1
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Xue X, Kim YS, Ponce-Arias AI, O'Laughlin R, Yan RZ, Kobayashi N, Tshuva RY, Tsai YH, Sun S, Zheng Y, Liu Y, Wong FCK, Surani A, Spence JR, Song H, Ming GL, Reiner O, Fu J. A patterned human neural tube model using microfluidic gradients. Nature 2024; 628:391-399. [PMID: 38408487 PMCID: PMC11006583 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The human nervous system is a highly complex but organized organ. The foundation of its complexity and organization is laid down during regional patterning of the neural tube, the embryonic precursor to the human nervous system. Historically, studies of neural tube patterning have relied on animal models to uncover underlying principles. Recently, models of neurodevelopment based on human pluripotent stem cells, including neural organoids1-5 and bioengineered neural tube development models6-10, have emerged. However, such models fail to recapitulate neural patterning along both rostral-caudal and dorsal-ventral axes in a three-dimensional tubular geometry, a hallmark of neural tube development. Here we report a human pluripotent stem cell-based, microfluidic neural tube-like structure, the development of which recapitulates several crucial aspects of neural patterning in brain and spinal cord regions and along rostral-caudal and dorsal-ventral axes. This structure was utilized for studying neuronal lineage development, which revealed pre-patterning of axial identities of neural crest progenitors and functional roles of neuromesodermal progenitors and the caudal gene CDX2 in spinal cord and trunk neural crest development. We further developed dorsal-ventral patterned microfluidic forebrain-like structures with spatially segregated dorsal and ventral regions and layered apicobasal cellular organizations that mimic development of the human forebrain pallium and subpallium, respectively. Together, these microfluidics-based neurodevelopment models provide three-dimensional lumenal tissue architectures with in vivo-like spatiotemporal cell differentiation and organization, which will facilitate the study of human neurodevelopment and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Xue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yung Su Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alfredo-Isaac Ponce-Arias
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Richard O'Laughlin
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Robin Zhexuan Yan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Norio Kobayashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rami Yair Tshuva
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yu-Hwai Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shiyu Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Frederick C K Wong
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Azim Surani
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Orly Reiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jianping Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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2
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Iaffaldano BJ, Marino MP, Reiser J. CRISPR library screening to develop HEK293-derived cell lines with improved lentiviral vector titers. Front Genome Ed 2023; 5:1218328. [PMID: 37520398 PMCID: PMC10373892 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2023.1218328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lentiviral (LV) vectors have emerged as powerful tools for treating genetic and acquired human diseases. As clinical studies and commercial demands have progressed, there has been a growing need for large amounts of purified LV vectors. To help meet this demand, we developed CRISPR library screening methods to identify genetic perturbations in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells and their derivatives that may increase LV vector titers. Briefly, LV vector-based Human CRISPR Activation and Knockout libraries (Calabrese and Brunello) were used to modify HEK293 and HEK293T cells. These cell populations were then expanded, and integrated LV vector genomes were rescued by transfection. LV vectors were harvested, and the process of sequential transduction and rescue-transfection was iterated. Through this workflow, guide RNAs (gRNAs) that target genes that may suppress or enhance LV vector production were enriched and identified with Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Though more work is needed to test genes identified in this screen, we expect that perturbations of genes we identified here, such as TTLL12, which is an inhibitor of antiviral innate immunity may be introduced and multiplexed to yield cell lines with improved LV vector productivity.
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3
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Cotticelli MG, Xia S, Truitt R, Doliba NM, Rozo AV, Tobias JW, Lee T, Chen J, Napierala JS, Napierala M, Yang W, Wilson RB. Acute frataxin knockdown in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes activates a type I interferon response. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:276639. [PMID: 36107856 PMCID: PMC9637271 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia, the most common hereditary ataxia, is a neuro- and cardio-degenerative disorder caused, in most cases, by decreased expression of the mitochondrial protein frataxin. Cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of premature death. Frataxin functions in the biogenesis of iron-sulfur clusters, which are prosthetic groups that are found in proteins involved in many biological processes. To study the changes associated with decreased frataxin in human cardiomyocytes, we developed a novel isogenic model by acutely knocking down frataxin, post-differentiation, in cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Transcriptome analysis of four biological replicates identified severe mitochondrial dysfunction and a type I interferon response as the pathways most affected by frataxin knockdown. We confirmed that, in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, loss of frataxin leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. The type I interferon response was activated in multiple cell types following acute frataxin knockdown and was caused, at least in part, by release of mitochondrial DNA into the cytosol, activating the cGAS-STING sensor pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Grazia Cotticelli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shujuan Xia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rachel Truitt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicolai M. Doliba
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrea V. Rozo
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John W. Tobias
- Department of Genetics, Penn Genomics Analysis Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Taehee Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Justin Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jill S. Napierala
- Department of Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Marek Napierala
- Department of Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Wenli Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert B. Wilson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Author for correspondence ()
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4
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Tasca F, Brescia M, Wang Q, Liu J, Janssen JM, Szuhai K, Gonçalves MAFV. Large-scale genome editing based on high-capacity adenovectors and CRISPR-Cas9 nucleases rescues full-length dystrophin synthesis in DMD muscle cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:7761-7782. [PMID: 35776127 PMCID: PMC9303392 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted chromosomal insertion of large genetic payloads in human cells leverages and broadens synthetic biology and genetic therapy efforts. Yet, obtaining large-scale gene knock-ins remains particularly challenging especially in hard-to-transfect stem and progenitor cells. Here, fully viral gene-deleted adenovector particles (AdVPs) are investigated as sources of optimized high-specificity CRISPR-Cas9 nucleases and donor DNA constructs tailored for targeted insertion of full-length dystrophin expression units (up to 14.8-kb) through homologous recombination (HR) or homology-mediated end joining (HMEJ). In muscle progenitor cells, donors prone to HMEJ yielded higher CRISPR-Cas9-dependent genome editing frequencies than HR donors, with values ranging between 6% and 34%. In contrast, AdVP transduction of HR and HMEJ substrates in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) resulted in similar CRISPR-Cas9-dependent genome editing levels. Notably, when compared to regular iPSCs, in p53 knockdown iPSCs, CRISPR-Cas9-dependent genome editing frequencies increased up to 6.7-fold specifically when transducing HMEJ donor constructs. Finally, single DNA molecule analysis by molecular combing confirmed that AdVP-based genome editing achieves long-term complementation of DMD-causing mutations through the site-specific insertion of full-length dystrophin expression units. In conclusion, AdVPs are a robust and flexible platform for installing large genomic edits in human cells and p53 inhibition fosters HMEJ-based genome editing in iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Tasca
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcella Brescia
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Josephine M Janssen
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karoly Szuhai
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel A F V Gonçalves
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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5
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Jalal S, Dastidar S, Tedesco FS. Advanced models of human skeletal muscle differentiation, development and disease: Three-dimensional cultures, organoids and beyond. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 73:92-104. [PMID: 34384976 PMCID: PMC8692266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Advanced in vitro models of human skeletal muscle tissue are increasingly needed to model complex developmental dynamics and disease mechanisms not recapitulated in animal models or in conventional monolayer cell cultures. There has been impressive progress towards creating such models by using tissue engineering approaches to recapitulate a range of physical and biochemical components of native human skeletal muscle tissue. In this review, we discuss recent studies focussed on developing complex in vitro models of human skeletal muscle beyond monolayer cell cultures, involving skeletal myogenic differentiation from human primary myoblasts or pluripotent stem cells, often in the presence of structural scaffolding support. We conclude with our outlook on the future of advanced skeletal muscle three-dimensional cultures (e.g. organoids and biofabrication) to produce physiologically and clinically relevant platforms for disease modelling and therapy development in musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Jalal
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6DE London, United Kingdom
| | - Sumitava Dastidar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6DE London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Saverio Tedesco
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6DE London, United Kingdom; The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom; Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, WC1N 3JH London, United Kingdom.
