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Anand A, Huang CC, Lai JY, Bano D, Pardede HI, Hussain A, Saleem S, Unnikrishnan B. Fluorescent carbon dots for labeling of bacteria: mechanism and prospects-a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3907-3921. [PMID: 38656364 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The search for bacteria-labeling agents that are more efficient and less toxic compared to existing staining dyes is ongoing. Fluorescent quantum dots and carbon dots (CDs) have been extensively researched for various bioimaging applications. Priority is given to CDs due to several advantages, including lower toxicity, versatility in tuning their properties, and better photostability compared to metal-based quantum dots. Although significant progress is still needed to replace existing dyes with CDs for bacteria labeling, they offer promising potential for further improvement in efficiency. Surface charges and functional groups have been reported as decisive factors for bacterial discrimination and live/dead assays; however, a complete guideline for preparing CDs with optimum properties for efficient staining and predicting their labeling performance is lacking. In this review, we discuss the application of fluorescent CDs for bacterial labeling and the underlying mechanisms and principles. We primarily focus on the application and mechanism of CDs for Gram differentiation, live imaging, live/dead bacteria differentiation, bacterial viability testing, biofilm imaging, and the challenges associated with application of CDs. Based on proposed mechanisms of bacterial labeling and ambiguous results reported, we provide our view and guidelines for the researchers in this field to overcome the challenges associated with bacteria labeling using fluorescent CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Anand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Huang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202301, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202301, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yang Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan.
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan.
| | - Darakhshan Bano
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202301, Taiwan
| | - Helen Indah Pardede
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202301, Taiwan
| | - Amina Hussain
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202301, Taiwan
| | - Sehresh Saleem
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202301, Taiwan
| | - Binesh Unnikrishnan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202301, Taiwan.
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2
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Liu Y, Xu Y, Wen Q. Carbon dots for staining bacterial dead cells and distinguishing dead/alive bacteria. Anal Biochem 2024; 687:115432. [PMID: 38113980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The small molecular dyes such as propidium iodide (PI) always suffer from photo-bleaching and potential toxicity. To tackle the problems, a type of nontoxic carbon dots (CDs) was obtained for dead/alive bacterial distinguishing. This kind of carbon dots has an average size of 1.91 nm and owns carboxyl groups, emerging as excellent candidates for imaging bacterial cells. The negative charges of carboxyl groups lead their avoidance of alive cells while their small size facilitates penetration of dead cells. This kind of nontoxic CDs has effectively differentiated between and alive ones, presenting a highly promising green dye comparing with traditional small molecular dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qin Wen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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3
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Babu AK, Raja MKMM, Zehravi M, Mohammad BD, Anees MI, Prasad C, Yahya BA, Sultana R, Sharma R, Singh J, Khan KA, Siddiqui FA, Khan SL, Emran TB. An overview of polymer surface coated synthetic quantum dots as therapeutics and sensors applications. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 184:1-12. [PMID: 37652186 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are a class of remarkable materials that have garnered significant attention since their initial discovery. It is noteworthy to mention that it took approximately a decade for these materials to be successfully implemented in practical applications. While QDs have demonstrated notable optical properties, it is important to note that these attributes alone have not rendered them a feasible substitute for traditional organic dyes. Furthermore, it is worth noting that the substance under investigation exhibited inherent toxicity and instability in its initial state, primarily due to the presence of a heavy metal core. In the initial stages of research, it was observed that the integration of nanocomposites had a positive impact on the properties of QDs. The discovery of these nanocomposites was motivated by the remarkable properties exhibited by biocomposites found in nature. Recent discoveries have shed light on the potential utilization of QDs as a viable strategy for drug delivery, offering a promising avenue to enhance the efficacy of current pharmaceuticals and pave the way for the creation of innovative therapeutic approaches. The primary objective of this review was to elucidate the distinctive characteristics that render QDs highly suitable for utilization as nanocarriers. In this study, we will delve into the multifaceted applications of QDs as sensing nanoprobes and their utilization in diverse drug delivery systems. The focus of our investigation was directed toward the utilization of QD/polymer composites in sensing applications, with particular emphasis on their potential as chemical sensors, biosensors, and physical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancha Kishore Babu
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University College, 71800, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - M K Mohan Maruga Raja
- Parul Institute of Pharmacy & Research, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391110, India
| | - Mehrukh Zehravi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Girls Section, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badrud Duza Mohammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, G R T Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, GRT Mahalakshmi Nagar, Tiruttani 631209, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammed Imran Anees
- Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 431003, India
| | | | - Barrawaz Aateka Yahya
- Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 431003, India
| | - Rokeya Sultana
- Yenepoya Pharmacy College and Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Deralakatte, 575022, Mangalore, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Jay Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Applied College, King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Falak A Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, N.B.S. Institute of Pharmacy, Ausa, 413520, Maharashtra, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Anurag University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sharuk L Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, N.B.S. Institute of Pharmacy, Ausa, 413520, Maharashtra, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Anurag University, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
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4
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Sawalha S, Abdallah S, Barham A, Badawi H, Barham Z, Ghareeb A, Misia G, Collavini S, Silvestri A, Prato M, Assali M. Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon nanodots from sage leaves for selective anticancer activity on 2D liver cancer cells and 3D multicellular tumor spheroids. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:5974-5982. [PMID: 37881717 PMCID: PMC10597557 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00269a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanodots, a family of carbon-based nanomaterials, have been synthesized through different methods from various resources, affecting the properties of the resulting product and their application. Herein, carbon nanodots (CNDs) were synthesized with a green and simple hydrothermal method from sage leaves at 200 °C for 6 hours. The obtained CNDs are well dispersed in water with a negative surface charge (ζ-potential = -11 mV) and an average particle size of 3.6 nm. The synthesized CNDs showed concentration-dependent anticancer activity toward liver cancer (Hep3B) cell lines and decreased the viability of the cancer cells to 23% at the highest used concentration (250 μg ml-1 of CNDs). More interestingly, the cytotoxicity of the CNDs was tested in normal liver cell lines (LX2) revealed that the CNDs at all tested concentrations didn't affect their viability including at the highest concentration showing a viability of 86.7%. The cellular uptake mechanisms of CNDs were investigated and they are thought to be through energy-dependent endocytosis and also through passive diffusion. The main mechanisms of endocytosis were lipid and caveolae-mediated endocytosis. In addition, the CNDs have hindered the formation of 3D spheroids from the Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Hence, it would be concluded that the synthesized CNDs from sage are more highly selective to liver cancer cells than normal ones. The CNDs' cancer-killing ability would be referred to as the production of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Sawalha
- Chemical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, An-Najah National University P.O. Box 7 Nablus Palestine
| | - Samer Abdallah
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University P.O. Box 7 Nablus Palestine
| | - Amal Barham
- Chemical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, An-Najah National University P.O. Box 7 Nablus Palestine
| | - Hala Badawi
- Chemical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, An-Najah National University P.O. Box 7 Nablus Palestine
| | - Zeina Barham
- Chemical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, An-Najah National University P.O. Box 7 Nablus Palestine
| | - Ahmad Ghareeb
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University P.O. Box 7 Nablus Palestine
| | - Giuseppe Misia
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste via Licio Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Silvia Collavini
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Donostia-San Sebastián 20014 Spain
| | - Alessandro Silvestri
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice Venezia 30170 Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste via Licio Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Donostia-San Sebastián 20014 Spain
| | - Mohyeddin Assali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University P.O. Box 7 Nablus Palestine
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Sheikh MA, Chandok RS, Abida K. High energy density storage, antifungal activity and enhanced bioimaging by green self-doped heteroatom carbon dots. DISCOVER NANO 2023; 18:132. [PMID: 37870636 PMCID: PMC10593680 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03910-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Self-heteroatom-doped N-carbon dots (N-CDs) with a 2.35 eV energy gap and a 65.5% fluorescence quantum yield were created using a one-step, efficient, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly microwave irradiation method. FE-SEM, EDX, FT-IR, XRD, UV-VIS spectroscopy, FL spectroscopy, and CV electrochemical analysis were used to characterise the produced heteroatom-doped N-CDs. The graphitic carbon dot surface is doped with heteroatom functional groups such (S, P, K, Mg, Zn) = 1%, in addition to the additional passivating agent (N), according to the EDX surface morphology and the spontaneous heteroatom doping was caused by the heterogeneous chemical composition of pumpkin seeds. These spontaneous heteroatom-doped N-CDs possess quasispherical amorphous graphitic structure with an average size of less than 10 nm and the interplaner distance of 0.334 nm. Calculations utilising cyclic voltammetry showed that the heteroatom-doped N-CDs placed on nickel electrodes had a high specific capacitance value of 1044 F/g at a scan rate of 10 mV/s in 3 M of KOH electrolyte solution. Furthermore, it demonstrated a high energy and power density of 28.50 Wh/kg and 3350 W/kg, respectively. The higher value of specific capacitance and energy density were attributed to the fact that the Ni/CDs electrode material possesses both EDLC and PC properties due to the sufficient surface area and the multiple active sites of the prepared N-CDs. Furthermore, the heteroatom N-CDs revealed the antifungal action and bioimaging of the "Cladosporium cladosporioides" mould, which is mostly accountable for economic losses in agricultural products. The functional groups of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, and zinc on the surface of the CDs have strong antibacterial and antifungal properties as well as fluorescence enhanced bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R S Chandok
- Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Khalsa College, Jabalpur, India
| | - Khan Abida
- Government Degree College for Women Anantnag, Srinagar, India
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6
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Kumar R, Vincy A, Rani K, Jain N, Singh S, Agarwal A, Vankayala R. Facile Synthesis of Multifunctional Carbon Dots Derived from Camel Milk for Mn 7+ Sensing and Antiamyloid and Anticancer Activities. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:36521-36533. [PMID: 37810638 PMCID: PMC10552091 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are promising biocompatible fluorescent nanoparticles mainly used in bioimaging, drug delivery, sensing, therapeutics, and various other applications. The utilization of natural sources and green synthetic approaches is resulting in highly biocompatible and nontoxic nanoparticles. Herein, we report an unprecedented facile and green synthesis of highly luminescent carbon dots derived from camel milk (CM) for sensing manganese (Mn7+) ions and for identifying the anticancer potential and antiamyloid activity against α-synuclein amyloids. α-Synuclein amyloid formation due to protein misfolding (genetic and environmental factors) has gained significant attention due to its association with Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies. The as-synthesized CM-CDs possess an average hydrodynamic diameter ranging from 3 to 15 nm and also exhibit strong photoluminescence (PL) emission in the blue region. The CM-CDs possess good water dispersibility, stable fluorescence under different physical states, and outstanding photostability. Moreover, the CM-CDs are validated as an efficient sensor for the detection of Mn7+ ions in DI water and in metal ion-polluted tap water. In addition, the CM-CDs have demonstrated a very good quantum yield (QY) of 24.6% and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.58 μM for Mn7+ ions with no incubation time. Consequently, the exceptional properties of CM-CDs make them highly suitable for a diverse array of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department
of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar 342030, India
| | - Antony Vincy
- Department
of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar 342030, India
| | - Khushboo Rani
- Department
of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar 342030, India
| | - Neha Jain
- Department
of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar 342030, India
- Centre
for Emerging Technologies for Sustainable Development (CETSD), Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar 342030, India
| | - Sarvar Singh
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar 342030, India
| | - Ajay Agarwal
- Interdisciplinary
Research Platform Smart Healthcare, Indian
Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar 342030, India
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar 342030, India
| | - Raviraj Vankayala
- Department
of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar 342030, India
- Interdisciplinary
Research Platform Smart Healthcare, Indian
Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar 342030, India
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7
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Jiang Y, Yin C, Mo J, Wang X, Wang T, Li G, Zhou Q. Recent progress in carbon dots for anti-pathogen applications in oral cavity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1251309. [PMID: 37780847 PMCID: PMC10540312 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1251309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral microbial infections are one of the most common diseases. Their progress not only results in the irreversible destruction of teeth and other oral tissues but also closely links to oral cancers and systemic diseases. However, traditional treatment against oral infections by antibiotics is not effective enough due to microbial resistance and drug blocking by oral biofilms, along with the passive dilution of the drug on the infection site in the oral environment. Aim of review Besides the traditional antibiotic treatment, carbon dots (CDs) recently became an emerging antimicrobial and microbial imaging agent because of their excellent (bio)physicochemical performance. Their application in treating oral infections has received widespread attention, as witnessed by increasing publication in this field. However, to date, there is no comprehensive review available yet to analyze their effectiveness and mechanism. Herein, as a step toward addressing the present gap, this review aims to discuss the recent advances in CDs against diverse oral pathogens and thus propose novel strategies in the treatment of oral microbial infections. Key scientific concepts of review In this manuscript, the recent progress of CDs against oral pathogens is summarized for the first time. We highlighted the antimicrobial abilities of CDs in terms of oral planktonic bacteria, intracellular bacteria, oral pathogenic biofilms, and fungi. Next, we introduced their microbial imaging and detection capabilities and proposed the prospects of CDs in early diagnosis of oral infection and pathogen microbiological examination. Lastly, we discussed the perspectives on clinical transformation and the current limitations of CDs in the treatment of oral microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Jiang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuqiang Yin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianning Mo
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guotai Li
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qihui Zhou
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
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8
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John VL, Nayana AR, Keerthi TR, K A AK, Sasidharan BCP, T P V. Mulberry Leaves (Morus Rubra)-Derived Blue-Emissive Carbon Dots Fed to Silkworms to Produce Augmented Silk Applicable for the Ratiometric Detection of Dopamine. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300081. [PMID: 37097218 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibers (SF) reeled from silkworms are constituted by natural proteins, and their characteristic structural features render them applicable as materials for textiles and packaging. Modification of SF with functional materials can facilitate their applications in additional areas. In this work, the preparation of functional SF embedded with carbon dots (CD) is reported through the direct feeding of a CD-modified diet to silkworms. Fluorescent and mechanically robust SF are obtained from silkworms (Bombyx mori) that are fed on CDs synthesized from the Morus rubra variant of mulberry leaves (MB-CDs). MB-CDs are introduced to silkworms from the third instar by spraying them on the silkworm feed, the mulberry leaves. MB-CDs are synthesized hydrothermally without adding surface passivating agents and are observed to have a quantum yield of 22%. With sizes of ≈4 nm, MB-CDs exhibited blue fluorescence, and they can be used as efficient fluorophores to detect Dopamine (DA) up to the limit of 4.39 nM. The nanostructures and physical characteristics of SF weren't altered when the SF are infused with MB-CDs. Also, a novel DA sensing application based on fluorescence with the MB-CD incorporated SF is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Lisa John
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - A R Nayana
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, P.D Hills (P.O), Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - T R Keerthi
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, P.D Hills (P.O), Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Athira Krishnan K A
- Centre for Neuroscience, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 682022, India
| | - B C P Sasidharan
- Centre for Neuroscience, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 682022, India
| | - Vinod T P
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560029, India
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9
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Kang J, Ai Q, Zhao A, Wang H, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhang L, Liu Y. Neurotoxicological mechanisms of carbon quantum dots in a new animal model Dugesia japonica. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:711-719. [PMID: 37386302 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
As luminescent nanomaterials, the carbon quantum dots (CQDs) research focused on emerging applications since their discovery. However, their toxicological effects on the natural environment are still unclear. The freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica is distributed extensively in aquatic ecosystems and can regenerate a new brain in 5 days after amputation. Therefore it can be used as a new model organism in the field of neuroregeneration toxicology. In our study, D. japonica was cut and incubated in medium treated with CQDs. The results showed that the injured planarian lost the neuronal ability of brain regeneration after treatment with CQDs. Its Hh signalling system was interfered with at Day 5, and all cultured pieces died on or before Day 10 due to head lysis. Our work reveals that CQDs might affect the nerve regeneration of freshwater planarians via the Hh signalling pathway. The results of this study improve our understanding of CQD neuronal development toxicology and can aid in the development of warning systems for aquatic ecosystem damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kang
- College of Life Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Qing Ai
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ang Zhao
- College of Life Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Haijiao Wang
- College of Life Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiangpeng Zhang
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Life Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | | | - Yuqing Liu
- College of Life Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
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10
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Yahav G, Pawar S, Lipovsky A, Gupta A, Gedanken A, Duadi H, Fixler D. Probing Polarity and pH Sensitivity of Carbon Dots in Escherichia coli through Time-Resolved Fluorescence Analyses. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2068. [PMID: 37513079 PMCID: PMC10384995 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular monitoring of pH and polarity is crucial for understanding cellular processes and functions. This study employed pH- and polarity-sensitive nanomaterials such as carbon dots (CDs) for the intracellular sensing of pH, polarity, and viscosity using integrated time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy (FA) imaging (TR-FAIM) and fluorescence lifetime (FLT) imaging microscopy (FLIM), thereby enabling comprehensive characterization. The functional groups on the surface of CDs exhibit sensitivity to changes in the microenvironment, leading to variations in fluorescence intensity (FI) and FLT according to pH and polarity. The FLT of CDs in aqueous solution changed gradually from 6.38 ± 0.05 ns to 8.03 ± 0.21 ns within a pH range of 2-8. Interestingly, a complex relationship of FI and FLT was observed during measurements of CDs with decreasing polarity. However, the FA and rotational correlation time (θ) increased from 0.062 ± 0.019 to 0.112 ± 0.023 and from 0.49 ± 0.03 ns to 2.01 ± 0.27 ns, respectively. This increase in FA and θ was attributed to the higher viscosity accompanying the decrease in polarity. Furthermore, CDs were found to bind to three locations in Escherichia coli: the cell wall, inner membrane, and cytoplasm, enabling intracellular characterization using FI and FA decay imaging. FLT provided insights into cytoplasmic pH (7.67 ± 0.48), which agreed with previous works, as well as the decrease in polarity in the cell wall and inner membrane. The CD aggregation was suspected in certain areas based on FA, and the θ provided information on cytoplasmic heterogeneity due to the aggregation and/or interactions with biomolecules. The combined TR-FAIM/FLIM system allowed for simultaneous monitoring of pH and polarity changes through FLIM and viscosity variations through TR-FAIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Yahav
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Shweta Pawar
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Anat Lipovsky
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Akanksha Gupta
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Aharon Gedanken
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Hamootal Duadi
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Dror Fixler
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
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11
