1
|
Tissue Engineering Supporting Regenerative Strategies to Enhance Clinical Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics: A Scoping, Perspective Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030795. [PMID: 36979774 PMCID: PMC10045353 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The personalized regenerative therapeutic strategies applicable in the structural and functional repair of maxillofacial/dental defects are expected to extend beyond the limits of what is currently possible in the management of dentofacial anomalies and treating malocclusions. The application of undifferentiated stem cells (SCs), including signaling molecule control and individualized tissue engineering based on targeted therapies, has been proposed to overcome therapeutic limitations and complications associated with treatments for craniofacial defects, including severe orthodontic discrepancies. This scoping, prospective review discusses comprehensively the current knowledge and prospects for improving clinical outcomes by the application of novel cell-required and cell-free regenerative strategies in biomedicine. The existing evidence, although scant, suggests that patients receiving an orthodontic treatment could benefit from precise tissue augmentation, allowing enhancement of tooth movement generated by orthognathic forces; faster, more predictable alignment of dental arches; optimal management of periodontal complications; and prevention of external root resorption. Ultimately, enriching orofacial tissues and “customizing” the repair of congenital/acquired defects in the craniofacial region can be vastly enhanced to provide a positive therapeutic outcome and improve patients’ quality of life.
Collapse
|
2
|
Korntner SH, Jana A, Kinnard E, Leo E, Beane T, Li X, Sengupta R, Becker L, Kuo CK. Craniofacial tendon development—Characterization of extracellular matrix morphology and spatiotemporal protein distribution. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:944126. [PMID: 36158210 PMCID: PMC9490420 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.944126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial (CF) tendons are often affected by traumatic injuries and painful disorders that can severely compromise critical jaw functions, such as mastication and talking. Unfortunately, tendons lack the ability to regenerate, and there are no solutions to restore their native properties or function. An understanding of jaw tendon development could inform tendon regeneration strategies to restore jaw function, however CF tendon development has been relatively unexplored. Using the chick embryo, we identified the jaw-closing Tendon of the musculus Adductor Mandibulae Externus (TmAM) and the jaw-opening Tendon of the musculus Depressor Mandibulae (TmDM) that have similar functions to the masticatory tendons in humans. Using histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses, we characterized the TmAM and TmDM on the basis of cell and extracellular matrix (ECM) morphology and spatiotemporal protein distribution from early to late embryonic development. The TmAM and TmDM were detectable as early as embryonic day (d) 9 based on histological staining and tenascin-C (TNC) protein distribution. Collagen content increased and became more organized, cell density decreased, and cell nuclei elongated over time during development in both the TmAM and TmDM. The TmAM and TmDM exhibited similar spatiotemporal patterns for collagen type III (COL3), but differential spatiotemporal patterns for TNC, lysyl oxidase (LOX), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Our results demonstrate markers that play a role in limb tendon formation are also present in jaw tendons during embryonic development, implicate COL3, TNC, LOX, MMP2, and MMP9 in jaw tendon development, and suggest TmAM and TmDM possess different developmental programs. Taken together, our study suggests the chick embryo may be used as a model with which to study CF tendon extracellular matrix development, the results of which could ultimately inform therapeutic approaches for CF tendon injuries and disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie H. Korntner
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Aniket Jana
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Elizabeth Kinnard
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Emily Leo
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Timothy Beane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Xianmu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Rohit Sengupta
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Lauren Becker
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Catherine K. Kuo
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Catherine K. Kuo,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Y, Fraser D, Mereness J, Van Hove A, Basu S, Newman M, Benoit DSW. Tissue Engineered Neurovascularization Strategies for Craniofacial Tissue Regeneration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:20-39. [PMID: 35014834 PMCID: PMC9016342 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Craniofacial tissue injuries, diseases, and defects, including those within bone, dental, and periodontal tissues and salivary glands, impact an estimated 1 billion patients globally. Craniofacial tissue dysfunction significantly reduces quality of life, and successful repair of damaged tissues remains a significant challenge. Blood vessels and nerves are colocalized within craniofacial tissues and act synergistically during tissue regeneration. Therefore, the success of craniofacial regenerative approaches is predicated on successful recruitment, regeneration, or integration of both vascularization and innervation. Tissue engineering strategies have been widely used to encourage vascularization and, more recently, to improve innervation through host tissue recruitment or prevascularization/innervation of engineered tissues. However, current scaffold designs and cell or growth factor delivery approaches often fail to synergistically coordinate both vascularization and innervation to orchestrate successful tissue regeneration. Additionally, tissue engineering approaches are typically investigated separately for vascularization and innervation. Since both tissues act in concert to improve craniofacial tissue regeneration outcomes, a revised approach for development of engineered materials is required. This review aims to provide an overview of neurovascularization in craniofacial tissues and strategies to target either process thus far. Finally, key design principles are described for engineering approaches that will support both vascularization and innervation for successful craniofacial tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - David Fraser
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States.,Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14620, United States.,Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Jared Mereness
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States.,Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Amy Van Hove
