1
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Wankhede S, Pillai DS. Nature of instability in flow-driven porous anodic oxide. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2024; 34:073136. [PMID: 39038468 DOI: 10.1063/5.0215034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Self-organized porous anodic oxide films are formed by the electrochemical oxidation of reactive metal aluminum in acidic solutions in which the oxide is soluble. Recently, viscous flow models have shown using linear stability analysis that the instability results from a trade-off between the destabilizing effect of viscous flow of oxide and the stabilizing effect of oxide formation, which provides the wavelength selection mechanism for pattern formation. Anion adsorption on surface growth sites causes nonuniform compressive stress at the oxide-solution interface, which drives the flow. This anodic instability is analogous to the classical Marangoni instability induced by surface tension gradients. In this work, nature of the instability beyond the stability threshold is determined using a weakly nonlinear analysis. For the growth of well-developed pores beyond the threshold, a subcritical nature of the instability is essential. However, our weakly nonlinear analysis shows that the solutions emerging from neutral stability are supercritical in nature at all wavenumbers for the practical range of anodizing control parameters investigated. We also determine the region where the model is Hadamard stable, a necessary condition for well-posedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajal Wankhede
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Dipin S Pillai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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2
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Fu S, Liang Z, Qian X, Zhang W, Qiu Y, Ling X, Liu Q, Zhang D. Ultrawide Spectra Camouflage Coatings from Metallic Flake Powder. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27627-27639. [PMID: 38766902 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Ultrawide-spectra-compatible camouflage materials are imperative for military science and national security due to the continuous advancement of various sophisticated multispectral detectors. However, ultrawide spectra camouflage still has challenges, as the spectral requirements for different bands are disparate and even conflicting. This work demonstrates an ultrawide spectra camouflage material compatible with visible (VIS, 400-800 nm), infrared (IR, 3-5 and 8-14 μm), and microwave (S-Ku bands, 2-12 GHz). The carbon nanotubes adsorbed on porous anodic alumina/aluminum flake powder (CNTs@PAA/AFP) material for ultrawide spectra camouflage is composed of bioinspired porous alumina surface layers for low visible reflection and aluminum flake powder substrate for low infrared emissivity, while the surface of the porous alumina layers is loaded with carbon nanotubes for microwave absorption. Compared with previous low-emissivity materials, CNTs@PAA/AFP has omnidirectional low reflectance (Ravg = 0.29) and high gray scale (72%) in the visible band. Further, it exhibits low emissivity (ε3-5μm = 0.15 and ε8-14μm = 0.18) in the dual infrared atmospheric window, which reduces the infrared lock-on range by 59.6%/49.8% in the mid/far-infrared band at high temperatures (573 K). The infrared camouflage performance calculated from the radiation temperature of CNTs@PAA/AFP coatings is enhanced to over 65%, which is at least 4 times greater than that of its substrate. In addition, the CNTs@PAA/AFP coating achieves high microwave absorption (RLmin = -42.46 dB) and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB = 7.43 GHz) in the microwave band (S-Ku bands) due to the enhancement of interfacial polarization and conductive losses. This study may introduce new insight and feasible methods for multispectral manipulation, electromagnetic signal processing, and thermal management via bioinspired structural design and fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zudian Liang
- China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Xing Qian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Wang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yulun Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xin Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qinglei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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3
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Ku CA, Wu CC, Hung CW, Chung CK. Influence of Normal-to-High Anodizing Voltage on AAO Surface Hardness from 1050 Aluminum Alloy in Oxalic Acid. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:683. [PMID: 38930653 PMCID: PMC11206167 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) has been widely applied for the surface protection of electronic component packaging through a pore-sealing process, with the enhanced hardness value reaching around 400 Vickers hardness (HV). However, the traditional AAO fabrication at 0~10 °C for surface protection takes at least 3-6 h for the reaction or other complicated methods used for the pore-sealing process, including boiling-water sealing, oil sealing, or salt-compound sealing. With the increasing development of nanostructured AAO, there is a growing interest in improving hardness without pore sealing, in order to leverage the characteristics of porous AAO and surface protection properties simultaneously. Here, we investigate the effect of voltage on hardness under the same AAO thickness conditions in oxalic acid at room temperature from a normal level of 40 V to a high level of 100 V and found a positive correlation between surface hardness and voltage. The surface hardness values of AAO formed at 100 V reach about 423 HV without pore sealing in 30 min. By employing a hybrid pulse anodization (HPA) method, we are able to prevent the high-voltage burning effect and complete the anodization process at room temperature. The mechanism behind this can be explained by the porosity and photoluminescence (PL) intensity of AAO. For the same thickness of AAO from 40~100 V, increasing the anodizing voltage decreases both the porosity and PL intensity, indicating a reduction in pores, as well as anion and oxygen vacancy defects, due to rapid AAO growth. This reduction in defects in the AAO film leads to an increase in hardness, allowing us to significantly enhance AAO hardness without a pore-sealing process. This offers an effective hardness enhancement in AAO under economically feasible conditions for the application of hard coatings and protective films.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chen-Kuei Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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4
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Füredi M, Manzano CV, Marton A, Fodor B, Alvarez-Fernandez A, Guldin S. Beyond the Meso/Macroporous Boundary: Extending Capillary Condensation-Based Pore Size Characterization in Thin Films Through Tailored Adsorptives. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1420-1427. [PMID: 38290522 PMCID: PMC10860133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The characterization of thin films containing nanopores with diameters exceeding 50 nm poses significant challenges, especially when deploying sorption-based techniques. Conventional volumetric physisorption or mercury intrusion methods have limited applicability in thin films due to constraints in sample preparation and nondestructive testing. In this context, ellipsometric porosimetry represents a viable alternative, leveraging its optical sensitivity to thin films. With existing setups relying on the capillary condensation of volatile compounds such as water, applicability is typically restricted to pore dimensions <50 nm. In this study, we introduce two high-molar-mass hydrocarbon adsorptives, namely ethylbenzene and n-nonane. These adsorptives exhibit substantial potential in improving the accuracy of physisorption measurements beyond mesoporosity (i.e., >50 nm). Specifically, with n-nonane, applicability is extended up to 80 nm pores. Our measurement guidelines propose a nondestructive, expeditious (<60 min), low-pressure (<0.03 bar) approach to investigate nanoporous thin films with potential adaptability to diverse structural architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Füredi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
- Semilab
Co. Ltd., Prielle Kornélia u. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Cristina V. Manzano
