1
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Yamamoto D, Morita K. Engineering of a Low-Entropy Quantum Simulator for Strongly Correlated Electrons Using Cold Atoms with SU(N)-Symmetric Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:213401. [PMID: 38856247 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.213401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
An advanced cooling scheme, incorporating entropy engineering, is vital for isolated artificial quantum systems designed to emulate the low-temperature physics of strongly correlated electron systems. This study theoretically demonstrates a cooling method employing multicomponent Fermi gases with SU(N)-symmetric interactions, focusing on the case of ^{173}Yb atoms in a two-dimensional optical lattice. Adiabatically introducing a nonuniform state-selective laser gives rise to two distinct subsystems: a central low-entropy region, exclusively composed of two specific spin components, acts as a quantum simulator for strongly correlated electron systems, while the surrounding N-component mixture retains a significant portion of the entropy of the system. The total particle numbers for each component are good quantum numbers, creating a sharp boundary for the two-component region. The cooling efficiency is assessed through extensive finite-temperature Lanczos calculations. The results lay the foundation for quantum simulations of two-dimensional systems of Hubbard or Heisenberg type, offering crucial insights into intriguing low-temperature phenomena in condensed-matter physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Physics, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Sakurajosui, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Morita
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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2
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Lagoin C, Baldwin K, Pfeiffer L, Dubin F. Superlattice Quantum Solid of Dipolar Excitons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:176001. [PMID: 38728707 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.176001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
We study dipolar excitons confined at 330 mK in a square electrostatic lattice of a GaAs double quantum well. In the dipolar occupation blockade regime, at 3/2 filling, we evidence that excitons form a face-centered superlattice quantum solid. This phase is realized with high purity across 36 lattice sites, in a regime where the mean interaction energy exceeds the depth of the electrostatic lattice confinement. The superlattice solid then closely relates to Wigner crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lagoin
- CRHEA, CNRS and Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
- Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, CNRS and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Kirk Baldwin
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Loren Pfeiffer
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - François Dubin
- CRHEA, CNRS and Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
- Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, CNRS and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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3
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Tripathy D, Touil A, Gardas B, Deffner S. Quantum information scrambling in two-dimensional Bose-Hubbard lattices. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2024; 34:043121. [PMID: 38579152 DOI: 10.1063/5.0199335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
It is a well-understood fact that the transport of excitations throughout a lattice is intimately governed by the underlying structures. Hence, it is only natural to recognize that the dispersion of information also has to depend on the lattice geometry. In the present work, we demonstrate that two-dimensional lattices described by the Bose-Hubbard model exhibit information scrambling for systems as little as two hexagons. However, we also find that the out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) shows the exponential decay characteristic for quantum chaos only for a judicious choice of local observables. More generally, the OTOC is better described by Gaussian-exponential convolutions, which alludes to the close similarity of information scrambling and decoherence theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devjyoti Tripathy
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | - Akram Touil
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Bartłomiej Gardas
- Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bałtycka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sebastian Deffner
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
- National Quantum Laboratory, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
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4
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Malomed BA. Discrete and Semi-Discrete Multidimensional Solitons and Vortices: Established Results and Novel Findings. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 26:137. [PMID: 38392392 PMCID: PMC10887582 DOI: 10.3390/e26020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
This article presents a concise survey of basic discrete and semi-discrete nonlinear models, which produce two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) solitons, and a summary of the main theoretical and experimental results obtained for such solitons. The models are based on the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger (DNLS) equations and their generalizations, such as a system of discrete Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equations with the Lee-Huang-Yang corrections, the 2D Salerno model (SM), DNLS equations with long-range dipole-dipole and quadrupole-quadrupole interactions, a system of coupled discrete equations for the second-harmonic generation with the quadratic (χ(2)) nonlinearity, a 2D DNLS equation with a superlattice modulation opening mini-gaps, a discretized NLS equation with rotation, a DNLS coupler and its PT-symmetric version, a system of DNLS equations for the spin-orbit-coupled (SOC) binary Bose-Einstein condensate, and others. The article presents a review of the basic species of multidimensional discrete modes, including fundamental (zero-vorticity) and vortex solitons, their bound states, gap solitons populating mini-gaps, symmetric and asymmetric solitons in the conservative and PT-symmetric couplers, cuspons in the 2D SM, discrete SOC solitons of the semi-vortex and mixed-mode types, 3D discrete skyrmions, and some others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris A Malomed
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 7D, Arica 1000000, Chile
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5
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Su L, Douglas A, Szurek M, Groth R, Ozturk SF, Krahn A, Hébert AH, Phelps GA, Ebadi S, Dickerson S, Ferlaino F, Marković O, Greiner M. Dipolar quantum solids emerging in a Hubbard quantum simulator. Nature 2023; 622:724-729. [PMID: 37880438 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06614-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
In quantum mechanical many-body systems, long-range and anisotropic interactions promote rich spatial structure and can lead to quantum frustration, giving rise to a wealth of complex, strongly correlated quantum phases1. Long-range interactions play an important role in nature; however, quantum simulations of lattice systems have largely not been able to realize such interactions. A wide range of efforts are underway to explore long-range interacting lattice systems using polar molecules2-5, Rydberg atoms2,6-8, optical cavities9-11 or magnetic atoms12-15. Here we realize novel quantum phases in a strongly correlated lattice system with long-range dipolar interactions using ultracold magnetic erbium atoms. As we tune the dipolar interaction to be the dominant energy scale in our system, we observe quantum phase transitions from a superfluid into dipolar quantum solids, which we directly detect using quantum gas microscopy with accordion lattices. Controlling the interaction anisotropy by orienting the dipoles enables us to realize a variety of stripe-ordered states. Furthermore, by transitioning non-adiabatically through the strongly correlated regime, we observe the emergence of a range of metastable stripe-ordered states. This work demonstrates that novel strongly correlated quantum phases can be realized using long-range dipolar interactions in optical lattices, opening the door to quantum simulations of a wide range of lattice models with long-range and anisotropic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Su
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | | | - Michal Szurek
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robin Groth
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S Furkan Ozturk
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Krahn
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anne H Hébert
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Sepehr Ebadi
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Francesca Ferlaino
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ognjen Marković
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Markus Greiner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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6
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Lau HWH, Davidsen J, Simon C. Chimera patterns in conservative Hamiltonian systems and Bose-Einstein condensates of ultracold atoms. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8590. [PMID: 37237118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental realizations of chimera patterns, characterized by coexisting regions of phase coherence and incoherence, have so far been achieved for non-conservative systems with dissipation and exclusively in classical settings. The possibility of observing chimera patterns in quantum systems has rarely been studied and it remains an open question if chimera patterns can exist in closed, or conservative quantum systems. Here, we tackle these challenges by first proposing a conservative Hamiltonian system with nonlocal hopping, where the energy is well-defined and conserved. We show explicitly that such a system can exhibit chimera patterns. Then we propose a physical mechanism for the nonlocal hopping by using an additional mediating channel. This leads us to propose a possible experimentally realizable quantum system based on a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with a spin-dependent optical lattice, where an untrapped component serves as the matter-wave mediating field. In this BEC system, nonlocal spatial hopping over tens of lattice sites can be achieved and simulations suggest that chimera patterns should be observable in certain parameter regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon Wai Hana Lau
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Complexity Science Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Quantum Information Science and Technology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Jörn Davidsen
- Complexity Science Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Christoph Simon
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
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7
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Selim MA, Pyrialakos GG, Wu FO, Musslimani Z, Makris KG, Khajavikhan M, Christodoulides D. Thermalization of the Ablowitz-Ladik lattice in the presence of non-integrable perturbations. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2206-2209. [PMID: 37058678 DOI: 10.1364/ol.489165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the statistical mechanics of the photonic Ablowitz-Ladik lattice, the integrable version of the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation. In this regard, we demonstrate that in the presence of perturbations, the complex response of this system can be accurately captured within the framework of optical thermodynamics. Along these lines, we shed light on the true relevance of chaos in the thermalization of the Ablowitz-Ladik system. Our results indicate that when linear and nonlinear perturbations are incorporated, this weakly nonlinear lattice will thermalize into a proper Rayleigh-Jeans distribution with a well-defined temperature and chemical potential, in spite of the fact that the underlying nonlinearity is non-local and hence does not have a multi-wave mixing representation. This result illustrates that in the supermode basis, a non-local and non-Hermitian nonlinearity can in fact properly thermalize this periodic array in the presence of two quasi-conserved quantities.