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Sayantani Basu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Maureen Newman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States.,Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14620, United States.,Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States.,Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States.,Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Biomedical Genetics and Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Emara A, Shah R. Recent update on craniofacial tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211003735. [PMID: 33959245 PMCID: PMC8060749 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211003735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The craniofacial region consists of several different tissue types. These tissues are quite commonly affected by traumatic/pathologic tissue loss which has so far been traditionally treated by grafting procedures. With the complications and drawbacks of grafting procedures, the emerging field of regenerative medicine has proved potential. Tissue engineering advancements and the application in the craniofacial region is quickly gaining momentum although most research is still at early in vitro/in vivo stages. We aim to provide an overview on where research stands now in tissue engineering of craniofacial tissue; namely bone, cartilage muscle, skin, periodontal ligament, and mucosa. Abstracts and full-text English articles discussing techniques used for tissue engineering/regeneration of these tissue types were summarized in this article. The future perspectives and how current technological advancements and different material applications are enhancing tissue engineering procedures are also highlighted. Clinically, patients with craniofacial defects need hybrid reconstruction techniques to overcome the complexity of these defects. Cost-effectiveness and cost-efficiency are also required in such defects. The results of the studies covered in this review confirm the potential of craniofacial tissue engineering strategies as an alternative to avoid the problems of currently employed techniques. Furthermore, 3D printing advances may allow for fabrication of patient-specific tissue engineered constructs which should improve post-operative esthetic results of reconstruction. There are on the other hand still many challenges that clearly require further research in order to catch up with engineering of other parts of the human body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aala’a Emara
- OMFS Department, Faculty of Dentistry,
Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Division of Craniofacial and Surgical
Care, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC,
USA
| | - Rishma Shah
- Division of Craniofacial and Surgical
Care, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC,
USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kumar IG, Pradeep S, Ravi S, Kiran HJ, Raghunath N. Stem cells in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics: Current trends and future perspectives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTIC REHABILITATION 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/ijor.ijor_45_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
6
|
Liao W, Xu L, Wangrao K, Du Y, Xiong Q, Yao Y. Three-dimensional printing with biomaterials in craniofacial and dental tissue engineering. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7271. [PMID: 31328038 PMCID: PMC6622164 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of technology, tissue engineering (TE) has been widely applied in the medical field. In recent years, due to its accuracy and the demands of solid freeform fabrication in TE, three-dimensional printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), has been applied for biological scaffold fabrication in craniofacial and dental regeneration. In this review, we have compared several types of AM techniques and summarized their advantages and limitations. The range of printable materials used in craniofacial and dental tissue includes all the biomaterials. Thus, basic and clinical studies were discussed in this review to present the application of AM techniques in craniofacial and dental tissue and their advances during these years, which might provide information for further AM studies in craniofacial and dental TE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liao
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kaijuan Wangrao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiuchan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Safari S, Mahdian A, Motamedian SR. Applications of stem cells in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics: Current trends and future perspectives. World J Stem Cells 2018; 10:66-77. [PMID: 29988866 PMCID: PMC6033713 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v10.i6.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple overview of daily orthodontic practice involves use of brackets, wires and elastomeric modules. However, investigating the underlying effect of orthodontic forces shows various molecular and cellular changes. Also, orthodontics is in close relation with dentofacial orthopedics which involves bone regeneration. In this review current and future applications of stem cells (SCs) in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics have been discussed. For craniofacial anomalies, SCs have been applied to regenerate hard tissue (such as treatment of alveolar cleft) and soft tissue (such as treatment of hemifacial macrosomia). Several attempts have been done to reconstruct impaired temporomandibular joint. Also, SCs with or without bone scaffolds and growth factors have been used to regenerate bone following distraction osteogenesis of mandibular bone or maxillary expansion. Current evidence shows that SCs also have potential to be used to regenerate infrabony alveolar defects and move the teeth into regenerated areas. Future application of SCs in orthodontics could involve accelerating tooth movement, regenerating resorbed roots and expanding tooth movement limitations. However, evidence supporting these roles is weak and further studies are required to evaluate the possibility of these ideas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Safari
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13819, Iran
| | - Arezoo Mahdian
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13819, Iran
| | - Saeed Reza Motamedian
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13819, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Calvarial reconstruction is a challenge to reconstructive surgeons, especially considering protection of intracranial contents. In recent years, the advent of multiple reconstructive materials adds tools to the surgical armamentarium. Options include autologous split calvarial and rib grafts and alloplastic materials such as titanium mesh, methyl methacrylate, calcium hydroxyapatite, and polyetheretherketone. The most important aspect of cranial reconstruction still lies in finding the most aesthetic, safe, and reliable means of filling a defect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Badhey
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York
| | - Sameep Kadakia
- Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery Associates, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Moustafa Mourad
- Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery Associates, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Jared Inman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Yadranko Ducic
- Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery Associates, Fort Worth, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Voss PJ, Matsumoto A, Alvarado E, Schmelzeisen R, Duttenhöfer F, Poxleitner P. Treatment of stage II medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw with necrosectomy and autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Odontology 2017; 105:484-493. [PMID: 28220264 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-017-0295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Treatment strategies for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) remain controversial. Although the AAOMS suggests a conservative approach, a surgical management with necrosectomy is often required when conservative management has failed. Moreover, recent studies have shown promising results using an early stage surgical treatment. Over the past decade, cell-based bone regeneration utilizing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) received increased attention. MSCs are known to promote wound healing and induce new bone formation in compromised tissue. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to assess the role of MSCs in the management of MRONJ. This study included 6 patients referred to our department with the diagnosis of MRONJ. Upon informed consent, the patients underwent surgical resection of necrotic bone followed by MSCs grafting. The MSCs were separated from bone marrow cells aspirated from the iliac crest using a bone marrow aspirate concentrate system. The MSCs were grafted into the defect with autologous thrombin and the defect was covered with a collagen membrane. In all cases, bony edges were rounded and the wound was closed using a three-layered technique. In the follow-up from 12 to 54 months, all patients including those who had impaired conditions, sepsis, or pathological fracture, showed satisfactory healing with no signs of wound infection. This pilot study indicated that surgical management in combination with MSCs transplantation seems to be a promising treatment modality in the therapy of MRONJ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pit Jacob Voss
