1
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Bustillo JPO, Paino J, Barnes M, Cameron M, Rosenfeld AB, Lerch MLF. Characterization of selected additive manufacturing materials for synchrotron monochromatic imaging and broad-beam radiotherapy at the Australian synchrotron-imaging and medical beamline. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:115055. [PMID: 38718813 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad48f7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Objective.This study aims to characterize radiological properties of selected additive manufacturing (AM) materials utilizing both material extrusion and vat photopolymerization technologies. Monochromatic synchrotron x-ray images and synchrotron treatment beam dosimetry were acquired at the hutch 3B and 2B of the Australian Synchrotron-Imaging and Medical Beamline.Approach.Eight energies from 30 keV up to 65 keV were used to acquire the attenuation coefficients of the AM materials. Comparison of theoretical, and experimental attenuation data of AM materials and standard solid water for MV linac was performed. Broad-beam dosimetry experiment through attenuated dose measurement and a Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation were done for the studied materials to investigate its attenuation properties specific for a 4 tesla wiggler field with varying synchrotron radiation beam qualities.Main results.Polylactic acid (PLA) plus matches attenuation coefficients of both soft tissue and brain tissue, while acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, Acrylonitrile styrene acrylate, and Draft resin have close equivalence to adipose tissue. Lastly, PLA, co-polyester plus, thermoplastic polyurethane, and White resins are promising substitute materials for breast tissue. For broad-beam experiment and simulation, many of the studied materials were able to simulate RMI457 Solid Water and bolus within ±10% for the three synchrotron beam qualities. These results are useful in fabricating phantoms for synchrotron and other related medical radiation applications such as orthovoltage treatments.Significance and conclusion.These 3D printing materials were studied as potential substitutes for selected tissues such as breast tissue, adipose tissue, soft-tissue, and brain tissue useful in fabricating 3D printed phantoms for synchrotron imaging, therapy, and orthovoltage applications. Fabricating customizable heterogeneous anthropomorphic phantoms (e.g. breast, head, thorax) and pre-clinical animal phantoms (e.g. rodents, canine) for synchrotron imaging and radiotherapy using AM can be done based on the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Paul O Bustillo
- Center for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong Australia, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita, Manila City 1000, Metro Manila, The Philippines
| | - Jason Paino
- Center for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong Australia, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Micah Barnes
- Center for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong Australia, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Imaging and Medical Beamline, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation- Australian Synchrotron, Kulin Nation, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Matthew Cameron
- Imaging and Medical Beamline, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation- Australian Synchrotron, Kulin Nation, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Anatoly B Rosenfeld
- Center for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong Australia, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Michael L F Lerch
- Center for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong Australia, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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2
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Qingyu Y, Yubo W, Youwei T. Ultrashort and high-collimation X/γ-rays generated by nonlinear inverse Thomson scattering between off-axis electrons and circularly polarized intense laser pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:27723-27734. [PMID: 37710841 DOI: 10.1364/oe.494538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The properties of nonlinear inverse Thomson scattering (NITS) are investigated in the collision between a circularly polarized tightly focused intense laser pulse and a relativistic off-axis electron with numerical simulations. Due to the asymmetric effect of the laser field on the off-axis electrons, the electron trajectory is torqued to the off-axis direction, and the symmetry of the spatial radiation is also destroyed, which causes the concentrations of the radiation in the off-axis direction. With the increase of laser intensity, the torsion effect is more obvious, the radiation collimation improves, the direction turns to sideways. With the increase of electron's initial energy, the direction turns back to backwards and the degree of off-axis effect decreases. In both cases, the power exponentially enhances, the pulse width shortens, the spectrum broadens and super-continuity appears. With the laser intensity, the duration of sideways X-ray pulse from the low-energy (2.61MeV) electron is only 0.2 as, and the normalized intensity reaches 109. While using ultra-high-energy (100MeV) electrons, the duration of backwards γ-ray pulse reaches 1.22 zs, and the normalized intensity reaches 1017. These results help the understanding of nonlinear Thomson scattering and provide important numerical references for the research of NITS as high-quality X-ray and γ-ray sources.
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3
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Bazin D, Foy E, Reguer S, Rouzière S, Fayard B, Colboc H, Haymann JP, Daudon M, Mocuta C. The crucial contribution of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy in medicine. CR CHIM 2022. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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4
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Ackermann M. [On the way to the virtual microscope: synchrotron-radiation-based three-dimensional imaging in pathology]. PATHOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 43:15-20. [PMID: 36378286 PMCID: PMC9665030 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-022-01161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Ackermann
- Institut für Pathologie und Molekularpathologie, Helios Universitätsklinikum Wuppertal, Universität Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstr. 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Deutschland. .,Institut für Funktionelle und Klinische Anatomie, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland.
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5
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Chang Y, Zeng Z, Wang C, Long Z, Tian Y. Modulation of high-energy γ-rays by collision of an ultra-high-energy electron with a tightly focused circularly polarized laser pulse. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:6038-6045. [PMID: 36255840 DOI: 10.1364/ao.459665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Using an ultra-high-energy (γ⩾1000) electron to collide with laser pulses to generate high-energy γ-rays is an important way to treat cancer. We investigate a method for modulating high-energy γ-rays with higher energy and more collimation using tightly focused circularly polarized laser pulses colliding with an ultra-high-energy electron. Theoretical derivation and numerical simulation within the framework of classical electrodynamics show that higher electron initial energy, stronger laser intensity, and a longer pulse can generate higher γ-ray energy. The high-energy γ-rays generated by an electron with higher initial energies are more collimated. The increase of the laser intensity and the increase of the pulse width will increase the angular range of the high-energy γ-rays. At the same time, the phenomenon of the "jumping point," in which the radiation energy varies with the laser intensity, was found. Our findings have important implications for modulating better high-energy γ-ray sources.
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6
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Ramsey D, Malaca B, Di Piazza A, Formanek M, Franke P, Froula DH, Pardal M, Simpson TT, Vieira J, Weichman K, Palastro JP. Nonlinear Thomson scattering with ponderomotive control. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:065201. [PMID: 35854579 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.065201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In nonlinear Thomson scattering, a relativistic electron reradiates the photons of a laser pulse, converting optical light to x rays or beyond. While this extreme frequency conversion offers a promising source for probing high-energy-density materials and driving uncharted regimes of nonlinear quantum electrodynamics, conventional nonlinear Thomson scattering has inherent trade-offs in its scaling with laser intensity. Here we discover that the ponderomotive control afforded by spatiotemporal pulse shaping enables regimes of nonlinear Thomson scattering that substantially enhance the scaling of the radiated power, emission angle, and frequency with laser intensity. By appropriately setting the velocity of the intensity peak, a spatiotemporally shaped pulse can increase the power radiated by orders of magnitude. The enhanced scaling with laser intensity allows for operation at significantly lower electron energies or intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ramsey
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B Malaca
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal
| | - A Di Piazza
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Formanek
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Franke
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Pardal
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal
| | - T T Simpson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Vieira
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal
| | - K Weichman
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J P Palastro
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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Synchrotron X-ray Radiation (SXR) in Medical Imaging: Current Status and Future Prospects. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12083790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Synchrotron X-ray radiation (SXR) has been widely studied to explore the structure of matter. Recently, there has been an intense focus on the medical application of SXR in imaging. This review is intended to explore the latest applications of SXR in medical imaging and to shed light on the advantages and drawbacks of this modality. The article highlights the latest developments in other fields that can greatly enhance the capability and applicability of SXR. The potentials of using machine and deep learning (DL)-based methods to generate synthetic images to use in regular clinics along with the use of photon counting X-ray detectors for spectral medical imaging with SXR are also discussed.
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8
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Lu H, Zheng Z, Qiu J, Qian Y, Wang JQ, Lin J. Unveiling the new function of uranyl molecular clusters as fluorometric sensors for UV and X-ray dosimetry. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3041-3045. [PMID: 35133375 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04225d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple synthetic modulation based on uranyl acetate and phenanthroline has resulted in two uranyl clusters (1 and 2) with different topologies and nuclearities. Notably, the dimeric complex exhibits distinct luminescence quenching upon UV and X-ray irradiation with detection limits of 4.30 × 10-6 J and 0.32 Gy, respectively. To advance the practical application, 1 was further fabricated with polyvinylidene fluoride into a flexible strip as a UV and X-ray indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangjie Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jia Luo Road, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhaofa Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jia Luo Road, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jie Qiu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Yuan Qian
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jia Luo Road, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Qiang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jia Luo Road, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jian Lin
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.