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8
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Zeng Y, Xia Z, Dery R, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Shan J, Mak KF. Exciton density waves in Coulomb-coupled dual moiré lattices. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:175-179. [PMID: 36635591 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01454-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Strongly correlated bosons in a lattice are a platform that can realize rich bosonic states of matter and quantum phase transitions1. While strongly correlated bosons in a lattice have been studied in cold-atom experiments2-4, their realization in a solid-state system has remained challenging5. Here we trap interlayer excitons-bosons composed of bound electron-hole pairs, in a lattice provided by an angle-aligned WS2/bilayer WSe2/WS2 multilayer. The heterostructure supports Coulomb-coupled triangular moiré lattices of nearly identical period at the top and bottom interfaces. We observe correlated insulating states when the combined electron filling factor of the two lattices, with arbitrary partitions, equals [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. These states can be interpreted as exciton density waves in a Bose-Fermi mixture of excitons and holes6,7. Because of the strong repulsive interactions between the constituents, the holes form robust generalized Wigner crystals8-11, which restrict the exciton fluid to channels that spontaneously break the translational symmetry of the lattice. Our results demonstrate that Coulomb-coupled moiré lattices are fertile ground for correlated many-boson phenomena12,13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Zeng
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Zhengchao Xia
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Roei Dery
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Jie Shan
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Kin Fai Mak
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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9
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Lagoin C, Suffit S, Baldwin K, Pfeiffer L, Dubin F. Dual-density waves with neutral and charged dipolar excitons of GaAs bilayers. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:170-174. [PMID: 36482205 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Strongly correlated quantum particles in lattice potentials are the building blocks for a wide variety of quantum insulators-for instance, Mott phases and density waves breaking lattice symmetry1-3. Such collective states are accessible to bosonic and fermionic systems2,4-10,11,12. To expand further the spectrum of accessible quantum matter phases, mixing both species is theoretically appealing because density order then competes with phase separation13-16. Here we manipulate such a Bose-Fermi mixture by confining neutral (boson-like) and charged (fermion-like) dipolar excitons in an artificial square lattice of a GaAs bilayer. At unitary lattice filling, strong inter- and intraspecies interactions stabilize insulating phases when the fraction of charged excitons is around (1/3, 1/2, 2/3). We evidence that dual Bose-Fermi density waves are then realized, with species ordered in alternating stripes. Our observations highlight that dipolar excitons allow for controlled implementations of Bose-Fermi Hubbard models extended by off-site interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lagoin
- Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, CNRS and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Stephan Suffit
- Laboratoire de Materiaux et Phenomenes Quantiques, Universite Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Kirk Baldwin
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Loren Pfeiffer
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - François Dubin
- Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, CNRS and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
- Université Côte d'Azur - CNRS, CRHEA, Valbonne, France.
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10
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Bause R, Christianen A, Schindewolf A, Bloch I, Luo XY. Ultracold Sticky Collisions: Theoretical and Experimental Status. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:729-741. [PMID: 36624934 PMCID: PMC9884084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Collisional complexes, which are formed as intermediate states in molecular collisions, are typically short-lived and decay within picoseconds. However, in ultracold collisions involving bialkali molecules, complexes can live for milliseconds, completely changing the collision dynamics. This can lead to unexpected two-body loss in samples of nonreactive molecules. During the past decade, such "sticky" collisions have been a major hindrance in the preparation of dense and stable molecular samples, especially in the quantum-degenerate regime. Currently, the behavior of the complexes is not fully understood. For example, in some cases, their lifetime has been measured to be many orders of magnitude longer than recent models predict. This is not only an intriguing problem in itself but also practically relevant, since understanding molecular complexes may help to mitigate their detrimental effects. Here, we review the recent experimental and theoretical progress in this field. We treat the case of molecule-molecule as well as molecule-atom collisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Bause
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Quantenoptik, 85748Garching, Germany,Munich
Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799München, Germany
| | - Arthur Christianen
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Quantenoptik, 85748Garching, Germany,Munich
Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799München, Germany
| | - Andreas Schindewolf
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Quantenoptik, 85748Garching, Germany,Munich
Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799München, Germany
| | - Immanuel Bloch
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Quantenoptik, 85748Garching, Germany,Munich
Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799München, Germany,Fakultät
für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80799München, Germany
| | - Xin-Yu Luo
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Quantenoptik, 85748Garching, Germany,Munich
Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799München, Germany,E-mail:
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11
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Venu V, Xu P, Mamaev M, Corapi F, Bilitewski T, D'Incao JP, Fujiwara CJ, Rey AM, Thywissen JH. Unitary p-wave interactions between fermions in an optical lattice. Nature 2023; 613:262-267. [PMID: 36631646 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Exchange-antisymmetric pair wavefunctions in fermionic systems can give rise to unconventional superconductors and superfluids1-3. The realization of these states in controllable quantum systems, such as ultracold gases, could enable new types of quantum simulations4-8, topological quantum gates9-11 and exotic few-body states12-15. However, p-wave and other antisymmetric interactions are weak in naturally occurring systems16,17, and their enhancement via Feshbach resonances in ultracold systems has been limited by three-body loss18-24. Here we create isolated pairs of spin-polarized fermionic atoms in a multiorbital three-dimensional optical lattice. We spectroscopically measure elastic p-wave interaction energies of strongly interacting pairs of atoms near a magnetic Feshbach resonance. The interaction strengths are widely tunable by the magnetic field and confinement strength, and yet collapse onto a universal curve when rescaled by the harmonic energy and length scales of a single lattice site. The absence of three-body processes enables the observation of elastic unitary p-wave interactions, as well as coherent oscillations between free-atom and interacting-pair states. All observations are compared both to an exact solution using a p-wave pseudopotential and to numerical solutions using an ab initio interaction potential. The understanding and control of on-site p-wave interactions provides a necessary component for the assembly of multiorbital lattice models25,26 and a starting point for investigations of how to protect such systems from three-body recombination in the presence of tunnelling, for instance using Pauli blocking and lattice engineering27,28.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijin Venu
- Department of Physics and CQIQC, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peihang Xu
- Department of Physics and CQIQC, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mikhail Mamaev
- JILA, NIST and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.,Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Frank Corapi
- Department of Physics and CQIQC, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Bilitewski
- JILA, NIST and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.,Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.,Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Jose P D'Incao
- JILA, NIST and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Cora J Fujiwara
- Department of Physics and CQIQC, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Ana Maria Rey
- JILA, NIST and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA. .,Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Joseph H Thywissen
- Department of Physics and CQIQC, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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12
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Chomaz L, Ferrier-Barbut I, Ferlaino F, Laburthe-Tolra B, Lev BL, Pfau T. Dipolar physics: a review of experiments with magnetic quantum gases. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 86:026401. [PMID: 36583342 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aca814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the achievement of quantum degeneracy in gases of chromium atoms in 2004, the experimental investigation of ultracold gases made of highly magnetic atoms has blossomed. The field has yielded the observation of many unprecedented phenomena, in particular those in which long-range and anisotropic dipole-dipole interactions (DDIs) play a crucial role. In this review, we aim to present the aspects of the magnetic quantum-gas platform that make it unique for exploring ultracold and quantum physics as well as to give a thorough overview of experimental achievements. Highly magnetic atoms distinguish themselves by the fact that their electronic ground-state configuration possesses a large electronic total angular momentum. This results in a large magnetic moment and a rich electronic transition spectrum. Such transitions are useful for cooling, trapping, and manipulating these atoms. The complex atomic structure and large dipolar moments of these atoms also lead to a dense spectrum of resonances in their two-body scattering behaviour. These resonances can be used to control the interatomic interactions and, in particular, the relative importance of contact over dipolar interactions. These features provide exquisite control knobs for exploring the few- and many-body physics of dipolar quantum gases. The study of dipolar effects in magnetic quantum gases has covered various few-body phenomena that are based on elastic and inelastic anisotropic scattering. Various many-body effects have also been demonstrated. These affect both the shape, stability, dynamics, and excitations of fully polarised repulsive Bose or Fermi gases. Beyond the mean-field instability, strong dipolar interactions competing with slightly weaker contact interactions between magnetic bosons yield new quantum-stabilised states, among which are self-bound droplets, droplet assemblies, and supersolids. Dipolar interactions also deeply affect the physics of atomic gases with an internal degree of freedom as these interactions intrinsically couple spin and atomic motion. Finally, long-range dipolar interactions can stabilise strongly correlated excited states of 1D gases and also impact the physics of lattice-confined systems, both at the spin-polarised level (Hubbard models with off-site interactions) and at the spinful level (XYZ models). In the present manuscript, we aim to provide an extensive overview of the various related experimental achievements up to the present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Chomaz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Physikalisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Igor Ferrier-Barbut
