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Biniazan F, Stoian A, Haykal S. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Angiogenetic Potential and Utility in Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2356. [PMID: 38397032 PMCID: PMC10889096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is a large and important energy storage organ as well as an endocrine organ with a critical role in many processes. Additionally, AT is an enormous and easily accessible source of multipotent cell types used in our day for all types of tissue regeneration. The ability of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to differentiate into other types of cells, such as endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells, or cardiomyocytes, is used in tissue engineering in order to promote/stimulate the process of angiogenesis. Being a key for future successful clinical applications, functional vascular networks in engineered tissue are targeted by numerous in vivo and ex vivo studies. The article reviews the angiogenic potential of ADSCs and explores their capacity in the field of tissue engineering (TE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Felor Biniazan
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street Suite 8N-869, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada; (F.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Alina Stoian
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street Suite 8N-869, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada; (F.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Siba Haykal
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street Suite 8N-869, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada; (F.B.); (A.S.)
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street Suite 8N-869, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada
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2
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Gutierrez RA, Fonseca VC, Darling EM. Chondrogenesis of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Using an Arrayed Spheroid Format. Cell Mol Bioeng 2022; 15:587-597. [PMID: 36531862 PMCID: PMC9751248 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-022-00746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The chondrogenic response of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) is often assessed using 3D micromass protocols that use upwards of hundreds of thousands of cells. Scaling these systems up for high-throughput testing is technically challenging and wasteful given the necessary cell numbers and reagent volumes. However, adopting microscale spheroid cultures for this purpose shows promise. Spheroid systems work with only thousands of cells and microliters of medium. Methods Molded agarose microwells were fabricated using 2% w/v molten agarose and then equilibrated in medium prior to introducing cells. ASCs were seeded at 50, 500, 5k cells/microwell; 5k, 50k, cells/well plate; and 50k and 250k cells/15 mL centrifuge tube to compare chondrogenic responses across spheroid and micromass sizes. Cells were cultured in control or chondrogenic induction media. ASCs coalesced into spheroids/pellets and were cultured at 37 °C and 5% CO2 for 21 days with media changes every other day. Results All culture conditions supported growth of ASCs and formation of viable cell spheroids/micromasses. More robust growth was observed in chondrogenic conditions. Sulfated glycosaminoglycans and collagen II, molecules characteristics of chondrogenesis, were prevalent in both 5000-cell spheroids and 250,000-cell micromasses. Deposition of collagen I, characteristic of fibrocartilage, was more prevalent in the large micromasses than small spheroids. Conclusions Chondrogenic differentiation was consistently induced using high-throughput spheroid formats, particularly when seeding at cell densities of 5000 cells/spheroid. This opens possibilities for highly arrayed experiments investigating tissue repair and remodeling during or after exposure to drugs, toxins, or other chemicals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-022-00746-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Gutierrez
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Box G-B397, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Vera C. Fonseca
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence, USA
| | - Eric M. Darling
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Box G-B397, Providence, RI 02912 USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence, USA
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, USA
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Ghandforoushan P, Hanaee J, Aghazadeh Z, Samiei M, Navali AM, Khatibi A, Davaran S. Enhancing the function of PLGA-collagen scaffold by incorporating TGF-β1-loaded PLGA-PEG-PLGA nanoparticles for cartilage tissue engineering using human dental pulp stem cells. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2960-2978. [PMID: 35650332 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since cartilage has a limited capacity for self-regeneration, treating cartilage degenerative disorders is a long-standing difficulty in orthopedic medicine. Researchers have scrutinized cartilage tissue regeneration to handle the deficiency of cartilage restoration capacity. This investigation proposed to compose an innovative nanocomposite biomaterial that enhances growth factor delivery to the injured cartilage site. Here, we describe the design and development of the biocompatible poly(lactide-co-glycolide) acid-collagen/poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA-collagen/PLGA-PEG-PLGA) nanocomposite hydrogel containing transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). PLGA-PEG-PLGA nanoparticles were employed as a delivery system embedding TGF-β1 as an articular cartilage repair therapeutic agent. This study evaluates various physicochemical aspects of fabricated scaffolds by 1HNMR, FT-IR, SEM, BET, and DLS methods. The physicochemical features of the developed scaffolds, including porosity, density, degradation, swelling ratio, mechanical properties, morphologies, BET, ELISA, and cytotoxicity were assessed. The cell viability was investigated with the MTT test. Chondrogenic differentiation was assessed via Alcian blue staining and RT-PCR. In real-time PCR testing, the expression of Sox-9, collagen type II, and aggrecan genes was monitored. According to the results, human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) exhibited high adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation on PLGA-collagen/PLGA-PEG-PLGA-TGFβ1 nanocomposite scaffolds compared to the control groups. SEM images displayed suitable cell adhesion and distribution of hDPSCs throughout the scaffolds. RT-PCR assay data displayed that TGF-β1 loaded PLGA-PEG-PLGA nanoparticles puts forward chondroblast differentiation in hDPSCs through the expression of chondrogenic genes. The findings revealed that PLGA-collagen/PLGA-PEG-PLGA-TGF-β1 nanocomposite hydrogel can be utilized as a supportive platform to support hDPSCs differentiation by implementing specific physio-chemical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Ghandforoushan
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalal Hanaee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medicinal Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Aghazadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Oral Medicine Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Samiei
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ali Khatibi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soodabeh Davaran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Applied Drug Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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De Kinderen P, Meester J, Loeys B, Peeters S, Gouze E, Woods S, Mortier G, Verstraeten A. Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Into Chondrocytes: Methods and Applications for Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:397-410. [PMID: 35124831 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology allows pathomechanistic and therapeutic investigation of human heritable disorders affecting tissue types whose collection from patients is difficult or even impossible. Among them are cartilage diseases. Over the past decade, iPSC-chondrocyte disease models have been shown to exhibit several key aspects of known disease mechanisms. Concurrently, an increasing number of protocols to differentiate iPSCs into chondrocytes have been published, each with its respective (dis)advantages. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of the different differentiation approaches, the hitherto described iPSC-chondrocyte disease models and mechanistic and/or therapeutic insights that have been derived from their investigation, and the current model limitations. Key lessons are that the most appropriate differentiation approach is dependent upon the cartilage disease under investigation and that further optimization is still required to recapitulate the in vivo cartilage. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline De Kinderen
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Josephina Meester
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bart Loeys
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Silke Peeters
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elvire Gouze
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Steven Woods
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Geert Mortier
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Aline Verstraeten
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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Luo S, Xiao S, Ai Y, Wang B, Wang Y. Changes in the hepatic differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells aged in vitro. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1628. [PMID: 34926672 PMCID: PMC8640908 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Due to their multipotency and ability for self-renewal, human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) hold great promise for generating hepatocytes. Previous research has successfully generated hepatocytes from early-passage [i.e., passage (P)3] hUC-MSCs; however, the populations of early-passage cells are limited, and these cells cannot produce sufficient functional hepatocytes for large-scale application in clinical therapy. Thus, a thorough investigation of the hepatic differentiation potential of in vitro-aged hUC-MSCs is needed. Methods hUC-MSCs were passaged in vitro and subcultured every 3 days up to P8, and their morphology, proliferative capacity, liver-specific marker expression, and liver function at the end of each passage were analyzed. The efficiency of the hepatogenic differentiation of hUC-MSCs driven by a functional hit 1 (FH1)-based strategy at different passages was also evaluated. Results The in vitro-aged hUC-MSCs gradually displayed morphological inhomogeneity, had reduced proliferative capability, and exhibited senescent properties while maintaining adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential. Additionally, senescence also decreased the expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in albumin (ALB) and alpha 1-antitrpsin (A1AT) in these cells and their relative protein expression, which is the marker of a mature hepatocyte. The liver function of the in vitro-aged hUC-MSCs also deteriorated gradually. Finally, the percentage of hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) generated from in vitro-aged hUC-MSCs reduced significantly, and the mature hepatocyte functions, such as ALB secretion, glycogen synthesis, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) intake, and indocyanine green (ICG) uptake, also changed. Conclusions hUC-MSCs possess mature hepatocytes’ specific markers and functions, which change gradually as they undergo cell senescence. Due to the loss of these properties within in vitro subcultures, the hepatic differentiation efficiency of in vitro-aged hUC-MSCs decreased dramatically in the late passage (P8). The current study provides valuable information can inform future research on liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ben Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yefu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Wei W, Dai H. Articular cartilage and osteochondral tissue engineering techniques: Recent advances and challenges. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4830-4855. [PMID: 34136726 PMCID: PMC8175243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of the considerable achievements in the field of regenerative medicine in the past several decades, osteochondral defect regeneration remains a challenging issue among diseases in the musculoskeletal system because of the spatial complexity of osteochondral units in composition, structure and functions. In order to repair the hierarchical tissue involving different layers of articular cartilage, cartilage-bone interface and subchondral bone, traditional clinical treatments including palliative and reparative methods have showed certain improvement in pain relief and defect filling. It is the development of tissue engineering that has provided more promising results in regenerating neo-tissues with comparable compositional, structural and functional characteristics to the native osteochondral tissues. Here in this review, some basic knowledge of the osteochondral units including the anatomical structure and composition, the defect classification and clinical treatments will be first introduced. Then we will highlight the recent progress in osteochondral tissue engineering from perspectives of scaffold design, cell encapsulation and signaling factor incorporation including bioreactor application. Clinical products for osteochondral defect repair will be analyzed and summarized later. Moreover, we will discuss the current obstacles and future directions to regenerate the damaged osteochondral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Honglian Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Xianhu Hydrogen Valley, Foshan, 528200, China
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7
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Čater M, Majdič G. In Vitro Culturing of Adult Stem Cells: The Importance of Serum and Atmospheric Oxygen. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1376:101-118. [PMID: 34426961 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells found in many different tissues in the adult human and animal body and are thought to be important for replacing damaged and dead cells during life. Due to their differentiation abilities, they have significant potential for regeneration and consequently therapeutic potential in various medical conditions. Studies on in vitro cultivation of different types of adult stem cells have shown that they have specific requirements for optimal proliferation and stemness maintenance as well as induced differentiation. The main factors affecting the success of stem cell cultivation are the composition of the growth medium, including the presence of serum, temperature, humidity, and contact with other cells and the composition of the atmosphere in which the cells grow. In this chapter, we review the literature and describe our own experience regarding the influence of the presence of fetal bovine serum in the medium and the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere on the stemness maintenance and survival of adult stem cells from various tissue sources such as adipose tissue, muscle, brain, and testicular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Čater
- Laboratory for Animal Genomics, Institute for Preclinical Studies, Veterinary faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Majdič
- Laboratory for Animal Genomics, Institute for Preclinical Studies, Veterinary faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.
