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Pavlov AN, Pavlova ON, Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya OV, Kurths J. Enhanced multiresolution wavelet analysis of complex dynamics in nonlinear systems. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2021; 31:043110. [PMID: 34251250 DOI: 10.1063/5.0045859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiresolution wavelet analysis (MWA) is a powerful data processing tool that provides a characterization of complex signals over multiple time scales. Typically, the standard deviations of wavelet coefficients are computed depending on the resolution level and such quantities are used as measures for diagnosing different types of system behavior. To enhance the capabilities of this tool, we propose a combination of MWA with detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) of detail wavelet coefficients. We find that such an MWA&DFA approach is capable of revealing the correlation features of wavelet coefficients in independent ranges of scales, which provide more information about the complex organization of datasets compared to variances or similar statistical measures of the standard MWA. Using this approach, we consider changes in the dynamics of coupled chaotic systems caused by transitions between different types of complex oscillations. We also demonstrate the potential of the MWA&DFA method for characterizing different physiological conditions by analyzing the electrical brain activity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Pavlov
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - O N Pavlova
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | | | - J Kurths
- Biology Department, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia
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Wei W, Zhang Q, Rayner SG, Qin W, Cheng Y, Wang F, Zheng Y, Wang RK. Automated vessel diameter quantification and vessel tracing for OCT angiography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000248. [PMID: 32857462 PMCID: PMC7857721 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is capable of non-invasively imaging the vascular networks within circulatory tissue beds in vivo. Following improvements in OCTA image quality, it is now possible to extract vascular parameters from imaging data to potentially facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of human disease. In this paper, we present a method for automated mapping of vessel diameter down to the individual capillary level, through gradient-guided minimum radial distance (MRD). During validation using well-characterized microfluidic flow phantoms, this method demonstrated superior consistency and a nearly threefold decrease in error when compared to currently accepted techniques. In addition, the MRD technique exhibited a high tolerance to rotation of the vasculature pattern. We also incorporated a modified A* path searching algorithm to trace vessel branches and calculate the diameter of each branch from the OCTA images. After validation in vitro, we applied these algorithms to the in vivo setting through analysis of mouse cortical vasculature. Our algorithm returned results that followed Murray's law, until reaching the capillary level, agreeing well with known physiological data. From our tracing process, vessel tortuosity and branching angle could also be measured. Our techniques provide a platform for the automated evaluation of the vasculature and may aid in diagnosis of vascular diseases, especially those resulting in regional early-stage morphological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Qinqin Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Samuel G. Rayner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Wan Qin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Yuxuan Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Fupeng Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ruikang K. Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Zhao Y, Shan T, Chi Z, Jiang H. Thermoacoustic tomography of germinal matrix hemorrhage in neonatal mouse cerebrum. JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 28:83-93. [PMID: 31771088 DOI: 10.3233/xst-190599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microwave-induced thermoacoustic tomography (TAT) has potential for detecting germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH). However, it has not been demonstrated in vivo. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the feasibility of TAT for in vivo detecting GMH by using neonatal mouse. METHODS A cylindrical-scanning TAT system was developed with optimized microwave irradiation and ultrasound detection for neonatal mouse imaging. Neonatal mice were used to develop GMH model by injection of autologous blood into the periventricular region. After TAT experiments, the animals were sacrificed, frozen and excised to validate the TAT findings. The detailed comparative analyses of the TAT images and corresponding photographs of the excised brain tissues were conducted. RESULTS Satisfactory matches are identified between the TAT images and corresponding histological sections, in terms of the shape and size of the brain tissues. Some organs and tissues were also identified. Particularly, comparing to the corresponding histological sections, using TAT enables to more accurately detect the hematoma region at different depths in the neonatal mouse brain. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that TAT can detect GMH in neonatal mouse cerebrum in vivo. This represents the first important step towards the in vivo diagnosis and grading of hemorrhage in the infant human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, China
| | - Tianqi Shan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Zihui Chi
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, China
| | - Huabei Jiang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, China