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Francesca Ferlaino
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bruno Laburthe-Tolra
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Benjamin L Lev
- Departments of Physics and Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Tilman Pfau
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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13
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Liu JY, Luo GQ, Wang XQ, Hemmerich A, Xu ZF. Experimental realization of a high precision tunable hexagonal optical lattice. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:44375-44384. [PMID: 36522863 DOI: 10.1364/oe.470742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hexagonal optical lattices offer a tunable platform to study exotic orbital physics in solid state materials. Here, we present a versatile high-precision scheme to implement a hexagonal optical lattice potential, which is engineered by overlapping two independent triangular optical sublattices generated by laser beams with slightly different wavelengths around 1064 nm. This enables us to precisely control the detailed structure of the hexagonal lattice by adjusting the relative position and the relative lattice depth of the two triangular optical sublattices. Taking advantage of the sensitive dependence of the second Bloch band on small lattice deformations, we propose a strategy to optimize the optical lattice geometry with an extremely high precision. This method can also be extended to other lattice configurations involving more than two sublattices. Our work provides the experimental requirements in the search for novel orbital physics of ultracold atoms, for example, in the flat p-band of the hexagonal optical lattice.
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14
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Extended Bose–Hubbard model with dipolar excitons. Nature 2022; 609:485-489. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Jung PS, Pyrialakos GG, Wu FO, Parto M, Khajavikhan M, Krolikowski W, Christodoulides DN. Thermal control of the topological edge flow in nonlinear photonic lattices. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4393. [PMID: 35906224 PMCID: PMC9338248 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The chaotic evolution resulting from the interplay between topology and nonlinearity in photonic systems generally forbids the sustainability of optical currents. Here, we systematically explore the nonlinear evolution dynamics in topological photonic lattices within the framework of optical thermodynamics. By considering an archetypical two-dimensional Haldane photonic lattice, we discover several prethermal states beyond the topological phase transition point and a stable global equilibrium response, associated with a specific optical temperature and chemical potential. Along these lines, we provide a consistent thermodynamic methodology for both controlling and maximizing the unidirectional power flow in the topological edge states. This can be achieved by either employing cross-phase interactions between two subsystems or by exploiting self-heating effects in disordered or Floquet topological lattices. Our results indicate that photonic topological systems can in fact support robust photon transport processes even under the extreme complexity introduced by nonlinearity, an important feature for contemporary topological applications in photonics. The nonlinear evolution dynamics in topological photonic lattices is systematically investigated within the framework of optical thermodynamics. This approach allows for the precise prediction of topological currents even under the extreme complexity introduced by nonlinearity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel S Jung
- College of Optics & Photonics-CREOL, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.,Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Georgios G Pyrialakos
- College of Optics & Photonics-CREOL, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Fan O Wu
- College of Optics & Photonics-CREOL, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Midya Parto
- College of Optics & Photonics-CREOL, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Mercedeh Khajavikhan
- College of Optics & Photonics-CREOL, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.,Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wieslaw Krolikowski
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia.,Science Program, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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16
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Mak KF, Shan J. Semiconductor moiré materials. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:686-695. [PMID: 35836003 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Moiré materials have emerged as a platform for exploring the physics of strong electronic correlations and non-trivial band topology. Here we review the recent progress in semiconductor moiré materials, with a particular focus on transition metal dichalcogenides. Following a brief overview of the general features in this class of materials, we discuss recent theoretical and experimental studies on Hubbard physics, Kane-Mele-Hubbard physics and equilibrium moiré excitons. We also comment on the future opportunities and challenges in the studies of transition metal dichalcogenide and other semiconductor moiré materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Fai Mak
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Jie Shan
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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17
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Stepanenko AA, Lyubarov MD, Gorlach MA. Higher-Order Topological Phase of Interacting Photon Pairs. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:213903. [PMID: 35687448 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.213903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Topological phases open a door to such intriguing phenomena as unidirectional propagation and disorder-resilient localization at a stable frequency. Recently discovered higher-order topological phases further extend the concept of topological protection enabling versatile control over localization in multiple dimensions. Motivated by the recent advances in quantum technologies such as large coherently operating qubit ensembles, we predict and investigate the higher-order topological phase of photon pairs emerging due to effective photon-photon interaction and described by the extended version of Bose-Hubbard model. Being feasible for state-of-the-art experimental capabilities, the designed model provides an interesting example of interaction-induced topological transitions in the few-particle two-dimensional system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei A Stepanenko
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Mark D Lyubarov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Maxim A Gorlach
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
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18
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Karpov P, Piazza F. Light-Induced Quantum Droplet Phases of Lattice Bosons in Multimode Cavities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:103201. [PMID: 35333068 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.103201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multimode optical cavities can be used to implement interatomic interactions which are highly tunable in strength and range. For bosonic atoms trapped in an optical lattice we show that, for any finite range of the cavity-mediated interaction, quantum self-bound droplets dominate the ground state phase diagram. Their size and in turn density is not externally fixed but rather emerges from the competition between local repulsion and finite-range cavity-mediated attraction. We identify two different regimes of the phase diagram. In the strongly glued regime, the interaction range exceeds the droplet size and the physics resembles the one of the standard Bose-Hubbard model in a (self-consistent) external potential, where in the phase diagram two incompressible droplet phases with different filling are separated by one with a superfluid core. In the opposite weakly glued regime, we find instead direct first order transitions between the two incompressible phases, as well as pronounced metastability. The cavity field leaking out of the mirrors can be measured to distinguish between the various types of droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Karpov
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, Dresden 01187, Germany
- Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Theresienstr. 37, Munich 80333, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, Munich 80799, Germany
- National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - F Piazza
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, Dresden 01187, Germany
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19
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Chanda T, Lewenstein M, Zakrzewski J, Tagliacozzo L. Phase Diagram of 1+1D Abelian-Higgs Model and Its Critical Point. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:090601. [PMID: 35302796 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.090601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We determine the phase diagram of the Abelian-Higgs model in one spatial dimension and time (1+1D) on a lattice. We identify a line of first order phase transitions separating the Higgs region from the confined one. This line terminates in a quantum critical point above which the two regions are connected by a smooth crossover. We analyze the critical point and find compelling evidence for its description as the product of two noninteracting systems: a massless free fermion and a massless free boson. However, we find also some surprising results that cannot be explained by our simple picture, suggesting this newly discovered critical point is an unusual one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titas Chanda
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
- Instytut Fizyki Teoretycznej, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Lewenstein
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenue Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jakub Zakrzewski
- Instytut Fizyki Teoretycznej, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Mark Kac Complex Systems Research Center, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Luca Tagliacozzo
- Instituto de Física Fundamental IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, Madrid 28006, Spain
- Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica and Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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20
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Dawid A, Huembeli P, Tomza M, Lewenstein M, Dauphin A. Hessian-based toolbox for reliable and interpretable machine learning in physics. MACHINE LEARNING: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-2153/ac338d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) techniques applied to quantum many-body physics have emerged as a new research field. While the numerical power of this approach is undeniable, the most expressive ML algorithms, such as neural networks, are black boxes: The user does neither know the logic behind the model predictions nor the uncertainty of the model predictions. In this work, we present a toolbox for interpretability and reliability, agnostic of the model architecture. In particular, it provides a notion of the influence of the input data on the prediction at a given test point, an estimation of the uncertainty of the model predictions, and an extrapolation score for the model predictions. Such a toolbox only requires a single computation of the Hessian of the training loss function. Our work opens the road to the systematic use of interpretability and reliability methods in ML applied to physics and, more generally, science.
