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Lairion F, Carbia C, Chiesa IM, Saporito-Magriña C, Borda N, Lazarowski A, Repetto MG. Uridine Diphosphate Glucose (UDP-G) Activates Oxidative Stress and Respiratory Burst in Isolated Neutrophils. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1501. [PMID: 37895972 PMCID: PMC10609875 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular purinergic agonist uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-G) activates chemotaxis of human neutrophils (PMN) and the recruitment of PMN at the lung level, via P2Y14 purinergic receptor signaling. This effect is similar to the activation of PMN with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), a mechanism that also triggers the production of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide via the NADPH oxidase system. However, the effects of UDP-G on this system have not been studied. Defects in the intracellular phagocyte respiratory burst (RB) cause recurrent infections, immunodeficiency, and chronic and severe diseases in affected patients, often with sepsis and hypoxia. The extracellular activation of PMN by UDP-G could affect the RB and oxidative stress (OS) in situations of inflammation, infection and/or sepsis. The association of PMNs activation by UDP-G with OS and RB was studied. OS was evaluated by measuring spontaneous chemiluminescence (CL) of PMNs with a scintillation photon counter, and RB by measuring oxygen consumption with an oxygen Clark electrode at 37 °C, in non-stimulated cells and after activation (15 min) with lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 2 µg/mL), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA, 20 ng/mL), or UDP-G (100 μM). The stimulation index (SI) was calculated in order to establish the activation effect of the three agonists. After stimulation with LPS or PMA, the activated PMNs (0.1 × 106 cells/mL) showed an increase in CL (35%, p < 0.05 and 56%, p < 0.01, SI of 1.56 and 2.20, respectively). Contrariwise, the stimulation with UDP-G led to a decreased CL in a dose-dependent manner (60%, 25 μM, p < 0.05; 90%, 50-150 μM, p < 0.001). Nonetheless, despite the lack of oxidative damage, UDP-G triggered RB (SI 1.8) in a dose-dependent manner (38-50%, 100-200 μM, p < 0.0001). UDP-G is able to trigger NADPH oxidase activation in PMNs. Therefore, the prevention of OS and oxidative damage observed upon PMN stimulation with UDP-G indicates an antioxidant property of this molecule which is likely due to the activation of antioxidant defenses. Altogether, LPS and UDP-G have a synergistic effect, suggesting a key role in infection and/or sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Lairion
- Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina; (F.L.); (I.M.C.); (C.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular Prof. Alberto Boveris, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IBIMOL, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Claudio Carbia
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Clínica II-Área Hematología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina; (C.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Iris Maribel Chiesa
- Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina; (F.L.); (I.M.C.); (C.S.-M.)
| | - Christian Saporito-Magriña
- Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina; (F.L.); (I.M.C.); (C.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular Prof. Alberto Boveris, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IBIMOL, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Natalia Borda
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Clínica II-Área Hematología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina; (C.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Alberto Lazarowski
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Clínica II-Área Hematología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina; (C.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Marisa Gabriela Repetto
- Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina; (F.L.); (I.M.C.); (C.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular Prof. Alberto Boveris, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IBIMOL, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina
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Gómez CT, Lairion F, Repetto M, Ettcheto M, Merelli A, Lazarowski A, Auzmendi J. Cannabidiol (CBD) Alters the Functionality of Neutrophils (PMN). Implications in the Refractory Epilepsy Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030220. [PMID: 33807975 PMCID: PMC8001508 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), a lipophilic cannabinoid compound without psychoactive effects, has emerged as adjuvant of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) in the treatment of refractory epilepsy (RE), decreasing the severity and/or frequency of seizures. CBD is considered a multitarget drug that could act throughout the canonical endocannabinoid receptors (CB1-CB2) or multiple non-canonical pathways. Despite the fact that the CBD mechanism in RE is still unknown, experiments carried out in our laboratory showed that CBD has an inhibitory role on P-glycoprotein excretory function, highly related to RE. Since CB2 is expressed mainly in the immune cells, we hypothesized that CBD treatment could alter the activity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in a similar way that it does with microglia/macrophages and others circulating leukocytes. In vitro, CBD induced PMN cytoplasmatic vacuolization and proapoptotic nuclear condensation, associated with a significantly decreased viability in a concentration-dependent manner, while low CBD concentration decreased PMN viability in a time-dependent manner. At a functional level, CBD reduced the chemotaxis and oxygen consumption of PMNs related with superoxide anion production, while the singlet oxygen level was increased suggesting oxidative stress damage. These results are in line with the well-known CBD anti-inflammatory effect and support a potential immunosuppressor role on PMNs that could promote an eventual defenseless state during chronic treatment with CBD in RE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Taborda Gómez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1120AAF, Argentina; (C.T.G.); (A.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Fabiana Lairion
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, (IBIMOL, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina; (F.L.); (M.R.)