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9
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Zheng Z, Qiu J, Lu H, Wang JQ, Lin J. Luminometric dosimetry of X-ray radiation by a zwitterionic uranium coordination polymer. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12878-12881. [PMID: 35496343 PMCID: PMC9048573 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00440b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel X-ray dosimeter based on a uranium coordination polymer has been developed by the judicious synergy between the luminescent uranyl centres and zwitterionic tritopic ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofa Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jia Luo Road, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jie Qiu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Huangjie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jia Luo Road, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jia Luo Road, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jian Lin
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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10
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Gamma radiation shielding performance of CuxAg(1-x)-alloys: Experimental, theoretical and simulation results. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2021.104036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Wang Y, Lou H, Yue CY, Lei XW. Applications of Halide Perovskites in X-ray Detection and Imaging. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01575c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
X-ray detection plays an extremely significant function in medical diagnosis, nondestructive testing, safety testing, scientific research, environmental monitoring and other practical applications. However, conventional inorganic semiconductors such as amorphous selenium,...
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12
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Liu C, Wang X, Zhang Q, Chen D, Dong J. Studies on Location of Acupoints with X-ray Fluorescence Analysis Based on Synchrotron Radiation. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND HEALTH INFORMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jmihi.2021.3766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Acupuncture and moxibustion are commonly accepted treatments in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). One of the important issues of interest is determining the accurate location of acupoints in acupuncture. Modern hightechnology methods were utilized to verify the accuracy of acupoint
positions in TCM, reducing the uncertainty of manually locating the positions. The acupoint location was established according to the richness of trace elements (TEs). The relative content of TEs was perceived by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. The distribution of TEs was determined after
the dates were calibrated and the processes were optimized. The relative content of TEs was significantly different in acupoint and non-acupoint areas. There was an uneven distribution of calcium, iron, copper, and zinc in the sample. The relative content of these elements was increased in
the acupuncture areas, and the standard deviation was also relatively large, especially for calcium, showing obvious enrichment. According to the enriched area of the TEs, the distance was about 6 mm between the conception channel and the kidney meridian, and the distance to the stomach meridian
was about 23 mm for the rabbit sample. The position of the acupoints and spacing of meridians, which were determined according to the enrichment of TEs, were consistent with the TCM theory. The results show that synchrotron radiation-based XRF is a suitable method for determining the location
of acupoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Dongliang Chen
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Juncai Dong
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
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13
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Hannasch A, Laso Garcia A, LaBerge M, Zgadzaj R, Köhler A, Couperus Cabadağ JP, Zarini O, Kurz T, Ferrari A, Molodtsova M, Naumann L, Cowan TE, Schramm U, Irman A, Downer MC. Compact spectroscopy of keV to MeV X-rays from a laser wakefield accelerator. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14368. [PMID: 34257331 PMCID: PMC8277848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We reconstruct spectra of secondary X-rays from a tunable 250–350 MeV laser wakefield electron accelerator from single-shot X-ray depth-energy measurements in a compact (7.5 × 7.5 × 15 cm), modular X-ray calorimeter made of alternating layers of absorbing materials and imaging plates. X-rays range from few-keV betatron to few-MeV inverse Compton to > 100 MeV bremsstrahlung emission, and are characterized both individually and in mixtures. Geant4 simulations of energy deposition of single-energy X-rays in the stack generate an energy-vs-depth response matrix for a given stack configuration. An iterative reconstruction algorithm based on analytic models of betatron, inverse Compton and bremsstrahlung photon energy distributions then unfolds X-ray spectra, typically within a minute. We discuss uncertainties, limitations and extensions of both measurement and reconstruction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hannasch
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1081, USA
| | - A Laso Garcia
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - M LaBerge
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1081, USA.,The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - R Zgadzaj
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1081, USA
| | - A Köhler
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - J P Couperus Cabadağ
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - O Zarini
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - T Kurz
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Ferrari
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Molodtsova
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - L Naumann
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - T E Cowan
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - U Schramm
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Irman
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - M C Downer
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1081, USA.
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14
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Kimoto N, Hayashi H, Lee C, Maeda T, Ando M, Kanazawa Y, Katsumata A, Yamamoto S, Okada M. A novel algorithm for extracting soft-tissue and bone images measured using a photon-counting type X-ray imaging detector with the help of effective atomic number analysis. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 176:109822. [PMID: 34256271 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Most of the objects targeted for X-ray examination are composed of soft-tissue and bone. We aimed to develop an algorithm for generating X-ray images which can give quantitative information of soft-tissue and bone using an energy-resolving photon-counting type imaging detector. We used polychromatic X-rays for analysis in which both the beam hardening effect and detector response were properly corrected and then succeeded in virtually treating the amount of measured X-ray attenuation as if it were measured using monochromatic X-rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Kimoto
- College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, 920-0942, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Hayashi
- College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, 920-0942, Japan.
| | - Cheonghae Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, 920-0942, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Maeda
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, 920-0942, Japan.
| | - Miku Ando
- School of Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, 920-0942, Japan.
| | - Yuki Kanazawa
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
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15
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Lu H, Zheng Z, Li ZJ, Bao H, Guo X, Guo X, Lin J, Qian Y, Wang JQ. Achieving UV and X-ray Dual Photochromism in a Metal-Organic Hybrid via Structural Modulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:2745-2752. [PMID: 33405513 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rational design and synthesis of new photochromic sensors have been active research areas of inquiry, particularly on how to predict and tailor their properties and functionalities. Herein, two thulium 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine-4'-carboxylate (TPC)-functionalized metal-organic hybrids, Tm(TPC)2(HCOO)(H2O) (TmTPC-1) and Tm(TPC)(HCOO)2 (TmTPC-2) with different photochromic response behaviors, have been successfully prepared, allowing for straightforward investigations of the structure-property correlation. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electron paramagnetic resonance analyses revealed that the incorporation of a unique dangling decorating TPC unit in TmTPC-1 offers a shorter and more accessible π-π interaction pathway between the adjacent TPC moieties than that in TmTPC-2. Such a structural feature leads to the production of radical species via a photoinduced intermolecular electron-transfer (IeMCT) process upon UV or X-ray irradiation, which ultimately endows TmTPC-1 with a rather unusual UV and X-ray dual photochromism. A linear relationship between the change of UV-vis absorbance intensity and X-ray dose was established, making TmTPC-1 a promising dosimeter for X-ray radiation with an extremely high energy threshold (30 kGy). To advance the development for real-world application, we have fabricated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes incorporating TmTPC-1 for functioning either as a UV imager or as an X-ray radiation indicator. Lastly, TmTPC-1 exhibits high thermal stability (up to 400 °C) and radioresistance (at least 900 kGy), and also excellent reversibility of photochromic transformation (at least 5 cycles).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangjie Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jia Luo Road, Shanghai 201800, China
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jia Luo Road, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaofa Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jia Luo Road, Shanghai 201800, China
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jia Luo Road, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zi-Jian Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jia Luo Road, Shanghai 201800, China
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jia Luo Road, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongliang Bao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jia Luo Road, Shanghai 201800, China
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jia Luo Road, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Alexandra Navrotsky Institute for Experimental Thermodynamics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, United States
| | - Jian Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jia Luo Road, Shanghai 201800, China
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jia Luo Road, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan Qian
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jia Luo Road, Shanghai 201800, China
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jia Luo Road, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jia Luo Road, Shanghai 201800, China
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jia Luo Road, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China
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16
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X-ray dark-field phase-contrast imaging: Origins of the concept to practical implementation and applications. Phys Med 2020; 79:188-208. [PMID: 33342666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic idea of X-ray dark-field imaging (XDFI), first presented in 2000, was based on the concepts used in an X-ray interferometer. In this article, we review 20 years of developments in our theoretical understanding, scientific instrumentation, and experimental demonstration of XDFI and its applications to medical imaging. We first describe the concepts underlying XDFI that are responsible for imparting phase contrast information in projection X-ray images. We then review the algorithms that can convert these projection phase images into three-dimensional tomographic slices. Various implementations of computed tomography reconstructions algorithms for XDFI data are discussed. The next four sections describe and illustrate potential applications of XDFI in pathology, musculoskeletal imaging, oncologic imaging, and neuroimaging. The sample applications that are presented illustrate potential use scenarios for XDFI in histopathology and other clinical applications. Finally, the last section presents future perspectives and potential technical developments that can make XDFI an even more powerful tool.