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21
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Aidelsburger M, Barbiero L, Bermudez A, Chanda T, Dauphin A, González-Cuadra D, Grzybowski PR, Hands S, Jendrzejewski F, Jünemann J, Juzeliūnas G, Kasper V, Piga A, Ran SJ, Rizzi M, Sierra G, Tagliacozzo L, Tirrito E, Zache TV, Zakrzewski J, Zohar E, Lewenstein M. Cold atoms meet lattice gauge theory. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2022; 380:20210064. [PMID: 34923836 PMCID: PMC8685612 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The central idea of this review is to consider quantum field theory models relevant for particle physics and replace the fermionic matter in these models by a bosonic one. This is mostly motivated by the fact that bosons are more 'accessible' and easier to manipulate for experimentalists, but this 'substitution' also leads to new physics and novel phenomena. It allows us to gain new information about among other things confinement and the dynamics of the deconfinement transition. We will thus consider bosons in dynamical lattices corresponding to the bosonic Schwinger or [Formula: see text] Bose-Hubbard models. Another central idea of this review concerns atomic simulators of paradigmatic models of particle physics theory such as the Creutz-Hubbard ladder, or Gross-Neveu-Wilson and Wilson-Hubbard models. This article is not a general review of the rapidly growing field-it reviews activities related to quantum simulations for lattice field theories performed by the Quantum Optics Theory group at ICFO and their collaborators from 19 institutions all over the world. Finally, we will briefly describe our efforts to design experimentally friendly simulators of these and other models relevant for particle physics. This article is part of the theme issue 'Quantum technologies in particle physics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Aidelsburger
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 80799, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), München 80799, Germany
| | - Luca Barbiero
- ICFO—Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona 08860, Spain
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Alejandro Bermudez
- Departamento de Física Teorica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Titas Chanda
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Kraków 30-348, Poland
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alexandre Dauphin
- ICFO—Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona 08860, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Cuadra
- ICFO—Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona 08860, Spain
| | - Przemysław R. Grzybowski
- Institute of Spintronics and Quantum Information, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Simon Hands
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA28PP, UK
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Fred Jendrzejewski
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Johannes Jünemann
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Gediminas Juzeliūnas
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Vilnius University, Vilnius 10257, Lithuania
| | - Valentin Kasper
- ICFO—Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona 08860, Spain
| | - Angelo Piga
- ICFO—Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona 08860, Spain
- Departament of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Shi-Ju Ran
- Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Matteo Rizzi
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Quantum Control, Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-8), Jülich 52425, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, Köln 50937, Germany
| | - Germán Sierra
- Instituto de Física Teórica, UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autònoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luca Tagliacozzo
- Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica and Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain
| | - Emanuele Tirrito
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste 34136, Italy
| | - Torsten V. Zache
- Center for Quantum Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Jakub Zakrzewski
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Kraków 30-348, Poland
| | - Erez Zohar
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Maciej Lewenstein
- ICFO—Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona 08860, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
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22
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Exact Solutions for Solitary Waves in a Bose-Einstein Condensate under the Action of a Four-Color Optical Lattice. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We address dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) loaded into a one-dimensional four-color optical lattice (FOL) potential with commensurate wavelengths and tunable intensities. This configuration lends system-specific symmetry properties. The analysis identifies specific multi-parameter forms of the FOL potential which admits exact solitary-wave solutions. This newly found class of potentials includes more particular species, such as frustrated double-well superlattices, and bichromatic and three-color lattices, which are subject to respective symmetry constraints. Our exact solutions provide options for controllable positioning of density maxima of the localized patterns, and tunable Anderson-like localization in the frustrated potential. A numerical analysis is performed to establish dynamical stability and structural stability of the obtained solutions, which makes them relevant for experimental realization. The newly found solutions offer applications to the design of schemes for quantum simulations and processing quantum information.
