1
|
Castelli F, Consolati G. Modelling Annihilation Properties of Positronium Confined in Nanoporous Materials: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3692. [PMID: 38612506 PMCID: PMC11011886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Positronium (Ps) is a valuable probe to investigate nanometric or sub-nanometric cavities in non-metallic materials, where Ps can be confined. Accessible experimental measurements concern the lifetime of trapped Ps, which is largely influenced by pick-off processes, depending on the size of the cavity as well as on the density of the electrons belonging to the surface of the host trap. Another relevant physical quantity is the contact density, that is the electron density at the positron position, which is usually found to be well below the vacuum value. Here, we review the principal models that have been formulated to account and explain for these physical properties of confined Ps. Starting with models, treating Ps as a single particle formulated essentially to study pick-off, we go on to describe more refined two-particle models because a two-body model is the simplest approach able to describe any change in the contact density, observed in many materials. Finally, we consider a theory of Ps annihilation in nanometric voids in which the exchange correlations between the electron of Ps and the outer electrons play a fundamental role. This theory is not usually taken into account in the literature, but it has to be considered for a correct theory of pick-off annihilation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Castelli
- Department of Physics “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Consolati
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy;
- Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 34, 20156 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Trung NT, Duong NT, Hien NQ, Tap TD, Thanh ND. Investigation of ortho-positronium annihilation for porous materials with different geometries and topologies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13707. [PMID: 37607980 PMCID: PMC10444843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40901-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we present the results of the ortho-positronium (o-Ps) annihilation lifetimes and nitrogen adsorption measurements for different porous materials and an approach for describing the annihilation of o-Ps in a pore, which results in a surface-volume formula (SVF) for calculating the pore-related o-Ps lifetime. This proposed formula gives the relationship between the o-Ps annihilation rate and the effective pore radius, bulk composition, and pore structure, including pore geometry and topology. The pore-related o-Ps lifetimes of different materials calculated by the SVF are consistent with experimental results for both micro- and mesopores (and macropores) with different geometries and topologies. The SVF is convenient for calculations of pore dimensions for many cases of metal organic frameworks and zeolites. This approach enables us to fully explain the temperature dependence of the o-Ps annihilation lifetime over a wide temperature range, 20-700 K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thanh Trung
- Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen Thuy Duong
- Vietnam Japan University, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Quoc Hien
- Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute, 59 Ly Thuong Kiet, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Duy Tap
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Duc Thanh
- Research and Development Center for Advanced Technology, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tan Z, Ma Z, Fuentes L, Liedke MO, Butterling M, Attallah AG, Hirschmann E, Wagner A, Abad L, Casañ-Pastor N, Lopeandia AF, Menéndez E, Sort J. Regulating Oxygen Ion Transport at the Nanoscale to Enable Highly Cyclable Magneto-Ionic Control of Magnetism. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6973-6984. [PMID: 36972329 PMCID: PMC10100572 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Magneto-ionics refers to the control of magnetic properties of materials through voltage-driven ion motion. To generate effective electric fields, either solid or liquid electrolytes are utilized, which also serve as ion reservoirs. Thin solid electrolytes have difficulties in (i) withstanding high electric fields without electric pinholes and (ii) maintaining stable ion transport during long-term actuation. In turn, the use of liquid electrolytes can result in poor cyclability, thus limiting their applicability. Here we propose a nanoscale-engineered magneto-ionic architecture (comprising a thin solid electrolyte in contact with a liquid electrolyte) that drastically enhances cyclability while preserving sufficiently high electric fields to trigger ion motion. Specifically, we show that the insertion of a highly nanostructured (amorphous-like) Ta layer (with suitable thickness and electric resistivity) between a magneto-ionic target material (i.e., Co3O4) and the liquid electrolyte increases magneto-ionic cyclability from <30 cycles (when no Ta is inserted) to more than 800 cycles. Transmission electron microscopy together with variable energy positron annihilation spectroscopy reveals the crucial role of the generated TaOx interlayer as a solid electrolyte (i.e., ionic conductor) that improves magneto-ionic endurance by proper tuning of the types of voltage-driven structural defects. The Ta layer is very effective in trapping oxygen and hindering O2- ions from moving into the liquid electrolyte, thus keeping O2- motion mainly restricted between Co3O4 and Ta when voltage of alternating polarity is applied. We demonstrate that this approach provides a suitable strategy to boost magneto-ionics by combining the benefits of solid and liquid electrolytes in a synergetic manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Tan
- Departament
de Física, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Zheng Ma
- Departament
de Física, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Laura Fuentes
