1
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Sherman DA, Landberg E, Peringath AR, Kar-Narayan S, Tan JC. Fine-Scale Aerosol-Jet Printing of Luminescent Metal-Organic Framework Nanosheets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39365709 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c10713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Fabrication of metal-organic framework (MOF) thin films is an ongoing challenge to achieve effective device integration. Inkjet printing has been employed to print various luminescent metal-organic framework (MOF) films. Luminescent metal-organic nanosheets (LMONs), nanometer-thin particles of MOF materials with comparatively large micrometer lateral dimensions, provide an ideal morphology that offers enhancements over analogous MOFs in luminescent properties such as intensity and photoluminescent quantum yield. The morphology is also better suited to the formation of thin films. This work harnesses the preferential features of LMONs to access the advanced technique of aerosol-jet printing (AJP) to print luminescent films with precise geometries and patterns across the micrometer and centimeter length scales. AJP of LMONs exhibiting red (R), green (G), and blue (B) emission were studied systematically to reveal the increase of luminescence upon additive layering printing until a threshold was reached limited by self-quenching. By combining different LMON emitters, emission chromaticity and intensity were shown to be tunable, including the combination of RGB emitters to fabricate white-light-emitting films. A white-light LMON film was printed onto a UV light emitting diode (LED), producing a working white-light-emitting diode. Printing with multiple distinct photoluminescent inks produced intricate multicolor patterns that dynamically responded to excitation wavelength, acting either as micrometer-scale LED-type cells or larger visual tags. Collectively, the work offers an advancement for MOF thin films by printing MON materials using AJP, offering a precise method for manufacturing a wide range of critical functional devices, from luminescent sensors to optoelectronics, and more broadly even the opportunity for printed circuitry with conductive MONs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan A Sherman
- Multifunctional Materials & Composites (MMC) Laboratory, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, U.K
| | - Erik Landberg
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K
| | - Anjana Ramesh Peringath
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K
| | - Sohini Kar-Narayan
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K
| | - Jin-Chong Tan
- Multifunctional Materials & Composites (MMC) Laboratory, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, U.K
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2
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You K, Wang Z, Lin J, Guo X, Lin L, Liu Y, Li F, Huang W. On-Demand Picoliter-Level-Droplet Inkjet Printing for Micro Fabrication and Functional Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402638. [PMID: 39149907 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
With the advent of Internet of Things (IoTs) and wearable devices, manufacturing requirements have shifted toward miniaturization, flexibility, environmentalization, and customization. Inkjet printing, as a non-contact picoliter-level droplet printing technology, can achieve material deposition at the microscopic level, helping to achieve high resolution and high precision patterned design. Meanwhile, inkjet printing has the advantages of simple process, high printing efficiency, mask-free digital printing, and direct pattern deposition, and is gradually emerging as a promising technology to meet such new requirements. However, there is a long way to go in constructing functional materials and emerging devices due to the uncommercialized ink materials, complicated film-forming process, and geometrically/functionally mismatched interface, limiting film quality and device applications. Herein, recent developments in working mechanisms, functional ink systems, droplet ejection and flight process, droplet drying process, as well as emerging multifunctional and intelligence applications including optics, electronics, sensors, and energy storage and conversion devices is reviewed. Finally, it is also highlight some of the critical challenges and research opportunities. The review is anticipated to provide a systematic comprehension and valuable insights for inkjet printing, thereby facilitating the advancement of their emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejia You
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Future Technologies, Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Future Technologies, Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Jiasong Lin
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Future Technologies, Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Xuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Liangxu Lin
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Future Technologies, Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Future Technologies, Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Fushan Li
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
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3
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Le NHA, Brenker J, Shenoda A, Sheikh Z, Gum J, Ong HX, Traini D, Alan T. Oscillating high aspect ratio micro-channels can effectively atomize liquids into uniform aerosol droplets and dial their size on-demand. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1676-1684. [PMID: 38305095 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00816a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Ultrasonic atomization of liquids into micrometer-diameter droplets is crucial across multiple fields, ranging from drug delivery, to spectrometry and printing. Controlling the size and uniformity of the generated droplets on-demand is crucial in all these applications. However, existing systems lack the required precision to tune the droplet properties, and the underlying droplet formation mechanism under high-frequency ultrasonic actuation remains poorly understood due to experimental constraints. Here, we present an atomization platform, which overcomes these current limitations. Our device utilizes oscillating high aspect ratio micro-channels to extract liquids from various inlets (ranging from sessile droplets to large beakers), bound them in a precisely defined narrow region, and, controllably atomize them on-demand. The droplet size can be precisely dialled from 3.6 μm to 6.8 μm by simply tuning the actuation parameters. Since the approach does not need nozzles, meshes or impacting jets, stresses exerted on the liquid samples are reduced, hence it is gentler on delicate samples. The precision offered by the technique allows us for the first time to experimentally visualise the oscillating fluid interface at the onset of atomization at MHz frequencies, and demonstrate its applications for targeted respiratory drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hoai An Le
- Dynamic Micro Devices Laboratory, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jason Brenker
- Dynamic Micro Devices Laboratory, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800, VIC, Australia.
