomas Lamy
- Département de sciences biologiquesUniversité de MontréalMontréalQCCanada
- Marine Science InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCAUSA
| | - Andrew G. McAdam
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | - Amy E.M. Newman
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | | | - Gregor Rolshausen
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F)Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | | | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Stewart BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Redpath MuseumMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
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11
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Becker LA, Boretto JM, Cabezas-Cartes F, Márquez S, Kubisch E, Scolaro JA, Sinervo B, Ibargüengoytía NR. An integrative approach to elucidate the taxonomic status of five species ofPhymaturusGravenhorst, 1837 (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. Zool J Linn Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zly043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro A Becker
- Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologı́as Biológicas y Geoambientales, CONICET-UNComahue, Quintral 1250, S. C. de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Jorgelina M Boretto
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente, CONICET-UNComahue, Quintral, S. C. de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Facundo Cabezas-Cartes
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente, CONICET-UNComahue, Quintral, S. C. de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Márquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente, CONICET-UNComahue, Quintral, S. C. de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Erika Kubisch
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente, CONICET-UNComahue, Quintral, S. C. de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - José A Scolaro
- Centro Nacional Patagónico, CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Trelew, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Barry Sinervo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Nora R Ibargüengoytía
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente, CONICET-UNComahue, Quintral, S. C. de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
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12
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SINERVO B, MILES DB, WU Y, MÉNDEZ-DE LA CRUZ FR, KIRCHHOF S, QI Y. Climate change, thermal niches, extinction risk and maternal-effect rescue of toad-headed lizards, Phrynocephalus
, in thermal extremes of the Arabian Peninsula to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Integr Zool 2018; 13:450-470. [DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry SINERVO
- The Institute for the Study of the Ecological and Evolutionary Climate Impacts, University of California, and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California; Santa Cruz California USA
| | - Donald B. MILES
- Department of Biological Sciences; Ohio University; Athens Ohio USA
| | - Yayong WU
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Fausto R. MÉNDEZ-DE LA CRUZ
- Laboratory of Herpetology, Institute of Biology; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Mexico City Mexico
| | - Sebastian KIRCHHOF
- Museum of Natural History, Leibniz-Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, and Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB); Berlin Germany
| | - Yin QI
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu Sichuan China
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13
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Kenison EK, Weldy PY, Williams RN. There must be something in the water: assessing the behavioral responses of rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) to fish and amphibian predator kairomones. J ETHOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-017-0529-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Friedman D, Magnani J, Paranjpe D, Sinervo B. Evolutionary games, climate and the generation of diversity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184052. [PMID: 28859142 PMCID: PMC5578633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental stochasticity and climate affect outcomes in evolutionary games, which can thereby affect biological diversity. Our maximum likelihood (ML) estimates of replicator dynamics for morph frequency data from control (25 years) and three experimentally perturbed populations (14 years) of side-blotched lizards yield a 3 × 3 payoff matrix in the generalized Rock-Paper-Scissors family; it has intransitive best replies, and each strategy is its own worst reply. ML estimates indicate significant interactive effects of density and temperature on morph frequency. Implied dynamics feature a powerful interior attractor and recover (for the first time) observed 4-5 year oscillations. Our evolutionary experiment on morph frequency confirms that oscillations are driven by frequency dependent selection, but climate entrains the cycles across the perturbed and control populations within 10 generations. Applying the model across the species range, we find that climate also accounts for morph fixation and mating system diversity, suggesting climate may similarly impact ecosystem diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Friedman
- Economics Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jacopo Magnani
- Division of Social Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dhanashree Paranjpe
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Dept, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Barry Sinervo
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Dept, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
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15
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Svensson EI. Back to basics: using colour polymorphisms to study evolutionary processes. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:2204-2211. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik I. Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit; Department of Biology; Lund University; SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
