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Barnoy EA, Popovtzer R, Fixler D. Fluorescence for biological logic gates. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000158. [PMID: 32537894 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Biological logic gates are smart probes able to respond to biological conditions in behaviors similar to computer logic gates, and they pose a promising challenge for modern medicine. Researchers are creating many kinds of smart nanostructures that can respond to various biological parameters such as pH, ion presence, and enzyme activity. Each of these conditions alone might be interesting in a biological sense, but their interactions are what define specific disease conditions. Researchers over the past few decades have developed a plethora of stimuli-responsive nanodevices, from activatable fluorescent probes to DNA origami nanomachines, many explicitly defining logic operations. Whereas many smart configurations have been explored, in this review we focus on logic operations actuated through fluorescent signals. We discuss the applicability of fluorescence as a means of logic gate implementation, and consider the use of both fluorescence intensity as well as fluorescence lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran A Barnoy
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rachela Popovtzer
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dror Fixler
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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2
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Beltran Madrigal J, Tellez-Limon R, Gardillou F, Barbier D, Geng W, Couteau C, Salas-Montiel R, Blaize S. Hybrid integrated optical waveguides in glass for enhanced visible photoluminescence of nanoemitters. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:10263-10268. [PMID: 28059238 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.010263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Integrated optical devices able to control light-matter interactions on the nanoscale have attracted the attention of the scientific community in recent years. However, most of these devices are based on silicon waveguides, limiting their use for telecommunication wavelengths. In this contribution, we propose an integrated device that operates with light in the visible spectrum. The proposed device is a hybrid structure consisting of a high-refractive-index layer placed on top of an ion-exchanged glass waveguide. We demonstrate that this hybrid structure serves as an efficient light coupler for the excitation of nanoemitters. The numerical and experimental results show that the device can enhance the electromagnetic field confinement up to 11 times, allowing a higher photoluminescence signal from nanocrystals placed on its surface. The designed device opens new perspectives in the generation of new optical devices suitable for quantum information or for optical sensing.
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Sevonkaev IV, Herein D, Jeske G, Goia DV. Size control of noble metal clusters and metallic heterostructures through the reduction kinetics of metal precursors. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:9614-9617. [PMID: 25030001 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr03045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Eight precious metal salts/complexes were reduced in propylene glycol at temperatures ranging between 110 and 170 °C. We found that the reduction temperature and the size of precipitated metallic nanoparticles formed were significantly affected by the structure and reactivity of the metal precursors. The choice of noble metal precursor offers flexibility for designing, fabricating and controlling the size of metallic heterostructures with tunable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V Sevonkaev
- Center for Advanced Materials Processing, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA.
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Hu C, Aubert T, Justo Y, Flamee S, Cirillo M, Gassenq A, Drobchak O, Beunis F, Roelkens G, Hens Z. The micropatterning of layers of colloidal quantum dots with inorganic ligands using selective wet etching. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:175302. [PMID: 24722007 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/17/175302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The micropatterning of layers of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) stabilized by inorganic ligands is demonstrated using PbS core and CdSe/CdS core/shell QDs. A layer-by-layer approach is used to assemble the QD films, where each cycle involves the deposition of a QD layer by dip-coating, and the replacement of the native organic ligands by inorganic moieties, such as OH(-) and S(2-), followed by a thorough cleaning of the resulting film. This results in a smooth and crack-free QD film on which a photoresist can be spun. The micropatterns are defined by a positive photoresist, followed by the removal of uncovered QDs by selective wet etching with an HCl/H3PO4 mixture. The resulting patterns can have submicron feature dimensions, limited by the resolution of the lithographic process, and can be formed on planar and 3D substrates. It is shown that the photolithography and wet etching steps have little effect on the photoluminescence quantum yield of CdSe/CdS QDs. Compared with the unpatterned CdSe/CdS QD film, only a 10% degradation in the quantum yield is observed. These results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed micropatterning method to implement the large-scale device integration of colloidal quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hu
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, B-9000 Gent, Belgium. Photonics Research Group, INTEC Department, Ghent University-IMEC, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Center for Nano- and Biophotonics (NB-Photonics), Ghent University, Belgium
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Galloway CM, Kreuzer MP, Aćimović SS, Volpe G, Correia M, Petersen SB, Neves-Petersen MT, Quidant R. Plasmon-assisted delivery of single nano-objects in an optical hot spot. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:4299-304. [PMID: 23915079 DOI: 10.1021/nl402071p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Fully exploiting the capability of nano-optics to enhance light-matter interaction on the nanoscale is conditioned by bringing the nano-object to interrogate within the minuscule volume where the field is concentrated. There currently exists several approaches to control the immobilization of nano-objects but they all involve a cumbersome delivery step and require prior knowledge of the "hot spot" location. Herein, we present a novel technique in which the enhanced local field in the hot spot is the driving mechanism that triggers the binding of proteins via three-photon absorption. This way, we demonstrate exclusive immobilization of nanoscale amounts of bovine serum albumin molecules into the nanometer-sized gap of plasmonic dimers. The immobilized proteins can then act as a scaffold to subsequently attach an additional nanoscale object such as a molecule or a nanocrystal. This universal technique is envisioned to benefit a wide range of nano-optical functionalities including biosensing, enhanced spectroscopy like surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy or surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy, as well as quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Galloway
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques , Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