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6
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Johnson NM, Alvarado AF, Moffatt TN, Edavettal JM, Swaminathan TA, Braun SE. HIV-based lentiviral vectors: origin and sequence differences. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 21:451-465. [PMID: 33981779 PMCID: PMC8065252 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Three gene therapy strategies have received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval; one includes HIV-1-based lentiviral vectors. These vectors incorporate features to provide long-term gene transfer and expression while minimizing generation of a replication-competent virus or pathogenicity. Importantly, the coding regions of viral proteins were deleted, and the cis-acting regulatory elements were retained. With the use of representative vectors developed for clinical/commercial applications, we compared the vector backbone sequences to the initial sources of the HIV-1. All vectors included required elements: 5′ long terminal repeat (LTR) through the Ψ packaging signal, central polypurine tract/chain termination sequence (cPPT/CTS), Rev responsive element (RRE), and 3′ LTR, including a poly(A) signal. The Ψ signaling sequence demonstrated the greatest similarity between all vectors with only minor changes. The 3′ LTR was the most divergent sequence with a range of deletions. The RRE length varied between vectors. Phylogenetic analysis of the cPPT/CTS indicated multiple sources, perhaps because of its later inclusion into lentiviral vector systems, whereas other regions revealed node clusters around the HIV-1 reference genomes HXB2 and NL4-3. We examine the function of each region in a lentiviral vector, the molecular differences between vectors, and where optimization may guide development of the lentiviral delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M Johnson
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - Anna Francesca Alvarado
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Trey N Moffatt
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Joshua M Edavettal
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Tarun A Swaminathan
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Stephen E Braun
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, LA 70433, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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7
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Kruse RL, Barzi M, Legras X, Pankowicz FP, Furey N, Liao L, Xu J, Bissig-Choisat B, Slagle BL, Bissig KD. A hepatitis B virus transgenic mouse model with a conditional, recombinant, episomal genome. JHEP Rep 2021; 3:100252. [PMID: 33733079 PMCID: PMC7940981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Development of new and more effective therapies against hepatitis B virus (HBV) is limited by the lack of suitable small animal models. The HBV transgenic mouse model containing an integrated overlength 1.3-mer construct has yielded crucial insights, but this model unfortunately lacks covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), the episomal HBV transcriptional template, and cannot be cured given that HBV is integrated in every cell. Methods To solve these 2 problems, we generated a novel transgenic mouse (HBV1.1X), which generates an excisable circular HBV genome using Cre/LoxP technology. This model possesses a HBV1.1-mer cassette knocked into the ROSA26 locus and is designed for stable expression of viral proteins from birth, like the current HBV transgenic mouse model, before genomic excision with the introduction of Cre recombinase. Results We demonstrated induction of recombinant cccDNA (rcccDNA) formation via viral or transgenic Cre expression in HBV1.1X mice, and the ability to regulate HBsAg and HBc expression with Cre in mice. Tamoxifen-inducible Cre could markedly downregulate baseline HBsAg levels from the integrated HBV genome. To demonstrate clearance of HBV from HBV1.1X mice, we administered adenovirus expressing Cre, which permanently and significantly reduced HBsAg and core antigen levels in the murine liver via rcccDNA excision and a subsequent immune response. Conclusions The HBV1.1X model is the first Cre-regulatable HBV transgenic mouse model and should be of value to mimic chronic HBV infection, with neonatal expression and tolerance of HBV antigens, and on-demand modulation of HBV expression. Lay summary Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can only naturally infect humans and chimpanzees. Mouse models have been developed with the HBV genome integrated into mouse chromosomes, but this prevents mice from being cured. We developed a new transgenic mouse model that allows for HBV to be excised from mouse chromosomes to form a recombinant circular DNA molecule resembling the natural circular HBV genome. HBV expression could be reduced in these mice, enabling curative therapies to be tested in this new mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Kruse
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mercedes Barzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Y.T. and Alice Chen Pediatric Genetics and Genomics Research Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xavier Legras
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Y.T. and Alice Chen Pediatric Genetics and Genomics Research Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Francis P Pankowicz
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nika Furey
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Y.T. and Alice Chen Pediatric Genetics and Genomics Research Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lan Liao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Janming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Beatrice Bissig-Choisat
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Y.T. and Alice Chen Pediatric Genetics and Genomics Research Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Betty L Slagle
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karl-Dimiter Bissig
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Y.T. and Alice Chen Pediatric Genetics and Genomics Research Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Duke Center for Virology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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8
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Tan JJ, Wang L, Mo TT, Dai YF, Lu J, Liu X, Chen HH, Tian WD, Li XP. Establishment of Immortalized Laryngeal Epithelial Cells Transfected with Bmi1. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720908198. [PMID: 32249592 PMCID: PMC7444206 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720908198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary laryngeal epithelial cells are essential to exploring the
mechanisms of laryngeal and voice disorders; however, they are
difficult to study and apply because of their limited life span. The
purpose of this study was to develop a stable and reliable in
vitro model for the comprehensive study of the
pathogenesis of laryngeal and voice diseases. The pLVTHM-Bmi1 plasmid
was constructed and used to immortalize primary laryngeal epithelial
cells by lentiviral infection. The expressions of Bmi1, human
telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), p53, and pRB pathway
proteins were detected by western blotting. Functional characteristics
of the immortalized cell lines were verified by cell senescence
β-galactosidase staining, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine cell proliferation
test, and flow cytometry. We successfully introduced Bmi into human
subglottic (hSG) cells and human ventricle (hV) cells. Both the human
immortalized subglottic Bmi1 (hSG-Bmi1) cell line and the human
immortalized ventricle Bmi1 (hV-Bmi1) cell line maintained normal
epithelial morphology and divided successfully after more than 20
culture passages. As Bmi1 was overexpressed in these cells, the
expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and
phosphorylated Rb increased while p16 and p21 decreased. Following
Bmi1-mediated immortalization, cell senescence decreased
significantly, and cell proliferation was accelerated. Tumor formation
was not observed for hSG, hV, or hSG-Bmi1, and hV-Bmi1 cells in nude
mice. hSG-Bmi1 cells dominated by stratified squamous epithelium and
hV-Bmi1 cells dominated by columnar cells were established. The new
cell lines lay a foundation for the study of the pathogenic mechanisms
of laryngeal and voice diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jie Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Both the authors are co-first authors and contributed equally to this article
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Both the authors are co-first authors and contributed equally to this article
| | - Ting-Ting Mo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Feng Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huai-Hong Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Dong Tian
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Ping Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Cotticelli MG, Forestieri R, Xia S, Joyasawal S, Lee T, Xu K, Smith III AB, Huryn DM, Wilson RB. Identification of a Novel Oleic Acid Analog with Protective Effects in Multiple Cellular Models of Friedreich Ataxia. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2535-2542. [PMID: 32786299 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder for which there is no cure or approved treatment. It is characterized by the loss or impaired activity of frataxin protein, which is involved in the biogenesis of iron-sulfur clusters. Our previous studies suggested that cell death in FRDA may involve ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death requiring lipid peroxidation. Based on reports that oleic acid acts as a ferroptosis inhibitor, we evaluated whether it, other fatty acids, and fatty acid derivatives could rescue viability in cellular models of FRDA. We identified a trifluoromethyl alcohol analog of oleic acid that was significantly more potent than oleic acid itself. Further evaluation indicated that the effects were stereoselective, although a specific molecular target has not yet been identified. This work provides a potential starting point for therapeutics to treat FRDA, as well as a valuable probe molecule to interrogate FRDA pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Grazia Cotticelli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- The Penn Medicine/CHOP Center of Excellence for Friedreich’s Ataxia Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Roberto Forestieri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Shujuan Xia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- The Penn Medicine/CHOP Center of Excellence for Friedreich’s Ataxia Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Sipak Joyasawal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Taehee Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- The Penn Medicine/CHOP Center of Excellence for Friedreich’s Ataxia Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kexin Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Amos B. Smith III
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Donna M. Huryn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Robert B. Wilson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- The Penn Medicine/CHOP Center of Excellence for Friedreich’s Ataxia Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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10
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Derivation and Characterization of Immortalized Human Muscle Satellite Cell Clones from Muscular Dystrophy Patients and Healthy Individuals. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081780. [PMID: 32722643 PMCID: PMC7465805 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients, absence of dystrophin causes muscle wasting by impacting both the myofiber integrity and the properties of muscle stem cells (MuSCs). Investigation of DMD encompasses the use of MuSCs issued from human skeletal muscle. However, DMD-derived MuSC usage is restricted by the limited number of divisions that human MuSCs can undertake in vitro before losing their myogenic characteristics and by the scarcity of human material available from DMD muscle. To overcome these limitations, immortalization of MuSCs appears as a strategy. Here, we used CDK4/hTERT expression in primary MuSCs and we derived MuSC clones from a series of clinically and genetically characterized patients, including eight DMD patients with various mutations, four congenital muscular dystrophies and three age-matched control muscles. Immortalized cultures were sorted into single cells and expanded as clones into homogeneous populations. Myogenic characteristics and differentiation potential were tested for each clone. Finally, we screened various promoters to identify the preferred gene regulatory unit that should be used to ensure stable expression in the human MuSC clones. The 38 clonal immortalized myogenic cell clones provide a large collection of controls and DMD clones with various genetic defects and are available to the academic community.
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11
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Smolina N, Khudiakov A, Knyazeva A, Zlotina A, Sukhareva K, Kondratov K, Gogvadze V, Zhivotovsky B, Sejersen T, Kostareva A. Desmin mutations result in mitochondrial dysfunction regardless of their aggregation properties. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165745. [PMID: 32105824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Desmin, being a major intermediate filament of muscle cells, contributes to stabilization and positioning of mitochondria. Desmin mutations have been reported in conjunction with skeletal myopathies accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction. Depending on the ability to promote intracellular aggregates formation, mutations can be considered aggregate-prone or non-aggregate-prone. The aim of the present study was to describe how expression of different desmin mutant isoforms effects mitochondria and contributes to the development of myocyte dysfunction. To achieve this goal, two non-aggregate-prone (Des S12F and Des A213V) and four aggregate-prone (Des L345P, Des A357P, Des L370P, Des D399Y) desmin mutations were expressed in skeletal muscle cells. We showed that all evaluated mutations affected the morphology of mitochondrial network, suppressed parameters of mitochondrial respiration, diminished mitochondrial membrane potential, increased ADP/ATP ratio, and enhanced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release. mtDNA was partially secreted through exosomes as demonstrated by GW4869 treatment. Dysfunction of mitochondria was observed regardless the type of mutation: aggregate-prone or non-aggregate-prone. However, expression of aggregate-prone mutations resulted in more prominent phenotype. Thus, in this comparative study of six pathogenic desmin mutations that cause skeletal myopathy development, we confirmed a role of mitochondrial dysfunction and mtDNA release in the pathogenesis of desmin myopathies, regardless of the aggregation capacity of the mutated desmin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Smolina
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | - Anna Zlotina
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kseniya Sukhareva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia; University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Kirill Kondratov
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Gogvadze
- Faculty of medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Faculty of medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Sejersen
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Kostareva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Mueller AL, Bloch RJ. Skeletal muscle cell transplantation: models and methods. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 41:297-311. [PMID: 31392564 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09550-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Xenografts of skeletal muscle are used to study muscle repair and regeneration, mechanisms of muscular dystrophies, and potential cell therapies for musculoskeletal disorders. Typically, xenografting involves using an immunodeficient host that is pre-injured to create a niche for human cell engraftment. Cell type and method of delivery to muscle depend on the specific application, but can include myoblasts, satellite cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesangioblasts, immortalized muscle precursor cells, and other multipotent cell lines delivered locally or systemically. Some studies follow cell engraftment with interventions to enhance cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation into mature muscle fibers. Recently, several advances in xenografting human-derived muscle cells have been applied to study and treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. Here, we review the vast array of techniques available to aid researchers in designing future experiments aimed at creating robust muscle xenografts in rodent hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Mueller
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Robert J Bloch
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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13
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Brand M, Nakka K, Zhu J, Dilworth FJ. Polycomb/Trithorax Antagonism: Cellular Memory in Stem Cell Fate and Function. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 24:518-533. [PMID: 30951661 PMCID: PMC6866673 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are continuously challenged with the decision to either self-renew or adopt a new fate. Self-renewal is regulated by a system of cellular memory, which must be bypassed for differentiation. Previous studies have identified Polycomb group (PcG) and Trithorax group (TrxG) proteins as key modulators of cellular memory. In this Perspective, we draw from embryonic and adult stem cell studies to discuss the complex roles played by PcG and TrxG in maintaining cell identity while allowing for microenvironment-mediated alterations in cell fate. Finally, we discuss the potential for targeting these proteins as a therapeutic approach in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Brand
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L6; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L6.
| | - Kiran Nakka
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L6; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L6
| | - Jiayu Zhu
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L6; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L6
| | - F Jeffrey Dilworth
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L6; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L6.
