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Sorieul C, Papi F, Carboni F, Pecetta S, Phogat S, Adamo R. Recent advances and future perspectives on carbohydrate-based cancer vaccines and therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 235:108158. [PMID: 35183590 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are abundantly expressed on the surface of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, often as post translational modifications of proteins. Glycoproteins are recognized by the immune system and can trigger both innate and humoral responses. This feature has been harnessed to generate vaccines against polysaccharide-encapsulated bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae type b and Neisseria meningitidis. In cancer, glycosylation plays a pivotal role in malignancy development and progression. Since glycans are specifically expressed on the surface of tumor cells, they have been targeted for the discovery of anticancer preventive and therapeutic treatments, such as vaccines and monoclonal antibodies. Despite the various efforts made over the last years, resulting in a series of clinical studies, attempts of vaccination with carbohydrate-based candidates have proven unsuccessful, primarily due to the immune tolerance often associated with these glycans. New strategies are thus deployed to enhance carbohydrate-based cancer vaccines. Moreover, lessons learned from glycan immunobiology paved the way to the development of new monoclonal antibodies specifically designed to recognize cancer-bound carbohydrates and induce tumor cell killing. Herein we provide an overview of the immunological principles behind the immune response towards glycans and glycoconjugates and the approaches exploited at both preclinical and clinical level to target cancer-associated glycans for the development of vaccines and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. We also discuss gaps and opportunities to successfully advance glycan-directed cancer therapies, which could provide patients with innovative and effective treatments.
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2
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Berois N, Pittini A, Osinaga E. Targeting Tumor Glycans for Cancer Therapy: Successes, Limitations, and Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030645. [PMID: 35158915 PMCID: PMC8833780 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aberrant glycosylation is a common feature of many cancers, and it plays crucial roles in tumor development and biology. Cancer progression can be regulated by several physiopathological processes controlled by glycosylation, such as cell–cell adhesion, cell–matrix interaction, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Different mechanisms of aberrant glycosylation lead to the formation of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs), which are suitable for selective cancer targeting, as well as novel antitumor immunotherapy approaches. This review summarizes the strategies developed in cancer immunotherapy targeting TACAs, analyzing molecular and cellular mechanisms and state-of-the-art methods in clinical oncology. Abstract Aberrant glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer and can lead to changes that influence tumor behavior. Glycans can serve as a source of novel clinical biomarker developments, providing a set of specific targets for therapeutic intervention. Different mechanisms of aberrant glycosylation lead to the formation of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) suitable for selective cancer-targeting therapy. The best characterized TACAs are truncated O-glycans (Tn, TF, and sialyl-Tn antigens), gangliosides (GD2, GD3, GM2, GM3, fucosyl-GM1), globo-serie glycans (Globo-H, SSEA-3, SSEA-4), Lewis antigens, and polysialic acid. In this review, we analyze strategies for cancer immunotherapy targeting TACAs, including different antibody developments, the production of vaccines, and the generation of CAR-T cells. Some approaches have been approved for clinical use, such as anti-GD2 antibodies. Moreover, in terms of the antitumor mechanisms against different TACAs, we show results of selected clinical trials, considering the horizons that have opened up as a result of recent developments in technologies used for cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Berois
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Alvaro Pittini
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Osinaga
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (E.O.)