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Yuan X, Wu Q, Wang P, Jing Y, Yao H, Tang Y, Li Z, Zhang H, Xiu R. Exosomes Derived From Pericytes Improve Microcirculation and Protect Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier After Spinal Cord Injury in Mice. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:319. [PMID: 31040762 PMCID: PMC6476953 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to severe and permanent paralysis and places a heavy burden on individuals, families, and society. Until now, the therapy of SCI is still a big challenge for the researchers. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a hot spot for the treatment of SCI, but many problems and risks have not been resolved. Some studies have reported that the therapeutic effect of MSCs on SCI is related to the paracrine secretion of cells. The exosomes secreted by MSCs have therapeutic potential for many diseases. There are abundant pericytes which possess the characteristics of stem cells in the neurovascular unit. Due to the close relationship between pericytes and endothelial cells, the exosomes of pericytes can be taken up by endothelial cells more easily. There are fewer studies about the therapeutic potential of the exosomes derived from pericytes on SCI now. In this study, exosomes of pericytes were transplanted into the mice with SCI to study the restoration of motor function and explore the underlying mechanism. We found that the exosomes derived from pericytes could reduce pathological changes, improve the motor function, the blood flow and oxygen deficiency after SCI. In addition, the exosomes could improve the endothelial ability to regulate blood flow, protect the blood-spinal cord barrier, reduce edema, decrease the expression of HIF-1α, Bax, Aquaporin-4, and MMP2, increase the expression of Claudin-5, bcl-2 and inhibit apoptosis. The experiments in vitro proved that exosomes derived from pericytes could protect the barrier of spinal cord microvascular endothelial cells under hypoxia condition, which was related to PTEN/AKT pathway. In summary, our study showed that exosomes of pericytes had therapeutic prospects for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qingbin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Orthopedics Department, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yingli Jing
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Haijiang Yao
- Treatment Center of TCM, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinshan Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation in Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Honggang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijuan Xiu
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Systemic microcirculation dysfunction after low thoracic spinal cord injury in mice. Life Sci 2019; 221:47-55. [PMID: 30738044 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) disturbs the autonomic nervous system and induces dysfunction or failure of multiple organs. The systemic microcirculation disturbance that contributes to the complications associated with SCI remains to be clarified. METHODS We used male mice (29-32 g) and modified weight-drop injury at T10 to evaluate the systemic microcirculation dysfunction during the first 2 weeks after SCI. We determined permeability and microvascular blood flow in several organs and evaluated their vasomotor function. We also measured circulating endothelial cells (CECs), circulating endothelial progenitor cells (CEPCs), circulating pericyte progenitor cells (CPPCs), and serum proinflammatory cytokines. RESULTS The endothelial permeability of almost all organs increased after SCI. Microvascular blood flow decreased in the bladder and kidney and increased in the spleen and was accompanied by endothelial vasomotor dysfunction. SCI also induced an increase in CECs, CEPCs, and CPPCs in peripheral blood. Finally, we confirmed changes in a systemic cytokine profile (interleukin [IL]-3, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) after SCI. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that a systemic microcirculation disturbance occurs after SCI. This information may play a key role in the development of effective therapeutic strategies for SCI.
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Hypoxia and Neonatal Haemorrhagic Stroke: Experimental Study of Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016. [PMID: 27526140 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-38810-6_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
We studied the level of blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) in the brain in newborn rats in the pre- and post-stroke periods, as well as the changes in cerebral blood flow and beta-arrestin-1 as a marker of hypoxic stress. Our results show that mild hypoxia precedes the stroke development and is associated with venous relaxation and decrease blood outflow from the brain resulting in the elevation of synthesis of beta-arrestin-1 in the brain. The incidence of stroke is characterized by severe hypoxia, which is accompanied by the progression of pathological changes in cerebral veins and the high level of beta-arrestin-1.
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Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya O, Borisova E, Abakumov M, Gorin D, Avramov L, Fedosov I, Namykin A, Abdurashitov A, Serov A, Pavlov A, Zinchenko E, Lychagov V, Navolokin N, Shirokov A, Maslyakova G, Zhu D, Luo Q, Chekhonin V, Tuchin V, Kurths J. The Stress and Vascular Catastrophes in Newborn Rats: Mechanisms Preceding and Accompanying the Brain Hemorrhages. Front Physiol 2016; 7:210. [PMID: 27378933 PMCID: PMC4906045 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the time-depended scenario of stress response cascade preceding and accompanying brain hemorrhages in newborn rats using an interdisciplinary approach based on: a morphological analysis of brain tissues, coherent-domain optical technologies for visualization of the cerebral blood flow, monitoring of the cerebral oxygenation and the deformability of red blood cells (RBCs). Using a model of stress-induced brain hemorrhages (sound stress, 120 dB, 370 Hz), we studied changes in neonatal brain 2, 4, 6, 8 h after stress (the pre-hemorrhage, latent period) and 24 h after stress (the post-hemorrhage period). We found that latent period of brain hemorrhages is accompanied by gradual pathological changes in systemic, metabolic, and cellular levels of stress. The incidence of brain hemorrhages is characterized by a progression of these changes and the irreversible cell death in the brain areas involved in higher mental functions. These processes are realized via a time-depended reduction of cerebral venous blood flow and oxygenation that was accompanied by an increase in RBCs deformability. The significant depletion of the molecular layer of the prefrontal cortex and the pyramidal neurons, which are crucial for associative learning and attention, is developed as a consequence of homeostasis imbalance. Thus, stress-induced processes preceding and accompanying brain hemorrhages in neonatal period contribute to serious injuries of the brain blood circulation, cerebral metabolic activity and structural elements of cognitive function. These results are an informative platform for further studies of mechanisms underlying stress-induced brain hemorrhages during the first days of life that will improve the future generation's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya
