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Xi Y, Schriver KE, Roe AW, Zhang X. Quantifying tissue temperature changes induced by infrared neural stimulation: numerical simulation and MR thermometry. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:4111-4131. [PMID: 39022552 PMCID: PMC11249695 DOI: 10.1364/boe.530854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Infrared neural stimulation (INS) delivered via short pulse trains is an innovative tool that has potential for us use for studying brain function and circuitry, brain machine interface, and clinical use. The prevailing mechanism for INS involves the conversion of light energy into thermal transients, leading to neuronal membrane depolarization. Due to the potential risks of thermal damage, it is crucial to ensure that the resulting local temperature increases are within non-damaging limits for brain tissues. Previous studies have estimated damage thresholds using histological methods and have modeled thermal effects based on peripheral nerves. However, additional quantitative measurements and modeling studies are needed for the central nervous system. Here, we performed 7 T MRI thermometry on ex vivo rat brains following the delivery of infrared pulse trains at five different intensities from 0.1-1.0 J/cm2 (each pulse train 1,875 nm, 25 us/pulse, 200 Hz, 0.5 s duration, delivered through 200 µm fiber). Additionally, we utilized the General BioHeat Transfer Model (GBHTM) to simulate local temperature changes in perfused brain tissues while delivering these laser energies to tissue (with optical parameters of human skin) via three different sizes of optical fibers at five energy intensities. The simulation results clearly demonstrate that a 0.5 second INS pulse train induces an increase followed by an immediate drop in temperature at stimulation offset. The delivery of multiple pulse trains with 2.5 s interstimulus interval (ISI) leads to rising temperatures that plateau. Both thermometry and modeling results show that, using parameters that are commonly used in biological applications (200 µm diameter fiber, 0.1-1.0 J/cm2), the final temperature increase at the end of the 60 sec stimuli duration does not exceed 1°C with stimulation values of 0.1-0.5 J/cm2 and does not exceed 2°C with stimulation values of up to 1.0 J/cm2. Thus, the maximum temperature rise is consistent with the thermal damage threshold reported in previous studies. This study provides a quantitative evaluation of the temperature changes induced by INS, suggesting that existing practices pose minimal major safety concerns for biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Xi
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kenneth E Schriver
- School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Anna Wang Roe
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Gautheron A, Bernstock JD, Picart T, Guyotat J, Valdés PA, Montcel B. 5-ALA induced PpIX fluorescence spectroscopy in neurosurgery: a review. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1310282. [PMID: 38348134 PMCID: PMC10859467 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1310282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The review begins with an overview of the fundamental principles/physics underlying light, fluorescence, and other light-matter interactions in biological tissues. It then focuses on 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence spectroscopy methods used in neurosurgery (e.g., intensity, time-resolved) and in so doing, describe their specific features (e.g., hardware requirements, main processing methods) as well as their strengths and limitations. Finally, we review current clinical applications and future directions of 5-ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence spectroscopy in neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Gautheron
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CNRS, Institut d Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, Saint-Étienne, France
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1294, Lyon, France
| | - J. D. Bernstock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - T. Picart
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology and Vascular Neurosurgery, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - J. Guyotat
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology and Vascular Neurosurgery, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - P. A. Valdés
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - B. Montcel
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1294, Lyon, France
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Li K, Wu Q, Feng S, Zhao H, Jin W, Qiu H, Gu Y, Chen D. In situ detection of human glioma based on tissue optical properties using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300195. [PMID: 37589177 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Safely maximizing brain cancer removal without injuring adjacent healthy tissue is crucial for optimal treatment outcomes. However, it is challenging to distinguish cancer from noncancer intraoperatively. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) as a label-free and real-time detection technology for discrimination between brain cancer and noncancer tissues. Fifty-five fresh cancer and noncancer specimens from 19 brain surgeries were measured with DRS, and the results were compared with co-registered clinical standard histopathology. Tissue optical properties were quantitatively obtained from the diffuse reflectance spectra and compared among different types of brain tissues. A machine learning-based classifier was trained to differentiate cancerous versus noncancerous tissues. Our method could achieve a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 95% for discriminating high-grade glioma from normal white matter. Our results showed that DRS has the potential to be used for label-free, real-time in vivo cancer detection during brain surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerui Li
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qijia Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyu Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyou Zhao
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Qiu
- Department of Laser Medicine, First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Gu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Department of Laser Medicine, First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Precision Laser Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Innovation Unit, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Defu Chen
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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MacCormac O, Noonan P, Janatka M, Horgan CC, Bahl A, Qiu J, Elliot M, Trotouin T, Jacobs J, Patel S, Bergholt MS, Ashkan K, Ourselin S, Ebner M, Vercauteren T, Shapey J. Lightfield hyperspectral imaging in neuro-oncology surgery: an IDEAL 0 and 1 study. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1239764. [PMID: 37790587 PMCID: PMC10544348 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1239764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has shown promise in the field of intra-operative imaging and tissue differentiation as it carries the capability to provide real-time information invisible to the naked eye whilst remaining label free. Previous iterations of intra-operative HSI systems have shown limitations, either due to carrying a large footprint limiting ease of use within the confines of a neurosurgical theater environment, having a slow image acquisition time, or by compromising spatial/spectral resolution in favor of improvements to the surgical workflow. Lightfield hyperspectral imaging is a novel technique that has the potential to facilitate video rate image acquisition whilst maintaining a high spectral resolution. Our pre-clinical and first-in-human studies (IDEAL 0 and 1, respectively) demonstrate the necessary steps leading to the first in-vivo use of a real-time lightfield hyperspectral system in neuro-oncology surgery. Methods A lightfield hyperspectral camera (Cubert Ultris ×50) was integrated in a bespoke imaging system setup so that it could be safely adopted into the open neurosurgical workflow whilst maintaining sterility. Our system allowed the surgeon to capture in-vivo hyperspectral data (155 bands, 350-1,000 nm) at 1.5 Hz. Following successful implementation in a pre-clinical setup (IDEAL 0), our system was evaluated during brain tumor surgery in a single patient to remove a posterior fossa meningioma (IDEAL 1). Feedback from the theater team was analyzed and incorporated in a follow-up design aimed at implementing an IDEAL 2a study. Results Focusing on our IDEAL 1 study results, hyperspectral information was acquired from the cerebellum and associated meningioma with minimal disruption to the neurosurgical workflow. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of HSI acquisition with 100+ spectral bands at a frame rate over 1Hz in surgery. Discussion This work demonstrated that a lightfield hyperspectral imaging system not only meets the design criteria and specifications outlined in an IDEAL-0 (pre-clinical) study, but also that it can translate into clinical practice as illustrated by a successful first in human study (IDEAL 1). This opens doors for further development and optimisation, given the increasing evidence that hyperspectral imaging can provide live, wide-field, and label-free intra-operative imaging and tissue differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar MacCormac
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Noonan
- Hypervision Surgical Limited, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mirek Janatka
- Hypervision Surgical Limited, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anisha Bahl
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jianrong Qiu
- School of Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Elliot
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Théo Trotouin
- Hypervision Surgical Limited, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jaco Jacobs
- Hypervision Surgical Limited, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabina Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mads S. Bergholt
- School of Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keyoumars Ashkan
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Hypervision Surgical Limited, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Ebner
- Hypervision Surgical Limited, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Vercauteren
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Hypervision Surgical Limited, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Shapey
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Hypervision Surgical Limited, London, United Kingdom
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Schoeters R, Tarnaud T, Weyn L, Joseph W, Raedt R, Tanghe E. Quantitative analysis of the optogenetic excitability of CA1 neurons. Front Comput Neurosci 2023; 17:1229715. [PMID: 37649730 PMCID: PMC10465168 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2023.1229715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Optogenetics has emerged as a promising technique for modulating neuronal activity and holds potential for the treatment of neurological disorders such as temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, clinical translation still faces many challenges. This in-silico study aims to enhance the understanding of optogenetic excitability in CA1 cells and to identify strategies for improving stimulation protocols. Methods Employing state-of-the-art computational models coupled with Monte Carlo simulated light propagation, the optogenetic excitability of four CA1 cells, two pyramidal and two interneurons, expressing ChR2(H134R) is investigated. Results and discussion The results demonstrate that confining the opsin to specific neuronal membrane compartments significantly improves excitability. An improvement is also achieved by focusing the light beam on the most excitable cell region. Moreover, the perpendicular orientation of the optical fiber relative to the somato-dendritic axis yields superior results. Inter-cell variability is observed, highlighting the importance of considering neuron degeneracy when designing optogenetic tools. Opsin confinement to the basal dendrites of the pyramidal cells renders the neuron the most excitable. A global sensitivity analysis identified opsin location and expression level as having the greatest impact on simulation outcomes. The error reduction of simulation outcome due to coupling of neuron modeling with light propagation is shown. The results promote spatial confinement and increased opsin expression levels as important improvement strategies. On the other hand, uncertainties in these parameters limit precise determination of the irradiance thresholds. This study provides valuable insights on optogenetic excitability of CA1 cells useful for the development of improved optogenetic stimulation protocols for, for instance, TLE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Schoeters
- WAVES, Department of Information Technology (INTEC), Ghent University/IMEC, Ghent, Belgium
- 4BRAIN, Department of Neurology, Institute for Neuroscience, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Tarnaud
- WAVES, Department of Information Technology (INTEC), Ghent University/IMEC, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laila Weyn
- WAVES, Department of Information Technology (INTEC), Ghent University/IMEC, Ghent, Belgium
- 4BRAIN, Department of Neurology, Institute for Neuroscience, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wout Joseph
- WAVES, Department of Information Technology (INTEC), Ghent University/IMEC, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robrecht Raedt
- 4BRAIN, Department of Neurology, Institute for Neuroscience, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emmeric Tanghe
- WAVES, Department of Information Technology (INTEC), Ghent University/IMEC, Ghent, Belgium
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Walke A, Black D, Valdes PA, Stummer W, König S, Suero-Molina E. Challenges in, and recommendations for, hyperspectral imaging in ex vivo malignant glioma biopsy measurements. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3829. [PMID: 36882505 PMCID: PMC9992662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The visualization of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) fluorescence with the help of surgical microscopes during 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated fluorescence-guided resection (FGR) of gliomas is still limited at the tumor margins. Hyperspectral imaging (HI) detects PPIX more sensitively but is not yet ready for intraoperative use. We illustrate the current status with three experiments and summarize our own experience using HI: (1) assessment of HI analysis algorithm using pig brain tissue, (2) a partially retrospective evaluation of our experience from HI projects, and (3) device comparison of surgical microscopy and HI. In (1), we address the problem that current algorithms for evaluating HI data are based on calibration with liquid phantoms, which have limitations. Their pH is low compared to glioma tissue; they provide only one PPIX photo state and only PPIX as fluorophore. Testing the HI algorithm with brain homogenates, we found proper correction for optical properties but not pH. Considerably more PPIX was measured at pH 9 than at pH 5. In (2), we indicate pitfalls and guide HI application. In (3), we found HI superior to the microscope for biopsy diagnosis (AUC = 0.845 ± 0.024 (cut-off 0.75 µg PPIX/ml) vs. 0.710 ± 0.035). HI thus offers potential for improved FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Walke