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8
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Rahman S, Szojka ARA, Liang Y, Kunze M, Goncalves V, Mulet-Sierra A, Jomha NM, Adesida AB. Inability of Low Oxygen Tension to Induce Chondrogenesis in Human Infrapatellar Fat Pad Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:703038. [PMID: 34381784 PMCID: PMC8350173 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.703038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Articular cartilage of the knee joint is avascular, exists under a low oxygen tension microenvironment, and does not self-heal when injured. Human infrapatellar fat pad-sourced mesenchymal stem cells (IFP-MSC) are an arthroscopically accessible source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for the repair of articular cartilage defects. Human IFP-MSC exists physiologically under a low oxygen tension (i.e., 1-5%) microenvironment. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) exist physiologically within a similar range of oxygen tension. A low oxygen tension of 2% spontaneously induced chondrogenesis in micromass pellets of human BM-MSC. However, this is yet to be demonstrated in human IFP-MSC or other adipose tissue-sourced MSC. In this study, we explored the potential of low oxygen tension at 2% to drive the in vitro chondrogenesis of IFP-MSC. We hypothesized that 2% O2 will induce stable chondrogenesis in human IFP-MSC without the risk of undergoing endochondral ossification at ectopic sites of implantation. METHODS Micromass pellets of human IFP-MSC were cultured under 2% O2 or 21% O2 (normal atmosphere O2) in the presence or absence of chondrogenic medium with transforming growth factor-β3 (TGFβ3) for 3 weeks. Following in vitro chondrogenesis, the resulting pellets were implanted in immunodeficient athymic nude mice for 3 weeks. RESULTS A low oxygen tension of 2% was unable to induce chondrogenesis in human IFP-MSC. In contrast, chondrogenic medium with TGFβ3 induced in vitro chondrogenesis. All pellets were devoid of any evidence of undergoing endochondral ossification after subcutaneous implantation in athymic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Rahman
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Orthopedic Tissue Engineering, Division of Orthopedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Alexander R. A. Szojka
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Orthopedic Tissue Engineering, Division of Orthopedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yan Liang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Orthopedic Tissue Engineering, Division of Orthopedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Melanie Kunze
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Orthopedic Tissue Engineering, Division of Orthopedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Victoria Goncalves
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Orthopedic Tissue Engineering, Division of Orthopedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Aillette Mulet-Sierra
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Orthopedic Tissue Engineering, Division of Orthopedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nadr M. Jomha
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Orthopedic Tissue Engineering, Division of Orthopedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Adetola B. Adesida
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Orthopedic Tissue Engineering, Division of Orthopedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Khazaei S, Keshavarz G, Bozorgi A, Nazari H, Khazaei M. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells: a comparative review on isolation, culture, and differentiation methods. Cell Tissue Bank 2021; 23:1-16. [PMID: 33616792 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-021-09905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are an available source of mesenchymal stem cells with the appropriate capacity to in vitro survive, propagate, and differentiate into cells from three lineages of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. The biological features of ADSCs depend on the donor physiology and health status, isolation procedure, culture conditions, and differentiation protocols used. Adipose tissue samples are provided by surgery and lipoaspiration-based methods and subjected to various mechanical and chemical digestion techniques to finally generate a heterogeneous mixture named stromal vascular fraction (SVF). ADSCs are purified through varied cell populations that exist within SVF and cultured under standard conditions to give rise to a highly rich resource of stem cells directly applied in the clinic or differentiated into a wide range of cells. The development and optimization of conventional isolation, expansion, and differentiation methods seem noteworthy to preserve the desirable biological functions of ADSCs in pre-clinical and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Khazaei
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ghazal Keshavarz
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Azam Bozorgi
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Nazari
- Department of Orofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Monaco G, El Haj AJ, Alini M, Stoddart MJ. Ex Vivo Systems to Study Chondrogenic Differentiation and Cartilage Integration. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2021; 6:E6. [PMID: 33466400 PMCID: PMC7838775 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage injury and repair is an issue of growing importance. Although common, defects of articular cartilage present a unique clinical challenge due to its poor self-healing capacity, which is largely due to its avascular nature. There is a critical need to better study and understand cellular healing mechanisms to achieve more effective therapies for cartilage regeneration. This article aims to describe the key features of cartilage which is being modelled using tissue engineered cartilage constructs and ex vivo systems. These models have been used to investigate chondrogenic differentiation and to study the mechanisms of cartilage integration into the surrounding tissue. The review highlights the key regeneration principles of articular cartilage repair in healthy and diseased joints. Using co-culture models and novel bioreactor designs, the basis of regeneration is aligned with recent efforts for optimal therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziana Monaco
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, CH-7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland; (G.M.); (M.A.)
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering Research, University of Keele, Keele ST5 5BG, UK;
| | - Alicia J. El Haj
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering Research, University of Keele, Keele ST5 5BG, UK;
- Healthcare Technology Institute, Translational Medicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, CH-7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland; (G.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Martin J. Stoddart
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, CH-7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland; (G.M.); (M.A.)