- Department of Physiology of Human and Animals, Saratov State UniversitySaratov, Russia; Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China
| | - Ekaterina Borisova
- Laboratory of Biophotonics, Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maxim Abakumov
- Medico-Biological Department, Russian National Research Medical University Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Gorin
- Department of Nanotechnology, Saratov State University Saratov, Russia
| | - Latchezar Avramov
- Laboratory of Biophotonics, Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Fedosov
- Department of Physics, Saratov State University Saratov, Russia
| | - Anton Namykin
- Department of Physics, Saratov State University Saratov, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Serov
- Department of Physiology of Human and Animals, Saratov State University Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexey Pavlov
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Saratov State Technical University Saratov, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Zinchenko
- Department of Physiology of Human and Animals, Saratov State University Saratov, Russia
| | - Vlad Lychagov
- Department of Physics, Saratov State University Saratov, Russia
| | - Nikita Navolokin
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Saratov State Medical University Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexander Shirokov
- Saratov Research Center, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS) Saratov, Russia
| | - Galina Maslyakova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Saratov State Medical University Saratov, Russia
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Qingming Luo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Vladimir Chekhonin
- Medico-Biological Department, Russian National Research Medical University Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery Tuchin
- Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China; Department of Physics, Saratov State UniversitySaratov, Russia; Laboratory of Biophotonics, Science Department, Tomsk State UniversityTomsk, Russia
| | - Jürgen Kurths
- Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China; Department of Physics, Humboldt UniversityBerlin, Germany; Research Domain Transdisciplinary Concepts and Methods, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact ResearchPotsdam, Germany
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Ulanova M, Gekalyuk A, Agranovich I, Khorovodov A, Rezunbaeva V, Borisova E, Sharif AE, Navolokin N, Shuvalova E, Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya O. Stress-Induced Stroke and Stomach Cancer: Sex Differences in Oxygen Saturation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 923:135-140. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-38810-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya O, Pavlov A, Kurths J, Borisova E, Gisbrecht A, Sindeeva O, Abdurashitov A, Shirokov A, Navolokin N, Zinchenko E, Gekalyuk A, Ulanova M, Zhu D, Luo Q, Tuchin V. Optical monitoring of stress-related changes in the brain tissues and vessels associated with hemorrhagic stroke in newborn rats. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:4088-97. [PMID: 26504656 PMCID: PMC4605065 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.004088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Stress is a major factor for a risk of cerebrovascular catastrophes. Studying of mechanisms underlying stress-related brain-injures in neonates is crucial for development of strategy to prevent of neonatal stroke. Here, using a model of sound-stress-induced intracranial hemorrhages in newborn rats and optical methods, we found that cerebral veins are more sensitive to the deleterious effect of stress than arteries and microvessels. The development of venous insufficiency with decreased blood outflow from the brain accompanied by hypoxia, reduction of complexity of venous blood flow and high production of beta-arrestin-1 are possible mechanisms responsible for a risk of neonatal hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Alexey Pavlov
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Jürgen Kurths
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg A31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Borisova
- Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Tsarigradsko Chaussee 72, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria
| | - Alexander Gisbrecht
- Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Tsarigradsko Chaussee 72, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria
| | - Olga Sindeeva
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Shirokov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Entusiastov Str.13, Saratov 410049, Russia
| | | | | | - Artem Gekalyuk
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Maria Ulanova
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Dan Zhu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qingming Luo
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Valery Tuchin
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
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Shi R, Chen M, Tuchin VV, Zhu D. Accessing to arteriovenous blood flow dynamics response using combined laser speckle contrast imaging and skin optical clearing. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:1977-89. [PMID: 26114023 PMCID: PMC4473738 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.001977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) shows a great potential for monitoring blood flow, but the spatial resolution suffers from the scattering of tissue. Here, we demonstrate the capability of a combination method of LSCI and skin optical clearing to describe in detail the dynamic response of cutaneous vasculature to vasoactive noradrenaline injection. Moreover, the superior resolution, contrast and sensitivity make it possible to rebuild arteries-veins separation and quantitatively assess the blood flow dynamical changes in terms of flow velocity and vascular diameter at single artery or vein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Min Chen
- Affiliated Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Valery V. Tuchin
- Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov State University, Saratov 410012, Russia
- Institute of Precise Mechanics and Control RAS, Saratov 410028, Russia
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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