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, A1, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Core Unit Proteomics, Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - David Black
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Pablo A Valdes
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Walter Stummer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Simone König
- Core Unit Proteomics, Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eric Suero-Molina
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, A1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Baria E, Giordano F, Guerrini R, Caporalini C, Buccoliero AM, Cicchi R, Pavone FS. Dysplasia and tumor discrimination in brain tissues by combined fluorescence, Raman, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopies. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:1256-1275. [PMID: 36950232 PMCID: PMC10026567 DOI: 10.1364/boe.477035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Identification of neoplastic and dysplastic brain tissues is of paramount importance for improving the outcomes of neurosurgical procedures. This study explores the combined application of fluorescence, Raman and diffuse reflectance spectroscopies for the detection and classification of brain tumor and cortical dysplasia with a label-free modality. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate classification accuracies of these techniques-employed both in individual and multimodal configuration-obtaining high sensitivity and specificity. In particular, the proposed multimodal approach allowed discriminating tumor/dysplastic tissues against control tissue with 91%/86% sensitivity and 100%/100% specificity, respectively, whereas tumor from dysplastic tissues were discriminated with 89% sensitivity and 86% specificity. Hence, multimodal optical spectroscopy allows reliably differentiating these pathologies using a non-invasive, label-free approach that is faster than the gold standard technique and does not require any tissue processing, offering the potential for the clinical translation of the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Baria
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Via Nello Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Via Nello Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Flavio Giordano
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience I, "A. Meyer" Children's Hospital, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 24, Florence 50141, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience I, "A. Meyer" Children's Hospital, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 24, Florence 50141, Italy
| | - Chiara Caporalini
- Division of Pathology, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, University of Florence, Viale Giovanni Battista Morgagni 85, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Buccoliero
- Division of Pathology, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, University of Florence, Viale Giovanni Battista Morgagni 85, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cicchi
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Via Nello Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Via Nello Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Pavone
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Via Nello Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Via Nello Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Florence, Via Sansone 1, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
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8
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Kao TC, Sung KB. Quantifying tissue optical properties of human heads in vivo using continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy and subject-specific three-dimensional Monte Carlo models. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:083021. [PMID: 35733242 PMCID: PMC9214577 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.8.083021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Quantifying subject-specific optical properties (OPs) including absorption and transport scattering coefficients of tissues in the human head could improve the modeling of photon propagation for the analysis of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data and dosage quantification in therapeutic applications. Current methods employ diffuse approximation, which excludes a low-scattering cerebrospinal fluid compartment and causes errors. AIM This work aims to quantify OPs of the scalp, skull, and gray matter in vivo based on accurate Monte Carlo (MC) modeling. APPROACH Iterative curve fitting was applied to quantify tissue OPs from multidistance continuous-wave NIR reflectance spectra. An artificial neural network (ANN) was trained using MC-simulated reflectance values based on subject-specific voxel-based tissue models to replace MC simulations as the forward model in curve fitting. To efficiently generate sufficient data for training the ANN, the efficiency of MC simulations was greatly improved by white MC simulations, increasing the detectors' acceptance angle, and building a lookup table for interpolation. RESULTS The trained ANN was six orders of magnitude faster than the original MC simulations. OPs of the three tissue compartments were quantified from NIR reflectance spectra measured at the forehead of five healthy subjects and their uncertainties were estimated. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrated an MC-based iterative curve fitting method to quantify subject-specific tissue OPs in-vivo, with all OPs except for scattering coefficients of scalp within the ranges reported in the literature, which could aid the modeling of photon propagation in human heads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chia Kao
- National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Bin Sung
- National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University, Molecular Imaging Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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Shapey J, Xie Y, Nabavi E, Ebner M, Saeed SR, Kitchen N, Dorward N, Grieve J, McEvoy AW, Miserocchi A, Grover P, Bradford R, Lim YM, Ourselin S, Brandner S, Jaunmuktane Z, Vercauteren T. Optical properties of human brain and tumour tissue: An ex vivo study spanning the visible range to beyond the second near-infrared window. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100072. [PMID: 35048541 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neuro-oncology surgery would benefit from detailed intraoperative tissue characterization provided by noncontact, contrast-agent-free, noninvasive optical imaging methods. In-depth knowledge of target tissue optical properties across a wide-wavelength spectrum could inform the design of optical imaging and computational methods to enable robust tissue analysis during surgery. We adapted a dual-beam integrating sphere to analyse small tissue samples and investigated ex vivo optical properties of five types of human brain tumour (meningioma, pituitary adenoma, schwannoma, low- and high-grade glioma) and nine different types of healthy brain tissue across a wavelength spectrum of 400 to 1800 nm. Fresh and frozen tissue samples were analysed. All tissue types demonstrated similar absorption spectra, but the reduced scattering coefficients of tumours show visible differences in the obtained optical spectrum compared to those of surrounding normal tissue. These results underline the potential of optical imaging technologies for intraoperative tissue characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Shapey
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yijing Xie
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Elham Nabavi
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Ebner
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shakeel R Saeed
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
- The Ear Institute, University College London, London, UK
- The Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK
| | - Neil Kitchen
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Neil Dorward
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Joan Grieve
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Andrew W McEvoy
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Anna Miserocchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Patrick Grover
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Robert Bradford
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Yau-Mun Lim
- Division of Neuropathology, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Division of Neuropathology, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Zane Jaunmuktane
- Division of Neuropathology, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tom Vercauteren
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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10
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Colocalized, bidirectional optogenetic modulations in freely behaving mice with a wireless dual-color optoelectronic probe. Nat Commun 2022; 13:839. [PMID: 35149715 PMCID: PMC8837785 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28539-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Optogenetic methods provide efficient cell-specific modulations, and the ability of simultaneous neural activation and inhibition in the same brain region of freely moving animals is highly desirable. Here we report bidirectional neuronal activity manipulation accomplished by a wireless, dual-color optogenetic probe in synergy with the co-expression of two spectrally distinct opsins (ChrimsonR and stGtACR2) in a rodent model. The flexible probe comprises vertically assembled, thin-film microscale light-emitting diodes with a lateral dimension of 125 × 180 µm2, showing colocalized red and blue emissions and enabling chronic in vivo operations with desirable biocompatibilities. Red or blue irradiations deterministically evoke or silence neurons co-expressing the two opsins. The probe interferes with dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area of mice, increasing or decreasing dopamine levels. Such bidirectional regulations further generate rewarding and aversive behaviors and interrogate social interactions among multiple mice. These technologies create numerous opportunities and implications for brain research.
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Tomanič T, Rogelj L, Milanič M. Robustness of diffuse reflectance spectra analysis by inverse adding doubling algorithm. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:921-949. [PMID: 35284194 PMCID: PMC8884198 DOI: 10.1364/boe.443880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Analysing diffuse reflectance spectra to extract properties of biological tissue requires modelling of light transport within the tissue, considering its absorption, scattering, and geometrical properties. Due to the layered skin structure, skin tissue models are often divided into multiple layers with their associated optical properties. Typically, in the analysis, some model parameters defining these properties are fixed to values reported in the literature to speed up the fitting process and improve its performance. In the absence of consensus, various studies use different approaches in fixing the model parameters. This study aims to assess the effect of fixing various model parameters in the skin spectra fitting process on the accuracy and robustness of a GPU-accelerated two-layer inverse adding-doubling (IAD) algorithm. Specifically, the performance of the IAD method is determined for noiseless simulated skin spectra, simulated spectra with different levels of noise applied, and in-vivo measured reflectance spectra from hyperspectral images of human hands recorded before, during, and after the arterial occlusion. Our results suggest that fixing multiple parameters to a priori known values generally improves the robustness and accuracy of the IAD algorithm for simulated spectra. However, for in-vivo measured spectra, these values are unknown in advance and fixing optical parameters to incorrect values significantly deteriorates the overall performance. Therefore, we propose a method to improve the fitting performance by pre-estimating model parameters. Our findings could be considered in all future research involving the analysis of diffuse reflectance spectra to extract optical properties of skin tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadej Tomanič
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luka Rogelj
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matija Milanič
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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12
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OCT-Guided Surgery for Gliomas: Current Concept and Future Perspectives. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020335. [PMID: 35204427 PMCID: PMC8871129 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been recently suggested as a promising method to obtain in vivo and real-time high-resolution images of tissue structure in brain tumor surgery. This review focuses on the basics of OCT imaging, types of OCT images and currently suggested OCT scanner devices and the results of their application in neurosurgery. OCT can assist in achieving intraoperative precision identification of tumor infiltration within surrounding brain parenchyma by using qualitative or quantitative OCT image analysis of scanned tissue. OCT is able to identify tumorous tissue and blood vessels detection during stereotactic biopsy procedures. The combination of OCT with traditional imaging such as MRI, ultrasound and 5-ALA fluorescence has the potential to increase the safety and accuracy of the resection. OCT can improve the extent of resection by offering the direct visualization of tumor with cellular resolution when using microscopic OCT contact probes. The theranostic implementation of OCT as a part of intelligent optical diagnosis and automated lesion localization and ablation could achieve high precision, automation and intelligence in brain tumor surgery. We present this review for the increase of knowledge and formation of critical opinion in the field of OCT implementation in brain tumor surgery.
