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Choi K, Kim H, Nam SY, Heo CY. Enhancement of skin rejuvenation and hair growth through novel near-infrared light emitting diode (nNIR) lighting: in vitro and in vivo study. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:104. [PMID: 38630175 PMCID: PMC11024053 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the impact of a novel near-infrared LED (nNIR) with an extended spectrum on skin enhancement and hair growth. Various LED sources, including White and nNIRs, were compared across multiple parameters: cytotoxicity, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction, skin thickness, collagen synthesis, collagenase expression, and hair follicle growth. Experiments were conducted on human skin cells and animal models. Cytotoxicity, ATP synthesis, and ROS reduction were evaluated in human skin cells exposed to nNIRs and Whites. LED irradiation effects were also studied on a UV-induced photoaging mouse model, analyzing skin thickness, collagen synthesis, and collagenase expression. Hair growth promotion was examined as well. Results revealed both White and nNIR were non-cytotoxic to human skin cells. nNIR enhanced ATP and collagen synthesis while reducing ROS levels, outperforming the commonly used 2chip LEDs. In the UV-induced photoaging mouse model, nNIR irradiation led to reduced skin thickness, increased collagen synthesis, and lowered collagenase expression. Additionally, nNIR irradiation stimulated hair growth, augmented skin thickness, and increased hair follicle count. In conclusion, the study highlighted positive effects of White and nNIR irradiation on skin and hair growth. However, nNIR exhibited superior outcomes compared to White. Its advancements in ATP content, collagen synthesis, collagenase inhibition, and hair growth promotion imply increased ATP synthesis activity. These findings underscore nNIR therapy's potential as an innovative and effective approach for enhancing skin and promoting hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keonwoo Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Korean Institute of Nonclinical Study, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- H&BIO Corporation/R&D Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongbin Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Korean Institute of Nonclinical Study, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- H&BIO Corporation/R&D Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Nam
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- H&BIO Corporation/R&D Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Yeong Heo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
- Korean Institute of Nonclinical Study, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
- H&BIO Corporation/R&D Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Jovanović M, Kovačević S, Brkljačić J, Djordjevic A. Oxidative Stress Linking Obesity and Cancer: Is Obesity a 'Radical Trigger' to Cancer? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098452. [PMID: 37176160 PMCID: PMC10179114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is on the rise worldwide, and consequently, obesity-related non-communicable diseases are as well. Nutritional overload induces metabolic adaptations in an attempt to restore the disturbed balance, and the byproducts of the mechanisms at hand include an increased generation of reactive species. Obesity-related oxidative stress causes damage to vulnerable systems and ultimately contributes to neoplastic transformation. Dysfunctional obese adipose tissue releases cytokines and induces changes in the cell microenvironment, promoting cell survival and progression of the transformed cancer cells. Other than the increased risk of cancer development, obese cancer patients experience higher mortality rates and reduced therapy efficiency as well. The fact that obesity is considered the second leading preventable cause of cancer prioritizes the research on the mechanisms connecting obesity to cancerogenesis and finding the solutions to break the link. Oxidative stress is integral at different stages of cancer development and advancement in obese patients. Hypocaloric, balanced nutrition, and structured physical activity are some tools for relieving this burden. However, the sensitivity of simultaneously treating cancer and obesity poses a challenge. Further research on the obesity-cancer liaison would offer new perspectives on prevention programs and treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Jovanović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Kovačević
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Brkljačić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Djordjevic
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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Potential of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Padina boergesenii as a Natural UV Filter in Sunscreen Cream Formulation. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13010239. [PMID: 36676188 PMCID: PMC9862676 DOI: 10.3390/life13010239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown seaweeds, due to their wide range of bioactive compounds, have a high ability to inhibit free radicals and protect against ultraviolet rays. In the present study, the ethyl acetate fraction (EF) was isolated from the Padina boergesenii brown seaweed. Antioxidant activity (by the DPPH scavenging activity method) and cytotoxicity against UVB-induced cytotoxicity in HaCaT human keratinocytes were evaluated. Then, this fraction was used as a bio-filter in the formulation of sunscreen, and the physical properties and stability were investigated. The results showed that the EF could inhibit DPPH radical scavenging (54 ± 1%) and cell viability of HaCaT keratinocytes exposed to UVB irradiation (81.2 ± 0.1%). The results of the stability study of the cream formulated with EF showed that at temperatures 4 °C and 25 °C it has high stability; and at 40 °C on the 28th day, a slight decrease in its stability was observed. The pH and Sun Protection Factor of the cream formulated with EF were reported at 5.8 and 20.55, respectively. Also, the DPPH scavenging activity of the cream was not altered for 28 days of storage at temperatures of 4-40 °C. According to our results, it was proved that the sunscreen formulated with EF of P. boergesenii brown seaweed has promising properties and characteristics that can create a new opportunity for the development of cosmetics and skin care products.