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre Nacional
de Microelectrònica, Institut de
Microelectrònica de Barcelona-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maciej Oskar Liedke
- Institute
of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Maik Butterling
- Institute
of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Ahmed G. Attallah
- Institute
of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Eric Hirschmann
- Institute
of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Andreas Wagner
- Institute
of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Llibertat Abad
- Centre Nacional
de Microelectrònica, Institut de
Microelectrònica de Barcelona-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nieves Casañ-Pastor
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aitor F. Lopeandia
- Departament
de Física, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Menéndez
- Departament
de Física, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jordi Sort
- Departament
de Física, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ellsworth NE, Machacek JR, Kemnitz RA, Eckley CC, Sexton BM, Gearhart JA, Burggraf LW. Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Molybdenum and Mo-0.1SiC Studied by Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy and Electron Backscatter Diffraction Methods. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1636. [PMID: 36837266 PMCID: PMC9962985 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) has been used for the first time to investigate the microstructure of additively manufactured molybdenum. Despite the wide applicability of positron annihilation spectroscopy techniques to the defect analysis of metals, they have only been used sparingly to monitor the microstructural evolution of additively manufactured metals. Molybdenum and molybdenum with a dilute addition (0.1 wt%) of nano-sized silicon carbide, prepared via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) at four different scan speeds: 100, 200, 400, and 800 mm/s, were studied by PALS and compared with electron backscatter diffraction analysis. The aim of this study was to clarify the extent to which PALS can be used to identify microstructural changes resulting from varying LPBF process parameters. Grain sizes and misorientation results do not correlate with positron lifetimes indicating the positrons are sampling regions within the grains. Positron annihilation spectroscopy identified the presence of dislocations and nano-voids not revealed through electron microscopy techniques and correlated with the findings of SiO2 nanoparticles in the samples prepared with silicon carbide. The comparison of results indicates the usefulness of positron techniques to characterize nano-structure in additively manufactured metals due to the significant increase in atomic-level information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan E. Ellsworth
- Department of Engineering Physics, Air Force Institute of Technology, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA
| | - Joshua R. Machacek
- Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Ryan A. Kemnitz
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Air Force Institute of Technology, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA
| | - Cayla C. Eckley
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Air Force Institute of Technology, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA
| | - Brianna M. Sexton
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Air Force Institute of Technology, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA
| | - Joel A. Gearhart
- Department of Engineering Physics, Air Force Institute of Technology, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA
| | - Larry W. Burggraf
- Department of Engineering Physics, Air Force Institute of Technology, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Siller V, Gonzalez-Rosillo JC, Eroles MN, Baiutti F, Liedke MO, Butterling M, Attallah AG, Hirschmann E, Wagner A, Morata A, Tarancón A. Nanoscaled LiMn 2O 4 for Extended Cycling Stability in the 3 V Plateau. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:33438-33446. [PMID: 35830969 PMCID: PMC9335525 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Extending the potential window toward the 3 V plateau below the typically used range could boost the effective capacity of LiMn2O4 spinel cathodes. This usually leads to an "overdischarge" of the cathode, which can cause severe material damage due to manganese dissolution into the electrolyte and a critical volume expansion (induced by Jahn-Teller distortions). As those factors determine the stability and cycling lifetime for all-solid-state batteries, the operational window of LiMn2O4 is usually limited to 3.5-4.5 V versus Li/Li+ in common battery cells. However, it has been reported that nano-shaped particles and thin films can potentially mitigate these detrimental effects. We demonstrate here that porous LiMn2O4 thin-film cathodes with a certain level of off-stoichiometry show improved cycling stability for the extended cycling range of 2.0-4.5 V versus Li/Li+. We argue through operando spectroscopic ellipsometry that the origin of this stability lies in the surprisingly small volume change in the layer during lithiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Siller
- Catalonia
Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, Planta 2, Sant Adrià del Besòs, Barcelona 08930, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Gonzalez-Rosillo
- Catalonia
Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, Planta 2, Sant Adrià del Besòs, Barcelona 08930, Spain
| | - Marc Nuñez Eroles
- Catalonia
Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, Planta 2, Sant Adrià del Besòs, Barcelona 08930, Spain
| | - Federico Baiutti
- Catalonia
Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, Planta 2, Sant Adrià del Besòs, Barcelona 08930, Spain
| | - Maciej Oskar Liedke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden—Rossendorf, Institute of
Radiation Physics, Bautzner
Landstraße 400, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Maik Butterling