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3
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Castro A, Berois N, Malanga A, Ortega C, Oppezzo P, Pristch O, Mombrú AW, Osinaga E, Pardo H. Docetaxel in chitosan-based nanocapsules conjugated with an anti-Tn antigen mouse/human chimeric antibody as a promising targeting strategy of lung tumors. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:806-814. [PMID: 33857513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the physicochemical and biological properties of docetaxel (DCX) loaded chitosan nanocapsules (CS Nc) functionalized with the monoclonal antibody Chi-Tn (CS-PEG-ChiTn mAb Nc) as a potential improvement treatment for cancer therapy. The Tn antigen is highly specific for carcinomas, and this is the first time that such structure is targeted for drug delivery. The nanocapsules (Ncs), formed as a polymeric shell around an oily core, allowed a 99.9% encapsulation efficiency of DCX with a monodispersity particle size in the range of 200 nm and a high positive surface charge that provide substantial stability to the nanosystems. Release profile of DCX from Ncs showed a sustained and pH dependent behavior with a faster release at acidic pH, which could be favorable in the intracellular drug delivery. We have designed PEGylated CS Nc modified with a monoclonal antibody which recognize Tn antigen, one of the most specific tumor associated antigen. A biotin-avidin approach achieved the successful attachment of the antibody to the nanocapsules. Uptake studies and viability assay conducted in A549 human lung cancer cell line in vitro demonstrate that ChiTn mAb enhance nanoparticles internalization and cell viability reduction. Consequently, these ChiTn functionalized nanocapsules are promising carriers for the active targeting of DCX to Tn expressing carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analía Castro
- Centro NanoMat, DETEMA, Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nora Berois
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, CP 11400, Uruguay
| | - Antonio Malanga
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - Claudia Ortega
- Unidad de Proteínas Recombinantes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Oppezzo
- Unidad de Proteínas Recombinantes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Otto Pristch
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Inmuno-Virología, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alvaro W Mombrú
- Centro NanoMat, DETEMA, Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Osinaga
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, CP 11400, Uruguay; Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Helena Pardo
- Centro NanoMat, DETEMA, Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Durrant C, Fuehring JI, Willemetz A, Chrétien D, Sala G, Ghidoni R, Katz A, Rötig A, Thelestam M, Ermonval M, Moore SEH. Defects in Galactose Metabolism and Glycoconjugate Biosynthesis in a UDP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase-Deficient Cell Line Are Reversed by Adding Galactose to the Growth Medium. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062028. [PMID: 32188137 PMCID: PMC7139386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) is synthesized by UGP2-encoded UDP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (UGP) and is required for glycoconjugate biosynthesis and galactose metabolism because it is a uridyl donor for galactose-1-P (Gal1P) uridyltransferase. Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts harboring a hypomrphic UGP(G116D) variant display reduced UDP-Glc levels and cannot grow if galactose is the sole carbon source. Here, these cells were cultivated with glucose in either the absence or presence of galactose in order to investigate glycoconjugate biosynthesis and galactose metabolism. The UGP-deficient cells display < 5% control levels of UDP-Glc/UDP-Gal and > 100-fold reduction of [6-3H]galactose incorporation into UDP-[6-3H]galactose, as well as multiple deficits in glycoconjugate biosynthesis. Cultivation of these cells in the presence of galactose leads to partial restoration of UDP-Glc levels, galactose metabolism and glycoconjugate biosynthesis. The Vmax for recombinant human UGP(G116D) with Glc1P is 2000-fold less than that of the wild-type protein, and UGP(G116D) displayed a mildly elevated Km for Glc1P, but no activity of the mutant enzyme towards Gal1P was detectable. To conclude, although the mechanism behind UDP-Glc/Gal production in the UGP-deficient cells remains to be determined, the capacity of this cell line to change its glycosylation status as a function of extracellular galactose makes it a useful, reversible model with which to study different aspects of galactose metabolism and glycoconjugate biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Durrant
- INSERM U1149, Université de Paris, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75018 Paris, France; (C.D.); (A.W.)
| | - Jana I. Fuehring
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Alexandra Willemetz
- INSERM U1149, Université de Paris, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75018 Paris, France; (C.D.); (A.W.)