| | - Abanoub Shenoda
- Dynamic Micro Devices Laboratory, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800, VIC, Australia.
| | - Zara Sheikh
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jackson Gum
- Dynamic Micro Devices Laboratory, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800, VIC, Australia.
| | - Hui Xin Ong
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Macquarie Medical School, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Macquarie Medical School, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia
| | - Tuncay Alan
- Dynamic Micro Devices Laboratory, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800, VIC, Australia.
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4
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Li W, Liu Z, Tang F, Jiang H, Zhou Z, Hao X, Zhang JM. Application of 3D Bioprinting in Liver Diseases. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1648. [PMID: 37630184 PMCID: PMC10457767 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases are the primary reason for morbidity and mortality in the world. Owing to a shortage of organ donors and postoperative immune rejection, patients routinely suffer from liver failure. Unlike 2D cell models, animal models, and organoids, 3D bioprinting can be successfully employed to print living tissues and organs that contain blood vessels, bone, and kidney, heart, and liver tissues and so on. 3D bioprinting is mainly classified into four types: inkjet 3D bioprinting, extrusion-based 3D bioprinting, laser-assisted bioprinting (LAB), and vat photopolymerization. Bioinks for 3D bioprinting are composed of hydrogels and cells. For liver 3D bioprinting, hepatic parenchymal cells (hepatocytes) and liver nonparenchymal cells (hepatic stellate cells, hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, and Kupffer cells) are commonly used. Compared to conventional scaffold-based approaches, marked by limited functionality and complexity, 3D bioprinting can achieve accurate cell settlement, a high resolution, and more efficient usage of biomaterials, better mimicking the complex microstructures of native tissues. This method will make contributions to disease modeling, drug discovery, and even regenerative medicine. However, the limitations and challenges of this method cannot be ignored. Limitation include the requirement of diverse fabrication technologies, observation of drug dynamic response under perfusion culture, the resolution to reproduce complex hepatic microenvironment, and so on. Despite this, 3D bioprinting is still a promising and innovative biofabrication strategy for the creation of artificial multi-cellular tissues/organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- Department of Radiology, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Zhaoyue Liu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Fengwei Tang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Zhengyuan Zhou
- Nanjing Hangdian Intelligent Manufacturing Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiuqing Hao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Jia Ming Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Nanjing 210016, China
- Nanjing Hangdian Intelligent Manufacturing Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210014, China
- Yangtze River Delta Intelligent Manufacturing Innovation Center, Nanjing 210014, China
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5