| | - Marisa Repetto
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, (IBIMOL, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina; (F.L.); (M.R.)
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amalia Merelli
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1120AAF, Argentina; (C.T.G.); (A.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Alberto Lazarowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1120AAF, Argentina; (C.T.G.); (A.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Jerónimo Auzmendi
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1120AAF, Argentina; (C.T.G.); (A.M.); (A.L.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425FQD, Argentina
- Correspondence:
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Chang YY, Lu CW, Jean WH, Shieh JS, Lin TY. Phorbol myristate acetate induces differentiation of THP-1 cells in a nitric oxide-dependent manner. Nitric Oxide 2021; 109-110:33-41. [PMID: 33667621 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION THP-1 cells, a human leukemia monocytic cell line, differentiated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) are widely used as surrogate of human macrophages. Differentiated THP-1 cells acquire macrophage-like characteristics including more adherence and altered cell function. Nitric oxide (NO), an intracellular messenger, is critical in regulating cell differentiation. Here we elucidated whether NO relates to PMA-induced monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation of THP-1 cells. The mutual regulation of calcium and NO was also investigated. MATERIAL & METHODS THP-1 cells were incubated with PMA for 24 h, followed by assay of adherence, morphological change, migration or IL-1β release. L-NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester (l-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) or BAPTA-AM (a calcium chelator) was added before PMA stimulation, and levels of calcium and NO were measured. Furthermore, a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity was employed to study the role of iNOS. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Effects of PMA on upregulation of adherence, lipopolysaccharide-triggered IL-1β, and migration ability of THP-1 cells were consistent with NO concentrations. Both l-NAME and BAPTA-AM mitigated effects of PMA on THP-1 cells differentiation. BAPTA-AM decreased levels of NO, while l-NAME had no effect on calcium levels. Of note, inhibition of iNOS activity decreased PMA-triggered upregulation of NO. CONCLUSION PMA induced differentiation of THP-1 cells partially in a NO-dependent manner. The calcium signaling may mediate PMA-triggered upregulation of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ying Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; International Program in Engineering for Bachelor, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Horng Jean
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Shing Shieh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan.
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Pastor RF, Repetto MG, Lairion F, Lazarowski A, Merelli A, Manfredi Carabetti Z, Pastor I, Pastor E, Iermoli LV, Bavasso CA, Iermoli RH. Supplementation with Resveratrol, Piperine and Alpha-Tocopherol Decreases Chronic Inflammation in a Cluster of Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103149. [PMID: 33076345 PMCID: PMC7602615 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is increasing worldwide regardless of culture, genetic, gender, and geographic differences. While multiple individual risk factors, such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, can cause cardiovascular disease (CVD), it is the intercurrence of these risk factors that defines MetS as a cluster that creates an environment for atherosclerosis and other manifestations of CVD. Despite the advances in the knowledge and management of each of the components of MetS, there are two molecular biology processes, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, which are still underdiagnosed and undertreated. In order to assess the effect of a dietary supplement on chronic inflammation in MetS, we conducted a clinical trial with volunteers receiving a formula composed of resveratrol, piperine and alpha tocopherol (FRAMINTROL®), together with their habitual treatment, for three months. The inflammatory state was evaluated by ultrasensitive C reactive protein (US CRP) and ferritin in plasma, and oxygen consumption and chemiluminescence in neutrophils. The results showed that ferritin decreased by 10% (p < 0.05), US-CRP by 33% (p < 0.0001), oxygen consumption by 55% (p < 0.0001), and spontaneous chemiluminiscence was by 25% (p < 0.005) after treatment. As far as we know, this is the first study showing a chronic inflammation decrease in MetS patients due to the administration of a biopower Resveratrol-piperine and alpha tocopherol dietary supplement together with conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Francisco Pastor
- Unidad Polifenoles, Vino y Salud, Cuarta Cátedra de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín” Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, City of Buenos Aires C1120AAF, Argentina; (Z.M.C.); (I.P.); (E.P.); (L.V.I.); (C.A.B.); (R.H.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-9-11-4411-4806
| | - Marisa Gabriela Repetto
- Departamento de Físicoquímica y Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires; Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL) Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (UBA-CONICET), City of Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina; (M.G.R.); (F.L.)