| | - Dominique Chrétien
- UMR1163, Université Paris Decartes, Sorbonnes Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015 Paris, France; (D.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Giusy Sala
- “Aldo Ravelli” Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy; (G.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Riccardo Ghidoni
- “Aldo Ravelli” Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy; (G.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Abram Katz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Agnès Rötig
- UMR1163, Université Paris Decartes, Sorbonnes Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015 Paris, France; (D.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Monica Thelestam
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Myriam Ermonval
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Stuart E. H. Moore
- INSERM U1149, Université de Paris, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75018 Paris, France; (C.D.); (A.W.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Ortega C, Prieto D, Abreu C, Oppezzo P, Correa A. Multi-Compartment and Multi-Host Vector Suite for Recombinant Protein Expression and Purification. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1384. [PMID: 29997597 PMCID: PMC6030378 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant protein expression has become an invaluable tool in basic and applied research. The accumulated knowledge in this field allowed the expression of thousands of protein targets in a soluble, pure, and homogeneous state, essential for biochemical and structural analyses. A lot of progress has been achieved in the last decades, where challenging proteins were expressed in a soluble manner after evaluating different parameters such as host, strain, and fusion partner or promoter strength, among others. In this regard, we have previously developed a vector suite that allows the evaluation of different promoters and solubility enhancer-proteins, through an easy and efficient cloning strategy. Nonetheless, the proper expression of many targets remains elusive, requiring, for example, the addition of complex post-translation modifications and/or passage through specialized compartments. In order to overcome the limitations found when working with a single subcellular localization and a single host type, we herein expanded our previously developed vector suite to include the evaluation of recombinant protein expression in different cell compartments and cell hosts. In addition, these vectors also allow the assessment of alternative purification strategies for the improvement of target protein yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ortega
- Recombinant Protein Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Research Laboratory on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Daniel Prieto
- Recombinant Protein Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Abreu
- Recombinant Protein Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Research Laboratory on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Oppezzo
- Recombinant Protein Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Research Laboratory on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Agustín Correa
- Recombinant Protein Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Research Laboratory on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
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6
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Sedlik C, Heitzmann A, Viel S, Ait Sarkouh R, Batisse C, Schmidt F, De La Rochere P, Amzallag N, Osinaga E, Oppezzo P, Pritsch O, Sastre-Garau X, Hubert P, Amigorena S, Piaggio E. Effective antitumor therapy based on a novel antibody-drug conjugate targeting the Tn carbohydrate antigen. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1171434. [PMID: 27622021 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1171434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), combining the specificity of tumor recognition by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and the powerful cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs, are currently under growing interest and development. Here, we studied the potential of Chi-Tn, a mAb directed to a glyco-peptidic tumor-associated antigen, to be used as an ADC for cancer treatment. First, we demonstrated that Chi-Tn specifically targeted tumor cells in vivo. Also, using flow cytometry and deconvolution microscopy, we showed that the Chi-Tn mAb is rapidly internalized - condition necessary to ensure the delivery of conjugated cytotoxic drugs in an active form, and targeted to early and recycling endosomes. When conjugated to saporin (SAP) or to auristatin F, the Chi-Tn ADC exhibited effective cytotoxicity to Tn-positive tumor cells in vitro, which correlated with the level of tumoral Tn expression. Furthermore, the Chi-Tn mAb conjugated to auristatin F also exhibited efficient antitumor activity in vivo, validating for the first time the use of an anti-Tn antibody as an effective ADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sedlik
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France; INSERM U932, Paris, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie CICBT 1428, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Adèle Heitzmann