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Pang S, Kapur A, Zhou K, Anastasiadis P, Ballirano N, Kim AJ, Winkles JA, Woodworth GF, Huang H. Nanoparticle-assisted, image-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy for cancer treatment. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1826. [PMID: 35735205 PMCID: PMC9540339 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) guided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a new treatment option for patients with brain and non-central nervous system (non-CNS) tumors. MRI guidance allows for precise placement of optical fiber in the tumor, while MR thermometry provides real-time monitoring and assessment of thermal doses during the procedure. Despite promising clinical results, LITT complications relating to brain tumor procedures, such as hemorrhage, edema, seizures, and thermal injury to nearby healthy tissues, remain a significant concern. To address these complications, nanoparticles offer unique prospects for precise interstitial hyperthermia applications that increase heat transport within the tumor while reducing thermal impacts on neighboring healthy tissues. Furthermore, nanoparticles permit the co-delivery of therapeutic compounds that not only synergize with LITT, but can also improve overall effectiveness and safety. In addition, efficient heat-generating nanoparticles with unique optical properties can enhance LITT treatments through improved real-time imaging and thermal sensing. This review will focus on (1) types of inorganic and organic nanoparticles for LITT; (2) in vitro, in silico, and ex vivo studies that investigate nanoparticles' effect on light-tissue interactions; and (3) the role of nanoparticle formulations in advancing clinically relevant image-guided technologies for LITT. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanoscale Tools and Techniques in Surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiao Pang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland at College ParkCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | - Anshika Kapur
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Keri Zhou
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland at College ParkCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | - Pavlos Anastasiadis
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer CenterBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Nicholas Ballirano
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland at College ParkCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | - Anthony J. Kim
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer CenterBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jeffrey A. Winkles
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer CenterBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Graeme F. Woodworth
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer CenterBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Huang‐Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland at College ParkCollege ParkMarylandUSA,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer CenterBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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14
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Interrelation between Spectral Online Monitoring and Postoperative T1-Weighted MRI in Interstitial Photodynamic Therapy of Malignant Gliomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010120. [PMID: 35008284 PMCID: PMC8749816 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Treatment monitoring is highly important for the delivery and control of brain tumor therapy. For interstitial photodynamic therapy (iPDT), an intraoperative spectral online monitoring (SOM) setup was established in former studies to monitor photosensitizer fluorescence and treatment light transmission during therapy. In this work, data from patients treated with iPDT as the initial treatment for newly diagnosed glioblastoma (n = 11) were retrospectively analyzed. Observed changes in treatment light transmission were assessed, and changes in optical tissue absorption were calculated out of these. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were recorded within 48 h after therapy and showed intrinsic T1 hyperintensity in the treated area in non-contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sequences. A 3D co-registration of intrinsic T1 hyperintensity lesions and the light transmission zones between cylindrical diffuser fiber pairs showed that reduction in treatment light transmission corresponding to increased light absorption had a spatial correlation with post-therapeutic intrinsic T1 hyperintensity (p ≤ 0.003). Abstract In a former study, interstitial photodynamic therapy (iPDT) was performed on patients suffering from newly diagnosed glioblastoma (n = 11; 8/3 male/female; median age: 68, range: 40–76). The procedure includes the application of 5-ALA to selectively metabolize protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in tumor cells and illumination utilizing interstitially positioned optical cylindrical diffuser fibers (CDF) (2–10 CDFs, 2–3 cm diffusor length, 200 mW/cm, 635 nm, 60 min irradiation). Intraoperative spectral online monitoring (SOM) was employed to monitor treatment light transmission and PpIX fluorescence during iPDT. MRI was used for treatment planning and outcome assessment. Case-dependent observations included intraoperative reduction of treatment light transmission and local intrinsic T1 hyperintensity in non-contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI acquired within one day after iPDT. Intrinsic T1 hyperintensity was observed and found to be associated with the treatment volume, which indicates the presence of methemoglobin, possibly induced by iPDT. Based on SOM data, the optical absorption coefficient and its change during iPDT were estimated for the target tissue volumes interjacent between evaluable CDF-pairs at the treatment wavelength of 635 nm. By spatial comparison and statistical analysis, it was found that observed increases of the absorption coefficient during iPDT were larger in or near regions of intrinsic T1 hyperintensity (p = 0.003). In cases where PpIX-fluorescence was undetectable before iPDT, the increase in optical absorption and intrinsic T1 hyperintensity tended to be less. The observations are consistent with in vitro experiments and indicate PDT-induced deoxygenation of hemoglobin and methemoglobin formation. Further investigations are needed to provide more data on the time course of the observed changes, thus paving the way for optimized iPDT irradiation protocols.
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Acharya AR, Vandekerckhove B, Larsen LE, Delbeke J, Wadman WJ, Vonck K, Carette E, Meurs A, Vanfleteren J, Boon P, Missinne J, Raedt R. In vivoblue light illumination for optogenetic inhibition: effect on local temperature and excitability of the rat hippocampus. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34951406 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac3ef4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective.The blue light-activated inhibitory opsin, stGtACR2, is gaining prominence as a neuromodulatory tool due its ability to shunt-inhibit neurons and is being frequently used inin vivoexperimentation. However, experiments involving stGtACR2 use longer durations of blue light pulses, which inadvertently heat up the local brain tissue and confound experimental results. Therefore, the heating effects of illumination parameters used forin vivooptogenetic inhibition must be evaluated.Approach.To assess blue light (473 nm)-induced heating of the brain, we used a computational model as well as direct temperature measurements using a fiber Bragg grating (FBG). The effects of different light power densities (LPDs) and pulse durations on evoked potentials (EP) recorded from dentate gyrus were assessed. For opsin-negative rats, LPDs between 127 and 636 mW mm-2and pulse durations between 20 and 5120 ms were tested while for stGtACR2 expressing rats, LPD of 127 mW mm-2and pulse durations between 20 and 640 ms were tested.Main results.Increasing LPDs and pulse durations logarithmically increased the peak temperature and significantly decreased the population spike (PS) amplitude and latencies of EPs. For a pulse duration of 5120 ms, the tissue temperature increased by 0.6 °C-3.4 °C. All tested LPDs decreased the PS amplitude in opsin-negative rats, but 127 mW mm-2had comparatively minimal effects and a significant effect of increasing light pulse duration was seen from 320 ms and beyond. This corresponded with an average temperature increase of 0.2 °C-1.1 °C at the recorded site. Compared to opsin-negative rats, illumination in stGtACR2-expressing rats resulted in much greater inhibition of EPs.Significance.Our study demonstrates that light-induced heating of the brain can be accurately measuredin vivousing FBG sensors. Such light-induced heating alone can affect neuronal excitability. Useful neuromodulation by the activation of stGtACR2 is still possible while minimizing thermal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh R Acharya
- 4Brain Team, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bram Vandekerckhove
- Center for Microsystems Technology, Imec and Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lars Emil Larsen
- 4Brain Team, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jean Delbeke
- 4Brain Team, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wytse J Wadman
- 4Brain Team, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristl Vonck
- 4Brain Team, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Carette
- 4Brain Team, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alfred Meurs
- 4Brain Team, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Vanfleteren
- Center for Microsystems Technology, Imec and Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul Boon
- 4Brain Team, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Missinne
- Center for Microsystems Technology, Imec and Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robrecht Raedt
- 4Brain Team, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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16
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Interstitial Photodynamic Therapy for Glioblastomas: A Standardized Procedure for Clinical Use. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225754. [PMID: 34830908 PMCID: PMC8616201 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The most frequent primary high-grade brain tumors are glioblastomas (GBMs). The current standard of care for GBM is maximal surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite all these treatments, the overall survival is still limited, with a median of 15 months. The challenge is to improve the local control of this infiltrative disease. Interstitial photodynamic therapy (iPDT) is a minimally invasive treatment relying on the interaction of light, a photosensitizer and oxygen. It consists of introducing optical fibers inside the tumor to illuminate the cancer cells which have been sensitized to light thanks to a natural photosensitizer agent. Herein, we propose a standardized and reproducible workflow for the clinical application of iPDT to GBM. This workflow, which involves intraoperative imaging, a dedicated treatment planning system (TPS) and robotic assistance for the implantation of stereotactic optical fibers, represents a key step in the deployment of iPDT for the treatment of GBM. Abstract Glioblastomas (GBMs) are high-grade malignancies with a poor prognosis. The current standard of care for GBM is maximal surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite all these treatments, the overall survival is still limited, with a median of 15 months. For patients harboring inoperable GBM, due to the anatomical location of the tumor or poor general condition of the patient, the life expectancy is even worse. The challenge of managing GBM is therefore to improve the local control especially for non-surgical patients. Interstitial photodynamic therapy (iPDT) is a minimally invasive treatment relying on the interaction of light, a photosensitizer and oxygen. In the case of brain tumors, iPDT consists of introducing one or several optical fibers in the tumor area, without large craniotomy, to illuminate the photosensitized tumor cells. It induces necrosis and/or apoptosis of the tumor cells, and it can destruct the tumor vasculature and produces an acute inflammatory response that attracts leukocytes. Interstitial PDT has already been applied in the treatment of brain tumors with very promising results. However, no standardized procedure has emerged from previous studies. Herein, we propose a standardized and reproducible workflow for the clinical application of iPDT to GBM. This workflow, which involves intraoperative imaging, a dedicated treatment planning system (TPS) and robotic assistance for the implantation of stereotactic optical fibers, represents a key step in the deployment of iPDT for the treatment of GBM. This end-to-end procedure has been validated on a phantom in real operating room conditions. The thorough description of a fully integrated iPDT workflow is an essential step forward to a clinical trial to evaluate iPDT in the treatment of GBM.
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17
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Lu H, Grygoryev K, Bermingham N, Jansen M, O’Sullivan M, Nunan G, Buckley K, Manley K, Burke R, Andersson-Engels S. Combined autofluorescence and diffuse reflectance for brain tumour surgical guidance: initial ex vivo study results. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:2432-2446. [PMID: 33996239 PMCID: PMC8086447 DOI: 10.1364/boe.420292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This ex vivo study was conducted to assess the potential of using a fibre optic probe system based on autofluorescence and diffuse reflectance for tissue differentiation in the brain. A total of 180 optical measurements were acquired from 28 brain specimens (five patients) with eight excitation and emission wavelengths spanning from 300 to 700 nm. Partial least square-linear discriminant analysis (PLS-LDA) was used for tissue discrimination. Leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) was then used to evaluate the performance of the classification model. Grey matter was differentiated from tumour tissue with sensitivity of 89.3% and specificity of 92.5%. The variable importance in projection (VIP) derived from the PLS regression was applied to wavelengths selection, and identified the biochemical sources of the detected signals. The initial results of the study were promising and point the way towards a cost-effective, miniaturized hand-held probe for real time and label-free surgical guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Lu
- Biophotonics @ Tyndall, IPIC, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Konstantin Grygoryev
- Biophotonics @ Tyndall, IPIC, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niamh Bermingham
- Department of Neuropathology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael Jansen
- Department of Neuropathology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Gerard Nunan
- Stryker, Instruments Innovation Centre, IDA Business and Technology Park, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kevin Buckley
- Stryker, Instruments Innovation Centre, IDA Business and Technology Park, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kevin Manley
- Stryker, Instruments Innovation Centre, IDA Business and Technology Park, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ray Burke
- Biophotonics @ Tyndall, IPIC, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Stefan Andersson-Engels
- Biophotonics @ Tyndall, IPIC, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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18
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Optical investigation of bovine grey and white matters in visible and near-infrared ranges. POLISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Due to enormous interests for laser in medicine and biology, optical properties characterization of different tissue have be affecting in development processes. In addition, the optical properties of biological tissues could be influenced by storage methods. Thus, optical properties of bovine white and grey tissues preserved by formalin have been characterized over a wide wavelength spectrum varied between 440 nm and 1000 nm.