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McDonnell C, Albarghouthi FM, Selhorst R, Kelley-Loughnane N, Franklin AD, Rao R. Aerosol Jet Printed Surface-Enhanced Raman Substrates: Application for High-Sensitivity Detection of Perfluoroalkyl Substances. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:1597-1605. [PMID: 36643551 PMCID: PMC9835780 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Printing technologies offer an attractive means for producing low-cost surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates with high-throughput methods. The development of these substrates is especially important for field-deployable detection of environmental contaminants. Toward this end, we demonstrate SERS-based substrates fabricated through aerosol jet printing of silver nanoparticles and graphene inks on Kapton films. Our printed arrays exhibited measurable intensities for fluorescein and rhodamine dyes down to concentrations of 10-7 M, with the highest SERS intensities obtained for four print passes of Ag nanoparticles. The substrates also exhibited an excellent shelf life, with little reduction in fluorescein intensities after 9 months of shelf storage. We also demonstrated the capability of our substrates to sense perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), the so-called forever chemicals that resist degradation due to their strong C-F bonds and persist in the environment. Interestingly, the addition of graphene to the Ag nanoparticles greatly enhanced the SERS intensity of the perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) molecules under basic conditions (pH ∼ 9) compared to that of fluorescein and rhodamine. We were able to successfully detect SERS spectra from nano- and picomolar (∼0.4 ppt) concentrations of PFOA and PFOS, respectively, demonstrating the viability of deploying our SERS sensors in the environment for the ultrasensitive detection of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen McDonnell
- Materials
and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force
Research Laboratory, WPAFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES
Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
- Department
of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio 46469, United States
| | - Faris M. Albarghouthi
- Department
of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ryan Selhorst
- Materials
and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force
Research Laboratory, WPAFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES
Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Nancy Kelley-Loughnane
- Materials
and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force
Research Laboratory, WPAFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Aaron D. Franklin
- Department
of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Rahul Rao
- Materials
and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force
Research Laboratory, WPAFB, Ohio 45433, United States
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6
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Aerosol Jet Printing of 3D Pillar Arrays from Photopolymer Ink. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163411. [PMID: 36015668 PMCID: PMC9412835 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An aerosol jet printing (AJP) printing head built on top of precise motion systems can provide positioning deviation down to 3 μm, printing areas as large as 20 cm × 20 cm × 30 cm, and five-axis freedom of movement. Typical uses of AJP are 2D printing on complex or flexible substrates, primarily for applications in printed electronics. Nearly all commercially available AJP inks for 2D printing are designed and optimized to reach desired electronic properties. In this work, we explore AJP for the 3D printing of free-standing pillar arrays. We utilize aryl epoxy photopolymer as ink coupled with a cross-linking “on the fly” technique. Pillar structures 550 μm in height and with a diameter of 50 μm were 3D printed. Pillar structures were characterized via scanning electron microscopy, where the morphology, number of printed layers and side effects of the AJP technique were investigated. Satellite droplets and over-spray seem to be unavoidable for structures smaller than 70 μm. Nevertheless, reactive ion etching (RIE) as a post-processing step can mitigate AJP side effects. AJP-RIE together with photopolymer-based ink can be promising for the 3D printing of microstructures, offering fast and maskless manufacturing without wet chemistry development and heat treatment post-processing.