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering Research, University of Keele, Keele ST5 5BG, UK;
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Lee J, Jeon O, Kong M, Abdeen AA, Shin JY, Lee HN, Lee YB, Sun W, Bandaru P, Alt DS, Lee K, Kim HJ, Lee SJ, Chaterji S, Shin SR, Alsberg E, Khademhosseini A. Combinatorial screening of biochemical and physical signals for phenotypic regulation of stem cell-based cartilage tissue engineering. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz5913. [PMID: 32494742 PMCID: PMC7244269 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz5913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite great progress in biomaterial design strategies for replacing damaged articular cartilage, prevention of stem cell-derived chondrocyte hypertrophy and resulting inferior tissue formation is still a critical challenge. Here, by using engineered biomaterials and a high-throughput system for screening of combinatorial cues in cartilage microenvironments, we demonstrate that biomaterial cross-linking density that regulates matrix degradation and stiffness-together with defined presentation of growth factors, mechanical stimulation, and arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptides-can guide human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) differentiation into articular or hypertrophic cartilage phenotypes. Faster-degrading, soft matrices promoted articular cartilage tissue formation of hMSCs by inducing their proliferation and maturation, while slower-degrading, stiff matrices promoted cells to differentiate into hypertrophic chondrocytes through Yes-associated protein (YAP)-dependent mechanotransduction. in vitro and in vivo chondrogenesis studies also suggest that down-regulation of the Wingless and INT-1 (WNT) signaling pathway is required for better quality articular cartilage-like tissue production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Oju Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Ming Kong
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
- Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Amr A. Abdeen
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Jung-Youn Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ha Neul Lee
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yu Bin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Wujin Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Praveen Bandaru
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel S. Alt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - KangJu Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Han-Jun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Somali Chaterji
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Resilient Infrastructures, Systems, and Processes (CRISP), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Division of General Medical Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
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12
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Udomluck N, Kim SH, Cho H, Park JY, Park H. Three-dimensional cartilage tissue regeneration system harnessing goblet-shaped microwells containing biocompatible hydrogel. Biofabrication 2019; 12:015019. [PMID: 31783391 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab5d3e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of stem cells into chondrocytes has been studied for the engineering of cartilage tissue. However, stem cells cultured two-dimensionally have limited ability to differentiate into chondrocytes, which led to the development of three-dimensional culture systems. A recently developed microtechnological method uses microwells as a tool to form uniformly sized spheroids. In this study, we fabricated an array (10 × 10) of goblet-shaped microwells based on polydimethylsiloxane for spheroid culture. A central processing unit (CPU) was used to form holes, and metallic beads were used to form hemispherical microwell geometry. The holes were filled with Pluronic F-127 to prevent cells from sinking through the holes and allowing the cells to form spheroids. Viability and chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells were assessed. The fabrication method using a micro-pin mold and metallic beads is easy and cost-effective. Our three-dimensional spheroid culture system optimizes the efficient differentiation of cells and has various applications, such as drug delivery, cell therapy, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nopphadol Udomluck
- School of Integrative Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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13
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Saud B, Malla R, Shrestha K. A Review on the Effect of Plant Extract on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:7513404. [PMID: 31428160 PMCID: PMC6681598 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7513404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell has immense potential in regenerative cellular therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can become a potential attractive candidate for therapy due to its remarkable ability of self-renewal and differentiation into three lineages, i.e., ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Stem cell holds tremendous promises in the field of tissue regeneration and transplantation for disease treatments. Globally, medicinal plants are being used for the treatment and prevention of a variety of diseases. Phytochemicals like naringin, icariin, genistein, and resveratrol obtained from plants have been extensively used in traditional medicine for centuries. Certain bioactive compounds from plants increase the rate of tissue regeneration, differentiation, and immunomodulation. Several studies show that bioactive compounds from plants have a specific role (bioactive mediator) in regulating the rate of cell division and differentiation through complex signal pathways like BMP2, Runx2, and Wnt. The use of plant bioactive phytochemicals may also become promising in treating diseases like osteoporosis, neurodegenerative disorders, and other tissue degenerative disorders. Thus, the present review article is aimed at highlighting the roles and consequences of plant extracts on MSCs proliferation and desired lineage differentiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvan Saud
- Central Department of Biotechnology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
- Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Rajani Malla
- Central Department of Biotechnology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Kanti Shrestha
- Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal
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14
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Walia B, Huang AH. Tendon stem progenitor cells: Understanding the biology to inform therapeutic strategies for tendon repair. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1270-1280. [PMID: 30270569 PMCID: PMC6823601 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tendon and ligament injuries are a leading cause of healthcare visits with significant impact in terms of economic cost and reduced quality of life. To date, reparative strategies remain largely restricted to conservative treatment or surgical repair. However, these therapies fail to restore native tendon structure and function; thus, the tissue may re-rupture or degenerate with time. To improve tendon healing, one promising strategy may be harnessing the innate potential of resident tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) to guide tenogenic regeneration. In this review, we outline recent advances in the identification and characterization of putative TSPC populations, and discuss biochemical, biomechanical, and biomaterial methods employed for their culture and differentiation. Finally, we identify limitations in our current understanding of TSPC biology, key challenges for their use, and potential therapeutic strategies to inform cell-based tendon repair. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1270-1280, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavita Walia
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Alice H. Huang
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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15
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Long Noncoding RNA H19 Participates in the Regulation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Cartilage Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:2139814. [PMID: 31191668 PMCID: PMC6525810 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2139814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are multipotent and have received increasing attention for their applications in medicine. Cell-based therapies are optimal for diseases with loss or damage to tissues or organs. ADSCs and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can differentiate into many cell lineages. Because of their advantages in accessibility and volume, ADSCs are regarded as a desirable alternative to BMSCs. In this study, we focused on the chondrocytic differentiation potential of ADSCs and the underlying mechanism. We found that the long noncoding RNA H19 plays an important role in this process. Overexpression of H19 in ADSCs induced differentiation towards chondrocytes. H19 is abundantly expressed during embryonic development and downregulated after birth, implying its regulatory role in determining cell fate. However, in our experiments, H19 exerted its regulatory function during cartilage differentiation of ADSCs through competing miRNA regulation of STAT2.
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16
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Zhou S, Chen S, Jiang Q, Pei M. Determinants of stem cell lineage differentiation toward chondrogenesis versus adipogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1653-1680. [PMID: 30689010 PMCID: PMC6456412 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells, also termed as somatic stem cells, are undifferentiated cells, detected among differentiated cells in a tissue or an organ. Adult stem cells can differentiate toward lineage specific cell types of the tissue or organ in which they reside. They also have the ability to differentiate into mature cells of mesenchymal tissues, such as cartilage, fat and bone. Despite the fact that the balance has been comprehensively scrutinized between adipogenesis and osteogenesis and between chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, few reviews discuss the relationship between chondrogenesis and adipogenesis. In this review, the developmental and transcriptional crosstalk of chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages are briefly explored, followed by elucidation of signaling pathways and external factors guiding lineage determination between chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation. An in-depth understanding of overlap and discrepancy between these two mesenchymal tissues in lineage differentiation would benefit regeneration of high-quality cartilage tissues and adipose tissues for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhou
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9196, USA
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9196, USA.
- Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, WVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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17
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Kavand H, van Lintel H, Renaud P. Efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic fields and electromagnetic fields tuned to the ion cyclotron resonance frequency of Ca 2+ on chondrogenic differentiation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:799-811. [PMID: 30793837 DOI: 10.1002/term.2829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies provide strong evidence for the therapeutic effect of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on different tissues including cartilage. Diverse exposure parameters applied in scientific reports and the unknown interacting mechanism of EMF with biological systems make EMF studies challenging. In 1985, Liboff proposed that when magnetic fields are tuned to the cyclotron resonance frequencies of critical ions, the motion of ions through cell membranes is enhanced, and thus biological effects appear. Such exposure system consists of a weak alternating magnetic field (B1 ) in the presence of a static magnetic field (B0 ) and depends on the relationship between the magnitudes of B0 and B1 and the angular frequency Ω. The purpose of the present study is to determine the chondrogenic potential of EMF with regards to pulsed EMF (PEMF) and the ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) theory. We used different stimulating systems to generate EMFs in which cells are either stimulated with ubiquitous PEMF parameters, frequently reported, or parameters tuned to satisfy the ICR for Ca2+ (including negative and positive control groups). Chondrogenesis was analysed after 3 weeks of treatment. Cell stimulation under the ICR condition showed positive results in the context of glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen synthesis. In contrast, the other electromagnetically stimulated groups showed no changes compared with the control groups. Furthermore, gene expression assays revealed an increase in the expression of chondrogenic markers (COL2A1, SOX9, and ACAN) in the ICR group. These results suggest that the Ca2+ ICR condition can be an effective factor in inducing chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanie Kavand
- Microsystems Laboratory, Institute of Microengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harald van Lintel
- Microsystems Laboratory, Institute of Microengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Renaud
- Microsystems Laboratory, Institute of Microengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Graceffa V, Vinatier C, Guicheux J, Stoddart M, Alini M, Zeugolis DI. Chasing Chimeras - The elusive stable chondrogenic phenotype. Biomaterials 2018; 192:199-225. [PMID: 30453216 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The choice of the best-suited cell population for the regeneration of damaged or diseased cartilage depends on the effectiveness of culture conditions (e.g. media supplements, three-dimensional scaffolds, mechanical stimulation, oxygen tension, co-culture systems) to induce stable chondrogenic phenotype. Herein, advances and shortfalls in in vitro, preclinical and clinical setting of various in vitro microenvironment modulators on maintaining chondrocyte phenotype or directing stem cells towards chondrogenic lineage are critically discussed. Chondrocytes possess low isolation efficiency, limited proliferative potential and rapid phenotypic drift in culture. Mesenchymal stem cells are relatively readily available, possess high proliferation potential, exhibit great chondrogenic differentiation capacity, but they tend to acquire a hypertrophic phenotype when exposed to chondrogenic stimuli. Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, despite their promising in vitro and preclinical data, are still under-investigated. Although a stable chondrogenic phenotype remains elusive, recent advances in in vitro microenvironment modulators are likely to develop clinically- and commercially-relevant therapies in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Graceffa
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Claire Vinatier
- INSERMU1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), University of Nantes, UFR Odontologie & CHU Nantes, PHU 4 OTONN, 44042 Nantes, France
| | - Jerome Guicheux
- INSERMU1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), University of Nantes, UFR Odontologie & CHU Nantes, PHU 4 OTONN, 44042 Nantes, France
| | - Martin Stoddart
- AO Research Institute, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.