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Palankar R, Medvedev N, Rong A, Delcea M. Fabrication of quantum dot microarrays using electron beam lithography for applications in analyte sensing and cellular dynamics. ACS NANO 2013; 7:4617-28. [PMID: 23597071 DOI: 10.1021/nn401424y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dot (QD) based micro-/nanopatterned arrays are of broad interest in applications ranging from electronics, photonics, to sensor devices for biomedical purposes. Here, we report on a rapid, physico-chemically mild approach to generate high fidelity micropattern arrays of prefunctionalized water-soluble quantum dots using electron beam lithography. We show that such patterns retain their fluorescence and bioaffinity upon electron beam lithography and, based on the streptavidin-biotin interaction, allow for detection of proteins, colloidal gold nanoparticles and magnetic microparticles. Furthermore, we demonstrate the applicability of QD based microarray patterns differing in their shape (circles, squares, grid-like), size (from 1 to 10 μm) and pitch distance to study the adhesion, spreading and migration of human blood derived neutrophils. Using live cell confocal fluorescence microscopy, we show that pattern geometry and pitch distance influence the adhesion, spreading and migratory behavior of neutrophils. Research reported in this work paves the way for producing QD microarrays with multiplexed functionalities relevant for applications in analyte sensing and cellular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Palankar
- Nanostructure Group, ZIK HIKE - Center for Innovation Competence , Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular Diseases, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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Manfrinato VR, Wanger DD, Strasfeld DB, Han HS, Marsili F, Arrieta JP, Mentzel TS, Bawendi MG, Berggren KK. Controlled placement of colloidal quantum dots in sub-15 nm clusters. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:125302. [PMID: 23466608 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/12/125302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated a technique to control the placement of 6 nm-diameter CdSe and 5 nm-diameter CdSe/CdZnS colloidal quantum dots (QDs) through electron-beam lithography. This QD-placement technique resulted in an average of three QDs in each cluster, and 87% of the templated sites were occupied by at least one QD. These QD clusters could be in close proximity to one another, with a minimum separation of 12 nm. Photoluminescence measurements of the fabricated QD clusters showed intermittent photoluminescence, which indicates that the QDs were optically active after the fabrication process. This optimized top-down lithographic process is a step towards the integration of individual QDs in optoelectronic and nano-optical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor R Manfrinato
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Kolíbal M, Konečný M, Ligmajer F, Škoda D, Vystavěl T, Zlámal J, Varga P, Šikola T. Guided assembly of gold colloidal nanoparticles on silicon substrates prepatterned by charged particle beams. ACS NANO 2012; 6:10098-10106. [PMID: 23181715 DOI: 10.1021/nn3038226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal gold nanoparticles represent technological building blocks which are easy to fabricate while keeping full control of their shape and dimensions. Here, we report on a simple two-step maskless process to assemble gold nanoparticles from a water colloidal solution at specific sites of a silicon surface. First, the silicon substrate covered by native oxide is exposed to a charged particle beam (ions or electrons) and then immersed in a HF-modified solution of colloidal nanoparticles. The irradiation of the native oxide layer by a low-fluence charged particle beam causes changes in the type of surface-terminating groups, while the large fluences induce even more profound modification of surface composition. Hence, by a proper selection of the initial substrate termination, solution pH, and beam fluence, either positive or negative deposition of the colloidal nanoparticles can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Kolíbal
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Park Y, Roh YG, Kim UJ, Chung DY, Suh H, Kim J, Cheon S, Lee J, Kim TH, Cho KS, Lee CW. Nanoscale patterning of colloidal quantum dots on transparent and metallic planar surfaces. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:355302. [PMID: 22895055 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/35/355302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The patterning of colloidal quantum dots with nanometer resolution is essential for their application in photonics and plasmonics. Several patterning approaches, such as the use of polymer composites, molecular lock-and-key methods, inkjet printing and microcontact printing of quantum dots have been recently developed. Herein, we present a simple method of patterning colloidal quantum dots for photonic nanostructures such as straight lines, rings and dot patterns either on transparent or metallic substrates. Sub-10 nm width of the patterned line could be achieved with a well-defined sidewall profile. Using this method, we demonstrate a surface plasmon launcher from a quantum dot cluster in the visible spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsang Park
- Frontier Research Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Rycenga M, Cobley CM, Zeng J, Li W, Moran CH, Zhang Q, Qin D, Xia Y. Controlling the synthesis and assembly of silver nanostructures for plasmonic applications. Chem Rev 2011; 111:3669-712. [PMID: 21395318 PMCID: PMC3110991 DOI: 10.1021/cr100275d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1335] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Rycenga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Claire M. Cobley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Jie Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Weiyang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Christine H. Moran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Dong Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Younan Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
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Urbańczyk A, Hamhuis GJ, Nötzel R. Single InGaAs Quantum Dot Coupling to the Plasmon Resonance of a Metal Nanocrystal. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2010; 5:1926-9. [PMID: 21170402 PMCID: PMC2991211 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-010-9785-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of coupling of single InGaAs quantum dots with the surface plasmon resonance of a metal nanocrystal, which leads to clear enhancement of the photoluminescence in the spectral region of the surface plasmon resonance of the metal structures. Sharp emission lines, typical for single quantum dot emission, are observed, whereas for reference samples, only weak continuous background emission is visible. The composite metal-semiconductor structure is prepared by molecular beam epitaxy utilizing the principle of strain-driven adatom migration for the positioning of the metal nanocrystals with respect to the quantum dots without use of any additional processing steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Urbańczyk
- COBRA Research Institute on Communication Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - GJ Hamhuis
- COBRA Research Institute on Communication Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - R Nötzel
- COBRA Research Institute on Communication Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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