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7
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Ye S, Williams NX, Franklin A. Aerosol Jet Printing of SU-8 as a Passivation Layer Against Ionic Solutions. JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2022; 51:1583-1590. [PMID: 35991773 PMCID: PMC9387772 DOI: 10.1007/s11664-021-09396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To ensure stability for low-cost electronics used in direct contact with ionic solutions (such as electronic biosensors), electrodes are frequently passivated to protect against current leakage, which leads to corrosion. The epoxy-based polymer SU-8 yields favorable properties for passivation against ionic solutions. However, it is nearly universally patterned via cleanroom techniques, which increases device cost and fabrication complexity. Printing electronic components has been shown to be a viable approach for decreasing fabrication cost. Previous reports on SU-8 printing focus on the resultant printed structure, with little emphasis on its subsequent use as a passivation layer. Here, we demonstrate the printing of SU-8 with an aerosol jet printer using ultrasonic aerosolization. We show that SU-8 can be printed without reformulation, and that printed SU-8 is a viable passivation layer over conductive silver lines, when tested in ionic solutions. Extending the printed SU-8 film beyond the underlying conductive electrodes by 100 μm produced a six order of magnitude decrease in leakage current and resulted high stability over 20 voltage sweeps. Finally, we optimized post-printing cure time to 15 minutes at 160°C, which further minimized leakage current. While the development of low-cost, electronic biosensing devices has increasingly moved towards printing methods, the lack of a printed passivation strategy has hindered this transition. The advancements made in this study towards an aerosol jet printable SU-8 passivation layer provide useful progress towards a fully printed, stable electronic biosensing device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Ye
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University. Durham, NC 27708
| | - Nicholas X Williams
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University. Durham, NC 27708
| | - Aaron Franklin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University. Durham, NC 27708
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8
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Beltrão M, Duarte FM, Viana JC, Paulo V. A review on in‐mold electronics technology. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Beltrão
- IPC—Institute for Polymers and Composites University of Minho Guimarães Portugal
| | - Fernando M. Duarte
- IPC—Institute for Polymers and Composites University of Minho Guimarães Portugal
| | - Júlio C. Viana
- IPC—Institute for Polymers and Composites University of Minho Guimarães Portugal
| | - Vitor Paulo
- GLN Innovation—Grupo Manuel Champalimaud Leiria Portugal
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9
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Gibney R, Ferraris E. Bioprinting of Collagen Type I and II via Aerosol Jet Printing for the Replication of Dense Collagenous Tissues. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:786945. [PMID: 34805132 PMCID: PMC8602098 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.786945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen has grown increasingly present in bioprinting, however collagen bioprinting has mostly been limited to the extrusion printing of collagen type I to form weak collagen hydrogels. While these weak collagen hydrogels have their applications, synthetic polymers are often required to reinforce gel-laden constructs that aim to replicate dense collagenous tissues found in vivo. In this study, aerosol jet printing (AJP) was used to print and process collagen type I and II into dense constructs with a greater capacity to replicate the dense collagenous ECM found in connective tissues. Collagen type I and II was isolated from animal tissues to form solutions for printing. Collagen type I and II constructs were printed with 576 layers and measured to have average effective elastic moduli of 241.3 ± 94.3 and 196.6 ± 86.0 kPa (±SD), respectively, without any chemical modification. Collagen type II solutions were measured to be less viscous than type I and both collagen type I and II exhibited a drop in viscosity due to AJP. Circular dichroism and SDS-PAGE showed collagen type I to be more vulnerable to structural changes due to the stresses of the aerosol formation step of aerosol jet printing while the collagen type II triple helix was largely unaffected. SEM illustrated that distinct layers remained in the aerosol jet print constructs. The results show that aerosol jet printing should be considered an effective way to process collagen type I and II into stiff dense constructs with suitable mechanical properties for the replication of dense collagenous connective tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Gibney
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven Campus De Nayer, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eleonora Ferraris
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven Campus De Nayer, Leuven, Belgium
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10
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Capel AJ, Smith MAA, Taccola S, Pardo-Figuerez M, Rimington RP, Lewis MP, Christie SDR, Kay RW, Harris RA. Digitally Driven Aerosol Jet Printing to Enable Customisable Neuronal Guidance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:722294. [PMID: 34527674 PMCID: PMC8435718 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.722294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Digitally driven manufacturing technologies such as aerosol jet printing (AJP) can make a significant contribution to enabling new capabilities in the field of tissue engineering disease modeling and drug screening. AJP is an emerging non-contact and mask-less printing process which has distinct advantages over other patterning technologies as it offers versatile, high-resolution, direct-write deposition of a variety of materials on planar and non-planar surfaces. This research demonstrates the ability of AJP to print digitally controlled patterns that influence neuronal guidance. These consist of patterned poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) tracks on both glass and poly(potassium 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate) (PKSPMA) coated glass surfaces, promoting selective adhesion of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. The cell attractive patterns had a maximum height ≥0.2 μm, width and half height ≥15 μm, Ra = 3.5 nm, and RMS = 4.1. The developed biocompatible PEDOT:PSS ink was shown to promote adhesion, growth and differentiation of SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. SH-SY5Y cells cultured directly onto these features exhibited increased nuclei and neuronal alignment on both substrates. In addition, the cell adhesion to the substrate was selective when cultured onto the PKSPMA surfaces resulting in a highly organized neural pattern. This demonstrated the ability to rapidly and flexibly realize intricate and accurate cell patterns by a computer controlled process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Capel