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19
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Changes in phenotype and differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells aging in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:131. [PMID: 29751774 PMCID: PMC5948736 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great promise for regenerative medicine because of their self-renewal, multipotency, and trophic and immunosuppressive effects. Due to the rareness and high heterogeneity of freshly isolated MSCs, extensive in-vitro passage is required to expand their populations prior to clinical use; however, senescence usually accompanies and can potentially affect MSC characteristics and functionality. Therefore, a thorough characterization of the variations in phenotype and differentiation potential of in-vitro aging MSCs must be sought. Methods Human bone marrow-derived MSCs were passaged in vitro and cultivated with either DMEM-based or αMEM-based expansion media. Cells were prepared for subculture every 10 days up to passage 8 and were analyzed for cell morphology, proliferative capacity, and surface marker expression at the end of each passage. The gene expression profile and adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation capability of MSCs at early (passage 4) and late (passage 8) passages were also evaluated. Results In-vitro aging MSCs gradually lost the typical fibroblast-like spindle shape, leading to elevated morphological abnormality and inhomogeneity. While the DMEM-based expansion medium better facilitated MSC proliferation in the early passages, the cell population doubling rate reduced over time in both DMEM and αMEM groups. CD146 expression decreased with increasing passage number only when MSCs were cultured under the DMEM-based condition. Senescence also resulted in MSCs with genetic instability, which was further regulated by the medium recipe. Regardless of the expansion condition, MSCs at both passages 4 and 8 could differentiate into adipocyte-like cells whereas osteogenesis of aged MSCs was significantly compromised. For osteogenic induction, use of the αMEM-based expansion medium yielded longer osteogenesis and better quality. Conclusions Human MSCs subjected to extensive in-vitro passage can undergo morphological, phenotypic, and genetic changes. These properties are also modulated by the medium composition employed to expand the cell populations. In addition, adipogenic potential may be better preserved over osteogenesis in aged MSCs, suggesting that MSCs at early passages must be used for osteogenic differentiation. The current study presents valuable information for future basic science research and clinical applications leading to the development of novel MSC-based therapeutic strategies for different diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0876-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Chijimatsu R, Kobayashi M, Ebina K, Iwahashi T, Okuno Y, Hirao M, Fukuhara A, Nakamura N, Yoshikawa H. Impact of dexamethasone concentration on cartilage tissue formation from human synovial derived stem cells in vitro. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:819-829. [PMID: 29352392 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human synovial mesenchymal stem cells (hSMSCs) are a promising cell source for cartilage regeneration because of their superior chondrogenic potential in vitro. This study aimed to further optimize the conditions for inducing chondrogenesis of hSMSCs, focusing on the dose of dexamethasone in combination with transforming growth factor-β3 (TGFβ3) and/or bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2). When hSMSCs-derived aggregates were cultured with TGFβ3, dexamethasone up to 10 nM promoted chondrogenesis, but attenuated it with heterogeneous tissue formation when used at concentrations over than 100 nM. On the other hands, BMP2-induced chondrogenesis was remarkably disturbed in the presence of more than 10 nM dexamethasone along with unexpected adipogenic differentiation. In the presence of both TGFβ3 and BMP2, dexamethasone dose dependently promoted cartilaginous tissue formation as judged by tissue volume, proteoglycan content, and type 2 collagen expression, whereas few adipocytes were detected in the formed tissue when cultures were supplemented with over 100 nM dexamethasone. Even in chondrogenic conditions, dexamethasone thus affected hSMSCs differentiation not only toward chondrocytes, but also towards adipocytes dependent on the dose and combined growth factor. These findings have important implications regarding the use of glucocorticoids in in vitro tissue engineering for cartilage regeneration using hSMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Chijimatsu
- Graduate School of Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masato Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ebina
- Graduate School of Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Toru Iwahashi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Okuno
- Graduate School of Medicine, Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Hirao
- Graduate School of Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsunori Fukuhara
- Graduate School of Medicine, Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Medical Science in Sports, Osaka Health Science University, 1-9-27 Kita-ku Tenma, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshikawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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21
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Silk-based multilayered angle-ply annulus fibrosus construct to recapitulate form and function of the intervertebral disc. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 115:477-482. [PMID: 29282316 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715912115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recapitulation of the form and function of complex tissue organization using appropriate biomaterials impacts success in tissue engineering endeavors. The annulus fibrosus (AF) represents a complex, multilamellar, hierarchical structure consisting of collagen, proteoglycans, and elastic fibers. To mimic the intricacy of AF anatomy, a silk protein-based multilayered, disc-like angle-ply construct was fabricated, consisting of concentric layers of lamellar sheets. Scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence image analysis revealed cross-aligned and lamellar characteristics of the construct, mimicking the native hierarchical architecture of the AF. Induction of secondary structure in the silk constructs was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The constructs showed a compressive modulus of 499.18 ± 86.45 kPa. Constructs seeded with porcine AF cells and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) showed ∼2.2-fold and ∼1.7-fold increases in proliferation on day 14, respectively, compared with initial seeding. Biochemical analysis, histology, and immunohistochemistry results showed the deposition of AF-specific extracellular matrix (sulfated glycosaminoglycan and collagen type I), indicating a favorable environment for both cell types, which was further validated by the expression of AF tissue-specific genes. The constructs seeded with porcine AF cells showed ∼11-, ∼5.1-, and ∼6.7-fold increases in col Iα 1, sox 9, and aggrecan genes, respectively. The differentiation of hMSCs to AF-like tissue was evident from the enhanced expression of the AF-specific genes. Overall, the constructs supported cell proliferation, differentiation, and ECM deposition resulting in AF-like tissue features based on ECM deposition and morphology, indicating potential for future studies related to intervertebral disc replacement therapy.
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Abstract
Adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs), together with adipocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, are contained in fat tissue. ASCs, like the human bone marrow stromal/stem cells (BMSCs), can differentiate into several lineages (adipose cells, fibroblast, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, neuronal cells, endothelial cells, myocytes, and cardiomyocytes). They have also been shown to be immunoprivileged, and genetically stable in long-term cultures. Nevertheless, unlike the BMSCs, ASCs can be easily harvested in large amounts with minimal invasive procedures. The combination of these properties suggests that these cells may be a useful tool in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ciuffi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Zonefrati
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Islam A, Mbimba T, Younesi M, Akkus O. Effects of substrate stiffness on the tenoinduction of human mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biomater 2017; 58:244-253. [PMID: 28602855 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix modulus plays an important role in regulating cell morphology, proliferation and differentiation during regular and diseased states. Although the effects of substrate topography and modulus on MSC differentiation are well known with respect to osteogenesis and adipogenesis, there has been relatively little investigation on the effects of this phenomenon on tenogenesis. Furthermore, relative roles of topographical factors (matrix alignment vs. matrix modulus) in inducing tenogenic differentiation is not well understood. In this study we investigated the effects of modulus and topographical alignment of type I collagen substrate on tendon differentiation. Type I collagen sheet substrates with random topographical alignment were fabricated with their moduli tuned in the range of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100MPa by using electrocompaction and controlled crosslinking. In one of the groups, topographical alignment was introduced at 10MPa stiffness, by controlled unidirectional stretching of the sheet. RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence results showed that mimicking the tendon topography, i.e. increasing the substrate modulus as well as alignment increased the tenogenic differentiation. Higher substrate modulus increased the expression of COLI, COLIII, COMP and TSP-4 about 2-3-fold and increased the production of COLI, COLIII and TSP-4 about 2-4-fold. Substrate alignment up regulated COLIII and COMP expression by 2-fold. Therefore, the tenoinductive collagen material model developed in this study can be used in the research and development of tissue engineering tendon repair constructs in future. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Although the effects of substrate topography and modulus on MSC differentiation are well known with respect to osteogenesis and adipogenesis, there has been relatively little investigation on the effects of this phenomenon on tenogenesis. Furthermore, a relative role of topographical factors (matrix alignment vs. matrix modulus) in inducing tenogenic differentiation is not well understood. We investigated the effects of modulus and topographical alignment of type I collagen substrate on tendon differentiation. This study showed mimicking the tendon topography, i.e. increasing the substrate modulus as well as alignment increased the tenogenic differentiation. Therefore, the tenoinductive collagen material model developed in this study can be used in the research and development of tissue engineering tendon repair constructs in future.
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Harris E, Liu Y, Cunniffe G, Morrissey D, Carroll S, Mulhall K, Kelly DJ. Biofabrication of soft tissue templates for engineering the bone-ligament interface. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ella Harris
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Yurong Liu
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Grainne Cunniffe
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; School of Engineering; Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | | | - Simon Carroll
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; School of Engineering; Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Kevin Mulhall
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
| | - Daniel J. Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; School of Engineering; Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER); Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
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Yang J, Zhang YS, Yue K, Khademhosseini A. Cell-laden hydrogels for osteochondral and cartilage tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2017; 57:1-25. [PMID: 28088667 PMCID: PMC5545789 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite tremendous advances in the field of regenerative medicine, it still remains challenging to repair the osteochondral interface and full-thickness articular cartilage defects. This inefficiency largely originates from the lack of appropriate tissue-engineered artificial matrices that can replace the damaged regions and promote tissue regeneration. Hydrogels are emerging as a promising class of biomaterials for both soft and hard tissue regeneration. Many critical properties of hydrogels, such as mechanical stiffness, elasticity, water content, bioactivity, and degradation, can be rationally designed and conveniently tuned by proper selection of the material and chemistry. Particularly, advances in the development of cell-laden hydrogels have opened up new possibilities for cell therapy. In this article, we describe the problems encountered in this field and review recent progress in designing cell-hydrogel hybrid constructs for promoting the reestablishment of osteochondral/cartilage tissues. Our focus centers on the effects of hydrogel type, cell type, and growth factor delivery on achieving efficient chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. We give our perspective on developing next-generation matrices with improved physical and biological properties for osteochondral/cartilage tissue engineering. We also highlight recent advances in biomanufacturing technologies (e.g. molding, bioprinting, and assembly) for fabrication of hydrogel-based osteochondral and cartilage constructs with complex compositions and microarchitectures to mimic their native counterparts. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Despite tremendous advances in the field of regenerative medicine, it still remains challenging to repair the osteochondral interface and full-thickness articular cartilage defects. This inefficiency largely originates from the lack of appropriate tissue-engineered biomaterials that replace the damaged regions and promote tissue regeneration. Cell-laden hydrogel systems have emerged as a promising tissue-engineering platform to address this issue. In this article, we describe the fundamental problems encountered in this field and review recent progress in designing cell-hydrogel constructs for promoting the reestablishment of osteochondral/cartilage tissues. Our focus centers on the effects of hydrogel composition, cell type, and growth factor delivery on achieving efficient chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. We give our perspective on developing next-generation hydrogel/inorganic particle/stem cell hybrid composites with improved physical and biological properties for osteochondral/cartilage tissue engineering. We also highlight recent advances in biomanufacturing and bioengineering technologies (e.g. 3D bioprinting) for fabrication of hydrogel-based osteochondral and cartilage constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhou Yang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kan Yue
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia.