- Instituto
de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, E-28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - András Marton
- Semilab
Co. Ltd., Prielle Kornélia u. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Fodor
- Semilab
Co. Ltd., Prielle Kornélia u. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alberto Alvarez-Fernandez
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC−UPV/EHU) −
Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Stefan Guldin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
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5
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Kushnir SE, Devyanina NP, Roslyakov IV, Lyskov NV, Stolyarov VS, Napolskii KS. Stained Glass Effect in Anodic Aluminum Oxide Formed in Selenic Acid. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:298-306. [PMID: 38166418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
A combination of the unique porous structure and physical and chemical properties of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) makes it widely used in cutting-edge areas of materials science and nanotechnology. Selenic acid electrolyte provides the ability to obtain AAO with low porosity and high optical transparency and thus is promising for the preparation of AAO photonic crystals (PhCs). Here, we show the influence of crystallographic orientation of Al on the electrochemical oxidation rate in 1 M H2SeO4 as well as on the growth rate, porosity, and the effective refractive index of AAO. The cyclic anodization regime is used to prepare AAO PhCs with photonic band gaps, their wavelength positions are used to measure the AAO growth rate. At an anodization voltage of 40-45 V, the growth rate varies by up to 22.6% with crystallographic orientation of Al grains, causing the stained glass effect, which can be seen with the naked eye.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nikolay V Lyskov
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medical Chemistry RAS, Chernogolovka, Moscow region 142432, Russia
| | - Vasily S Stolyarov
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- LPEM, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
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6
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Wang J, Li L, Sun H, Wang C. Asymmetric Nanoporous Alumina Membranes for Nanofluidic Osmotic Energy Conversion. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300876. [PMID: 37886875 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The potential of harnessing osmotic energy from the interaction between seawater and river water has been recognized as a promising, eco-friendly, renewable, and sustainable source of power. The reverse electrodialysis (RED) technology has gained significant interest for its ability to generate electricity by combining concentrated and diluted streams with different levels of salinity. Nanofluidic membranes with tailored ion transport dynamics enable efficient harvesting of renewable osmotic energy. In this regard, anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes with abundant nanochannels provide a cost-effective nanofluidic platform to obtain structures with a high density of ordered pores. AAO can be utilized in constructing asymmetric composite membranes with enhanced ion flux and selectivity to improve output power generation. In this review, we first present the fundamental structure and properties of AAO, followed by summarizing the fabrication techniques for asymmetric membranes using AAO and other nanostructured materials. Subsequently, we discuss the materials employed in constructing asymmetric structures incorporating AAO while emphasizing how material selection and design can resist and promote efficient energy conversion. Finally, we provide an outlook on future applications and address the challenges that need to be overcome for successful osmotic energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huijie Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lulu Li
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212000, P.R. China
| | - Hanjun Sun
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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7
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Yanagishita T, Kumagai N, Masuda H. Flat and roll-type translucent anodic porous alumina molds anodized in oxalic acid for UV nanoimprint lithography. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33231-33241. [PMID: 37964907 PMCID: PMC10641565 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06240f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
There is much interest in UV nanoimprinting as a fabrication method for various functional devices because of its suitability for efficient fine patterning. To form patterns on opaque substrates by UV nanoimprinting, it is essential to use molds through which UV light can pass. In this study, translucent anodic porous alumina (APA) molds for UV nanoimprinting were fabricated by the anodization of an Al substrate. To fabricate a translucent APA mold, an ordered APA film used as a mold for UV nanoimprinting was formed on the surface side of the Al substrate, and then anodization was continued from the back surface of the Al substrate to increase its transparency in the UV spectral range. A gradient change of Al thickness is necessary for the production of a large-area translucent mold, since it lowers the thickness of opaque defects remaining in the mold. The resulting translucent mold was effective for UV nanoimprinting to prepare ordered polymer nanopillar arrays on the surfaces of opaque substrates because the transmittance of the resulting translucent APA mold was 40% at a wavelength of 365 nm, which was confirmed to be sufficiently translucent to polymerize the photocurable monomer used in this study. In addition, it was possible to fabricate roll-type translucent APA molds by using Al pipes as a starting material. A seamless ordered nanopillar array can be effectively formed on a substrate by continuous UV nanoimprinting using the resulting roll-type translucent APA molds. Ordered nanopillar arrays formed on opaque substrates by UV nanoimprinting using translucent APA molds have various potential applications, such as those for forming antireflective and water-repellent surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yanagishita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minamiosawa, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Naoko Kumagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minamiosawa, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Hideki Masuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minamiosawa, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
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8
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Zaraska L, Szuwarzyński M, Świerkula A, Brzózka A. Effect of Al Polishing Conditions on the Growth and Morphology of Porous Anodic Alumina Films. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:34564-34574. [PMID: 37779956 PMCID: PMC10536036 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The conditions applied during the electrochemical polishing of aluminum were found to be important parameters for the successive formation of nanoporous alumina films. First, a high-purity Al foil was electrochemically polished in an aqueous solution containing C2H5OH and HClO4 at various sets of conditions, such as applied potential (5-35 V), temperature (0-20 °C), and process duration (10-180 s). Extensive studies of the topography of Al after polishing by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy allow verification of the correlations between conditions applied during the substrate pretreatment and dimensions of the nanopatterns generated on the metal surface. Next, Al polished samples at two different sets of conditions were used as starting materials for anodization. Unpolished Al samples were also anodized for reference. It was confirmed that electropolishing conditions do not significantly affect the oxide growth rate during anodization and the efficiency of anodic film formation. On the contrary, it was proved that the dimensions of the surface texture formed during Al polishing significantly affect the morphology and pore order within the anodic film. Therefore, it can be stated that it is possible to tune to some extent the arrangement of nanochannels within anodic aluminum oxide films by simply changing conditions during the electropolishing procedure..