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden—Rossendorf, Institute of
Radiation Physics, Bautzner
Landstraße 400, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Ahmed G. Attallah
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden—Rossendorf, Institute of
Radiation Physics, Bautzner
Landstraße 400, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Eric Hirschmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden—Rossendorf, Institute of
Radiation Physics, Bautzner
Landstraße 400, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Andreas Wagner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden—Rossendorf, Institute of
Radiation Physics, Bautzner
Landstraße 400, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Alex Morata
- Catalonia
Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, Planta 2, Sant Adrià del Besòs, Barcelona 08930, Spain
| | - Albert Tarancón
- Catalonia
Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, Planta 2, Sant Adrià del Besòs, Barcelona 08930, Spain
- Catalan
Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hirade T, Michishio K, Kobayashi Y, Oshima N. Temperature dependence of positron annihilation lifetime in near-surface and bulk of room-temperature ionic liquid observed by a slow positron beam. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
7
|
Shibuya K, Saito H, Tashima H, Yamaya T. Using inverse Laplace transform in positronium lifetime imaging. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [PMID: 35008076 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac499b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Positronium (Ps) lifetime imaging is gaining attention to bring out additional biomedical information from positron emission tomography (PET). The lifetime of Psin vivocan change depending on the physical and chemical environments related to some diseases. Due to the limited sensitivity, Ps lifetime imaging may require merging some voxels for statistical accuracy. This paper presents a method for separating the lifetime components in the voxel to avoid information loss due to averaging. The mathematics for this separation is the inverse Laplace transform (ILT), and the authors examined an iterative numerical ILT algorithm using Tikhonov regularization, namely CONTIN, to discriminate a small lifetime difference due to oxygen saturation. The separability makes it possible to merge voxels without missing critical information on whether they contain abnormally long or short lifetime components. The authors conclude that ILT can compensate for the weaknesses of Ps lifetime imaging and extract the maximum amount of information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Shibuya
- Institute of Physics, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.,Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Haruo Saito
- Institute of Physics, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tashima
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Taiga Yamaya
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
de Rojas J, Salguero J, Ibrahim F, Chshiev M, Quintana A, Lopeandia A, Liedke MO, Butterling M, Hirschmann E, Wagner A, Abad L, Costa-Krämer JL, Menéndez E, Sort J. Magneto-Ionics in Single-Layer Transition Metal Nitrides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:30826-30834. [PMID: 34156228 PMCID: PMC8483439 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Magneto-ionics allows for tunable control of magnetism by voltage-driven transport of ions, traditionally oxygen or lithium and, more recently, hydrogen, fluorine, or nitrogen. Here, magneto-ionic effects in single-layer iron nitride films are demonstrated, and their performance is evaluated at room temperature and compared with previously studied cobalt nitrides. Iron nitrides require increased activation energy and, under high bias, exhibit more modest rates of magneto-ionic motion than cobalt nitrides. Ab initio calculations reveal that, based on the atomic bonding strength, the critical field required to induce nitrogen-ion motion is higher in iron nitrides (≈6.6 V nm-1) than in cobalt nitrides (≈5.3 V nm-1). Nonetheless, under large bias (i.e., well above the magneto-ionic onset and, thus, when magneto-ionics is fully activated), iron nitride films exhibit enhanced coercivity and larger generated saturation magnetization, surpassing many of the features of cobalt nitrides. The microstructural effects responsible for these enhanced magneto-ionic effects are discussed. These results open up the potential integration of magneto-ionics in existing nitride semiconductor materials in view of advanced memory system architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julius de Rojas
- Departament
de Física, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola
del Vallès E-08193, Spain
| | - Joaquín Salguero
- IMN-Instituto
de Micro y Nanotecnología (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, Tres Cantos, Madrid 28760, Spain
| | - Fatima Ibrahim
- Univwesity
of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Mairbek Chshiev
- Univwesity
of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec, Grenoble 38000, France
- Institut
Universitaire de France, Paris 75231, France
| | - Alberto Quintana
- Department
of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, District of
Columbia 20057, United
States
| | - Aitor Lopeandia
- Departament
de Física, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola
del Vallès E-08193, Spain
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona E-08193, Spain
| | - Maciej O. Liedke
- Institute
of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden−Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Maik Butterling
- Institute
of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden−Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Eric Hirschmann
- Institute
of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden−Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Andreas Wagner
- Institute
of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden−Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Llibertat Abad
- Institut