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17
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Buckley JG, Dowling JA, Sidhom M, Liney GP, Rai R, Metcalfe PE, Holloway LC, Keall PJ. Pelvic organ motion and dosimetric implications during horizontal patient rotation for prostate radiation therapy. Med Phys 2020; 48:397-413. [PMID: 33151543 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Gantry-free radiation therapy systems utilizing patient rotation would be simpler and more cost effective than the conventional gantry-based systems. Such a system could enable the expansion of radiation therapy to meet global demand and reduce capital costs. Recent advances in adaptive radiation therapy could potentially be applied to correct for gravitational deformation during horizontal patient rotation. This study aims to quantify the pelvic organ motion and the dosimetric implications of horizontal rotation for prostate intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatments. METHODS Eight human participants who previously received prostate radiation therapy were imaged in a clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner using a bespoke patient rotation system (PRS). The patients were imaged every 45 degrees during a full roll rotation (0-360 degrees). Whole pelvic bone, prostate, rectum, and bladder motion were compared to the supine position using dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and mean absolute surface distance (MASD). Prostate centroid motion was compared in the left-right (LR), superior-inferior (SI), and anterior-posterior (AP) direction prior to and following pelvic bone-guided rigid registration. Seven-field prostate IMRT treatment plans were generated for each patient rotation angles under three adaption scenarios: No plan adaption, rigid planning target volume (PTV)-guided alignment to the prostate, and plan re-optimization. Prostate, rectum, and bladder doses were compared for each adaption scenario. RESULTS Pelvic bone motion within the PRS of up to 53 mm relative to the supine position was observed for some participants. Internal organ motion was greatest at the 180-degree PRS couch angle (prone), with prostate centroid motion range < 2 mm LR, 0 mm to 14 mm SI, and -11 mm to 4 mm AP. Rotation with no adaption of the treatment plan resulted in an underdose to the PTV -- in some instances up to 75% (D95%: 78 ± 0.3 Gy at supine to 20 ± 15.0 Gy at the 225-degree PRS couch angle). Bladder dose was reduced during the rotation by up to 98% (V60 Gy: 15.0 ± 9.4% supine to 0.3 ± 0.5% at the 225-degree PRS couch angle). In some instances, the rectum dose increased during rotation (V60Gy: 20.0 ± 4.5% supine to 25.0 ± 15.0% at the 135-degree PRS couch angle). Rigid PTV-guided alignment resulted in PTV coverage which, though statistically lower (P < 0.05 for all D95% values), was within 1 Gy of the supine plans. Plan re-optimization resulted in a statistically equivalent PTV coverage compared to the supine plans (P > 0.05 for all D95% metrics and all within ±0.4 Gy). For both rigid PTV-guided alignment and plan re-optimization, rectum dose volume metrics were reduced compared to the supine position between the 90- and 225-degree PRS couch angles (P < 0.05). Bladder dose volume metrics were not impacted by rotation. CONCLUSION Pelvic bone and internal organ motion are present during patient rotation. Rigid PTV-guided alignment to the prostate will be a requirement if prostate IMRT is to be safely delivered using patient rotation. Plan re-optimization for each PRS couch angle to account for anatomical deformations further improves the PTV coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Buckley
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - J A Dowling
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- CSIRO Australian eHealth Research Centre, Herston, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M Sidhom
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Liverpool and Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G P Liney
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Liverpool and Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R Rai
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- Liverpool and Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - P E Metcalfe
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - L C Holloway
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Liverpool and Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Institute of Medical Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - P J Keall
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- ACRF Image-X Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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18
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Tie S, Zhao W, Huang W, Xin D, Zhang M, Yang Z, Long J, Chen Q, Zheng X, Zhu J, Zhang WH. Efficient X-ray Attenuation Lead-Free AgBi 2I 7 Halide Rudorffite Alternative for Sensitive and Stable X-ray Detection. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7939-7945. [PMID: 32842746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The poor attenuation capability of high-energy X-ray photons hinders the application of X-ray detectors in medical and astrophysical areas. Halide-based perovskites are promising candidates for X-ray detection because of their improved sensitivity. However, their inferior attenuation coefficient is still unsatisfactory for broadband X-ray detection. Here, a new kind of X-ray detection material, AgBi2I7 rudorffite single crystal (SC), is prepared and applied in X-ray detection for the first time, and it shows a higher attenuation coefficient than halide-based perovskites, commercialized a-Se, and the currently outstanding Cd0.9Zn0.1Te (CZT). The AgBi2I7 rudorffite SCs possess outstanding electric properties and excellent stability. AgBi2I7-SC detectors demonstrate a limit of detection (LoD) of 72 nGyair s-1 and a sensitivity of 282.5 μC Gyair-1cm-2 to X-rays and show only a slight performance degradation after ontinuous X-ray irradiation with a total dose of 58 Gyair. This work opens up a new perspective and broad opportunities for halide rudorffite in X-ray detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Tie
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Deyu Xin
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jidong Long
- Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaojia Zheng
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wen-Hua Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
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19
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Li P, Xu Y, Cao Y, Wu T. 3D Digital Anatomic Angioarchitecture of the Rat Spinal Cord: A Synchrotron Radiation Micro-CT Study. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:41. [PMID: 32792915 PMCID: PMC7387706 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive analysis of 3D angioarchitecture within the intact rat spinal cord remains technically challenging due to its sophisticated anatomical properties. In this study, we aim to present a framework for ultrahigh-resolution digitalized mapping of the normal rat spinal cord angioarchitecture and to determine the physiological parameters using synchrotron radiation micro-CT (SRμCT). Male SD rats were used in this ex vivo study. After a proportional mixture of contrast agents perfusion, the intact spinal cord covered the cervical spinal from the upper of the 1st cervical vertebra to the 5th lumbar vertebra was harvested and cut into proper lengths within three distinct regions: Cervical 3–5 levels, Thoracic 10–12 levels, Lumbar 3–5 levels spinal cord and examined using SRμCT. This method enabled the replication of the complicated microvasculature network of the normal rat spinal cord at the ultrahigh-resolution level, allowing for the precise quantitative analysis of the vascular morphological difference among cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal cord in a 3D manner. Apart from a series of delicate 3D digital anatomical maps of the rat spinal cord angioarchitecture ranging from the cervical and thoracic to the lumbar spinal cord were presented, the 3D reconstruction data of SRμCT made the 3D printing of the spinal cord targeted selected microvasculature reality, that possibly provided deep insight into the nature and role of spinal cord intricate angioarchitecture. Our data proposed a new approach to outline systematic visual and quantitative evaluations on the 3D arrangement of the entire hierarchical microvasculature of the normal rat spinal cord at ultrahigh resolution. The technique may have great potential and become useful for future research on the poorly understood nature and function of the neurovascular interaction, particularly to investigate their pathology changes in various models of neurovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Early Life Development and Disease Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tianding Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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20
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Jiang L, Cao Y, Liu Z, Ni S, Liu J, Ha Y, Luo Z, Li C, Liu S, Li J, Yin X, Wu T, Lu H, Hu J. SRμCT Reveals 3D Microstructural Alterations of the Vascular and Neuronal Network in a Rat Model of Chronic Compressive Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury. Aging Dis 2020; 11:603-617. [PMID: 32489705 PMCID: PMC7220295 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex pathology of chronic thoracic spinal cord compression involves vascular and neuroarchitectural repair processes that are still largely unknown. In this study, we used synchrotron radiation microtomography (SRμCT) to quantitatively characterize the 3D temporal-spatial changes in the vascular and neuronal network after chronic thoracic spinal cord compression in order to obtain further insights into the pathogenesis of this disease and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms. Direct 3D characterization of the spinal cord microvasculature and neural microstructure of the thoracic spinal cord was successfully reconstructed. The significant reduction in vasculature and degeneration of neurons in the thoracic spinal cord visualized via SRμCT after chronic compression were consistent with the changes detected by immunofluorescence staining. The 3D morphological measurements revealed significant reductions of neurovascular parameters in the thoracic spinal cord after 1 month of compression and became even worse after 6 months without relief of compression. In addition, the distinct 3D morphological twist and the decrease in branches of the central sulcal artery after chronic compression vividly displayed that these could be the potential triggers leading to blood flow reduction and neural deficits of the thoracic spinal cord. Our findings propose a novel methodology for the 3D analysis of neurovascular repair in chronic spinal cord compression, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results indicated that compression simultaneously caused vascular dysfunction and neuronal network impairment, which should be acknowledged as concurrent events after chronic thoracic spinal cord injury. Combining neuroprotection with vasoprotection may provide promising therapeutic targets for chronic thoracic spinal cord compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Jiang
- 1Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,2Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Cao
- 1Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,2Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- 3The First Chenzhou People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Shuangfei Ni