| | - Fabiana Lairion
- Departamento de Físicoquímica y Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires; Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL) Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (UBA-CONICET), City of Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina; (M.G.R.); (F.L.)
| | - Alberto Lazarowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina; (A.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Amalia Merelli
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina; (A.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Zulma Manfredi Carabetti
- Unidad Polifenoles, Vino y Salud, Cuarta Cátedra de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín” Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, City of Buenos Aires C1120AAF, Argentina; (Z.M.C.); (I.P.); (E.P.); (L.V.I.); (C.A.B.); (R.H.I.)
| | - Isabel Pastor
- Unidad Polifenoles, Vino y Salud, Cuarta Cátedra de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín” Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, City of Buenos Aires C1120AAF, Argentina; (Z.M.C.); (I.P.); (E.P.); (L.V.I.); (C.A.B.); (R.H.I.)
| | - Elena Pastor
- Unidad Polifenoles, Vino y Salud, Cuarta Cátedra de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín” Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, City of Buenos Aires C1120AAF, Argentina; (Z.M.C.); (I.P.); (E.P.); (L.V.I.); (C.A.B.); (R.H.I.)
| | - Laura Valeria Iermoli
- Unidad Polifenoles, Vino y Salud, Cuarta Cátedra de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín” Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, City of Buenos Aires C1120AAF, Argentina; (Z.M.C.); (I.P.); (E.P.); (L.V.I.); (C.A.B.); (R.H.I.)
| | - Carlos Amadeo Bavasso
- Unidad Polifenoles, Vino y Salud, Cuarta Cátedra de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín” Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, City of Buenos Aires C1120AAF, Argentina; (Z.M.C.); (I.P.); (E.P.); (L.V.I.); (C.A.B.); (R.H.I.)
| | - Roberto Héctor Iermoli
- Unidad Polifenoles, Vino y Salud, Cuarta Cátedra de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín” Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, City of Buenos Aires C1120AAF, Argentina; (Z.M.C.); (I.P.); (E.P.); (L.V.I.); (C.A.B.); (R.H.I.)
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Role of the Platelets and Nitric Oxide Biotransformation in Ischemic Stroke: A Translative Review from Bench to Bedside. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2979260. [PMID: 32908630 PMCID: PMC7474795 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2979260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke remains the fifth cause of death, as reported worldwide annually. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) manifesting with lower nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability leads to increased vascular tone, inflammation, and platelet activation and remains among the major contributors to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Moreover, temporal fluctuations in the NO bioavailability during ischemic stroke point to its key role in the cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation, and some data suggest that they may be responsible for the maintenance of CBF within the ischemic penumbra in order to reduce infarct size. Several years ago, the inhibitory role of the platelet NO production on a thrombus formation has been discovered, which initiated the era of extensive studies on the platelet-derived nitric oxide (PDNO) as a platelet negative feedback regulator. Very recently, Radziwon-Balicka et al. discovered two subpopulations of human platelets, based on the expression of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS-positive or eNOS-negative platelets, respectively). The e-NOS-negative ones fail to produce NO, which attenuates their cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway and-as result-promotes adhesion and aggregation while the e-NOS-positive ones limit thrombus formation. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a competitive NOS inhibitor, is an independent cardiovascular risk factor, and its expression alongside with the enzymes responsible for its synthesis and degradation was recently shown also in platelets. Overproduction of ADMA in this compartment may increase platelet activation and cause endothelial damage, additionally to that induced by its plasma pool. All the recent discoveries of diverse eNOS expression in platelets and its role in regulation of thrombus formation together with studies on the NOS inhibitors have opened a new chapter in translational medicine investigating the onset of acute cardiovascular events of ischemic origin. This translative review briefly summarizes the role of platelets and NO biotransformation in the pathogenesis and clinical course of ischemic stroke.