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Weiss-Bilka HE, McGann ME, Meagher MJ, Roeder RK, Wagner DR. Ectopic models for endochondral ossification: comparing pellet and alginate bead culture methods. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e541-e549. [PMID: 27690279 DOI: 10.1002/term.2324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Key aspects of native endochondral bone development and fracture healing can be mimicked in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through standard in vitro chondrogenic induction. Exploiting this phenomenon has recently emerged as an attractive technique to engineer bone tissue, however, relatively little is known about the best conditions for doing so. The objective of the present study was to compare the bone-forming capacity and angiogenic induction of hypertrophic cell constructs containing human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) primed for chondrogenesis in two different culture systems: high-density pellets and alginate bead hydrogels. The hASC constructs were subjected to 4 weeks of identical chondrogenic induction in vitro, encapsulated in an agarose carrier, and then implanted subcutaneously in immune-compromised mice for 8 weeks to evaluate their endochondral potential. At the time of implantation, both pellets and beads expressed aggrecan and type II collagen, as well as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and type X collagen. Interestingly, ASCs in pellets formed a matrix containing higher glycosaminoglycan and collagen contents than that in beads, and ALP activity per cell was higher in pellets. However, after 8 weeks in vivo, pellets and beads induced an equivalent volume of mineralized tissue and a comparable level of vascularization. Although osteocalcin and osteopontin-positive osteogenic tissue and new vascular growth was found within both types of constructs, all appeared to be better distributed throughout the hydrogel beads. The results of this ectopic model indicate that hydrogel culture may be an attractive alternative to cell pellets for bone tissue engineering via the endochondral pathway. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly E Weiss-Bilka
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Megan E McGann
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Matthew J Meagher
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Ryan K Roeder
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Diane R Wagner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Tan AR, Hung CT. Concise Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Functional Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Taking Cues from Chondrocyte-Based Constructs. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1295-1303. [PMID: 28177194 PMCID: PMC5442836 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis, the most prevalent form of joint disease, afflicts 9% of the U.S. population over the age of 30 and costs the economy nearly $100 billion annually in healthcare and socioeconomic costs. It is characterized by joint pain and dysfunction, though the pathophysiology remains largely unknown. Due to its avascular nature and limited cellularity, articular cartilage exhibits a poor intrinsic healing response following injury. As such, significant research efforts are aimed at producing engineered cartilage as a cell-based approach for articular cartilage repair. However, the knee joint is mechanically demanding, and during injury, also a milieu of harsh inflammatory agents. The unforgiving mechano-chemical environment requires tissue replacements that are capable of bearing such burdens. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cartilage tissue engineering has emerged as a promising cell source due to their ease of isolation, capacity to readily expand in culture, and ability to undergo lineage-specific differentiation into chondrocytes. However, to date, very few studies utilizing MSCs have successfully recapitulated the structural and functional properties of native cartilage, exposing the difficult process of uniformly differentiating stem cells into desired cell fates and maintaining the phenotype during in vitro culture and after in vivo implantation. To address these shortcomings, here, we present a concise review on modulating stem cell behavior, tissue development and function using well-developed techniques from chondrocyte-based cartilage tissue engineering. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1295-1303.
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Photocrosslinkable polyaspartamide/polylactide copolymer and its porous scaffolds for chondrocytes. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 76:794-801. [PMID: 28482592 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
With the aim to produce, by a simple and reproducible technique, porous scaffolds potentially employable for tissue engineering purposes, in this work, we have synthesized a methacrylate (MA) copolymer of α,β-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)-dl-aspartamide (PHEA) and polylactic acid (PLA). PHEA-PLA-MA has been dissolved in organic solvent at different concentrations in the presence of NaCl particles with different granulometry, and through UV irradiation and further salt leaching technique, various porous scaffolds have been prepared. Obtained samples have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy and their porosity has been evaluated as well as their degradation profile in aqueous medium in the absence or in the presence of esterase from porcine liver. PHEA-PLA-MA scaffold that has shown homogeneous porosity and the best degradation profile has been further characterized to study its mechanical properties along with its capacity to incorporate and to control the release of dexamethasone. Finally, the ability to allow a three-dimensional culture of bovine articular chondrocytes have been also investigated.
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Streit L, Jaros J, Sedlakova V, Sedlackova M, Drazan L, Svoboda M, Pospisil J, Vyska T, Vesely J, Hampl A. A Comprehensive In Vitro Comparison of Preparation Techniques for Fat Grafting. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 139:670e-682e. [PMID: 28234835 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000003124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipomodeling is a technique that uses the patient's own fat for tissue regeneration and augmentation. The extent of regenerative effect is reported to be determined by the numbers of adipose-derived stem cells and the viability of cells in processed adipose tissue which, together with other factors, influence the degree of graft retention. This study addresses whether differences exist in properties of fat graft obtained by three commonly used techniques. METHODS Adipose tissue harvested from the hypogastric regions of 14 patients was processed by decantation, centrifugation, and membrane-based tissue filtration. The morphology of each preparation was assessed by electron microscopy and overall cell viability was assessed by live/dead assay. The number of adipose-derived stem cells was determined and their stem cell character was assessed by the presence of cell surface molecules (i.e., CD105, CD90, CD31, and CD45) and by their capacity to differentiate into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. RESULTS First, morphologies of processed fat samples obtained by individual procedures differed, but no preparation caused obvious damage to cellular or acellular components. Second, although the highest numbers of adipose-derived stem cells were contained in the upper fraction of centrifuged lipoaspirates, the difference between preparations was marginal. Third, the maximal concentration of adipose fraction (removal of watery component) of lipoaspirate was achieved by membrane-based tissue filtration. Finally, no significant differences in overall viability were detected. CONCLUSIONS Properties of processed lipoaspirate were influenced by the preparation procedure. However, the differences were not dramatic; both centrifugation and membrane-based filtration are methods of choice whose selection depends on other criteria (e.g., practicality) for individual surgical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Streit
- Brno, Czech Republic
- From the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery and the International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; and the Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, and the Institute of Biostatistics and Analysis, Masaryk University
| | - Josef Jaros
- Brno, Czech Republic
- From the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery and the International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; and the Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, and the Institute of Biostatistics and Analysis, Masaryk University
| | - Veronika Sedlakova
- Brno, Czech Republic
- From the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery and the International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; and the Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, and the Institute of Biostatistics and Analysis, Masaryk University
| | - Miroslava Sedlackova
- Brno, Czech Republic
- From the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery and the International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; and the Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, and the Institute of Biostatistics and Analysis, Masaryk University
| | - Lubos Drazan
- Brno, Czech Republic
- From the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery and the International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; and the Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, and the Institute of Biostatistics and Analysis, Masaryk University
| | - Michal Svoboda
- Brno, Czech Republic
- From the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery and the International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; and the Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, and the Institute of Biostatistics and Analysis, Masaryk University
| | - Jakub Pospisil
- Brno, Czech Republic
- From the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery and the International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; and the Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, and the Institute of Biostatistics and Analysis, Masaryk University
| | - Tomas Vyska
- Brno, Czech Republic
- From the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery and the International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; and the Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, and the Institute of Biostatistics and Analysis, Masaryk University
| | - Jiri Vesely
- Brno, Czech Republic
- From the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery and the International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; and the Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, and the Institute of Biostatistics and Analysis, Masaryk University
| | - Ales Hampl
- Brno, Czech Republic
- From the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery and the International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; and the Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, and the Institute of Biostatistics and Analysis, Masaryk University
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Jang Y, Jung H, Ju JH. Chondrogenic Differentiation Induction of Adipose-derived Stem Cells by Centrifugal Gravity. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28287507 DOI: 10.3791/54934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired cartilage cannot heal naturally. Currently, the most advanced therapy for defects in cartilage is the transplantation of chondrocytes differentiated from stem cells using cytokines. Unfortunately, cytokine-induced chondrogenic differentiation is costly, time-consuming, and associated with a high risk of contamination during in vitro differentiation. However, biomechanical stimuli also serve as crucial regulatory factors for chondrogenesis. For example, mechanical stress can induce chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for the repair of impaired cartilage. In this study, we demonstrated that centrifugal gravity (CG, 2,400 × g), a mechanical stress easily applied by centrifugation, induced the upregulation of sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 9 (SOX9) in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), causing them to express chondrogenic phenotypes. The centrifuged ASCs expressed higher levels of chondrogenic differentiation markers, such as aggrecan (ACAN), collagen type 2 alpha 1 (COL2A1), and collagen type 1 (COL1), but lower levels of collagen type 10 (COL10), a marker of hypertrophic chondrocytes. In addition, chondrogenic aggregate formation, a prerequisite for chondrogenesis, was observed in centrifuged ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsue Jang
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Division of Rheumatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Hyerin Jung
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Division of Rheumatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Division of Rheumatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea;
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31
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Jang Y, Jung H, Nam Y, Rim YA, Kim J, Jeong SH, Ju JH. Centrifugal gravity-induced BMP4 induces chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells via SOX9 upregulation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:184. [PMID: 27931264 PMCID: PMC5144493 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cartilage does not have the capability to regenerate itself. Therefore, stem cell transplantation is a promising therapeutic approach for impaired cartilage. For stem cell transplantation, in vitro enrichment is required; however, stem cells not only become senescent but also lose their differentiation potency during this process. In addition, cytokines are normally used for chondrogenic differentiation induction of stem cells, which is highly expensive and needs an additional step to culture. In this study, we introduced a novel method to induce chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), which are more readily available than bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(bMSCs), using centrifugal gravity (CG). Methods ASCs were stimulated by loading different degrees of CG (0, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, and 3600 g) to induce chondrogenic differentiation. The expression of chondrogenic differentiation-related genes was examined by RT-PCR, real-time PCR, and western blot analyses. The chondrogenic differentiation of ASCs stimulated with CG was evaluated by comparing the expression of positive markers [aggrecan (ACAN) and collagen type II alpha 1 (COL2A1)] and negative markers (COL1 and COL10) with that in ASCs stimulated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 using micromass culture, immunofluorescence, and staining (Alcian Blue and Safranin O). Results Expression of SOX9 and SOX5 was upregulated by CG (2400 g for 30 min). Increased expression of ACAN and COL2A1 (positive markers) was detected in monolayer-cultured ASCs after CG stimulation, whereas that of COL10 (a negative marker) was not. Expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4, an upstream stimulator of SOX9, was upregulated by CG, which was inhibited by Dorsomorphin (an inhibitor of BMP4). Increased expression of proteoglycan, a major component of cartilage, was confirmed in the micromass culture of ASCs stimulated with CG by Alcian Blue and Safranin O staining. Conclusions Chondrogenic differentiation of ASCs can be induced by optimized CG (2400 g for 30 min). Expression of SOX9 is upregulated by CG via increased expression of BMP4. CG has a similar ability to induce SOX9 expression as TGF-β1. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-016-0445-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsue Jang
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - Hyerin Jung
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - Yoojun Nam
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - Yeri Alice Rim
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - Juryun Kim
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Jeong
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea. .,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea.
