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Hadar PN, Zelmann R, Salami P, Cash SS, Paulk AC. The Neurostimulationist will see you now: prescribing direct electrical stimulation therapies for the human brain in epilepsy and beyond. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1439541. [PMID: 39296917 PMCID: PMC11408201 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1439541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
As the pace of research in implantable neurotechnology increases, it is important to take a step back and see if the promise lives up to our intentions. While direct electrical stimulation applied intracranially has been used for the treatment of various neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's, epilepsy, clinical depression, and Obsessive-compulsive disorder, the effectiveness can be highly variable. One perspective is that the inability to consistently treat these neurological disorders in a standardized way is due to multiple, interlaced factors, including stimulation parameters, location, and differences in underlying network connectivity, leading to a trial-and-error stimulation approach in the clinic. An alternate view, based on a growing knowledge from neural data, is that variability in this input (stimulation) and output (brain response) relationship may be more predictable and amenable to standardization, personalization, and, ultimately, therapeutic implementation. In this review, we assert that the future of human brain neurostimulation, via direct electrical stimulation, rests on deploying standardized, constrained models for easier clinical implementation and informed by intracranial data sets, such that diverse, individualized therapeutic parameters can efficiently produce similar, robust, positive outcomes for many patients closer to a prescriptive model. We address the pathway needed to arrive at this future by addressing three questions, namely: (1) why aren't we already at this prescriptive future?; (2) how do we get there?; (3) how far are we from this Neurostimulationist prescriptive future? We first posit that there are limited and predictable ways, constrained by underlying networks, for direct electrical stimulation to induce changes in the brain based on past literature. We then address how identifying underlying individual structural and functional brain connectivity which shape these standard responses enable targeted and personalized neuromodulation, bolstered through large-scale efforts, including machine learning techniques, to map and reverse engineer these input-output relationships to produce a good outcome and better identify underlying mechanisms. This understanding will not only be a major advance in enabling intelligent and informed design of neuromodulatory therapeutic tools for a wide variety of neurological diseases, but a shift in how we can predictably, and therapeutically, prescribe stimulation treatments the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N Hadar
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rina Zelmann
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pariya Salami
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sydney S Cash
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Angelique C Paulk
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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Tang H, Li Y, Liao S, Liu H, Qiao Y, Zhou J. Multifunctional Conductive Hydrogel Interface for Bioelectronic Recording and Stimulation. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400562. [PMID: 38773929 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed the rapid advancement and broad applications of flexible bioelectronics, in wearable and implantable electronics, brain-computer interfaces, neural science and technology, clinical diagnosis, treatment, etc. It is noteworthy that soft and elastic conductive hydrogels, owing to their multiple similarities with biological tissues in terms of mechanics, electronics, water-rich, and biological functions, have successfully bridged the gap between rigid electronics and soft biology. Multifunctional hydrogel bioelectronics, emerging as a new generation of promising material candidates, have authentically established highly compatible and reliable, high-quality bioelectronic interfaces, particularly in bioelectronic recording and stimulation. This review summarizes the material basis and design principles involved in constructing hydrogel bioelectronic interfaces, and systematically discusses the fundamental mechanism and unique advantages in bioelectrical interfacing with the biological surface. Furthermore, an overview of the state-of-the-art manufacturing strategies for hydrogel bioelectronic interfaces with enhanced biocompatibility and integration with the biological system is presented. This review finally exemplifies the unprecedented advancement and impetus toward bioelectronic recording and stimulation, especially in implantable and integrated hydrogel bioelectronic systems, and concludes with a perspective expectation for hydrogel bioelectronics in clinical and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yuanfang Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Shufei Liao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Houfang Liu
- School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yancong Qiao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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Jergas H, Petry-Schmelzer JN, Hannemann JH, Thies T, Strelow JN, Rubi-Fessen I, Quinting J, Baldermann JC, Mücke D, Fink GR, Visser-Vandewalle V, Dembek TA, Barbe MT. One side effect: two networks? Lateral and posteromedial stimulation spreads induce dysarthria in subthalamic deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2024:jnnp-2024-333434. [PMID: 39147574 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2024-333434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stimulation-induced dysarthria (SID) is a troublesome and potentially therapy-limiting side effect of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). To date, the origin of SID, and especially whether there is an involvement of cerebellar pathways as well as the pyramidal tract, remains a matter of debate. Therefore, this study aims to shed light on structural networks associated with SID and to derive a data-driven model to predict SID in patients with PD and STN-DBS. METHODS Randomised, double-blinded monopolar reviews determining SID thresholds were conducted in 25 patients with PD and STN-DBS. A fibre-based mapping approach, implementing the calculation of fibr-wise ORs for SID, was employed to identify the distributional pattern of SID in the STN's vicinity. The ability of the data-driven model to classify stimulation volumes as 'causing SID' or 'not causing SID' was validated by calculating receiver operating characteristics (ROC) in an independent out-of-sample cohort comprising 14 patients with PD and STN-DBS. RESULTS Local fibre-based stimulation maps showed an involvement of fibres running lateral and posteromedial to the STN in the pathogenesis of SID, independent of the investigated hemisphere. ROC analysis in the independent out-of-sample cohort resulted in a good fit of the data-driven model for both hemispheres (area under the curve (AUC)left=0.88, AUCright=0.88). CONCLUSIONS This study reveals an involvement of both, cerebello-thalamic fibres, as well as the pyramidal tract, in the pathogenesis of SID in STN-DBS. The results may impact future postoperative programming strategies to avoid SID in patients with PD and STN-DBS TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: DRKS00023221; German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) Number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Jergas
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Tabea Thies
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- iFL Phonetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joshua N Strelow
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ilona Rubi-Fessen
- RehaNova Neurological Rehabilitation Clinic, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Cologne, Koln, Germany
| | - Jana Quinting
- Department of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Cologne, Koln, Germany
| | - Juan Carlos Baldermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Doris Mücke
- iFL Phonetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Veerle Visser-Vandewalle
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Till A Dembek
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael T Barbe
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Czerwonky DM, Aberra AS, Gomez LJ. A boundary element method of bidomain modeling for predicting cellular responses to electromagnetic fields. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:036050. [PMID: 38862011 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad5704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Objective.Commonly used cable equation approaches for simulating the effects of electromagnetic fields on excitable cells make several simplifying assumptions that could limit their predictive power. Bidomain or 'whole' finite element methods have been developed to fully couple cells and electric fields for more realistic neuron modeling. Here, we introduce a novel bidomain integral equation designed for determining the full electromagnetic coupling between stimulation devices and the intracellular, membrane, and extracellular regions of neurons.Approach.Our proposed boundary element formulation offers a solution to an integral equation that connects the device, tissue inhomogeneity, and cell membrane-induced E-fields. We solve this integral equation using first-order nodal elements and an unconditionally stable Crank-Nicholson time-stepping scheme. To validate and demonstrate our approach, we simulated cylindrical Hodgkin-Huxley axons and spherical cells in multiple brain stimulation scenarios.Main Results.Comparison studies show that a boundary element approach produces accurate results for both electric and magnetic stimulation. Unlike bidomain finite element methods, the bidomain boundary element method does not require volume meshes containing features at multiple scales. As a result, modeling cells, or tightly packed populations of cells, with microscale features embedded in a macroscale head model, is simplified, and the relative placement of devices and cells can be varied without the need to generate a new mesh.Significance.Device-induced electromagnetic fields are commonly used to modulate brain activity for research and therapeutic applications. Bidomain solvers allow for the full incorporation of realistic cell geometries, device E-fields, and neuron populations. Thus, multi-cell studies of advanced neuronal mechanisms would greatly benefit from the development of fast-bidomain solvers to ensure scalability and the practical execution of neural network simulations with realistic neuron morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Czerwonky
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - Aman S Aberra
- Dartmouth Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States of America
| | - Luis J Gomez
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
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Borgheai SB, Opri E, Isbaine F, Cole E, Deligani RJ, Laxpati N, Risk BB, Willie JT, Gross RE, Yong NA, McIntyre CC, Miocinovic S. Neural pathway activation in the subthalamic region depends on stimulation polarity. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.01.24306044. [PMID: 38746250 PMCID: PMC11092741 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.01.24306044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD); however, there is limited understanding of which subthalamic pathways are recruited in response to stimulation. Here, by focusing on the polarity of the stimulus waveform (cathodic vs. anodic), our goal was to elucidate biophysical mechanisms that underlie electrical stimulation in the human brain. In clinical studies, cathodic stimulation more easily triggers behavioral responses, but anodic DBS broadens the therapeutic window. This suggests that neural pathways involved respond preferentially depending on stimulus polarity. To experimentally compare the activation of therapeutically relevant pathways during cathodic and anodic subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS, pathway activation was quantified by measuring evoked potentials resulting from antidromic or orthodromic activation in 15 PD patients undergoing DBS implantation. Cortical evoked potentials (cEP) were recorded using subdural electrocorticography, DBS local evoked potentials (DLEP) were recorded from non-stimulating contacts and EMG activity was recorded from arm and face muscles. We measured: 1) the amplitude of short-latency cEP, previously demonstrated to reflect activation of the cortico-STN hyperdirect pathway, 2) DLEP amplitude thought to reflect activation of STN-globus pallidus (GP) pathway, and 3) amplitudes of very short-latency cEP and motor evoked potentials (mEP) for activation of cortico-spinal/bulbar tract (CSBT). We constructed recruitment and strength-duration curves for each EP/pathway to compare the excitability for different stimulation polarities. We compared experimental data with the most advanced DBS computational models. Our results provide experimental evidence that subcortical cathodic and anodic stimulation activate the same pathways in the STN region and that cathodic stimulation is in general more efficient. However, relative efficiency varies for different pathways so that anodic stimulation is the least efficient in activating CSBT, more efficient in activating the HDP and as efficient as cathodic in activating STN-GP pathway. Our experiments confirm biophysical model predictions regarding neural activations in the central nervous system and provide evidence that stimulus polarity has differential effects on passing axons, terminal synapses, and local neurons. Comparison of experimental results with clinical DBS studies provides further evidence that the hyperdirect pathway may be involved in the therapeutic mechanisms of DBS.