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14
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Abstract
The epithelial lining of the lung is often the first point of interaction between the host and inhaled pathogens, allergens and medications. Epithelial cells are therefore the main focus of studies which aim to shed light on host-pathogen interactions, to dissect the mechanisms of local host immunity and study toxicology. If these studies are not to be conducted exclusively
in vivo, it is imperative that
in vitro models are developed with a high
in vitro-
in vivo correlation. We describe here a co-culture model of the bovine alveolus, designed to overcome some of the limitations encountered with mono-culture and live animal models. Our system includes bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (BPAECs) seeded onto a permeable membrane in 24 well Transwell format. The BPAECs are overlaid with immortalised bovine alveolar type II epithelial cells and cultured at air-liquid interface for 14 days before use; in our case to study host-mycobacterial interactions. Characterisation of novel cell lines and the co-culture model have provided compelling evidence that immortalised bovine alveolar type II cells are an authentic substitute for primary alveolar type II cells and their co-culture with BPAECs provides a physiologically relevant
in vitro model of the bovine alveolus. The co-culture model may be used to study dynamic intracellular and extracellular host-pathogen interactions, using proteomics, genomics, live cell imaging, in-cell ELISA and confocal microscopy. The model presented in this article enables other researchers to establish an
in vitro model of the bovine alveolus that is easy to set up, malleable and serves as a comparable alternative to
in vivo models, whilst allowing study of early host-pathogen interactions, currently not feasible
in vivo. The model therefore achieves one of the 3Rs objectives in that it replaces the use of animals in research of bovine respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Lee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7AL, UK
| | - Mark Chambers
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7AL, UK
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15
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Tamò L, Hibaoui Y, Kallol S, Alves MP, Albrecht C, Hostettler KE, Feki A, Rougier JS, Abriel H, Knudsen L, Gazdhar A, Geiser T. Generation of an alveolar epithelial type II cell line from induced pluripotent stem cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L921-L932. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00357.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of primary alveolar type II epithelial cells (AEC II) to AEC type I in culture is a major barrier in the study of the alveolar epithelium in vitro. The establishment of an AEC II cell line derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) represents a novel opportunity to study alveolar epithelial cell biology, for instance, in the context of lung injury, fibrosis, and repair. In the present study, we generated long-lasting AEC II from iPSC (LL-iPSC-AEC II). LL-iPSC-AEC II displayed morphological characteristics of AEC II, including growth in a cobblestone monolayer, the presence of lamellar bodies, and microvilli, as shown by electron microscopy. Also, LL-iPSC-AEC II expressed AEC type II proteins, such as cytokeratin, surfactant protein C, and LysoTracker DND 26 (a marker for lamellar bodies). Furthermore, the LL-iPSC-AEC II exhibited functional properties of AEC II by an increase of transepithelial electrical resistance over time, secretion of inflammatory mediators in biologically relevant quantities (IL-6 and IL-8), and efficient in vitro alveolar epithelial wound repair. Consistent with the AEC II phenotype, the cell line showed the ability to uptake and release surfactant protein B, to secrete phospholipids, and to differentiate into AEC type I. In summary, we established a long-lasting, but finite AEC type II cell line derived from iPSC as a novel cellular model to study alveolar epithelial cell biology in lung health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Tamò
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Youssef Hibaoui
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sampada Kallol
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marco P. Alves
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Albrecht
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, National Centre of Competence in Research TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katrin E. Hostettler
- Clinics of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anis Feki
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Cantonal Hospital Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Hugues Abriel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, National Centre of Competence in Research TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lars Knudsen
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amiq Gazdhar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Geiser
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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16
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Lipps C, Klein F, Wahlicht T, Seiffert V, Butueva M, Zauers J, Truschel T, Luckner M, Köster M, MacLeod R, Pezoldt J, Hühn J, Yuan Q, Müller PP, Kempf H, Zweigerdt R, Dittrich-Breiholz O, Pufe T, Beckmann R, Drescher W, Riancho J, Sañudo C, Korff T, Opalka B, Rebmann V, Göthert JR, Alves PM, Ott M, Schucht R, Hauser H, Wirth D, May T. Expansion of functional personalized cells with specific transgene combinations. Nat Commun 2018. [PMID: 29520052 PMCID: PMC5843645 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamental research and drug development for personalized medicine necessitates cell cultures from defined genetic backgrounds. However, providing sufficient numbers of authentic cells from individuals poses a challenge. Here, we present a new strategy for rapid cell expansion that overcomes current limitations. Using a small gene library, we expanded primary cells from different tissues, donors, and species. Cell-type-specific regimens that allow the reproducible creation of cell lines were identified. In depth characterization of a series of endothelial and hepatocytic cell lines confirmed phenotypic stability and functionality. Applying this technology enables rapid, efficient, and reliable production of unlimited numbers of personalized cells. As such, these cell systems support mechanistic studies, epidemiological research, and tailored drug development. Personalised medicine requires cell cultures from defined genetic backgrounds, but providing sufficient numbers of cells is a challenge. Here the authors develop gene cocktails to expand primary cells from a variety of different tissues and species, and show that expanded endothelial and hepatic cells retain properties of the differentiated phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Lipps
- Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Experimental Cardiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Franziska Klein
- Department of Gene Regulation and Differentiation, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tom Wahlicht
- Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Virginia Seiffert
- Department of Gene Regulation and Differentiation, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Milada Butueva
- Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Luckner
- InSCREENeX GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mario Köster
- Department of Gene Regulation and Differentiation, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roderick MacLeod
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jörn Pezoldt
- Experimental Immunology, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jochen Hühn
- Experimental Immunology, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Qinggong Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Translational Research Group Cell and Gene Therapy, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Paul Müller
- Department of Gene Regulation and Differentiation, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Henning Kempf
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, MHH, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, MHH, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Beckmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolf Drescher
- Department of Orthopaedics, Aachen University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Lower Limb and Arthroplasty, Rummelsberg Hospital, Schwarzenbruck, 90592, Germany
| | - Jose Riancho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital U.M. Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - Carolina Sañudo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital U.M. Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - Thomas Korff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, RG Blood Vessel Remodeling, University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bertram Opalka
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Vera Rebmann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstr. 179, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim R Göthert
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Paula M Alves
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnologica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, 2781-901, Portugal
| | - Michael Ott
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Translational Research Group Cell and Gene Therapy, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roland Schucht
- InSCREENeX GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Hauser
- Department of Gene Regulation and Differentiation, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wirth
- Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany. .,Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Tobias May
- InSCREENeX GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
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17
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Benedetti S, Uno N, Hoshiya H, Ragazzi M, Ferrari G, Kazuki Y, Moyle LA, Tonlorenzi R, Lombardo A, Chaouch S, Mouly V, Moore M, Popplewell L, Kazuki K, Katoh M, Naldini L, Dickson G, Messina G, Oshimura M, Cossu G, Tedesco FS. Reversible immortalisation enables genetic correction of human muscle progenitors and engineering of next-generation human artificial chromosomes for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 10:254-275. [PMID: 29242210 PMCID: PMC5801502 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201607284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transferring large or multiple genes into primary human stem/progenitor cells is challenged by restrictions in vector capacity, and this hurdle limits the success of gene therapy. A paradigm is Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an incurable disorder caused by mutations in the largest human gene: dystrophin. The combination of large-capacity vectors, such as human artificial chromosomes (HACs), with stem/progenitor cells may overcome this limitation. We previously reported amelioration of the dystrophic phenotype in mice transplanted with murine muscle progenitors containing a HAC with the entire dystrophin locus (DYS-HAC). However, translation of this strategy to human muscle progenitors requires extension of their proliferative potential to withstand clonal cell expansion after HAC transfer. Here, we show that reversible cell immortalisation mediated by lentivirally delivered excisable hTERT and Bmi1 transgenes extended cell proliferation, enabling transfer of a novel DYS-HAC into DMD satellite cell-derived myoblasts and perivascular cell-derived mesoangioblasts. Genetically corrected cells maintained a stable karyotype, did not undergo tumorigenic transformation and retained their migration ability. Cells remained myogenic in vitro (spontaneously or upon MyoD induction) and engrafted murine skeletal muscle upon transplantation. Finally, we combined the aforementioned functions into a next-generation HAC capable of delivering reversible immortalisation, complete genetic correction, additional dystrophin expression, inducible differentiation and controllable cell death. This work establishes a novel platform for complex gene transfer into clinically relevant human muscle progenitors for DMD gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Benedetti
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Narumi Uno
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hoshiya
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martina Ragazzi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giulia Ferrari
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Louise Anne Moyle
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rossana Tonlorenzi
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Lombardo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Soraya Chaouch
- AIM/AFM Center for Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Mouly
- AIM/AFM Center for Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Paris, France
| | - Marc Moore
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway-University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Linda Popplewell
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway-University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Kanako Kazuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Motonobu Katoh
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Luigi Naldini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - George Dickson
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway-University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Giulio Cossu
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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18