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Akihiko Matsumoto
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Esteban Alvarado
- Section of Orthodontics and Maxillofacial Surgery, Latinamerican University of Science and Technology, 100 metros sur del Periódico La República, San José, Barrio Tournón, Costa Rica
| | - Rainer Schmelzeisen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Fabian Duttenhöfer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Philipp Poxleitner
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao Z, Wang Z, Ge C, Krebsbach P, Franceschi R. Healing Cranial Defects with AdRunx2-transduced Marrow Stromal Cells. J Dent Res 2016; 86:1207-11. [DOI: 10.1177/154405910708601213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marrow stromal cells (MSCs) include stem cells capable of forming all mesenchymal tissues, including bone. However, before MSCs can be successfully used in regeneration procedures, methods must be developed to stimulate their differentiation selectively to osteoblasts. Runx2, a bone-specific transcription factor, is known to stimulate osteoblast differentiation. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that Runx2 gene therapy can be used to heal a critical-sized defect in mouse calvaria. Runx2-engineered MSCs displayed enhanced osteogenic potential and osteoblast-specific gene expression in vitro and in vivo. Runx2-expressing cells also dramatically enhanced the healing of critical-sized calvarial defects and increased both bone volume fraction and bone mineral density. These studies provide a novel route for enhancing osteogenesis that may have future therapeutic applications for craniofacial bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Zhao
- Program in Oral Health Sciences,
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, and
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA; and
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Z. Wang
- Program in Oral Health Sciences,
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, and
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA; and
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - C. Ge
- Program in Oral Health Sciences,
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, and
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA; and
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - P. Krebsbach
- Program in Oral Health Sciences,
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, and
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA; and
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R.T. Franceschi
- Program in Oral Health Sciences,
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, and
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA; and
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although bone repair is often a relatively rapid and efficient process, many bone defects do not heal. Because an adequate blood supply is essential for new bone formation, we hypothesized that augmenting new blood vessel formation by increasing the number of circulating vasculogenic progenitor cells (PCs) with AMD3100 and enhancing their trafficking to the site of injury with recombinant human parathyroid hormone (rhPTH) will improve healing. METHODS Critical-sized 3-mm cranial defects were trephined into the right parietal bone of C57BLKS/J 6 mice (N = 120). The mice were divided into 4 equal groups (n = 30 for each). The first group received daily subcutaneous injections of AMD3100 (5 mg/kg). The second group received daily subcutaneous injections of rhPTH (5 mg/kg). The third group received both AMD3100 and rhPTH. The fourth group received subcutaneous injections of saline. Circulating vasculogenic PC numbers, new blood vessel formation, and bony regeneration were assessed. Progenitor cell adhesion, migration, and tubule formation were assessed in the presence of rhPTH and AMD3100. RESULTS Flow cytometry demonstrated that combination therapy significantly increased the number of circulating PCs compared with all other groups. In vitro, AMD3100-treated PCs had significantly increased adhesion migration, and tubule formation was assessed in the presence of rhPTH. Combination therapy significantly improved new blood vessel formation in those with cranial defect compared with all other groups. Finally, bony regeneration was significantly increased in the combination therapy group compared with all other groups. CONCLUSIONS The combination of a PC-mobilizing and traffic-enhancing agent improved bony regeneration of calvarial defects in mice.
Collapse
|
12
|
Application of AMOR in craniofacial rabbit bone bioengineering. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:628769. [PMID: 25705677 PMCID: PMC4325208 DOI: 10.1155/2015/628769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous molecular and cellular mediators modulate tissue repair and regeneration. We have recently described antibody mediated osseous regeneration (AMOR) as a novel strategy for bioengineering bone in rat calvarial defect. This entails application of anti-BMP-2 antibodies capable of in vivo capturing of endogenous osteogenic BMPs (BMP-2, BMP-4, and BMP-7). The present study sought to investigate the feasibility of AMOR in other animal models. To that end, we examined the efficacy of a panel of anti-BMP-2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and a polyclonal Ab immobilized on absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) to mediate bone regeneration within rabbit calvarial critical size defects. After 6 weeks, de novo bone formation was demonstrated by micro-CT imaging, histology, and histomorphometric analysis. Only certain anti-BMP-2 mAb clones mediated significant in vivo bone regeneration, suggesting that the epitopes with which anti-BMP-2 mAbs react are critical to AMOR. Increased localization of BMP-2 protein and expression of osteocalcin were observed within defects, suggesting accumulation of endogenous BMP-2 and/or increased de novo expression of BMP-2 protein within sites undergoing bone repair by AMOR. Considering the ultimate objective of translation of this therapeutic strategy in humans, preclinical studies will be necessary to demonstrate the feasibility of AMOR in progressively larger animal models.
Collapse
|
13
|
Osteoinduction of umbilical cord and palate periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells on poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanomicrofibers. Ann Plast Surg 2015; 72:S176-83. [PMID: 24691324 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The need for tissue-engineered bone to treat complex craniofacial bone defects secondary to congenital anomalies, trauma, and cancer extirpation is sizeable. Traditional strategies for treatment have focused on autologous bone in younger patients and bone substitutes in older patients. However, the capacity for merging new technologies, including the creation of nanofiber and microfiber scaffolds with advances in natal sources of stem cells, is crucial to improving our treatment options. The advantages of using smaller diameter fibers for scaffolding are 2-fold: the similar fiber diameters mimic the in vivo extracellular matrix construct and smaller fibers also provide a dramatically increased surface area for cell-scaffold interactions. In this study, we compare the capacity for a polymer with Federal Drug Administration approval for use in humans, poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) from Delta polymer, to support osteoinduction of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) harvested from the umbilical cord (UC) and palate periosteum (PP). Proliferation of both UC- and PP-derived MSCs was improved on PLGA scaffolds. The PLGA scaffolds promoted UC MSC differentiation (indicated by earlier gene expression and higher calcium deposition), but not in PP-derived MSCs. Umbilical cord-derived MSCs on the PLGA nanomicrofiber scaffolds have potential clinical utility in providing solutions for craniofacial bone defects, with the added benefit of earlier availability.