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23
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Tada Y. Lieb-Schultz-Mattis Theorem in Higher Dimensions from Approximate Magnetic Translation Symmetry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:237204. [PMID: 34936807 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.237204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We prove the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem on the energy spectrum of a general two- or three-dimensional quantum many-body system with the U(1) particle number conservation and translation symmetry. Especially, it is demonstrated that the theorem holds in a system with long-range interactions. To this end, we introduce approximate magnetic translation symmetry under the total magnetic flux Φ=2π instead of the exact translation symmetry, and explicitly construct low energy variational states. The energy spectrum at Φ=2π is shown to agree with that at Φ=0 in the thermodynamic limit, which concludes the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Tada
- Quantum Matter Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan and Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
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24
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Mamaev M, He P, Bilitewski T, Venu V, Thywissen JH, Rey AM. Collective P-Wave Orbital Dynamics of Ultracold Fermions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:143401. [PMID: 34652195 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.143401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We consider the nonequilibrium orbital dynamics of spin-polarized ultracold fermions in the first excited band of an optical lattice. A specific lattice depth and filling configuration is designed to allow the p_{x} and p_{y} excited orbital degrees of freedom to act as a pseudospin. Starting from the full Hamiltonian for p-wave interactions in a periodic potential, we derive an extended Hubbard-type model that describes the anisotropic lattice dynamics of the excited orbitals at low energy. We then show how dispersion engineering can provide a viable route to realizing collective behavior driven by p-wave interactions. In particular, Bragg dressing and lattice depth can reduce single-particle dispersion rates, such that a collective many-body gap is opened with only moderate Feshbach enhancement of p-wave interactions. Physical insight into the emergent gap-protected collective dynamics is gained by projecting the Hamiltonian into the Dicke manifold, yielding a one-axis twisting model for the orbital pseudospin that can be probed using conventional Ramsey-style interferometry. Experimentally realistic protocols to prepare and measure the many-body dynamics are discussed, including the effects of band relaxation, particle loss, spin-orbit coupling, and doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Mamaev
- JILA, NIST, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Peiru He
- JILA, NIST, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Thomas Bilitewski
- JILA, NIST, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Vijin Venu
- Department of Physics and CQIQC, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Joseph H Thywissen
- Department of Physics and CQIQC, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Ana Maria Rey
- JILA, NIST, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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25
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Biasi A, Evnin O, Malomed BA. Fermi-Pasta-Ulam phenomena and persistent breathers in the harmonic trap. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:034210. [PMID: 34654088 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.034210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We consider the long-term weakly nonlinear evolution governed by the two-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation with an isotropic harmonic oscillator potential. The dynamics in this regime is dominated by resonant interactions between quartets of linear normal modes, accurately captured by the corresponding resonant approximation. Within this approximation, we identify Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-like recurrence phenomena, whereby the normal-mode spectrum passes in close proximity of the initial configuration, and two-mode states with time-independent mode amplitude spectra that translate into long-lived breathers of the original NLS equation. We comment on possible implications of these findings for nonlinear optics and matter-wave dynamics in Bose-Einstein condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anxo Biasi
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-348, Poland
| | - Oleg Evnin
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Theoretische Natuurkunde, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and International Solvay Institutes, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Boris A Malomed
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 7D, Arica, Chile
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26
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Kapcia KJ, Lemański R, Zygmunt MJ. Extended Falicov-Kimball model: Hartree-Fock vs DMFT approach. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:065602. [PMID: 32717728 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aba981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we study the extended Falicov-Kimball model at half-filling within the Hartree-Fock approach (HFA) (for various crystal lattices) and compare the results obtained with the rigorous ones derived within the dynamical mean field theory (DMFT). The model describes a system, where electrons with spin-↓ are itinerant (with hopping amplitude t), whereas those with spin-↑ are localized. The particles interact via on-site U and intersite V density-density Coulomb interactions. We show that the HFA description of the ground state properties of the model is equivalent to the exact DMFT solution and provides a qualitatively correct picture also for a range of small temperatures. It does capture the discontinuous transition between ordered phases at U = 2V for small temperatures as well as correct features of the continuous order-disorder transition. However, the HFA predicts that the discontinuous boundary ends at the isolated-critical point (of the liquid-gas type) and it does not merge with the continuous boundary. This approach cannot also describe properly a change of order of the continuous transition for large V as well as various metal-insulator transitions found within the DMFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Jerzy Kapcia
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ulica W. E. Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Romuald Lemański
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ulica Okólna 2, PL-50422 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Jakub Zygmunt
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Silesia, ulica Bankowa 14, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland
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27
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Lin Z, Liu C, Chen Y. Novel Quantum Phases of Two-Component Bosons with Pair Hopping in Synthetic Dimension. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:245301. [PMID: 33412032 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.245301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study two-component (or pseudospin-1/2) bosons with pair hopping interactions in synthetic dimension, for which a feasible experimental scheme on a square optical lattice is also presented. Previous studies have shown that two-component bosons with on-site interspecies interaction can only generate nontrivial interspecies paired superfluid (super-counter-fluidity or pair-superfluid) states. In contrast, apart from interspecies paired superfluid, we reveal two new phases by considering this additional pair hopping interaction. These novel phases are intraspecies paired superfluid (molecular superfluid) and an exotic noninteger Mott insulator which shows a noninteger atom number at each site for each species, but an integer for total atom number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Lin
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Chenrong Liu
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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28
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Wang Y, Ding JW, Wang DL, Liu WM. Intrinsical localization of both topological (anti-kink) envelope and gray (black) gap solitons of the condensed bosons in deep optical lattices. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2020; 30:123133. [PMID: 33380039 DOI: 10.1063/5.0025441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
By developing quasi-discrete multiple-scale method combined with tight-binding approximation, a novel quadratic Riccati differential equation is first derived for the soliton dynamics of the condensed bosons trapped in the optical lattices. For a lack of exact solutions, the trial solutions of the Riccati equation have been analytically explored for the condensed bosons with various scattering length as. When the lattice depth is rather shallow, the results of sub-fundamental gap solitons are in qualitative agreement with the experimental observation. For the deeper lattice potentials, we predict that in the case of as>0, some novel intrinsically localized modes of symmetrical envelope, topological (kink) envelope, and anti-kink envelope solitons can be observed within the bandgap in the system, of which the amplitude increases with the increasing lattice spacing and (or) depth. In the case of as<0, the bandgap brings out intrinsically localized gray or black soliton. This well provides experimental protocols to realize transformation between the gray and black solitons by reducing light intensity of the laser beams forming optical lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Physics and Institute for Nanophysics and Rare-earth Luminescence, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
| | - J W Ding
- Department of Physics and Institute for Nanophysics and Rare-earth Luminescence, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
| | - D L Wang
- Department of Physics and Institute for Nanophysics and Rare-earth Luminescence, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
| | - W M Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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29
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Tu WL, Wu HK, Suzuki T. Frustration-induced supersolid phases of extended Bose-Hubbard model in the hard-core limit. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:455401. [PMID: 32634790 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aba383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigate exotic supersolid phases in the extended Bose-Hubbard model with infinite projected entangled-pair state, numerical exact diagonalization, and mean-field theory. We demonstrate that many different supersolid phases can be generated by changing signs of hopping terms, and the interactions along with the frustration of hopping terms are important to stabilize those supersolid states. We argue the effect of frustration introduced by the competition of hopping terms in the supersolid phases from the mean-field point of view. This helps to give a clearer picture of the background mechanism for underlying superfluid/supersolid states to be formed. With this knowledge, we predict and realize thed-wave superfluid, which shares the same pairing symmetry with high-Tcmaterials, and its extended phases. We believe that our results contribute to preliminary understanding for desired target phases in the real-world experimental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Tu
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Huan-Kuang Wu
- Department of Physics, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - Takafumi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Hyogo, Himeji 670-2280, Japan
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30
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Extended Bose-Hubbard Model with Cavity-Mediated Infinite-Range Interactions at Finite Temperatures. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9076. [PMID: 32494030 PMCID: PMC7270117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We consider the finite-temperature properties of the extended Bose-Hubbard model realized recently in an ETH experiment [Nature 532, 476 (2016)]. Competing short- and global-range interactions accommodate fascinating collective phenomena. We formulate a self-consistent mean-field theory to describe the behaviors of the system at finite temperatures. At a fixed chemical potential, we map out the distributions of the superfluid order parameters and number densities with respect to the temperatures. For a charge density wave, we find that the global-range interaction enhances the charge order by increasing the transition temperature at which the charge order melts out, while for a supersolid phase, we find that the disappearance of the charge order and the superfluid order occurs at different temperature. At a fixed number-density filling factor, we extract the temperature dependence of the thermodynamic functions such as internal energy, specific heat and entropy. Across the superfluid phase transition, the specific heat has a discontinuous jump.