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Zaraska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Michał Szuwarzyński
- Academic
Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Świerkula
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Brzózka
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, Poland
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9
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Xu B, Wu D, Hill IM, Halim M, Rubin Y, Wang Y. A new and versatile template towards vertically oriented nanopillars and nanotubes. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:4489-4498. [PMID: 37638160 PMCID: PMC10448359 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00476g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Vertically oriented nanostructures bring unparalleled high surface area, light trapping capability, and high device density to electronic, optoelectronic, and energy storage devices. However, general methods to prepare such structures remain sparse and are typically based on anodized metal oxide templates. Here, we demonstrate a new approach: using vertically oriented tetraaniline nanopillar arrays as templates for creating nanopillars and nanotubes of other materials. The tetraaniline templates are scalable and easy to prepare. Vertical arrays of a variety of materials can be created by directly coating them onto the tetraaniline nanopillars via vapor, solution, or electrodeposition. Since the tetraaniline template is encased within the target material, it does not require post-deposition removal, thus enabling vertical structure formation of sensitive materials. Conversely, removal of the encased tetraaniline template provides vertically oriented nanotube arrays in a lost-wax-type operation. The resulting vertical structures exhibit a high degree of orientation and height uniformity, with tunable feature size, spacing, and array density. Furthermore, the deposition location and shape of the vertical arrays can be patterned at a resolution of 3 μm. Collectively, these attributes should broaden the material repertoire for vertically oriented structures, and lead to advancements in energy storage, electronics, and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohao Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Merced USA
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Merced USA
| | - Ian M Hill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Merced USA
| | - Merissa Halim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles USA
| | - Yves Rubin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles USA
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Merced USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Merced USA
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10
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AAO-Assisted Nanoporous Platinum Films for Hydrogen Sensor Application. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of the porosity and the thickness on the ability of hydrogen sensing is demonstrated through a comparison of compact and nanoporous platinum film sensors. The synthesis of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanotubes with an average pore diameter of less than 100 nm served as the template for the fabrication of nanoporous Pt films using an anodization method. This was achieved by applying a voltage of 40 V in 0.4 M of a phosphoric acid solution at 20 °C. To compare the film and nanoporous Pt, layers of approximately 3 nm and 20 nm were coated on both glass substrates and AAO templates using a sputtering technique. FESEM images monitored the formation of nanoporosity by observing the Pt layers covering the upper edges of the AAO nanotubes. Despite their low thickness and the poor long-range order, the EDX and XRD measurements confirmed and uncovered the crystalline properties of the Pt films by comparing the bare and the Pt deposited AAO templates. The nanoporous Pt and Pt thin film sensors were tested in the hydrogen concentration range between 10–50,000 ppm H2 at room temperature, 50 °C, 100 °C and 150 °C. The results reveal that nanoporous Pt performed higher sensitivity than the Pt thin film and the surface scattering phenomenon can express the hydrogen sensing mechanism of the Pt sensors.
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11
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Ku CA, Chung CK. Advances in Humidity Nanosensors and Their Application: Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23042328. [PMID: 36850926 PMCID: PMC9960561 DOI: 10.3390/s23042328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As the technology revolution and industrialization have flourished in the last few decades, the development of humidity nanosensors has become more important for the detection and control of humidity in the industry production line, food preservation, chemistry, agriculture and environmental monitoring. The new nanostructured materials and fabrication in nanosensors are linked to better sensor performance, especially for superior humidity sensing, following the intensive research into the design and synthesis of nanomaterials in the last few years. Various nanomaterials, such as ceramics, polymers, semiconductor and sulfide, carbon-based, triboelectrical nanogenerator (TENG), and MXene, have been studied for their potential ability to sense humidity with structures of nanowires, nanotubes, nanopores, and monolayers. These nanosensors have been synthesized via a wide range of processes, including solution synthesis, anodization, physical vapor deposition (PVD), or chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The sensing mechanism, process improvement and nanostructure modulation of different types of materials are mostly inexhaustible, but they are all inseparable from the goals of the effective response, high sensitivity and low response-recovery time of humidity sensors. In this review, we focus on the sensing mechanism of direct and indirect sensing, various fabrication methods, nanomaterial geometry and recent advances in humidity nanosensors. Various types of capacitive, resistive and optical humidity nanosensors are introduced, alongside illustration of the properties and nanostructures of various materials. The similarities and differences of the humidity-sensitive mechanisms of different types of materials are summarized. Applications such as IoT, and the environmental and human-body monitoring of nanosensors are the development trends for futures advancements.
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12
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Erdogan Y, Ercan B. Anodized Nanostructured 316L Stainless Steel Enhances Osteoblast Functions and Exhibits Anti-Fouling Properties. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:693-704. [PMID: 36692948 PMCID: PMC9930089 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Poor osseointegration and infection are among the major challenges of 316L stainless steel (SS) implants in orthopedic applications. Surface modifications to obtain a nanostructured topography seem to be a promising method to enhance cellular interactions of 316L SS implants. In this study, arrays of nanodimples (NDs) having controlled feature sizes between 25 and 250 nm were obtained on 316L SS surfaces by anodic oxidation (anodization). Results demonstrated that the fabrication of NDs increased the surface area and, at the same time, altered the surface chemistry of 316L SS to provide chromium oxide- and hydroxide-rich surface oxide layers. In vitro experiments showed that ND surfaces promoted up to a 68% higher osteoblast viability on the fifth day of culture. Immunofluorescence images confirmed a well-spread cytoskeleton organization on the ND surfaces. In addition, higher alkaline phosphate activity and calcium mineral synthesis were observed on the ND surfaces compared to non-anodized 316L SS. Furthermore, a 71% reduction in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and a 58% reduction in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) colonies were observed on the ND surfaces having a 200 nm feature size compared to non-anodized surfaces at 24 h of culture. Cumulatively, the results showed that a ND surface topography fabricated on 316L SS via anodization upregulated the osteoblast viability and functions while preventing S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilm synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasar
Kemal Erdogan
- Biomedical
Engineering Program, Middle East Technical
University, Ankara 06800, Turkey,Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Isparta University
of Applied Science, Isparta 32260, Turkey
| | - Batur Ercan
- Biomedical
Engineering Program, Middle East Technical
University, Ankara 06800, Turkey,Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey,BIOMATEN,
METU Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara 06800, Turkey,. Phone: +90 (312) 210-2513
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13