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Das TK, Ganguly S. Revolutionizing Food Safety with Quantum Dot-Polymer Nanocomposites: From Monitoring to Sensing Applications. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112195. [PMID: 37297441 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review article investigates the prospective utilisation of quantum dot-polymer nanocomposites in the context of ensuring food safety. The text pertains to the advancement of nanocomposites, encompassing their distinctive optical and electrical characteristics, and their prospective to transform the detection and perception of food safety risks. The article explores diverse methodologies for producing nanocomposites and underscores their potential utility in identifying impurities, microorganisms, and harmful substances in food. The article provides an overview of the challenges and limitations associated with the utilisation of nanocomposites in food safety applications, encompassing concerns regarding toxicity and the necessity for standardised protocols. The review article presents a comprehensive examination of the present research status in this area and underscores the potential of quantum dots-polymer nanocomposites in transforming food safety monitoring and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Kanti Das
- Institute of Physics-Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland
| | - Sayan Ganguly
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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12
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Liu Y, Zhong D, Yu L, Shi Y, Xu Y. Primary Amine Functionalized Carbon Dots for Dead and Alive Bacterial Imaging. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:437. [PMID: 36770398 PMCID: PMC9920602 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Small molecular dyes are commonly used for bacterial imaging, but they still meet a bottleneck of biological toxicity and fluorescence photobleaching. Carbon dots have shown high potential for bio-imaging due to their low cost and negligible toxicity and anti-photobleaching. However, there is still large space to enhance the quantum yield of the carbon quantum dots and to clarify their mechanisms of bacterial imaging. Using carbon dots for dyeing alive bacteria is difficult because of the thick density and complicated structure of bacterial cell walls. In this work, both dead or alive bacterial cell imaging can be achieved using the primary amine functionalized carbon dots based on their small size, excellent quantum yield and primary amine functional groups. Four types of carbon quantum dots were prepared and estimated for the bacterial imaging. It was found that the spermine as one of precursors can obviously enhance the quantum yield of carbon dots, which showed a high quantum yield of 66.46% and high fluorescence bleaching-resistance (70% can be maintained upon 3-h-irradiation). Furthermore, a mild modifying method was employed to bound ethylenediamine on the surface of the spermine-carbon dots, which is favorable for staining not only the dead bacterial cells but also the alive ones. Investigations of physical structure and chemical groups indicated the existence of primary amine groups on the surface of spermine-carbon quantum dots (which own a much higher quantum yield) which can stain alive bacterial cells visibly. The imaging mechanism was studied in detail, which provides a preliminary reference for exploring efficient and environment-friendly carbon dots for bacterial imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Di Zhong
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yanfeng Shi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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13
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Ghosh T, Nandi S, Bhattacharyya SK, Ghosh SK, Mandal M, Banerji P, Das NC. Nitrogen and sulphur doped carbon dot: An excellent biocompatible candidate for in-vitro cancer cell imaging and beyond. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 217:114922. [PMID: 36435492 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are an exquisite class of carbon allotrope that is already well nourished for their good biocompatibility, water-solubility, excellent photostability, and magnificent photoluminescence property. Doping strategy with heteroatoms is an efficacious way to modify the physicochemical and optical properties, making the carbon dots an exceedingly potential candidate. This work reports the fabrication and cancer cell imaging application of photoluminescent heteroatom-doped carbon dots by use of cysteine and urea as carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur sources through a straightforward and highly productive hydrothermal procedure. The fabricated luminescent carbon dots are spherical in shape, with an average diameter of 3.5 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization revealed key facts about the surface functional groups and chemical compositions of carbon dots. The excitation-dependent photoluminescence (PL) peak appeared at around 445 nm against the excited wavelength of 350 nm. Moreover, under the provided experimental conditions, all the carbon dots are non-toxic and safe. The cytotoxicity and the safety profiles of the carbon dots were found to be in the bearable range under normal in-vitro experimental circumstances. Cellular uptake was observed by the green fluorescence of carbon dots inside cells. Likewise, the carbon dots did not alter the cell viability of the normal glial cell line. Again, when treated with the carbon dots, there was no notable increase of apoptotic cells in the G2/M phase of cell cycle analysis that confirmed the imaging-trackable ability of the carbon dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisita Ghosh
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Suvendu Nandi
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | | | - Suman Kumar Ghosh
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Pallab Banerji
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Narayan Ch Das
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India; School of Nano Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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14
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Zhou X, Cao W. Flexible and Stretchable Carbon-Based Sensors and Actuators for Soft Robots. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:316. [PMID: 36678069 PMCID: PMC9864711 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the emergence of low-dimensional carbon-based materials, such as carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, together with the advances in materials science, have greatly enriched the variety of flexible and stretchable electronic devices. Compared with conventional rigid devices, these soft robotic sensors and actuators exhibit remarkable advantages in terms of their biocompatibility, portability, power efficiency, and wearability, thus creating myriad possibilities of novel wearable and implantable tactile sensors, as well as micro-/nano-soft actuation systems. Interestingly, not only are carbon-based materials ideal constituents for photodetectors, gas, thermal, triboelectric sensors due to their geometry and extraordinary sensitivity to various external stimuli, but they also provide significantly more precise manipulation of the actuators than conventional centimeter-scale pneumatic and hydraulic robotic actuators, at a molecular level. In this review, we summarize recent progress on state-of-the-art flexible and stretchable carbon-based sensors and actuators that have creatively added to the development of biomedicine, nanoscience, materials science, as well as soft robotics. In the end, we propose the future potential of carbon-based materials for biomedical and soft robotic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhou
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wenhan Cao
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy Efficient and Custom AI IC, Shanghai 201210, China
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15
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Recent Advances in Nanomaterial-Based Sensing for Food Safety Analysis. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10122576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing public attention on unceasing food safety incidents prompts the requirements of analytical techniques with high sensitivity, reliability, and reproducibility to timely prevent food safety incidents occurring. Food analysis is critically important for the health of both animals and human beings. Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, nanomaterials provide more opportunities for food quality and safety control. To date, nanomaterials have been widely used in the construction of sensors and biosensors to achieve more accurate, fast, and selective food safety detection. Here, various nanomaterial-based sensors for food analysis are outlined, including optical and electrochemical sensors. The discussion mainly involves the basic sensing principles, current strategies, and novel designs. Additionally, given the trend towards portable devices, various smartphone sensor-based point-of-care (POC) devices for home care testing are discussed.
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16
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Lisa John V, P M F, K P C, T P V. Carbon dots derived from frankincense soot for ratiometric and colorimetric detection of lead (II). NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:495706. [PMID: 36049475 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac8e76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of carbon dots from frankincense soot. Carbon dots prepared from frankincense (FI-CDs) have narrow size distribution with an average size of 1.80 nm. FI-CDs emit intense blue fluorescence without additional surface functionalization or modification. A negative surface charge was observed for FI-CDs, indicating the abundance of epoxy, carboxylic acid, and hydroxyl functionalities that accounts for their stability. A theoretical investigation of the FI-CDs attached to oxygen-rich functional groups is incorporated in this study. The characteristics of FI-CDs signify arm-chair orientation, which is confirmed by comparing the indirect bandgap of FI-CDs with the bandgap obtained from Tauc plots. Also, we demonstrate that the FI-CDs are promising fluoroprobes for the ratiometric detection of Pb2+ions (detection limit of 0.12μM). The addition of Pb2+to FI-CD solution quenched the fluorescence intensity, which is observable under illumination by UV light LED chips. We demonstrate a smartphone-assisted quantification of the fluorescence intensity change providing an efficient strategy for the colorimetric sensing of Pb2+in real-life samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Lisa John
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Fasila P M
- Department of Chemistry, Sir Syed College, Taliparamba, Kannur, Kerala 670142, India
| | - Chaithra K P
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Vinod T P
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560029, India
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17
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Chandrasekaran P, Sivaraman G, Rasala S, Sethuraman MG, Kotla NG, Rochev Y. Quercetin conjugated fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots for targeted cancer therapy application. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:5645-5653. [PMID: 35861218 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00747a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the development of nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NDCDs) as a drug carrier using quercetin (QC) as a model drug for anti-cancer drug delivery application. NDCDs were prepared by a simple hydrothermal method using Luffa acutangula as a carbon source. The characterization of QC-NDCDs was done by UV-vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, zeta potential measurements, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The as-synthesized NDCDs have a small particle size with hydroxyl and nitrogen-containing groups (pyridinic and amide groups), enhancing the fluorescence properties, and were obtained in a good quantum yield (14%). Furthermore, the in vitro alamarBlue® assay revealed that the NDCDs-QC conjugate was nontoxic to colon cancer cells. This NDCDs-QC conjugate is able to kill cancer cells in the NDCDs-QC form compared to free QC as confirmed by in vitro MTT assay results. Thus, the developed NDCDs conjugate can be used as a promising drug delivery and bio-imaging vehicle in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchai Chandrasekaran
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, 624302, Dindigul, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Gandhi Sivaraman
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, 624302, Dindigul, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Swetha Rasala
- CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, H92 W2TY, Ireland.