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Hoffmann A, Floerkemeier T, Melzer C, Hass R. Comparison of in vitro-cultivation of human mesenchymal stroma/stem cells derived from bone marrow and umbilical cord. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2565-2581. [PMID: 27125777 DOI: 10.1002/term.2153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell-mediated therapy is currently considered as a novel approach for many human diseases. Potential uses range from topic applications with the regeneration of confined tissue areas to systemic applications. Stem cells including mesenchymal stroma/stem cells (MSCs) represent a highly attractive option. Their potential to cure or alleviate human diseases is investigated in a number of clinical trials. A wide variety of methods has been established in the past years for isolation, cultivation and characterization of human MSCs as expansion is presently deemed a prerequisite for clinical application with high numbers of cells carrying reproducible properties. MSCs have been retrieved from various tissues and used in a multitude of settings whereby numerous experimental protocols are available for expansion of MSCs in vitro. Accordingly, different isolation, culture and upscaling techniques contribute to the heterogeneity of MSC characteristics and the, sometimes, controversial results. Therefore, this review discusses and summarizes certain experimental conditions for MSC in vitro culture focusing on adult bone marrow-derived and neonatal umbilical cord-derived MSCs in order to enhance our understanding for MSC tissue sources and to stratify different procedures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hoffmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, OE 8893, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thilo Floerkemeier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (Annastift), OE 6270, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Catharina Melzer
- Biochemistry and Tumour Biology Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, OE 6411, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf Hass
- Biochemistry and Tumour Biology Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, OE 6411, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Applications. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:6737345. [PMID: 27057174 PMCID: PMC4761677 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6737345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are a mesenchymal stem cell source with properties of self-renewal and multipotential differentiation. Compared to bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs), ASCs can be derived from more sources and are harvested more easily. Three-dimensional (3D) tissue engineering scaffolds are better able to mimic the in vivo cellular microenvironment, which benefits the localization, attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of ASCs. Therefore, tissue-engineered ASCs are recognized as an attractive substitute for tissue and organ transplantation. In this paper, we review the characteristics of ASCs, as well as the biomaterials and tissue engineering methods used to proliferate and differentiate ASCs in a 3D environment. Clinical applications of tissue-engineered ASCs are also discussed to reveal the potential and feasibility of using tissue-engineered ASCs in regenerative medicine.
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Li Y, Liu T, Van Halm-Lutterodt N, Chen J, Su Q, Hai Y. Reprogramming of blood cells into induced pluripotent stem cells as a new cell source for cartilage repair. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:31. [PMID: 26883322 PMCID: PMC4756426 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An attempt was made to reprogram peripheral blood cells into human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSCs) as a new cell source for cartilage repair. Methods We generated chondrogenic lineage from human peripheral blood via hiPSCs using an integration-free method. Peripheral blood cells were either obtained from a human blood bank or freshly collected from volunteers. After transforming peripheral blood cells into iPSCs, the newly derived iPSCs were further characterized through karyotype analysis, pluripotency gene expression and cell differentiation ability. iPSCs were differentiated through multiple steps, including embryoid body formation, hiPSC-mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like cell expansion, and chondrogenic induction for 21 days. Chondrocyte phenotype was then assessed by morphological, histological and biochemical analysis, as well as the chondrogenic expression. Results hiPSCs derived from peripheral blood cells were successfully generated, and were characterized by fluorescent immunostaining of pluripotent markers and teratoma formation in vivo. Flow cytometric analysis showed that MSC markers CD73 and CD105 were present in monolayer cultured hiPSC–MSC-like cells. Both alcian blue and toluidine blue staining of hiPSC–MSC-chondrogenic pellets showed as positive. Immunohistochemistry of collagen II and X staining of the pellets were also positive. The sulfated glycosaminoglycan content was significantly increased, and the expression levels of the chondrogenic markers COL2, COL10, COL9 and AGGRECAN were significantly higher in chondrogenic pellets than in undifferentiated cells. These results indicated that peripheral blood cells could be a potential source for differentiation into chondrogenic lineage in vitro via generation of mesenchymal progenitor cells. Conclusions This study supports the potential applications of utilizing peripheral blood cells in generating seed cells for cartilage regenerative medicine in a patient-specific and cost-effective approach. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-016-0290-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Li
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Tie Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, GongTiNanLu 8#, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Nicholas Van Halm-Lutterodt
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, GongTiNanLu 8#, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - JiaYu Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qingjun Su
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, GongTiNanLu 8#, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Yong Hai
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, GongTiNanLu 8#, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Tangtrongsup S, Kisiday JD. Effects of Dexamethasone Concentration and Timing of Exposure on Chondrogenesis of Equine Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cartilage 2016; 7:92-103. [PMID: 26958321 PMCID: PMC4749745 DOI: 10.1177/1947603515595263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dexamethasone is known to support mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) chondrogenesis, although the effects of dose and timing of exposure are not well understood. The objective of this study was to investigate these variables using a laboratory model of MSC chondrogenesis. DESIGN Equine MSCs were encapsulated in agarose and cultured in chondrogenic medium with 1 or 100 nM dexamethasone, or without dexamethasone, for 15 days. Samples were analyzed for extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, prostaglandin E2 and alkaline phosphatase secretion, and gene expression of selected collagens and catabolic enzymes. Timing of exposure was evaluated by ECM accumulation after dexamethasone was withdrawn over the first 6 days, or withheld for up to 3 or 6 days of culture. RESULTS ECM accumulation was not significantly different between 1 and 100 nM dexamethasone, but was suppressed ~40% in dexamethasone-free cultures. Prostaglandin E2 secretion, and expression of catabolic enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinase 13, and type X collagen was generally lowest in 100 nM dexamethasone and not significantly different between 1 nM and dexamethasone-free cultures. Dexamethasone could be withheld for at least 2 days without affecting ECM accumulation, while withdrawal studies suggested that dexamethasone supports ECM accumulation beyond day 6. CONCLUSION One nanomolar dexamethasone supported robust cartilage-like ECM accumulation despite not having an effect on markers of inflammation, although higher concentrations of dexamethasone may be necessary to suppress undesirable hypertrophic differentiation. While early exposure to dexamethasone was not critical, sustained exposure of at least a week appears to be necessary to maximize ECM accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwimol Tangtrongsup
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - John D. Kisiday
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA,John D. Kisiday, Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Dang PN, Dwivedi N, Yu X, Phillips L, Bowerman C, Murphy WL, Alsberg E. Guiding Chondrogenesis and Osteogenesis with Mineral-Coated Hydroxyapatite and BMP-2 Incorporated within High-Density hMSC Aggregates for Bone Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 2:30-42. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong N. Dang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Wickenden
218, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Neha Dwivedi
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Wickenden
218, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Xiaohua Yu
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin, Room 5405, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Lauren Phillips
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Wickenden
218, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Caitlin Bowerman
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Wickenden
218, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - William L. Murphy
- Departments
of Biomedical Engineering and Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Wisconsin
Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin, Room 5405, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Departments