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Quitzke S, Danilov I, Martin A, Morgenstern R, Lampke T, Schubert A. Simulation-Assisted Process Design and Experimental Verification of Laterally Confined Oxide Areas Generated with Continuous Electrolytic Free Jet on EN AW-7075 Aluminum Alloy. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:293. [PMID: 36837993 PMCID: PMC9965328 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Local anodization with a free electrolyte jet is a suitable solution for locally confined surface functionalization without additionally required preparation of the parts. However, the geometrical formation of the anodic oxide layer in jet-based anodization is not yet sufficiently understood. In this study, numerical calculations based on physical descriptions are used to describe the lateral and vertical oxide formation on aluminum alloy EN AW-7075. The required electrical resistance and capacitance were determined by immersion-based anodization and implemented into the numerical simulation model to evaluate the electrical conductivity of the porous layer. The simulation results showed an electrical conductivity of 2.6 × 10-6 S/m for the porous layer. Subsequently, a model for jet-based anodization was developed and the previous results were implemented to calculate the oxide formation. The simulation results showed decreasing oxide layer thickness at increasing radial distance from the center of the jet, which corresponds to experimental results. The simulation model was validated by varying the current efficiency from 5% to 90%, where similar developments of the anodic oxide layer thickness compared with experimental results were determined at 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Quitzke
- Professorship Micromanufacturing Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Igor Danilov
- Professorship Micromanufacturing Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - André Martin
- Professorship Micromanufacturing Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Roy Morgenstern
- Materials and Surface Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Thomas Lampke
- Materials and Surface Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Andreas Schubert
- Professorship Micromanufacturing Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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14
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Białek E, Włodarski M, Norek M. Designing porous photonic crystals for MIR spectral region-a deeper insight into the anodic alumina layer thickness versus charge density relation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:125603. [PMID: 36595263 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aca546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The mid-infrared region (MIR) is crucial for many applications in security and industry, in chemical and biomolecular sensing, since it contains strong characteristic vibrational transitions of many important molecules and gases (e.g. CO2, CH4, CO). Despite its great potential, the optical systems operating in this spectral domain are still under development. The situation is caused mainly by the lack of inexpensive and adequate optical materials which show no absorption in the MIR. In this work, we present an easy and affordable way to develop 1D photonic crystals (PCs) based on porous anodic alumina for MIR region. The porous PCs were produced by the pulse anodization of aluminum using charge-controlled mode. The first order photonic stopbands (λ1) were located within ca. 3.5-6.5μm. Annealing of the material at 1100 °C for an hour has allowed to recover the wavelength range from around 5.8 to 7.5μm owing to the decomposition of the absorption centers (oxalate anions) present in the anodic oxide framework while maintaining the PC structural stability. The spectral position and the shape of the resonances were regulated by the charge passing under high (UH) and low (UL) voltage pulses, porosity of the correspondingdHanddLsegments, and dura tion of the process (ttot). The thickness of thedHanddLlayers was proportional to the charge passing under respective pulses, with the proportionality coefficient increasing with the applied voltage. Despite the constant charge (2500 mC cm-2) applied during the anodization, the thickness of anodic alumina (d) increased with applied voltage (10-60 V) and anodizing temperature (5 °C-30 °C). This behavior was ascribed to the different kinetics of the anodic alumina formation prompted by the variable electrochemical conditions. The photonic material can be used in portable nondispersive gas sensors as an enhancement layer operating up to around 9μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Białek
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Str. gen Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Włodarski
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Str. gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Norek
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Str. gen Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Sacco LN, Vollebregt S. Overview of Engineering Carbon Nanomaterials Such As Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), Carbon Nanofibers (CNFs), Graphene and Nanodiamonds and Other Carbon Allotropes inside Porous Anodic Alumina (PAA) Templates. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:260. [PMID: 36678014 PMCID: PMC9861583 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication and design of carbon-based hierarchical structures with tailored nano-architectures have attracted the enormous attention of the materials science community due to their exceptional chemical and physical properties. The collective control of nano-objects, in terms of their dimensionality, orientation and size, is of paramount importance to expand the implementation of carbon nanomaterials across a large variety of applications. In this context, porous anodic alumina (PAA) has become an attractive template where the pore morphologies can be straightforwardly modulated. The synthesis of diverse carbon nanomaterials can be performed using PAA templates, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), and nanodiamonds, or can act as support for other carbon allotropes such as graphene and other carbon nanoforms. However, the successful growth of carbon nanomaterials within ordered PAA templates typically requires a series of stages involving the template fabrication, nanostructure growth and finally an etching or electrode metallization steps, which all encounter different challenges towards a nanodevice fabrication. The present review article describes the advantages and challenges associated with the fabrication of carbon materials in PAA based materials and aims to give a renewed momentum to this topic within the materials science community by providing an exhaustive overview of the current synthesis approaches and the most relevant applications based on PAA/Carbon nanostructures materials. Finally, the perspective and opportunities in the field are presented.
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16
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Schabikowski M, Kowalczyk P, Karczmarska A, Gawdzik B, Wypych A, Kramkowski K, Wrzosek K, Laskowski Ł. Aluminium(III) Oxide-The Silent Killer of Bacteria. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010401. [PMID: 36615599 PMCID: PMC9822385 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we describe the antimicrobial properties of pristine anodised aluminium oxide matrices-the material many consider biologically inert. During a typical anodisation process, chromium and chlorine compounds are used for electropolishing and the removal of the first-step aluminium oxide. Matrices without the use of those harmful compounds were also fabricated and tested for comparison. The antibacterial tests were conducted on four strains of Escherichia coli: K12, R2, R3 and R4. The properties of the matrices were also compared to the three types of antibiotics: ciprofloxacin, bleomycin and cloxacillin using the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) tests. Moreover, DNA was isolated from the analysed bacteria which was additionally digested with formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg) protein from the group of repair glycosases. These enzymes are markers of modified oxidised bases in nucleic acids produced during oxidative stress in cells. Preliminary cellular studies, MIC and MBC tests and digestion with Fpg protein after modification of bacterial DNA suggest that these compounds may have greater potential as antibacterial agents than the aforementioned antibiotics. The described composites are highly specific for the analysed model Escherichia coli strains and may be used in the future as new substitutes for commonly used antibiotics in clinical and nosocomial infections in the progressing pandemic era. The results show much stronger antibacterial properties of the functionalised membranes on the action of bacterial membranes in comparison to the antibiotics in the Fpg digestion experiment. This is most likely due to the strong induction of oxidative stress in the cell through the breakdown of the analysed bacterial DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Schabikowski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (P.K.)