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Ng PR, Bush A, Vissani M, McIntyre CC, Richardson RM. Biophysical Principles and Computational Modeling of Deep Brain Stimulation. Neuromodulation 2024; 27:422-439. [PMID: 37204360 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2023.04.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has revolutionized the treatment of neurological disorders, yet the mechanisms of DBS are still under investigation. Computational models are important in silico tools for elucidating these underlying principles and potentially for personalizing DBS therapy to individual patients. The basic principles underlying neurostimulation computational models, however, are not well known in the clinical neuromodulation community. OBJECTIVE In this study, we present a tutorial on the derivation of computational models of DBS and outline the biophysical contributions of electrodes, stimulation parameters, and tissue substrates to the effects of DBS. RESULTS Given that many aspects of DBS are difficult to characterize experimentally, computational models have played an important role in understanding how material, size, shape, and contact segmentation influence device biocompatibility, energy efficiency, the spatial spread of the electric field, and the specificity of neural activation. Neural activation is dictated by stimulation parameters including frequency, current vs voltage control, amplitude, pulse width, polarity configurations, and waveform. These parameters also affect the potential for tissue damage, energy efficiency, the spatial spread of the electric field, and the specificity of neural activation. Activation of the neural substrate also is influenced by the encapsulation layer surrounding the electrode, the conductivity of the surrounding tissue, and the size and orientation of white matter fibers. These properties modulate the effects of the electric field and determine the ultimate therapeutic response. CONCLUSION This article describes biophysical principles that are useful for understanding the mechanisms of neurostimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Bush
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matteo Vissani
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cameron C McIntyre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert Mark Richardson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Boogers A, Peeters J, Van Bogaert T, De Vloo P, Vandenberghe W, Nuttin B, Mc Laughlin M. Interphase Gaps in Symmetric Biphasic Pulses Reduce the Therapeutic Window in Ventral Intermediate Nucleus of the Thalamus-Deep Brain Stimulation for Essential Tremor. Neuromodulation 2023; 26:1699-1704. [PMID: 36404213 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Symmetric biphasic pulses enlarge the therapeutic window in thalamic deep brain stimulation in patients with essential tremor. Adding an interphase gap to these symmetric biphasic pulses may further affect the therapeutic window. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine patients (16 hemispheres) were included in this study. Biphasic pulses (anodic phase first) with interphase gaps of 0, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μs were tested, in random order. The outcome parameters were the therapeutic threshold (TT) and side-effect threshold (SET), and thus also the therapeutic window (TW). RESULTS Increasing interphase gaps lowered both SET and TT (linear mixed-effects model; p < 0.001 and p < 0.001). Because SET decreased predominantly, increasing interphase gaps resulted in smaller TWs (linear mixed-effects model; p < 0.001). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Introducing an interphase gap in a symmetric biphasic pulse may lead to less selectivity in fiber or neuronal activation. Our findings show that, in the context of anode-first biphasic pulses, the use of zero-interphase gaps results in the largest TW. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The Clinicaltrials.gov registration number for the study is NCT05177900.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Boogers
- Exp ORL, Department of Neurosciences, the Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jana Peeters
- Exp ORL, Department of Neurosciences, the Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tine Van Bogaert
- Exp ORL, Department of Neurosciences, the Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe De Vloo
- Department of Neurosurgery, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Parkinson Research, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Nuttin
- Department of Neurosurgery, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Myles Mc Laughlin
- Exp ORL, Department of Neurosciences, the Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Campbell BA, Favi Bocca L, Tiefenbach J, Hogue O, Nagel SJ, Rammo R, Escobar Sanabria D, Machado AG, Baker KB. Myogenic and cortical evoked potentials vary as a function of stimulus pulse geometry delivered in the subthalamic nucleus of Parkinson's disease patients. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1216916. [PMID: 37693765 PMCID: PMC10484227 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1216916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The therapeutic efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for Parkinson's disease (PD) may be limited for some patients by the presence of stimulation-related side effects. Such effects are most often attributed to electrical current spread beyond the target region. Prior computational modeling studies have suggested that changing the degree of asymmetry of the individual phases of the biphasic, stimulus pulse may allow for more selective activation of neural elements in the target region. To the extent that different neural elements contribute to the therapeutic vs. side-effect inducing effects of DBS, such improved selectivity may provide a new parameter for optimizing DBS to increase the therapeutic window. Methods We investigated the effect of six different pulse geometries on cortical and myogenic evoked potentials in eight patients with PD whose leads were temporarily externalized following STN DBS implant surgery. DBS-cortical evoked potentials were quantified using peak to peak measurements and wavelets and myogenic potentials were quantified using RMS. Results We found that the slope of the recruitment curves differed significantly as a function of pulse geometry for both the cortical- and myogenic responses. Notably, this effect was observed most frequently when stimulation was delivered using a monopolar, as opposed to a bipolar, configuration. Discussion Manipulating pulse geometry results in differential physiological effects at both the cortical and neuromuscular level. Exploiting these differences may help to expand DBS' therapeutic window and support the potential for incorporating pulse geometry as an additional parameter for optimizing therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A. Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Leonardo Favi Bocca
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jakov Tiefenbach
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Olivia Hogue
- Center for Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sean J. Nagel
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Richard Rammo
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - David Escobar Sanabria
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Andre G. Machado
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Kenneth B. Baker
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Gilbert Z, Mason X, Sebastian R, Tang AM, Martin Del Campo-Vera R, Chen KH, Leonor A, Shao A, Tabarsi E, Chung R, Sundaram S, Kammen A, Cavaleri J, Gogia AS, Heck C, Nune G, Liu CY, Kellis SS, Lee B. A review of neurophysiological effects and efficiency of waveform parameters in deep brain stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 152:93-111. [PMID: 37208270 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Neurostimulation has diverse clinical applications and potential as a treatment for medically refractory movement disorders, epilepsy, and other neurological disorders. However, the parameters used to program electrodes-polarity, pulse width, amplitude, and frequency-and how they are adjusted have remained largely untouched since the 1970 s. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art in Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) and highlights the need for further research to uncover the physiological mechanisms of neurostimulation. We focus on studies that reveal the potential for clinicians to use waveform parameters to selectively stimulate neural tissue for therapeutic benefit, while avoiding activating tissue associated with adverse effects. DBS uses cathodic monophasic rectangular pulses with passive recharging in clinical practice to treat neurological conditions such as Parkinson's Disease. However, research has shown that stimulation efficiency can be improved, and side effects reduced, through modulating parameters and adding novel waveform properties. These developments can prolong implantable pulse generator lifespan, reducing costs and surgery-associated risks. Waveform parameters can stimulate neurons based on axon orientation and intrinsic structural properties, providing clinicians with more precise targeting of neural pathways. These findings could expand the spectrum of diseases treatable with neuromodulation and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Gilbert
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Xenos Mason
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rinu Sebastian
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Austin M Tang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Roberto Martin Del Campo-Vera
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kuang-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrea Leonor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Arthur Shao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Emiliano Tabarsi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ryan Chung
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shivani Sundaram
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alexandra Kammen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan Cavaleri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Angad S Gogia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christi Heck
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - George Nune
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Charles Y Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Spencer S Kellis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Brian Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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10
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Boogers A, Peeters J, Van Bogaert T, Rusz J, Bogaert-Miclaus C, Loret G, De Vloo P, Vandenberghe W, Nuttin B, Mc Laughlin M. Acute stimulation with symmetric biphasic pulses induces less ataxia compared to cathodic pulses in DBS for essential tremor. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 111:105435. [PMID: 37187082 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symmetric biphasic pulses have been shown to acutely increase the therapeutic window of ventralis intermedius deep brain stimulation (Vim-DBS) for essential tremor (ET) compared to cathodic pulses. Acute supratherapeutic stimulation can induce ataxic side effects in Vim-DBS. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect on tremor, ataxia and dysarthria of 3 h of biphasic stimulation in patients with DBS for ET. METHODS A randomized, doubled-blind, cross-over design was used to compare standard cathodic pulses with symmetric biphasic pulses (anode-first) during a 3-h period per pulse shape. During each 3-h period, all stimulation parameters were identical, except for the pulse shape. Tremor (Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Rating Scale), ataxia (International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale) and speech (acoustic and perceptual measures) were assessed hourly during the 3-h periods. RESULTS Twelve ET patients were included. During the 3-h stimulation period, tremor control was equivalent between the two pulse shapes. Biphasic pulses elicited significantly less ataxia than cathodic pulses (p = 0.006). Diadochokinesis rate of speech was better for the biphasic pulse (p = 0.048), but other measures for dysarthria were not significantly different between the pulses. CONCLUSION Symmetric biphasic pulses induce less ataxia than conventional pulses after 3 h of stimulation DBS in ET patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Boogers
- Exp ORL, Department of Neurosciences, The Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jana Peeters
- Exp ORL, Department of Neurosciences, The Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tine Van Bogaert
- Exp ORL, Department of Neurosciences, The Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Rusz
- Department of Circuit Theory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 2, 160 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | - Griet Loret
- Department of Neurology, AZ Sint-Lucas, Groenebriel 1, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Philippe De Vloo
- Department of Neurosurgery, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurology, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Parkinson Research, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Nuttin
- Department of Neurosurgery, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Myles Mc Laughlin
- Exp ORL, Department of Neurosciences, The Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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11
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Munhoz RP, Albuainain G. Deep brain stimulation - New programming algorithms and teleprogramming. Expert Rev Neurother 2023; 23:467-478. [PMID: 37115193 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2208749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thanks to a variety of factors, the field of neuromodulation has evolved significantly over the past decade. Developments include new indications and innovations of hardware, software, and stimulation techniques leading to an expansion in scope and role of these techniques as powerful therapies. They also imply the realization that practical application involves new nuances that make patient selection, surgical technique and the programming process even more complex, requiring continuous education and an organized structured approach. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors explore the developments in deep brain stimulation technology, including electrodes, implantable pulse generators, contact configurations (i.e, directional leads and independent current control), remote programming and sensing using local field potentials. EXPERT OPINION The innovations in the field of deep brain stimulation discussed in this review potentially provide increased effectiveness and flexibility not only to improve therapeutic response but also to address troubleshooting challenges seen in clinical practice. Directional leads and shorter pulse widths may broaden the therapeutic window of stimulation, avoiding current spread to structures that might trigger stimulation-related side effects. Similarly, independent control of current to individual contacts allows for the shaping of the electric field. Finally, sensing and remote programming represent important developments for more effective and individualized patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Puppi Munhoz
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Ghadh Albuainain
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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12
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Roediger J, Dembek TA, Achtzehn J, Busch JL, Krämer AP, Faust K, Schneider GH, Krause P, Horn A, Kühn AA. Automated deep brain stimulation programming based on electrode location: a randomised, crossover trial using a data-driven algorithm. Lancet Digit Health 2023; 5:e59-e70. [PMID: 36528541 DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(22)00214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is highly effective in controlling motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease. However, correct selection of stimulation parameters is pivotal to treatment success and currently follows a time-consuming and demanding trial-and-error process. We aimed to assess treatment effects of stimulation parameters suggested by a recently published algorithm (StimFit) based on neuroimaging data. METHODS This double-blind, randomised, crossover, non-inferiority trial was carried out at Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany, and enrolled patients with Parkinson's disease treated with directional octopolar electrodes targeted at the STN. All patients had undergone DBS programming according to our centre's standard of care (SoC) treatment before study recruitment. Based on perioperative imaging data, DBS electrodes were reconstructed and StimFit was applied to suggest optimal stimulation settings. Patients underwent motor assessments using the Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III (MDS-UPDRS-III) during OFF-medication and in OFF-stimulation and ON-stimulation states under both conditions, StimFit and SoC parameter settings. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either StimFit-programmed DBS first and SoC-programmed DBS second, or SoC-programmed DBS first and StimFit-programmed DBS second. The allocation schedule was generated using a computerised random number generator. Both the rater and patients were masked to the sequence of SoC and StimFit stimulation conditions. All patients who participated in the study were included in the analysis. The primary endpoint of this study was the absolute mean difference between MDS-UPDRS-III scores under StimFit and SoC stimulation, with a non-inferiority margin of 5 points. The study was registered at the German Register for Clinical Trials (DRKS00023115), and is complete. FINDINGS Between July 10, 2020, and Oct 28, 2021, 35 patients were enrolled in the study; 18 received StimFit followed by SoC stimulation, and 17 received SoC followed by StimFit stimulation. Mean MDS-UPDRS-III scores improved from 47·3 (SD 17·1) at OFF-stimulation baseline to 24·7 (SD 12·4) and 26·3 (SD 12·4) under SoC and StimFit stimulation, respectively. Mean difference between motor scores was -1·6 (SD 7·1; 95% CI -4·0 to 0·9; superiority test psuperiority=0·20; n=35), establishing non-inferiority of StimFit stimulation at a margin of -5 points (non-inferiority test pnon-inferiority=0·0038). In six patients (17%), initial programming of StimFit settings resulted in acute side-effects and amplitudes were reduced until side-effects disappeared. INTERPRETATION Automated data-driven algorithms can predict stimulation parameters that lead to motor symptom control comparable to SoC treatment. This approach could significantly decrease the time necessary to obtain optimal treatment parameters. FUNDING Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through NeuroCure Clinical Research Center and TRR 295.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Roediger
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Till A Dembek
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johannes Achtzehn
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes L Busch
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna-Pauline Krämer
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Faust
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd-Helge Schneider
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patricia Krause
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Horn
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; MGH Neurosurgery and Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (CNTR) at MGH Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Clinical Research Centre, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZNE, German Center for Degenerative Diseases, Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Saavedra F, Osorio R, Aqueveque P, Andrews B. Effect of the Current Intensity and Inter-Electrode Distance in Surface Electrical Stimulation: A FEM Simulation Study. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2022; 2022:752-755. [PMID: 36086521 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In functional electric stimulation, variables such as electrode size, shape, and inter-electrodes distance can produce different neural and functional responses. In this work, a computational model combining FEM and MRG axon models is implemented to replicate two experimental studies that compare the effect of changing inter-electrode distance when applying FES to induce knee flexion. One work affirms that the stronger torque happens for greater distances, while the other obtain its maximum at lower distances. Using a simplified computational model gave another study perspective to understand why these two stimulation methodologies obtain different results. According to our results, an anodic stimulation occurs with greater current intensities and inter-electrode distances. This anodic effect can activate other nerve or motor points in the vicinity of the anode, explaining that more muscle fibers are recruited and generate an increased torque. Clinical Relevance - This work gives another view to understanding how the distance between electrodes affects neural activation, which has implications for optimizing clinical and exercise protocols using electrical stimulation techniques.