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31
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Olekhno NA, Kretov EI, Stepanenko AA, Ivanova PA, Yaroshenko VV, Puhtina EM, Filonov DS, Cappello B, Matekovits L, Gorlach MA. Topological edge states of interacting photon pairs emulated in a topolectrical circuit. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1436. [PMID: 32188844 PMCID: PMC7080762 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14994-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Topological physics opens up a plethora of exciting phenomena allowing to engineer disorder-robust unidirectional flows of light. Recent advances in topological protection of electromagnetic waves suggest that even richer functionalities can be achieved by realizing topological states of quantum light. This area, however, remains largely uncharted due to the number of experimental challenges. Here, we take an alternative route and design a classical structure based on topolectrical circuits which serves as a simulator of a quantum-optical one-dimensional system featuring the topological state of two photons induced by the effective photon-photon interaction. Employing the correspondence between the eigenstates of the original problem and circuit modes, we use the designed simulator to extract the frequencies of bulk and edge two-photon bound states and evaluate the topological invariant directly from the measurements. Furthermore, we perform a reconstruction of the two-photon probability distribution for the topological state associated with one of the circuit eigenmodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita A Olekhno
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Egor I Kretov
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Andrei A Stepanenko
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Polina A Ivanova
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Vitaly V Yaroshenko
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Ekaterina M Puhtina
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Filonov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia
| | - Barbara Cappello
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Ladislau Matekovits
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Maxim A Gorlach
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia.
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32
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Lin J, Nan J, Luo Y, Yao XC, Li X. Quantum Adiabatic Doping with Incommensurate Optical Lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:233603. [PMID: 31868469 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.233603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantum simulations of Fermi-Hubbard models have been attracting considerable effort in the optical lattice research, with the ultracold antiferromagnetic atomic phase reached at half filling in recent years. An unresolved issue is to dope the system while maintaining the low thermal entropy. Here we propose to achieve the low temperature phase of the doped Fermi-Hubbard model using incommensurate optical lattices through adiabatic quantum evolution. In this theoretical proposal, we find that one major problem about the adiabatic doping is atomic localization in the incommensurate lattice, potentially causing an exponential slowing down of the adiabatic procedure. We study both one- and two-dimensional incommensurate optical lattices, and find that the localization prevents efficient adiabatic doping in the strong lattice regime for both cases. With density matrix renormalization group calculation, we further show that the slowing down problem in one dimension can be circumvented by considering interaction induced many-body delocalization, which is experimentally feasible using Feshbach resonance techniques. This protocol is expected to be efficient as well in two dimensions where the localization phenomenon is less stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Institute of Nanoelectronics and Quantum Computing, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jue Nan
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yuchen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Institute of Nanoelectronics and Quantum Computing, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xing-Can Yao
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Institute of Nanoelectronics and Quantum Computing, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
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33
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Subhankar S, Bienias P, Titum P, Tsui TC, Wang Y, Gorshkov AV, Rolston SL, Porto JV. Floquet engineering of optical lattices with spatial features and periodicity below the diffraction limit. NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 2019; 21:10.1088/1367-2630/ab500f. [PMID: 38903249 PMCID: PMC11187970 DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/ab500f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Floquet engineering or coherent time periodic driving of quantum systems has been successfully used to synthesize Hamiltonians with novel properties. In ultracold atomic systems, this has led to experimental realizations of artificial gauge fields, topological band structures, and observation of dynamical localization, to name just a few. Here we present a Floquet-based framework to stroboscopically engineer Hamiltonians with spatial features and periodicity below the diffraction limit of light used to create them, by time-averaging over various configurations of a 1D optical Kronig-Penney (KP) lattice. The KP potential is a lattice of narrow subwavelength barriers spaced by half the optical wavelength ( λ / 2 ) and arises from the nonlinear optical response of the atomic dark state. Stroboscopic control over the strength and position of this lattice requires time-dependent adiabatic manipulation of the dark-state spin composition. We investigate adiabaticity requirements, and shape our time-dependent light fields to respect these requirements. We apply this framework to show that a λ / 4 -spaced lattice can be synthesized using realistic experimental parameters. As an example, we discuss mechanisms that limit lifetimes in these lattices, explore candidate systems with their limitations, and study adiabatic loading into the ground band of these lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Subhankar
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - P. Bienias
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - P. Titum
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland 20723, USA
| | - T-C. Tsui
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Y. Wang
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - A. V. Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - S. L. Rolston
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - J. V. Porto
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
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34
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Prośniak OA, Łącki M, Damski B. Critical points of the three-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model from on-site atom number fluctuations. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8687. [PMID: 31213624 PMCID: PMC6582071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44825-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We discuss how positions of critical points of the three-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model can be accurately obtained from variance of the on-site atom number operator, which can be experimentally measured. The idea that we explore is that the derivative of the variance, with respect to the parameter driving the transition, has a pronounced maximum close to critical points. We show that Quantum Monte Carlo studies of this maximum lead to precise determination of critical points for the superfluid-Mott insulator transition in systems with mean number of atoms per lattice site equal to one, two, and three. We also extract from such data the correlation-length critical exponent through the finite-size scaling analysis and discuss how the derivative of the variance can be reliably computed from numerical data for the variance. The same conclusions apply to the derivative of the nearest-neighbor correlation function, which can be obtained from routinely measured time-of-flight images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar A Prośniak
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Łącki
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bogdan Damski
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
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35
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Cichy A, Kapcia KJ, Ptok A. Phase separations induced by a trapping potential in one-dimensional fermionic systems as a source of core-shell structures. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6719. [PMID: 31040295 PMCID: PMC6491563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42044-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultracold fermionic gases in optical lattices give a great opportunity for creating different types of novel states. One of them is phase separation induced by a trapping potential between different types of superfluid phases. The core-shell structures, occurring in systems with a trapping potential, are a good example of such separations. The types and the sequences of phases which emerge in such structures can depend on spin-imbalance, shape of the trap and on-site interaction strength. In this work, we investigate the properties of such structures within an attractive Fermi gas loaded in the optical lattice, in the presence of the trapping potential and their relations to the phase diagram of the homogeneous system. Moreover, we show how external and internal parameters of the system and parameters of the trap influence their properties. In particular, we show a possible occurrence of the core-shell structure in a system with a harmonic trap, containing the BCS and FFLO states. Additionally, we find a spatial separation of two superfuild states in the system, one in the BCS limit as well as the other one in the tightly bound local pairs (BEC) regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Cichy
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 85, PL-61-614, Poznań, Poland. .,Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, D-55099, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Konrad Jerzy Kapcia
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. W. E. Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Ptok
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. W. E. Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342, Kraków, Poland.