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Henssen AG, Jiang E, Zhuang J, Pinello L, Socci ND, Koche R, Gonen M, Villasante CM, Armstrong SA, Bauer DE, Weng Z, Kentsis A. Forward genetic screen of human transposase genomic rearrangements. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:548. [PMID: 27491780 PMCID: PMC4973553 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2877-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous human genes encode potentially active DNA transposases or recombinases, but our understanding of their functions remains limited due to shortage of methods to profile their activities on endogenous genomic substrates. RESULTS To enable functional analysis of human transposase-derived genes, we combined forward chemical genetic hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT1) screening with massively parallel paired-end DNA sequencing and structural variant genome assembly and analysis. Here, we report the HPRT1 mutational spectrum induced by the human transposase PGBD5, including PGBD5-specific signal sequences (PSS) that serve as potential genomic rearrangement substrates. CONCLUSIONS The discovered PSS motifs and high-throughput forward chemical genomic screening approach should prove useful for the elucidation of endogenous genome remodeling activities of PGBD5 and other domesticated human DNA transposases and recombinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton G. Henssen
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Eileen Jiang
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Jiali Zhuang
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Luca Pinello
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Nicholas D. Socci
- Bioinformatics Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Richard Koche
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Mithat Gonen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Camila M. Villasante
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Scott A. Armstrong
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Daniel E. Bauer
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Alex Kentsis
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY USA
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19
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Maggio I, Stefanucci L, Janssen JM, Liu J, Chen X, Mouly V, Gonçalves MAFV. Selection-free gene repair after adenoviral vector transduction of designer nucleases: rescue of dystrophin synthesis in DMD muscle cell populations. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:1449-70. [PMID: 26762977 PMCID: PMC4756843 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal X-linked muscle-wasting disorder caused by mutations in the 2.4 Mb dystrophin-encoding DMD gene. The integration of gene delivery and gene editing technologies based on viral vectors and sequence-specific designer nucleases, respectively, constitutes a potential therapeutic modality for permanently repairing defective DMD alleles in patient-derived myogenic cells. Therefore, we sought to investigate the feasibility of combining adenoviral vectors (AdVs) with CRISPR/Cas9 RNA-guided nucleases (RGNs) alone or together with transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), for endogenous DMD repair through non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). The strategies tested involved; incorporating small insertions or deletions at out-of-frame sequences for reading frame resetting, splice acceptor knockout for DNA-level exon skipping, and RGN-RGN or RGN-TALEN multiplexing for targeted exon(s) removal. We demonstrate that genome editing based on the activation and recruitment of the NHEJ DNA repair pathway after AdV delivery of designer nuclease genes, is a versatile and robust approach for repairing DMD mutations in bulk populations of patient-derived muscle progenitor cells (up to 37% of corrected DMD templates). These results open up a DNA-level genetic medicine strategy in which viral vector-mediated transient designer nuclease expression leads to permanent and regulated dystrophin synthesis from corrected native DMD alleles.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Alleles
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Western
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Cell Line
- DNA End-Joining Repair
- Dystrophin/genetics
- Dystrophin/metabolism
- Endonucleases/genetics
- Endonucleases/metabolism
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- HEK293 Cells
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/therapy
- Mutation
- Myoblasts/metabolism
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/metabolism
- Transduction, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Maggio
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Stefanucci
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands Facoltà di Scienze Matematiche Fisiche e Naturali, Universitá di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Josephine M Janssen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Center for Research in Myology, UMRS 974 UPMC-INSERM, FRE 3617 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Manuel A F V Gonçalves
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
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20
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Cotticelli MG, Acquaviva F, Xia S, Kaur A, Wang Y, Wilson RB. Phenotypic Screening for Friedreich Ataxia Using Random shRNA Selection. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR SCREENING 2015; 20:1084-90. [PMID: 26286937 DOI: 10.1177/1087057115600433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive neuro- and cardio-degenerative disorder for which there are no proven effective treatments. FRDA is caused by decreased expression and/or function of the protein frataxin. Frataxin chaperones iron in the mitochondrial matrix and regulates the iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) assembly complex. ISCs are prosthetic groups critical for the function of the Krebs cycle and the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Decreased expression of frataxin is associated with decreased ISC assembly, mitochondrial iron accumulation, and increased oxidative stress, all of which contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction. In media with beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) as carbon source, primary FRDA fibroblasts grow poorly and/or lose viability over several days. We screened a random, short-hairpin-RNA (shRNA)-expressing library in primary FRDA fibroblasts and identified two shRNAs that reverse the growth/viability defect in BHB media. One of these two clones increases frataxin expression in primary FRDA fibroblasts, either as a vector-expressed shRNA or as a transfected short-interfering RNA (siRNA).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grazia Cotticelli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA The Penn Medicine/CHOP Center of Excellence for Friedreich's Ataxia Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fabio Acquaviva
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Shujuan Xia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Avinash Kaur
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA The Penn Medicine/CHOP Center of Excellence for Friedreich's Ataxia Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yongping Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert B Wilson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA The Penn Medicine/CHOP Center of Excellence for Friedreich's Ataxia Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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21
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Henssen AG, Henaff E, Jiang E, Eisenberg AR, Carson JR, Villasante CM, Ray M, Still E, Burns M, Gandara J, Feschotte C, Mason CE, Kentsis A. Genomic DNA transposition induced by human PGBD5. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26406119 PMCID: PMC4625184 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transposons are mobile genetic elements that are found in nearly all organisms, including humans. Mobilization of DNA transposons by transposase enzymes can cause genomic rearrangements, but our knowledge of human genes derived from transposases is limited. In this study, we find that the protein encoded by human PGBD5, the most evolutionarily conserved transposable element-derived gene in vertebrates, can induce stereotypical cut-and-paste DNA transposition in human cells. Genomic integration activity of PGBD5 requires distinct aspartic acid residues in its transposase domain, and specific DNA sequences containing inverted terminal repeats with similarity to piggyBac transposons. DNA transposition catalyzed by PGBD5 in human cells occurs genome-wide, with precise transposon excision and preference for insertion at TTAA sites. The apparent conservation of DNA transposition activity by PGBD5 suggests that genomic remodeling contributes to its biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton G Henssen
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Elizabeth Henaff
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
| | - Eileen Jiang
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Amy R Eisenberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Julianne R Carson
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Camila M Villasante
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Mondira Ray
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Eric Still
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Melissa Burns
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Jorge Gandara
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
| | - Cedric Feschotte
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
| | - Alex Kentsis
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kaettering Cancer Center, New York, United States.,Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, United States
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22
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Verbeke S, Richard E, Monceau E, Schmidt X, Rousseau B, Velasco V, Bernard D, Bonnefoi H, MacGrogan G, Iggo RD. Humanization of the mouse mammary gland by replacement of the luminal layer with genetically engineered preneoplastic human cells. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:504. [PMID: 25527189 PMCID: PMC4407301 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0504-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The cell of origin for estrogen receptor α (ERα) positive breast cancer is
probably a luminal stem cell in the terminal duct lobular units. To model these
cells we have used the murine myoepithelial layer in the mouse mammary ducts as a
scaffold upon which to build a human luminal layer. To prevent squamous
metaplasia, a common artifact in genetically engineered breast cancer models, we
sought to limit activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) during
in vitro cell culture before grafting the
cells. Methods Human reduction mammoplasty cells were grown in
vitro in WIT medium. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the medium was
replaced with amphiregulin and neuregulin to decrease activation of EGFR and
increase activation of EGFR homologs 3 and 4 (ERBB3 and ERBB4). Lentiviral vectors
were used to express oncogenic transgenes and fluorescent proteins. Human mammary
epithelial cells were mixed with irradiated mouse fibroblasts and matrigel, then
injected through the nipple into the mammary ducts of immunodeficient mice.
Engrafted cells were visualized by stereomicroscopy for fluorescent proteins and
characterized by histology and immunohistochemistry. Results Growth of normal mammary epithelial cells in conditions favoring ERBB3/4
signaling prevented squamous metaplasia in
vitro. Normal human cells were quickly lost after intraductal
injection but cells infected with lentiviruses expressing CCND1, MYC, TERT, BMI1 and a
short hairpin RNA targeting TP53 were able to
engraft and progressively replace the luminal layer in the mouse mammary ducts,
resulting in the formation of an extensive network of humanized ducts. Despite
expressing multiple oncogenes, the human cells formed a morphologically normal
luminal layer. Expression of a single additional oncogene, PIK3CA-H1047R, converted the
cells into invasive cancer cells. The resulting tumors were ERα+, Ki67+ luminal B
adenocarcinomas that were resistant to treatment with fulvestrant. Conclusions Injection of preneoplastic human mammary epithelial cells into the mammary
ducts of immunodeficient mice leads to replacement of the murine luminal layer
with morphologically normal human cells. Genetic manipulation of the injected
cells makes it possible to study defined steps in the transformation of human
mammary epithelial cells in a more physiological environment than has hitherto
been possible. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-014-0504-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized
users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Verbeke
- INSERM U916, Bergonié Cancer Institute, University of Bordeaux, 229 cours de l'Argonne, Bordeaux, 33076, France.
| | - Elodie Richard
- INSERM U916, Bergonié Cancer Institute, University of Bordeaux, 229 cours de l'Argonne, Bordeaux, 33076, France.
| | - Elodie Monceau
- INSERM U916, Bergonié Cancer Institute, University of Bordeaux, 229 cours de l'Argonne, Bordeaux, 33076, France.
| | - Xenia Schmidt
- INSERM U916, Bergonié Cancer Institute, University of Bordeaux, 229 cours de l'Argonne, Bordeaux, 33076, France. .,School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Medical and Biological Sciences Building, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK.
| | - Benoit Rousseau
- Animalerie A2, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Valerie Velasco
- INSERM U916, Bergonié Cancer Institute, University of Bordeaux, 229 cours de l'Argonne, Bordeaux, 33076, France. .,Pathology Department, Bergonié Cancer Institute, 229 cours de l'Argonne, 33076, Bordeaux, France.
| | - David Bernard
- INSERM U1052, Centre Leon Berard, University of Lyon, 28 rue Laennec, 69008, Lyon, France.
| | - Herve Bonnefoi
- INSERM U916, Bergonié Cancer Institute, University of Bordeaux, 229 cours de l'Argonne, Bordeaux, 33076, France.
| | - Gaetan MacGrogan
- INSERM U916, Bergonié Cancer Institute, University of Bordeaux, 229 cours de l'Argonne, Bordeaux, 33076, France. .,Pathology Department, Bergonié Cancer Institute, 229 cours de l'Argonne, 33076, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Richard D Iggo
- INSERM U916, Bergonié Cancer Institute, University of Bordeaux, 229 cours de l'Argonne, Bordeaux, 33076, France. .,School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Medical and Biological Sciences Building, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK.