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14
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Stieger KC, Eles JR, Ludwig K, Kozai TDY. Intracortical microstimulation pulse waveform and frequency recruits distinct spatiotemporal patterns of cortical neuron and neuropil activation. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 35263736 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac5bf5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neural prosthetics often use intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) for sensory restoration. To restore natural and functional feedback, we must first understand how stimulation parameters influence the recruitment of neural populations. ICMS waveform asymmetry modulates the spatial activation of neurons around an electrode at 10 Hz; however, it is unclear how asymmetry may differentially modulate population activity at frequencies typically employed in the clinic (e.g. 100 Hz). We hypothesized that stimulation waveform asymmetry would differentially modulate preferential activation of certain neural populations, and the differential population activity would be frequency-dependent. APPROACH We quantified how asymmetric stimulation waveforms delivered at 10 Hz or 100 Hz for 30s modulated spatiotemporal activity of cortical layer II/III pyramidal neurons using in vivo two-photon and mesoscale calcium imaging in anesthetized mice. Asymmetry is defined in terms of the ratio of the duration of the leading phase to the duration of the return phase of charge-balanced cathodal- and anodal-first waveforms (i.e. longer leading phase relative to return has larger asymmetry). MAIN RESULTS Neurons within 40-60µm of the electrode display stable stimulation-induced activity indicative of direct activation, which was independent of waveform asymmetry. The stability of 72% of activated neurons and the preferential activation of 20-90 % of neurons depended on waveform asymmetry. Additionally, this asymmetry-dependent activation of different neural populations was associated with differential progression of population activity. Specifically, neural activity tended to increase over time during 10 hz stimulation for some waveforms, whereas activity remained at the same level throughout stimulation for other waveforms. During 100 Hz stimulation, neural activity decreased over time for all waveforms, but decreased more for the waveforms that resulted in increasing neural activity during 10 Hz stimulation. SIGNIFICANCE These data demonstrate that at frequencies commonly used for sensory restoration, stimulation waveform alters the pattern of activation of different but overlapping populations of excitatory neurons. The impact of these waveform specific responses on the activation of different subtypes of neurons as well as sensory perception merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Stieger
- Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Technology Dr, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219, UNITED STATES
| | - James Regis Eles
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Technology Dr, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219, UNITED STATES
| | - Kip Ludwig
- Biomedical Engineering and Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin Madison, XXX, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, UNITED STATES
| | - Takashi D Yoshida Kozai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Ave, 5059-BST3, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219, UNITED STATES
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15
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Paulk AC, Zelmann R, Crocker B, Widge AS, Dougherty DD, Eskandar EN, Weisholtz DS, Richardson RM, Cosgrove GR, Williams ZM, Cash SS. Local and distant cortical responses to single pulse intracranial stimulation in the human brain are differentially modulated by specific stimulation parameters. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:491-508. [PMID: 35247646 PMCID: PMC8985164 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrical neuromodulation via direct electrical stimulation (DES) is an increasingly common therapy for a wide variety of neuropsychiatric diseases. Unfortunately, therapeutic efficacy is inconsistent, likely due to our limited understanding of the relationship between the massive stimulation parameter space and brain tissue responses. OBJECTIVE To better understand how different parameters induce varied neural responses, we systematically examined single pulse-induced cortico-cortico evoked potentials (CCEP) as a function of stimulation amplitude, duration, brain region, and whether grey or white matter was stimulated. METHODS We measured voltage peak amplitudes and area under the curve (AUC) of intracranially recorded stimulation responses as a function of distance from the stimulation site, pulse width, current injected, location relative to grey and white matter, and brain region stimulated (N = 52, n = 719 stimulation sites). RESULTS Increasing stimulation pulse width increased responses near the stimulation location. Increasing stimulation amplitude (current) increased both evoked amplitudes and AUC nonlinearly. Locally (<15 mm), stimulation at the boundary between grey and white matter induced larger responses. In contrast, for distant sites (>15 mm), white matter stimulation consistently produced larger responses than stimulation in or near grey matter. The stimulation location-response curves followed different trends for cingulate, lateral frontal, and lateral temporal cortical stimulation. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that a stronger local response may require stimulation in the grey-white boundary while stimulation in the white matter could be needed for network activation. Thus, stimulation parameters tailored for a specific anatomical-functional outcome may be key to advancing neuromodulatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique C Paulk
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Rina Zelmann
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Britni Crocker
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Alik S Widge
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Darin D Dougherty
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Emad N Eskandar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Daniel S Weisholtz
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - R Mark Richardson
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - G Rees Cosgrove
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ziv M Williams
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Sydney S Cash
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Boogers A, Peeters J, Van Bogaert T, Asamoah B, De Vloo P, Vandenberghe W, Nuttin B, Laughlin MM. Anodic and symmetric biphasic pulses enlarge the therapeutic window in deep brain stimulation for essential tremor. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:286-290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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17
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Mau ETK, Rosenblum M. Optimizing charge-balanced pulse stimulation for desynchronization. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2022; 32:013103. [PMID: 35105136 DOI: 10.1063/5.0070036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Collective synchronization in a large population of self-sustained units appears both in natural and engineered systems. Sometimes this effect is in demand, while in some cases, it is undesirable, which calls for control techniques. In this paper, we focus on pulsatile control, with the goal to either increase or decrease the level of synchrony. We quantify this level by the entropy of the phase distribution. Motivated by possible applications in neuroscience, we consider pulses of a realistic shape. Exploiting the noisy Kuramoto-Winfree model, we search for the optimal pulse profile and the optimal stimulation phase. For this purpose, we derive an expression for the change of the phase distribution entropy due to the stimulus. We relate this change to the properties of individual units characterized by generally different natural frequencies and phase response curves and the population's state. We verify the general result by analyzing a two-frequency population model and demonstrating a good agreement of the theory and numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik T K Mau
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Michael Rosenblum
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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18
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Anderson DN, Charlebois CM, Smith EH, Arain AM, Davis TS, Rolston JD. Probabilistic comparison of gray and white matter coverage between depth and surface intracranial electrodes in epilepsy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24155. [PMID: 34921176 PMCID: PMC8683494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we quantified the coverage of gray and white matter during intracranial electroencephalography in a cohort of epilepsy patients with surface and depth electrodes. We included 65 patients with strip electrodes (n = 12), strip and grid electrodes (n = 24), strip, grid, and depth electrodes (n = 7), or depth electrodes only (n = 22). Patient-specific imaging was used to generate probabilistic gray and white matter maps and atlas segmentations. Gray and white matter coverage was quantified using spherical volumes centered on electrode centroids, with radii ranging from 1 to 15 mm, along with detailed finite element models of local electric fields. Gray matter coverage was highly dependent on the chosen radius of influence (RoI). Using a 2.5 mm RoI, depth electrodes covered more gray matter than surface electrodes; however, surface electrodes covered more gray matter at RoI larger than 4 mm. White matter coverage and amygdala and hippocampal coverage was greatest for depth electrodes at all RoIs. This study provides the first probabilistic analysis to quantify coverage for different intracranial recording configurations. Depth electrodes offer increased coverage of gray matter over other recording strategies if the desired signals are local, while subdural grids and strips sample more gray matter if the desired signals are diffuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Nesterovich Anderson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Chantel M Charlebois
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Elliot H Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Amir M Arain
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tyler S Davis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John D Rolston
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Roediger J, Dembek TA, Wenzel G, Butenko K, Kühn AA, Horn A. StimFit-A Data-Driven Algorithm for Automated Deep Brain Stimulation Programming. Mov Disord 2021; 37:574-584. [PMID: 34837245 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Finding the optimal deep brain stimulation (DBS) parameters from a multitude of possible combinations by trial and error is time consuming and requires highly trained medical personnel. OBJECTIVE We developed an automated algorithm to identify optimal stimulation settings in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients treated with subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS based on imaging-derived metrics. METHODS Electrode locations and monopolar review data of 612 stimulation settings acquired from 31 PD patients were used to train a predictive model for therapeutic and adverse stimulation effects. Model performance was then evaluated within the training cohort using cross-validation and on an independent cohort of 19 patients. We inverted the model by applying a brute-force approach to determine the optimal stimulation sites in the target region. Finally, an optimization algorithm was established to identify optimal stimulation parameters. Suggested stimulation parameters were compared to the ones applied in clinical practice. RESULTS Predicted motor outcome correlated with observed outcome (R = 0.57, P < 10-10 ) across patients within the training cohort. In the test cohort, the model explained 28% of the variance in motor outcome differences between settings. The stimulation site for maximum motor improvement was located at the dorsolateral border of the STN. When compared to two empirical settings, model-based suggestions more closely matched the setting with superior motor improvement. CONCLUSION We developed and validated a data-driven model that can suggest stimulation parameters leading to optimal motor improvement while minimizing the risk of stimulation-induced side effects. This approach might provide guidance for DBS programming in the future. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Roediger
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany.,Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Till A Dembek
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gregor Wenzel
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Konstantin Butenko
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany.,Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Clinical Research Centre, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,DZNE, German Center for Degenerative Diseases, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Horn
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
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20
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Jiang F, Elahi B, Saxena M, Telkes I, DiMarzio M, Pilitsis JG, Golestanirad L. Patient-specific modeling of the volume of tissue activated (VTA) is associated with clinical outcome of DBS in patients with an obsessive-compulsive disorder. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:5889-5892. [PMID: 34892459 PMCID: PMC10829536 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) promises to treat an increasing number of neurological and psychiatric disorders. DBS outcome is directly a factor of optimal targeting of the relevant brain structures. Computational models can help to interpret a patient's outcome by predicting the volume of tissue activated (VTA) around DBS electrode contacts. Here we report results of a preliminary study of DBS in two patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and show that VTA predictions, which are based on patient-specific volume conductor models, correlate with clinical outcome. Our results suggest that patient specific VTA calculation can help inform device programing to maximize therapeutic effects and minimize side effects.Clinical Relevance- Patient-specific modeling of the volume of activated tissue can predict clinical outcomes and thus, can help to optimize DBS device programing to maximize therapeutic effects.