Materials and Methods: To that end, a single integrating sphere system was assembled for spectroscopic characterization and an inverse adding-doubling algorithm was used to retrieve optical coefficients, i.e. reduced scattering and absorption coefficients.
Results: White matter has shown a strong scattering property in comparison to grey matter. On the other hand, the grey matter has absorbed light extensively. In comparison, the reduced scattering profile for both tissue types turned out to be consistent with prior works that characterized optical coefficients in vivo. On the contrary, absorption coefficient behavior has a different feature.
Conclusion: Formalin could change the tissue’s optical properties because of the alteration of tissue’s structure and components. The absence of hemoglobin that seeps out due to the use of a formalin could reduce the absorption coefficient over the visible range. Both the water replacement by formalin could reduce the refractive index of a stored tissue and the absence of hemoglobin that scatters light over the presented wavelength range should diminish the reduced scattering coefficients over that wavelength range.
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Cai L, Nitta T, Yokota S, Obata T, Okada E, Kawaguchi H. Targeting brain regions of interest in functional near-infrared spectroscopy-Scalp-cortex correlation using subject-specific light propagation models. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:1969-1986. [PMID: 33621388 PMCID: PMC8046049 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting specific brain regions of interest by the accurate positioning of optodes (emission and detection probes) on the scalp remains a challenge for functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Since fNIRS data does not provide any anatomical information on the brain cortex, establishing the scalp‐cortex correlation (SCC) between emission‐detection probe pairs on the scalp and the underlying brain regions in fNIRS measurements is extremely important. A conventional SCC is obtained by a geometrical point‐to‐point manner and ignores the effect of light scattering in the head tissue that occurs in actual fNIRS measurements. Here, we developed a sensitivity‐based matching (SBM) method that incorporated the broad spatial sensitivity of the probe pair due to light scattering into the SCC for fNIRS. The SCC was analyzed between head surface fiducial points determined by the international 10–10 system and automated anatomical labeling brain regions for 45 subject‐specific head models. The performance of the SBM method was compared with that of three conventional geometrical matching (GM) methods. We reveal that the light scattering and individual anatomical differences in the head affect the SCC, which indicates that the SBM method is compulsory to obtain the precise SCC. The SBM method enables us to evaluate the activity of cortical regions that are overlooked in the SCC obtained by conventional GM methods. Together, the SBM method could be a promising approach to guide fNIRS users in designing their probe arrangements and in explaining their measurement data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cai
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nitta
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sho Yokota
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Obata
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eiji Okada
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawaguchi
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.,Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
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20
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Nakata M, Shimoda M, Yamamoto S. UV-Induced Neuronal Degeneration in the Rat Cerebral Cortex. Cereb Cortex Commun 2021; 2:tgab006. [PMID: 34296154 PMCID: PMC8152860 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light on the cortical surface can induce a focal brain lesion (UV lesion) in rodents. In the present study, we investigated the process of establishing a UV lesion. Rats underwent UV irradiation (365-nm wavelength, 2.0 mWh) over the dura, and time-dependent changes in the cortical tissue were analyzed histologically. We found that the majority of neurons in the lesion started to degenerate within 24 h and the rest disappeared within 5 days after irradiation. UV-induced neuronal degeneration progressed in a layer-dependent manner. Moreover, UV-induced terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positivity and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) immunoreactivity were also detected. These findings suggest that UV irradiation in the brain can induce gradual neural degeneration and oxidative stress. Importantly, UV vulnerability may vary among cortical layers. UV-induced cell death may be due to apoptosis; however, there remains a possibility that UV-irradiated cells were degenerated via processes other than apoptosis. The UV lesion technique will not only assist in investigating brain function at a targeted site but may also serve as a pathophysiological model of focal brain injury and/or neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Nakata
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Group, Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimoda
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Group, Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
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21
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Refractive index of biological tissues: Review, measurement techniques, and applications. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 33:102192. [PMID: 33508501 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Refractive index (RI) is a characteristic optical variable that controls the propagation of light in the medium (e.g., biological tissues). Basic research with the aim to investigate the RI of biological tissues is of paramount importance for biomedical optics and associated applications. Herein, we reviewed and summarized the RI data of biological tissues and the associated insights. Different techniques for the measurement of RI of biological tissues are also discussed. Moreover, several examples of the RI applications from basic research, clinics and optics industry are outlined. This study may provide a comprehensive reference for RI data of biological tissues for the biomedical research and beyond.
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22
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Abstract
This review considers glioma molecular markers in brain tissues and body fluids, shows the pathways of their formation, and describes traditional methods of analysis. The most important optical properties of glioma markers in the terahertz (THz) frequency range are also presented. New metamaterial-based technologies for molecular marker detection at THz frequencies are discussed. A variety of machine learning methods, which allow the marker detection sensitivity and differentiation of healthy and tumor tissues to be improved with the aid of THz tools, are considered. The actual results on the application of THz techniques in the intraoperative diagnosis of brain gliomas are shown. THz technologies’ potential in molecular marker detection and defining the boundaries of the glioma’s tissue is discussed.
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23
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Baria E, Pracucci E, Pillai V, Pavone FS, Ratto GM, Cicchi R. In vivo detection of murine glioblastoma through Raman and reflectance fiber-probe spectroscopies. NEUROPHOTONICS 2020; 7:045010. [PMID: 33274251 PMCID: PMC7707056 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.7.4.045010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults. With a worldwide incidence rate of 2 to 3 per 100,000 people, it accounts for more than 60% of all brain cancers; currently, its 5-year survival rate is < 5 % . GBM treatment relies mainly on surgical resection. In this framework, multimodal optical spectroscopy could provide a fast and label-free tool for improving tumor detection and guiding the removal of diseased tissues. Aim: Discriminating healthy brain from GBM tissues in an animal model through the combination of Raman and reflectance spectroscopies. Approach: EGFP-GL261 cells were injected into the brains of eight laboratory mice for inducing murine GBM in these animals. A multimodal optical fiber probe combining fluorescence, Raman, and reflectance spectroscopy was used to localize in vivo healthy and tumor brain areas and to collect their spectral information. Results: Tumor areas were localized through the detection of EGFP fluorescence emission. Then, Raman and reflectance spectra were collected from healthy and tumor tissues, and later analyzed through principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis in order to develop a classification algorithm. Raman and reflectance spectra resulted in 92% and 93% classification accuracy, respectively. Combining together these techniques allowed improving the discrimination between healthy and tumor tissues up to 97%. Conclusions: These preliminary results demonstrate the potential of multimodal fiber-probe spectroscopy for in vivo label-free detection and delineation of brain tumors, and thus represent an additional, encouraging step toward clinical translation and deployment of fiber-probe spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Baria
- University of Florence, Department of Physics, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Enrico Pracucci
- Scuola Normale Superiore, National Enterprise for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vinoshene Pillai
- Scuola Normale Superiore, National Enterprise for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco S. Pavone
- University of Florence, Department of Physics, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- National Institute of Optics – National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gian M. Ratto
- Scuola Normale Superiore, National Enterprise for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cicchi
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- National Institute of Optics – National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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24
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Grygoryev K, Komolibus K, Gunther J, Nunan G, Manley K, Andersson-Engels S, Burke R. Cranial Perforation Using an Optically-Enhanced Surgical Drill. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 67:3474-3482. [PMID: 32310759 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2020.2987952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The design of mechanically clutched cranial perforators, used in craniotomy procedures, limits their performance under certain clinical conditions and can, in some cases, impose the risk of severe brain injury on patients undergoing the procedure. An additional safety mechanism could help in mitigating these risks. In this work, we examine the use of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy as a potential fallback mechanism for near real-time detection of the bone-brain boundary. Monte Carlo simulation of a two layer model with optical properties of bone and brain at 530 and 850 nm resulted in a detectable change in diffuse reflectance signal when approaching the boundary. The simulated results were used to guide the development of an experimental drill control system, which was tested on 10 sheep craniums and yielded 88.1 % success rate in the detection of the approaching bone-brain boundary.