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23
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Holkers M, Maggio I, Henriques SFD, Janssen JM, Cathomen T, Gonçalves MAFV. Adenoviral vector DNA for accurate genome editing with engineered nucleases. Nat Methods 2014; 11:1051-7. [PMID: 25152084 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Engineered sequence-specific nucleases and donor DNA templates can be customized to edit mammalian genomes via the homologous recombination (HR) pathway. Here we report that the nature of the donor DNA greatly affects the specificity and accuracy of the editing process following site-specific genomic cleavage by transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 nucleases. By applying these designer nucleases together with donor DNA delivered as protein-capped adenoviral vector (AdV), free-ended integrase-defective lentiviral vector or nonviral vector templates, we found that the vast majority of AdV-modified human cells underwent scarless homology-directed genome editing. In contrast, a significant proportion of cells exposed to free-ended or to covalently closed HR substrates were subjected to random and illegitimate recombination events. These findings are particularly relevant for genome engineering approaches aiming at high-fidelity genetic modification of human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Holkers
- 1] Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands. [2]
| | - Ignazio Maggio
- 1] Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands. [2]
| | - Sara F D Henriques
- 1] Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands. [2] Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Josephine M Janssen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Toni Cathomen
- 1] Institute for Cell and Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. [2] Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manuel A F V Gonçalves
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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24
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Development of a lentivirus vector-based assay for non-destructive monitoring of cell fusion activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102433. [PMID: 25028973 PMCID: PMC4100873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell fusion can be quantified by endowing acceptor and donor cells with latent reporter genes/proteins and activators of these genes/proteins, respectively. One way to accomplish this goal is by using a bipartite lentivirus vector (LV)-based cell fusion assay system in which the cellular fusion partners are transduced with a flippase-activatable Photinus pyralis luciferase (PpLuc) expression unit (acceptor cells) or with a recombinant gene encoding FLPeNLS+, a nuclear-targeted and molecularly evolved version of flippase (donor cells). Fusion of both cell populations will lead to the FLPe-dependent generation of a functional PpLuc gene. PpLuc activity is typically measured in cell lysates, precluding consecutive analysis of one cell culture. Therefore, in this study the PpLuc-coding sequence was replaced by that of Gaussia princeps luciferase (GpLuc), a secretory protein allowing repeated analysis of the same cell culture. In myotubes the spread of FLPeNLS+ may be limited due to its nuclear localization signal (NLS) causing low signal outputs. To test this hypothesis, myoblasts were transduced with LVs encoding either FLPeNLS+ or an NLS-less version of FLPe (FLPeNLS−) and subsequently co-cultured in different ratios with myoblasts containing the FLPe-activatable GpLuc expression cassette. At different times after induction of cell-to-cell fusion the GpLuc activity in the culture medium was determined. FLPeNLS+ and FLPeNLS− both activated the latent GpLuc gene but when the percentage of FLPe-expressing myoblasts was limiting, FLPeNLS+ generally yielded slightly higher signals than FLPeNLS− while at low acceptor-to-donor cell ratios FLPeNLS− was usually superior. The ability of FLPeNLS+ to spread through myofibers and to induce reporter gene expression is thus not limited by its NLS. However, at high FLPe concentrations the presence of the NLS negatively affected reporter gene expression. In summary, a rapid and simple chemiluminescence assay for quantifying cell-to-cell fusion progression based on GpLuc has been developed.
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25
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Maggio I, Holkers M, Liu J, Janssen JM, Chen X, Gonçalves MAFV. Adenoviral vector delivery of RNA-guided CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease complexes induces targeted mutagenesis in a diverse array of human cells. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5105. [PMID: 24870050 PMCID: PMC4037712 DOI: 10.1038/srep05105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9-derived RNA-guided nucleases (RGNs) are DNA targeting systems, which are rapidly being harnessed for gene regulation and gene editing purposes in model organisms and cell lines. As bona fide gene delivery vehicles, viral vectors may be particularly fit to broaden the applicability of RGNs to other cell types including dividing and quiescent primary cells. Here, the suitability of adenoviral vectors (AdVs) for delivering RGN components into various cell types is investigated. We demonstrate that AdVs, namely second-generation fiber-modified AdVs encoding Cas9 or single guide RNA (gRNA) molecules addressing the Cas9 nuclease to the AAVS1 "safe harbor" locus or to a recombinant model allele can be produced to high-titers (up to 20 × 10(10) transducing units/ml). Importantly, AdV-mediated transduction of gRNA:Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes into transformed and non-transformed cells yields rates of targeted mutagenesis similar to or approaching those achieved by isogenic AdVs encoding TALENs targeting the same AAVS1 chromosomal region. RGN-induced gene disruption frequencies in the various cell types ranged from 18% to 65%. We conclude that AdVs constitute a valuable platform for introducing RGNs into human somatic cells regardless of their transformation status. This approach should aid investigating the potential and limitations of RGNs in numerous experimental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Maggio
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Maarten Holkers
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Josephine M. Janssen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel A. F. V. Gonçalves
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
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26
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Pelascini LPL, Maggio I, Liu J, Holkers M, Cathomen T, Gonçalves MAFV. Histone deacetylase inhibition rescues gene knockout levels achieved with integrase-defective lentiviral vectors encoding zinc-finger nucleases. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2013; 24:399-411. [PMID: 24059449 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2013.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) work as dimers to induce double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) at predefined chromosomal positions. In doing so, they constitute powerful triggers to edit and to interrogate the function of genomic sequences in higher eukaryotes. A preferred route to introduce ZFNs into somatic cells relies on their cotransduction with two integrase-defective lentiviral vectors (IDLVs) each encoding a monomer of a functional heterodimeric pair. The episomal nature of IDLVs diminishes the risk of genotoxicity and ensures the strict transient expression profile necessary to minimize deleterious effects associated with long-term ZFN activity. However, by deploying IDLVs and conventional lentiviral vectors encoding HPRT1- or eGFP-specific ZFNs, we report that DSB formation at target alleles is limited after IDLV-mediated ZFN transfer. This IDLV-specific underperformance stems, to a great extent, from the activity of chromatin-remodeling histone deacetylases (HDACs). Importantly, the prototypic and U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved inhibitors of metal-dependent HDACs, trichostatin A and vorinostat, respectively, did not hinder illegitimate recombination-mediated repair of targeted chromosomal DSBs. This allowed rescuing IDLV-mediated site-directed mutagenesis to levels approaching those achieved by using their isogenic chromosomally integrating counterparts. Hence, HDAC inhibition constitutes an efficacious expedient to incorporate in genome-editing strategies based on transient IDLV-mediated ZFN expression. Finally, we compared two of the most commonly used readout systems to measure targeted gene knockout activities based on restriction and mismatch-sensitive endonucleases. These experiments indicate that these enzymatic assays display a similar performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia P L Pelascini
- 1 Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
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27
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Janssen JM, Liu J, Skokan J, Gonçalves MAFV, de Vries AAF. Development of an AdEasy-based system to produce first- and second-generation adenoviral vectors with tropism for CAR- or CD46-positive cells. J Gene Med 2013; 15:1-11. [PMID: 23225636 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The AdEasy system has acquired preeminence amongst the various methods for producing first-generation, early region 1 (E1)-deleted human adenovirus (HAdV) vectors (AdVs) as a result of the fast and reproducible recovery of full-length AdV genomes via homologous recombination in Escherichia coli. METHODS From the classical AdEasy system, a new production platform was derived to assemble first- and second-generation [i.e. E1- plus early region 2A (E2A)-deleted] AdVs displaying on their surface HAdV serotype 5 (HAdV5) fibers (F5) or chimeric fibers (F5/50) comprising the tail of F5 and the fiber shaft and knob of HAdV serotype 50 (HAdV50). The CD46-interacting chimeric fibers allow for the high-level transduction of various human primary cell types of clinical interest with low or no surface expression of the Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor. RESULTS A new set of pAdEasy plasmid 'backbones' with or without E2A and encoding F5 or F5/50 was constructed and recombined in E. coli strain BJ5183 with a 'shuttle' plasmid coding for β-galactosidase. The resulting clones yielded AdV preparations with similar high titers following their rescue and propagation in producer cells. The AdVs with F5/50 were superior to those carrying F5 with respect to transducing human skeletal myocytes and mesenchymal stem cells. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, an AdEasy system tailored for the production of not only first-, but also second-generation AdVs equipped with the receptor-interacting fiber domains of the prototypic species C HAdV5 or of the species B member HAdV50 is presented. This system expands the range of applications for this robust and versatile AdV production platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine M Janssen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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28
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Jin TB, Zhang JY, Li G, Du SL, Geng TT, Gao J, Liu QP, Gao GD, Kang LL, Chen C, Li SQ. RTEL1 and TERT polymorphisms are associated with astrocytoma risk in the Chinese Han population. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:3659-66. [PMID: 23812731 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0947-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Common variants of multiple genes play a role in glioma onset. However, research related to astrocytoma, the most common primary brain neoplasm, is rare. In this study, we chose 21 tagging SNPs (tSNPs), previously reported to be associated with glioma risk in a Chinese case-control study from Xi'an, China, and identified their contributions to astrocytoma susceptibility. We found an association with astrocytoma susceptibility for two tSNPs (rs6010620 and rs2853676) in two different genes: regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 (RTEL1) and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), respectively. We confirmed our results using recessive, dominant, and additive models. In the recessive model, we found two tSNPs (rs2297440 and rs6010620) associated with increased astrocytoma risk. In the dominant model, we found that rs2853676 was associated with increased astrocytoma risk. In the additive model, all three tSNPs (rs2297440, rs2853676, and rs6010620) were associated with increased astrocytoma risk. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, the potential roles of RTEL1 and TERT in astrocytoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Bo Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
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29
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Kang S, Lu K, Leelawattanachai J, Hu X, Park S, Park T, Min IM, Jin MM. Virus-mimetic polyplex particles for systemic and inflammation-specific targeted delivery of large genetic contents. Gene Ther 2013; 20:1042-52. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2013.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Abstract
Even now, most human cell lines used in research are derived from tumor cells. They are still widely used because they grow well in vitro and so far have helped answering several basic biological questions. However, as modern biology moves into more sophisticated areas, scientists now need human cell lines closer to normal primary cells and further from transformed cancerous cells. The recent identification of cellular genes involved in cell cycling and senescence, together with the development of molecular tools capable of cleanly integrating transgenes into the genome of target cells, have moved the frontier of genetic engineering. In this chapter, we present a detailed hands-on protocol, based on lentivirus-derived vectors and a combination of two native cellular genes that has proven very efficient in generating immortal cell lines from several human primary cells, while preserving most of their original properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Salmon
- Department of Neurosciences, Geneva School of Medicine (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland.