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21
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Garic D, Yeh FC, Graziano P, Dick AS. In vivo restricted diffusion imaging (RDI) is sensitive to differences in axonal density in typical children and adults. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:2689-2705. [PMID: 34432153 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The ability to dissociate axonal density in vivo from other microstructural properties is important for the diagnosis and treatment of neurologic disease, and new methods to do so are being developed. We investigated one such method-restricted diffusion imaging (RDI)-to see whether it can more accurately replicate histological axonal density patterns in the corpus callosum (CC) of adults and children compared to diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), and generalized q-sampling imaging (GQI) methods. To do so, we compared known axonal density patterns defined by histology to diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) scans of 840 healthy 20- to 40-year-old adults, and to DWI scans of 129 typically developing 7-month-old to 18-year-old children and adolescents. Contrast analyses were used to compare pattern similarities between the in vivo metric and previously published histological density models. We found that RDI was effective at mapping axonal density of small (Cohen's d = 2.60) and large fiber sizes (Cohen's d = 2.84) in adults. The same pattern was observed in the developing sample (Cohen's d = 3.09 and 3.78, respectively). Other metrics, notably NODDI's intracellular volume fraction in adults and GQI generalized fractional anisotropy in children, were also sensitive metrics. In conclusion, the study showed that the novel RDI metric is sensitive to density of small and large axons in adults and children, with both single- and multi-shell acquisition DWI data. Its effectiveness and availability to be used on standard as well as advanced DWI acquisitions makes it a promising method in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dea Garic
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Fang-Cheng Yeh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Paulo Graziano
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Anthony Steven Dick
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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22
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Duffley G, Lutz BJ, Szabo A, Wright A, Hess CW, Ramirez-Zamora A, Zeilman P, Chiu S, Foote KD, Okun MS, Butson CR. Home Health Management of Parkinson Disease Deep Brain Stimulation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol 2021; 78:972-981. [PMID: 34180949 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.1910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Importance The travel required to receive deep brain stimulation (DBS) programming causes substantial burden on patients and limits who can access DBS therapy. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of home health DBS postoperative management in an effort to reduce travel burden and improve access. Design, Settings, and Participants This open-label randomized clinical trial was conducted at University of Florida Health from November 2017 to April 2020. Eligible participants had a diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) and were scheduled to receive DBS independently of the study. Consenting participants were randomized 1:1 to receive either standard of care or home health postoperative DBS management for 6 months after surgery. Primary caregivers, usually spouses, were also enrolled to assess caregiver strain. Interventions The home health postoperative management was conducted by a home health nurse who chose DBS settings with the aid of the iPad-based Mobile Application for PD DBS system. Prior to the study, the home health nurse had no experience providing DBS care. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the number of times each patient traveled to the movement disorders clinic during the study period. Secondary outcomes included changes from baseline on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III. Results Approximately 75 patients per year were scheduled for DBS. Of the patients who met inclusion criteria over the entire study duration, 45 either declined or were excluded for various reasons. Of the 44 patients enrolled, 19 of 21 randomized patients receiving the standard of care (mean [SD] age, 64.1 [10.0] years; 11 men) and 23 of 23 randomized patients receiving home health who underwent a minimum of 1 postoperative management visit (mean [SD] age, 65.0 [10.9] years; 13 men) were included in analysis. The primary outcome revealed that patients randomized to home health had significantly fewer clinic visits than the patients in the standard of care arm (mean [SD], 0.4 [0.8] visits vs 4.8 [0.4] visits; P < .001). We found no significant differences between the groups in the secondary outcomes measuring the efficacy of DBS. No adverse events occurred in association with the study procedure or devices. Conclusions and Relevance This study provides evidence supporting the safety and feasibility of postoperative home health DBS management. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02474459.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Duffley
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Barbara J Lutz
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina-Wilmington, Wilmington
| | - Aniko Szabo
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health & Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Adrienne Wright
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Christopher W Hess
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Pamela Zeilman
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Shannon Chiu
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Kelly D Foote
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Michael S Okun
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Christopher R Butson
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.,Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville.,Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
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23
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Therapies to Restore Consciousness in Patients with Severe Brain Injuries: A Gap Analysis and Future Directions. Neurocrit Care 2021; 35:68-85. [PMID: 34236624 PMCID: PMC8266715 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-021-01227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background/Objective For patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) and their families, the search for new therapies has been a source of hope and frustration. Almost all clinical trials in patients with DoC have been limited by small sample sizes, lack of placebo groups, and use of heterogeneous outcome measures. As a result, few therapies have strong evidence to support their use; amantadine is the only therapy recommended by current clinical guidelines, specifically for patients with DoC caused by severe traumatic brain injury. To foster and advance development of consciousness-promoting therapies for patients with DoC, the Curing Coma Campaign convened a Coma Science Work Group to perform a gap analysis. Methods We consider five classes of therapies: (1) pharmacologic; (2) electromagnetic; (3) mechanical; (4) sensory; and (5) regenerative. For each class of therapy, we summarize the state of the science, identify gaps in knowledge, and suggest future directions for therapy development. Results Knowledge gaps in all five therapeutic classes can be attributed to the lack of: (1) a unifying conceptual framework for evaluating therapeutic mechanisms of action; (2) large-scale randomized controlled trials; and (3) pharmacodynamic biomarkers that measure subclinical therapeutic effects in early-phase trials. To address these gaps, we propose a precision medicine approach in which clinical trials selectively enroll patients based upon their physiological receptivity to targeted therapies, and therapeutic effects are measured by complementary behavioral, neuroimaging, and electrophysiologic endpoints. Conclusions This personalized approach can be realized through rigorous clinical trial design and international collaboration, both of which will be essential for advancing the development of new therapies and ultimately improving the lives of patients with DoC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12028-021-01227-y.
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24
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Verma N, Mudge JD, Kasole M, Chen RC, Blanz SL, Trevathan JK, Lovett EG, Williams JC, Ludwig KA. Auricular Vagus Neuromodulation-A Systematic Review on Quality of Evidence and Clinical Effects. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:664740. [PMID: 33994937 PMCID: PMC8120162 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.664740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The auricular branch of the vagus nerve runs superficially, which makes it a favorable target for non-invasive stimulation techniques to modulate vagal activity. For this reason, there have been many early-stage clinical trials on a diverse range of conditions. These trials often report conflicting results for the same indication. Methods: Using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool we conducted a systematic review of auricular vagus nerve stimulation (aVNS) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to identify the factors that led to these conflicting results. The majority of aVNS studies were assessed as having "some" or "high" risk of bias, which makes it difficult to interpret their results in a broader context. Results: There is evidence of a modest decrease in heart rate during higher stimulation dosages, sometimes at above the level of sensory discomfort. Findings on heart rate variability conflict between studies and are hindered by trial design, including inappropriate washout periods, and multiple methods used to quantify heart rate variability. There is early-stage evidence to suggest aVNS may reduce circulating levels and endotoxin-induced levels of inflammatory markers. Studies on epilepsy reached primary endpoints similar to previous RCTs testing implantable vagus nerve stimulation therapy. Preliminary evidence shows that aVNS ameliorated pathological pain but not evoked pain. Discussion: Based on results of the Cochrane analysis we list common improvements for the reporting of results, which can be implemented immediately to improve the quality of evidence. In the long term, existing data from aVNS studies and salient lessons from drug development highlight the need for direct measures of local neural target engagement. Direct measures of neural activity around the electrode will provide data for the optimization of electrode design, placement, and stimulation waveform parameters to improve on-target engagement and minimize off-target activation. Furthermore, direct measures of target engagement, along with consistent evaluation of blinding success, must be used to improve the design of controls-a major source of concern identified in the Cochrane analysis. The need for direct measures of neural target engagement and consistent evaluation of blinding success is applicable to the development of other paresthesia-inducing neuromodulation therapies and their control designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Verma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering (WITNe) – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jonah D. Mudge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering (WITNe) – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Maïsha Kasole
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering (WITNe) – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rex C. Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering (WITNe) – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Stephan L. Blanz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering (WITNe) – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - James K. Trevathan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering (WITNe) – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Justin C. Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering (WITNe) – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kip A. Ludwig
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering (WITNe) – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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25
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Pena AE, Abbas JJ, Jung R. Channel-hopping during surface electrical neurostimulation elicits selective, comfortable, distally referred sensations. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 33770781 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abf28c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Lack of sensation from a hand or prosthesis can result in substantial functional deficits. Surface electrical stimulation of the peripheral nerves is a promising non-invasive approach to restore lost sensory function. However, the utility of standard surface stimulation methods has been hampered by localized discomfort caused by unintended activation of afferents near the electrodes and limited ability to specifically target underlying neural tissue. The objectives of this work were to develop and evaluate a novel channel-hopping interleaved pulse scheduling (CHIPS) strategy for surface stimulation that is designed to activate deep nerves while reducing activation of fibers near the electrodes.Approach.The median nerve of able-bodied subjects was activated by up to two surface stimulating electrode pairs placed around their right wrist. Subjects received biphasic current pulses either from one electrode pair at a time (single-channel), or interleaved between two electrode pairs (multi-channel). Percept thresholds were characterized for five pulse durations under each approach, and psychophysical questionnaires were used to interrogate the perceived modality, quality and location of evoked sensations.Main results.Stimulation with CHIPS elicited enhanced tactile percepts that were distally referred, while avoiding the distracting sensations and discomfort associated with localized charge densities. These effects were reduced after introduction of large delays between interleaved pulses.Significance.These findings demonstrate that our pulse scheduling strategy can selectively elicit referred sensations that are comfortable, thus overcoming the primary limitations of standard surface stimulation methods. Implementation of this strategy with an array of spatially distributed electrodes may allow for rapid and effective stimulation fitting. The ability to elicit comfortable and referred tactile percepts may enable the use of this neurostimulation strategy to provide meaningful and intuitive feedback from a prosthesis, enhance tactile feedback after sensory loss secondary to nerve damage, and deliver non-invasive stimulation therapies to treat various pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Pena
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - J J Abbas
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - R Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America
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26