| | - Mathur Gopalakrishnan Sethuraman
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, 624302, Dindigul, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Niranjan G Kotla
- CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, H92 W2TY, Ireland.
| | - Yury Rochev
- CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, H92 W2TY, Ireland.
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18
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Tang S, Zhang H, Mei L, Dou K, Jiang Y, Sun Z, Wang S, Hasanin MS, Deng J, Zhou Q. Fucoidan-derived carbon dots against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm and infected dentinal tubules for the treatment of persistent endodontic infections. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:321. [PMID: 35836267 PMCID: PMC9281061 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilm-associated persistent endodontic infections (PEIs) are one of the most common tooth lesions, causing chronic periapical periodontitis, root resorption, and even tooth loss. Clinical root canal disinfectants have the risk of damaging soft tissues (e.g., mucosa and tongue) and teeth in the oral cavity, unsatisfactory to the therapy of PEIs. Nanomaterials with remarkable antibacterial properties and good biocompatibility have been developed as a promising strategy for removing pathogenic bacteria and related biofilm. Herein, carbon dots (CDs) derived from fucoidan (FD) are prepared through a one-pot hydrothermal method for the treatment of PEIs. The prepared FDCDs (7.15 nm) with sulfate groups and fluorescence property are well dispersed and stable in water. Further, it is found that in vitro FDCDs display excellent inhibiting effects on E. faecalis and its biofilm by inducing the formation of intracellular and extracellular reactive oxygen species and altering bacterial permeability. Importantly, the FDCDs penetrated the root canals and dentinal tubules, removing located E. faecalis biofilm. Moreover, the cellular assays show that the developed FDCDs have satisfactory cytocompatibility and promote macrophage recruitment. Thus, the developed FDCDs hold great potential for the management of PEIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Tang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Dental Digital Medicine & 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Li Mei
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Keke Dou
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhanyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Seaweed Substances, Qingdao Bright Moon Seaweed Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao, 266400, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Mohamed Sayed Hasanin
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jing Deng
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Dental Digital Medicine & 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Qihui Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China. .,University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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19
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Phan LMT, Cho S. Fluorescent Carbon Dot-Supported Imaging-Based Biomedicine: A Comprehensive Review. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:9303703. [PMID: 35440939 PMCID: PMC9013550 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9303703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) provide distinctive advantages of strong fluorescence, good photostability, high water solubility, and outstanding biocompatibility, and thus are widely exploited as potential imaging agents for in vitro and in vivo bioimaging. Imaging is absolutely necessary when discovering the structure and function of cells, detecting biomarkers in diagnosis, tracking the progress of ongoing disease, treating various tumors, and monitoring therapeutic efficacy, making it an important approach in modern biomedicine. Numerous investigations of CDs have been intensively studied for utilization in bioimaging-supported medical sciences. However, there is still no article highlighting the potential importance of CD-based bioimaging to support various biomedical applications. Herein, we summarize the development of CDs as fluorescence (FL) nanoprobes with different FL colors for potential bioimaging-based applications in living cells, tissue, and organisms, including the bioimaging of various cell types and targets, bioimaging-supported sensing of metal ions and biomolecules, and FL imaging-guided tumor therapy. Current CD-based microscopic techniques and their advantages are also highlighted. This review discusses the significance of advanced CD-supported imaging-based in vitro and in vivo investigations, suggests the potential of CD-based imaging for biomedicine, and encourages the effective selection and development of superior probes and platforms for further biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Minh Tu Phan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Danang, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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20
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Sonsin AF, Silva ECO, Marques ALX, Silva LVAT, Nascimento SMS, Souza ST, Borbely AU, Barbosa CDAES, Fonseca EJS. Tuning the photoluminescence by engineering surface states/size of S, N co-doped carbon dots for cellular imaging applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:235708. [PMID: 35189601 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac56f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this research, we have synthesized carbon dots (CDs) co-doped with nitrogen and sulfur by facile hydrothermal method, using citric acid and cysteine as carbon source. The effect of solid-state thermic treatment (STT) at 303-453 K on the size, surface, fluorescence and cellular cytotoxicity of the CDs were systematically investigated. Through a simple STT, it was possible to tune surface states and the average size of the CDs, causing a permanent red shift. Initially, CDs showed a decrease in cell viability with increasing concentration. However, after STT, its viability remained constant with an increase in concentration. Here, we show the possibility to label the cells cytoplasm according to the CDs fluorescence emission before (blue emission) and after STT (red emission). The CDs studied in this paper show selective luminescence properties, which are fundamental for any cell imaging application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur F Sonsin
- Optics and Nanoscopy Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Elaine C O Silva
- Optics and Nanoscopy Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Aldilane L X Marques
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota S/n, 57072-970, Maceio, Brazil
| | - Lais V A T Silva
- Optics and Nanoscopy Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Sendy M S Nascimento
- Optics and Nanoscopy Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Samuel T Souza
- Optics and Nanoscopy Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre U Borbely
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota S/n, 57072-970, Maceio, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo J S Fonseca
- Optics and Nanoscopy Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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21
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Sawalha S, Assali M, Nasasrah A, Salman M, Nasasrah M, Jitan M, Hilal HS, Zyuod A. Optical properties and photoactivity of carbon nanodots synthesized from olive solid wastes at different carbonization temperatures. RSC Adv 2022; 12:4490-4500. [PMID: 35425496 PMCID: PMC8981074 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09273a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanodots (CNDs) have many fascinating properties, such as optical properties (UV-Visible absorption and fluorescence emission), which make them good candidates in many applications, such as photocatalysts for the degradation of several organic pollutants. This study aims to synthesize CNDs from olive solid wastes at different carbonization temperatures from 300 to 900 °C and study the effect on the optical properties of the CNDs, such UV-Vis, fluorescence, quantum yield, and energy bandgap, in addition to the influence on the photoactivity of the CNDs as photocatalysts for the degradation of methylene blue (MB). CNDs were prepared from olive solid wastes (OSWs) by pyrolysis at different temperatures (300-900 °C) for conversion to carbonized material, and then oxidized chemically in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). It was found that an increase in the carbonization temperature of the OSWs leads to an increase in the product yield with a maximum value at 500 °C, and it then decreased dramatically. On the other hand, a decrease in fluorescence due to the diminishment of oxygen groups and the destruction of the surface of the CNDs was observed. The higher quantum yield (5.17%) and bandgap (2.77 eV) were achieved for CNDs prepared from OSWs that carbonized at 300 °C. The rate and degradation efficiency of MB were studied with the different synthesized CNDs, and it was found that an increase in the carbonization temperature leads to a decrease in the rate and degradation efficiency of MB, with the highest degradation rate of 0.0575 min-1 and degradation efficiency of 100% after 120 minutes of light irradiation being realized for the sample carbonized at 300 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Sawalha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, An-Najah National University Nablus Palestine
| | - Mohyeddin Assali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An Najah National University Nablus Palestine
| | - Ameerah Nasasrah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, An-Najah National University Nablus Palestine
| | - Maha Salman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, An-Najah National University Nablus Palestine
| | - Majd Nasasrah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, An-Najah National University Nablus Palestine
| | - Madleen Jitan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, An-Najah National University Nablus Palestine
| | - Hikmat S Hilal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University Nablus Palestine
| | - Ahed Zyuod
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University Nablus Palestine
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22
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Preparation of boronic acid-modified polymer dots under mild conditions and their applications in pH and glucose detection. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 189:36. [PMID: 34951680 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05137-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, boronic acid-modified polymer dots (B-PDs) were fabricated by a "synthesis-modification integration" route using polyethylenimine (PEI) and phenylboronic acid as precursors. Under optimized preparation conditions, the B-PDs exhibited an average size of 2.2 nm, good water solubility, and high fluorescence quantum yield of 8.69%. The B-PDs showed reversible fluorescence response in acid solutions (blue emissions) and alkaline solutions (green emissions). The fluorescence emissions of B-PDs demonstrated an obvious red shift with varying the pH value from 1 - 13. Moreover, glucose could assemble on the surface of B-PDs due to the reversible reaction between boronic acid and cis-diols, which resulted in a blue shift of emission wavelength and an obvious increase of FL intensity at λex = 380 nm based on the aggregation-induced enhancement effect. The glucose sensing method was thus developed in the range 0.0001 - 1.0 mol L-1. Applications to real human blood and glucose injection samples demonstrated satisfactory results. The B-PDs based on the analytical method display good selectivity, wide detection range, and simplicity in preparation and detection, implying promising applications as a practical platform for biosensing.