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31
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Holkers M, Maggio I, Liu J, Janssen JM, Miselli F, Mussolino C, Recchia A, Cathomen T, Gonçalves MAFV. Differential integrity of TALE nuclease genes following adenoviral and lentiviral vector gene transfer into human cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 41:e63. [PMID: 23275534 PMCID: PMC3597656 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks1446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The array of genome editing strategies based on targeted double-stranded DNA break formation have recently been enriched through the introduction of transcription activator-like type III effector (TALE) nucleases (TALENs). To advance the testing of TALE-based approaches, it will be crucial to deliver these custom-designed proteins not only into transformed cell types but also into more relevant, chromosomally stable, primary cells. Viral vectors are among the most effective gene transfer vehicles. Here, we investigated the capacity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1- and adenovirus-based vectors to package and deliver functional TALEN genes into various human cell types. To this end, we attempted to assemble particles of these two vector classes, each encoding a monomer of a TALEN pair targeted to a bipartite sequence within the AAVS1 ‘safe harbor’ locus. Vector DNA analyses revealed that adenoviral vectors transferred intact TALEN genes, whereas lentiviral vectors failed to do so, as shown by their heterogeneously sized proviruses in target cells. Importantly, adenoviral vector-mediated TALEN gene delivery resulted in site-specific double-stranded DNA break formation at the intended AAVS1 target site at similarly high levels in both transformed and non-transformed cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate that adenoviral, but not lentiviral, vectors constitute a valuable TALEN gene delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Holkers
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Eithovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
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32
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Pelascini LPL, Janssen JM, Gonçalves MAFV. Histone deacetylase inhibition activates transgene expression from integration-defective lentiviral vectors in dividing and non-dividing cells. Hum Gene Ther 2012; 24:78-96. [PMID: 23140481 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2012.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integration-defective lentiviral vectors (IDLVs) are being increasingly deployed in both basic and preclinical gene transfer settings. Often, however, the IDLV transgene expression profile is muted when compared to that of their integration-proficient counterparts. We hypothesized that the episomal nature of IDLVs turns them into preferential targets for epigenetic silencing involving chromatin-remodeling histone deacetylation. Therefore, vectors carrying an array of cis-acting elements and transcriptional unit components were assembled with the aid of packaging constructs encoding either the wild-type or the class I mutant D116N integrase moieties. The transduction levels and transgene-product yields provided by each vector class were assessed in the presence and absence of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors sodium butyrate and trichostatin A. To investigate the role of the target cell replication status, we performed experiments in growth-arrested human mesenchymal stem cells and in post-mitotic syncytial myotubes. We found that IDLVs are acutely affected by HDACs regardless of their genetic makeup or target cell replication rate. Interestingly, the magnitude of IDLV transgene expression rescue due to HDAC inhibition varied in a vector backbone- and cell type-dependent manner. Finally, investigation of histone modifications by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) revealed a paucity of euchromatin marks distributed along IDLV genomes when compared to those measured on isogenic integration-competent vector templates. These findings support the view that IDLVs constitute preferential targets for epigenetic silencing involving histone deacetylation, which contributes to dampening their full transcriptional potential. Our data provide leads on how to most optimally titrate and deploy these promising episomal gene delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia P L Pelascini
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
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33
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Tátrai P, Szepesi Á, Matula Z, Szigeti A, Buchan G, Mádi A, Uher F, Német K. Combined introduction of Bmi-1 and hTERT immortalizes human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells with low risk of transformation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 422:28-35. [PMID: 22554522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs) are increasingly being studied for their usefulness in regenerative medicine. However, limited life span and donor-dependent variation of primary cells such as ASCs present major hurdles to controlled and reproducible experiments. We therefore aimed to establish immortalized ASC cell lines that provide steady supply of homogeneous cells for in vitro work while retain essential features of primary cells. To this end, combinations of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), murine Bmi-1, and SV40 large T antigen (SV40T) were introduced by lentiviral transduction into ASCs. The resulting cell lines ASC(hTERT), ASC(Bmi-1), ASC(Bmi-1+hTERT) and ASC(SV40T+hTERT) were tested for transgene expression, telomerase activity, surface immunomarkers, proliferation, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, karyotype, tumorigenicity, and cellular senescence. All cell lines have maintained expression of characteristic surface immunomarkers, and none was tumorigenic. However, ASC(Bmi-1) had limited replicative potential, while the rapidly proliferating ASC(SV40T+hTERT) acquired chromosomal aberrations, departed from MSC phenotype, and lost differentiation capacity. ASC(hTERT) and ASC(hTERT+Bmi-1), on the other hand, preserved all essential MSC features and did not senesce after 100 population doublings. Notably, a subpopulation of ASC(hTERT) also acquired aberrant karyotype and showed signs of transformation after long-term culture. In conclusion, hTERT alone was sufficient to extend the life span of human ASC, but ASC(hTERT) are prone to transformation during extensive subculturing. The combination of Bmi-1 and hTERT successfully immortalized human ASCs without significantly perturbing their phenotype or biological behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Tátrai
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Karolina út 29, H-1113 Budapest, Hungary.
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Sato M, Shin-ya K, Lee JI, Ishihara M, Nagai T, Kaneshiro N, Mitani G, Tahara H, Mochida J. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase and glucose-regulated protein 78 increase the life span of articular chondrocytes and their repair potential. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2012; 13:51. [PMID: 22472071 PMCID: PMC3349494 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-13-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Like all mammalian cells, normal adult chondrocytes have a limited replicative life span, which decreases with age. To facilitate the therapeutic use of chondrocytes from older donors, a method is needed to prolong their life span. Methods We transfected chondrocytes with hTERT or GRP78 and cultured them in a 3-dimensional atelocollagen honeycomb-shaped scaffold with a membrane seal. Then, we measured the amount of nuclear DNA and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and the expression level of type II collagen as markers of cell proliferation and extracellular matrix formation, respectively, in these cultures. In addition, we allografted this tissue-engineered cartilage into osteochondral defects in old rabbits to assess their repair activity in vivo. Results Our results showed different degrees of differentiation in terms of GAG content between chondrocytes from old and young rabbits. Chondrocytes that were cotransfected with hTERT and GRP78 showed higher cellular proliferation and expression of type II collagen than those of nontransfected chondrocytes, regardless of the age of the cartilage donor. In addition, the in vitro growth rates of hTERT- or GRP78-transfected chondrocytes were higher than those of nontransfected chondrocytes, regardless of donor age. In vivo, the tissue-engineered cartilage implants exhibited strong repairing activity, maintained a chondrocyte-specific phenotype, and produced extracellular matrix components. Conclusions Focal gene delivery to aged articular chondrocytes exhibited strong repairing activity and may be therapeutically useful for articular cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Sato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Valenta T, Gay M, Steiner S, Draganova K, Zemke M, Hoffmans R, Cinelli P, Aguet M, Sommer L, Basler K. Probing transcription-specific outputs of β-catenin in vivo. Genes Dev 2012; 25:2631-43. [PMID: 22190459 DOI: 10.1101/gad.181289.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
β-Catenin, apart from playing a cell-adhesive role, is a key nuclear effector of Wnt signaling. Based on activity assays in Drosophila, we generated mouse strains where the endogenous β-catenin protein is replaced by mutant forms, which retain the cell adhesion function but lack either or both of the N- and the C-terminal transcriptional outputs. The C-terminal activity is essential for mesoderm formation and proper gastrulation, whereas N-terminal outputs are required later during embryonic development. By combining the double-mutant β-catenin with a conditional null allele and a Wnt1-Cre driver, we probed the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in dorsal neural tube development. While loss of β-catenin protein in the neural tube results in severe cell adhesion defects, the morphology of cells and tissues expressing the double-mutant form is normal. Surprisingly, Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity only moderately regulates cell proliferation, but is crucial for maintaining neural progenitor identity and for neuronal differentiation in the dorsal spinal cord. Our model animals thus allow dissecting signaling and structural functions of β-catenin in vivo and provide the first genetic tool to generate cells and tissues that entirely and exclusively lack canonical Wnt pathway activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Valenta
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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36
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De La Garza-Rodea AS, Van Der Velde-Van Dijke I, Boersma H, Gonçalves MAFV, Van Bekkum DW, De Vries AAF, Knaän-Shanzer S. Myogenic Properties of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Three Different Sources. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:153-73. [DOI: 10.3727/096368911x580554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of mammals have been isolated from many tissues and are characterized by their aptitude to differentiate into bone, cartilage, and fat. Differentiation into cells of other lineages like skeletal muscle, tendon/ligament, nervous tissue, and epithelium has been attained with MSCs derived from some tissues. Whether such abilities are shared by MSCs of all tissues is unknown. We therefore compared for three human donors the myogenic properties of MSCs from adipose tissue (AT), bone marrow (BM), and synovial membrane (SM). Our data show that human MSCs derived from the three tissues differ in phenotype, proliferation capacity, and differentiation potential. The division rate of AT-derived MSCs (AT-MSCs) was distinctly higher than that of MSCs from the other two tissue sources. In addition, clear donor-specific differences in the long-term maintenance of MSC proliferation ability were observed. Although similar in their in vitro fusogenic capacity with murine myoblasts, MSCs of the three sources contributed to a different extent to skeletal muscle regeneration in vivo. Transplanting human AT-, BM-, or SM-MSCs previously transduced with a lentiviral vector encoding β-galactosidase into cardiotoxin-damaged tibialis anterior muscles (TAMs) of immunodeficient mice revealed that at 30 days after treatment the frequency of hybrid myofibers was highest in the TAMs treated with AT-MSCs. Our finding of human-specific β-spectrin and dystrophin in hybrid myofibers containing human nuclei argues for myogenic programming of MSCs in regenerating murine skeletal muscle. For the further development of MSC-based treatments of myopathies, AT-MSCs appear to be the best choice in view of their efficient contribution to myoregeneration, their high ex vivo expansion potential, and because their harvesting is less demanding than that of BM- or SM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hester Boersma
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Dirk W. Van Bekkum
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Antoine A. F. De Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Shoshan Knaän-Shanzer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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37