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Radziwon-Balicka A, Lesyk G, Back V, Fong T, Loredo-Calderon EL, Dong B, El-Sikhry H, El-Sherbeni AA, El-Kadi A, Ogg S, Siraki A, Seubert JM, Santos-Martinez MJ, Radomski MW, Velazquez-Martinez CA, Winship IR, Jurasz P. Differential eNOS-signalling by platelet subpopulations regulates adhesion and aggregation. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:1719-1731. [PMID: 29016749 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims In addition to maintaining haemostasis, circulating blood platelets are the cellular culprits that form occlusive thrombi in arteries and veins. Compared to blood leucocytes, which exist as functionally distinct subtypes, platelets are considered to be relatively simple cell fragments that form vascular system plugs without a differentially regulated cellular response. Hence, investigation into platelet subpopulations with distinct functional roles in haemostasis/thrombosis has been limited. In our present study, we investigated whether functionally distinct platelet subpopulations exist based on their ability to generate and respond to nitric oxide (NO), an endogenous platelet inhibitor. Methods and results Utilizing highly sensitive and selective flow cytometry protocols, we demonstrate that human platelet subpopulations exist based on the presence and absence of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Platelets lacking eNOS (approximately 20% of total platelets) fail to produce NO and have a down-regulated soluble guanylate cyclase-protein kinase G (sGC-PKG)-signalling pathway. In flow chamber and aggregation experiments eNOS-negative platelets primarily initiate adhesion to collagen, more readily activate integrin αIIbβ3 and secrete matrix metalloproteinase-2, and form larger aggregates than their eNOS-positive counterparts. Conversely, platelets having an intact eNOS-sGC-PKG-signalling pathway (approximately 80% of total platelets) form the bulk of an aggregate via increased thromboxane synthesis and ultimately limit its size via NO generation. Conclusion These findings reveal previously unrecognized characteristics and complexity of platelets and their regulation of adhesion/aggregation. The identification of platelet subpopulations also has potentially important consequences to human health and disease as impaired platelet NO-signalling has been identified in patients with coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Radziwon-Balicka
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2E1, Canada
| | - Gabriela Lesyk
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2E1, Canada
| | - Valentina Back
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2E1, Canada
| | - Teresa Fong
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2E1, Canada
| | - Erica L Loredo-Calderon
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2E1, Canada
| | - Bin Dong
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2R3, Canada
| | - Haitham El-Sikhry
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2E1, Canada
| | - Ahmed A El-Sherbeni
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2E1, Canada
| | - Ayman El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2E1, Canada
| | - Stephen Ogg
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB T6G-2E1, Canada
| | - Arno Siraki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2E1, Canada
| | - John M Seubert
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2E1, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB T6G-2H7, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2S2, Canada.,Mazankowski Heart Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G-2R7
| | | | - Marek W Radomski
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N-5E5, Canada
| | | | - Ian R Winship
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2R3, Canada
| | - Paul Jurasz
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2E1, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB T6G-2H7, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2S2, Canada.,Mazankowski Heart Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G-2R7
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Bombicino SS, Iglesias DE, Rukavina-Mikusic IA, Buchholz B, Gelpi RJ, Boveris A, Valdez LB. Hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide and ATP are molecules involved in cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis in Diabetes. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:267-276. [PMID: 28756312 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study, in an experimental model of type I Diabetes Mellitus in rats, deals with the mitochondrial production rates and steady-state concentrations of H2O2 and NO, and ATP levels as part of a network of signaling molecules involved in heart mitochondrial biogenesis. Sustained hyperglycemia leads to a cardiac compromise against a work overload, in the absence of changes in resting cardiac performance and of heart hypertrophy. Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by a single dose of Streptozotocin (STZ, 60mg × kg-1, ip.). After 28 days of STZ-injection, rats were sacrificed and hearts were isolated. The mitochondrial mass (mg mitochondrial protein × g heart-1), determined through cytochrome oxidase activity ratio, was 47% higher in heart from diabetic than from control animals. Stereological analysis of cardiac tissue microphotographs showed an increase in the cytosolic volume occupied by mitochondria (30%) and in the number of mitochondria per unit area (52%), and a decrease in the mean area of each mitochondrion (23%) in diabetic respect to control rats. Additionally, an enhancement (76%) in PGC-1α expression was observed in cardiac tissue of diabetic animals. Moreover, heart mitochondrial H2O2 (127%) and NO (23%) productions and mtNOS expression (132%) were higher, while mitochondrial ATP production rate was lower (~ 40%), concomitantly with a partial-mitochondrial depolarization, in diabetic than in control rats. Changes in mitochondrial H2O2 and NO steady-state concentrations and an imbalance between cellular energy demand and mitochondrial energy transduction could be involved in the signaling pathways that lead to the novo synthesis of mitochondria. However, this compensatory mechanism triggered to restore the mitochondrial and tissue normal activities, did not lead to competent mitochondria capable of supplying the energetic demands in diabetic pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina S Bombicino
- University of Buenos Aires, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry Division, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Darío E Iglesias
- University of Buenos Aires, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry Division, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ivana A Rukavina-Mikusic
- University of Buenos Aires, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry Division, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bruno Buchholz
- University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Medicine, Pathology Department, Cardiovascular Physiopathology Institute (INFICA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo J Gelpi
- University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Medicine, Pathology Department, Cardiovascular Physiopathology Institute (INFICA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Boveris
- University of Buenos Aires, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry Division, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura B Valdez
- University of Buenos Aires, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry Division, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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8
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Role of Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Sepsis and Potential Therapies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5985209. [PMID: 28904739 PMCID: PMC5585571 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5985209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the most important causes of death in intensive care units. Despite the fact that sepsis pathogenesis remains obscure, there is increasing evidence that oxidants and antioxidants play a key role. The imbalance of the abovementioned substances in favor of oxidants is called oxidative stress, and it contributes to sepsis process. The most important consequences are vascular permeability impairment, decreased cardiac performance, and mitochondrial malfunction leading to impaired respiration. Nitric oxide is perhaps the most important and well-studied oxidant. Selenium, vitamin C, and 3N-acetylcysteine among others are potential therapies for the restoration of redox balance in sepsis. Results from recent studies are promising, but there is a need for more human studies in a clinical setting for safety and efficiency evaluation.
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Flavin-containing enzymes as a source of reactive oxygen species in HEMA-induced apoptosis. Dent Mater 2017; 33:e255-e271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Cintia PG, Leonardo M, Israel ORW, Andrea S, Beatriz VL, Elena DM. Superoxide Dismutase Activity, Hydrogen Peroxide Steady-State Concentration, and Bactericidal and Phagocytic Activities Against Moraxella bovis, in Neutrophils Isolated from Copper-Deficient Bovines. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 171:94-100. [PMID: 26400649 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0505-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) deficiency increases occurrence of certain infectious diseases in animals, including infectious keratoconjunctivitis in bovines, a bacterial ocular inflammation caused by Moraxella bovis. Neutrophil leukocytes constitute the first phagocytic cells to arrive at infection sites for bacterial neutralization. The objective of this work was to evaluate whether the functionality of neutrophils against M. bovis is impaired in experimentally induced Cu deficiency in bovines using high molybdenum and sulfur levels in the diet. The Cu tissue values and the periocular achromotrichia observed in +Mo animals showed that the clinic phase of Cu deficiency was reached in this group. Instead, +Cu animals have not evidenced clinical signs or biochemical parameters of hypocuprosis. On the basis of our observations, we concluded that Cu deficiency has no effect on phagocytic and bactericidal activities of neutrophils against M. bovis. However, superoxide dismutase activity and peroxide hydrogen generation were significantly different between groups. Therefore, additional research to explain these results is merited to fully characterize the consequences of Cu status on the risk for infections under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Postma Gabriela Cintia