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France; INSERM U932, Paris, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie CICBT 1428, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Viel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France; INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Rafik Ait Sarkouh
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France; CNRS UMR3666/INSERM U 1143, Paris, France
| | - Cornélie Batisse
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France; CNRS UMR3666/INSERM U 1143, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Schmidt
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France; CNRS UMR3666/INSERM U 1143, Paris, France
| | | | - Nathalie Amzallag
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France; INSERM U932, Paris, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie CICBT 1428, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Eduardo Osinaga
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Oppezzo
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Otto Pritsch
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Pascale Hubert
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France; INSERM U932, Paris, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie CICBT 1428, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Sebastian Amigorena
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France; INSERM U932, Paris, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie CICBT 1428, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Eliane Piaggio
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France; INSERM U932, Paris, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie CICBT 1428, Institut Curie, Paris, France
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Fujita-Yamaguchi Y. Renewed interest in basic and applied research involving monoclonal antibodies against an oncofetal Tn-antigen. J Biochem 2013; 154:103-5. [PMID: 23740330 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvt052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tn-antigen (GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) is one of the most common aberrations associated with cancer progression and metastasis, and thus is an excellent target for development of cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. MLS128 monoclonal antibody (mAb), derived from a mouse immunized with human colon carcinoma cells, was reported to bind to two or three consecutive Tn-antigens (Tn2 or Tn3) with one-order higher affinity for Tn3 than for Tn2. Our recent studies demonstrated that MLS128 significantly inhibits breast and colon cancer cell growth. Molecular cloning of the variable regions of heavy (VH) and light (VL) chains revealed that the VH sequence of MLS128 shared 97% nucleotide sequence identity with the VH of 83D4 mAb, derived from breast cancer-immunized mice, which has a similar affinity for Tn2/Tn3. MLS128 single-chain antibodies (scFv) and scFv-Fc were constructed to confirm the affinity for synthetic Tn2/Tn3 peptides. Thermodynamic studies on MLS128 binding to Tn2/Tn3 revealed its unique nature of temperature-dependent binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Fujita-Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University School of Engineering, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan.
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8
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Yuasa N, Ogawa H, Koizumi T, Tsukamoto K, Matsumoto-Takasaki A, Asanuma H, Nakada H, Fujita-Yamaguchi Y. Construction and expression of anti-Tn-antigen-specific single-chain antibody genes from hybridoma producing MLS128 monoclonal antibody. J Biochem 2012; 151:371-81. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvs007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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9
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Blixt O, Lavrova OI, Mazurov DV, Cló E, Kracun SK, Bovin NV, Filatov AV. Analysis of Tn antigenicity with a panel of new IgM and IgG1 monoclonal antibodies raised against leukemic cells. Glycobiology 2011; 22:529-42. [PMID: 22143985 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD175 or Tn antigen is a carbohydrate moiety of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)α1-O- linked to the residue of amino acid serine or threonine in a polypeptide chain. Despite the chemical simplicity of the Tn antigen, its antigenic structure is considered to be complex and the clear determinants of Tn antigenicity remain poorly understood. As a consequence, a broad variety of anti-Tn monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been generated. To further investigate the nature and complexity of the Tn antigen, we generated seven different anti-Tn mAbs of IgM and IgG classes raised against human Jurkat T cells, which are Tn-positive due to the low activity of T-synthase and mutation in specific chaperone Cosmc. The binding analysis of anti-Tn mAbs with the array of synthetic saccharides, glycopeptides and O-glycoproteins revealed unexpected differences in specificities of anti-Tn mAbs. IgM mAbs bound the terminal GalNAc residue of the Tn antigen irrespective of the peptide context or with low selectivity to the glycoproteins. In contrast, IgG mAbs recognized the Tn antigen in the context of a specific peptide motif. Particularly, JA3 mAb reacted to the GSPP or GSPAPP, and JA5 mAb recognized specifically the GSP motif (glycosylation sites are underlined). The major O-glycan carrier proteins CD43 and CD162 and isoforms of CD45 expressed on Jurkat cells were precipitated by anti-Tn mAbs with different affinities. In summary, our data suggest that Tn antigen-Ab binding capacity is determined by the peptide context of the Tn antigen, antigenic specificity of the Ab and class of the immunoglobulin. The newly generated anti-Tn IgG mAbs with the strong specificity to glycoprotein CD43 can be particularly interesting for the application in leukemia diagnostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Blixt