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25
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Heckl C, Aumiller M, Rühm A, Sroka R, Stepp H. Fluorescence and Treatment Light Monitoring for Interstitial Photodynamic Therapy. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:388-396. [PMID: 31886892 DOI: 10.1111/php.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In interstitial photodynamic therapy, light is distributed to the tumor via light diffusers. The light dose and the related phototoxic effect achieved throughout the target volume critically depend on absorption, scattering and diffuser positioning. Using liquid tissue phantoms, we investigated the dependencies of treatment light transmission and protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence on these parameters. This enabled monitoring hemoglobin oxygenation and methemoglobin formation during irradiation (635 nm, 200 mW cm-1 diffuser length). Starting with two parallel cylindrical diffusers at 10 mm radial separation, the light transmitted between the fibers was largely determined by the minimal distance between the diffusers, but rather insensitive to an additional axial displacement or tilting of one fiber with respect to the other. For fixed distance between the diffusor centers, however, tilting up to direct contact resulted in a 10-fold signal increase. For hemoglobin within erythrocytes, irradiation leads to photobleaching of PpIX without marked change in hemoglobin oxygenation until hemolysis occurs. Afterward, hemoglobin is rapidly deoxygenized and methemoglobin is formed, leading to a dramatic increase in absorption. For lysed blood, these effects start immediately. A comparison of intraoperative monitoring of the signals with the experimental results might help prevent insufficient treatment by reconsidering treatment planning or prolonging irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Heckl
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Aumiller
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Rühm
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ronald Sroka
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert Stepp
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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26
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Wang T, Wu C, Ouzounov DG, Gu W, Xia F, Kim M, Yang X, Warden MR, Xu C. Quantitative analysis of 1300-nm three-photon calcium imaging in the mouse brain. eLife 2020; 9:53205. [PMID: 31999253 PMCID: PMC7028383 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
1300 nm three-photon calcium imaging has emerged as a useful technique to allow calcium imaging in deep brain regions. Application to large-scale neural activity imaging entails a careful balance between recording fidelity and perturbation to the sample. We calculated and experimentally verified the excitation pulse energy to achieve the minimum photon count required for the detection of calcium transients in GCaMP6s-expressing neurons for 920 nm two-photon and 1320 nm three-photon excitation. By considering the combined effects of in-focus signal attenuation and out-of-focus background generation, we quantified the cross-over depth beyond which three-photon microscopy outpeforms two-photon microscopy in recording fidelity. Brain tissue heating by continuous three-photon imaging was simulated with Monte Carlo method and experimentally validated with immunohistochemistry. Increased immunoreactivity was observed with 150 mW excitation power at 1 and 1.2 mm imaging depths. Our analysis presents a translatable model for the optimization of three-photon calcium imaging based on experimentally tractable parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Wang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Chunyan Wu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Dimitre G Ouzounov
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Wenchao Gu
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Fei Xia
- Meining School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Minsu Kim
- College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Xusan Yang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Melissa R Warden
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Chris Xu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
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27
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Sibai M, Mehidine H, Moawad EK, Juchaux M, Varlet P, Devaux B, Abi Haidar D. Comparison of optically-derived biomarkers in healthy and brain tumor tissue under one- and two-photon excitation. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900111. [PMID: 31276313 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The surgical outcome of brain tumor resection and needle biopsy is significantly correlated to the patient's prognosis. Brain tumor surgery is limited to resecting the solid portion of the tumor as current intraoperative imaging modalities are incapable of delineating infiltrative regions. For accurate delineation, in situ tissue interrogation at the submicron scale is warranted. Additionally, multimodal detection is required to remediate the genetically and molecularly heterogeneous nature of brain tumors, notably, that of gliomas, meningioma and brain metastasis. Multimodal detection, such as spectrally- and temporally-resolved fluorescence under one- and two-photon excitation, enables characterizing tissue based on several endogenous optical contrasts. In order to assign the optically-derived parameters to different tissue types, construction of an optical database obtained from biopsied tissue is warranted. This report showcases the different quantitative and semi-quantitative optical markers that may comprise the tissue discrimination database. These include: the optical index ratio, the optical redox ratio, the relative collagen density, spectrally-resolved fluorescence lifetime parameters, two-photon fluorescence imaging and second harmonic generation imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Sibai
- Imagerie et Modélisation en Neurobiologie et Cancérologie (IMNC), CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, IMNC, Orsay, France
| | - Hussein Mehidine
- Imagerie et Modélisation en Neurobiologie et Cancérologie (IMNC), CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, IMNC, Orsay, France
| | - Emile Kaadou Moawad
- Imagerie et Modélisation en Neurobiologie et Cancérologie (IMNC), CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, IMNC, Orsay, France
| | - Marjorie Juchaux
- Imagerie et Modélisation en Neurobiologie et Cancérologie (IMNC), CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, IMNC, Orsay, France
| | - Pascale Varlet
- Neuropathology Department, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
- IMA BRAIN, INSERMU894, Centre de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Devaux
- Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
- Neurosurgery Department, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Darine Abi Haidar
- Imagerie et Modélisation en Neurobiologie et Cancérologie (IMNC), CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, IMNC, Orsay, France
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28
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Tunc B, Gulsoy M. The Comparison of Thermal Effects of a 1940-nm Tm:fiber Laser and 980-nm Diode Laser on Cortical Tissue: Stereotaxic Laser Brain Surgery. Lasers Surg Med 2019; 52:235-246. [PMID: 31592541 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The thermal damage on adjacent healthy structures is always an unwanted consequence of continuous-wave laser irradiation of soft tissues. To propose a laser as an effective alternative to traditional surgical tools, this photothermal damage due to heat conduction must be taken into account with a detailed laser dosimetry study. Two candidate lasers; a 980-nm diode and 1940-nm Tm:fiber were selected for this study. Despite the poor absorption by water, the 980-nm diode laser has been one of the most widely used lasers in soft tissue surgeries due its good absorption by hemoglobin, which provides good homeostasis. The second laser; the Tm:fiber laser was selected due to its wavelength operating at an absorption peak of water (1,940 nm), which makes it a good candidate for ablation of biological tissues, and it is readily capable of being transmitted through flexible fiber optics to deliver energy to hard-to-reach regions. The underlying motivation for the research described in this paper is that with a comprehensive comparison of ablation capabilities and a detailed dose study of infrared lasers operating at different wavelengths and temperature monitoring of the tissue during laser surgery, it may be possible to specify the optimal laser parameters for laser surgery, and propose a treatment alternative to conventional surgical techniques in clinical use. The objectives of this study were to investigate and to compare the thermal effects of 980-nm and 1940-nm lasers on cortical tissue in vivo, to find the optimum parameters for laser-brain-ablation with minimum thermal damage to the surrounding healthy tissue, and finally, to analyze laser irradiated tissue thermographically and histologically to correlate thermal events and tissue damage with laser irradiation parameters. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Stereotaxic laser brain surgeries were performed on 32 male Wistar rats. A t-type thermocouple was used to measure the temperature of the nearby tissue at a distance of 1 mm above and 1 mm away from the fiber tip during laser surgery. Cresyl fast violet (CFV) staining was used to expose the thermal extent of laser surgery on cortical tissue. Eight tissue samples from each laser study group were processed for histological analysis and the mean ± standard deviation for thermal damage was reported. Thermal damage was quantified as ablation (thermally removed tissue), severe and mild coagulation (irreversible thermal damage) and edematous (reversible thermal damage) areas with regard to CFV stained slices. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to test if the ablation efficiencies and total damage, and edematous areas were correlated to rates of temperature change. RESULTS No significant adverse effects were observed during surgeries. We found that both lasers investigated were successful in cortical tissue removal. Our results also revealed that irrespective of the mode of operation, laser wavelength and laser power, there is a strong correlation between the rates of temperature change and ablation efficiencies and a negative correlation between the rate of temperature change and total damage and edematous area. CONCLUSIONS Both lasers investigated were successful in cortical tissue removal. We also reported that when the amount of energy delivered to the tissue was constant, the most important issue was to deliver this energy in a short time to achieve more efficient ablations with less edema around the lesion, regardless of mode of delivery (continuous or pulsed-modulated mode), but further studies including the healing period after laser surgeries have to be performed to compare the thermal extent of damage comprehensively. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Tunc
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bahcesehir University, South Campus, Besiktas, 34353, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Gulsoy
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Kandilli Campus, Cengelkoy, Istanbul, 34684, Turkey
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29
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Genina EA, Bashkatov AN, Tuchina DK, Dyachenko (Timoshina) PA, Navolokin N, Shirokov A, Khorovodov A, Terskov A, Klimova M, Mamedova A, Blokhina I, Agranovich I, Zinchenko E, Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya OV, Tuchin VV. Optical properties of brain tissues at the different stages of glioma development in rats: pilot study. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:5182-5197. [PMID: 31646040 PMCID: PMC6788608 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.005182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, measurements of the optical properties (diffuse reflectance, total and collimated transmittance) of brain tissues in healthy rats and rats with C6-glioma were performed in the spectral range from 350 to 1800 nm. Using these measurements, characteristic tissue optical parameters, such as absorption coefficient, scattering coefficient, reduced scattering coefficient, and scattering anisotropy factor were reconstructed. It was obtained that the 10-day development of glioma led to increase of absorption coefficient, which was associated with the water content elevation in the tumor. However, further development of the tumor (formation of the necrotic core) led to decrease in the water content. The dependence of the scattering properties on the different stages of model glioma development was more complex. Light penetration depth into the healthy and tumor brain was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina A. Genina
- Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., Saratov 410012, Russia
- Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Alexey N. Bashkatov
- Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., Saratov 410012, Russia
- Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Daria K. Tuchina
- Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., Saratov 410012, Russia
- Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilova str., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Polina A. Dyachenko (Timoshina)
- Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., Saratov 410012, Russia
- Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Nikita Navolokin
- Saratov State Medical University, 112, B. Kazachya str., Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Alexander Shirokov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, IBPPM RAS, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov 410049, Russia
| | | | - Andrey Terskov
- Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Maria Klimova
- Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Aysel Mamedova
- Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Inna Blokhina
- Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Ilana Agranovich
- Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., Saratov 410012, Russia
| | | | | | - Valery V. Tuchin
- Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., Saratov 410012, Russia
- Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 24, Rabochaya Str., Saratov 410028, Russia
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30
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Afshari A, Ghassemi P, Lin J, Halprin M, Wang J, Mendoza G, Weininger S, Pfefer TJ. Cerebral oximetry performance testing with a 3D-printed vascular array phantom. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:3731-3746. [PMID: 31452971 PMCID: PMC6701524 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.003731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral oximetry based on near-infrared spectroscopy represents a unique noninvasive tool for real-time surgical monitoring, yet studies have shown a significant discrepancy in accuracy among commercial systems. Towards the establishment of a standardized method for performance testing, we have studied a solid phantom approach - based on a 3D-printed cerebrovascular module (CVM) incorporating an array of 148 cylindrical channels - that has several advantages over liquid phantoms. Development and characterization of a CVM prototype are described, including high-resolution imaging and spectrophotometry measurements. The CVM was filled with whole bovine blood tuned over an oxygen saturation range of 30-90% and molded-silicone layers simulating extracerebral tissues were used to evaluate penetration depth. Saturation measurement accuracy was assessed in two commercially-available clinical cerebral oximeters. For one oximeter, both neonatal and pediatric sensors showed a high degree of precision, whereas accuracy was strongly dependent on saturation level and extracerebral geometry. The second oximeter showed worse precision, yet greater robustness to variations in extracerebral layers. These results indicate that 3D-printed channel array phantoms represent a promising new approach for standardized testing of clinical oximeters.