| | | | - Barbara Gawdzik
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wypych
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Karol Kramkowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
| | - Karol Wrzosek
- Department of Heart Diseases, The Medical Center of Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Łukasz Laskowski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
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17
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Malinovskis U, Popļausks R, Jurkevičiu̅tė A, Dutovs A, Berzins K, Perkanuks V, Simka W, Muiznieks I, Erts D, Prikulis J. Optimization of Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles on Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxide Substrates for Refractometric Sensing. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:40324-40332. [PMID: 36385891 PMCID: PMC9648095 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A new composite metal-insulator-metal (MIM) system consisting of exceptionally dense non-close-packed (NCP) arrays of gold or silver nanoparticles, porous anodic aluminum oxide (PAAO), and bulk aluminum substrate interacts strongly with visible light and may become a very useful component for optical applications. The proposed MIM structure can be synthesized using accessible lithography-free chemical and physical processes (anodization and capillary force assisted colloidal particle deposition) that are suitable for the low-cost production of specialized devices. Here, we present a systematic study to determine the essential MIM structure parameters (nanoparticle size and PAAO layer thickness) for localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) refractometric sensing. A performance comparison was done by recording the spectra of scattered light upon angled illumination in media with different refractive indices. A clear advantage for maximizing the signal to background ratio was observed in the case of 60 and 80 nm Au nanoparticles with a PAAO thickness in a narrow range between 300 and 375 nm. Sensitivity exceeding a 200 nm peak wavelength shift per refractive index unit was found for 60 nm Au nanoparticles on approximately 500-nm-thick PAAO. The experimental observations were supported by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uldis Malinovskis
- Institute
of Chemical Physics, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga LV-1586, Latvia
| | - Raimonds Popļausks
- Institute
of Chemical Physics, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga LV-1586, Latvia
| | - Aušrinė Jurkevičiu̅tė
- Institute
of Chemical Physics, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga LV-1586, Latvia
| | - Aleksandrs Dutovs
- Institute
of Chemical Physics, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga LV-1586, Latvia
| | - Karlis Berzins
- Institute
of Chemical Physics, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga LV-1586, Latvia
| | - Vladislavs Perkanuks
- Institute
of Chemical Physics, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga LV-1586, Latvia
| | - Wojciech Simka
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego Street 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Indrikis Muiznieks
- Faculty
of Biology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., Riga LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Donats Erts
- Institute
of Chemical Physics, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga LV-1586, Latvia
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga LV-1586, Latvia
| | - Juris Prikulis
- Institute
of Chemical Physics, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga LV-1586, Latvia
- Faculty
of Physics, Mathematics, and Optometry, University of Latvia, 3 Jelgavas Str., Riga LV-1004, Latvia
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18
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Critical Review on Toxicological Mechanisms Triggered by Inhalation of Alumina Nanoparticles on to the Lungs. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102664. [PMID: 36289927 PMCID: PMC9599368 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alumina nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) can be released in occupational environments in different contexts such as industry, defense, and aerospace. Workers can be exposed by inhalation to these NPs, for instance, through welding fumes or aerosolized propellant combustion residues. Several clinical and epidemiological studies have reported that inhalation of Al2O3 NPs could trigger aluminosis, inflammation in the lung parenchyma, respiratory symptoms such as cough or shortness of breath, and probably long-term pulmonary fibrosis. The present review is a critical update of the current knowledge on underlying toxicological, molecular, and cellular mechanisms induced by exposure to Al2O3 NPs in the lungs. A major part of animal studies also points out inflammatory cells and secreted biomarkers in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood serum, while in vitro studies on lung cells indicate contradictory results regarding the toxicity of these NPs.
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19
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Roslyakov IV, Kushnir SE, Tsymbarenko DM, Sapoletova NA, Trusov LA, Napolskii KS. New insight into anodization of aluminium with focused ion beam pre-patterning. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:495301. [PMID: 36049458 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac8e75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The self-ordered anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) structure consists of micron-scale domains-defect-free areas with a hexagonal arrangement of pores. A substantial increase in domain size is possible solely by pre-patterning the aluminium surface in the form of a defect-free hexagonal array of concaves, which guide the pore growth during subsequent anodization. Among the numerous pre-patterning techniques, direct etching by focused gallium ion beam (Ga FIB) allows the preparation of AAO with a custom-made geometry through precise control of the irradiation positions, beam energy, and ion dosage. The main drawback of the FIB approach includes gallium contamination of the aluminium surface. Here, we propose a multi-step anodizing procedure to prevent gallium incorporation into the aluminium substrate. The suggested approach successfully covers a wide range of AAO interpore distances from 100 to 500 nm. In particular, anodization of FIB pre-patterned aluminium in 0.1 M phosphoric acid at 195 V to prepare AAO with the interpore distance of about 500 nm was demonstrated for the first time. The quantification of the degree of pore ordering reveals the fraction of pores in hexagonal coordination above 96% and the in-plane mosaicity below 3° over an area of about 1000μm2. Large-scale defect-free AAO structures are promising for creating photonic crystals and hyperbolic metamaterials with distinct functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Roslyakov
- Department of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - S E Kushnir
- Department of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - D M Tsymbarenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Sapoletova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - L A Trusov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Materials Science, MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 517182, People's Republic of China
| | - K S Napolskii
- Department of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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20
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Szwachta G, Białek E, Włodarski M, Norek M. Structural stability and optical properties of 1D photonic crystals based on porous anodic alumina after annealing at different temperatures. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:455707. [PMID: 35878593 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac83ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Porous anodic alumina (PAA) photonic crystals with a photonic stop-band (PSB) placed in the mid-infrared (MIR) spectral region represent a promising approach for increasing of gas sensors sensitivity. An onion-like layered distribution of anionic impurities is a hallmark of PAA, and its presence is generally considered to demarcate the boundary between transparent and opaque ranges in the infrared spectral region. Here, we study the effect of annealing in the temperature range of 450 °C-1 100 °C on the structural stability and optical properties in photonic crystals based on PAA fabricated by pulse anodization in oxalic acid. Pulse sequences were selected in a way to obtain photonic crystals of different periodic structures with a PSB located in visible and MIR spectral regions. The first photonic crystal was composed of layers with gradually changing porosity, whereas the second photonic crystal consisted of a sequentially repeated double-layer unit with an abrupt change in porosity. We investigated the response of alumina with rationally designed porosities and different arrangements of porous layers for high-temperature treatment. The microstructure (scanning electron microscopy), phase composition (x-ray diffraction), and optical properties (optical spectroscopy) were analysed to track possible changes after annealing. Both photonic crystals demonstrated an excellent structural stability after 24 h annealing up to 950 °C. At the same time, the evaporation of the anionic impurities from PAA walls caused a shift of the PSB towards the shorter wavelengths. Furthermore, the annealing at 1 100 °C induced a high transparency (up to 90%) of alumina in MIR spectral region. It was shown thus that properly selected electrochemical and annealing conditions enable the fabrication of porous photonic crystals with the high transparency spanning the spectral range up to around 10μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Szwachta