- 1Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,2Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Liu
- 3The First Chenzhou People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Yoon Ha
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Zixiang Luo
- 1Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,2Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Chengjun Li
- 1Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,2Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- 1Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingsong Li
- 5Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianzhen Yin
- 6Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianding Wu
- 1Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,2Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- 2Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,7Department of Sports Medicine, Research Centre of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- 1Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,2Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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21
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Sun M, Lv W, Zhao X, Qin L, Zhao Y, Xin X, Jian J, Chen X, Hu C. Vascular branching geometry relating to portal hypertension: a study of liver microvasculature in cirrhotic rats by X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2020; 10:116-127. [PMID: 31956535 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.11.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Portal hypertension is one of the major complications of cirrhosis. The changes in hepatic microvasculature are considered as critical pathophysiological characteristics of portal hypertension. X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography (PCCT) is a new imaging technique that can detect liver vessels at a micrometric level without contrast agents. Methods In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats with liver cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or bile duct ligation (BDL) were investigated with PCCT. The portal pressures of rats were recorded before euthanasia. The branch angle and Murray's deviation (MD) were measured based on the branching geometry of the three-dimensional (3D) microvasculature of liver cirrhosis in rats. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the correlation between branching geometry and portal pressure in liver fibrosis. Results The results demonstrated that the branch angle and MD significantly increased in the CCl4 model and BDL model compared with their corresponding normal group or sham group. The portal pressure was significantly correlated with the branching morphologic features (all R≥0.761 and P<0.01). Conclusions The branch angle and MD could accurately distinguish portal pressure in cirrhotic rats, suggesting that branching geometric characteristics of the microvasculature may be a promising marker in the prognosis of portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wenjuan Lv
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lili Qin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiaohong Xin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jianbo Jian
- Radiation Oncology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology, Ministry of Education (Tianjin University), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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22
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Brombal L, Arfelli F, Delogu P, Donato S, Mettivier G, Michielsen K, Oliva P, Taibi A, Sechopoulos I, Longo R, Fedon C. Image quality comparison between a phase-contrast synchrotron radiation breast CT and a clinical breast CT: a phantom based study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17778. [PMID: 31780707 PMCID: PMC6882794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54131-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we compared the image quality of a synchrotron radiation (SR) breast computed tomography (BCT) system with a clinical BCT in terms of contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), noise power spectrum (NPS), spatial resolution and detail visibility. A breast phantom consisting of several slabs of breast-adipose equivalent material with different embedded targets (i.e., masses, fibers and calcifications) was used. Phantom images were acquired using a dedicated BCT system installed at the Radboud University Medical Center (Nijmegen, The Netherlands) and the SR BCT system at the SYRMEP beamline of Elettra SR facility (Trieste, Italy) based on a photon-counting detector. Images with the SR setup were acquired mimicking the clinical BCT conditions (i.e., energy of 30 keV and radiation dose of 6.5 mGy). Images were reconstructed with an isotropic cubic voxel of 273 µm for the clinical BCT, while for the SR setup two phase-retrieval (PhR) kernels (referred to as “smooth” and “sharp”) were alternatively applied to each projection before tomographic reconstruction, with voxel size of 57 × 57 × 50 µm3. The CNR for the clinical BCT system can be up to 2-times higher than SR system, while the SNR can be 3-times lower than SR system, when the smooth PhR is used. The peak frequency of the NPS for the SR BCT is 2 to 4-times higher (0.9 mm−1 and 1.4 mm−1 with smooth and sharp PhR, respectively) than the clinical BCT (0.4 mm−1). The spatial resolution (MTF10%) was estimated to be 1.3 lp/mm for the clinical BCT, and 5.0 lp/mm and 6.7 lp/mm for the SR BCT with the smooth and sharp PhR, respectively. The smallest fiber visible in the SR BCT has a diameter of 0.15 mm, while for the clinical BCT is 0.41 mm. Calcification clusters with diameter of 0.13 mm are visible in the SR BCT, while the smallest diameter for the clinical BCT is 0.29 mm. As expected, the image quality of the SR BCT outperforms the clinical BCT system, providing images with higher spatial resolution and SNR, and with finer granularity. Nevertheless, this study assesses the image quality gap quantitatively, giving indications on the benefits associated with SR BCT and providing a benchmarking basis for its clinical implementation. In addition, SR-based studies can provide a gold-standard in terms of achievable image quality, constituting an upper-limit to the potential clinical development of a given technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Brombal
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy.,INFN Division of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fulvia Arfelli
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy.,INFN Division of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Pasquale Delogu
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy.,INFN Division of Pisa, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sandro Donato
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy.,INFN Division of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mettivier
- Department of Physics, University of Napoli Federico II, 80126, Fuorigrotta Napoli, Italy.,INFN Division of Napoli, 80126, Fuorigrotta Napoli, Italy
| | - Koen Michielsen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Piernicola Oliva
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy.,INFN Division of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato Cagliari, Italy
| | - Angelo Taibi
- Department of Physics and Earth Science, University of Ferrara, 44122, Ferrara, Italy.,INFN Division of Ferrara, 44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ioannis Sechopoulos
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Dutch Expert Center for Screening (LRCB), 6503 GJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Renata Longo
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy. .,INFN Division of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Christian Fedon
- INFN Division of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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23
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Jordan SW, Janes LE, Sood R, Jakus AE, Soriano C, Stock SR, Dumanian GA. A direct method for measuring surface area of polymer mesh using synchrotron x-radiation microComputed tomography: a pilot study. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab43f8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Halttunen N, Lerouge F, Chaput F, Vandamme M, Karpati S, Si-Mohamed S, Sigovan M, Boussel L, Chereul E, Douek P, Parola S. Hybrid Nano-GdF 3 contrast media allows pre-clinical in vivo element-specific K-edge imaging and quantification. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12090. [PMID: 31431689 PMCID: PMC6702219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48641-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) is a widely used imaging modality. Among the recent technical improvements to increase the range of detection for optimized diagnostic, new devices such as dual energy CT allow elemental discrimination but still remain limited to two energies. Spectral photon-counting CT (SPCCT) is an emerging X-ray imaging technology with a completely new multiple energy detection and high spatial resolution (200 μm). This unique technique allows detection and quantification of a given element thanks to an element-specific increase in X-ray absorption for an energy (K-band) depending on its atomic number. The main contrast media used hitherto are iodine-based compounds but the K-edge of iodine (33.2 keV) is out of the range of detection. Therefore, it is crucial to develop contrast media suitable for this advanced technology. Gadolinium, well known and used element for MRI, possess a K-edge (50.2 keV) well suited for the SPCCT modality. The use of nano-objects instead of molecular entities is pushed by the necessity of high local concentration. In this work, nano-GdF3 is validated on a clinical based prototype, to be used as efficient in vivo contrast media. Beside an extremely high stability, it presents long lasting time in the blood pool allowing perfusion imaging of small animals, without apparent toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Halttunen
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5182, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France
| | - Frederic Lerouge
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5182, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France.
| | - Frederic Chaput
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5182, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France
| | - Marc Vandamme
- VOXCAN, 1 avenue Bourgelat, 69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Szilvia Karpati
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5182, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France
| | - Salim Si-Mohamed
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220, INSERM U1206, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Radiology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Monica Sigovan
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220, INSERM U1206, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Loic Boussel
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220, INSERM U1206, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Philippe Douek
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220, INSERM U1206, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Radiology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Stephane Parola
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5182, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France.