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, dept. 24.6.48, DK-2200 N Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Hubert P, Heitzmann A, Viel S, Nicolas A, Sastre-Garau X, Oppezzo P, Pritsch O, Osinaga E, Amigorena S. Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity synapses form in mice during tumor-specific antibody immunotherapy. Cancer Res 2011; 71:5134-43. [PMID: 21697279 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-4222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) plays a critical role in monoclonal antibody (mAb)-mediated cancer therapy. ADCC, however, has not been directly shown in vivo but inferred from the requirement for IgG Fc receptors (FcγR) in tumor rejection in mice. Here, we investigated the mechanism of action of a Tn antigen-specific chimeric mAb (Chi-Tn), which binds selectively to a wide variety of carcinomas, but not to normal tissues, in both humans and mice. Chi-Tn mAb showed no direct toxicity against carcinomas cell lines in vitro but induced the rejection of a murine breast tumor in 80% to 100% of immunocompetent mice, when associated with cyclophosphamide. Tumor rejection was abolished in Fc receptors-associated γ chain (FcR-γ)-deficient mice, suggesting a role for ADCC. Indeed, tumor cells formed stable conjugates in vivo with FcR-γ chain-expressing macrophages and neutrophils in Chi-Tn mAb-treated but not in control mAb-treated mice. The contact zone between tumor cells and ADCC effectors accumulated actin, FcγR and phospho-tyrosines. The in vivo formed ADCC synapses were organized in multifocal supra-molecular activation clusters. These results show that in vivo ADCC mediated by macrophages and neutrophils during tumor rejection by Chi-Tn mAb involves a novel type of multifocal immune synapse between effectors of innate immunity and tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Hubert
- Institut Curie, Hôpital, Département de Biologie des tumeurs, Paris, France
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11
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Li Q, Rodriguez LG, Farnsworth DF, Gildersleeve JC. Effects of hapten density on the induced antibody repertoire. Chembiochem 2010; 11:1686-91. [PMID: 20602400 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Small peptides and oligosaccharides are important antigens for the development of vaccines and the production of monoclonal antibodies. Because of their small size, peptides and oligosaccharides are non-immunogenic on their own and typically must be conjugated to a larger carrier protein to elicit an immune response. Selection of a suitable carrier protein, conjugation method, and hapten density are critical for generating an optimal immune response. We used a glycan array to compare the repertoire of antibodies induced after immunizing with either low or high-density conjugates of the tumor-associated Tn antigen. At high hapten density, a broader range of antibodies was induced, and reactivity to the clustered Tn antigen was observed. In contrast, antibodies induced by the low-density conjugate had narrower reactivity and did not bind the clustered Tn antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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12
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Antibody recognition of a unique tumor-specific glycopeptide antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:10056-61. [PMID: 20479270 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0915176107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation and the overexpression of certain carbohydrate moieties is a consistent feature of cancers, and tumor-associated oligosaccharides are actively investigated as targets for immunotherapy. One of the most common aberrations in glycosylation patterns is the presentation of a single O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine on a threonine or serine residue known as the "Tn antigen." Whereas the ubiquitous nature of Tn antigens on cancers has made them a natural focus of vaccine research, such carbohydrate moieties are not always tumor-specific and have been observed on embryonic and nonmalignant adult tissue. Here we report the structural basis of binding of a complex of a monoclonal antibody (237mAb) with a truly tumor-specific glycopeptide containing the Tn antigen. In contrast to glycopeptide-specific antibodies in complex with simple peptides, 237mAb does not recognize a conformational epitope induced in the peptide by sugar substitution. Instead, 237mAb uses a pocket coded by germ-line genes to completely envelope the carbohydrate moiety itself while interacting with the peptide moiety in a shallow groove. Thus, 237mAb achieves its striking tumor specificity, with no observed physiological cross-reactivity to the unglycosylated peptide or the free glycan, by a combination of multiple weak but specific interactions to both the peptide and to the glycan portions of the antigen.