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16
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Mokkonen M, Koskela E, Mappes T, Mills SC. Evolutionary Conflict Between Maternal and Paternal Interests: Integration with Evolutionary Endocrinology. Integr Comp Biol 2016; 56:146-58. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Painting CJ, Probert AF, Townsend DJ, Holwell GI. Multiple exaggerated weapon morphs: a novel form of male polymorphism in harvestmen. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16368. [PMID: 26542456 PMCID: PMC4635406 DOI: 10.1038/srep16368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative reproductive tactics in animals are commonly associated with distinct male phenotypes resulting in polymorphism of sexually selected weapons such as horns and spines. Typically, morphs are divided between small (unarmed) and large (armed) males according to one or more developmental thresholds in association with body size. Here, we describe remarkable weapon trimorphism within a single species, where two exaggerated weapon morphs and a third morph with reduced weaponry are present. Male Pantopsalis cheliferoides harvestmen display exaggerated chelicerae (jaws) which are highly variable in length among individuals. Across the same body size spectrum, however, some males belong to a distinct second exaggerated morph which possesses short, broad chelicerae. Multiple weapon morphs in a single species is a previously unknown phenomenon and our findings have significant implications for understanding weapon diversity and maintenance of polymorphism. Specifically, this species will be a valuable model for testing how weapons diverge by being able to test directly for the circumstances under which a certain weapon type is favoured and how weapon shape relates to performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina J Painting
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Anna F Probert
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Daniel J Townsend
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Gregory I Holwell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Santos FJ, Oliveira RF, Jin X, Costa RM. Corticostriatal dynamics encode the refinement of specific behavioral variability during skill learning. eLife 2015; 4:e09423. [PMID: 26417950 PMCID: PMC4616249 DOI: 10.7554/elife.09423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning to perform a complex motor task requires the optimization of specific behavioral features to cope with task constraints. We show that when mice learn a novel motor paradigm they differentially refine specific behavioral features. Animals trained to perform progressively faster sequences of lever presses to obtain reinforcement reduced variability in sequence frequency, but increased variability in an orthogonal feature (sequence duration). Trial-to-trial variability of the activity of motor cortex and striatal projection neurons was higher early in training and subsequently decreased with learning, without changes in average firing rate. As training progressed, variability in corticostriatal activity became progressively more correlated with behavioral variability, but specifically with variability in frequency. Corticostriatal plasticity was required for the reduction in frequency variability, but not for variability in sequence duration. These data suggest that during motor learning corticostriatal dynamics encode the refinement of specific behavioral features that change the probability of obtaining outcomes. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09423.001 Learning a new motor skill typically involves a degree of trial and error. Movements that achieve the desired outcome—from catching a ball to playing scales—are repeated and refined until they can be produced on demand. This process is made more difficult as the activity of individual neurons and muscle fibers can vary at random, and this reduces the ability to reproduce a given movement precisely and reliably. It has been suggested that the motor system overcomes this problem by identifying those parts of a task that are essential for achieving the end goal, and then focusing resources on reducing the variability in the performance of those parts alone. Santos et al. now provide direct evidence in support of this proposal by recording the activity of neurons in motor regions of the mouse brain as the animals learn a lever pressing task. By giving mice a food reward each time they pressed the lever four times in a row, Santos et al. trained the animals to press the lever in bouts. The experiment was then slightly modified, so that the mice had to perform the four lever presses more rapidly in order to earn their reward. Consistent with predictions, the average speed of lever pressing initially varied greatly, but this variability decreased as the animals learned the task. By contrast, the total duration of individual bouts of lever pressing—which depends largely on the number of times the mice press the lever—was just as variable after training as before. A similar pattern emerged for the activity of individual motor neurons in the mouse brain. Whereas their activity initially varied greatly, this variability decreased over training. Moreover, it became increasingly linked to the variability in the speed of lever pressing, but not with the variability in the duration of individual bouts. The work of Santos et al. has thus shown in real time how the motor system focuses its efforts on reducing variability in those specific parts of a task that are essential for achieving a goal. Without a process called corticostriatal plasticity, by which the motor system adapts, mice could not refine this variability. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09423.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando J Santos
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Fundação Champalimaud, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo F Oliveira
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Fundação Champalimaud, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Xin Jin
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Rui M Costa
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Fundação Champalimaud, Lisbon, Portugal
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