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Luo M, Narasimhan S, Larson PS, Martin AJ, Konrad PE, Miga MI. Impact of brain shift on neural pathways in deep brain stimulation: a preliminary analysis via multi-physics finite element models. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 33740780 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abf066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effectiveness of deep brain stimulation (DBS) depends on electrode placement accuracy, which can be compromised by brain shift during surgery. While there have been efforts in assessing the impact of electrode misplacement due to brain shift using preop- and postop- imaging data, such analysis using preop- and intraop- imaging data via biophysical modeling has not been conducted. This work presents a preliminary study that applies a multi-physics analysis framework using finite element biomechanical and bioelectric models to examine the impact of realistic intraoperative shift on neural pathways determined by tractography. APPROACH The study examined six patients who had undergone interventional magnetic resonance (iMR)-guided DBS surgery. The modeling framework utilized a biomechanical approach to update preoperative MR to reflect shift-induced anatomical changes. Using this anatomically deformed image and its undeformed counterpart, bioelectric effects from shifting electrode leads could be simulated and neural activation differences were approximated. Specifically, for each configuration, volume of tissue activation (VTA) was computed and subsequently used for tractography estimation. Total tract volume and overlapping volume with motor regions as well as connectivity profile were compared. In addition, volumetric overlap between different fiber bundles among configurations was computed and correlated to estimated shift. MAIN RESULT The study found deformation-induced differences in tract volume, motor region overlap, and connectivity behavior, suggesting the impact of shift. There is a strong correlation (R=-0.83) between shift from intended target and intended neural pathway recruitment, where at threshold of ~2.94 mm, intended recruitment completely degrades. The determined threshold is consistent with and provides quantitative support to prior observations and literature that deviations of 2-3 mm are detrimental. SIGNIFICANCE The findings support and advance prior studies and understanding to illustrate the need to account for shift in DBS and the potentiality of computational modeling for estimating influence of shift on neural activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Luo
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, UNITED STATES
| | - Saramati Narasimhan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Village at Vanderbilt, 1500 21st Ave. South, Nashville, Tennessee, 37212, UNITED STATES
| | - Paul S Larson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, Box 0112, 505 Parnassus Ave, Room M779, San Francisco, California, 94143, UNITED STATES
| | - Alastiar J Martin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California, 94143, UNITED STATES
| | - Peter E Konrad
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University, PO Box 9183, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, UNITED STATES
| | - Michael I Miga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5901 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37235, UNITED STATES
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27
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Alonso F, Zsigmond P, Wårdell K. Influence of Virchow-Robin spaces on the electric field distribution in subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 204:106596. [PMID: 33813373 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Patient MRI from DBS implantations in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) were reviewed and it was found that around 10% had Virchow-Robin spaces (VRS). Patient-specific models were developed to evaluate changes in the electric field (EF) around DBS leads. The patients (n = 7) were implanted bilaterally either with the standard voltage-controlled lead 3389 or with the directional current-controlled lead 6180. The EF distribution was evaluated by comparing simulations using patient-specific models with homogeneous models without VRS. The EF, depicted with an isocontour of 0.2 V/mm, showed a deformation in the presence of the VRS around the DBS lead. For patient-specific models, the radial extension of the EF isocontours was enlarged regardless of the operating mode or the DBS lead used. The location of the VRS in relation to the active contact and the stimulation amplitude, determined the changes in the shape and extension of the EF. It is concluded that it is important to take the patients' brain anatomy into account as the high conductivity in VRS will alter the electric field if close to the DBS lead. This can be a cause of unexpected side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Alonso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Peter Zsigmond
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Karin Wårdell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Sweden; Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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28
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Dembek TA, Baldermann JC, Petry-Schmelzer JN, Jergas H, Treuer H, Visser-Vandewalle V, Dafsari HS, Barbe MT. Sweetspot Mapping in Deep Brain Stimulation: Strengths and Limitations of Current Approaches. Neuromodulation 2021; 25:877-887. [PMID: 33476474 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Open questions remain regarding the optimal target, or sweetspot, for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in, for example, Parkinson's disease. Previous studies introduced different methods of mapping DBS effects to determine sweetspots. While having a direct impact on surgical targeting and postoperative programming in DBS, these methods so far have not been compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study investigated five previously published DBS mapping approaches regarding their potential to correctly identify a predefined target. Methods were investigated in silico in eight different use-case scenarios, which incorporated different types of clinical data, noise, and differences in underlying neuroanatomy. Dice coefficients were calculated to determine the overlap between identified sweetspots and the predefined target. Additionally, out-of-sample predictive capabilities were assessed using the amount of explained variance R2 . RESULTS The five investigated methods resulted in highly variable sweetspots. Methods based on voxel-wise statistics against average outcomes showed the best performance overall. While predictive capabilities were high, even in the best of cases Dice coefficients remained limited to values around 0.5, highlighting the overall limitations of sweetspot identification. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the strengths and limitations of current approaches to DBS sweetspot mapping. Those limitations need to be taken into account when considering the clinical implications. All future approaches should be investigated in silico before being applied to clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till A Dembek
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Hannah Jergas
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Harald Treuer
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Veerle Visser-Vandewalle
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Haidar S Dafsari
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael T Barbe
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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29
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Johnson KA, Duffley G, Anderson DN, Ostrem JL, Welter ML, Baldermann JC, Kuhn J, Huys D, Visser-Vandewalle V, Foltynie T, Zrinzo L, Hariz M, Leentjens AFG, Mogilner AY, Pourfar MH, Almeida L, Gunduz A, Foote KD, Okun MS, Butson CR. Structural connectivity predicts clinical outcomes of deep brain stimulation for Tourette syndrome. Brain 2020; 143:2607-2623. [PMID: 32653920 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation may be an effective therapy for select cases of severe, treatment-refractory Tourette syndrome; however, patient responses are variable, and there are no reliable methods to predict clinical outcomes. The objectives of this retrospective study were to identify the stimulation-dependent structural networks associated with improvements in tics and comorbid obsessive-compulsive behaviour, compare the networks across surgical targets, and determine if connectivity could be used to predict clinical outcomes. Volumes of tissue activated for a large multisite cohort of patients (n = 66) implanted bilaterally in globus pallidus internus (n = 34) or centromedial thalamus (n = 32) were used to generate probabilistic tractography to form a normative structural connectome. The tractography maps were used to identify networks that were correlated with improvement in tics or comorbid obsessive-compulsive behaviour and to predict clinical outcomes across the cohort. The correlated networks were then used to generate 'reverse' tractography to parcellate the total volume of stimulation across all patients to identify local regions to target or avoid. The results showed that for globus pallidus internus, connectivity to limbic networks, associative networks, caudate, thalamus, and cerebellum was positively correlated with improvement in tics; the model predicted clinical improvement scores (P = 0.003) and was robust to cross-validation. Regions near the anteromedial pallidum exhibited higher connectivity to the positively correlated networks than posteroventral pallidum, and volume of tissue activated overlap with this map was significantly correlated with tic improvement (P < 0.017). For centromedial thalamus, connectivity to sensorimotor networks, parietal-temporal-occipital networks, putamen, and cerebellum was positively correlated with tic improvement; the model predicted clinical improvement scores (P = 0.012) and was robust to cross-validation. Regions in the anterior/lateral centromedial thalamus exhibited higher connectivity to the positively correlated networks, but volume of tissue activated overlap with this map did not predict improvement (P > 0.23). For obsessive-compulsive behaviour, both targets showed that connectivity to the prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and cingulate cortex was positively correlated with improvement; however, only the centromedial thalamus maps predicted clinical outcomes across the cohort (P = 0.034), but the model was not robust to cross-validation. Collectively, the results demonstrate that the structural connectivity of the site of stimulation are likely important for mediating symptom improvement, and the networks involved in tic improvement may differ across surgical targets. These networks provide important insight on potential mechanisms and could be used to guide lead placement and stimulation parameter selection, as well as refine targets for neuromodulation therapies for Tourette syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara A Johnson
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Gordon Duffley
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Daria Nesterovich Anderson
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jill L Ostrem
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marie-Laure Welter
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epiniere, Sorbonne Universités, University of Pierre and Marie Curie University of Paris, the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research U 1127, the National Center for Scientific Research 7225, Paris, France
| | - Juan Carlos Baldermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Kuhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatic Medicine, Johanniter Hospital Oberhausen, EVKLN, Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Daniel Huys
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Veerle Visser-Vandewalle
- Department of Stereotaxy and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Foltynie
- Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Ludvic Zrinzo
- Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Marwan Hariz
- Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Albert F G Leentjens
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alon Y Mogilner
- Center for Neuromodulation, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael H Pourfar
- Center for Neuromodulation, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Leonardo Almeida
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases , Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Aysegul Gunduz
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases , Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kelly D Foote
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases , Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael S Okun
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases , Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Christopher R Butson
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Petry-Schmelzer JN, Jergas H, Thies T, Steffen JK, Reker P, Dafsari HS, Mücke D, Fink GR, Visser-Vandewalle V, Dembek TA, Barbe MT. Network Fingerprint of Stimulation-Induced Speech Impairment in Essential Tremor. Ann Neurol 2020; 89:315-326. [PMID: 33201528 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to gain insights into structural networks associated with stimulation-induced dysarthria (SID) and to predict stimulation-induced worsening of intelligibility in essential tremor patients with bilateral thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS). METHODS Monopolar reviews were conducted in 14 essential tremor patients. Testing included determination of SID thresholds, intelligibility ratings, and a fast syllable repetition task. Volumes of tissue activated (VTAs) were calculated to identify discriminative fibers for stimulation-induced worsening of intelligibility in a structural connectome. The resulting fiber-based atlas structure was then validated in a leave-one-out design. RESULTS Fibers determined as discriminative for stimulation-induced worsening of intelligibility were mainly connected to the ipsilateral precentral gyrus as well as to both cerebellar hemispheres and the ipsilateral brain stem. In the thalamic area, they ran laterally to the thalamus and posteromedially to the subthalamic nucleus, in close proximity, mainly anterolaterally, to fibers beneficial for tremor control as published by Al-Fatly et al in 2019. The overlap of the respective clinical stimulation setting's VTAs with these fibers explained 62.4% (p < 0.001) of the variance of stimulation-induced change in intelligibility in a leave-one-out analysis. INTERPRETATION This study demonstrates that SID in essential tremor patients is associated with both motor cortex and cerebellar connectivity. Furthermore, the identified fiber-based atlas structure might contribute to future postoperative programming strategies to achieve optimal tremor control without speech impairment in essential tremor patients with thalamic DBS. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:315-326.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Niklas Petry-Schmelzer
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hannah Jergas
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tabea Thies
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Institue of Linguistics Phonetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia K Steffen
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paul Reker
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Haidar S Dafsari
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Doris Mücke
- Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Institue of Linguistics Phonetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Research Center Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Cognitive Neuroscience, Jülich, Germany
| | - Veerle Visser-Vandewalle
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Till A Dembek
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael T Barbe