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31
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Golovynskyi S, Golovynska I, Stepanova LI, Datsenko OI, Liu L, Qu J, Ohulchanskyy TY. Optical windows for head tissues in near-infrared and short-wave infrared regions: Approaching transcranial light applications. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201800141. [PMID: 30098115 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Optical properties of the rat head tissues (brain cortex, cranial bone and scalp skin) are assessed, aiming at transcranial light applications such as optical imaging and phototherapy. The spectral measurements are carried out over the wide spectral range of 350 to 2800 nm, involving visible, near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) regions. Four tissue transparency windows are considered: ~700 to 1000 nm (NIR-I), ~1000 to 1350 nm (NIR-II), ~1550 to 1870 nm (NIR-III or SWIR) and ~2100 to 2300 nm (SWIR-II). The values of attenuation coefficient and total attenuation length are determined for all windows and tissue types. The spectra indicate transmittance peaks in NIR, NIR-II and SWIR-II, with maximum tissue permeability for SWIR light. The use of SWIR-II window for the transcranial light applications is substantiated. Furthermore, absorbance of the head tissues is investigated in details, by defining and describing the characteristic absorption peaks in NIR-SWIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergii Golovynskyi
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Iuliia Golovynska
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ludmila I Stepanova
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Liwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tymish Y Ohulchanskyy
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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32
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Han D, Xu J, Wang Z, Yang N, Li X, Qian Y, Li G, Dai R, Xu S. Penetrating effect of high-intensity infrared laser pulses through body tissue. RSC Adv 2018; 8:32344-32357. [PMID: 35547482 PMCID: PMC9086259 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05285a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers have utilized infrared (IR) lasers as energy sources in laser therapy for curing skin diseases and skin injuries with remarkable effects. Preliminary experiments have also shown that high-intensity IR laser pulses could penetrate thick body tissues, resulting in remarkable effects for recovery from injuries in deep muscles and cartilage tissues. However, for deep-level IR laser therapy, it is unclear how much of the laser power density penetrates the body tissues at certain depths and which of the three major effects of laser irradiation, namely, laser-induced photo-chemical effect, photo-thermal effect and mechanical dragging effect, play a key role in the curing process. Thus, in this study, we developed micro-sized thin-film thermocouple (TFTC) arrays on freestanding Si3N4 thin-film windows as sensors for laser power density and local temperature. These devices showed excellent linear responses in output voltage to laser power density with wavelengths in the range of 325-1064 nm, and also indicated the local temperature at the laser spot. We systematically measured the penetrating effect and thermal effect through thick porcine tissues for high-intensity IR pulses with a laser system used in clinical treatment and subtracted the attenuation parameters for the porcine skin, fat and muscle tissue from the experimental data. The results offered reliable quantitative references for safe irradiation doses of high-intensity IR laser pulses in practical laser therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhong Han
- Key Laboratory for the AGA & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China +86-10-62757261
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Key Laboratory for the AGA & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China +86-10-62757261
| | - Zhenhai Wang
- Key Laboratory for the AGA & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China +86-10-62757261
| | - Nana Yang
- Key Laboratory for the AGA & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China +86-10-62757261
| | - Xunzhou Li
- TED Healthcare Technology Ltd Unit 350, 3/F, Block B, Beijing Venture Plaza, A11, An Xiang Bei li Rd. Beijing 100101 P. R. China
| | - Yingying Qian
- TED Healthcare Technology Ltd Unit 350, 3/F, Block B, Beijing Venture Plaza, A11, An Xiang Bei li Rd. Beijing 100101 P. R. China
| | - Ge Li
- TED Healthcare Technology Ltd Unit 350, 3/F, Block B, Beijing Venture Plaza, A11, An Xiang Bei li Rd. Beijing 100101 P. R. China
| | - Rujun Dai
- TED Healthcare Technology Ltd Unit 350, 3/F, Block B, Beijing Venture Plaza, A11, An Xiang Bei li Rd. Beijing 100101 P. R. China
| | - Shengyong Xu
- Key Laboratory for the AGA & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China +86-10-62757261
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33
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Dubois A, Chiang CC, Smekens F, Jan S, Cuplov V, Palfi S, Chuang KS, Senova S, Pain F. Optical and thermal simulations for the design of optodes for minimally invasive optogenetics stimulation or photomodulation of deep and large cortical areas in non-human primate brain. J Neural Eng 2018; 15:065004. [PMID: 30190446 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aadf97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of optogenetics or photobiomodulation in non-human primate (NHP) requires the ability to noninvasively stimulate large and deep cortical brain tissues volumes. In this context, the optical and geometrical parameters of optodes are critical. Methods and general guidelines to optimize these parameters have to be defined. OBJECTIVE We propose the design of an optode for safe and efficient optical stimulation of a large volume of NHP cortex, down to 3-5 mm depths without inserting fibers into the cortex. APPROACH Monte Carlo simulations of optical and thermal transport have been carried out using the Geant4 application for tomographic emission (GATE) platform. Parameters such as the fiber diameter, numerical aperture, number of fibers and their geometrical arrangement have been studied. Optimal hardware parameters are proposed to obtain homogeneous fluence above the fluence threshold for opsin activation without detrimental thermal effects. MAIN RESULTS The simulations show that a large fiber diameter and a large numerical aperture are preferable since they allow limiting power concentration and hence the resulting thermal increases at the brain surface. To obtain a volume of 200-500 mm3 of brain tissues receiving a fluence above the opsin activation threshold for optogenetics or below a phototocixity threshold for photobiomodulation, a 4 fibers configuration is proposed. The optimal distance between the fibers was found to be 4 mm. A practical implementation of the optode has been performed and the corresponding fluence and thermal maps have been simulated. SIGNIFICANCE The present study defines a method to optimize the design of optode and the choice of stimulation parameters for optogenetics and more generally light delivery to deep and large volumes of tissues in NHP brain with a controlled irradiance dosimetry. The general guidelines are the use of silica fibers with a large numerical aperture and a large diameter. The combination of several fibers is required if large volumes need to be stimulated while avoiding thermal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dubois
- IMNC, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay F-91405, France
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34
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Honda N, Ishii K, Kajimoto Y, Kuroiwa T, Awazu K. Determination of optical properties of human brain tumor tissues from 350 to 1000 nm to investigate the cause of false negatives in fluorescence-guided resection with 5-aminolevulinic acid. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-10. [PMID: 30006993 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.7.075006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of human brain tumor tissues, including glioblastoma, meningioma, oligodendroglioma, and metastasis, that were classified into "strong," "vague," and "unobservable" fluorescence by a neurosurgeon were measured and compared. The optical properties of the tissues were measured with a double integrating sphere and the inverse Monte Carlo technique from 350 to 1000 nm. Using reasons of ex-vivo measurement, the optical properties at around 420 nm were potentially affected by the hemoglobin content in tissues. Significant differences were not observed between the optical properties of the glioblastoma regions with "strong" and "unobservable" fluorescence. Sections of human brain tumor tissue with "strong" and "unobservable" fluorescence were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The cell densities [mean ± standard deviation (S.D.)] in regions with "strong" and "unobservable" fluorescence were 31 ± 9 × 102 per mm2 and 12 ± 4 × 102 per mm2, respectively, which is a statistically significant difference. The higher fluorescence intensity is associated with higher cell density. The difference in cell density modified the scattering coefficient yet it does not lead to significant differences in the reduced scattering coefficient and thus does not affect the propagation of the diffuse fluorescent light. Hence, the false negatives, which mean a brain tumor only shows "unobservable" fluorescence and is hence classified incorrectly as nontumor, in using 5-ALA for detection of human glioblastoma do not result from the differences in optical properties of human brain glioblastoma tissues. Our results suggest that the primary cause of false negatives may be a lack of PpIX or a low accumulation of PpIX.
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Liu Y, Ghassemi P, Depkon A, Iacono MI, Lin J, Mendoza G, Wang J, Tang Q, Chen Y, Pfefer TJ. Biomimetic 3D-printed neurovascular phantoms for near-infrared fluorescence imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:2810-2824. [PMID: 30258692 PMCID: PMC6154206 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.002810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Emerging three-dimensional (3D) printing technology enables the fabrication of optically realistic and morphologically complex tissue-simulating phantoms for the development and evaluation of novel optical imaging products. In this study, we assess the potential to print image-defined neurovascular phantoms with patent channels for contrast-enhanced near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging. An anatomical map defined from clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was segmented and processed into files suitable for printing a forebrain vessel network in rectangular and curved-surface biomimetic phantoms. Methods for effectively cleaning samples with complex vasculature were determined. A final set of phantoms were imaged with a custom NIRF system at 785 nm excitation using two NIRF contrast agents. In addition to demonstrating the strong potential of 3D printing for creating highly realistic, patient-specific biophotonic phantoms, our work provides insight into optimal methods for accomplishing this goal and elucidates current limitations of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Pejhman Ghassemi
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Andrew Depkon
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Maria Ida Iacono
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Lin
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Gonzalo Mendoza
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jianting Wang
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Qinggong Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - T Joshua Pfefer
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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36
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Lv X, Chen H, Liu G, Shen S, Wu Q, Hu C, Li J, Dong E, Xu RX. Design of a portable phantom device to simulate tissue oxygenation and blood perfusion. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:3938-3946. [PMID: 29791363 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.003938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose a portable phantom system for calibration and validation of medical optical devices in a clinical setting. The phantom system comprises a perfusion module and an exchangeable tissue-simulating phantom that simulates tissue oxygenation and blood perfusion. The perfusion module consists of a peristaltic pump, two liquid storage units, and two pressure suppressors. The tissue-simulating phantom is fabricated by a three-dimensional (3D) printing process with microchannels embedded to simulate blood vessels. Optical scattering and absorption properties of biologic tissue are simulated by mixing graphite powder and titanium dioxide powder with clear photoreactive resin at specific ratios. Tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) and blood perfusion are simulated by circulating the mixture of blood and intralipid at different oxygenation levels and flow rates. A house-made multimodal imaging system that combines multispectral imaging and laser speckle imaging are used for non-invasive detection of phantom oxygenation and perfusion, and the measurements are compared with those of a commercial Moor device as well as numerical simulation. By acquiring multimodal imaging data from one phantom and applying the calibration factors in different settings, we demonstrate the technical feasibility to calibrate optical devices for consistent measurements. By simulating retina tissue vasculature and acquiring functional images at different tissue oxygenation and blood perfusion levels, we demonstrate the clinical potential to simulate tissue anomalies. Our experiments imply the clinical potential of a portable, low-cost, and traceable phantom standard to calibrate and validate medical optical devices for improved performance.