- Cátedra de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Minatel Leonardo
- Cátedra de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Olivares Roberto Walter Israel
- Cátedra de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Schapira Andrea
- Cátedra de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valdez Laura Beatriz
- Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dallorso Maria Elena
- Cátedra de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Takahama U, Ansai T, Hirota S. Nitrogen Oxides Toxicology of the Aerodigestive Tract. ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62645-5.00004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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Shafran Y, Zurgil N, Afrimzon E, Tauber Y, Sobolev M, Shainberg A, Deutsch M. Correlative Analyses of Nitric Oxide Generation Rates and Nitric Oxide Synthase Levels in Individual Cells Using a Modular Cell-Retaining Device. Anal Chem 2012; 84:7315-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ac202741z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yana Shafran
- The
Biophysical Interdisciplinary Schottenstein Center for the Research
and Technology of the Cellome, and ‡The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life
Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900 Israel
| | - Naomi Zurgil
- The
Biophysical Interdisciplinary Schottenstein Center for the Research
and Technology of the Cellome, and ‡The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life
Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900 Israel
| | - Elena Afrimzon
- The
Biophysical Interdisciplinary Schottenstein Center for the Research
and Technology of the Cellome, and ‡The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life
Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900 Israel
| | - Yishay Tauber
- The
Biophysical Interdisciplinary Schottenstein Center for the Research
and Technology of the Cellome, and ‡The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life
Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900 Israel
| | - Maria Sobolev
- The
Biophysical Interdisciplinary Schottenstein Center for the Research
and Technology of the Cellome, and ‡The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life
Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900 Israel
| | - Asher Shainberg
- The
Biophysical Interdisciplinary Schottenstein Center for the Research
and Technology of the Cellome, and ‡The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life
Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900 Israel
| | - Mordechai Deutsch
- The
Biophysical Interdisciplinary Schottenstein Center for the Research
and Technology of the Cellome, and ‡The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life
Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900 Israel
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Das S, Chakraborty SP, Roy S, Roy S. Nicotine induced pro-oxidant and antioxidant imbalance in rat lymphocytes:in vivodose and time dependent approaches. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 22:711-20. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2012.718812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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14
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Rodriguez PC, Valdez LB, Zaobornyj T, Boveris A, Beconi MT. Nitric Oxide and Superoxide Anion Production During Heparin-Induced Capacitation in Cryopreserved Bovine Spermatozoa. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 46:74-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01583.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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15
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In vitro nicotine induced superoxide mediated DNA fragmentation in lymphocytes: protective role of Andrographis paniculata Nees. Toxicol In Vitro 2008; 23:90-8. [PMID: 19027060 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Revised: 10/05/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine is a pharmacologically active substance and potent recreational drug present in smoke and smokeless tobacco products. The present study was initiated to investigate the protective role of Andrographis paniculata products (andrographolide and aqueous extract) on in vitro nicotine induced lymphocyte toxicity. Andrographolide and aqueous extract was isolated and characterized by HPLC, FTIR, TLC and biochemical assays. Significant (P<0.05) increase of superoxide anion generation, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and DNA fragmentation and decrease of cell viability, SOD and GSH content were observed in both 10mM and 100mM nicotine exposure. Different concentration of andrographolide and aqueous extract from A. paniculata supplement decreased oxidative stress in lymphocytes with the fall in superoxide anion generation, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, DNA fragmentation and rise in cell viability and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes; SOD and GSH. The above findings indicate that A. paniculata products modulate the nicotine induced toxicity in lymphocytes through decreased superoxide mediated oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation. Hence, A. paniculata can be used as therapeutic means against nicotine mediated lymphocytes function.