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Str. Gen Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Białek
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Str. Gen Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Włodarski
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Str. Gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Norek
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Str. Gen Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Li SY, Liu ZL, Xiang GX, Ma BH. Photoluminescence properties of anodic aluminum oxide films formed in a mixture of malonic acid and oxalic acid. LUMINESCENCE 2022; 37:1864-1872. [PMID: 35977810 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work, porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) films were fabricated by anodization in an electrolyte mixture with various concentration ratios of malonic acid and oxalic acid at room temperature. The photoluminescence (PL) properties of the AAO films before and after annealing from 300 °C to 650 °C in air or vacuum conditions were investigated, showing a strong PL band in the range of 300 - 550 nm. We observed a weak PL in the AAO film formed in the malonic acid electrolyte, while the films fabricated using an electrolyte mixture showed strong PL emissions, exhibiting a maximum. The broad PL band was decomposed into three Gaussian sub-bands, where the first two sub-bands could be attributed to the luminescence center oxygen vacancies (F+ and F defect centers), while the latter transformed from malonic impurities and oxalic impurities. More interestingly, the redshift of the PL bands occurred with increasing oxalic acid concentration, and the PL wavelength and intensity could be modulated by varying the concentration ratios in the malonic acid and oxalic acid electrolyte mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Yi Li
- College of Physics and Electromechanical Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye, China.,Key laboratory of Hexi Corridor Resource Utilization of Gansu, Hexi University, Zhangye, China
| | - Zheng-Lai Liu
- College of Physics and Electromechanical Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye, China
| | - Gen-Xiang Xiang
- College of Physics and Electromechanical Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye, China
| | - Bao-Hong Ma
- College of Physics and Electromechanical Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye, China
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22
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Feng C, Tong J, Cui L, Zhao Y, Zhai T. Plasmonic distributed feedback lasing in an anodic aluminum oxide/silver/polymer hybrid membrane. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:28589-28600. [PMID: 36299051 DOI: 10.1364/oe.461117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid membrane is employed as a high-order plasmonic distributed feedback (DFB) cavity to reduce the lasing threshold of polymer lasers. The hybrid membrane consists of an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane, a 25 nm thick silver layer and a free-standing polymer membrane. The AAO membrane is fabricated by a low-cost, single chemical etching method. Then, a layer of silver with a thickness of 25 nm is sputtered on the surface of the AAO. Subsequently, a polymer membrane is directly attached to the silver-plated AAO membrane, forming an AAO/silver/polymer hybrid membrane. Under optical pumping conditions, low-threshold, three-order DFB lasing is observed. The proposed laser device exhibited a dual-threshold characteristic because of the evolution from amplified spontaneous emission to DFB lasing. And a significant shift from omnidirectional emission to directional emission lasing can be observed while the pump energy density is beyond the second threshold. Furthermore, the plasmonic enhancement sourced from silver corrugation reveals important improvement effects to the DFB lasing of AAO/silver/polymer hybrid membrane for decreasing threshold, narrowing full width at half maximum (FWHM), and an increasing Q factor. This work may promote the design and production of low-cost and large-area high-order plasmonic DFB polymer lasers.
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23
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Calovi M, Meschini S, Condello M, Rossi S. Innovative Codeposition of a Ag-Al 2O 3 Layer: An Attractive Combination of High Durability and Lack of Cytotoxicity for Public Space Applications. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:25650-25662. [PMID: 35910186 PMCID: PMC9330093 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Today, the use of silver in surfaces for public environments is very frequent, as it ensures high antimicrobial activities, avoiding the continuous disinfection of the surfaces themselves. Similarly, thanks to its interesting combination of technological properties, anodized aluminum is widely employed in the production of components for applications in public spaces. Therefore, this work describes a simple method of the codeposition of silver and anodized aluminum to combine the remarkable properties of Al2O3 layers with the antibacterial performances of silver. The effect of silver in modifying the durability features of the anodized aluminum layer was evaluated by means of various accelerated degradation techniques, such as the exposure in a climatic chamber to UV-B radiation or an aggressive atmosphere simulated by the Kesternich test. These analyses showed the good compatibility between Ag and the alumina matrix, whose durability performances were not particularly influenced by silver. Furthermore, the composite layers did not express relevant cytotoxicity activity, as evidenced by Trypan blue flow cytometry analysis and microscopy observations, ensuring the possible use of this material in applications in close contact with humans. This same conclusion was reached by observing an almost negligible ionic release of Ag by the composite layers, even following severe degradation of the alumina matrix due to exposure to a particular acid solution. In conclusion, this work presents an innovative material that can be used in public spaces, thanks to its interesting combination of high durability and low cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Calovi
- Department
of Industrial Engineering, University of
Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Stefania Meschini
- National
Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Maria Condello
- National
Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Stefano Rossi
- Department
of Industrial Engineering, University of
Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
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24
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Yazlak M, Khan QA, Steinhart M, Duran H. Melting Temperature Depression and Phase Transitions of Nitrate-Based Molten Salts in Nanoconfinement. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:24669-24678. [PMID: 35874251 PMCID: PMC9301948 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hybrids of nitrate-based molten salts (KNO3, NaNO3, and Solar Salt) and anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) with various pore sizes (between 25 and 380 nm) were designed for concentrated solar power (CSP) plants to achieve low melting point (<200 °C) and high thermal conductivity (>1 W m-1 K-1). AAO pore surfaces were passivated with octadecyl phosphonic acid (ODPA), and the results were compared with as-anodized AAO. The change in phase transition temperatures and melting temperatures of salts was investigated as a function of pore diameter. Melting temperatures decreased for all salts inside AAO with different pore sizes while the highest melting temperature decrease (ΔT = 173 ± 2 °C) was observed for KNO3 filled in AAO with a pore diameter of 380 nm. Another nanoconfinement effect was observed in the crystal phases of the salts. The ferroelectric phase of KNO3 (γ-phase) formed at room temperature for KNO3/AAO hybrids with pore size larger than 35 nm. Thermal conductivity values of molten salt (MS)/AAO hybrids were obtained by thermal property analysis (TPS) at room temperature and above melting temperatures of the salts. The highest increase in thermal conductivity was observed as 73% for KNO3/AAO-35 nm. For NaNO3/AAO-380 nm hybrids, the thermal conductivity coefficient was 1.224 ± 0.019 at room temperature. To determine the capacity and efficiency of MS/AAO hybrids during the heat transfer process, the energy storage density per unit volume (J m-3) was calculated. The highest energy storage capacity was calculated as 2390 MJ m-3 for KNO3/AAO with a pore diameter of 400 nm. This value is approximately five times higher than that of bulk salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa
Göktürk Yazlak
- Department
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Söğütözü
Cad. 43, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Qaiser Ali Khan
- Institut
für Chemie Neuer Materialien, Universitat
Osnabrück, D-49069 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Martin Steinhart
- Institut
für Chemie Neuer Materialien, Universitat
Osnabrück, D-49069 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Hatice Duran
- Department
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Söğütözü