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Robson LG, Di Foggia V, Radunovic A, Bird K, Zhang X, Marino S. Bmi1 is expressed in postnatal myogenic satellite cells, controls their maintenance and plays an essential role in repeated muscle regeneration. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27116. [PMID: 22096526 PMCID: PMC3212532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells are the resident stem cell population of the adult mammalian skeletal muscle and they play a crucial role in its homeostasis and in its regenerative capacity after injury. We show here that the Polycomb group (PcG) gene Bmi1 is expressed in both the Pax7 positive (+)/Myf5 negative (−) stem cell population as well as the Pax7+/Myf5+ committed myogenic progenitor population. Depletion of Pax7+/Myf5− satellite cells with reciprocal increase in Pax7+/Myf5+ as well as MyoD positive (+) cells is seen in Bmi1−/− mice leading to reduced postnatal muscle fiber size and impaired regeneration upon injury. Bmi1−/− satellite cells have a reduced proliferative capacity and fail to re-enter the cell cycle when stimulated by high serum conditions in vitro, in keeping with a cell intrinsic defect. Thus, both the in vivo and in vitro results suggest that Bmi1 plays a crucial role in the maintenance of the stem cell pool in postnatal skeletal muscle and is essential for efficient muscle regeneration after injury especially after repeated muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley G. Robson
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Di Foggia
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandar Radunovic
- Neuroscience Clinical Academic Unit, Barts and The London NHS Trust, Whitechapel, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katy Bird
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Marino
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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38
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Mamchaoui K, Trollet C, Bigot A, Negroni E, Chaouch S, Wolff A, Kandalla PK, Marie S, Di Santo J, St Guily JL, Muntoni F, Kim J, Philippi S, Spuler S, Levy N, Blumen SC, Voit T, Wright WE, Aamiri A, Butler-Browne G, Mouly V. Immortalized pathological human myoblasts: towards a universal tool for the study of neuromuscular disorders. Skelet Muscle 2011; 1:34. [PMID: 22040608 PMCID: PMC3235972 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-1-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Investigations into both the pathophysiology and therapeutic targets in muscle dystrophies have been hampered by the limited proliferative capacity of human myoblasts. Isolation of reliable and stable immortalized cell lines from patient biopsies is a powerful tool for investigating pathological mechanisms, including those associated with muscle aging, and for developing innovative gene-based, cell-based or pharmacological biotherapies. Methods Using transduction with both telomerase-expressing and cyclin-dependent kinase 4-expressing vectors, we were able to generate a battery of immortalized human muscle stem-cell lines from patients with various neuromuscular disorders. Results The immortalized human cell lines from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, congenital muscular dystrophy, and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B had greatly increased proliferative capacity, and maintained their potential to differentiate both in vitro and in vivo after transplantation into regenerating muscle of immunodeficient mice. Conclusions Dystrophic cellular models are required as a supplement to animal models to assess cellular mechanisms, such as signaling defects, or to perform high-throughput screening for therapeutic molecules. These investigations have been conducted for many years on cells derived from animals, and would greatly benefit from having human cell models with prolonged proliferative capacity. Furthermore, the possibility to assess in vivo the regenerative capacity of these cells extends their potential use. The innovative cellular tools derived from several different neuromuscular diseases as described in this report will allow investigation of the pathophysiology of these disorders and assessment of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Mamchaoui
- Thérapie des maladies du muscle strié, Institut de Myologie, UM76, UPMC Université Paris 6, Paris, France.,INSERM U974, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 7215, Paris, France
| | - Capucine Trollet
- Thérapie des maladies du muscle strié, Institut de Myologie, UM76, UPMC Université Paris 6, Paris, France.,INSERM U974, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 7215, Paris, France
| | - Anne Bigot
- Thérapie des maladies du muscle strié, Institut de Myologie, UM76, UPMC Université Paris 6, Paris, France.,INSERM U974, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 7215, Paris, France
| | - Elisa Negroni
- Thérapie des maladies du muscle strié, Institut de Myologie, UM76, UPMC Université Paris 6, Paris, France.,INSERM U974, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 7215, Paris, France
| | - Soraya Chaouch
- Thérapie des maladies du muscle strié, Institut de Myologie, UM76, UPMC Université Paris 6, Paris, France.,INSERM U974, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 7215, Paris, France
| | - Annie Wolff
- Thérapie des maladies du muscle strié, Institut de Myologie, UM76, UPMC Université Paris 6, Paris, France.,INSERM U974, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 7215, Paris, France
| | - Prashanth K Kandalla
- Thérapie des maladies du muscle strié, Institut de Myologie, UM76, UPMC Université Paris 6, Paris, France.,INSERM U974, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 7215, Paris, France
| | - Solenne Marie
- Thérapie des maladies du muscle strié, Institut de Myologie, UM76, UPMC Université Paris 6, Paris, France.,INSERM U974, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 7215, Paris, France
| | - James Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, INSERM U 668, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jean Lacau St Guily
- Thérapie des maladies du muscle strié, Institut de Myologie, UM76, UPMC Université Paris 6, Paris, France.,INSERM U974, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 7215, Paris, France.,Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Faculté de Médecine St Antoine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Institute of Child Health, University College, London, UK
| | - Jihee Kim
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Institute of Child Health, University College, London, UK
| | - Susanne Philippi
- Thérapie des maladies du muscle strié, Institut de Myologie, UM76, UPMC Université Paris 6, Paris, France.,Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité University Hospital and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Spuler
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité University Hospital and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Levy
- Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Université de la Méditerranée, Inserm UMRS 910 Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Marseille, France
| | - Sergiu C Blumen
- Department of Neurology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, PO Box 169, Hadera, 38100, Israel
| | - Thomas Voit
- Thérapie des maladies du muscle strié, Institut de Myologie, UM76, UPMC Université Paris 6, Paris, France.,INSERM U974, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 7215, Paris, France
| | - Woodring E Wright
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ahmed Aamiri
- Laboratoire LBCM, Departement de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Agadir, Maroc
| | - Gillian Butler-Browne
- Thérapie des maladies du muscle strié, Institut de Myologie, UM76, UPMC Université Paris 6, Paris, France.,INSERM U974, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 7215, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Thérapie des maladies du muscle strié, Institut de Myologie, UM76, UPMC Université Paris 6, Paris, France.,INSERM U974, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 7215, Paris, France
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Shiomi K, Kiyono T, Okamura K, Uezumi M, Goto Y, Yasumoto S, Shimizu S, Hashimoto N. CDK4 and cyclin D1 allow human myogenic cells to recapture growth property without compromising differentiation potential. Gene Ther 2011; 18:857-66. [PMID: 21490680 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2011.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In vitro culture systems of human myogenic cells contribute greatly to elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying terminal myogenic differentiation and symptoms of neuromuscular diseases. However, human myogenic cells have limited ability to proliferate in culture. We have established an improved immortalization protocol for human myogenic cells derived from healthy and diseased muscles; constitutive expression of mutated cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin D1 and telomerase immortalized human myogenic cells. Normal diploid chromosomes were preserved after immortalization. The immortalized human myogenic cells divided as rapidly as primary human myogenic cells during the early passages, and underwent myogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation under appropriate culture conditions. The immortalized cells contributed to muscle differentiation upon xenotransplantation to immunodeficient mice under conditions of regeneration following muscle injury. We also succeeded in immortalizing cryopreserved human myogenic cells derived from Leigh disease patients following primary culture. Forced expression of the three genes shortened their cell cycle to < 30 h, which is similar to the doubling time of primary cultured human myogenic cells during early passages. The immortalization protocol described here allowed human myogenic cells to recapture high proliferation activity without compromising their differentiation potential and normal diploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shiomi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Oobu, Japan
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40
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García-Escudero V, Gargini R, Gallego-Hernández MT, García-Gómez A, Martín-Bermejo MJ, Simón D, Delicado A, Moreno-Flores MT, Ávila J, Lim F. A Neuroregenerative Human Ensheathing Glia Cell Line with Conditional Rapid Growth. Cell Transplant 2011; 20:153-66. [DOI: 10.3727/096368910x522108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ensheathing glia have been demonstrated to have neuroregenerative properties but this cell type from human sources has not been extensively studied because tissue samples are not easily obtained, primary cultures are slow growing, and human cell lines are not available. We previously isolated immortalized ensheathing glia by gene transfer of BMI1 and telomerase catalytic subunit into primary cultures derived from olfactory bulbs of an elderly human cadaver donor. These cells escape the replicative senescence characteristic of primary human cells while conserving antigenic and neuroregenerative properties of ensheathing glia, but their low proliferative rate in culture complicates their utility as cell models and their application for preclinical cell therapy experiments. In this study we describe the use of a conditional SV40 T antigen (TAg) transgene to generate human ensheathing glia cell lines, which are easy to maintain due to their robust growth in culture. Although these fast growing clones exhibited polyploid karyotypes frequently observed in cells immortalized by TAg, they did not acquire a transformed phenotype, all of them maintaining neuroregenerative capacity and antigenic markers typical of ensheathing glia. These markers were also retained even after elimination of the TAg transgene using Cre/LoxP technology, although the cells died shortly after, confirming that their survival depended on the presence of the immortalizing genes. We have also demonstrated here the feasibility of using these human cell lines in animal models by genetically marking the cells with GFP and implanting them into the injured spinal cord of immunosuppressed rats. Our conditionally immortalized human ensheathing glia cell lines will thus serve as useful tools for advancing cell therapy approaches and understanding neuroregenerative mechanisms of this unique cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vega García-Escudero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gargini
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana García-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Diana Simón
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Jesús Ávila
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Filip Lim
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
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Gonçalves MAFV, Janssen JM, Nguyen QG, Athanasopoulos T, Hauschka SD, Dickson G, de Vries AAF. Transcription factor rational design improves directed differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells into skeletal myocytes. Mol Ther 2011; 19:1331-41. [PMID: 21266958 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2010.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is great interest in transdifferentiating cells from one lineage into those of another and in dedifferentiating mature cells back into a stem/progenitor cell state by deploying naturally occurring transcription factors (TFs). Often, however, steering cellular differentiation pathways in a predictable and efficient manner remains challenging. Here, we investigated the principle of combining domains from different lineage-specific TFs to improve directed cellular differentiation. As proof-of-concept, we engineered the whole-human TF MyoDCD, which has the NH(2)-terminal transcription activation domain (TAD) and adjacent DNA-binding motif of MyoD COOH-terminally fused to the TAD of myocardin (MyoCD). We found via reporter gene and marker protein assays as well as by a cell fusion readout system that, targeting the TAD of MyoCD to genes normally responsive to the skeletal muscle-specific TF MyoD enforces more robust myogenic reprogramming of nonmuscle cells than that achieved by the parental, prototypic master TF, MyoD. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) transduced with a codon-optimized microdystrophin gene linked to a synthetic striated muscle-specific promoter and/or with MyoD or MyoDCD were evaluated for complementing the genetic defect in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) myocytes through heterotypic cell fusion. Cotransduction of hMSCs with MyoDCD and microdystrophin led to chimeric myotubes containing the highest dystrophin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A F V Gonçalves