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36
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Naldesi P, Gomez JP, Malomed B, Olshanii M, Minguzzi A, Amico L. Rise and Fall of a Bright Soliton in an Optical Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:053001. [PMID: 30822029 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.053001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study an ultracold atomic gas with attractive interactions in a one-dimensional optical lattice. We find that its excitation spectrum displays a quantum soliton band, corresponding to N-particle bound states, and a continuum band of other, mostly extended, states. For a system of a finite size, the two branches are degenerate in energy for weak interactions, while a gap opens above a threshold value of the interaction strength. We find that the interplay between degenerate extended and bound states has important consequences for both static and dynamical properties of the system. In particular, the solitonic states turn out to be protected from spatial perturbations and random disorder. We discuss how such dynamics implies that our system effectively provides an example of a quantum many-body system that, with the variation of the bosonic lattice filling, crosses over from integrable nonergodic to nonintegrable ergodic dynamics, through nonintegrable-nonergodic regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Naldesi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPMMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Boris Malomed
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, P.O.B. 39040, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, P.O.B. 39040, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maxim Olshanii
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA
| | - Anna Minguzzi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPMMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Luigi Amico
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via S. Sofia 64, 95127 Catania, Italy
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- MajuLab, CNRS-UNS-NUS-NTU International Joint Research Unit, UMI 3654, Singapore
- CNR-MATIS-IMM & INFN-Sezione di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95127 Catania, Italy
- LANEF 'Chaire d'excellence', Universitè Grenoble-Alpes & CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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37
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Kang JH, Han JH, Shin Y. Realization of a Cross-Linked Chiral Ladder with Neutral Fermions in a 1D Optical Lattice by Orbital-Momentum Coupling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:150403. [PMID: 30362786 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.150403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the experimental realization of a cross-linked chiral ladder with ultracold fermionic atoms in a 1D optical lattice. In the ladder, the legs are formed by the orbital states of the optical lattice and the complex interleg links are generated by the orbital-changing Raman transitions that are driven by a moving lattice potential superimposed onto the optical lattice. The effective magnetic flux per ladder plaquette is tuned by the spatial periodicity of the moving lattice, and the chiral currents are observed from the asymmetric momentum distributions of the orbitals. The effect of the complex cross-links is demonstrated in quench dynamics by measuring the momentum dependence of the interorbital coupling strength. We discuss the topological phase transition of the chiral ladder system for the variations of the complex cross-links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyoun Kang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea and Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Han
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea and Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Y Shin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea and Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Korea
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38
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Ptok A, Cichy A, Domański T. Quantum engineering of Majorana quasiparticles in one-dimensional optical lattices. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:355602. [PMID: 30051875 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aad659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose a feasible way of engineering Majorana-type quasiparticles in ultracold fermionic gases on a one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice. For this purpose, imbalanced ultracold atoms interacting by the spin-orbit coupling should be hybridized with a three-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate molecular cloud. We show that the Majorana-type excitations can be created or annihilated upon constraining the profile of a trapping potential and/or an internal scattering barier. This process is modeled within the Bogoliubov-de Gennes approach. Our study is relevant also to nanoscopic 1D superconductors, where both potentials can be imposed by electrostatic means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Ptok
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. E. Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland
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39
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Baier S, Petter D, Becher JH, Patscheider A, Natale G, Chomaz L, Mark MJ, Ferlaino F. Realization of a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas of Dipolar Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:093602. [PMID: 30230905 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.093602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We realize a two-component dipolar Fermi gas with tunable interactions, using erbium atoms. Employing a lattice-protection technique, we selectively prepare deeply degenerate mixtures of the two lowest spin states and perform high-resolution Feshbach spectroscopy in an optical dipole trap. We identify a comparatively broad Feshbach resonance and map the interspin scattering length in its vicinity. The Fermi mixture shows a remarkable collisional stability in the strongly interacting regime, providing a first step towards studies of superfluid pairing, crossing from Cooper pairs to bound molecules, in presence of dipole-dipole interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Baier
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Petter
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J H Becher
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Patscheider
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Natale
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - L Chomaz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M J Mark
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - F Ferlaino
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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40
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González-Cuadra D, Grzybowski PR, Dauphin A, Lewenstein M. Strongly Correlated Bosons on a Dynamical Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:090402. [PMID: 30230886 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.090402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We study a one-dimensional system of strongly correlated bosons on a dynamical lattice. To this end, we extend the standard Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian to include extra degrees of freedom on the bonds of the lattice. We show that this minimal model exhibits phenomena reminiscent of fermion-phonon models. In particular, we discover a bosonic analog of the Peierls transition, where the translational symmetry of the underlying lattice is spontaneously broken. This provides a dynamical mechanism to obtain a topological insulator in the presence of interactions, analogous to the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model for electrons. We characterize the phase diagram numerically, showing different types of bond order waves and topological solitons. Finally, we study the possibility of implementing the model using atomic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González-Cuadra
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Przemysław R Grzybowski
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Alexandre Dauphin
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maciej Lewenstein
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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41
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Li Y, Yuan J, Hemmerich A, Li X. Rotation-Symmetry-Enforced Coupling of Spin and Angular Momentum for p-Orbital Bosons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:093401. [PMID: 30230858 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.093401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic spin angular-momentum coupling of an electron has a relativistic quantum origin with the coupling arising from charged orbits, which does not carry over to charge-neutral atoms. Here, we propose a mechanism of spontaneous generation of spin angular-momentum coupling with spinor atomic bosons loaded into p-orbital bands of a two-dimensional optical lattice. This spin angular-momentum coupling originates from many-body correlations and spontaneous symmetry breaking in a superfluid, with the key ingredients attributed to spin-channel quantum fluctuations and an approximate rotation symmetry. The resultant spin angular-momentum intertwined superfluid has Dirac excitations. In the presence of a chemical potential difference for adjacent sites, it provides a bosonic analogue of a symmetry-protected-topological insulator. Through a dynamical mean-field calculation, this novel superfluid is found to be a generic low-temperature phase, and it gives way to Mott localization only at strong interactions and even-integer fillings. We show the temperature to reach this order is accessible with present experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Li
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Andreas Hemmerich
- Institut für Laser-Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Institute of Nanoelectronics and Quantum Computing, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
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42
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Giergiel K, Miroszewski A, Sacha K. Time Crystal Platform: From Quasicrystal Structures in Time to Systems with Exotic Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:140401. [PMID: 29694111 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.140401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Time crystals are quantum many-body systems that, due to interactions between particles, are able to spontaneously self-organize their motion in a periodic way in time by analogy with the formation of crystalline structures in space in condensed matter physics. In solid state physics properties of space crystals are often investigated with the help of external potentials that are spatially periodic and reflect various crystalline structures. A similar approach can be applied for time crystals, as periodically driven systems constitute counterparts of spatially periodic systems, but in the time domain. Here we show that condensed matter problems ranging from single particles in potentials of quasicrystal structure to many-body systems with exotic long-range interactions can be realized in the time domain with an appropriate periodic driving. Moreover, it is possible to create molecules where atoms are bound together due to destructive interference if the atomic scattering length is modulated in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Giergiel
- Instytut Fizyki imienia Mariana Smoluchowskiego, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Profesora Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, PL-30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Artur Miroszewski
- Instytut Fizyki imienia Mariana Smoluchowskiego, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Profesora Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, PL-30-348 Kraków, Poland
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, ul.Hoża 69, PL-00-681 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sacha
- Instytut Fizyki imienia Mariana Smoluchowskiego, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Profesora Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, PL-30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Mark Kac Complex Systems Research Center, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Profesora Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, PL-30-348 Kraków, Poland
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43
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Basak S, Chougale Y, Nath R. Periodically Driven Array of Single Rydberg Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:123204. [PMID: 29694067 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.123204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An array of single Rydberg atoms driven by a temporally modulated atom-field detuning is studied. The periodic modulation effectively modifies the Rabi coupling, leading to unprecedented dynamics in the presence of Rydberg-Rydberg interactions, in particular, blockade enhancement, antiblockades, and state-dependent population trapping. Interestingly, the Schrieffer-Wolf transformation reveals a fundamental process in Rydberg gases, correlated Rabi coupling, which stems from the extended nature of the Rydberg-Rydberg interactions. Also, the correlated coupling provides an alternative depiction for the Rydberg blockade, exhibiting a nontrivial behavior in the presence of periodic modulation. The dynamical localization of a many-body configuration in a driven Rydberg lattice is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagarika Basak
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Yashwant Chougale
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Rejish Nath
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411 008, India
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44
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Bera A, Das T, Sadhukhan D, Singha Roy S, Sen De A, Sen U. Quantum discord and its allies: a review of recent progress. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2018; 81:024001. [PMID: 28824014 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa872f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We review concepts and methods associated with quantum discord and related topics. We also describe their possible connections with other aspects of quantum information and beyond, including quantum communication, quantum computation, many-body physics, and open quantum dynamics. Quantum discord in the multiparty regime and its applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Bera
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Calcutta, 92 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700 009, India. Harish-Chandra Research Institute, HBNI, Chhatnag Road, Jhunsi, Allahabad 211019, India
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45
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Lebedev ME, Dolinina DA, Hong KB, Lu TC, Kavokin AV, Alodjants AP. Exciton-polariton Josephson junctions at finite temperatures. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9515. [PMID: 28842628 PMCID: PMC5572052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09824-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We consider finite temperature effects in a non-standard Bose-Hubbard model for an exciton- polariton Josephson junction (JJ) that is characterised by complicated potential energy landscapes (PEL) consisting of sets of barriers and wells. We show that the transition between thermal activation (classical) and tunneling (quantum) regimes exhibits universal features of the first and second order phase transition (PT) depending on the PEL for two polariton condensates that might be described as transition from the thermal to the quantum annealing regime. In the presence of dissipation the relative phase of two condensates exhibits non-equilibrium PT from the quantum regime characterized by efficient tunneling of polaritons to the regime of permanent Josephson or Rabi oscillations, where the tunneling is suppressed, respectively. This analysis paves the way for the application of coupled polariton condensates for the realisation of a quantum annealing algorithm in presently experimentally accessible semiconductor microcavities possessing high (105 and more) Q-factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Lebedev
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | | | - Kuo-Bin Hong
- Department of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Chang Lu
- Department of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - A V Kavokin
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, Ul'anovskaya, Peterhof, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Istituto CNR-SPIN, Viale del Politecnico 1, I-00133, Rome, Italy
| | - A P Alodjants
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia.