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25
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Cao Y, Zhang M, Ding H, Chen Z, Tang B, Wu T, Xiao B, Duan C, Ni S, Jiang L, Luo Z, Li C, Zhao J, Liao S, Yin X, Fu Y, Xiao T, Lu H, Hu J. Synchrotron radiation micro-tomography for high-resolution neurovascular network morphology investigation. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:607-618. [PMID: 31074423 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519003060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in using high-resolution micro-tomography to investigate the morphology of neurovascular networks in the central nervous system, which remain difficult to characterize due to their microscopic size as well as their delicate and complex 3D structure. Synchrotron radiation X-ray imaging, which has emerged as a cutting-edge imaging technology with a high spatial resolution, provides a novel platform for the non-destructive imaging of microvasculature networks at a sub-micrometre scale. When coupled with computed tomography, this technique allows the characterization of the 3D morphology of vasculature. The current review focuses on recent progress in developing synchrotron radiation methodology and its application in probing neurovascular networks, especially the pathological changes associated with vascular abnormalities in various model systems. Furthermore, this tool represents a powerful imaging modality that improves our understanding of the complex biological interactions between vascular function and neuronal activity in both physiological and pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuohui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianding Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyue Duan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangfei Ni
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixiang Luo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengjun Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyun Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghui Liao
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzhen Yin
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalan Fu
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility/Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 21204, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiqiao Xiao
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility/Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 21204, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
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Mastrogiacomo M, Campi G, Cancedda R, Cedola A. Synchrotron radiation techniques boost the research in bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2019; 89:33-46. [PMID: 30880235 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
X-ray Synchrotron radiation-based techniques, in particular Micro-tomography and Micro-diffraction, were exploited to investigate the structure of bone deposited in vivo within a porous ceramic scaffold. Bone formation was studied by implanting Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) seeded ceramic scaffolds in a mouse model. Osteoblasts derived from the seeded MSC and from differentiation of cells migrated within the scaffold together with the blood vessels, deposited within the scaffold pores an organic collagenous matrix on which a precursor mineral amorphous liquid-phase, containing Ca++ and PO4-- crystallized filling the gaps between the collagen molecules. Histology offered a valid instrument to investigate the engineered tissue structure, but, unfortunately, limited itself to a macroscopic analysis. The evolution of the X-ray Synchrotron radiation-based techniques and the combination of micro X-ray diffraction with X-ray phase-contrast imaging enabled to study the dynamic of the structural and morphological changes occurring during the new bone deposition, biomineralization and vascularization. In fact, the unique features of Synchrotron radiation, is providing the high spatial resolution probe which is necessary for the study of complex materials presenting heterogeneity from micron-scale to meso- and nano-scale. Indeed, this is the occurrence in the heterogeneous and hierarchical bone tissue where an organic matter, such as the collagenous matrix, interacts with mineral nano-crystals to generate a hybrid multiscale biomaterial with unique physical properties. In this framework, the use of advanced synchrotron radiation techniques allowed to understand and to clarify fundamental aspects of the bone formation process within the bioceramic, i.e. biomineralization and vascularization, including to obtain deeper knowledge on bone deposition, mineralization and reabsorption in different health, aging and pathological conditions. In this review we present an overview of the X-ray Synchrotron radiation techniques and we provide a general outlook of their applications on bone Tissue Engineering, with a focus on our group work. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Synchrotron Radiation techniques for Tissue Engineering In this review we report recent applications of X-ray Synchrotron radiation-based techniques, in particular Microtomography and Microdiffraction, to investigations on the structure of ceramic scaffolds and bone tissue regeneration. Tissue engineering has made significant advances in bone regeneration by proposing the use of mesenchymal stem cells in combination with various types of scaffolds. The efficacy of the biomaterials used to date is not considered optimal in terms of resorbability and bone formation, resulting in a poor vascularization at the implant site. The review largely based on our publications in the last ten years could help the study of the regenerative model proposed. We also believe that the new imaging technologies we describe could be a starting point for the development of additional new techniques with the final aim of transferring them to the clinical practice.
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Edwards NP, Webb SM, Krest CM, van Campen D, Manning PL, Wogelius RA, Bergmann U. A new synchrotron rapid-scanning X-ray fluorescence (SRS-XRF) imaging station at SSRL beamline 6-2. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:1565-1573. [PMID: 30179198 PMCID: PMC6140386 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a new large-range rapid-scan X-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging station at beamline 6-2 at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. This station uses a continuous rapid-scan system with a scan range of 1000 × 600 mm and a load capacity of up to 25 kg, capable of 25-100 µm resolution elemental XRF mapping and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of a wide range of objects. XRF is measured using a four-element Hitachi Vortex ME4 silicon drift detector coupled to a Quantum Detectors Xspress3 multi-channel analyzer system. A custom system allows the X-ray spot size to be changed quickly and easily via pinholes ranging from 25 to 100 µm, and the use of a poly-capillary or axially symmetric achromatic optic may achieve a <10 µm resolution in the future. The instrument is located at wiggler beamline 6-2 which has an energy range of 2.1-17 keV, creating K emission for elements up to strontium, and L or M emission for all other elements. XAS can also be performed at selected sample positions within the same experiment, allowing for a more detailed chemical characterization of the elements of interest. Furthermore, sparse excitation energy XRF imaging can be performed over a wide range of incident X-ray energies. User friendliness has been emphasized in all stages of the experiment, including versatile sample mounts, He purged chambers for low-Z analyses, and intuitive visualization hardware and software. The station provides analysis capabilities for a wide range of materials and research fields including biological, chemical, environmental and materials science, paleontology, geology and cultural heritage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P. Edwards
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Samuel M. Webb
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Courtney M. Krest
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Douglas van Campen
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Phillip L. Manning
- School of Earth and Environmental Science, Interdisciplinary Centre for Ancient Life, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Roy A. Wogelius
- School of Earth and Environmental Science, Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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Wu D, Wong MD, Li Y, Fajardo L, Zheng B, Wu X, Liu H. Quantitative investigation of the edge enhancement in in-line phase contrast projections and tomosynthesis provided by distributing microbubbles on the interface between two tissues: a phantom study. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:9357-9376. [PMID: 29161236 PMCID: PMC5731655 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa9548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to quantitatively investigate the ability to distribute microbubbles along the interface between two tissues, in an effort to improve the edge and/or boundary features in phase contrast imaging. The experiments were conducted by employing a custom designed tissue simulating phantom, which also simulated a clinical condition where the ligand-targeted microbubbles are self-aggregated on the endothelium of blood vessels surrounding malignant cells. Four different concentrations of microbubble suspensions were injected into the phantom: 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4%. A time delay of 5 min was implemented before image acquisition to allow the microbubbles to become distributed at the interface between the acrylic and the cavity simulating a blood vessel segment. For comparison purposes, images were acquired using three system configurations for both projection and tomosynthesis imaging with a fixed radiation dose delivery: conventional low-energy contact mode, low-energy in-line phase contrast and high-energy in-line phase contrast. The resultant images illustrate the edge feature enhancements in the in-line phase contrast imaging mode when the microbubble concentration is extremely low. The quantitative edge-enhancement-to-noise ratio calculations not only agree with the direct image observations, but also indicate that the edge feature enhancement can be improved by increasing the microbubble concentration. In addition, high-energy in-line phase contrast imaging provided better performance in detecting low-concentration microbubble distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 110 West Boyd Street, Norman, OK 73019, United States of America
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Whelan B, Welgampola M, McGarvie L, Makhija K, Turner RM, Holloway L, Feain I, Jackson M, Barton M, Keall P. Patient reported outcomes of slow, single arc rotation: Do we need rotating gantries? J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2017; 62:553-561. [PMID: 29139207 DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patient rotation could greatly simplify radiation therapy delivery, with particularly important ramifications for fixed beam treatment with protons, heavy ions, MRI-Linacs, and low cost Linacs. Patient tolerance is often cited as a barrier to widespread implementation to patient rotation; however, no quantitative data addressing this issue exists. In this study, patient reported experiences of slow, single arc rotation in upright (sitting) and lying orientations are reported. METHODS Fifteen patients currently or previously treated for cancer were slowly (~2 rpm) rotated in upright and lying orientations using an existing medical device. Patients were rotated 360° in 45° increments. Rotation was paused for 30 seconds at each angle to simulate beam delivery. Claustrophobia, anxiety and motion sickness were monitored via validated questionnaires. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to test for significant differences in anxiety and motion sickness before, during and after the study. RESULTS No significant differences in anxiety or motion sickness were found between before and after the study, or upright and lying rotation (P > 0.05). The median percentage scores for anxiety and motion sickness immediately following the study were both 0. In general, anxiety and motion sickness scores were low throughout the study. All patients except one completed the study. CONCLUSIONS Slow, single arc rotation in upright and lying orientations was well tolerated in this study. These results support the need for further studies into the clinical implementation of patient rotation, which could have a major impact on the practice and cost of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Whelan
- Radiation Physics Laboratory, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, UNSW, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Miriam Welgampola
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leigh McGarvie
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kuldeep Makhija
- Radiation Physics Laboratory, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robin M Turner
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lois Holloway
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, UNSW, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- Liverpool and Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centres, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- South Western Sydney Central School, School of Medicine, University of NSW, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ilana Feain
- Radiation Physics Laboratory, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Jackson
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Barton
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, UNSW, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- South Western Sydney Central School, School of Medicine, University of NSW, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Keall
- Radiation Physics Laboratory, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, UNSW, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
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Liao S, Ni S, Cao Y, Yin X, Wu T, Lu H, Hu J, Wu H, Lang Y. The 3D characteristics of post-traumatic syringomyelia in a rat model: a propagation-based synchrotron radiation microtomography study. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2017; 24:1218-1225. [PMID: 29091065 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517011201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many published literature sources have described the histopathological characteristics of post-traumatic syringomyelia (PTS). However, three-dimensional (3D) visualization studies of PTS have been limited due to the lack of reliable 3D imaging techniques. In this study, the imaging efficiency of propagation-based synchrotron radiation microtomography (PB-SRµCT) was determined to detect the 3D morphology of the cavity and surrounding microvasculature network in a rat model of PTS. The rat model of PTS was established using the infinite horizon impactor to produce spinal cord injury (SCI), followed by a subarachnoid injection of kaolin to produce arachnoiditis. PB-SRµCT imaging and histological examination, as well as fluorescence staining, were conducted on the animals at the tenth week after SCI. The 3D morphology of the cystic cavity was vividly visualized using PB-SRµCT imaging. The quantitative parameters analyzed by PB-SRµCT, including the lesion and spared spinal cord tissue area, the minimum and maximum diameters in the cystic cavity, and cavity volume, were largely consistent with the results of the histological assessment. Moreover, the 3D morphology of the cavity and surrounding angioarchitecture could be simultaneously detected on the PB-SRµCT images. This study demonstrated that high-resolution PB-SRµCT could be used for the 3D visualization of trauma-induced spinal cord cavities and provides valuable quantitative data for cavity characterization. PB-SRµCT could be used as a reliable imaging technique and offers a novel platform for tracking cavity formation and morphological changes in an experimental animal model of PTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Liao
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangfei Ni
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzhen Yin
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianding Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Lang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
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Wu D, Wong MD, Yang K, Yan A, Li Y, Fajardo L, Zheng B, Wu X, Liu H. Using Microbubble as Contrast Agent for High-Energy X-Ray In-line Phase Contrast Imaging: Demonstration and Comparison Study. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2017; 65:1117-1123. [PMID: 28829304 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2017.2741942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The ability of microbubbles to benefit the imaging quality of high-energy in-line phase contrast as compared with conventional low-energy contact mode radiography was investigated. The study was conducted by comparing in-line phase contrast imaging with conventional contact-mode projection imaging under the same dose delivered to a phantom. A custom-designed phantom was employed to simulate a segment of human blood vessel injected with microbubble suspensions. The microbubbles were suspended in deionized water to obtain different volume concentrations. The area contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) values corresponding to both imaging methods were measured for different microbubble volume concentrations. The phase contrast images were processed by phase-attenuation duality phase retrieval to preserve the imaging quality. Comparison of the resultant CNR values indicates that the microbubble suspension images deliver a higher CNR than the water-only image, with monotonically increasing trends between the CNR values and microbubble concentrations. Compared to low-energy conventional images of the microbubble suspensions, high-energy in-line phase contrast CNRs are lower at high concentrations and are comparable, even better than, at low concentrations. This result suggests that 1) the performance of copolymer-shell microbubble employed in this study as x-ray contrast agent is constrained by the detective quantum efficiency of the system and the attenuation properties of the shell materials, 2) the phase-attenuation duality phase retrieval method has the potential to preserve image quality for areas with low concentration of microbubbles, and 3) the selection of microbubble products as a phase contrast agent may follow criteria of minimizing the impact of absorption attenuation properties of the shells and maximizing the difference factor of electron densities.