Cad. 43, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
- UNAM
Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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25
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Tan X, Lv C, Chen H. Advances of nanopore-based sensing techniques for contaminants evaluation of food and agricultural products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10866-10879. [PMID: 35687354 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2085238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Food safety assurance systems are becoming more stringent in response to the growing food safety problems. Rapid, sensitive, and reliable detection technology is a prerequisite for the establishment of food safety assurance systems. Nanopore technology has been taken as one of the emerging technology capable of dealing with the detection of harmful contaminants as efficiently as possible due to the advantage of label-free, high-throughput, amplification-free, and rapid detection features. Start with the history of nanopore techniques, this review introduced the underlying knowledge of detection mechanism of nanopore-based sensing techniques. Meanwhile, sensing interfaces for the construction of nanopore sensors are comprehensively summarized. Moreover, this review covers the current advances of nanopore techniques in the application of food safety screening. Currently, the establishment of nanopore sensing devices is mainly based on the blocking current phenomenon. Sensing interfaces including biological nanopores, solid-state nanopores, DNA origami, and de novo designed nanopores can be used in the manufacture of sensing devices. Food harmful substances, including heavy metals, veterinary drugs, pesticide residues, food toxins, and other harmful substances can be quickly determined by nanopore-based sensors. Moreover, the combination of nanopore techniques with advanced materials has become one of the most effective methods to improve sensing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Tan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyan Lv
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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26
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Symmetrically Controlled Design of Twin Alumina-Co Composite Thin Films. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled dual-working electrode electrolytic cells were designed to produce twin alumina-Co composite films with highly symmetrical microstructures using a deflected electric field-assisted alternating current electrodeposition method. The results show that the deposition current density, microstructure, and optical and magnetic properties of the twin composite films exhibit a high degree of symmetry. The distribution of magnetic Co particles in the alumina nanopores can be changed by adjusting the magnitude of the deflected electric field, resulting in a synchronous symmetrical change in the microstructure of the composite films, which enables the fine-tuning of the magneto-optical properties of the twin alumina-Co composite films at the microscopic scale. The current density distribution on the surface of the twin composite films along the direction of the deflected electric field was quantitatively analyzed by theoretical calculations and numerical simulations. The results show that the deposition current density gradually increases from 0.024 A/m2 in region C to 0.056 A/m2 in region A at 6 V deflection voltage. The saturation magnetization intensity gradually increases along the radial direction, which is 118, 130, and 150 kA/m, respectively
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Jiang L, Zhang J, Chen B, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Wan W, Song Y. Morphological comparison and growth mechanism of TiO2 nanotubes in HBF4 and NH4F electrolytes. Electrochem commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2022.107200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Li X, Zhang Y, Gao L, Ma J, Qiu Y, Xu X, Ou J, Ma W. The growth rate of nanotubes and the quantity of charge during anodization. Electrochem commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.107184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Li C, Ni Y, Gong J, Song Y, Gong T, Zhu X. A review: research progress on the formation mechanism of porous anodic oxides. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:322-333. [PMID: 36132683 PMCID: PMC9417932 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00624j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the great development potential of porous anodic oxides (PAO) in many fields, research on their formation mechanisms, fabrication processes and applications has a history of more than ten years. Although compared with research on the fabrication processes and applications of PAO, research on their formation mechanisms started late, several mainstream theories have been formed in the academic community, including the field-assisted dissolution (FAD) theory, the field-assisted ejection (FAE) theory, the self-organization theory, the ionic and electronic current theory and the oxygen bubble mould effect. This review will focus on summarizing the core views of the mainstream mechanisms mentioned above and comparing the explanations for some of their classical experimental phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Yilin Ni
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Jingjing Gong
- School of Design Art and Media, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Ye Song
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Tianle Gong
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Xufei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
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Li P, Wang H, Ni Y, Song Y, Sun M, Gong T, Li C, Zhu X. Unraveling the six stages of the current-time curve and the bilayer nanotubes obtained by one-step anodization of Zr. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:582-589. [PMID: 36132686 PMCID: PMC9419485 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00692d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The application and growth mechanism of anodic TiO2 nanotubes have been a hot topic in the last ten years, but the formation mechanism of anodic ZrO2 nanotubes has rarely been studied. In one-step constant voltage anodization of Al and Ti, the typical current-time curve has three stages. Moreover, the current-time curves of the three stages can last for 10 min or even 10 hours, resulting in a single layer of nanotubes with the same diameter due to the constant voltage in one-step anodization. However, in this paper, it was found for the first time that the three stages of the current-time curve appeared twice in succession during one-step constant voltage anodization of Zr for only 900 seconds, and bilayer nanotubes with increased diameter were obtained. This six-stage current-time curve cannot be explained by classical field-assisted dissolution and field-assisted flow or stress-driven mechanisms. Here, the formation mechanism and growth kinetics of bilayer ZrO2 nanotubes have been clarified rationally by the theories of ionic current, electronic current and oxygen bubble mold. The interesting results presented in this paper are of great significance for revealing the anodizing process of various metals and the formation mechanism of porous structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengze Li
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Heng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Yilin Ni
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Ye Song
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Ming Sun
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Tianle Gong
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Chengyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Xufei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
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Facile Route to Effective Antimicrobial Aluminum Oxide Layer Realized by Co-Deposition with Silver Nitrate. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The emergence and spreading of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has forced the focus of attention on a significant issue: the realization of antimicrobial surfaces for public spaces, which do not require extensive use of disinfectants. Silver represents one of the most used elements in this context, thanks to its excellent biocidal performance. This work describes a simple method for the realization of anodized aluminum layers, whose antimicrobial features are ensured by the co-deposition with silver nitrate. The durability and the chemical resistance of the samples were evaluated by means of several accelerated degradation tests, such as the exposure in a salt spray chamber, the contact with synthetic sweat and the scrub test, highlighting the residual influence of silver in altering the protective behavior of the alumina layers. Furthermore, the ISO 22196:2011 standard was used as the reference protocol to set up an assay to measure the effective antibacterial activity of the alumina-Ag layers against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria, even at low concentrations of silver. Finally, the Ag-containing aluminum oxide layers exhibited excellent antimicrobial performances also following the chemical–physical degradation processes, ensuring good durability over time of the antimicrobial surfaces. Overall, this work introduces a simple route for the realization of anodized aluminum surfaces with excellent antibacterial properties.