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23
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Das P, Ganguly S, Margel S, Gedanken A. Tailor made magnetic nanolights: fabrication to cancer theranostics applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:6762-6796. [PMID: 36132370 PMCID: PMC9419279 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00447f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles having magnetic and fluorescent properties could be considered as a gift to materials scientists due to their unique magneto-optical qualities. Multiple component particles can overcome challenges related with a single component and unveil bifunctional/multifunctional features that can enlarge their applications in diagnostic imaging agents and therapeutic delivery vehicles. Bifunctional nanoparticles that have both luminescent and magnetic features are termed as magnetic nanolights. Herein, we present recent progress of magneto-fluorescent nanoparticles (quantum dots based magnetic nanoparticles, Janus particles, and heterocrystalline fluorescent magnetic materials), comprehensively describing fabrication strategies, types, and biomedical applications. In this review, our aim is not only to encompass the preparation strategies of these special types of magneto-fluorescent nanomaterials but also their extensive applications in bioimaging techniques, cancer therapy (targeted and hyperthermic), and sustained release of active agents (drugs, proteins, antibodies, hormones, enzymes, growth factors).
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Affiliation(s)
- Poushali Das
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
- Departments of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
| | - Sayan Ganguly
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
- Departments of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
| | - Shlomo Margel
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
- Departments of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
| | - Aharon Gedanken
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
- Departments of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
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Rashidi E, Esfandiari N, Ranjbar Z, Alvandi N, Fatahi Z. Designing of a pH-activatable carbon dots as a luminescent nanoprobe for recognizing folate receptor-positive cancer cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:075103. [PMID: 34757959 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac385b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
During recent years, cancer has been recognized as a well-known disorder all over the world. One of the important factors to tackle this problem better than past decades is early diagnosis that takes into practice by state-of-the-art visual equipment for detection cancer cells. Herein, in this research, we synthesized carbon dots with pH-dependent behavior from a green source by hydrothermal method with high quantum yield and blue fluorescence. Folic acid-conjugated carbon dots by an efficient and optimal conjugation method were set upped which determined cancer cells visually. These synthesized and conjugated nanoparticles entered into the cancer cells more comprehensive than normal cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis and could distinguish cancer cells from normal ones by fluorescence imaging. Ultimately, synthesized nanoparticles in this research can be considered as an efficient fluorescent nanoprobe for cancer pre-diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Rashidi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Esfandiari
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ranjbar
- Institute for Color Science and Technology (ICST), Department of Surface Coatings and Novel Technologies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikta Alvandi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Fatahi
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Development of novel blue emissive carbon dots for sensitive detection of dual metal ions and their potential applications in bioimaging and chelation therapy. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Maruthapandi M, Saravanan A, Das P, Luong JHT, Gedanken A. Microbial inhibition and biosensing with multifunctional carbon dots: Progress and perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 53:107843. [PMID: 34624454 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) and their doped counterparts including nitrogen-doped CDs (N@CDs) have been synthesized by bottom-up or top-down approaches from different precursors. The attractiveness of such emerging 2D‑carbon-based nanosized materials is attributed to their excellent biocompatibility, preparation, aqueous dispersibility, and functionality. The antimicrobial, optical, and electrochemical properties of CDs have been advocated for two important biotechnological applications: bacterial eradication and sensing/biosensing. CDs as well as N@CDs act as antimicrobial agents as their surfaces encompass functional hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino groups that generate free radicals. As a new class of photoluminescent nanomaterials, CDs can be employed in diversified analytics. CDs with surface carboxyl or amino groups form nanocomposites with nanomaterials or be conjugated with biorecognition molecules toward the development of sensors/biosensors. The deployment of conductive CDs in electrochemical sensing has also increased significantly because of their quantum size, excellent biocompatibility, enzyme-mimicking activity, and high surface area. The review also addresses the ongoing challenges and promises of CDs in pathogenesis and analytics. Perspectives on the future possibilities include the use of CDs in microbial viability assay, wound healing, antiviral therapy, and medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moorthy Maruthapandi
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Arumugam Saravanan
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Poushali Das
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - John H T Luong
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Aharon Gedanken
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
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Gupta S, Kumar P, Rathi B, Verma V, Dhanda RS, Devi P, Yadav M. Targeting of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli papG gene using CRISPR-dot nanocomplex reduced virulence of UPEC. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17801. [PMID: 34493749 PMCID: PMC8423837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most common infectious diseases in the world. It is becoming increasingly tough to treat because of emergence of antibiotic resistance. So, there is an exigency to develop novel anti-virulence therapeutics to combat multi-drug resistance pathogenic strains. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) discovery has revolutionized the gene editing technology for targeted approach. The greatest obstacle for CRISPR/Cas9 is cargo delivery systems and both viral and plasmid methods have disadvantages. Here, we report a highly efficient novel CRISPR based gene editing strategy, CRISPR-dots for targeting virulence factor Fimbrial Adhesion (papG gene), the bacterial adhesion molecule. Carbon quantum dots (CQD) were used as a delivery vehicle for Cas9 and gRNA into CFT073, a UPEC strain. CQDs were covalently conjugated to cas9 and papG-targeted guide RNA (gRNA) forming a nanocomplex CRISPR-dots (Cri-dots) as confirmed by DLS and transmission electron microscopy. Cri-dots-papG significantly targeted papG as demonstrated by decrease in the expression of papG.Further papG deficient UPEC had significantly reduced adherence ability and biofilm forming ability as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Also, papG deficient UPEC had reduced virulence as shown by significantly increased survival of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) worms compared to UPEC. Our findings suggest that targeting of papG gene using Cri-dots nanocomplexes significantly reduced the pathogenicity of UPEC. Thus, Cri-dots nanocomplex offer a novel anti-bacterial strategy against multi-drug resistant UPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Gupta
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Parveen Kumar
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Hugh Kaul Genetics Building, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bhawna Rathi
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Verma
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Pooja Devi
- CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector-30C, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manisha Yadav
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
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Das P, Ganguly S, Saha A, Noked M, Margel S, Gedanken A. Carbon-Dots-Initiated Photopolymerization: An In Situ Synthetic Approach for MXene/Poly(norepinephrine)/Copper Hybrid and its Application for Mitigating Water Pollution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:31038-31050. [PMID: 34167297 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The current work presents a facile and green synthesis of carbon quantum dots (C-dots), which could serve as initiators for polymerization. Herein, C-dots have been synthesized from an easily available green herb, dill leaves, by a single-step hydrothermal method. These C-dots were efficiently utilized as initiators for the photopolymerization of the polymer poly(norepinephrine) (PNE) for the first time. The photopolymerization is discussed by a factorial design, and the optimized synthesis conditions were evaluated by a third-order regression model of three reaction parameters: monomer concentration, C-dots concentration, and UV exposure time. The sign convention of the factorial design mode indicated that monomer concentration and time of exposure are the most important factors for polymerization. The photopolymerized poly(norepinephrine) was extensively studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), mass spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle measurement, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). UV-assisted deposition of PNE on six different types of substrates was performed, and their water contact angle and surface morphology were studied to evaluate the coating. This UV-triggered polymerization technique was further applied to fabricate sandwich-like composite catalyst MXene/poly(norepinephrine)/copper nanoparticles. This catalyst displayed good performance in the reduction of 4-NP (4-nitrophenol) at ambient temperature, and the first-order rate constant of the catalysis was 9.39 × 10-3 s-1. The reusability of the catalyst was evaluated in terms of the conversion factor. After 10 catalytic cycles, the conversion to catalyze 4-NP was still greater than 91%. The catalytic performance was also evaluated in the continuous flow condition through a membrane, fabricated from a cellulose filter paper coated with MXene/poly(norepinephrine)/copper nanoparticles. This composite catalyst not only offers a practical mode for the catalytic reaction of MXene-based materials but also lays down the foundation for the development of new catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poushali Das
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Departments of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Sayan Ganguly
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Departments of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Arka Saha
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Departments of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Malachi Noked
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Departments of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Shlomo Margel
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Departments of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Aharon Gedanken
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Departments of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
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Abstract
Graphene quantum dots, carbon nanomaterials with excellent fluorescence characteristics, are advantageous for use in biological systems owing to their small size, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility. We used the hydrothermal method to prepare functional N-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) from 1,3,6-trinitropyrene and analyzed their ability to fluorescently stain various bacteria. Our results showed that N-CQDs stain the cell septa and membrane of the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonellaenteritidis, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus and the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. The optimal concentration of N-CQDs was approximately 500 ppm for Gram-negative bacteria and 1000 ppm for Gram-positive bacteria, and the exposure times varied with bacteria. N-Doped carbon quantum dots have better light stability and higher photobleaching resistance than the commercially available FM4-64. When excited at two different wavelengths, N-CQDs can emit light of both red and green wavelengths, making them ideal for bioimaging. They can also specifically stain Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cell membranes. We developed an inexpensive, relatively easy, and bio-friendly method to synthesize an N-CQD composite. Additionally, they can serve as a universal bacterial membrane-staining dye, with better photobleaching resistance than commercial dyes.