Collapse
|
14
|
Felice PA, Ahsan S, Donneys A, Deshpande SS, Nelson NS, Buchman SR. Deferoxamine administration delivers translational optimization of distraction osteogenesis in the irradiated mandible. Plast Reconstr Surg 2013; 132:542e-548e. [PMID: 24076701 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0b013e31829fe548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors' laboratory has previously demonstrated that deferoxamine promotes angiogenesis and bone repair in the setting of radiation therapy coupled with distraction osteogenesis. However, clinically relevant effects of deferoxamine administration on union rate and micro-computed tomographic and biomechanical parameters are unknown. The authors posit that administration of deferoxamine will increase union rate, mineralization, and strength of the regenerate in an irradiated distraction osteogenesis model. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups: distraction osteogenesis-control, distraction osteogenesis-radiation therapy, and distraction osteogenesis-radiation therapy-deferoxamine. All animals underwent an osteotomy and distraction osteogenesis across a 5.1-mm distraction gap. Irradiated animals received 35-Gy human-equivalent radiation therapy 2 weeks before surgery, and deferoxamine was injected postoperatively in the regenerate site of treatment animals. Animals were killed on postoperative day 40, and mandibles were harvested to determine rates of bony union and micro-computed tomographic and biomechanical parameters. RESULTS Compared with irradiated mandibles, deferoxamine-treated mandibles exhibited a higher union rate (11 percent versus 92 percent, respectively). Across micro-computed tomographic and biomechanical parameters, significant diminutions were observed with administration of radiation therapy, whereas deferoxamine therapy resulted in significant restoration to levels of controls, with select metrics exhibiting significant increases even beyond controls. CONCLUSIONS The authors' data confirm that deferoxamine restores clinically relevant metrics of bony union and micro-computed tomographic and biomechanical parameters in a model of irradiated distraction osteogenesis in the murine mandible. Their findings support a potential use for deferoxamine in treatment protocols to allow predictable and reliable use of distraction osteogenesis as a viable reconstructive option in patients with head and neck cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Felice
- Ann Arbor, Mich.; and Columbia, S.C. From the Craniofacial Research Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Section, University of Michigan; and the Department of Surgery, University of South Carolina School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Draenert FG, Huetzen D, Neff A, Mueller WEG. Vertical bone augmentation procedures: Basics and techniques in dental implantology. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:1605-13. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. G. Draenert
- Clinic for Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery; University of Marburg; 35033 Marburg Germany
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University; Duesbergweg 6 Mainz Mainz 55128 Germany
| | - D. Huetzen
- Clinic for Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery; University of Marburg; 35033 Marburg Germany
| | - A. Neff
- Clinic for Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery; University of Marburg; 35033 Marburg Germany
| | - W. E. G. Mueller
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University; Duesbergweg 6 Mainz Mainz 55128 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Layliev J, Sagebin F, Weinstein A, Marchac A, Szpalski C, Saadeh PB, Warren SM. Percutaneous gene therapy heals cranial defects. Gene Ther 2013; 20:922-9. [PMID: 23594990 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2013.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nonhealing bone defects are difficult to treat. As the bone morphogenic protein and transforming growth factor beta pathways have been implicated in bone healing, we hypothesized that percutaneous Smad7 silencing would enhance signaling through both pathways and improve bone formation. Critical sized parietal trephine defects were created and animals received percutaneous injection of: agarose alone or agarose containing nonsense or Smad7 small interfering RNA (siRNA). At 12 weeks, SMADs1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 8 levels were assessed. Smad1/5/8 osteogenic target, Dlx5, and SMAD2/3 angiogenic target, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (Pai1), transcription levels were measured. Noncanonical signaling through TGFβ activated kinase-1 (Tak1) and target, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and collagen1α1 (Col1α1), transcription were also measured. Micro-computed tomography and Gomori trichome staining were used to assess healing. Percutaneous injection of Smad7 siRNA significantly knocked down Smad7 mRNA (86.3 ± 2.5%) and protein levels (46.3 ± 3.1%). The SMAD7 knockdown resulted in a significant increase in receptor-regulated SMADs (R-SMAD) (Smad 1/5/8 and Smad2/3) nuclear translocation. R-SMAD nuclear translocation increased Dlx5 and Pai1 transcription. Additionally, noncanonical signaling through Tak1 increased Runx2 and Col1α1 target transcription. Compared with animals treated with agarose alone (33.9 ± 2.8% healing) and nonsense siRNA (31.5 ± 11.8% healing), animals treated Smad7 siRNA had significantly great (91.2 ± 3.8%) healing. Percutaneous Smad7 silencing increases signal transduction through canonical and noncanonical pathways resulting in significant bone formation. Minimally invasive gene therapies may prove effective in the treatment of nonhealing bone defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Layliev
- The Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery Laboratories, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu M, Chou S, Chua C, Tay B, Ng B. The development of silk fibroin scaffolds using an indirect rapid prototyping approach: Morphological analysis and cell growth monitoring by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Med Eng Phys 2013; 35:253-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2011.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
18
|
Freire MO, Kim HK, Kook JK, Nguyen A, Zadeh HH. Antibody-mediated osseous regeneration: the early events in the healing response. Tissue Eng Part A 2013. [PMID: 23190409 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone engineering strategies often exploit modulation of the extracellular environment, including delivery of cell and growth factors to repair and regenerate damaged tissues. During bone healing, the expression of endogenous bone morphogenetic proteins is an essential component of the healing response. However, in some situations, the inherent reparative capacity available in the local microenvironment is exceeded by the requirements of the defects. We have recently reported on a novel strategy, that exploits the specificity of antibodies to capture and make available endogenous osteogenic growth factors, referred to as "antibody-mediated osseous regeneration" (AMOR). The objective of the present study was to identify some of the cellular and molecular events involved in AMOR in an effort to begin to elucidate the mechanism of AMOR. The rat critical-sized calvarial defect model was used, where anti-bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 monoclonal antibody (mAb), isotype-control