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Field SM, Villamena FA. Theoretical and experimental studies of tyrosyl hydroperoxide formation in the presence of H-bond donors. Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 21:1923-32. [PMID: 18816073 DOI: 10.1021/tx8001687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative damage to biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, nucleotides, and sugars has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Superoxide radical anion (O 2 (*-)) addition to nitrones bearing an amide N-H has been shown to be more favored as compared to other nitrones [ Villamena, F. A. , ( 2007) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 8177- 8191 ]. It has also been demonstrated by others [ Winterbourn, C. C. , ( 2004) Biochem. J. 381, 241- 248 ] that O 2 (*-) addition to tyrosine to form hydroperoxide is favored in the presence of basic amino groups, but the mechanism for this observation remains obscure. We, therefore, hypothesized that the alpha-effect resulting from the interaction of O 2 (*-) with N-H can play a crucial role in the enhancement of hydroperoxide formation. Understanding this phenomenon is important in the elucidation of mechanisms leading to oxidative stress in cellular systems. Computational (at the PCM/B3LYP/6-31+G**//B3LYP/6-31G level of theory) as well as experimental studies were carried out to shed insights into the effect of amide or amino N-H on the enhancement (or stabilization) of hydroperoxide formation in tyrosine. H-bond interaction of amino acid group with O 2 (*-) results in the perturbation of the spin and charge densities of O 2 (*-). A similar phenomenon has been predicted for non-amino acids bearing H-bond donor groups. Using the FOX assay, tyrosyl hydroperoxide formation was enhanced in the presence of H-bond donors from amino acids and non-amino acids. The role of H-bonding in either stabilizing the hydroperoxide adduct or facilitating O 2 (*-) addition via an alpha-effect was further theoretically investigated, and results show that the latter mechanism is more thermodynamically preferred. This study provides new mechanistic insights in the initiation of oxidative modification to tyrosyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Field
- Department of Pharmacology and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Valdez LB, Zaobornyj T, Boveris A. Mitochondrial metabolic states and membrane potential modulate mtNOS activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2006; 1757:166-72. [PMID: 16624252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2006.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2005] [Revised: 02/17/2006] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial metabolic state regulates the rate of NO release from coupled mitochondria: NO release by heart, liver and kidney mitochondria was about 40-45% lower in state 3 (1.2, 0.7 and 0.4 nmol/min mg protein) than in state 4 (2.2, 1.3 and 0.7 nmol/min mg protein). The activity of mtNOS, responsible for NO release, appears driven by the membrane potential component and not by intramitochondrial pH of the proton motive force. The intramitochondrial concentrations of the NOS substrates, L-arginine (about 310 microM) and NADPH (1.04-1.78 mM) are 60-1000 times higher than their KM values. Moreover, the changes in their concentrations in the state 4-state 3 transition are not enough to explain the changes in NO release. Nitric oxide release was exponentially dependent on membrane potential as reported for mitochondrial H2O2 production [S.S. Korshunov, V.P. Skulachev, A.A. Satarkov, High protonic potential actuates a mechanism of production of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. FEBS Lett. 416 (1997) 15-18.]. Agents that decrease or abolish membrane potential minimize NO release while the addition of oligomycin that produces mitochondrial hyperpolarization generates the maximal NO release. The regulation of mtNOS activity, an apparently voltage-dependent enzyme, by membrane potential is marked at the physiological range of membrane potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Valdez
- Laboratory of Free Radical Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Rodrigues NP, Bedioui F, Deutsch A, Zurgil N, Afrimzon E, Shafran Y, Deutsch M. Construction and use of an integrated electrochemical device for the detection of biologically relevant compounds released from non-adherent cells: Application for the electrochemical determination of nitric oxide produced by human U937 cells. Electrochem commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2005.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Victor VM, Rocha M, De la Fuente M. Immune cells: free radicals and antioxidants in sepsis. Int Immunopharmacol 2004; 4:327-47. [PMID: 15037211 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2004.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2003] [Revised: 01/13/2004] [Accepted: 01/29/2004] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), associated with inflammation, leads to a condition of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is a major contributing factor to the high mortality rates associated with several diseases such as endotoxic shock. This condition can be controlled to a certain degree by antioxidant therapies. Immune cells use ROS in order to support their functions and therefore need adequate levels of antioxidant defenses in order to avoid the harmful effect of an excessive production of ROS. This review discusses the toxic effects of endotoxin, paying particular attention to immune function. It continues by analyzing the mechanism to which specific cells of the immune system recognize endotoxin, and the resulting pathways leading to nuclear factor-kappaB activation and proinflammatory gene transcription. We also focus on the involvement of reactive oxygen and nitric oxide (NO) and the protective role of antioxidants. The potential clinical use of antioxidants in the treatment of sepsis and the effects on the redox state of the immune cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Victor