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Yi E, Han SM, Chang JE, Kim HT, Kim JK, Seo SJ, Chung JH, Jheon S. Synchrotron tomographic images from human lung adenocarcinoma: Three-dimensional reconstruction and histologic correlations. Microsc Res Tech 2017; 80:1141-1148. [PMID: 28730614 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution tomographic images using synchrotron X-rays are expected to provide detailed reflection of microstructures, thereby allowing for the examination of histologic structures without destruction of the specimen. This study aims to evaluate the synchrotron tomographic images of mixed ground-glass opacity excised on 5-mm sections in comparison to pathologic examination. The Institutional Review Board of our institute approved this retrospective study, and written informed consent was obtained from each patient whose lung tissue would be used. Obtained lung cancer specimens were brought to the multiple Wiggler 6C beam line at the Pohang Light Source (PLS-II) in Korea, and phase contrast X-ray images were obtained in November 2016. The X-ray emanated from a bending magnet of the electron storage ring with electron energy of 3 GeV, and a typical beam current was 320 mA. Reconstructed tomographic images were compared with images from histologic slides obtained from the same samples. Pulmonary microstructures including terminal bronchioles, alveolar sacs, and vasculature were identified with phase contrast X-ray images. Images from normal lung tissue and mixed ground-glass opacity were clearly distinguishable. Hyperplasia of the interalveolar septum and dysplasia of microstructure were clearly identified. The imaging findings correlated well with hematoxylin-eosin stained specimens. Tomographic images using synchrotron radiation have the potential for clinical applications. With refinement, this technique may become a diagnostic tool for detection of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjue Yi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Mi Han
- Anatomy, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongbuk, 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Chang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, 13602, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Tae Kim
- Anatomy, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongbuk, 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ki Kim
- Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongbuk, 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jun Seo
- Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongbuk, 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Haeng Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, 13602, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Jheon
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, 13602, Republic of Korea.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
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Elgqvist J. Nanoparticles as Theranostic Vehicles in Experimental and Clinical Applications-Focus on Prostate and Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1102. [PMID: 28531102 PMCID: PMC5455010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate and breast cancer are the second most and most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and women worldwide, respectively. The American Cancer Society estimates that during 2016 in the USA around 430,000 individuals were diagnosed with one of these two types of cancers, and approximately 15% of them will die from the disease. In Europe, the rate of incidences and deaths are similar to those in the USA. Several different more or less successful diagnostic and therapeutic approaches have been developed and evaluated in order to tackle this issue and thereby decrease the death rates. By using nanoparticles as vehicles carrying both diagnostic and therapeutic molecular entities, individualized targeted theranostic nanomedicine has emerged as a promising option to increase the sensitivity and the specificity during diagnosis, as well as the likelihood of survival or prolonged survival after therapy. This article presents and discusses important and promising different kinds of nanoparticles, as well as imaging and therapy options, suitable for theranostic applications. The presentation of different nanoparticles and theranostic applications is quite general, but there is a special focus on prostate cancer. Some references and aspects regarding breast cancer are however also presented and discussed. Finally, the prostate cancer case is presented in more detail regarding diagnosis, staging, recurrence, metastases, and treatment options available today, followed by possible ways to move forward applying theranostics for both prostate and breast cancer based on promising experiments performed until today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörgen Elgqvist
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Feain I, Coleman L, Wallis H, Sokolov R, O'Brien R, Keall P. Technical Note: The design and function of a horizontal patient rotation system for the purposes of fixed-beam cancer radiotherapy. Med Phys 2017; 44:2490-2502. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Feain
- Radiation Physics Laboratory; Sydney Medical School; The University of Sydney; NSW 2006 Australia
| | | | | | | | - Ricky O'Brien
- Radiation Physics Laboratory; Sydney Medical School; The University of Sydney; NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Paul Keall
- Radiation Physics Laboratory; Sydney Medical School; The University of Sydney; NSW 2006 Australia
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An MRI-compatible patient rotation system - design, construction, and first organ deformation results. Med Phys 2017; 44:581-588. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Innovations in Radiotherapy Technology. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2017; 29:120-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Li B, Zhang Y, Wu W, Du G, Cai L, Shi H, Chen S. Neovascularization of hepatocellular carcinoma in a nude mouse orthotopic liver cancer model: a morphological study using X-ray in-line phase-contrast imaging. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:73. [PMID: 28122521 PMCID: PMC5264465 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to determine whether synchrotron radiation (SR)-based X-ray in-line phase-contrast imaging (IL-PCI) can be used to investigate the morphological characteristics of tumor neovascularization in a liver xenograft animal model. Methods A human hepatocellular carcinoma HCCLM3 xenograft model was established in nude mice. Xenografts were sampled each week for 4 weeks and fixed to analyze tissue characteristics and neovascularization using SR-based X-ray in-line phase contrast computed tomography (IL-XPCT) without any contrast agent. Results The effect of the energy level and object–to-detector distance on phase-contrast difference was in good agreement with the theory of IL-PCI. Boundaries between the tumor and adjacent normal tissues at week 1 were clearly observed in two-dimensional phase contrast projection imaging. A quantitative contrast difference was observed from weeks 1 to 4. Moreover, 3D image reconstruction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples showed blood vessels inside the tumor were abnormal. The smallest blood vessels measured approximately 20 μm in diameter. The tumor vascular density initially increased and then decreased gradually over time. The maximum tumor vascular density was 4.29% at week 2. Conclusion IL-XPCT successfully acquired images of neovascularization in HCC xenografts in nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beilei Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yiqiu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weizhong Wu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guohao Du
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Liang Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongcheng Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shaoliang Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Lu Y, Tang G, Lin H, Lin X, Jiang L, Yang GY, Wang Y. A biosafety evaluation of synchrotron radiation X-ray to skin and bone marrow: single dose irradiation study of rats and macaques. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:637-645. [PMID: 28112006 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1286049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Very limited experimental data is available regarding the safe dosages related to synchrotron radiation (SR) procedures. We used young rats and macaques to address bone marrow and skin tolerance to various doses of synchrotron radiation. METHODS Rats were subjected to 0, 0.5, 2.5, 5, 25 or 100 Gy local SR X-ray irradiation at left hind limb. Rat blood samples were analyzed at 2-90 days after irradiation. The SR X-ray irradiated skin and tibia were sectioned for morphological examination. For non-human primate study, three male macaques were subjected to 0.5 or 2.5 Gy SR X-ray on crus. Skin responses of macaques were observed. RESULTS All rats that received SR X-ray irradiation doses greater than 2.5 Gy experienced hair loss and bone-growth inhibition, which were accompanied by decreased number of follicles, thickened epidermal layer, and decreased density of bone marrow cells (p < 0.05). Macaque skin could tolerate 0.5 Gy SR X-ray but showed significant hair loss when the dose was raised above 2.5 Gy. CONCLUSION The safety threshold doses of SR X-ray for rat skin, bone marrow and macaque skin are between 0.5 and 2.5 Gy. Our study provided essential information regarding the biosafety of SR X-ray irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Lu
- a Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Guanghui Tang
- a Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Hui Lin
- b School of Electronic Science and Application Physics , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Xiaojie Lin
- a Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Lu Jiang
- a Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- a Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China.,c Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yongting Wang
- a Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
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High flux circularly polarized gamma beam factory: coupling a Fabry-Perot optical cavity with an electron storage ring. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36569. [PMID: 27857146 PMCID: PMC5114644 DOI: 10.1038/srep36569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We report and discuss high-flux generation of circularly polarized γ-rays by means of Compton scattering. The γ-ray beam results from the collision of an external-cavity-enhanced infrared laser beam and a low emittance relativistic electron beam. By operating a non-planar bow-tie high-finesse optical Fabry-Perot cavity coupled to a storage ring, we have recorded a flux of up to (3.5 ± 0.3) × 108 photons per second with a mean measured energy of 24 MeV. The γ-ray flux has been sustained for several hours. In particular, we were able to measure a record value of up to 400 γ-rays per collision in a full bandwidth. Moreover, the impact of Compton scattering on the electron beam dynamics could be observed resulting in a reduction of the electron beam lifetime correlated to the laser power stored in the Fabry-Perot cavity. We demonstrate that the electron beam lifetime provides an independent and consistent determination of the γ-ray flux. Furthermore, a reduction of the γ-ray flux due to intrabeam scattering has clearly been identified. These results, obtained on an accelerator test facility, warrant potential scaling and revealed both expected and yet unobserved effects. They set the baseline for further scaling of the future Compton sources under development around the world.