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Laurenti E, Barde I, Verp S, Offner S, Wilson A, Quenneville S, Wiznerowicz M, Macdonald HR, Trono D, Trumpp A. Inducible gene and shRNA expression in resident hematopoietic stem cells in vivo. Stem Cells 2011; 28:1390-8. [PMID: 20641037 DOI: 10.1002/stem.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are probably the best understood somatic stem cells and often serve as a paradigm for other stem cells. Nevertheless, most current techniques to genetically manipulate them in vivo are either constitutive and/or induced in settings of hematopoietic stress such as after irradiation. Here, we present a conditional expression system that allows for externally controllable transgenesis and knockdown in resident HSCs, based on a lentiviral vector containing a tet-O sequence and a transgenic mouse line expressing a doxycyclin-regulated tTR-KRAB repressor protein. HSCs harvested from tTR-KRAB mice are transduced with the lentiviral vector containing a cDNA (i.e., Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)) and/or shRNA (i.e., p53) of interest and then transplanted into lethally irradiated recipients. While the vector is effectively repressed by tTR-KRAB during homing and engraftment, robust GFP/shp53 expression is induced on doxycyclin treatment in HSCs and their progeny. Doxycylin-controllable transcription is maintained on serial transplantation, indicating that repopulating HSCs are stably modified by this approach. In summary, this easy to implement conditional system provides inducible and reversible overexpression or knock down of genes in resident HSCs in vivo using a drug devoid of toxic or activating effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Laurenti
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Science, and Frontiers in Genetics National Center for Competence in Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Gonçalves MAFV, Janssen JM, Holkers M, de Vries AAF. Rapid and sensitive lentivirus vector-based conditional gene expression assay to monitor and quantify cell fusion activity. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10954. [PMID: 20532169 PMCID: PMC2880594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell fusion is involved in multiple fundamental biological processes. Prominent examples include osteoclast and giant cell formation, fertilization and skeletal myogenesis which involve macrophage, sperm-egg and myoblast fusion, respectively. Indeed, the importance of cell fusion is underscored by the wide range of homeostatic as well as pathologic processes in which it plays a key role. Therefore, rapid and sensitive systems to trace and measure cell fusion events in various experimental systems are in demand. Here, we introduce a bipartite cell fusion monitoring system based on a genetic switch responsive to the site-specific recombinase FLP. To allow flexible deployment in both dividing as well as non-dividing cell populations, inducer and reporter modules were incorporated in lentivirus vector particles. Moreover, the recombinase-inducible transcription units were designed in such a way as to minimize basal activity and chromosomal position effects in the "off" and "on" states, respectively. The lentivirus vector-based conditional gene expression assay was validated in primary human mesenchymal stem cells and in a differentiation model based on muscle progenitor cells from a Duchenne muscular dystrophy patient using reporter genes compatible with live- and single-cell imaging and with whole population measurements. Using the skeletal muscle cell differentiation model, we showed that the new assay displays low background activity, a 2-log dynamic range, high sensitivity and is amenable to the investigation of cell fusion kinetics. The utility of the bipartite cell fusion monitoring system was underscored by a study on the impact of drug- and RNAi-mediated p38 MAPK inhibition on human myocyte differentiation. Finally, building on the capacity of lentivirus vectors to readily generate transgenic animals the present FLP-inducible system should be adaptable, alone or together with Cre/loxP-based assays, to cell lineage tracing and conditional gene manipulation studies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A F V Gonçalves
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Pan X, Du W, Yu X, Sheng G, Cao H, Yu C, Lv G, Huang H, Chen Y, Li J, Li L. Establishment and Characterization of Immortalized Porcine Hepatocytes for the Study of Hepatocyte Xenotransplantation. Transplant Proc 2010; 42:1899-906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zhang Y, Nuglozeh E, Touré F, Schmidt AM, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Controllable expansion of primary cardiomyocytes by reversible immortalization. Hum Gene Ther 2010; 20:1687-96. [PMID: 19708763 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2009.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering will remain only a prospect unless large numbers of therapeutic cells can be provided, either from small samples of cardiac cells or from stem cell sources. In contrast to most adult cells, cardiomyocytes are terminally differentiated and cannot be expanded in culture. We explored the feasibility of enabling the in vitro expansion of primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes by lentivector-mediated cell immortalization, and then reverting the phenotype of the expanded cells back to the cardiomyocyte state. Primary rat cardiomyocytes were transduced with simian virus 40 large T antigen (TAg), or with Bmi-1 followed by the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene; the cells were expanded; and the transduced genes were removed by adenoviral vector expressing Cre recombinase. The TAg gene was more efficient in cell transduction than the Bmi-1/hTERT gene, based on the rate of cell proliferation. Immortalized cells exhibited the morphological features of dedifferentiation (increased vimentin expression, and reduced expression of troponin I and Nkx2.5) along with the continued expression of cardiac markers (alpha-actin, connexin-43, and calcium transients). After the immortalization was reversed, cells returned to their differentiated state. This strategy for controlled expansion of primary cardiomyocytes by gene transfer has potential for providing large amounts of a patient's own cardiomyocytes for cell therapy, and the cardiomyocytes derived by this method could be a useful cellular model by which to study cardiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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García-Escudero V, García-Gómez A, Gargini R, Martín-Bermejo MJ, Langa E, de Yébenes JG, Delicado A, Avila J, Moreno-Flores MT, Lim F. Prevention of senescence progression in reversibly immortalized human ensheathing glia permits their survival after deimmortalization. Mol Ther 2009; 18:394-403. [PMID: 19935779 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2009.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible immortalization holds great potential for primary tissue expansion to develop cell-based therapies as well as for basic research. Human olfactory ensheathing glia (hOEG) are promising candidates for treating spinal cord injury and for studying extrinsic neuroregenerative mechanisms. We used lentivectors with Cre/loxP technology to achieve reversible gene transfer of BMI1, SV40 large T antigen (TAg), a short hairpin RNA against p53 (shp53), and the catalytic subunit of telomerase (TERT) in primary cultures of hOEG from human donor cadaver olfactory bulbs. Several combinations of these genes were able to immortalize hOEG, conserving their antigenic markers and neuroregenerative properties but only those transduced by BMI1/TERT did not accumulate karyotypic alterations or increase senescence marker levels. Strikingly, these were also the only cells which continued to proliferate after transgene removal by Cre recombinase delivery, whereas hOEG immortalized by shp53 or TAg in combination with TERT entered into growth arrest and died. These data support the idea that immortalization and halting senescent changes are separate processes; hOEG immortalized by BMI1/TERT can revert back to their former primary cell replicative state when deimmortalized, whereas those transduced by the other combinations depend on the presence of these transgenes to maintain their aberrant proliferative state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vega García-Escudero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Lim F, Martín-Bermejo MJ, García-Escudero V, Gallego-Hernández MT, García-Gómez A, Rábano A, Díaz-Nido J, Ávila J, Moreno-Flores MT. Reversibly immortalized human olfactory ensheathing glia from an elderly donor maintain neuroregenerative capacity. Glia 2009; 58:546-58. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.20944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Xia SJ, Holder DD, Pawel BR, Zhang C, Barr FG. High expression of the PAX3-FKHR oncoprotein is required to promote tumorigenesis of human myoblasts. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 175:2600-8. [PMID: 19893043 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.090192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PAX3-FKHR is a fusion oncoprotein generated by the 2;13 chromosomal translocation in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS), a cancer associated with the skeletal muscle lineage. Previous studies determined that high-level PAX3-FKHR expression is a consistent feature in ARMS tumors. To investigate the relationship between expression and phenotype in human myogenic cells, PAX3-FKHR was introduced into immortalized human myoblasts to produce a low overall PAX3-FKHR expression level. Although PAX3-FKHR alone failed to exert transforming activity, a combination of PAX3-FKHR and MYCN induced transforming activity in cell culture assays. Furthermore, myoblasts expressing PAX3-FKHR with or without MYCN formed tumors in SCID mice. These tumors demonstrated invasive features and expressed myogenic markers, consistent with rhabdomyosarcoma. Comparisons of tumor and parental cells revealed that only a subset of parental cells developed into tumors and that tumor cells expressed high PAX3-FKHR levels compared with transduced parental cells. Subcloning of parental PAX3-FKHR/MYCN-transduced myoblasts identified rare high PAX3-FKHR-expressing subclones with high transforming and tumorigenic activity; however, most subclones expressed low PAX3-FKHR and showed neither transforming nor tumorigenic activity. Finally, RNA interference experiments in myoblast-derived tumor and ARMS cells revealed that high PAX3-FKHR expression plays a crucial role in regulating proliferation, transformation, and differentiation. These findings support the premise that high PAX3-FKHR-expressing cells are selected during tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan J Xia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6082, USA
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Douillard-Guilloux G, Mouly V, Caillaud C, Richard E. Immortalization of murine muscle cells from lysosomal alpha-glucosidase deficient mice: a new tool to study pathophysiology and assess therapeutic strategies for Pompe disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 388:333-8. [PMID: 19665008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type II (GSDII) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by defects in the acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) gene leading to lysosomal glycogen accumulation, mainly in cardiac and muscle tissues. In order to facilitate biological investigation on this disease and to avoid time-consuming direct cell isolation and culture, we have established murine myogenic GSDII cell lines. Lentiviral/retroviral expression of SV40 T antigen, Bmi-1 or cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) genes was used to induce the immortalization of primary satellite cells from GSDII mice. The resulting immortalized myoblasts exhibit phenotypic characteristics of their parental cells, including profound GAA deficiency, glycogen accumulation and the ability to fully differentiate into myotubes when placed in proper culture conditions. These cell lines will constitute a powerful tool for both basic and applied studies focused on a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in GSDII and for assessing putative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Douillard-Guilloux
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes. CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France; INSERM, U567, Paris, France
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Immortalized human skin fibroblast feeder cells support growth and maintenance of both human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. Hum Reprod 2009; 24:2567-81. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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