de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus
UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona E-08193, Spain
| | - José L. Costa-Krämer
- IMN-Instituto
de Micro y Nanotecnología (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, Tres Cantos, Madrid 28760, Spain
| | - Enric Menéndez
- Departament
de Física, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola
del Vallès E-08193, Spain
| | - Jordi Sort
- Departament
de Física, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola
del Vallès E-08193, Spain
- Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona E-08010, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Voltage-driven motion of nitrogen ions: a new paradigm for magneto-ionics. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5871. [PMID: 33208728 PMCID: PMC7676264 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19758-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Magneto-ionics, understood as voltage-driven ion transport in magnetic materials, has largely relied on controlled migration of oxygen ions. Here, we demonstrate room-temperature voltage-driven nitrogen transport (i.e., nitrogen magneto-ionics) by electrolyte-gating of a CoN film. Nitrogen magneto-ionics in CoN is compared to oxygen magneto-ionics in Co3O4. Both materials are nanocrystalline (face-centered cubic structure) and show reversible voltage-driven ON-OFF ferromagnetism. In contrast to oxygen, nitrogen transport occurs uniformly creating a plane-wave-like migration front, without assistance of diffusion channels. Remarkably, nitrogen magneto-ionics requires lower threshold voltages and exhibits enhanced rates and cyclability. This is due to the lower activation energy for ion diffusion and the lower electronegativity of nitrogen compared to oxygen. These results may open new avenues in applications such as brain-inspired computing or iontronics in general. In magneto-ionics, ion migration through the material is used to change the materials magnetic properties. Typically oxygen is used as the mobile ion. In this manuscript, the authors demonstrate controlled migration of nitrogen in a CoN film, expanding the possibilities of magneto-ionics.
Collapse
|
10
|
Eren B, Eren E, Guney M, Jean Y, Van Horn JD. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy study of polyvinylpyrrolidone‐added polyvinylidene fluoride membranes: Investigation of free volume and permeation relationships. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Eren
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of ChemistryBilecik Seyh Edebali University 11210 Bilecik Turkey
| | - Erdal Eren
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of ChemistryBilecik Seyh Edebali University 11210 Bilecik Turkey
| | - Murat Guney
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of ChemistryBilecik Seyh Edebali University 11210 Bilecik Turkey
| | - Yan‐Ching Jean
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Missouri‐Kansas City Kansas City Missouri 64110
| | - J. David Van Horn
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Missouri‐Kansas City Kansas City Missouri 64110
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu J, Qi N, Zhou B, Chen Z. Exceptionally High CO 2 Capture in an Amorphous Polymer with Ultramicropores Studied by Positron Annihilation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:30747-30755. [PMID: 31362490 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of amorphous melamine-based polymer networks synthesized by Schiff base chemistry (SNW) were successfully prepared by varying the strut length. The pore structure was analyzed by gas adsorption and positron annihilation methods. Positron lifetime measurements indicate the existence of ultramicropores and also larger mesopores in the SNW materials. The sizes of micropores and mesopores are almost the same in these samples, which are about 0.7 and 16.5 nm, respectively. The relative number of micropores increases in the order of SNW-1 < SNW-2 < SNW-3, while the number of mesopores increases in the reverse order. N2 adsorption/desorption measurements also reveal micropores and mesopores in these materials. However, it gives an underestimation of the micropore volume. Benefiting from the abundant nitrogen content and high microporosity, the SNW materials exhibit exceptionally high CO2 capture ability, which reaches a maximum value of 18.3 wt % in SNW-3 at 273 K and 1 bar, followed by SNW-2 and SNW-1. This order is exactly the same as the order of micropore volume revealed by positron annihilation measurement, suggesting that micropores play a crucial role in the CO2 uptake. Our results show that positron can provide more precise information about the structure of micropores and thus can offer an accurate prediction for the adsorption capacity of complex porous materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory, Department of Physics , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Qi
- Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory, Department of Physics , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory, Department of Physics , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiquan Chen
- Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory, Department of Physics , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Torstensen JØ, Liu M, Jin SA, Deng L, Hawari AI, Syverud K, Spontak RJ, Gregersen ØW. Swelling and Free-Volume Characteristics of TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibril Films. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:1016-1025. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Ø. Torstensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Soo-Ah Jin
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Liyuan Deng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ayman I. Hawari
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Kristin Syverud
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- RISE PFI AS, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Richard J. Spontak
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Øyvind W. Gregersen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|