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Yashin KS, Kravets LY, Gladkova ND, Gelikonov GV, Medyanik IA, Karabut MM, Kiseleva EB, Shilyagin PA. [Optical coherence tomography in neurosurgery]. ZHURNAL VOPROSY NEĬROKHIRURGII IMENI N. N. BURDENKO 2018; 81:107-115. [PMID: 28665394 DOI: 10.17116/neiro2017813107-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K S Yashin
- Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics of Public Health Ministry of Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - L Yu Kravets
- Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics of Public Health Ministry of Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - N D Gladkova
- Nizhny Novgorod state medical Academy of Public Health Ministry of Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - G V Gelikonov
- The Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - I A Medyanik
- Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics of Public Health Ministry of Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - M M Karabut
- Nizhny Novgorod state medical Academy of Public Health Ministry of Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - E B Kiseleva
- Nizhny Novgorod state medical Academy of Public Health Ministry of Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - P A Shilyagin
- The Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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Xie Y, Thom M, Ebner M, Wykes V, Desjardins A, Miserocchi A, Ourselin S, McEvoy AW, Vercauteren T. Wide-field spectrally resolved quantitative fluorescence imaging system: toward neurosurgical guidance in glioma resection. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:1-14. [PMID: 29139243 PMCID: PMC6742512 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.11.116006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In high-grade glioma surgery, tumor resection is often guided by intraoperative fluorescence imaging. 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) provides fluorescent contrast between normal brain tissue and glioma tissue, thus achieving improved tumor delineation and prolonged patient survival compared with conventional white-light-guided resection. However, commercially available fluorescence imaging systems rely solely on visual assessment of fluorescence patterns by the surgeon, which makes the resection more subjective than necessary. We developed a wide-field spectrally resolved fluorescence imaging system utilizing a Generation II scientific CMOS camera and an improved computational model for the precise reconstruction of the PpIX concentration map. In our model, the tissue's optical properties and illumination geometry, which distort the fluorescent emission spectra, are considered. We demonstrate that the CMOS-based system can detect low PpIX concentration at short camera exposure times, while providing high-pixel resolution wide-field images. We show that total variation regularization improves the contrast-to-noise ratio of the reconstructed quantitative concentration map by approximately twofold. Quantitative comparison between the estimated PpIX concentration and tumor histopathology was also investigated to further evaluate the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Xie
- University College London, Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
- Address all correspondence to: Yijing Xie,
| | - Maria Thom
- University College London, Institute of Neurology, Department of Neuropathology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Ebner
- University College London, Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Wykes
- University College London, Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrien Desjardins
- University College London, Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Miserocchi
- University College London, Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- University College London, Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew W. McEvoy
- University College London, Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
- University College London, Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Vercauteren
- University College London, Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
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Lichtenegger A, Harper DJ, Augustin M, Eugui P, Muck M, Gesperger J, Hitzenberger CK, Woehrer A, Baumann B. Spectroscopic imaging with spectral domain visible light optical coherence microscopy in Alzheimer's disease brain samples. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:4007-4025. [PMID: 28966843 PMCID: PMC5611919 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.004007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A visible light spectral domain optical coherence microscopy system was developed. A high axial resolution of 0.88 μm in tissue was achieved using a broad visible light spectrum (425 - 685 nm). Healthy human brain tissue was imaged to quantify the difference between white (WM) and grey matter (GM) in intensity and attenuation. The high axial resolution enables the investigation of amyloid-beta plaques of various sizes in human brain tissue and animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). By performing a spectroscopic analysis of the OCM data, differences in the characteristics for WM, GM, and neuritic amyloid-beta plaques were found. To gain additional contrast, Congo red stained AD brain tissue was investigated. A first effort was made to investigate optically cleared mouse brain tissue to increase the penetration depth and visualize hyperscattering structures in deeper cortical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Lichtenegger
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna,
Austria
| | - Danielle J. Harper
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna,
Austria
| | - Marco Augustin
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna,
Austria
| | - Pablo Eugui
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna,
Austria
| | - Martina Muck
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna,
Austria
- Institute of Neurology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna,
Austria
| | - Johanna Gesperger
- Institute of Neurology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna,
Austria
| | - Christoph K. Hitzenberger
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna,
Austria
| | - Adelheid Woehrer
- Institute of Neurology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna,
Austria
| | - Bernhard Baumann
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna,
Austria
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40
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Markwardt NA, Stepp H, Franz G, Sroka R, Goetz M, Zelenkov P, Rühm A. Remission spectrometry for blood vessel detection during stereotactic biopsy of brain tumors. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:1080-1094. [PMID: 27714967 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Stereotactic biopsy is used to enable diagnostic confirmation of brain tumors and treatment planning. Despite being a well-established technique, it is related to significant morbidity and mortality rates mostly caused by hemorrhages due to blood vessel ruptures. This paper presents a method of vessel detection during stereotactic biopsy that can be easily implemented by integrating two side-view fibers into a conventional side-cutting biopsy needle. Tissue within the needle window is illuminated through the first fiber; the second fiber detects the remitted light. By taking the ratio of the intensities at two wavelengths with strongly differing hemoglobin absorption, blood vessels can be recognized immediately before biopsy sampling. Via ray tracing simulations and phantom experiments, the dependency of the remission ratio R = I578 /I650 on various parameters (blood oxygenation, fiber-to-vessel and inter-fiber distance, vessel diameter and orientation) was investigated for a bare-fiber probe. Up to 800-1200 µm away from the probe, a vessel can be recognized by a considerable reduction of the remission ratio from the background level. The technique was also successfully tested with a real biopsy needle probe on both optical phantoms and ex-vivo porcine brain tissue, thus showing potential to improve the safety of stereotactic biopsy. Dual-wavelength remission measurement for the detection of blood vessels during stereotactic biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas A Markwardt
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert Stepp
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Franz
- Department of Applied Sciences and Mechatronics, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany
| | - Ronald Sroka
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Adrian Rühm
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
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41
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Klein JS, Mitchell GS, Cherry SR. Quantitative assessment of Cerenkov luminescence for radioguided brain tumor resection surgery. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:4183-4201. [PMID: 28287074 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa6641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) is a developing imaging modality that detects radiolabeled molecules via visible light emitted during the radioactive decay process. We used a Monte Carlo based computer simulation to quantitatively investigate CLI compared to direct detection of the ionizing radiation itself as an intraoperative imaging tool for assessment of brain tumor margins. Our brain tumor model consisted of a 1 mm spherical tumor remnant embedded up to 5 mm in depth below the surface of normal brain tissue. Tumor to background contrast ranging from 2:1 to 10:1 were considered. We quantified all decay signals (e±, gamma photon, Cerenkov photons) reaching the brain volume surface. CLI proved to be the most sensitive method for detecting the tumor volume in both imaging and non-imaging strategies as assessed by contrast-to-noise ratio and by receiver operating characteristic output of a channelized Hotelling observer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin S Klein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
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Markwardt N, Berg A, Dominik N, Goetz M, Haj-Hosseini N, Polzer C, Sroka R, Stepp H, Zelenkov P, Rühm A. Optical spectroscopy for stereotactic biopsy of brain tumors. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.01.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Du Le VN, Provias J, Murty N, Patterson MS, Nie Z, Hayward JE, Farrell TJ, McMillan W, Zhang W, Fang Q. Dual-modality optical biopsy of glioblastomas multiforme with diffuse reflectance and fluorescence: ex vivo retrieval of optical properties. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:27002. [PMID: 28157245 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.2.027002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Glioma itself accounts for 80% of all malignant primary brain tumors, and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) accounts for 55% of such tumors. Diffuse reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy have the potential to discriminate healthy tissues from abnormal tissues and therefore are promising noninvasive methods for improving the accuracy of brain tissue resection. Optical properties were retrieved using an experimentally evaluated inverse solution. On average, the scattering coefficient is 2.4 times higher in GBM than in low grade glioma (LGG), and the absorption coefficient is 48% higher. In addition, the ratio of fluorescence to diffuse reflectance at the emission peak of 460 nm is 2.6 times higher for LGG while reflectance at 650 nm is 2.7 times higher for GBM. The results reported also show that the combination of diffuse reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy could achieve sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 90% in discriminating GBM from LGG during ex vivo measurements of 22 sites from seven glioma specimens. Therefore, the current technique might be a promising tool for aiding neurosurgeons in determining the extent of surgical resection of glioma and, thus, improving intraoperative tumor identification for guiding surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Nguyen Du Le
- McMaster University, Radiation Sciences Graduate Program, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Provias
- McMaster University, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naresh Murty
- McMaster University, Department of Surgery, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Zhaojun Nie
- McMaster University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph E Hayward
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, CanadafMcMaster University, School of Interdisciplinary Science, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas J Farrell
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, CanadafMcMaster University, School of Interdisciplinary Science, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - William McMillan
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, CanadagMcMaster University, Department of Oncology, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyin Fang
- McMaster University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hamilton, Ontario, CanadaiMcMaster University, Department of Engineering Physics, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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44
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Valdés PA, Roberts DW, Lu FK, Golby A. Optical technologies for intraoperative neurosurgical guidance. Neurosurg Focus 2016; 40:E8. [PMID: 26926066 DOI: 10.3171/2015.12.focus15550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical optics is a broadly interdisciplinary field at the interface of optical engineering, biophysics, computer science, medicine, biology, and chemistry, helping us understand light-tissue interactions to create applications with diagnostic and therapeutic value in medicine. Implementation of biomedical optics tools and principles has had a notable scientific and clinical resurgence in recent years in the neurosurgical community. This is in great part due to work in fluorescence-guided surgery of brain tumors leading to reports of significant improvement in maximizing the rates of gross-total resection. Multiple additional optical technologies have been implemented clinically, including diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and imaging, optical coherence tomography, Raman spectroscopy and imaging, and advanced quantitative methods, including quantitative fluorescence and lifetime imaging. Here we present a clinically relevant and technologically informed overview and discussion of some of the major clinical implementations of optical technologies as intraoperative guidance tools in neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Valdés
- Departments of 1 Neurosurgery and.,Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston
| | - David W Roberts
- Section of Neurosurgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | | | - Alexandra Golby
- Departments of 1 Neurosurgery and.,Radiology, and.,Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital
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Markwardt NA, Haj-Hosseini N, Hollnburger B, Stepp H, Zelenkov P, Rühm A. 405 nm versus 633 nm for protoporphyrin IX excitation in fluorescence-guided stereotactic biopsy of brain tumors. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2016; 9:901-12. [PMID: 26564058 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence diagnosis may be used to improve the safety and reliability of stereotactic brain tumor biopsies using biopsy needles with integrated fiber optics. Based on 5-aminolevulinic-acid-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence, vital tumor tissue can be localized in vivo during the excision procedure to reduce the number of necessary samples for a reliable diagnosis. In this study, the practical suitability of two different PpIX excitation wavelengths (405 nm, 633 nm) was investigated on optical phantoms. Violet excitation at 405 nm provides a 50-fold higher sensitivity for the bulk tumor; this factor increases up to 100 with decreasing fluorescent volume as shown by ray tracing simulations. Red excitation at 633 nm, however, is noticeably superior with regard to blood layers obscuring the fluorescence. Experimental results on the signal attenuation through blood layers of well-defined thicknesses could be confirmed by ray tracing simulations. Typical interstitial fiber probe measurements were mimicked on agarose-gel phantoms. Even in direct contact, blood layers of 20-40 µm between probe and tissue must be expected, obscuring 405-nm-excited PpIX fluorescence almost completely, but reducing the 633-nm-excited signal only by 25.5%. Thus, 633 nm seems to be the wavelength of choice for PpIX-assisted detection of high-grade gliomas in stereotactic biopsy. PpIX signal attenuation through clinically relevant blood layers for 405 nm (violet) and 633 nm (red) excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas A Markwardt
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE-Zentrum, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Neda Haj-Hosseini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bastian Hollnburger
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE-Zentrum, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert Stepp
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE-Zentrum, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Adrian Rühm
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE-Zentrum, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
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46
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Deng Z, Wang J, Ye Q, Sun T, Zhou W, Mei J, Zhang C, Tian J. Determination of continuous complex refractive index dispersion of biotissue based on internal reflection. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:15003. [PMID: 26757024 PMCID: PMC4707208 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.1.015003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The complex refractive index dispersion (CRID), which contains the information on the refractive index dispersion and extinction coefficient spectra, is an important optical parameter of biotissue. However, it is hard to perform the CRID measurement on biotissues due to their high scattering property. Continuous CRID measurement based on internal reflection (CCRIDM-IR) is introduced. By using a lab-made apparatus, internal reflectance spectra of biotissue samples at multiple incident angles were detected, from which the continuous CRIDs were calculated based on the Fresnel formula. Results showed that in 400- to 750-nm range, hemoglobin solution has complicated dispersion and extinction coefficient spectra, while other biotissues have normal dispersion properties, and their extinction coefficients do not vary much with different wavelengths. The normal dispersion can be accurately described by several coefficients of dispersion equations (Cauchy equation, Cornu equation, and Conrady equation). To our knowledge, this is the first time that the continuous CRID of scattering biotissue over a continuous spectral region is measured, and we hereby have proven that CCRIDM-IR is a good method for continuous CRID research of biotissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Deng
- Nankai University, Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, TEDA Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Nankai University, Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, TEDA Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Nankai University, Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, TEDA Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Tianjin 300071, China
- Address all correspondence to: Qing Ye, E-mail: ; Jianguo Tian, E-mail:
| | - Tengqian Sun
- Nankai University, Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, TEDA Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhou
- Nankai University, Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, TEDA Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jianchun Mei
- Nankai University, Advanced Technology Institute, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Nankai University, Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, TEDA Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jianguo Tian
- Nankai University, Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, TEDA Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Tianjin 300071, China
- Address all correspondence to: Qing Ye, E-mail: ; Jianguo Tian, E-mail:
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Liu Y, Jacques SL, Azimipour M, Rogers JD, Pashaie R, Eliceiri KW. OptogenSIM: a 3D Monte Carlo simulation platform for light delivery design in optogenetics. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:4859-70. [PMID: 26713200 PMCID: PMC4679260 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.004859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing light delivery for optogenetics is critical in order to accurately stimulate the neurons of interest while reducing nonspecific effects such as tissue heating or photodamage. Light distribution is typically predicted using the assumption of tissue homogeneity, which oversimplifies light transport in heterogeneous brain. Here, we present an open-source 3D simulation platform, OptogenSIM, which eliminates this assumption. This platform integrates a voxel-based 3D Monte Carlo model, generic optical property models of brain tissues, and a well-defined 3D mouse brain tissue atlas. The application of this platform in brain data models demonstrates that brain heterogeneity has moderate to significant impact depending on application conditions. Estimated light density contours can show the region of any specified power density in the 3D brain space and thus can help optimize the light delivery settings, such as the optical fiber position, fiber diameter, fiber numerical aperture, light wavelength and power. OptogenSIM is freely available and can be easily adapted to incorporate additional brain atlases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Liu
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin at Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706,
USA
| | - Steven L. Jacques
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239,
USA
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239,
USA
| | - Mehdi Azimipour
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 N Cramer St., Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211,
USA
| | - Jeremy D. Rogers
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin at Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706,
USA
| | - Ramin Pashaie
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 N Cramer St., Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211,
USA
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin at Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706,
USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, WI 53715,
USA
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Diep P, Pannem S, Sweer J, Lo J, Snyder M, Stueber G, Zhao Y, Tabassum S, Istfan R, Wu J, Erramilli S, Roblyer D. Three-dimensional printed optical phantoms with customized absorption and scattering properties. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:4212-20. [PMID: 26600987 PMCID: PMC4646531 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.004212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing offers the promise of fabricating optical phantoms with arbitrary geometry, but commercially available thermoplastics provide only a small range of physiologically relevant absorption (µa) and reduced scattering (µs`) values. Here we demonstrate customizable acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filaments for dual extrusion 3D printing of tissue mimicking optical phantoms. µa and µs` values were adjusted by incorporating nigrosin and titanium dioxide (TiO2) in the filament extrusion process. A wide range of physiologically relevant optical properties was demonstrated with an average repeatability within 11.5% for µa and 7.71% for µs`. Additionally, a mouse-simulating phantom, which mimicked both the geometry and optical properties of a hairless mouse with an implanted xenograft tumor, was printed using dual extrusion methods. 3D printed tumor optical properties matched the live tumor with less than 3% error at a wavelength of 659 nm. 3D printing with user defined optical properties may provide a viable method for durable optically diffusive phantoms for instrument characterization and calibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Diep
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sanjana Pannem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jordan Sweer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Justine Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gabriella Stueber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yanyu Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Syeda Tabassum
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Raeef Istfan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Junjie Wu
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shyamsunder Erramilli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Darren Roblyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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49
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He JW, Liu H, Peng YB. Hemodynamic and Light-Scattering Changes of Rat Spinal Cord and Primary Somatosensory Cortex in Response to Innocuous and Noxious Stimuli. Brain Sci 2015; 5:400-18. [PMID: 26426059 PMCID: PMC4701020 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci5040400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging technologies with an exceptional spatial resolution and noninvasiveness have become a powerful tool for assessing neural activity in both animals and humans. However, the effectiveness of neuroimaging for pain remains unclear partly because the neurovascular coupling during pain processing is not completely characterized. Our current work aims to unravel patterns of neurovascular parameters in pain processing. A novel fiber-optic method was used to acquire absolute values of regional oxy- (HbO) and deoxy-hemoglobin concentrations, oxygen saturation rates (SO₂), and the light-scattering coefficients from the spinal cord and primary somatosensory cortex (SI) in 10 rats. Brief mechanical and electrical stimuli (ranging from innocuous to noxious intensities) as well as a long-lasting noxious stimulus (formalin injection) were applied to the hindlimb under pentobarbital anesthesia. Interhemispheric comparisons in the spinal cord and SI were used to confirm functional activation during sensory processing. We found that all neurovascular parameters showed stimulation-induced changes; however, patterns of changes varied with regions and stimuli. Particularly, transient increases in HbO and SO₂ were more reliably attributed to brief stimuli, whereas a sustained decrease in SO₂ was more reliably attributed to formalin. Only the ipsilateral SI showed delayed responses to brief stimuli. In conclusion, innocuous and noxious stimuli induced significant neurovascular responses at critical centers (e.g., the spinal cord and SI) along the somatosensory pathway; however, there was no single response pattern (as measured by amplitude, duration, lateralization, decrease or increase) that was able to consistently differentiate noxious stimuli. Our results strongly suggested that the neurovascular response patterns differ between brief and long-lasting noxious stimuli, and can also differ between the spinal cord and SI. Therefore, a use of multiple-parameter strategy tailored by stimulus modality (brief or long-lasting) as well as region-dependent characteristics may be more effective in detecting pain using neuroimaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Wei He
- Departments of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Hanli Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
| | - Yuan Bo Peng
- Departments of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
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50
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Kast R, Auner G, Yurgelevic S, Broadbent B, Raghunathan A, Poisson LM, Mikkelsen T, Rosenblum ML, Kalkanis SN. Identification of regions of normal grey matter and white matter from pathologic glioblastoma and necrosis in frozen sections using Raman imaging. J Neurooncol 2015; 125:287-95. [PMID: 26359131 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1929-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In neurosurgical applications, a tool capable of distinguishing grey matter, white matter, and areas of tumor and/or necrosis in near-real time could greatly aid in tumor resection decision making. Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive spectroscopic technique which provides molecular information about the tissue under examination based on the vibrational properties of the constituent molecules. With careful measurement and data processing, a spatial step and repeat acquisition of Raman spectra can be used to create Raman images. Forty frozen brain tissue sections were imaged in their entirety using a 300-µm-square measurement grid, and two or more regions of interest within each tissue were also imaged using a 25 µm-square step size. Molecular correlates for histologic features of interest were identified within the Raman spectra, and novel imaging algorithms were developed to compare molecular features across multiple tissues. In previous work, the relative concentration of individual biomolecules was imaged. Here, the relative concentrations of 1004, 1300:1344, and 1660 cm(-1), which correspond primarily to protein and lipid content, were simultaneously imaged across all tissues. This provided simple interpretation of boundaries between grey matter, white matter, and diseased tissue, and corresponded with findings from adjacent hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. This novel, yet simple, multi-channel imaging technique allows clinically-relevant resolution with straightforward molecular interpretation of Raman images not possible by imaging any single peak. This method can be applied to either surgical or laboratory tools for rapid, non-destructive imaging of grey and white matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kast
- Department of Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Smart Sensors and Integrated Microsystems, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Gregory Auner
- Department of Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Smart Sensors and Integrated Microsystems, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Sally Yurgelevic
- Department of Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Smart Sensors and Integrated Microsystems, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Brandy Broadbent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Smart Sensors and Integrated Microsystems, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Aditya Raghunathan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Josephine Ford Cancer Center, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Laila M Poisson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Josephine Ford Cancer Center, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Tom Mikkelsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Josephine Ford Cancer Center, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Mark L Rosenblum
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Josephine Ford Cancer Center, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Steven N Kalkanis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA. .,Josephine Ford Cancer Center, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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