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A A Smith
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Taccola
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Pardo-Figuerez
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Rowan P Rimington
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Mark P Lewis
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert W Kay
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Russell A Harris
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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11
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Gibney R, Patterson J, Ferraris E. High-Resolution Bioprinting of Recombinant Human Collagen Type III. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2973. [PMID: 34503013 PMCID: PMC8434404 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of commercial collagen inks for extrusion-based bioprinting has increased the amount of research on pure collagen bioprinting, i.e., collagen inks not mixed with gelatin, alginate, or other more common biomaterial inks. New printing techniques have also improved the resolution achievable with pure collagen bioprinting. However, the resultant collagen constructs still appear too weak to replicate dense collagenous tissues, such as the cornea. This work aims to demonstrate the first reported case of bioprinted recombinant collagen films with suitable optical and mechanical properties for corneal tissue engineering. The printing technology used, aerosol jet® printing (AJP), is a high-resolution printing method normally used to deposit conductive inks for electronic printing. In this work, AJP was employed to deposit recombinant human collagen type III (RHCIII) in overlapping continuous lines of 60 µm to form thin layers. Layers were repeated up to 764 times to result in a construct that was considered a few hundred microns thick when swollen. Samples were subsequently neutralised and crosslinked using EDC:NHS crosslinking. Nanoindentation and absorbance measurements were conducted, and the results show that the AJP-deposited RHCIII samples possess suitable mechanical and optical properties for corneal tissue engineering: an average effective elastic modulus of 506 ± 173 kPa and transparency ≥87% at all visible wavelengths. Circular dichroism showed that there was some loss of helicity of the collagen due to aerosolisation. SDS-PAGE and pepsin digestion were used to show that while some collagen is degraded due to aerosolisation, it remains an inaccessible substrate for pepsin cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Gibney
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus De Nayer, 2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Patterson
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Group, IMDEA Materials Institute, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eleonora Ferraris
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus De Nayer, 2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
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12
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Williams NX, Carroll B, Noyce SG, Hobbie HA, Joh DY, Rogers JG, Franklin AD. Fully printed prothrombin time sensor for point-of-care testing. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 172:112770. [PMID: 33157410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
With an increasing number of patients relying on blood thinners to treat medical conditions, there is a rising need for rapid, low-cost, portable testing of blood coagulation time or prothrombin time (PT). Current methods for measuring PT require regular visits to outpatient clinics, which is cumbersome and time-consuming, decreasing patient quality of life. In this work, we developed a handheld point-of-care test (POCT) to measure PT using electrical transduction. Low-cost PT sensors were fully printed using an aerosol jet printer and conductive inks of Ag nanoparticles, Ag nanowires, and carbon nanotubes. Using benchtop control electronics to test this impedance-based biosensor, it was found that the capacitive nature of blood obscures the clotting response at frequencies below 10 kHz, leading to an optimized operating frequency of 15 kHz. When printed on polyimide, the PT sensor exhibited no variation in the measured clotting time, even when flexed to a 35 mm bend radius. In addition, consistent PT measurements for both chicken and human blood illustrate the versatility of these printed biosensors under disparate operating conditions, where chicken blood clots within 30 min and anticoagulated human blood clots within 20-100 s. Finally, a low-cost, handheld POCT was developed to measure PT for human blood, yielding 70% lower noise compared to measurement with a commercial potentiostat. This POCT with printed PT sensors has the potential to dramatically improve the quality of life for patients on blood thinners and, in the long term, could be incorporated into a fully flexible and wearable sensing platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas X Williams
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Brittani Carroll
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Steven G Noyce
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Hansel Alex Hobbie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Daniel Y Joh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Joseph G Rogers
- Department of Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Aaron D Franklin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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