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Cao Y, Yin X, Zhang J, Wu T, Li D, Lu H, Hu J. Visualization of mouse spinal cord intramedullary arteries using phase- and attenuation-contrast tomographic imaging. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2016; 23:966-974. [PMID: 27359146 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516006482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Many spinal cord circulatory disorders present the substantial involvement of small vessel lesions. The central sulcus arteries supply nutrition to a large part of the spinal cord, and, if not detected early, lesions in the spinal cord will cause irreversible damage to the function of this organ. Thus, early detection of these small vessel lesions could potentially facilitate the effective diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. However, the detection of such small vessels is beyond the capability of current imaging techniques. In this study, an imaging method is proposed and the potential of phase-contrast imaging (PCI)- and attenuation-contrast imaging (ACI)-based synchrotron radiation for high-resolution tomography of intramedullary arteries in mouse spinal cord is validated. The three-dimensional vessel morphology, particularly that of the central sulcus arteries (CSA), detected with these two imaging models was quantitatively analyzed and compared. It was determined that both PCI- and ACI-based synchrotron radiation can be used to visualize the physiological arrangement of the entire intramedullary artery network in the mouse spinal cord in both two dimensions and three dimensions at a high-resolution scale. Additionally, the two-dimensional and three-dimensional vessel morphometric parameter measurements obtained with PCI are similar to the ACI data. Furthermore, PCI allows efficient and direct discrimination of the same branch level of the CSA without contrast agent injection and is expected to provide reliable biological information regarding the intramedullary artery. Compared with ACI, PCI might be a novel imaging method that offers a powerful imaging platform for evaluating pathological changes in small vessels and may also allow better clarification of their role in neurovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzhen Yin
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20203, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianding Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongzhe Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Centre of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
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Izadifar Z, Honaramooz A, Wiebe S, Belev G, Chen X, Chapman D. Low-dose phase-based X-ray imaging techniques for in situ soft tissue engineering assessments. Biomaterials 2016; 82:151-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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3D visualization of the lumbar facet joint after degeneration using propagation phase contrast micro-tomography. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21838. [PMID: 26907889 PMCID: PMC4764819 DOI: 10.1038/srep21838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumbar facet joint (LFJ) degeneration is believed to be an important cause of low back pain (LBP). Identifying the morphological changes of the LFJ in the degeneration process at a high-resolution level could be meaningful for our better understanding of the possible mechanisms underlying this process. In the present study, we determined the 3D morphology of the LFJ using propagation phase contrast micro-tomography (PPCT) in rats to assess the subtle changes that occur during the degeneration process. PPCT provides vivid 3D images of micromorphological changes in the LFJ during its degeneration process, and the changes in the subchondral bone occurred earlier than in the cartilage during the early stage of degeneration of the LFJ. The delineation of this alteration was similar to that with the histological method. Our findings demonstrated that PPCT could serve as a valuable tool for 3D visualization of the morphology of the LFJ by providing comprehensive information about the cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone and their changes during degeneration processes. It might also have great potential for providing effective diagnostic tools to track changes in the cartilage and to evaluate the effects of therapeutic interventions for LFJ degeneration in preclinical studies.
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Radiation therapy at compact Compton sources. Phys Med 2015; 31:596-600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Chwiej J, Skoczen A, Matusiak K, Janeczko K, Patulska A, Sandt C, Simon R, Ciarach M, Setkowicz Z. The influence of the ketogenic diet on the elemental and biochemical compositions of the hippocampal formation. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 49:40-6. [PMID: 25986320 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence demonstrates that dietary therapies, mainly the ketogenic diet, may be highly effective in the reduction of epileptic seizures. All of them share the common characteristic of restricting carbohydrate intake to shift the predominant caloric source of the diet to fat. Catabolism of fats results in the production of ketone bodies which become alternate energy substrates to glucose. Although many mechanisms by which ketone bodies yield its anticonvulsant effect are proposed, the relationships between the brain metabolism of the ketone bodies and their neuroprotective and antiepileptogenic action still remain to be discerned. In the study, X-ray fluorescence microscopy and FTIR microspectroscopy were used to follow ketogenic diet-induced changes in the elemental and biochemical compositions of rat hippocampal formation tissue. The use of synchrotron sources of X-rays and infrared allowed us to examine changes in the accumulation and distribution of selected elements (P, S, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Se) and biomolecules (proteins, lipids, ketone bodies, etc.) with the micrometer spatial resolution. The comparison of rats fed with the ketogenic diet and rats fed with the standard laboratory diet showed changes in the hippocampal accumulation of P, K, Ca, and Zn. The relations obtained for Ca (increased level in CA3, DG, and its internal area) and Zn (decreased areal density in CA3 and DG) were analogous to those that we previously observed for rats in the acute phase of pilocarpine-induced seizures. Biochemical analysis of tissues taken from ketogenic diet-fed rats demonstrated increased intensity of absorption band occurring at 1740 cm(-1), which was probably the result of elevated accumulation of ketone bodies. Moreover, higher absolute and relative (3012 cm(-1)/2924 cm(-1), 3012 cm(-1)/lipid massif, and 3012 cm(-1)/amide I) intensity of the 3012-cm(-1) band resulting from increased unsaturated fatty acids content was found after the treatment with the high-fat diet. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Status Epilepticus".
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Chwiej
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Skoczen
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Matusiak
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Janeczko
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Zoology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Patulska
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Rolf Simon
- Institut fur Synchrotronstrahlung, Research Centre Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Ciarach
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Zoology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Setkowicz
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Zoology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Krakow, Poland
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Abstract
Research studies on the three-dimensional (3D) morphological alterations of the spinal cord microvasculature after injury provide insight into the pathology of spinal cord injury (SCI). Knowledge in this field has been hampered in the past by imaging technologies that provided only two-dimensional (2D) information on the vascular reactions to trauma. The aim of our study is to investigate the 3D microstructural changes of the rat spinal cord microvasculature on day 1 post-injury using synchrotron radiation micro-tomography (SRμCT). This technology provides high-resolution 3D images of microvasculature in both normal and injured spinal cords, and the smallest vessel detected is approximately 7.4 μm. Moreover, we optimized the 3D vascular visualization with color coding and accurately calculated quantitative changes in vascular architecture after SCI. Compared to the control spinal cord, the damaged spinal cord vessel numbers decreased significantly following injury. Furthermore, the area of injury did not remain concentrated at the epicenter; rather, the signs of damage expanded rostrally and caudally along the spinal cord in 3D. The observed pathological changes were also confirmed by histological tests. These results demonstrate that SRμCT is an effective technology platform for imaging pathological changes in small arteries in neurovascular disease and for evaluating therapeutic interventions.