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13
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Sakai K, Yuasa N, Tsukamoto K, Takasaki-Matsumoto A, Yajima Y, Sato R, Kawakami H, Mizuno M, Takayanagi A, Shimizu N, Nakata M, Fujita-Yamaguchi Y. Isolation and characterization of antibodies against three consecutive Tn-antigen clusters from a phage library displaying human single-chain variable fragments. J Biochem 2010; 147:809-17. [PMID: 20147453 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvq014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Tn-antigen, GalNAcalpha-Ser/Thr, is a tumour-associated carbohydrate antigen that may provide a sensitive and specific marker for pre-clinical detection of carcinoma and a target for cancer therapies. We recently reported that MLS128 monoclonal antibody treatment significantly inhibited colon and breast cancer cell growth. On the basis of our observations, the present study aimed to produce human anti-Tn-antigen antibodies with specificity similar to that of MLS128 monoclonal antibody, which recognizes a structure of three consecutive Tn-antigens (Tn3). Six phage clones displaying human single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) were isolated from a newly constructed phage library by panning and screening with a synthetic Tn3-peptide. Deduced amino-acid sequences of six anti-Tn3 scFvs exhibited a high degree of homology. Of those, anti-Tn3 4E10 and 4G2 scFv proteins were successfully purified from phage-infected Escherichia coli to near homogeneity. Surface plasmon resonance analyses revealed a K(D) of purified scFv proteins for Tn3 on an order of 10(-7) M, which is high for carbohydrate-specific monovalent antibodies. Further analyses suggested that both scFv proteins also bind to Tn2 and cultured colon and breast cancer cells. These results demonstrated the potential for use of these scFvs in developing antibody therapeutics targeting colon and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Sakai
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University School of Engineering, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
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14
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Danussi C, Coslovi A, Campa C, Mucignat MT, Spessotto P, Uggeri F, Paoletti S, Colombatti A. A newly generated functional antibody identifies Tn antigen as a novel determinant in the cancer cell-lymphatic endothelium interaction. Glycobiology 2009; 19:1056-67. [PMID: 19528665 PMCID: PMC2736043 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant transformation of epithelial cells is frequently associated with the alteration of glycosylation pathways. Tn is a common tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen present in 90% of human carcinomas and its expression correlates with metastatic potential and poor prognosis. Despite its relevance, the functional role of Tn in tumor biology has not been firmly established probably for the lack of appropriate experimental tools. Our aims were to produce highly reactive monoclonal antibodies against Tn making use of synthetically produced Tn and to test their usefulness for in vivo imaging as well as to define their potential functional activity in tumor cell spread. We immunized mice with Tn clustered on cationized BSA and screened the positive hybridomas with Tn-biotinylated alginate. Enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay and immunofluorescence assays revealed that the most reactive anti-Tn IgM mAb (2154F12A4) selectively recognized Tn on the MCF7 breast cancer cell line since its binding to the cell membrane was completely abolished by preincubation with purified Tn. Importantly, QDot 800-conjugated mAb injected in MCF7-tumor bearing mice specifically bound to primary tumor lesions as well as to metastases in lymph nodes. In addition, this mAb was able to inhibit cancer cell adhesion to lymphatic endothelium suggesting a novel involvement of Tn in the lymphatic dissemination of cancer cells and hypothesizing future applications in inhibiting lymphatic metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Danussi
- Division of Experimental Oncology 2, Department of Molecular Oncology and Translational Research, CRO-IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
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15
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Ando H, Matsushita T, Wakitani M, Sato T, Kodama-Nishida S, Shibata K, Shitara K, Ohta S. Mouse-human chimeric anti-Tn IgG1 induced anti-tumor activity against Jurkat cells in vitro and in vivo. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:1739-44. [PMID: 18758069 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.1739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tn-antigen (alpha-N-acetyl-galactosamine(GalNAc)-Ser/Thr) is a cancer-associated carbohydrate antigen expressed in various epithelial and hematological cancers, and although a number of anti-Tn IgG and IgM antibodies have been generated, they have not been fully validated for cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we generated a novel murine anti-Tn IgG1 monoclonal antibody, KM3413, by immunization of mucins purified from a culture supernatant of LS180: a human colon cancer cell line. The binding of KM3413 was detected against consecutive Tn-antigens (Tn3 and Tn2), but not against monovalent antigens (Tn1). The affinity (K(D)) of KM3413 was determined to be about 10(-7) M with BIAcore. Cross-reactivity against type-A blood antigen, which shares a sugar residue, alpha-linked GalNAc, with Tn-antigen, was not detected. Next, we generated mouse-human chimeric IgG1 of KM3413 (cKM3413) and evaluated its anti-tumor activities against Jurkat: a human T-lymphoid leukemia cell line. In vitro assay revealed that cKM3413 induced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and direct killing activity with cross-link antibody. Furthermore, treatment of cKM3413 (1 or 10 mg/kg) showed significantly better survival of Jurkat-inoculated C.B-17/lcr-scid Jcl mice compared with controls using PBS treatment (p<0.001). These results suggest that humanized antibody against clustered Tn-antigens is a promising therapeutic antibody against Tn-positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ando
- Antibody Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd, Machida, Tokyo, Japan.