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Johnson KA, Duffley G, Foltynie T, Hariz M, Zrinzo L, Joyce EM, Akram H, Servello D, Galbiati TF, Bona A, Porta M, Meng FG, Leentjens AFG, Gunduz A, Hu W, Foote KD, Okun MS, Butson CR. Basal Ganglia Pathways Associated With Therapeutic Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation for Tourette Syndrome. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 6:961-972. [PMID: 33536144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the globus pallidus internus (GPi) can improve tics and comorbid obsessive-compulsive behavior (OCB) in patients with treatment-refractory Tourette syndrome (TS). However, some patients' symptoms remain unresponsive, the stimulation applied across patients is variable, and the mechanisms underlying improvement are unclear. Identifying the fiber pathways surrounding the GPi that are associated with improvement could provide mechanistic insight and refine targeting strategies to improve outcomes. METHODS Retrospective data were collected for 35 patients who underwent bilateral GPi DBS for TS. Computational models of fiber tract activation were constructed using patient-specific lead locations and stimulation settings to evaluate the effects of DBS on basal ganglia pathways and the internal capsule. We first evaluated the relationship between activation of individual pathways and symptom improvement. Next, linear mixed-effects models with combinations of pathways and clinical variables were compared in order to identify the best-fit predictive models of tic and OCB improvement. RESULTS The best-fit model of tic improvement included baseline severity and the associative pallido-subthalamic pathway. The best-fit model of OCB improvement included baseline severity and the sensorimotor pallido-subthalamic pathway, with substantial evidence also supporting the involvement of the prefrontal, motor, and premotor internal capsule pathways. The best-fit models of tic and OCB improvement predicted outcomes across the cohort and in cross-validation. CONCLUSIONS Differences in fiber pathway activation likely contribute to variable outcomes of DBS for TS. Computational models of pathway activation could be used to develop novel approaches for preoperative targeting and selecting stimulation parameters to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara A Johnson
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Gordon Duffley
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Thomas Foltynie
- Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marwan Hariz
- Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Ludvic Zrinzo
- Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen M Joyce
- Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harith Akram
- Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Domenico Servello
- Neurosurgical Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso F Galbiati
- Neurosurgical Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Bona
- Neurosurgical Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Porta
- Tourette's Syndrome and Movement Disorders Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Fan-Gang Meng
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Albert F G Leentjens
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Aysegul Gunduz
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Wei Hu
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kelly D Foote
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michael S Okun
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Christopher R Butson
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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Kramme J, Dembek TA, Treuer H, Dafsari HS, Barbe MT, Wirths J, Visser-Vandewalle V. Potentials and Limitations of Directional Deep Brain Stimulation: A Simulation Approach. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2020; 99:65-74. [PMID: 33080600 DOI: 10.1159/000509781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Directional leads are increasingly used in deep brain stimulation. They allow shaping the electrical field in the axial plane. These new possibilities increase the complexity of programming. Thus, optimized programming approaches are needed to assist clinical testing and to obtain full clinical benefit. OBJECTIVES This simulation study investigates to what extent the electrical field can be shaped by directional steering to compensate for lead malposition. METHOD Binary volumes of tissue activated (VTA) were simulated, by using a finite element method approach, for different amplitude distributions on the three directional electrodes. VTAs were shifted from 0 to 2 mm at different shift angles with respect to the lead orientation, to determine the best compensation of a target volume. RESULTS Malpositions of 1 mm can be compensated with the highest gain of overlap with directional leads. For larger shifts, an improvement of overlap of 10-30% is possible, depending on the stimulation amplitude and shift angle of the lead. Lead orientation and shift determine the amplitude distribution of the electrodes. CONCLUSION To get full benefit from directional leads, both the shift angle as well as the shift to target volume are required to choose the correct amplitude distribution on the electrodes. Current directional leads have limitations when compensating malpositions >1 mm; however, they still outperform conventional leads in reducing overstimulation. Further, their main advantage probably lies in the reduction of side effects. Databases like the one from this simulation could serve for optimized lead programming algorithms in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kramme
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University of Cologne Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany,
| | - Till A Dembek
- Department of Neurology, University of Cologne Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Harald Treuer
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University of Cologne Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Haidar S Dafsari
- Department of Neurology, University of Cologne Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael T Barbe
- Department of Neurology, University of Cologne Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jochen Wirths
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University of Cologne Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Veerle Visser-Vandewalle
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University of Cologne Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Boehler C, Carli S, Fadiga L, Stieglitz T, Asplund M. Tutorial: guidelines for standardized performance tests for electrodes intended for neural interfaces and bioelectronics. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:3557-3578. [DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0389-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Woodroffe RW, Pearson AC, Pearlman AM, Howard MA, Nauta HJW, Nagel SJ, Hori YS, Machado AG, Almeida Frizon L, Helland L, Holland MT, Gillies GT, Wilson S. Spinal Cord Stimulation for Visceral Pain: Present Approaches and Future Strategies. PAIN MEDICINE 2020; 21:2298-2309. [PMID: 32719876 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnaa108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The introduction of successful neuromodulation strategies for managing chronic visceral pain lag behind what is now treatment of choice in refractory chronic back and extremity pain for many providers in the United States and Europe. Changes in public policy and monetary support to identify nonopioid treatments for chronic pain have sparked interest in alternative options. In this review, we discuss the scope of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for visceral pain, its limitations, and the potential role for new intradural devices of the type that we are developing in our laboratories, which may be able to overcome existing challenges. METHODS A review of the available literature relevant to this topic was performed, with particular focus on the pertinent neuroanatomy and uses of spinal cord stimulation systems in the treatment of malignant and nonmalignant gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and chronic pelvic pain. RESULTS To date, there have been multiple off-label reports testing SCS for refractory gastrointestinal and genitourinary conditions. Though some findings have been favorable for these organs and systems, there is insufficient evidence to make this practice routine. The unique configuration and layout of the pelvic pain pathways may not be ideally treated using traditional SCS implantation techniques, and intradural stimulation may be a viable alternative. CONCLUSIONS Despite the prevalence of visceral pain, the application of neuromodulation therapies, a standard approach for other painful conditions, has received far too little attention, despite promising outcomes from uncontrolled trials. Detailed descriptions of visceral pain pathways may offer several clues that could be used to implement devices tailored to this unique anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Royce W Woodroffe
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Amy C Pearson
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Amy M Pearlman
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Matthew A Howard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Haring J W Nauta
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - S J Nagel
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Y S Hori
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Andre G Machado
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Logan Helland
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Marshall T Holland
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - George T Gillies
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Saul Wilson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
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Zhang S, Tagliati M, Pouratian N, Cheeran B, Ross E, Pereira E. Steering the Volume of Tissue Activated With a Directional Deep Brain Stimulation Lead in the Globus Pallidus Pars Interna: A Modeling Study With Heterogeneous Tissue Properties. Front Comput Neurosci 2020; 14:561180. [PMID: 33101000 PMCID: PMC7546409 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2020.561180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To study the effect of directional deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode configuration and vertical electrode spacing on the volume of tissue activated (VTA) in the globus pallidus, pars interna (GPi). Background: Directional DBS leads may allow clinicians to precisely direct current fields to different functional networks within traditionally targeted brain areas. Modeling the shape and size of the VTA for various monopolar or bipolar configurations can inform clinical programming strategies for GPi DBS. However, many computational models of VTA are limited by assuming tissue homogeneity. Methods: We generated a multimodal image-based detailed anatomical (MIDA) computational model with a directional DBS lead (1.5 mm or 0.5 mm vertical electrode spacing) placed with segmented contact 2 at the ventral posterolateral "sensorimotor" region of the GPi. The effect of tissue heterogeneity was examined by replacing the MIDA tissues with a homogeneous tissue of conductance 0.3 S/m. DBS pulses (amplitude: 1 mA, pulse width: 60 μs, frequency: 130 Hz) were used to produce VTAs. The following DBS contact configurations were tested: single-segment monopole (2B-/Case+), two-segment monopole (2A-/2B-/Case+ and 2B-/3B-/Case+), ring monopole (2A-/2B-/2C-/Case+), one-cathode three-anode bipole (2B-/3A+/3B+/3C+), three-cathode three-anode bipole (2A-/2B-/2C-/3A+/3B+/3C+). Additionally, certain vertical configurations were repeated with 2 mA current amplitude. Results: Using a heterogeneous tissue model affected both the size and shape of the VTA in GPi. Electrodes with both 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm vertical spacing (1 mA) modeling showed that the single segment monopolar VTA was entirely contained within the GPi when the active electrode is placed at the posterolateral "sensorimotor" GPi. Two segments in a same ring and ring settings, however, produced VTAs outside of the GPi border that spread into adjacent white matter pathways, e.g., optic tract and internal capsule. Both stacked monopolar settings and vertical bipolar settings allowed activation of structures dorsal to the GPi in addition to the GPi. Modeling of the stacked monopolar settings with the DBS lead with 0.5 mm vertical electrode spacing further restricted VTAs within the GPi, but the VTA volumes were smaller compared to the equivalent settings of 1.5 mm spacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Zhang
- Neuromodulation Division, Abbott, Plano, TX, United States
| | | | - Nader Pouratian
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Binith Cheeran
- Neuromodulation Division, Abbott, Plano, TX, United States
| | - Erika Ross
- Neuromodulation Division, Abbott, Plano, TX, United States
| | - Erlick Pereira
- Research Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Slopsema JP, Canna A, Uchenik M, Lehto LJ, Krieg J, Wilmerding L, Koski DM, Kobayashi N, Dao J, Blumenfeld M, Filip P, Min HK, Mangia S, Johnson MD, Michaeli S. Orientation-selective and directional deep brain stimulation in swine assessed by functional MRI at 3T. Neuroimage 2020; 224:117357. [PMID: 32916285 PMCID: PMC7783780 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional MRI (fMRI) has become an important tool for probing network-level effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS). Previous DBS-fMRI studies have shown that electrical stimulation of the ventrolateral (VL) thalamus can modulate sensorimotor cortices in a frequency and amplitude dependent manner. Here, we investigated, using a swine animal model, how the direction and orientation of the electric field, induced by VL-thalamus DBS, affects activity in the sensorimotor cortex. Adult swine underwent implantation of a novel 16-electrode (4 rows × 4 columns) directional DBS lead in the VL thalamus. A within-subject design was used to compare fMRI responses for (1) directional stimulation consisting of monopolar stimulation in four radial directions around the DBS lead, and (2) orientation-selective stimulation where an electric field dipole was rotated 0°−360° around a quadrangle of electrodes. Functional responses were quantified in the premotor, primary motor, and somatosensory cortices. High frequency electrical stimulation through leads implanted in the VL thalamus induced directional tuning in cortical response patterns to varying degrees depending on DBS lead position. Orientation-selective stimulation showed maximal functional response when the electric field was oriented approximately parallel to the DBS lead, which is consistent with known axonal orientations of the cortico-thalamocortical pathway. These results demonstrate that directional and orientation-selective stimulation paradigms in the VL thalamus can tune network-level modulation patterns in the sensorimotor cortex, which may have translational utility in improving functional outcomes of DBS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonietta Canna
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota
| | | | - Lauri J Lehto
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota
| | - Jordan Krieg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota
| | | | - Dee M Koski
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota
| | - Naoharu Kobayashi
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota
| | - Joan Dao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota
| | | | - Pavel Filip
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota; Department of Neurology, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Silvia Mangia
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota
| | - Matthew D Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota
| | - Shalom Michaeli
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota.