of Biomedical Engineering and Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Dang PN, Solorio LD, Alsberg E. Driving cartilage formation in high-density human adipose-derived stem cell aggregate and sheet constructs without exogenous growth factor delivery. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 20:3163-75. [PMID: 24873753 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An attractive cell source for cartilage tissue engineering, human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) can be easily expanded and signaled to differentiate into chondrocytes. This study explores the influence of growth factor distribution and release kinetics on cartilage formation within 3D hASC constructs incorporated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-loaded gelatin microspheres. The amounts of microspheres, TGF-β1 concentration, and polymer degradation rate were varied within hASC aggregates. Microsphere and TGF-β1 loading concentrations were identified that resulted in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production comparable to those of control aggregates cultured in TGF-β1-containing medium. Self-assembling hASC sheets were then engineered for the production of larger, more clinically relevant constructs. Chondrogenesis was observed in hASC-only sheets cultured with exogenous TGF-β1 at 3 weeks. Importantly, sheets with incorporated TGF-β1-loaded microspheres achieved GAG production similar to sheets treated with exogenous TGF-β1. Cartilage formation was confirmed histologically via observation of cartilage-like morphology and GAG staining. This is the first demonstration of the self-assembly of hASCs into high-density cell sheets capable of forming cartilage in the presence of exogenous TGF-β1 or with TGF-β1-releasing microspheres. Microsphere incorporation may bypass the need for extended in vitro culture, potentially enabling hASC sheets to be implanted more rapidly into defects to regenerate cartilage in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong N Dang
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
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Differentiation Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma Concentrations on Synovial Fluid Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Pigs Cultivated in Alginate Complex Hydrogel. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:18507-21. [PMID: 26262616 PMCID: PMC4581257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160818507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This article studied the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the potential of synovial fluid mesenchymal stem cells (SF-MSCs) to differentiate. The PRP and SF-MSCs were obtained from the blood and knees of pigs, respectively. The identification of SF-MSCs and their ability to differentiate were studied by histological and surface epitopes, respectively. The SF-MSCs can undergo trilineage mesenchymal differentiation under osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipocyte induction. The effects of various PRP concentrations (0%, 20% and 50% PRP) on differentiation were evaluated using the SF-MSCs-alginate system, such as gene expression and DNA proliferation. A 50% PRP concentration yielded better differentiation than the 20% PRP concentration. PRP favored the chondrogenesis of SF-MSCs over their osteogenesis in a manner that depended on the ratios of type II collagen/type I collagen and aggrecan/osteopontin. Eventually, PRP promoted the proliferation of SF-MSCs and induced chondrogenic differentiation of SF-MSCs in vitro. Both PRP and SF-MSCs could be feasibly used in regenerative medicine and orthopedic surgeries.
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Pustlauk W, Paul B, Brueggemeier S, Gelinsky M, Bernhardt A. Modulation of chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in jellyfish collagen scaffolds by cell density and culture medium. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:1710-1722. [PMID: 26178016 DOI: 10.1002/term.2065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Studies on tissue-engineering approaches for the regeneration of traumatized cartilage focus increasingly on multipotent human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) as an alternative to autologous chondrocytes. The present study applied porous scaffolds made of collagen from the jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum for the in vitro chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Culture conditions in those scaffolds differ from conditions in high-density pellet cultures, making a re-examination of these data necessary. We systematically investigated the influence of seeding density, basic culture media [Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), α-minimum essential medium (α-MEM)] with varying glucose content and supplementation with fetal calf serum (FCS) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) on the chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Gene expression analyses of selected markers for chondrogenic differentiation and hypertrophic development were conducted. Furthermore, the production of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) was analysed by quantification of sulphated glycosaminoglycan and collagen type II contents. The strongest upregulation of chondrogenic markers, along with the highest ECM deposition was observed in scaffolds seeded with 2.4 × 106 cells/cm3 after cultivation in high-glucose DMEM and 0.125% BSA. Lower seeding densities compared to high-density pellet cultures were sufficient to induce in vitro chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs in collagen scaffolds, which reduces the amount of cells required for the seeding of scaffolds and thus the monolayer expansion period. Furthermore, examination of the impact of FCS and α-MEM on chondrogenic MSC differentiation is an important prerequisite for the development of an osteochondral medium for simultaneous osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation in biphasic scaffolds for osteochondral tissue regeneration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Pustlauk
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital, and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - B Paul
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital, and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - S Brueggemeier
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital, and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - M Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital, and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - A Bernhardt
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital, and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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Griffin M, Kalaskar DM, Butler PE, Seifalian AM. The use of adipose stem cells in cranial facial surgery. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2015; 10:671-85. [PMID: 24913279 PMCID: PMC4167434 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Craniofacial malformations, have devastating psychosocial implications for many adults and children and causes huge socioeconomic burden. Currently craniofacial defects require soft tissue transfer, bone grafting techniques or difficult procedures such as microvascular free flaps. Such tissues are often limited in quantity, their harvest causes secondary large donor site defects and they lack the capability to fully restore previous form and function. Stem cell technology is being utilised for various tissue and organs of the body and consequently surgeons are eager to transfer these principles for craniofacial surgery. Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) are an exciting stem cell source for craniofacial surgeons due to their easy and painless isolation, relatively large abundance and familiarity with the harvesting procedure. ADSCs also have multiple desirable properties including adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic potential, enhancement of angiogenesis and immunodulatory function. Due to these advantageous characteristics, ASDCs have been explored to repair craniofacial bone, soft tissue and cartilage. The desirable characteristics of ADSCs for craniofacial surgical applications will be explained. We report the experimental and clinical studies that have explored the use of ADSCs for bone, cartilage and soft tissue craniofacial defects. We conclude by establishing the key questions that are preventing the clinical application of ADSCs for craniofacial surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Griffin
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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A 3D Porous Gelatin-Alginate-Based-IPN Acts as an Efficient Promoter of Chondrogenesis from Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:252909. [PMID: 26106422 PMCID: PMC4461772 DOI: 10.1155/2015/252909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage has limited regeneration potential. Thus, there is an imperative need to develop new strategies for cartilage tissue engineering (CTE) amenable for clinical use. Recent CTE approaches rely on optimal cell-scaffold interactions, which require a great deal of optimization. In this study we attempt to build a novel gelatin- (G-) alginate- (A-) polyacrylamide (PAA) 3D interpenetrating network (IPN) with superior performance in promoting chondrogenesis from human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs). We show that our G-A-PAA scaffold is capable of supporting hADSCs proliferation and survival, with no apparent cytotoxic effect. Moreover, we find that after exposure to prochondrogenic conditions a key transcription factor known to induce chondrogenesis, namely, Sox9, is highly expressed in our hADSCs/G-A-PAA bioconstruct, along with cartilage specific markers such as collagen type II, CEP68, and COMP extracellular matrix (ECM) components. These data suggest that our G-A-PAA structural properties and formulation might enable hADSCs conversion towards functional chondrocytes. We conclude that our novel G-A-PAA biomatrix is a good candidate for prospective in vivo CTE applications.