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16
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Kawaguchi T, Takazawa H, Imai S, Morimoto J, Watanabe T, Kanno M, Igarashi S. Expression of Vicia villosa agglutinin (VVA)-binding glycoprotein in primary breast cancer cells in relation to lymphatic metastasis: is atypical MUC1 bearing Tn antigen a receptor of VVA? Breast Cancer Res Treat 2006; 98:31-43. [PMID: 16752227 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-005-9115-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2005] [Accepted: 11/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant carbohydrate expression frequently occurs in breast cancer and may endow cells with metastatic potential. Here we first studied the relationship between expression of Vicia villosa agglutinin (lectin) (VVA)-binding carbohydrates and aggressive breast cancer. We then investigated the molecular characteristics of these glycoproteins and compared them with those of glycoproteins recognized by the mouse anti-Tn monoclonal antibody (MAb) HB-Tn1. Histochemical studies of samples from 322 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma demonstrated that VVA-binding carbohydrate expression correlated with tumor stage, lymphatic invasion, and lymph node metastasis (p=0.0385, p=0.0019, and p=0.0430. respectively). Western blotting analysis of frozen materials from 39 cases, under denaturing and reducing conditions, revealed that the major cancer cell-specific VVA-binding proteins were molecules of about 30, 33, and >200 kDa. Cases expressing the approximately 33 kDa molecule had significant lymphatic invasion more frequently than did cases not expressing this molecule (p=0.0076). Binding of VVA to the approximately 30 and approximately 33 kDa molecules was completely lost by preincubation of VVA with 1 mM Tn antigen (N-acetylgalactosamine alpha1-O-serine). The VVA-binding molecules appeared to react with VU-3C6 anti-MUC1 MAb. Expression of HB-Tn1 in breast cancer cells showed significant correlation with expression of VVA-binding carbohydrate(s) (p<0.0001) but HB-Tn1 reactivity was not clearly related to breast cancer aggressiveness. Because anti-Tn MAbs bound to Tn antigen clusters, we concluded that atypical MUC1 bearing the noncluster form of Tn antigen is implicated in aggressive growth of primary breast cancer cells, particularly in lymphatic metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Kawaguchi
- Second Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, and Department of Pathology, Chiba National Hospital, Japan.