mAb, or recombinant human (rh)BMP-2 were immobilized on absorbable collagen calvarial sponge (ACS) by adsorption, and then implanted into calvarial defects. The results demonstrated persistence of implanted mAbs for short term from 1 to 2 weeks after implantation. Increased cell infiltration was found in defects treated with anti-BMP-2 mAb. Examination of proteins on ACS scaffolds retrieved from defect sites demonstration increased levels of BMP-2, BMP-4, and BMP-7 proteins in sites implanted with anti-BMP-2 mAb. Moreover, BMP-2, BMP-4, and BMP-7 gene expression levels were increased in sites implanted with anti-BMP-2 mAb. Micro-computed tomography and histological analysis demonstrated that the bone within calvarial defects was fully regenerated in sites implanted with either anti-BMP-2 mAb or rhBMP-2. However, rhBMP-2-regenerated bone exhibited aberrant histomorphology with dystrophic calcification and invasion of subjacent areas. Altogether, the results revealed evidence for anti-BMP-2 mAbs to form an immune complex with BMP-2, BMP-4, and BMP-7, and bind to cells to mediate osteogenesis bone regeneration in vivo. This approach suggests a significant role for antibodies in regenerative orthopedic medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo O Freire
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Farberg AS, Jing XL, Monson LA, Donneys A, Tchanque-Fossuo CN, Deshpande SS, Buchman SR. Deferoxamine reverses radiation induced hypovascularity during bone regeneration and repair in the murine mandible. Bone 2012; 50:1184-7. [PMID: 22314387 PMCID: PMC3322244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deferoxamine (DFO) is an iron-chelating agent that has also been shown to increase angiogenesis. We hypothesize that the angiogenic properties of DFO will improve bone regeneration in distraction osteogenesis (DO) after x-ray radiation therapy (XRT) by restoring the vascularity around the distraction site. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats underwent distraction of the left mandible. Two groups received pre-operative fractionated XRT, and one of these groups was treated with DFO during distraction. After consolidation, the animals were perfused and imaged with micro-CT to calculate vascular radiomorphometrics. RESULTS Radiation inflicted a severe diminution in the vascular metrics of the distracted regenerate and consequently led to poor clinical outcome. The DFO treated group revealed improved DO bone regeneration with a substantial restoration and proliferation of vascularity. CONCLUSIONS This set of experiments quantitatively demonstrates the ability of DFO to temper the anti-angiogenic effect of XRT in mandibular DO. These exciting results suggest that DFO may be a viable treatment option aimed at mitigating the damaging effects of XRT on new bone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron S. Farberg
- Craniofacial Research Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xi L. Jing
- Craniofacial Research Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Dept of Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Laura A. Monson
- Craniofacial Research Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alexis Donneys
- Craniofacial Research Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Sagar S. Deshpande
- Craniofacial Research Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Steven R. Buchman
- Craniofacial Research Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sherwood RJ, Duren DL, Mahaney MC, Blangero J, Dyer TD, Cole SA, Czerwinski SA, Chumlea WC, Siervogel RM, Choh AC, Nahhas RW, Lee M, Towne B. A genome-wide linkage scan for quantitative trait loci influencing the craniofacial complex in humans (Homo sapiens sapiens). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2011; 294:664-75. [PMID: 21328561 PMCID: PMC3091483 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The genetic architecture of the craniofacial complex has been the subject of intense scrutiny because of the high frequency of congenital malformations. Numerous animal models have been used to document the early development of the craniofacial complex, but few studies have focused directly on the genetic underpinnings of normal variation in the human craniofacial complex. This study examines 80 quantitative traits derived from lateral cephalographs of 981 participants in the Fels Longitudinal Study, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio. Quantitative genetic analyses were conducted using the Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines analytic platform, a maximum-likelihood variance components method that incorporates all familial information for parameter estimation. Heritability estimates were significant and of moderate to high magnitude for all craniofacial traits. Additionally, significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for 10 traits from the three developmental components (basicranium, splanchnocranium, and neurocranium) of the craniofacial complex. These QTL were found on chromosomes 3, 6, 11, 12, and 14. This study of the genetic architecture of the craniofacial complex elucidates fundamental information of the genetic architecture of the craniofacial complex in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Sherwood
- Lifespan Health Research Center, Dept. of Community Health, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3171 Research Blvd., Kettering, OH 45420, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hammerick KE, James AW, Huang Z, Prinz FB, Longaker MT. Pulsed direct current electric fields enhance osteogenesis in adipose-derived stromal cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:917-31. [PMID: 19824802 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) constitute a promising source of cells for regenerative medicine applications. Previous studies of osteogenic potential in ASCs have focused on chemicals, growth factors, and mechanical stimuli. Citing the demonstrated role electric fields play in enhancing healing in bone fractures and defects, we investigated the ability of pulsed direct current electric fields to drive osteogenic differentiation in mouse ASCs. Employing 50 Hz direct current electric fields in concert with and without osteogenic factors, we demonstrated increased early osteoblast-specific markers. We were also able to establish that commonly reported artifacts of electric field stimulation are not the primary mediators of the observed effects. The electric fields caused marked changes in the cytoskeleton. We used atomic force microscopy-based force spectroscopy to record an increase in the cytoskeletal tension after treatment with electric fields. We abolished the increased cytoskeletal stresses with the rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor, Y27632, and did not see any decrease in osteogenic gene expression, suggesting that the pro-osteogenic effects of the electric fields are not transduced via cytoskeletal tension. Electric fields may show promise as candidate enhancers of osteogenesis of ASCs and may be incorporated into cell-based strategies for skeletal regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle E Hammerick