- Vladimir State University named after A. G. and N. G. Stoletovs, Gorkii Street 87, Vladimir, Russia.
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46
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Compagno E, De Chiara G, Angelakis DG, Palma GM. Tunable Polarons in Bose-Einstein Condensates. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2355. [PMID: 28539580 PMCID: PMC5443808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02398-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A toolbox for the quantum simulation of polarons in ultracold atoms is presented. Motivated by the impressive experimental advances in the area of ultracold atomic mixtures, we theoretically study the problem of ultracold atomic impurities immersed in a Bose-Einstein condensate mixture (BEC). The coupling between impurity and BEC gives rise to the formation of polarons whose mutual interaction can be effectively tuned using an external laser driving a quasi-resonant Raman transition between the BEC components. Our scheme allows one to change the effective interactions between polarons in different sites from attractive to zero. This is achieved by simply changing the intensity and the frequency of the two lasers. Such arrangement opens new avenues for the study of strongly correlated condensed matter models in ultracold gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Compagno
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, United Kingdom
| | - G De Chiara
- Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Queen's University, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom.
| | - D G Angelakis
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Crete, 73100, Greece.,Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - G M Palma
- NEST-INFM (CNR) and Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, I-90123, Palermo, Italy
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47
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Martin AM, Marchant NG, O'Dell DHJ, Parker NG. Vortices and vortex lattices in quantum ferrofluids. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:103004. [PMID: 28145899 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa53a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The experimental realization of quantum-degenerate Bose gases made of atoms with sizeable magnetic dipole moments has created a new type of fluid, known as a quantum ferrofluid, which combines the extraordinary properties of superfluidity and ferrofluidity. A hallmark of superfluids is that they are constrained to rotate through vortices with quantized circulation. In quantum ferrofluids the long-range dipolar interactions add new ingredients by inducing magnetostriction and instabilities, and also affect the structural properties of vortices and vortex lattices. Here we give a review of the theory of vortices in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates, exploring the interplay of magnetism with vorticity and contrasting this with the established behaviour in non-dipolar condensates. We cover single vortex solutions, including structure, energy and stability, vortex pairs, including interactions and dynamics, and also vortex lattices. Our discussion is founded on the mean-field theory provided by the dipolar Gross-Pitaevskii equation, ranging from analytic treatments based on the Thomas-Fermi (hydrodynamic) and variational approaches to full numerical simulations. Routes for generating vortices in dipolar condensates are discussed, with particular attention paid to rotating condensates, where surface instabilities drive the nucleation of vortices, and lead to the emergence of rich and varied vortex lattice structures. We also present an outlook, including potential extensions to degenerate Fermi gases, quantum Hall physics, toroidal systems and the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Martin
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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48
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Wysokiński MM, Kaczmarczyk J. Unconventional superconductivity in generalized Hubbard model: role of electron-hole symmetry breaking terms. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:085604. [PMID: 28092633 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa532f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effect of the electron-hole (e-h) symmetry breaking on d-wave superconductivity induced by non-local effects of correlations in the generalized Hubbard model. The symmetry breaking is introduced in a two-fold manner: by the next-to-nearest neighbor hopping of electrons and by the charge-bond interaction-the off-diagonal term of the Coulomb potential. Both terms lead to a pronounced asymmetry of the superconducting order parameter. The next-to-nearest neighbor hopping enhances superconductivity for h-doping, while diminishes it for e-doping. The charge-bond interaction alone leads to the opposite effect and, additionally, to the kinetic-energy gain upon condensation in the underdoped regime. With both terms included, with similar amplitudes, the height of the superconducting dome and the critical doping remain in favor of h-doping. The influence of the charge-bond interaction on deviations from [Formula: see text] symmetry of the shape of the gap at the Fermi surface in the momentum space is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin M Wysokiński
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), via Bonomea 265, IT-34136, Trieste, Italy. Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, ul. Łojasiewicza 11, PL-30-348 Kraków, Poland
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49
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Ptok A, Kapcia KJ, Cichy A, Oleś AM, Piekarz P. Magnetic Lifshitz transition and its consequences in multi-band iron-based superconductors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41979. [PMID: 28165043 PMCID: PMC5292748 DOI: 10.1038/srep41979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we address Lifshitz transition induced by applied external magnetic field in a case of iron-based superconductors, in which a difference between the Fermi level and the edges of the bands is relatively small. We introduce and investigate a two-band model with intra-band pairing in the relevant parameters regime to address a generic behaviour of a system with hole-like and electron-like bands in external magnetic field. Our results show that two Lifshitz transitions can develop in analysed systems and the first one occurs in the superconducting phase and takes place at approximately constant magnetic field. The chosen sets of the model parameters can describe characteristic band structure of iron-based superconductors and thus the obtained results can explain the experimental observations in FeSe and Co-doped BaFe2As2 compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Ptok
- Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Plac M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 1, PL-20031 Lublin, Poland.,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. E. Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Konrad J Kapcia
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cichy
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrzej M Oleś
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, ul. prof. S. Łojasiewicza 11, PL-30348 Kraków, Poland.,Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Przemysław Piekarz
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. E. Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland
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50
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Łącki M, Damski B, Zakrzewski J. Locating the quantum critical point of the Bose-Hubbard model through singularities of simple observables. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38340. [PMID: 27910915 PMCID: PMC5133547 DOI: 10.1038/srep38340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that the critical point of the two-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model can be easily found through studies of either on-site atom number fluctuations or the nearest-neighbor two-point correlation function (the expectation value of the tunnelling operator). Our strategy to locate the critical point is based on the observation that the derivatives of these observables with respect to the parameter that drives the superfluid-Mott insulator transition are singular at the critical point in the thermodynamic limit. Performing the quantum Monte Carlo simulations of the two-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model, we show that this technique leads to the accurate determination of the position of its critical point. Our results can be easily extended to the three-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model and different Hubbard-like models. They provide a simple experimentally-relevant way of locating critical points in various cold atomic lattice systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Łącki
- Instytut Fizyki imienia Mariana Smoluchowskiego, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bogdan Damski
- Instytut Fizyki imienia Mariana Smoluchowskiego, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Zakrzewski
- Instytut Fizyki imienia Mariana Smoluchowskiego, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
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