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42
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Kapur SK, Dos-Anjos Vilaboa S, Llull R, Katz AJ. Adipose Tissue and Stem/Progenitor Cells. Clin Plast Surg 2015; 42:155-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cps.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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43
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Beane OS, Fonseca VC, Cooper LL, Koren G, Darling EM. Impact of aging on the regenerative properties of bone marrow-, muscle-, and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115963. [PMID: 25541697 PMCID: PMC4277426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are promising cell sources for regenerative therapies due to their multipotency and ready availability, but their application can be complicated by patient-specific factors like age or illness. MSCs have been investigated for the treatment of many musculoskeletal disorders, including osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Due to the prevalence of these diseases in older populations, researchers have studied how aging affects MSC properties and have found that proliferation and differentiation potential are impaired. However, these effects have never been compared among MSCs isolated from multiple tissue sources in the same, healthy donor. Revealing differences in how MSCs are affected by age could help identify an optimal cell source for musculoskeletal therapies targeting older patients. MSCs were isolated from young and old rabbit bone marrow, muscle, and adipose tissue. Cell yield and viability were quantified after isolation procedures, and expansion properties were assessed using assays for proliferation, senescence, and colony formation. Multipotency was also examined using lineage-specific stains and spectrophotometry of metabolites. Results were compared between age groups and among MSC sources. Results showed that MSCs are differentially influenced by aging, with bone marrow-derived stem cells having impaired proliferation, senescence, and chondrogenic response, whereas muscle-derived stem cells and adipose-derived stem cells exhibited no negative effects. While age reduced overall cell yield and adipogenic potential of all MSC populations, osteogenesis and clonogenicity remained unchanged. These findings indicate the importance of age as a factor when designing cell-based therapies for older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia S. Beane
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Vera C. Fonseca
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Leroy L. Cooper
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Gideon Koren
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Eric M. Darling
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lee CSD, Nicolini AM, Watkins EA, Burnsed OA, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Adipose stem cell microbeads as production sources for chondrogenic growth factors. J Stem Cells Regen Med 2014. [PMID: 25705097 PMCID: PMC4329461 DOI: 10.46582/jsrm.1002007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Microencapsulating stem cells in injectable microbeads can enhance delivery and localization, but their ability to act as growth factor production sources is still unknown. To address this concern, growth factor mRNA levels and production from alginate microbeads with encapsulated human adipose stem cells (ASC microbeads) cultured in both growth and chondrogenic media (GM and CM) were measured over a two week period. Human ASCs in microbeads were either commercially purchased (Lonza) or isolated from six human donors and compared to human ASCs on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). The effects of crosslinking and alginate compositions on growth factor mRNA levels and production were also determined. Secretion profiles of IGF-I, TGF-β3 and VEGF-A from commercial human ASC microbeads were linear and at a significantly higher rate than TCPS cultures over two weeks. For human ASCs derived from different donors, microencapsulation increased pthlh and both IGF-I and TGF-β3 secretion. CM decreased fgf2 and VEGF-A secretion from ASC microbeads derived from the same donor population. Crosslinking microbeads in BaCl2 instead of CaCl2 did not eliminate microencapsulation’s beneficial effects, but did decrease IGF-I production. Increasing the guluronate content of the alginate microbead increased IGF-I retention. Decreasing alginate molecular weight eliminated the effects microencapsulation had on increasing IGF-I secretion. This study demonstrated that microencapsulation can enhance chondrogenic growth factor production and that chondrogenic medium treatment can decrease angiogenic growth factor production from ASCs, making these cells a potential source for paracrine factors that can stimulate cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S D Lee
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Elyse A Watkins
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Olivia A Burnsed
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, GA, USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA, USA ; Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, TX, USA
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Engineering TGF-β superfamily ligands for clinical applications. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2014; 35:648-57. [PMID: 25458539 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
TGF-β superfamily ligands govern normal tissue development and homeostasis, and their dysfunction is a hallmark of many diseases. These ligands are also well defined both structurally and functionally. This review focuses on TGF-β superfamily ligand engineering for therapeutic purposes, in particular for regenerative medicine and musculoskeletal disorders. We describe the key discovery that structure-guided mutation of receptor-binding epitopes, especially swapping of these epitopes between ligands, results in new ligands with unique functional properties that can be harnessed clinically. Given the promising results with prototypical engineered TGF-β superfamily ligands, and the vast number of such molecules that remain to be produced and tested, this strategy is likely to hold great promise for the development of new biologics.
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46
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Marble HD, Sutermaster BA, Kanthilal M, Fonseca VC, Darling EM. Gene expression-based enrichment of live cells from adipose tissue produces subpopulations with improved osteogenic potential. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:145. [PMID: 25287061 PMCID: PMC4619280 DOI: 10.1186/scrt502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stem cells have been increasingly used for cell-based therapies. Adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) from the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of fat tissue are a particularly attractive option for cell based therapy given their accessibility and relative abundance. However, their application in both clinical and basic science investigations is complicated by the isolation of differentiable cells within the SVF. Current enrichment strategies, such as monolayer passaging and surface marker-based sorting, can be time-consuming or overly stringent. Ideally, a population of cells with great regenerative capacity could be isolated with high yields so that extensive in vitro manipulation is not necessary. The objective of this study was to determine whether SVF cells sorted based on expression of alkaline phosphatase liver/bone/kidney (ALPL) resulted in populations with increased osteogenic differentiation potential. Methods SVF samples were obtained from four, human donors and processed to isolate initial, heterogeneous cell populations. These SVF cells underwent a four day osteogenic priming period, after which they were treated with a fluorescent, oligodeoxynucleotide molecular beacon probe specific for ALPL mRNA. Cells were separated into positive and negative groups using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) then differentiated down the osteogenic lineage. Differentiation was assessed by measuring calcified matrix production in each sample. Results Cells positive for ALPL expression (ALPL+) represented approximately 34% of the gated population, while cells negative for ALPL expression (ALPL-) represented approximately 18%. ALPL+ cells produced 3.7-fold and 2.1-fold more calcified matrix than ALPL- and unsorted SVF cells, respectively, indicating a significant improvement in osteogenic differentiation. Further, ALPL+ cells showed increases in metabolite production for both adipogenesis and chondrogenesis, suggesting that the enrichment process yields an enhanced multipotent phenotype. Osteogenic differentiation response and cell yields for ALPL+ cells were markedly improved over surface marker-sorted samples. Conclusion This study demonstrates a novel method to enrich heterogeneous SVF cells for increased osteogenic potential. The procedure requires less time and results in higher yields of therapeutically useful cells than other existing approaches. Gene expression-based sorting of MSCs is a potentially paradigm-shifting approach that could benefit applications spanning from basic science to clinical therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/scrt502) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Proliferation and differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) into osteoblastic lineage are passage dependent. Inflamm Res 2014; 63:907-17. [PMID: 25098205 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-014-0764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effect of in vitro expansion of human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) on stem cell properties is controversial. We examined serial subcultivation with expansion on the ability of ASCs to grow and differentiate into osteoblastic lineages. DESIGN Flow cytometric analysis, growth kinetics, cell population doubling time, light microscopy and confocal analysis, and osteogenesis induction were performed to assess growth and osteogenic potential of subcultivated ASCs at passages 2 (P2), P4 and P6. RESULTS Flow cytometric analysis revealed that ASCs at P2 express classical mesenchymal stem cell markers including CD44, CD73, and CD105, but not CD14, CD19, CD34, CD45, or HLA-DR. Calcium deposition and alkaline phosphatase activity were the highest at P2 but completely abrogated at P4. Increased passage number impaired cell growth; P2 cultures exhibited exponential growth, while cells at P4 and P6 showed near linear growth with cell population doubling times increased from 3.2 at P2 to 4.8 d at P6. Morphologically, cells in various subcultivation stages showed flattened shape at low density but spindle-like structures at confluency as judged by phalloidin staining. CONCLUSIONS Osteogenic potential of ASCs is impaired by successive passaging and may not serve as a useful clinical source of osteogenic ASCs past P2.
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Wang T, Lai JH, Han LH, Tong X, Yang F. Chondrogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells in Combinatorial Hydrogels Containing Cartilage Matrix Proteins with Decoupled Mechanical Stiffness. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:2131-9. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Janice H. Lai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Li-Hsin Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Xinming Tong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Beane OS, Fonseca VC, Darling EM. Adipose-derived stem cells retain their regenerative potential after methotrexate treatment. Exp Cell Res 2014; 327:222-33. [PMID: 24992046 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In musculoskeletal tissues like bone, chemotherapy can impair progenitor cell differentiation and proliferation, resulting in decreased bone growth and mineralization throughout a patient׳s lifetime. In the current study, we investigated the effects of chemotherapeutics on adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) function to determine whether this cell source could be a candidate for repairing, or even preventing, chemotherapy-induced tissue damage. Dose-dependent proliferation rates of ASCs and normal human fibroblasts (NHFs) were quantified after treatment with cytarabine (CY), etoposide (ETO), methotrexate (MTX), and vincristine (VIN) using a fluorescence-based assay. The influence of MTX on the multipotency of ASCs and freshly isolated stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells was also evaluated using lineage-specific stains and spectrophotometry. ASC and NHF proliferation were equally inhibited by exposure to CY and ETO; however, when treated with MTX and VIN, ASCs exhibited greater resistance. This was especially apparent for MTX-treated samples, with ASC proliferation showing no inhibition for clinically relevant MTX doses ranging from 0.1 to 50 μM. Additional experiments revealed that the differentiation potential of ASCs was not affected by MTX treatment and that upregulation of dihydrofolate reductase possibly contributed to this response. Moreover, SVF cells, which include ASCs, exhibited similar resistance to MTX impairment, with respect to cellular proliferation, clonogenicity, and differentiation capability. Therefore, we have shown that the regenerative properties of ASCs resist the cytotoxicity of MTX, identifying these cells as a potential key for repairing musculoskeletal damage in patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia S Beane
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Vera C Fonseca
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, & Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Eric M Darling
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, & Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Kabiri A, Esfandiari E, Esmaeili A, Hashemibeni B, Pourazar A, Mardani M. Platelet-rich plasma application in chondrogenesis. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:138. [PMID: 25161985 PMCID: PMC4139981 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.135156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), an autologous derivative of whole blood, has been recently used in surgical treatment. PRP contains growth factors including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and also bioactive proteins that influence the healing of tendon, ligament, muscle, and bone. This article describes the current clinical applications of PRP in chondrogenesis. This study reviews and evaluates the studies that have been published in the field of chondrogenesis. All aspects of using PRP in chondrogenesis are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Kabiri
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Paramedical School, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Langeroud, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Esfandiari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Esmaeili
- Department of Biology, Molecular and Developmental Division, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Batool Hashemibeni
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Pourazar
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mardani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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