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Growth factors lead to the induction of tissue regeneration in bone healing when coated on biomaterials. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) combines osteoinduction and neoangiogenesis. This study evaluated bFGF-coated hydroxylapatite implants in two experimental groups with 10 or 100 microg (n = 5 per group) compared with uncoated control implants in the rabbit patellar groove model. We observed an unexpected ineffectiveness compared to the control groups with no significant difference of bone growth after 35 days. However, all samples from the 100 microg experiment (control and coated implant) showed significantly stronger 19-25 day label than both 10 microg groups (control and coated implant). Earlier bone labels are stronger in the 10 microg group with equal observation of similarity between experiment and control site and may indicate a possible inhibitory effect of the higher dosing or osteoclast induction. This result indicates a possible systemic effect of the transient growth factor coating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G F Draenert
- Clinic for Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kretlow JD, Young S, Klouda L, Wong M, Mikos AG. Injectable biomaterials for regenerating complex craniofacial tissues. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2009; 21:3368-93. [PMID: 19750143 PMCID: PMC2742469 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200802009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Engineering complex tissues requires a precisely formulated combination of cells, spatiotemporally released bioactive factors, and a specialized scaffold support system. Injectable materials, particularly those delivered in aqueous solution, are considered ideal delivery vehicles for cells and bioactive factors and can also be delivered through minimally invasive methods and fill complex 3D shapes. In this review, we examine injectable materials that form scaffolds or networks capable of both replacing tissue function early after delivery and supporting tissue regeneration over a time period of weeks to months. The use of these materials for tissue engineering within the craniofacial complex is challenging but ideal as many highly specialized and functional tissues reside within a small volume in the craniofacial structures and the need for minimally invasive interventions is desirable due to aesthetic considerations. Current biomaterials and strategies used to treat craniofacial defects are examined, followed by a review of craniofacial tissue engineering, and finally an examination of current technologies used for injectable scaffold development and drug and cell delivery using these materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James D. Kretlow
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, P.O. Box 1892, MS 142, Houston, TX 77251-1892 (U.S.A.)
| | - Simon Young
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, P.O. Box 1892, MS 142, Houston, TX 77251-1892 (U.S.A.)
| | - Leda Klouda
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, P.O. Box 1892, MS 142, Houston, TX 77251-1892 (U.S.A.)
| | - Mark Wong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6515 M.D. Anderson Blvd., Suite DBB 2.059, Houston, TX 770030 (U.S.A.)
| | - Antonios G. Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, P.O. Box 1892, MS 142, Houston, TX 77251-1892 (U.S.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Brady MA, Lewis MP, Mudera V. Synergy between myogenic and non-myogenic cells in a 3D tissue-engineered craniofacial skeletal muscle construct. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2008; 2:408-17. [DOI: 10.1002/term.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
26
|
Petrie C, Tholpady S, Ogle R, Botchwey E. Proliferative capacity and osteogenic potential of novel dura mater stem cells on poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 85:61-71. [PMID: 17688255 PMCID: PMC3124866 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The rational design of biomimetic structures for the regeneration of damaged or missing tissue is a fundamental principle of tissue engineering. Multiple variables must be optimized, ranging from the scaffold type to the selection and properties of implanted cell(s). In this study, the osteogenic potential of a novel stem cell was analyzed on biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) biomaterials as a step toward creating new cell-materials constructs for bony regeneration. Dura mater stem cells (DSCs), isolated from rat dura mater, were evaluated and compared to bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) for proliferative and differentiative properties in vitro. Experiments were carried out on both tissue culture plastic (TCP) and 2D planar films of PLGA. Proliferation of DSCs on both TCP and PLGA films increased over 21 days. Positive fold inductions in all five bone marker genes were observed at days 7, 14, 21 in all experimental samples compared with day 0 controls. DSCs demonstrated greater cell coverage and enhanced matrix staining on 2D PLGA films when compared with BMSCs. These cells can be isolated and expanded in culture and can subsequently attach, proliferate, and differentiate on both TCP and PLGA films to a greater extent than BMSCs. This suggests that DSCs are promising for cell-based bone tissue engineering therapies, particularly those applications involving regeneration of cranial bones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caren Petrie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
The relationship between keloid growth pattern and stretching tension-visual analysis using the finite element method: a brief history of keloids. Ann Plast Surg 2008; 60:452-4. [PMID: 18362578 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0b013e31814b976a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
28
|
Miura M, Miura Y, Sonoyama W, Yamaza T, Gronthos S, Shi S. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for regenerative medicine in craniofacial region. Oral Dis 2007; 12:514-22. [PMID: 17054762 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2006.01300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The craniofacial region contains many specified tissues including bone, cartilage, muscle, blood vessels and neurons. Defect or dysfunction of the craniofacial tissue after post-cancer ablative surgery, trauma, congenital malformations and progressive deforming skeletal diseases has a huge influence on the patient's life. Therefore, functional reconstruction of damaged tissues is highly expected. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are one of the most well characterized postnatal stem cell populations, and considered to be utilized for cell-based clinical therapies. Here, the current understanding and the potential applications in craniofacial tissue regeneration of BMMSCs are reviewed, and the current limitations and drawbacks are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Miura