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Das P, Ganguly S, Margel S, Gedanken A. Immobilization of Heteroatom-Doped Carbon Dots onto Nonpolar Plastics for Antifogging, Antioxidant, and Food Monitoring Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:3508-3520. [PMID: 33705147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the facile synthesis of heteroatom-doped fluorescent carbon quantum dots (C-dots), which could serve as an antioxidant. Herein, nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur codoped carbon dots (NPSC-dots) have been synthesized by a single-step hydrothermal strategy. Owing to the radical scavenging activity of the NPSC-dots, they were tested against several methods as well as in practical applications. The antioxidant ability of the NPSC-dots was efficiently utilized on plastic films by coating with these NPSC-dots. For the very first time, NPSC-dots were immobilized onto nonpolar plastic films (polypropylene) via photochemical covalent grafting to extend the shelf life of food items or storage without affecting the quality of plastic films. The NPSC-dot-coated PP film with negligible deterioration of transparency was extensively studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle measurement, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The fluorescent character, antioxidant ability, and durability under different solvent systems of the coated film were examined. Also, the coated films were extensively and rigorously evaluated against simulated drastic environmental conditions to ensure the durability and antifogging application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poushali Das
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Departments of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Sayan Ganguly
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Departments of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Shlomo Margel
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Departments of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Aharon Gedanken
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Departments of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
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Abstract
Aim: Several types of nanocarriers, most of which show significant cytotoxicity, have been developed to overcome the problem of gene-delivery barriers. Biocompatibility, low toxicity and water solubility of carbon nanodots (CNDs) are major advantages that recommend them as delivery systems. Materials & methods: We present a simple method to produce positively charged CNDs. Ethanolamine, ethylenediamine and hydrogen peroxide were utilized to synthesize these CNDs. Results & conclusion: Our results indicated that delivery of the CND-siGFP complex led to significant switching-off of the fluorescence of the GFP-expressing A549 cell. Next, the A549 cells were transfected with siRNA against BiP, which is a pivotal protein in the chemotherapy resistance of cancer cells. The expression levels of BiP decreased remarkably.
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Green Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Echinochloa stagnina Extract with Reference to Their Antibacterial, Cytotoxic, and Larvicidal Activities. BIONANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-021-00846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Saravanan A, Maruthapandi M, Das P, Luong JHT, Gedanken A. Green Synthesis of Multifunctional Carbon Dots with Antibacterial Activities. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:369. [PMID: 33540607 PMCID: PMC7912860 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) were obtained from medicinal turmeric leaves (Curcuma longa) by a facile one-step hydrothermal method and evaluated for their bactericidal activities against two gram-negative; Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and two gram-positive counterparts; Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis. The CDs exhibited spherical shapes with a mean size of 2.6 nm. The fluorescence spectra of CDs revealed intense fluorescence at λex/em = 362/429 nm with a bright blue color in an aqueous solution. The CDs showed strong photostability under various environmental conditions (pH, salt, and UV-radiation). The complete bactericidal potency of CDs was 0.25 mg/mL for E.coli and S. aureus after 8 h of exposure, while for K. pneumoniae, and S. epidermidis, the CDs at 0.5 mg/mL good antibacterial effect within 8 h and complete eradication after 24 h of exposure is observed. The release of reactive oxygen species played a crucial role in the death of the bacterial cell. The present study provides a strategy for the preparation of CDs from a medicinal plant and their potential antibacterial activities against four common contagious pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Saravanan
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel; (A.S.); (M.M.); (P.D.)
| | - Moorthy Maruthapandi
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel; (A.S.); (M.M.); (P.D.)
| | - Poushali Das
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel; (A.S.); (M.M.); (P.D.)
| | - John H. T. Luong
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Aharon Gedanken
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel; (A.S.); (M.M.); (P.D.)
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Sonsin AF, Nascimento SMS, Albuquerque IMB, Silva ECO, Rocha JCA, Oliveira RS, Barbosa CDAES, Souza ST, Fonseca EJS. Temperature-dependence on the optical properties of chitosan carbon dots in the solid state. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2767-2773. [PMID: 35424233 PMCID: PMC8693838 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07779h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis of chitosan-derived aminated carbon dots with dual fluorescence bands and their influence on the morphology, absorption and emission spectral profiles as well as on the band gap energy in relation to thermal treatment after synthesis. To unravel these changes, we performed spectroscopic measurements in the solid state on two stages at temperatures ranging from 303 to 453 K. For the first heating stage, the emission spectrum showed a 20 nm red shift and a new absorption band at 350 nm, possibly related to new bonds and/or nitrogenous molecular fractions. For the second heating stage in the same temperature range, no displacements in the emission spectrum were observed and both the energy gap and bandwidths for the two emission bands are practically constant, indicating a change nitrogen moiety exposed on the surface. Furthermore, through atomic force microscopy it was noted that the morphology and size of the CDs were not significantly affected by the increase in temperature. It is noteworthy that the values of the Huang-Rhys factor, respectively, 2.584 × 10-10 and 2.315 × 10-9 for band I and II emission after the second heating indicate a mechanism of weak electron-phonon interactions. This work may open a novel perspective for the development of new surface modulation strategies for carbon dots subjected to thermal treatment in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur F Sonsin
- Optics and Nanoscopy Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL) 57072-970 Maceió Alagoas Brazil
| | - Sendy M S Nascimento
- Optics and Nanoscopy Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL) 57072-970 Maceió Alagoas Brazil
| | - Itiara Mayra B Albuquerque
- Optics and Nanoscopy Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL) 57072-970 Maceió Alagoas Brazil
| | - Elaine C O Silva
- Optics and Nanoscopy Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL) 57072-970 Maceió Alagoas Brazil
| | - José Carlos A Rocha
- Optics and Nanoscopy Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL) 57072-970 Maceió Alagoas Brazil
| | - Raissa S Oliveira
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL) 57072-970 Maceió Alagoas Brazil
| | | | - Samuel T Souza
- Optics and Nanoscopy Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL) 57072-970 Maceió Alagoas Brazil
| | - Eduardo J S Fonseca
- Optics and Nanoscopy Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL) 57072-970 Maceió Alagoas Brazil
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Singla N, Ahmad M, Dhiman S, Kumar G, Singh S, Verma S, Kaur S, Rashid M, Kaur S, Luxami V, Singh P, Kumar S. An ESIPT based versatile fluorescent probe for bioimaging live-cells and E. coli under strongly acidic conditions. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03933d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A BTNN probe undergoes a 146 times increase in fluorescence intensity at 530 nm on lowering the pH from 7.0 to 2.0 and has been deployed for the bioimaging of MG-63 live cells and E. coli bacteria at different pH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Singla
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar–143005, India
| | - Manzoor Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar–143005, India
| | - Sukhvinder Dhiman
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar–143005, India
| | - Gulshan Kumar
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala-147004, India
| | - Siloni Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environment Science, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Shagun Verma
- Department of Botanical and Environment Science, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environment Science, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Muzamil Rashid
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Sukhraj Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Vijay Luxami
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala-147004, India
| | - Prabhpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar–143005, India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar–143005, India
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36