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17
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Oppezzo P, Dumas G, Lalanne AI, Payelle-Brogard B, Magnac C, Pritsch O, Dighiero G, Vuillier F. Different isoforms of BSAP regulate expression of AID in normal and chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. Blood 2004; 105:2495-503. [PMID: 15561888 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-09-3644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is key to initiating somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR), but its mode of action and regulation remains unclear. Since Pax-5 and Id-2 transcription factors play an opposing role in AID regulation, we have studied the expression of Pax-5, Id-2, and prdm-1 genes in 54 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells. In 21 cases, presence of AID is constantly associated with high expression of the complete form of the Pax-5 gene (Pax-5a) and lower expression of the Id-2 and prdm-1 transcripts. In 33 cases, the absence of AID expression and CSR is associated with a reduction of Pax-5a and the appearance of a spliced form with a deletion in exon 8 (Pax-5/Delta-Ex8). Stimulation with CD40L+interleukin 4 (IL-4) induces CSR, the presence of AID transcripts, up-regulation of Pax-5a and down-regulation of Pax-5/Delta-Ex8, and Id-2 and prdm-1 transcripts. Pax-5a and Pax-5/Delta-Ex8 are translated into 2 isoforms of the B-cell-specific activator protein (BSAP) and both are able to bind the AID-promoter region. Overall, these results suggest that Pax-5/Delta-Ex8 could play an important role in the control of its own transcription and indirectly in AID expression and CSR.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Base Sequence
- CD40 Ligand
- Cytidine Deaminase
- Cytosine Deaminase/immunology
- Cytosine Deaminase/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/immunology
- Humans
- Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2/immunology
- Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- PAX5 Transcription Factor/immunology
- PAX5 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Positive Regulatory Domain I-Binding Factor 1
- Protein Isoforms/immunology
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/immunology
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Deletion/immunology
- Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin/immunology
- Transcription Factors/immunology
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Oppezzo
- Unité d'Immuno-hématologie et d'Immunopathologie, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
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18
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Siegel DL, Czerwinski M, Spitalnik SL. Section 5: Structural/genetic analysis of mAbs to blood group antigens. Coordinator's report. Transfus Clin Biol 2002; 9:83-97. [PMID: 11889903 DOI: 10.1016/s1246-7820(01)00224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The heavy and light chain immunoglobulin variable region nucleotide sequences for 219 mAbs to human red blood cells were collected from workshop participants, published reports, and Genbank. Information regarding antigen specificity, species of origin, method of cloning, and other relevant serological properties was correlated with the sequence data. Immunoglobulin sequences were analyzed to determine the heavy- and light-chain immunoglobulin genes used and the overall extent of somatic mutation from germline configuration. Approximately 50% of the sequences encoded antibodies with Rh(D) specificity with the remaining sequences encoding mAbs to other Rh-related antigens, antigens of the ABO, MNS, and Kell blood group systems, and several others. Surprisingly, no sequence data were available for mAbs with specificity for a number of common Rh antigens, common Kell antigens, or antigens of the Lewis, Kidd, or Duffy blood group systems. The majority of mAbs were of human origin but included a significant number of macaque mAbs, murine mAbs, and a small number of synthetically-designed recombinant antibodies. Both cellular (EBV-transformation, cell fusion) and molecular (phage display) approaches were used for antibody cloning. Analysis of certain groups of sequences demonstrated patterns of immunoglobulin gene restriction, repertoire shift, and somatic mutation. Analysis of other mAbs demonstrated the value of antibody sequence data for the design and production of novel reagents useful in blood group serology.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Blood Group Antigens/immunology
- Blood Grouping and Crossmatching/standards
- Cell Fusion
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cloning, Molecular
- Databases, Nucleic Acid
- Drug Design
- Epitopes/immunology
- Genes, Immunoglobulin
- Genes, Synthetic
- Haplorhini
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/physiology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin G/genetics
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Light Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin M/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin M/genetics
- Immunoglobulin M/immunology
- Isoantibodies/chemistry
- Isoantibodies/genetics
- Isoantibodies/immunology
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Siegel
- University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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19
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Abstract
We have compiled a comprehensive list of the articles published in the year 2000 that describe work employing commercial optical biosensors. Selected reviews of interest for the general biosensor user are highlighted. Emerging applications in areas of drug discovery, clinical support, food and environment monitoring, and cell membrane biology are emphasized. In addition, the experimental design and data processing steps necessary to achieve high-quality biosensor data are described and examples of well-performed kinetic analysis are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Rich
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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