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of transplanting sculpted autogenous tissue-engineered cartilage (TEC) with the hope that it will retain precise 3-dimensional morphologic features after transplantation. Transplanted TEC is described in terms of the gross morphologic and histologic characteristics in contrast to pretransplanted TEC. METHODS Synthetic scaffolds of a polyglycolic acid and poly-l-lactic acid polymer, coated with chondrocytes derived from rabbit auricular cartilage in concentrations ranging from 2.7 x 10(6)/mL to 6 x 10(7)/mL, were incubated in vivo on the dorsum of a rabbit for 8 weeks and then retrieved. The resultant TEC specimens were then sculpted into defined shapes and transplanted into a different location in the same rabbit, where they were allowed to incubate for another 8 weeks. The specimens were then retrieved and compared with the TEC before transplantation according to size, weight, and histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS Thirteen chondrocyte-laden templates were successfully engineered to develop TEC. In each case, they were sculpted and transplanted to a different site in the same rabbit. Eight weeks after transplantation, all sculpted TEC specimens lost their original 3-dimensional morphologic features and experienced a significant decrease in mass. Histologically, the staining intensity of both hemotoxylin-eosin and safranin O was dramatically reduced following transplantation. In addition, there was a reduction in chondrocyte viability. Two consistent histologic findings were a foreign-body reaction to the synthetic polymer and ongoing cellular activity directed toward the formation of bone. CONCLUSIONS Transplanting autogenous TEC does not allow the preservation of precise morphologic features that are needed for clinical implantation. The osteogenic progression and foreign-body reaction must also be controlled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Jared Christophel
- The Department of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville 22908, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tissue engineering has the potential to make a significant impact on improving tissue repair in the craniofacial system. The general strategy for tissue engineering includes seeding cells on a biomaterial scaffold. The number of scaffold and cell choices for tissue engineering systems is continually increasing and will be reviewed. DESIGN Multilayered hydrogel systems were developed to coculture different cell types and develop osteochondral tissues for applications including the temporomandibular joint. EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLE Hydrogels are one form of scaffold that can be applied to cartilage and bone repair using fully differentiated cells, adult and embryonic stem cells. OUTCOME MEASURE Case studies represent an overview of our laboratory's investigations. RESULTS Bilayered scaffolds to promote tissue development and the formation of more complex osteochondral tissues were developed and proved to be effective. CONCLUSION Tissue engineering provides a venue to investigate tissue development of mutant or diseased cells and potential therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Elisseeff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
The clinical utility of tissue engineering depends upon our ability to direct cells to form tissues with characteristic structural and mechanical properties across different hierarchical scales. Ideally, an engineered graft should be tailored to (re)establish the structure and function of the native tissue being replaced. Engineered grafts of such high fidelity would also foster fundamental research by serving as physiologically relevant models for quantitative in vitro studies. The approach discussed here involves the use of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) cultured on custom-designed scaffolds (providing a structural and logistic template for tissue development) in bioreactors (providing environmental control, biochemical and mechanical cues). Cartilage, bone and ligaments have been engineered by using hMSC, highly porous protein scaffolds (collagen; silk) and bioreactors (perfused cartridges with or without mechanical loading). In each case, the scaffold and bioreactor were designed to recapitulate some aspects of the environment present in native tissues. Medium flow facilitated mass transport to the cells and thereby enhanced the formation of all three tissues. In the case of cartilage, dynamic laminar flow patterns were advantageous as compared to either turbulent steady flow or static (no flow) cultures. In the case of bone, medium flow affected the geometry, distribution and orientation of the forming bone-like trabeculae. In the case of ligament, applied mechanical loading (a combination of dynamic stretch and torsion) markedly enhanced cell differentiation, alignment and functional assembly. Taken together, these studies provide a basis for the ongoing work on engineering osreochondral grafts for a variety of potential applications, including those in the craniofacial complex.
Collapse
|
32
|
Hollister SJ, Lin CY, Saito E, Lin CY, Schek RD, Taboas JM, Williams JM, Partee B, Flanagan CL, Diggs A, Wilke EN, Van Lenthe GH, Müller R, Wirtz T, Das S, Feinberg SE, Krebsbach PH. Engineering craniofacial scaffolds. Orthod Craniofac Res 2005; 8:162-73. [PMID: 16022718 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-6343.2005.00329.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an integrated approach for engineering craniofacial scaffolds and to demonstrate that these engineered scaffolds would have mechanical properties in the range of craniofacial tissue and support bone regeneration for craniofacial reconstruction. EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLE Scaffold architecture designed to achieve desired elasticity and permeability. Scaffold external shape designed to match craniofacial anatomy. OUTCOME MEASURE Final fabricated biomaterial scaffolds. Compressive mechanical modulus and strength. Bone regeneration as measured by micro-CT scanning, mechanical testing and histology. SETTING Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Oral/Maxillofacial Surgery, and Oral Medicine, Pathology and Oncology at the University of Michigan. RESULTS Results showed that the design/fabrication approach could create scaffolds with designed porous architecture to match craniofacial anatomy. These scaffolds could be fabricated from a wide range of biomaterials, including titanium, degradable polymers, and degradable calcium phosphate ceramics. Mechanical tests showed that fabricated scaffolds had compressive modulus ranging 50 to 2900 MPa and compressive strength ranging from 2 to over 56 MPa, within the range of human craniofacial trabecular bone. In vivo testing of designed scaffolds showed that they could support bone regeneration via delivery of BMP-7 transduced human gingival fibroblasts in a mouse model. Designed hydroxyapatite scaffolds with pore diameters ranging from 400 to 1200 microns were implanted in minipig mandibular defects for 6 and 18 weeks. Results showed substantial bone ingrowth (between 40 and 50% at 6 weeks, between 70 and 80% at 18 weeks) for all scaffolds, with no significant difference based on pore diameter. CONCLUSION Integrated image-based design and solid free-form fabrication can create scaffolds that attain desired elasticity and permeability while fitting any 3D craniofacial defect. The scaffolds could be manufactured from degradable polymers, calcium phosphate ceramics and titanium. The designed scaffolds supported significant bone regeneration for all pore sizes ranging from 300 to 1200 microns. These results suggest that designed scaffolds are clinically applicable for complex craniofacial reconstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Hollister