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Ang WL, Boon Mee CAL, Sambudi NS, Mohammad AW, Leo CP, Mahmoudi E, Ba-Abbad M, Benamor A. Microwave-assisted conversion of palm kernel shell biomass waste to photoluminescent carbon dots. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21199. [PMID: 33273663 PMCID: PMC7712893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78322-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, palm kernel shell (PKS) biomass waste has been used as a low-cost and easily available precursor to prepare carbon dots (CDs) via microwave irradiation method. The impacts of the reacting medium: water and diethylene glycol (DEG), and irradiation period, as well as the presence of chitosan on the CDs properties, have been investigated. The synthesized CDs were characterized by several physical and optical analyses. The performance of the CDs in terms of bacteria cell imaging and copper (II) ions sensing and removal were also explored. All the CDs possessed a size of 6-7 nm in diameter and the presence of hydroxyl and alkene functional groups indicated the successful transformation of PKS into CDs with carbon core consisting of C = C elementary unit. The highest quantum yield (44.0%) obtained was from the CDs synthesised with DEG as the reacting medium at irradiation period of 1 min. It was postulated that the high boiling point of DEG resulted in a complete carbonisation of PKS into CDs. Subsequently, the absorbance intensity and photoluminescence intensity were also much higher compared to other precursor formulation. All the CDs fluoresced in the bacteria culture, and fluorescence quenching occurred in the presence of heavy metal ions. These showed the potential of CDs synthesised from PKS could be used for cellular imaging and detection as well as removal of heavy metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lun Ang
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Cheldclos A L Boon Mee
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Nonni Soraya Sambudi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
- Center for Advanced Integrated Membrane System (AIMS), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Wahab Mohammad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Choe Peng Leo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ebrahim Mahmoudi
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Muneer Ba-Abbad
- Gas Processing Centre, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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Natural polysaccharide derived carbon dot based in situ facile green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Synergistic effect on breast cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1605-1615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Caglayan MO, Mindivan F, Şahin S. Sensor and Bioimaging Studies Based on Carbon Quantum Dots: The Green Chemistry Approach. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:814-847. [PMID: 33054365 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1828029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Since carbon quantum dots have high photoluminescent efficiency, it has been a desired material in sensor and bioimaging applications. In recent years, the green chemistry approach has been preferred and the production of quantum dots has been reported in many studies using different precursors from natural, abundant, or waste sources. Hydrothermal, chemical oxidation, microwave supported, ultrasonic, solvothermal, pyrolysis, laser etching, solid-state, plasma, and electrochemical methods have been reported in the literature. In this review article, green chemistry strategies for carbon quantum dot synthesis is summarized and compared with conventional methods using methodologic and statistical data. Furthermore, a detailed discussion on sensor and bioimaging applications of carbon quantum dots produced with green synthesis approaches are presented with a special focus on the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Oguzhan Caglayan
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Ferda Mindivan
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Samet Şahin
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
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Paul S, Banerjee SL, Khamrai M, Samanta S, Singh S, Kundu PP, Ghosh AK. Hydrothermal synthesis of gelatin quantum dots for high-performance biological imaging applications. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 212:112014. [PMID: 33045531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we are reporting a one-pot synthesis of gelatin quantum dots (GeQDs) by the hydrothermal process. The synthesized GeQDs were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet-visible and photoluminescence spectroscopic techniques, and also by using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The GeQDs showed a high level of photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) with significantly higher stability for up to 6 months and presented similar fluorescent intensity as the initial PLQY without any precipitation and aggregation at ambient condition. The cell imaging ability of synthesized GeQDs was examined using cells belonging to diverse clinical backgrounds like bacterial cells including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, yeast cells including Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis, mycelial fungi including Aspergillus flavus and A. fumigatus cells, cancer cell lines A549, HEK293 and L929. The results demonstrated that the GeQDs illuminates the cells and can be utilized as potential cell labeling non-toxic biomarkers. In conclusion, it can be said that the gelatin stabilized QDs are a promising candidate for stable and long-term fluorescent imaging of different types of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Paul
- Department of medical microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sovan Lal Banerjee
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science & Technology, 92 A. P. C. Road, University of Calcutta, Kolkata-700009, India
| | - Moumita Khamrai
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science & Technology, 92 A. P. C. Road, University of Calcutta, Kolkata-700009, India
| | - Sarthik Samanta
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science & Technology, 92 A. P. C. Road, University of Calcutta, Kolkata-700009, India
| | - Shreya Singh
- Department of medical microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Patit Paban Kundu
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science & Technology, 92 A. P. C. Road, University of Calcutta, Kolkata-700009, India
| | - Anup K Ghosh
- Department of medical microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Alafeef M, Moitra P, Pan D. Nano-enabled sensing approaches for pathogenic bacterial detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112276. [PMID: 32729465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria, especially antibiotic-resistant bacteria, are one of the biggest threats to global health. To date, bacterial contamination is detected using conventional culturing techniques, which are highly dependent on expert users, limited by the processing time and on-site availability. Hence, real-time and continuous monitoring of pathogen levels is required to obtain valuable information that could assist health agencies in guiding prevention and containment of pathogen-related outbreaks. Nanotechnology-based smart sensors are opening new avenues for early and rapid detection of such pathogens at the patient's point-of-care. Nanomaterials can play an essential role in bacterial sensing owing to their unique optical, magnetic, and electrical properties. Carbon nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, and various types of nanocomposites are examples of smart nanomaterials that have drawn intense attention in the field of microbial detection. These approaches, together with the advent of modern technologies and coupled with machine learning and wireless communication, represent the future trend in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. This review provides an overview of the recent advancements in the successful harnessing of different nanoparticles for bacterial detection. In the beginning, we have introduced the fundamental concepts and mechanisms behind the design and strategies of the nanoparticles-based diagnostic platform. Representative research efforts are highlighted for in vitro and in vivo detection of bacteria. A comprehensive discussion is then presented to cover the most commonly adopted techniques for bacterial identification, including some seminal studies to detect bacteria at the single-cell level. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and a prospective outlook on the field, together with the recommended solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Alafeef
- Bioengineering Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States; Biomedical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, 670 W Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - Parikshit Moitra
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, 670 W Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, 670 W Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Bioengineering Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, 670 W Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, 670 W Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States; Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hiltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, United States.
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Karahan HE, Ji M, Pinilla JL, Han X, Mohamed A, Wang L, Wang Y, Zhai S, Montoya A, Beyenal H, Chen Y. Biomass-derived nanocarbon materials for biological applications: challenges and prospects. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:9668-9678. [PMID: 33000843 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01027h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biomass-derived nanocarbons (BNCs) have attracted significant research interests due to their promising economic and environmental benefits. Following their extensive uses in physical and chemical research domains, BNCs are now growing in biological applications. However, their practical biological applications are still in their infancy, requiring critical evaluations and strategic directions, which are provided in this review. The carbonization of biomass sources and major types of BNCs are introduced, encompassing carbon nanodots, nanofibres, nanotubes, and graphenes. Next, essential biological uses of BNCs, antibacterial/antibiofilm materials (nanofibres and nanodots) and bioimaging agents (predominantly nanodots), are summarized. Furthermore, the future potential of BNCs, for designing wound dressing/healing materials, water and air disinfection platforms, and microbial electrochemical systems, is discussed. We reach the conclusion that a crucial challenge is the structural control of BNCs. Furthermore, a key knowledge gap for realizing practical biological applications is the lack of systematic comparisons of BNCs with nanocarbons of synthetic origin in the current literature. Although we did not attempt to perform an exhaustive literature survey, the evaluation of the existing results indicates that BNCs are promising as easily accessible materials for various biomedically and environmentally relevant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Enis Karahan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore.