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Bower KL, McIntyre CC. Deep brain stimulation of terminating axons. Brain Stimul 2020; 13:1863-1870. [PMID: 32919091 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic region is an established treatment for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Several types of neural elements reside in the subthalamic region, including subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons, fibers of passage, and terminating afferents. Recent studies suggest that direct activation of a specific population of subthalamic afferents, known as the hyperdirect pathway, may be responsible for some of the therapeutic effects of subthalamic DBS. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to quantify how axon termination affects neural excitability from DBS. We evaluated how adjusting different stimulation parameters influenced the relative excitability of terminating axons (TAs) compared to fibers of passage (FOPs). METHODS We used finite element electric field models of DBS, coupled to multi-compartment cable models of axons, to calculate activation thresholds for populations of TAs and FOPs. These generalized models were used to evaluate the response to anodic vs. cathodic stimulation, with short vs. long stimulus pulses. RESULTS Terminating axons generally exhibited lower thresholds than fibers of passage across all tested parameters. Short pulse widths accentuated the relative excitability of TAs over FOPs. CONCLUSION(S) Our computational results demonstrate a hyperexcitability of terminating axons to DBS that is robust to variation in the stimulation parameters, as well as the axon model parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L Bower
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Cameron C McIntyre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Paff M, Loh A, Sarica C, Lozano AM, Fasano A. Update on Current Technologies for Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease. J Mov Disord 2020; 13:185-198. [PMID: 32854482 PMCID: PMC7502302 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.20052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is becoming increasingly central in the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders. Recent developments in DBS lead and implantable pulse generator design provide increased flexibility for programming, potentially improving the therapeutic benefit of stimulation. Directional DBS leads may increase the therapeutic window of stimulation by providing a means of avoiding current spread to structures that might give rise to stimulation-related side effects. Similarly, control of current to individual contacts on a DBS lead allows for shaping of the electric field produced between multiple active contacts. The following review aims to describe the recent developments in DBS system technology and the features of each commercially available DBS system. The advantages of each system are reviewed, and general considerations for choosing the most appropriate system are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Paff
- Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aaron Loh
- Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Can Sarica
- Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andres M. Lozano
- Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alfonso Fasano
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Center for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application (CRANIA), Toronto, Canada
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Willsey MS, Lu CW, Nason SR, Malaga KA, Lempka SF, Chestek CA, Patil PG. Distinct perceptive pathways selected with tonic and bursting patterns of thalamic stimulation. Brain Stimul 2020; 13:1436-1445. [PMID: 32712343 PMCID: PMC10788093 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel patterns of electrical stimulation of the brain and spinal cord hold tremendous promise to improve neuromodulation therapies for diverse disorders, including tremor and pain. To date, there are limited numbers of experimental studies in human subjects to help explain how stimulation patterns impact the clinical response, especially with deep brain stimulation. We propose using novel stimulation patterns during electrical stimulation of somatosensory thalamus in awake deep brain stimulation surgeries and hypothesize that stimulation patterns will influence the sensory percept without moving the electrode. METHODS In this study of 15 fully awake patients, the threshold of perception as well as perceptual characteristics were compared for tonic (trains of regularly-repeated pulses) and bursting stimulation patterns. RESULTS In a majority of subjects, tonic and burst percepts were located in separate, non-overlapping body regions (i.e., face vs. hand) without moving the stimulating electrode (p < 0.001; binomial test). The qualitative features of burst percepts also differed from those of tonic-evoked percepts as burst patterns were less likely to evoke percepts described as tingling (p = 0.013; Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSIONS Because somatosensory thalamus is somatotopically organized, percept location can be related to anatomic thalamocortical pathways. Thus, stimulation pattern may provide a mechanism to select for different thalamocortical pathways. This added control could lead to improvements in neuromodulation - such as improved efficacy and side effect attenuation - and may also improve localization for sensory prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Willsey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Charles W Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sam R Nason
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karlo A Malaga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - Scott F Lempka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cynthia A Chestek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Robotics Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Parag G Patil
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Kundu B, Davis TS, Philip B, Smith EH, Arain A, Peters A, Newman B, Butson CR, Rolston JD. A systematic exploration of parameters affecting evoked intracranial potentials in patients with epilepsy. Brain Stimul 2020; 13:1232-1244. [PMID: 32504827 PMCID: PMC7494632 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain activity is constrained by and evolves over a network of structural and functional connections. Corticocortical evoked potentials (CCEPs) have been used to measure this connectivity and to discern brain areas involved in both brain function and disease. However, how varying stimulation parameters influences the measured CCEP across brain areas has not been well characterized. OBJECTIVE To better understand the factors that influence the amplitude of the CCEPs as well as evoked gamma-band power (70-150 Hz) resulting from single-pulse stimulation via cortical surface and depth electrodes. METHODS CCEPs from 4370 stimulation-response channel pairs were recorded across a range of stimulation parameters and brain regions in 11 patients undergoing long-term monitoring for epilepsy. A generalized mixed-effects model was used to model cortical response amplitudes from 5 to 100 ms post-stimulation. RESULTS Stimulation levels <5.5 mA generated variable CCEPs with low amplitude and reduced spatial spread. Stimulation at ≥5.5 mA yielded a reliable and maximal CCEP across stimulation-response pairs over all regions. These findings were similar when examining the evoked gamma-band power. The amplitude of both measures was inversely correlated with distance. CCEPs and evoked gamma power were largest when measured in the hippocampus compared with other areas. Larger CCEP size and evoked gamma power were measured within the seizure onset zone compared with outside this zone. CONCLUSION These results will help guide future stimulation protocols directed at quantifying network connectivity across cognitive and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bornali Kundu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tyler S Davis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Brian Philip
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Elliot H Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Amir Arain
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Angela Peters
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Blake Newman
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Christopher R Butson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John D Rolston
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Chang SJ, Cajigas I, Opris I, Guest JD, Noga BR. Dissecting Brainstem Locomotor Circuits: Converging Evidence for Cuneiform Nucleus Stimulation. Front Syst Neurosci 2020; 14:64. [PMID: 32973468 PMCID: PMC7473103 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2020.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There are a pressing and unmet need for effective therapies for freezing of gait (FOG) and other neurological gait disorders. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of a midbrain target known as the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) was proposed as a potential treatment based on its postulated involvement in locomotor control as part of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR). However, DBS trials fell short of expectations, leading many clinicians to abandon this strategy. Here, we discuss the potential reasons for this failure and review recent clinical data along with preclinical optogenetics evidence to argue that another nearby nucleus, the cuneiform nucleus (CnF), may be a superior target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephano J. Chang
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Iahn Cajigas
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ioan Opris
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - James D. Guest
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Brian R. Noga
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Jiang F, Nguyen BT, Elahi B, Pilitsis J, Golestanirad L. Effect of Biophysical Model Complexity on Predictions of Volume of Tissue Activated (VTA) during Deep Brain Stimulation. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:3629-3633. [PMID: 33018788 PMCID: PMC10883758 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has evolved to an important treatment for several drug-resistant neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, essential tremor and dystonia. Despite general effectiveness of DBS, however, its mechanisms of action are not completely understood. Simulations are commonly used to predict the volume of tissue activated (VTA) around DBS electrodes, which in turn helps interpreting clinical outcomes and understand therapeutic mechanisms. Computational models are commonly used to visualize the extend of volume of activated tissue (VTA) for different stimulation schemes, which in turn helps interpreting and understanding the outcomes. The degree of model complexity, however, can affect the predicted VTA. In this work we investigate the effect of volume conductor model complexity on the predicted VTA, when the VTA is estimated from activation function field metrics. Our results can help clinicians to decide what level of model complexity is suitable for their specific need.
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Stieger KC, Eles JR, Ludwig KA, Kozai TDY. In vivo microstimulation with cathodic and anodic asymmetric waveforms modulates spatiotemporal calcium dynamics in cortical neuropil and pyramidal neurons of male mice. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:2072-2095. [PMID: 32592267 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation has been critical in the development of an understanding of brain function and disease. Despite its widespread use and obvious clinical potential, the mechanisms governing stimulation in the cortex remain largely unexplored in the context of pulse parameters. Modeling studies have suggested that modulation of stimulation pulse waveform may be able to control the probability of neuronal activation to selectively stimulate either cell bodies or passing fibers depending on the leading polarity. Thus, asymmetric waveforms with equal charge per phase (i.e., increasing the leading phase duration and proportionately decreasing the amplitude) may be able to activate a more spatially localized or distributed population of neurons if the leading phase is cathodic or anodic, respectively. Here, we use two-photon and mesoscale calcium imaging of GCaMP6s expressed in excitatory pyramidal neurons of male mice to investigate the role of pulse polarity and waveform asymmetry on the spatiotemporal properties of direct neuronal activation with 10-Hz electrical stimulation. We demonstrate that increasing cathodic asymmetry effectively reduces neuronal activation and results in a more spatially localized subpopulation of activated neurons without sacrificing the density of activated neurons around the electrode. Conversely, increasing anodic asymmetry increases the spatial spread of activation and highly resembles spatiotemporal calcium activity induced by conventional symmetric cathodic stimulation. These results suggest that stimulation polarity and asymmetry can be used to modulate the spatiotemporal dynamics of neuronal activity thus increasing the effective parameter space of electrical stimulation to restore sensation and study circuit dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Stieger
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James R Eles
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kip A Ludwig
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering (WITNe), Madison, WI, USA
| | - Takashi D Y Kozai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,NeuroTech Center, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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44
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Petry-Schmelzer JN, Krause M, Dembek TA, Horn A, Evans J, Ashkan K, Rizos A, Silverdale M, Schumacher W, Sack C, Loehrer PA, Fink GR, Fonoff ET, Martinez-Martin P, Antonini A, Barbe MT, Visser-Vandewalle V, Ray-Chaudhuri K, Timmermann L, Dafsari HS. Non-motor outcomes depend on location of neurostimulation in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2020; 142:3592-3604. [PMID: 31553039 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus is an effective and established therapy for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease improving quality of life, motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms. However, there is a considerable degree of interindividual variability for these outcomes, likely due to variability in electrode placement and stimulation settings. Here, we present probabilistic mapping data from a prospective, open-label, multicentre, international study to investigate the influence of the location of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease. A total of 91 Parkinson's disease patients undergoing bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus were included, and we investigated NMSScale, NMSQuestionnaire, Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's disease-motor examination, -activities of daily living, and -motor complications, and Parkinson's disease Questionnaire-8 preoperatively and at 6-month follow-up after surgery. Leads were localized in standard space using the Lead-DBS toolbox and individual volumes of tissue activated were calculated based on clinical stimulation settings. Probabilistic stimulation maps and non-parametric permutation statistics were applied to identify voxels with significant above or below average improvement for each scale and analysed using the DISTAL atlas. All outcomes improved significantly at follow-up. Significant spatial distribution patterns of neurostimulation were observed for NMSScale total score and its mood/apathy and attention/memory domains. For both domains, voxels associated with below average improvement were mainly located dorsal to the subthalamic nucleus. In contrast, above average improvement for mood/apathy was observed in the ventral border region of the subthalamic nucleus and in its sensorimotor subregion and for attention/memory in the associative subregion. A trend was observed for NMSScale sleep domain showing voxels with above average improvement located ventral to the subthalamic nucleus. Our study provides evidence that the interindividual variability of mood/apathy, attention/memory, and sleep outcomes after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation depends on the location of neurostimulation. This study highlights the importance of holistic assessments of motor and non-motor aspects of Parkinson's disease to tailor surgical targeting and stimulation parameter settings to patients' personal profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Niklas Petry-Schmelzer
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Max Krause
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Till A Dembek
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Horn
- Department of Neurology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Evans
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Salford Royal Foundation Thrust, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Keyoumars Ashkan
- National Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Rizos
- National Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Monty Silverdale
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Salford Royal Foundation Thrust, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Wibke Schumacher
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carolin Sack
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp A Loehrer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Erich T Fonoff
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery of Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pablo Martinez-Martin
- National Center of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angelo Antonini
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Michael T Barbe
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Veerle Visser-Vandewalle
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Stereotaxy and Functional Neurosurgery, Cologne, Germany
| | - K Ray-Chaudhuri
- National Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, UK.,The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lars Timmermann
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Haidar S Dafsari
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany.,National Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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Adair D, Truong D, Esmaeilpour Z, Gebodh N, Borges H, Ho L, Bremner JD, Badran BW, Napadow V, Clark VP, Bikson M. Electrical stimulation of cranial nerves in cognition and disease. Brain Stimul 2020; 13:717-750. [PMID: 32289703 PMCID: PMC7196013 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cranial nerves are the pathways through which environmental information (sensation) is directly communicated to the brain, leading to perception, and giving rise to higher cognition. Because cranial nerves determine and modulate brain function, invasive and non-invasive cranial nerve electrical stimulation methods have applications in the clinical, behavioral, and cognitive domains. Among other neuromodulation approaches such as peripheral, transcranial and deep brain stimulation, cranial nerve stimulation is unique in allowing axon pathway-specific engagement of brain circuits, including thalamo-cortical networks. In this review we amalgamate relevant knowledge of 1) cranial nerve anatomy and biophysics; 2) evidence of the modulatory effects of cranial nerves on cognition; 3) clinical and behavioral outcomes of cranial nerve stimulation; and 4) biomarkers of nerve target engagement including physiology, electroencephalography, neuroimaging, and behavioral metrics. Existing non-invasive stimulation methods cannot feasibly activate the axons of only individual cranial nerves. Even with invasive stimulation methods, selective targeting of one nerve fiber type requires nuance since each nerve is composed of functionally distinct axon-types that differentially branch and can anastomose onto other nerves. None-the-less, precisely controlling stimulation parameters can aid in affecting distinct sets of axons, thus supporting specific actions on cognition and behavior. To this end, a rubric for reproducible dose-response stimulation parameters is defined here. Given that afferent cranial nerve axons project directly to the brain, targeting structures (e.g. thalamus, cortex) that are critical nodes in higher order brain networks, potent effects on cognition are plausible. We propose an intervention design framework based on driving cranial nerve pathways in targeted brain circuits, which are in turn linked to specific higher cognitive processes. State-of-the-art current flow models that are used to explain and design cranial-nerve-activating stimulation technology require multi-scale detail that includes: gross anatomy; skull foramina and superficial tissue layers; and precise nerve morphology. Detailed simulations also predict that some non-invasive electrical or magnetic stimulation approaches that do not intend to modulate cranial nerves per se, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), may also modulate activity of specific cranial nerves. Much prior cranial nerve stimulation work was conceptually limited to the production of sensory perception, with individual titration of intensity based on the level of perception and tolerability. However, disregarding sensory emulation allows consideration of temporal stimulation patterns (axon recruitment) that modulate the tone of cortical networks independent of sensory cortices, without necessarily titrating perception. For example, leveraging the role of the thalamus as a gatekeeper for information to the cerebral cortex, preventing or enhancing the passage of specific information depending on the behavioral state. We show that properly parameterized computational models at multiple scales are needed to rationally optimize neuromodulation that target sets of cranial nerves, determining which and how specific brain circuitries are modulated, which can in turn influence cognition in a designed manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Adair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dennis Truong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zeinab Esmaeilpour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Nigel Gebodh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Helen Borges
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Libby Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Douglas Bremner
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Bashar W Badran
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Vitaly Napadow
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Harvard medical school, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vincent P Clark
- Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, Dept. Psychology, MSC03-2220, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA; The Mind Research Network of the Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.