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Brankov JG, Saiz-Herranz A, Wernick MN. Noise properties and task-based evaluation of diffraction-enhanced imaging. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2015; 1:033503. [PMID: 26158056 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.1.3.033503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffraction-enhanced imaging (DEI) is an emerging x-ray imaging method that simultaneously yields x-ray attenuation and refraction images and holds great promise for soft-tissue imaging. The DEI has been mainly studied using synchrotron sources, but efforts have been made to transition the technology to more practical implementations using conventional x-ray sources. The main technical challenge of this transition lies in the relatively lower x-ray flux obtained from conventional sources, leading to photon-limited data contaminated by Poisson noise. Several issues that must be understood in order to design and optimize DEI imaging systems with respect to noise performance are addressed. Specifically, we: (a) develop equations describing the noise properties of DEI images, (b) derive the conditions under which the DEI algorithm is statistically optimal,
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovan G Brankov
- Illinois Institute of Technology , Medical Imaging Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Alejandro Saiz-Herranz
- Illinois Institute of Technology , Medical Imaging Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Miles N Wernick
- Illinois Institute of Technology , Medical Imaging Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
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Wolkowski B, Snead E, Wesolowski M, Singh J, Pettitt M, Chibbar R, Melli S, Montgomery J. Assessment of freeware programs for the reconstruction of tomography datasets obtained with a monochromatic synchrotron-based X-ray source. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2015; 22:1130-1138. [PMID: 26134821 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515008437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron-based in-line phase-contrast computed tomography (PC-CT) allows soft tissue to be imaged with sub-gross resolution and has potential to be used as a diagnostic tool. The reconstruction and processing of in-line PC-CT datasets is a computationally demanding task; thus, an efficient and user-friendly software program is desirable. Four freeware programs (NRecon, PITRE, H-PITRE and Athabasca Recon) were compared for the availability of features such as dark- and flat-field calibration, beam power normalization, ring artifact removal, and alignment tools for optimizing image quality. An in-line PC-CT projection dataset (3751 projections, 180° rotation, 10.13 mm × 0.54 mm) was collected from a formalin-fixed canine prostate at the Biomedical Imaging and Therapy Bending Magnet (BMIT-BM) beamline of the Canadian Light Source. This dataset was processed with each of the four software programs and usability of the program was evaluated. Efficiency was assessed by how each program maximized computer processing power during computation. Athabasca Recon had the least-efficient memory usage, least user-friendly interface, and lacked a ring artifact removal feature. NRecon, PITRE and H-PITRE produced similar quality images, but the Athabasca Recon reconstruction suffered from the lack of a native ring remover algorithm. The 64-bit version of NRecon uses GPU (graphics processor unit) memory for accelerated processing and is user-friendly, but does not provide necessary parameters for in-line PC-CT data, such as dark-field and flat-field correction and beam power normalization. PITRE has many helpful features and tools, but lacks a comprehensive user manual and help section. H-PITRE is a condensed version of PITRE and maximizes computer memory for efficiency. To conclude, NRecon has fewer imaging processing tools than PITRE and H-PITRE, but is ideal for less experienced users due to a simple user interface. Based on the quality of reconstructed images, efficient use of computer memory and parameter availability, H-PITRE was the preferred of the four programs compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey Wolkowski
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B4
| | - Elisabeth Snead
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B4
| | - Michal Wesolowski
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 0W8
| | - Jaswant Singh
- Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B4
| | - Murray Pettitt
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B4
| | - Rajni Chibbar
- Pathology and Lab Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 0W8
| | - Seyedali Melli
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5A9
| | - James Montgomery
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 0W8
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Hu J, Cao Y, Wu T, Li D, Lu H. High-resolution three-dimensional visualization of the rat spinal cord microvasculature by synchrotron radiation micro-CT. Med Phys 2015; 41:101904. [PMID: 25281956 DOI: 10.1118/1.4894704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Understanding the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of the spinal cord microvasculature has been limited by the lack of an effective high-resolution imaging technique. In this study, synchrotron radiation microcomputed tomography (SRµCT), a novel imaging technique based on absorption imaging, was evaluated with regard to the detection of the 3D morphology of the rat spinal cord microvasculature. METHODS Ten Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this ex vivo study. After contrast agent perfusion, their spinal cords were isolated and scanned using conventional x-rays, conventional micro-CT (CµCT), and SRµCT. RESULTS Based on contrast agent perfusion, the microvasculature of the rat spinal cord was clearly visualized for the first time ex vivo in 3D by means of SRµCT scanning. Compared to conventional imaging techniques, SRµCT achieved higher resolution 3D vascular imaging, with the smallest vessel that could be distinguished approximately 7.4 μm in diameter. Additionally, a 3D pseudocolored image of the spinal cord microvasculature was generated in a single session of SRµCT imaging, which was conducive to detailed observation of the vessel morphology. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicated that SRµCT scanning could provide higher resolution images of the vascular network of the spinal cord. This modality also has the potential to serve as a powerful imaging tool for the investigation of morphology changes in the 3D angioarchitecture of the neurovasculature in preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Tianding Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Dongzhe Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Centre of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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Zhang T, Liu T, Shao J, Sheng C, Hong Y, Ying W, Xia W. Antioxidant protects blood-testis barrier against synchrotron radiation X-ray-induced disruption. SPERMATOGENESIS 2015; 5:e1009313. [PMID: 26413412 DOI: 10.1080/21565562.2015.1009313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation (SR) X-ray has wide biomedical applications including high resolution imaging and brain tumor therapy due to its special properties of high coherence, monochromaticity and high intensity. However, its interaction with biological tissues remains poorly understood. In this study, we used the rat testis as a model to investigate how SR X-ray would induce tissue responses, especially the blood-testis barrier (BTB) because BTB dynamics are critical for spermatogenesis. We irradiated the male gonad with increasing doses of SR X-ray and obtained the testicles 1, 10 and 20 d after the exposures. The testicle weight and seminiferous tubule diameter reduced in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Cryosections of testes were stained with tight junction (TJ) component proteins such as occludin, claudin-11, JAM-A and ZO-1. Morphologically, increasing doses of SR X-ray consistently induced developing germ cell sloughing from the seminiferous tubules, accompanied by shrinkage of the tubules. Interestingly, TJ constituent proteins appeared to be induced by the increasing doses of SR X-ray. Up to 20 d after SR X-ray irradiation, there also appeared to be time-dependent changes on the steady-state level of these protein exhibiting differential patterns at 20-day after exposure, with JAM-A/claudin-11 still being up-regulated whereas occludin/ZO-1 being down-regulated. More importantly, the BTB damage induced by 40 Gy of SR X-ray could be significantly attenuated by antioxidant N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) at a dose of 125 mg/kg. Taken together, our studies characterized the changes of TJ component proteins after SR X-ray irradiation, illustrating the possible protective effects of antioxidant NAC to BTB integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center; Ren Ji Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai, China ; School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai, China
| | - Tengyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center; Ren Ji Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai, China ; School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxiang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center; Ren Ji Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai, China ; School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai, China
| | - Caibin Sheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyi Hong
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai, China
| | - Weihai Ying
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai, China
| | - Weiliang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center; Ren Ji Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai, China ; School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai, China
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Scopel JF, de Souza Queiroz L, O’Dowd FP, Júnior MCF, Nucci A, Hönnicke MG. Are human peripheral nerves sensitive to X-ray imaging? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116831. [PMID: 25757086 PMCID: PMC4355589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic imaging techniques play an important role in assessing the exact location, cause, and extent of a nerve lesion, thus allowing clinicians to diagnose and manage more effectively a variety of pathological conditions, such as entrapment syndromes, traumatic injuries, and space-occupying lesions. Ultrasound and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging are becoming useful methods for this purpose, but they still lack spatial resolution. In this regard, recent phase contrast x-ray imaging experiments of peripheral nerve allowed the visualization of each nerve fiber surrounded by its myelin sheath as clearly as optical microscopy. In the present study, we attempted to produce high-resolution x-ray phase contrast images of a human sciatic nerve by using synchrotron radiation propagation-based imaging. The images showed high contrast and high spatial resolution, allowing clear identification of each fascicle structure and surrounding connective tissue. The outstanding result is the detection of such structures by phase contrast x-ray tomography of a thick human sciatic nerve section. This may further enable the identification of diverse pathological patterns, such as Wallerian degeneration, hypertrophic neuropathy, inflammatory infiltration, leprosy neuropathy and amyloid deposits. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first successful phase contrast x-ray imaging experiment of a human peripheral nerve sample. Our long-term goal is to develop peripheral nerve imaging methods that could supersede biopsy procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Francisco Scopel
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Jataí, Goiás, 75804-020, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Luciano de Souza Queiroz
- Departamento de Anatomia Patológica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | | | | | - Anamarli Nucci
- Departamento de Neurologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Gonçalves Hönnicke
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, 85867-970, Brazil
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