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Bhattacharyya SK, Dule M, Paul R, Dash J, Anas M, Mandal TK, Das P, Das NC, Banerjee S. Carbon Dot Cross-Linked Gelatin Nanocomposite Hydrogel for pH-Sensing and pH-Responsive Drug Delivery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5662-5674. [PMID: 33320568 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of therapeutics to the intestinal region bypassing the harsh acidic environment of the stomach has long been a research focus. On the other hand, monitoring a system's pH during drug delivery is a crucial diagnosis factor as the activity and release rate of many therapeutics depend on it. This study answered both of these issues by fabricating a novel nanocomposite hydrogel for intestinal drug delivery and near-neutral pH sensing at the same time. Gelatin nanocomposites (GNCs) with varying concentrations of carbon dots (CDs) were fabricated through simple solvent casting methods. Here, CDs served a dual role and simultaneously acted as a cross-linker and chromophore, which reduced the usage of toxic cross-linkers. The proposed GNC hydrogel sample acted as an excellent pH sensor in the near-neutral pH range and could be useful for quantitative pH measurement. A model antibacterial drug (cefadroxil) was used for the in vitro drug release study at gastric pH (1.2) and intestinal pH (7.4) conditions. A moderate and sustained drug release profile was noticed at pH 7.4 in comparison to the acidic medium over a 24 h study. The drug release profile revealed that the pH of the release medium and the percentage of CDs cross-linking influenced the drug release rate. Release data were compared with different empirical equations for the evaluation of drug release kinetics and found good agreement with the Higuchi model. The antibacterial activity of cefadroxil was assessed by the broth microdilution method and found to be retained and not hindered by the drug entrapment procedure. The cell viability assay showed that all of the hydrogel samples, including the drug-loaded GNC hydrogel, offered acceptable cytocompatibility and nontoxicity. All of these observations illustrated that GNC hydrogel could act as an ideal pH-monitoring and oral drug delivery system in near-neutral pH at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madhab Dule
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Raj Paul
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Jyotirmayee Dash
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Md Anas
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Mandal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Poushali Das
- School of Nano Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Narayan Chandra Das
- School of Nano Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.,Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Susanta Banerjee
- School of Nano Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.,Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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Hak CH, Leong KH, Chin YH, Saravanan P, Tan ST, Chong WC, Sim LC. Water hyacinth derived carbon quantum dots and g-C3N4 composites for sunlight driven photodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2840-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Saraeva I, Kudryashov SI, Danilov P, Busleev N, Tolordava ER, Rudenko AA, Zayarny D, Ionin A, Romanova YM. Polarization-Sensitive Surface-Enhanced In Situ Photoluminescence Spectroscopy of S. aureus Bacteria on Gold Nanospikes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E2466. [PMID: 32349257 PMCID: PMC7250023 DOI: 10.3390/s20092466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report the possibility of a time-resolved bacterial live/dead dynamics observation with the use of plasmonic nanospikes. Sharp nanospikes, fabricated on a 500-nm thick gold film by laser ablation with the use of 1030-nm femtosecond pulses, were tested as potential elements for antibacterial surfaces and plasmonic luminescence sensors. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were stained by a live/dead viability kit, with the dead microorganisms acquiring the red colour, caused by the penetration of the luminescent dye propidium iodide through the damaged cell membrane. Photoluminescence was pumped by 515-nm femtosecond laser pulses with linear (Gaussian beam), circular, azimuthal and radial (Laguerre-Gaussian beam) polarizations, exciting the transverse plasmon resonance of the nanospikes and their apex lightning-rod near-field. According to the numerical electrodynamic modeling, the observed strong increase in the photoluminescence yield for radial polarization, while slightly lower for circular and azimuthal polarizations, compared with the low luminescence intensities for the linear laser polarization, was related to their different laser-nanospike coupling efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Saraeva
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.I.K.); (P.D.); (N.B.); (E.R.T.); (A.A.R.); (D.Z.); (A.I.)
| | - Sergey I. Kudryashov
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.I.K.); (P.D.); (N.B.); (E.R.T.); (A.A.R.); (D.Z.); (A.I.)
- Faculty of Photonics, ITMO University, Kronverkskiy Prospect 49, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pavel Danilov
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.I.K.); (P.D.); (N.B.); (E.R.T.); (A.A.R.); (D.Z.); (A.I.)
| | - Nikolay Busleev
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.I.K.); (P.D.); (N.B.); (E.R.T.); (A.A.R.); (D.Z.); (A.I.)
| | - Eteri R. Tolordava
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.I.K.); (P.D.); (N.B.); (E.R.T.); (A.A.R.); (D.Z.); (A.I.)
- N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamalei Street 18, 123098 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Andrey A. Rudenko
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.I.K.); (P.D.); (N.B.); (E.R.T.); (A.A.R.); (D.Z.); (A.I.)
| | - Dmitriy Zayarny
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.I.K.); (P.D.); (N.B.); (E.R.T.); (A.A.R.); (D.Z.); (A.I.)
| | - Andrey Ionin
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.I.K.); (P.D.); (N.B.); (E.R.T.); (A.A.R.); (D.Z.); (A.I.)
| | - Yulia M. Romanova
- N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamalei Street 18, 123098 Moscow, Russia;
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Li L, Shi L, Jia J, Jiao Y, Gao Y, Liu Y, Dong C, Shuang S. "On-off-on" detection of Fe 3+ and F -, biological imaging, and its logic gate operation based on excitation-independent blue-fluorescent carbon dots. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 227:117716. [PMID: 31707023 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescent nanoprobe based on carbon dots (CDs) has been facilely synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal pyrolysis of salicylic acid and utilized for the sequential detection of Fe3+ and F- in vitro. The fluorescence of CDs can be extinguished dramatically by Fe3+ based on static quenching and subsequently recovery upon addition of F- due to the formation of stabler FeF3. The probe exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity toward Fe3+ and F- with a good linearity in the range of 10-300 μM and 0.1-200 μM, respectively, and a low detection limit of 52 nM and 8.5 nM, respectively. More importantly, as-prepared CDs with exceedingly fluorescence stability, negligible toxicity and superior biocompatibility have been expanded for detection Fe3+ and F- in living cell and Escherichia coli. Furthermore, an "AND" logic gate based on as-obtained CDs has been constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Environmental Science and Engineering Research, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Environmental Science and Engineering Research, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Jing Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Environmental Science and Engineering Research, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yuan Jiao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Environmental Science and Engineering Research, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yifang Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Environmental Science and Engineering Research, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Chuan Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Environmental Science and Engineering Research, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Shaomin Shuang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Environmental Science and Engineering Research, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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Anand A, Manavalan G, Mandal RP, Chang HT, Chiou YR, Huang CC. Carbon Dots for Bacterial Detection and Antibacterial Applications-A Minireview. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4848-4860. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191216150948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
:
The prevention and treatment of various infections caused by microbes through antibiotics are becoming
less effective due to antimicrobial resistance. Researches are focused on antimicrobial nanomaterials to inhibit
bacterial growth and destroy the cells, to replace conventional antibiotics. Recently, carbon dots (C-Dots) become
attractive candidates for a wide range of applications, including the detection and treatment of pathogens. In addition
to low toxicity, ease of synthesis and functionalization, and high biocompatibility, C-Dots show excellent
optical properties such as multi-emission, high brightness, and photostability. C-Dots have shown great potential
in various fields, such as biosensing, nanomedicine, photo-catalysis, and bioimaging. This review focuses on the
origin and synthesis of various C-Dots with special emphasis on bacterial detection, the antibacterial effect of CDots,
and their mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Anand
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Gopinathan Manavalan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | | | - Huan-Tsung Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Chiou
- Institute of Photonics, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Huang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
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Chandrasekaran P, Arul V, Sethuraman MG. Ecofriendly Synthesis of Fluorescent Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots from Coccinia grandis and its Efficient Catalytic Application in the Reduction of Methyl Orange. J Fluoresc 2019; 30:103-112. [PMID: 31865492 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-019-02474-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Facile and fast hydrothermal process for the synthesis of nitrogen doped carbon dots (N-CDs) from Coccinia grandis (C. grandis) extract is discussed here. The morphology of prepared N-CDs was characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) method. The optical properties of the prepared N-CDs were revealed by Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) and photoluminescence spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopic techniques were employed to examine the crystallinity and graphitization of prepared N-CDs. The nitrogen doping was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The prepared nitrogen doped carbon dots released blue fluorescence at 405 nm beneath the excitation of 310 nm. The prepared N-CDs influenced the catalytic performance of NaBH4 in the reduction of methyl orange. The rate constant for the reduction of organic dye (methyl orange) by NaBH4 in the presence of the prepared green catalyst was also determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchai Chandrasekaran
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu, 624 302, India
| | - Velusamy Arul
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu, 624 302, India
| | - Mathur Gopalakrishnan Sethuraman
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu, 624 302, India.
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Zhi B, Yao X, Cui Y, Orr G, Haynes CL. Synthesis, applications and potential photoluminescence mechanism of spectrally tunable carbon dots. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:20411-20428. [PMID: 31641702 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05028k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Due to the prominent characteristics of carbon-based luminescent nanostructures (known colloquially as carbon dots), such as inexpensive precursors, excellent hydrophilicity, low toxicity, and intrinsic fluorescence, these nanomaterials are regarded as potential candidates to replace traditional quantum dots in some applications. As such, research in the field of carbon dots has been increasing in recent years. In this mini-review, we summarize recent progress in studies of multicolor carbon dots focusing on potential photoluminescence (PL) mechanisms, strategies for effective syntheses, and applications in ion/molecule and temperature sensing, light emitting diodes and high-resolution bioimaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, USA.
| | - XiaoXiao Yao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, USA.
| | - Yi Cui
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Galya Orr
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Christy L Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, USA.
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Synthesis of dual-emissive carbon dots with a unique solvatochromism phenomenon. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 555:607-614. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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50
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Ganguly S, Das P, Das S, Ghorai U, Bose M, Ghosh S, Mondal M, Das AK, Banerjee S, Das NC. Microwave assisted green synthesis of Zwitterionic photolumenescent N-doped carbon dots: An efficient ‘on-off’ chemosensor for tracer Cr(+6) considering the inner filter effect and nano drug-delivery vector. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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