- Skeletal Engineering Group, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Winn SR, Chen JC, Gong X, Bartholomew SV, Shreenivas S, Ozaki W. Non-viral-mediated gene therapy approaches for bone repair. Orthod Craniofac Res 2005; 8:183-90. [PMID: 16022720 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-6343.2005.00332.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bone repair strategies continue to be developed for alternatives to autografting, allogeneic implants of banked bone, and other bone substitutes. Efforts have included the delivery of potent growth and/or differentiation factors and the use of gene therapy. For bone regeneration, gene therapy is the delivery, uptake and expression of DNA that has been localized to a wound bed. The objective of the current study is to investigate methods to enhance non-viral-mediated means of gene uptake and expression for use in bone regeneration. METHODS Several types of DNA-polymer complexes, either applied directly to baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells, or released from a porous, resorbable gene-activated matrix (GAM), were evaluated in vitro for their ability to transfect cells with a circular plasmid DNA construct expressing green fluorescent protein. Complexes included conjugates containing a lipophilic reagent, liposomes, poly-ethyl-oxazoline, and poly-ethyleneimine (PEI). Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Fisher's protected least significant difference for multiple comparisons with significance established at p < 0.05. RESULTS Transfection efficiencies of the liposome and PEI complexes improved in vitro when released from resorbable GAMs. The lipophilic reagent FuGene 6 demonstrated abundant uptake and expression in the initial 1- and 2-day evaluation periods. In contrast, the DNA-liposome and PEI GAM complexes demonstrated a sustained release, uptake and expression by the BHK cells at the 2-, 4-, and 7-day, and 4- and 7-day evaluation intervals, respectively. CONCLUSION GAM technology appears to improve the functional stability and release duration of incorporated DNA-polymer complexes in the present in vitro studies. The ongoing objective of our research is to develop a localized treatment to improve the uptake and expression of plasmid DNA by non-viral-mediated gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Winn
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, OR 97239, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering integrates the latest advances in molecular biology, biochemistry, engineering, material science, and medical transplantation. Researchers in the developing field of regenerative medicine have identified bone tissue engineering as an attractive translational target. Clinical problems requiring bone regeneration are diverse, and no single regeneration approach will likely resolve all defects. Recent advances in the field of tissue engineering have included the use of sophisticated biocompatible scaffolds, new postnatal multipotent cell populations, and the appropriate cellular stimulation. In particular, synthetic polymer scaffolds allow for fast and reproducible construction, while still retaining biocompatible characteristics. These criteria relate to the immediate goal of determining the ideal implant. The search is becoming a reality with widespread availability of biocompatible scaffolds; however, the desired parameters have not been clearly defined. Currently, most research focuses on the use of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), specifically BMP-2 and BMP-7. These proteins induce osteogenic differentiation in vitro, as well as bone defect healing in vivo. Protein-scaffold interactions that enhance BMP binding are of the utmost importance, since prolonged BMP release creates the most osteogenic microenvironment. Transition into clinical studies has had only mild success and relies on large doses of BMPs for bone formation. Advances within the field of bone tissue engineering will likely overcome these challenges and lead to more clinically relevant therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Cowan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Re: Prefabrication of Muscular Flaps for the Treatment of Bony Defects by Transduction With Bone Morphogenetic Protein 9. J Craniofac Surg 2004. [DOI: 10.1097/00001665-200409000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
36
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Facial plastic surgeons are concerned with improving or restoring function and form. Most surgeons perform primarily soft tissue procedures, which alone are often sufficient. However, deficiencies in the underlying craniomaxillofacial skeleton must also be addressed. Facial skeletal augmentation remains an essential aspect of cosmetic and reconstructive surgery. This article reviews the basic alloplastic biomaterials available for facial volume enhancement, discusses the zygomatic sandwich osteotomy for malar augmentation, and describes recent applications of distraction osteogenesis in the craniomaxillofacial region. An update in tissue engineering and computer modeling is also provided. RECENT FINDINGS High-porosity expanded polytetrafluoroethylene has been developed to provide a softer feel with less shrinkage and migration because of better biointegration and cellular ingrowth. Long-term results with porous polyethylene have demonstrated superior biocompatibility and minimal complications. Hydroxyapatite cement has been associated with an immunoguided delayed inflammatory reaction that leads to thinning of the overlying skin and exposure of the implant.Applications of distraction osteogenesis are rapidly expanding and include deformities of the mandible, midface, and cranium. There has been a trend toward the use of internal hardware, and internal devices are being developed to deliver a greater degree of vector control. Biodegradable devices have been developed to eliminate the second surgical procedure necessary for hardware removal. In the future, successful tissue engineering could eliminate many of the drawbacks associated with implants and osteotomies. The ability to stimulate stem cells to generate autogenous bone has been demonstrated in the laboratory. A novel application of computer technology that integrates laser surface scanning and digitizing with computer-aided design and manufacturing to produce facial prostheses has been described. SUMMARY An abundance of alternatives exist for skeletal volume enhancement including alloplastic implants, standard osteotomies, and distraction osteogenesis. The surgeon must evaluate the pros and cons of each technique in the context of each individual patient to determine the most appropriate option. Technologic advances in biomaterials, distraction hardware, computer modeling, and tissue engineering will continue to supply the surgeon's repertoire with improved methods to augment and restore the craniomaxillofacial skeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shane Zim
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Tissue engineering attempts to build neotissue from its cellular building blocks. This neotissue can then be used for reconstructive surgical applications such as replacement of a congenitally abnormal heart valve or repair of a craniofacial abnormality. Since its inception in the late 1980s, tissue engineering has sparked the interests of physicians and scientists alike because of its great potential. Significant progress has been made in this burgeoning branch of science. This article reviews some of the ongoing preclinical and clinical tissue engineering research as it applies to neonatology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Breuer
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Letic-Gavrilovic A, Todorovic L, Abe K. Oral Tissue Engineering of Complex Tooth Structures on Biodegradable DLPLG/β-TCP Scaffolds. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2004; 553:267-81. [PMID: 15503463 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-306-48584-8_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
|