- Unidad Mixta Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III-Universidad de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Boveris A, Valdez LB, Alvarez S, Zaobornyj T, Boveris AD, Navarro A. Kidney mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase. Antioxid Redox Signal 2003; 5:265-71. [PMID: 12880481 DOI: 10.1089/152308603322110841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthase activity was recognized in rat renal cortex mitochondria (mtNOS) with nitric oxide (NO) production rates of 0.14-0.78 nmol/min/mg of protein. Rat pretreatment with enalapril (30 mg/kg/day i.p., up to 15 days) increased NO production in kidney, liver, and heart mitochondria. In kidney, mtNOS activity and mtNOS protein, measured by western blot densitometry, were 5 and 2.3 times increased, respectively. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis with the probe N-methyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate/FeSO(4) detected NO production in mitochondria isolated from enalapril-treated rats, but not in control untreated animals. Polyclonal antibodies anti-iNOS and anti-nNOS detected kidney mtNOS in western blots and inhibited mtNOS biochemical activity. The enzymatic activity of kidney mtNOS generates intramitochondrial NO concentrations that regulate mitochondrial functions: state 3 respiration was decreased by 12-28%, and state 4 hydrogen peroxide production was increased 12-35%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boveris
- Laboratory of Free Radical Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Boveris A, Alvarez S, Navarro A. The role of mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase in inflammation and septic shock. Free Radic Biol Med 2002; 33:1186-93. [PMID: 12398926 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(02)01009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide and cytokines constitute the molecular markers and the intercellular messengers of inflammation and septic shock. Septic shock occurs with an exacerbated inflammatory response that damages tissue mitochondria. Skeletal muscle appears as one of the main target organs in septic shock, showing an increased nitric oxide (NO) production, an early oxidative stress, and contractile failure. Mitochondria isolated from rat and human skeletal muscle in septic shock show a markedly increased NO generation and a decreased state 3 respiration, more marked with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-linked substrates than with succinate, without uncoupling or impairment of phosphorylation. One of the current hypothesis for the molecular mechanisms of septic shock is that the enhanced NO production by mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase (mtNOS) leads to excessive peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) production and protein nitration in the mitochondrial matrix, to mitochondrial dysfunction and to contractile failure. Surface chemiluminescence is a useful assay to assess inflammation and oxidative stress in in situ liver and skeletal muscle. Liver chemiluminescence in inflammatory processes and phagocyte chemiluminescence have been found spectrally different from spontaneous liver chemiluminescence with increased 440-600 nm emission, likely due to NO and ONOO(-) participation in the reactions leading to the formation of excited species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boveris
- Laboratory of Free Radical Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Boveris A, Alvarez S, Bustamante J, Valdez L. Measurement of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide production in isolated cells and subcellular organelles. Methods Enzymol 2002; 349:280-7. [PMID: 11912917 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(02)49342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boveris
- Laboratory of Free Radical Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Boveris A, Valdez L, Alvarez S. Inhibition by wine polyphenols of peroxynitrite-initiated chemiluminescence and NADH oxidation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002; 957:90-102. [PMID: 12074964 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02908.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) is a powerful oxidant produced by neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes as a signaling and cytotoxic molecule from their primary production of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O(2)(-)). In the vascular space, ONOO(-) will likely oxidize lipoproteins and promote atherogenesis. Pure wine flavonoids (catechin, epicatechin, myricetin), hydroxycinnamates (caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid), and plain Argentine red wines were assayed as ONOO(-) scavengers in two assays: (a) ONOO(-)-initiated chemiluminescence and (b) ONOO(-)-dependent oxidation. The assayed polyphenols as well as the red wines were effective inhibitors of the ONOO(-)-driven oxidation reactions. Fifty percent of the pure substances were observed in the range of 30-300 microM and in the case of red wines with the equivalent of 80-120 microM of flavonoids. The amphipatic nature of wine polyphenols will lead to their accumulation at the lipoprotein surface, according to the Gibbs adsorption equation, where they are likely to prevent ONOO(-)-induced tyrosine nitration and LDL modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boveris
- Laboratory of Free Radical Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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