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Anderson CJ, Anderson DN, Pulst SM, Butson CR, Dorval AD. Neural selectivity, efficiency, and dose equivalence in deep brain stimulation through pulse width tuning and segmented electrodes. Brain Stimul 2020; 13:1040-1050. [PMID: 32278715 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achieving deep brain stimulation (DBS) dose equivalence is challenging, especially with pulse width tuning and directional contacts. Further, the precise effects of pulse width tuning are unknown, and recent reports of the effects of pulse width tuning on neural selectivity are at odds with classic biophysical studies. METHODS We created multicompartment neuron models for two axon diameters and used finite element modeling to determine extracellular influence from standard and segmented electrodes. We analyzed axon activation profiles and calculated volumes of tissue activated. RESULTS We find that long pulse widths focus the stimulation effect on small, nearby fibers, suppressing distant white matter tract activation (responsible for some DBS side effects) and improving battery utilization when equivalent activation is maintained for small axons. Directional leads enable similar benefits to a greater degree. Reexamining previous reports of short pulse stimulation reducing side effects, we explore a possible alternate explanation: non-dose equivalent stimulation may have resulted in reduced spread of neural activation. Finally, using internal capsule avoidance as an example in the context of subthalamic stimulation, we present a patient-specific model to show how long pulse widths could help increase the biophysical therapeutic window. DISCUSSION We find agreement with classic studies and predict that long pulse widths may focus the stimulation effect on small, nearby fibers and improve power consumption. While future pre-clinical and clinical work is necessary regarding pulse width tuning, it is clear that future studies must ensure dose equivalence, noting that energy- and charge-equivalent amplitudes do not result in equivalent spread of neural activation when changing pulse width.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin J Anderson
- University of Utah Department of Neurology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Daria Nesterovich Anderson
- University of Utah Department of Biomedical Engineering, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; University of Utah Department of Neurosurgery, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; University of Utah Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stefan M Pulst
- University of Utah Department of Neurology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Christopher R Butson
- University of Utah Department of Neurology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; University of Utah Department of Biomedical Engineering, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; University of Utah Department of Neurosurgery, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; University of Utah Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; University of Utah Department of Psychiatry, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alan D Dorval
- University of Utah Department of Biomedical Engineering, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Karl JA, Ouyang B, Goetz S, Metman LV. A Novel DBS Paradigm for Axial Features in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Crossover Study. Mov Disord 2020; 35:1369-1378. [PMID: 32246798 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-frequency (130-185 Hz) deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus is more effective for appendicular than axial symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Low-frequency (60-80 Hz) stimulation (LFS) may reduce gait/balance impairment but typically results in worsening appendicular symptoms. We created a "dual-frequency" programming paradigm (interleave-interlink, IL-IL) to address both axial and appendicular symptoms. In IL-IL, 2 overlapping LFS programs are applied to the DBS lead, with the overlapping area focused on the optimal cathode. The nonoverlapping area (LFS) is thought to reduce gait/balance impairment, whereas the overlapping area (high-frequency stimulation, HFS) aims to control appendicular symptoms. METHODS We performed a randomized, double-blind crossover trial comparing patients' previously optimized IL-IL and conventional HFS paradigms. Each arm was 2 weeks in duration. The primary outcome measure was the patient/caregiver Modified Clinical Global Impression Severity (CGI-S). Secondary outcome measures included blinded motor evaluations, timed tests, patient/caregiver questionnaires, and Personal KinetiGraphs (PKG). RESULTS Twenty-five patients were enrolled, and 20 completed. The patient/caregiver CGI-S for gait/balance (P = 0.01) and appendicular symptom control (P = 0.001), and the blinded rater MDS-UPDRS-III (-5.22, P = 0.02), CGI-S gait/balance (P = 0.01), and CGI-S speech (P = 0.02) were better while on IL-IL. Scores on Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life (P = 0.002) and Freezing-of-Gait Questionnaires (P = 0.04) were better on IL-IL. The Timed-Up-and-Go was 9.8% faster (P = 0.01), with 11.8% reduction in steps (P = 0.001) on IL-IL. There was no difference in PKG bradykinesia (P = 0.18) or tremor (P = 0.23) between paradigms. CONCLUSIONS Our results prompt consideration of this novel programming paradigm (IL-IL) for PD patients with axial symptom impairment as a new treatment option for both axial and appendicular symptoms. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Karl
- Movement Disorder Section of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bichun Ouyang
- Movement Disorder Section of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Steven Goetz
- Medtronic Brain Modulation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Leo Verhagen Metman
- Movement Disorder Section of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Yousif N, Bain PG, Nandi D, Borisyuk R. A Population Model of Deep Brain Stimulation in Movement Disorders From Circuits to Cells. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:55. [PMID: 32210779 PMCID: PMC7066497 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
For more than 30 years, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been used to target the symptoms of a number of neurological disorders and in particular movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET). It is known that the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra leads to PD, while the exact impact of this on the brain dynamics is not fully understood, the presence of beta-band oscillatory activity is thought to be pathological. The cause of ET, however, remains uncertain, however pathological oscillations in the thalamocortical-cerebellar network have been linked to tremor. Both of these movement disorders are treated with DBS, which entails the surgical implantation of electrodes into a patient’s brain. While DBS leads to an improvement in symptoms for many patients, the mechanisms underlying this improvement is not clearly understood, and computational modeling has been used extensively to improve this. Many of the models used to study DBS and its effect on the human brain have mainly utilized single neuron and single axon biophysical models. We have previously shown in separate models however, that the use of population models can shed much light on the mechanisms of the underlying pathological neural activity in PD and ET in turn, and on the mechanisms underlying DBS. Together, this work suggested that the dynamics of the cerebellar-basal ganglia thalamocortical network support oscillations at frequency range relevant to movement disorders. Here, we propose a new combined model of this network and present new results that demonstrate that both Parkinsonian oscillations in the beta band and oscillations in the tremor frequency range arise from the dynamics of such a network. We find regions in the parameter space demonstrating the different dynamics and go on to examine the transition from one oscillatory regime to another as well as the impact of DBS on these different types of pathological activity. This work will allow us to better understand the changes in brain activity induced by DBS, and allow us to optimize this clinical therapy, particularly in terms of target selection and parameter setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Yousif
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Peter G Bain
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dipankar Nandi
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Borisyuk
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.,Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology, The Branch of Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
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Steffen JK, Reker P, Mennicken FK, Dembek TA, Dafsari HS, Fink GR, Visser‐Vandewalle V, Barbe MT. Bipolar Directional Deep Brain Stimulation in Essential and Parkinsonian Tremor. Neuromodulation 2020; 23:543-549. [DOI: 10.1111/ner.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia K. Steffen
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology University of Cologne Cologne, Germany
| | - Paul Reker
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology University of Cologne Cologne, Germany
| | - Fiona K. Mennicken
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology University of Cologne Cologne, Germany
| | - Till A. Dembek
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology University of Cologne Cologne, Germany
| | - Haidar S. Dafsari
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology University of Cologne Cologne, Germany
| | - Gereon R. Fink
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology University of Cologne Cologne, Germany
- Cognitive Neuroscience Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐3), Research Center Jülich Jülich, Germany
| | - Veerle Visser‐Vandewalle
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery University of Cologne Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael T. Barbe
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology University of Cologne Cologne, Germany
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Abstract
Monkeys are a premier model organism for neuroscience research. Activity in the central nervous systems of monkeys can be recorded and manipulated while they perform complex perceptual, motor, or cognitive tasks. Conventional techniques for manipulating neural activity in monkeys are too coarse to address many of the outstanding questions in primate neuroscience, but optogenetics holds the promise to overcome this hurdle. In this article, we review the progress that has been made in primate optogenetics over the past 5 years. We emphasize the use of gene regulatory sequences in viral vectors to target specific neuronal types, and we present data on vectors that we engineered to target parvalbumin-expressing neurons. We conclude with a discussion of the utility of optogenetics for treating sensorimotor hearing loss and Parkinson's disease, areas of translational neuroscience in which monkeys provide unique leverage for basic science and medicine.
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