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Gong T, Chen J, Fang P, Liu L, Li C, Han A, Song Y. Debunking the essential effect of temperature and voltage on the current curve and the nanotube morphology. RSC Adv 2021; 12:429-436. [PMID: 35424478 PMCID: PMC8978680 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06694c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation mechanism of anodic TiO2 nanotubes remains to be unclear till now. Many researchers study the influence of temperatures above 0 °C instead of below 0 °C. Few papers before have explained the relationship between the current-time curve and the morphology of the nanotubes. In this study, the innovative 'oxygen bubble model' and the ionic current and electronic current theories were introduced to explain the growth of nanotubes below 0 °C. The length of anodic TiO2 nanotubes at 15 °C, 0 °C, -10 °C were 1.28 μm, 0.93 μm and 0.21 μm, respectively, but the diameter of anodic TiO2 nanotubes was almost the same, at about 164 nm. When the temperature was low, the magnitude of electronic current and the ionic current was small, the mold effect was weak and nanotubes could not be formed. At the same time, this study shows that the dissolution reaction of the field-assisted solution theory has no electron gain or loss, and it has nothing to do with the current, which negates the field-assisted dissolution theory. A novel two-step anodization was used to verify the conclusion. It was found that nanotubes could be obtained when the anodizing current was decreasing or increasing. Also, ginseng-shaped nanotubes are formed at a particular voltage sequence. Based on the 'oxygen bubble model' and the ionic current and electronic current theories, the formation process of nanotubes of two-step anodization is explained clearly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Jieda Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Pengjin Fang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Chengyuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Aijun Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Ye Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
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Jann J, Drevelle O, Chen XG, Auclair-Gilbert M, Soucy G, Faucheux N, Fortier LC. Rapid antibacterial activity of anodized aluminum-based materials impregnated with quaternary ammonium compounds for high-touch surfaces to limit transmission of pathogenic bacteria. RSC Adv 2021; 11:38172-38188. [PMID: 35498065 PMCID: PMC9044312 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07159a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria are a major public health problem. Their transmission is strongly linked to cross contamination via inert surfaces, which can serve as reservoirs for pathogenic microorganisms. To address this problem, antibacterial materials applied to high-touch surfaces have been developed. However, reaching a rapid and lasting effectiveness under real life conditions of use remains challenging. In the present paper, hard-anodized aluminum (AA) materials impregnated with antibacterial agents (quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) and/or nitrate silver (AgNO3)) were prepared and characterized. The thickness of the anodized layer was about 50 μm with pore diameter of 70 nm. AA with QACs and/or AgNO3 had a water contact angle varying between 45 and 70°. The antibacterial activity of the materials was determined under different experimental settings to better mimic their use, and included liquid, humid, and dry conditions. AA-QAC surfaces demonstrated excellent efficiency, killing >99.9% of bacteria in 5 min on a wide range of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridioides difficile, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium) and Gram-negative (streptomycin-resistant Salmonella typhimurium and encapsulated Klebsiella pneumoniae) pathogens. AA-QACs showed a faster antibacterial activity (from 0.25 to 5 min) compared with antibacterial copper used as a reference (from 15 min to more than 1 h). We show that to maintain their high performance, AA-QACs should be used in low humidity environments and should be cleaned with solutions composed of QACs. Altogether, AA-QAC materials constitute promising candidates to prevent the transmission of pathogenic bacteria on high-touch surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Jann
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke 2500 boul. de l'Université Sherbrooke Québec J1K 2R1 Canada .,Clinical Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke 12e Avenue N Sherbrooke Québec J1H 5N4 Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke 3201 rue Jean Mignault Sherbrooke Québec J1E 4K8 Canada
| | - Olivier Drevelle
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke 2500 boul. de l'Université Sherbrooke Québec J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - X Grant Chen
- Department of Applied Science, University of Quebec in Chicoutimi Saguenay Quebec G7H 2B1 Canada
| | | | - Gervais Soucy
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke 2500 boul. de l'Université Sherbrooke Québec J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - Nathalie Faucheux
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke 2500 boul. de l'Université Sherbrooke Québec J1K 2R1 Canada .,Clinical Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke 12e Avenue N Sherbrooke Québec J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Louis-Charles Fortier
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke 3201 rue Jean Mignault Sherbrooke Québec J1E 4K8 Canada
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Li P, Wang J, Liu L, Ma J, Ni Y, Wang H, Song Y. The effect of atmospheric pressure on the growth rate of TiO2 nanotubes: Evidence against the field-assisted dissolution theory. Electrochem commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.107146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Zhang H, Zhou M, Zhao H, Lei Y. Ordered nanostructures arrays fabricated by anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template-directed methods for energy conversion. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:502006. [PMID: 34521075 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac268b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Clean and efficient energy conversion systems can overcome the depletion of the fossil fuel and meet the increasing demand of the energy. Ordered nanostructures arrays convert energy more efficiently than their disordered counterparts, by virtue of their structural merits. Among various fabrication methods of these ordered nanostructures arrays, anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template-directed fabrication have drawn increasing attention due to its low cost, high throughput, flexibility and high structural controllability. This article reviews the application of ordered nanostructures arrays fabricated by AAO template-directed methods in mechanical energy, solar energy, electrical energy and chemical energy conversions in four sections. In each section, the corresponding advantages of these ordered nanostructures arrays in the energy conversion system are analysed, and the limitation of the to-date research is evaluated. Finally, the future directions of the ordered nanostructures arrays fabricated by AAO template-directed methods (the promising method to explore new growth mechanisms of AAO, green fabrication based on reusable AAO templates, new potential energy conversion application) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanming Zhang
- Fachgebiet Angewandte Nanophysik, Institut für Physik & IMN MacroNano, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Min Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaping Zhao
- Fachgebiet Angewandte Nanophysik, Institut für Physik & IMN MacroNano, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Yong Lei
- Fachgebiet Angewandte Nanophysik, Institut für Physik & IMN MacroNano, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany
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Gong T, Li C, Li X, Yue H, Zhu X, Zhao Z, Lv R, Zhu J. Evidence of oxygen bubbles forming nanotube embryos in porous anodic oxides. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4659-4668. [PMID: 36134301 PMCID: PMC9417053 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00389e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Anodic TiO2 nanotubes have been studied widely for two decades because of their regular tubular structures and extensive applications. However, the formation mechanism of anodic TiO2 nanotubes remains unclear, because it is difficult to find convincing evidence for popular field-assisted dissolution or field-assisted injection theories and the oxygen bubble model. Here, in a bid to find direct evidence that oxygen bubbles form nanotube embryos, a new method is applied to handle this challenge. Before nanotube formation, a dense cover layer was formed to make nanotubes grow more slowly. Many completely enclosed nanotube embryos formed by oxygen bubbles were found beneath the dense cover layer for the first time. The formation of these enclosed and hollow gourd-shaped embryos is convincing enough to prove that the nanotubes are formed by the oxygen bubble mold, similar to inflating a football, rather than by field-assisted dissolution. Based on the 'oxygen bubble model' and ionic current and electronic current theories, the formation and growth process of nanotube embryos is explained clearly for the first time. These interesting findings indicate that the 'oxygen bubble model' and ionic current and electronic current theories also apply to anodization of other metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Gong
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Chengyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Hangyu Yue
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Xufei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Ziyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Renquan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Junwu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
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Debunking the formation mechanism of nanopores in four kinds of electrolytes without fluoride ion. Electrochem commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.107093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Zhang J, Yu Y, Fang P, Liu L, Yue H, Ou J, Han A. Anodization of aluminum in a sealed container. Electrochem commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.107086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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