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Pincemail J, Meziane S. On the Potential Role of the Antioxidant Couple Vitamin E/Selenium Taken by the Oral Route in Skin and Hair Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2270. [PMID: 36421456 PMCID: PMC9686906 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between oxidative stress and skin aging/disorders is well established. Many topical and oral antioxidants (vitamins C and E, carotenoids, polyphenols) have been proposed to protect the skin against the deleterious effect induced by increased reactive oxygen species production, particularly in the context of sun exposure. In this review, we focused on the combination of vitamin E and selenium taken in supplements since both molecules act in synergy either by non-enzymatic and enzymatic pathways to eliminate skin lipids peroxides, which are strongly implicated in skin and hair disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Pincemail
- CHU of Liège, Platform Antioxidant Nutrition and Health, Pathology Tower, 4130, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Smail Meziane
- Institut Européen des Antioxydants, 54000 Nancy, France
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Carotenoids in Human SkinIn Vivo: Antioxidant and Photo-Protectant Role against External and Internal Stressors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081451. [PMID: 35892651 PMCID: PMC9394334 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant system of the human body plays a crucial role in maintaining redox homeostasis and has an important protective function. Carotenoids have pronounced antioxidant properties in the neutralization of free radicals. In human skin, carotenoids have a high concentration in the stratum corneum (SC)-the horny outermost layer of the epidermis, where they accumulate within lipid lamellae. Resonance Raman spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy are optical methods that are used to non-invasively determine the carotenoid concentration in the human SC in vivo. It was shown by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy that carotenoids support the entire antioxidant status of the human SC in vivo by neutralizing free radicals and thus, counteracting the development of oxidative stress. This review is devoted to assembling the kinetics of the carotenoids in the human SC in vivo using non-invasive optical and spectroscopic methods. Factors contributing to the changes of the carotenoid concentration in the human SC and their influence on the antioxidant status of the SC in vivo are summarized. The effect of chemotherapy on the carotenoid concentration of the SC in cancer patients is presented. A potential antioxidant-based pathomechanism of chemotherapy-induced hand-foot syndrome and a method to reduce its frequency and severity are discussed.
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Antioxidant Therapy in Cancer: Rationale and Progress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061128. [PMID: 35740025 PMCID: PMC9220137 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by increased oxidative stress, an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants. Enhanced ROS accumulation, as a result of metabolic disturbances and signaling aberrations, can promote carcinogenesis and malignant progression by inducing gene mutations and activating pro-oncogenic signaling, providing a possible rationale for targeting oxidative stress in cancer treatment. While numerous antioxidants have demonstrated therapeutic potential, their clinical efficacy in cancer remains unproven. Here, we review the rationale for, and recent advances in, pre-clinical and clinical research on antioxidant therapy in cancer, including targeting ROS with nonenzymatic antioxidants, such as NRF2 activators, vitamins, N-acetylcysteine and GSH esters, or targeting ROS with enzymatic antioxidants, such as NOX inhibitors and SOD mimics. In addition, we will offer insights into prospective therapeutic options for improving the effectiveness of antioxidant therapy, which may expand its applications in clinical cancer treatment.
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Babity S, Couture F, Campos EVR, Hedtrich S, Hagen R, Fehr D, Bonmarin M, Brambilla D. A Naked Eye-Invisible Ratiometric Fluorescent Microneedle Tattoo for Real-Time Monitoring of Inflammatory Skin Conditions. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102070. [PMID: 34921529 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The field of portable healthcare monitoring devices has an urgent need for the development of real-time, noninvasive sensing and detection methods for various physiological analytes. Currently, transdermal sensing techniques are severely limited in scope (i.e., measurement of heart rate or sweat composition), or else tend to be invasive, often needing to be performed in a clinical setting. This study proposes a minimally invasive alternative strategy, consisting of using dissolving polymeric microneedles to deliver naked eye-invisible functional fluorescent ratiometric microneedle tattoos directly to the skin for real-time monitoring and quantification of physiological and pathological parameters. Reactive oxygen species are overexpressed in the skin in association with various pathological conditions. Here, one demonstrates for the first time the microneedle-based delivery to the skin of active fluorescent sensors in the form of an invisible, ratiometric microneedle tattoo capable of sensing reactive oxygen species in a reconstructed human-based skin disease model, as well as an in vivo model of UV-induced dermal inflammation. One also elaborates a universal ratiometric quantification concept coupled with a custom-built, multiwavelength portable fluorescence detection system. Fully realized, this approach presents an opportunity for the minimally invasive monitoring of a broad range of physiological parameters through the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Babity
- Faculté de Pharmacie Université de Montréal C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre‐ville, Montréal Québec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Frédéric Couture
- TransBIOTech 201 Monseigneur‐Bourget Lévis Québec G6V 6Z9 Canada
- Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Institute (INAF) Université Laval, Québec Québec G1K 7P4 Canada
- Centre intégré de santé et de services sociaux de Chaudière‐Appalaches Lévis Québec G6E 3E2 Canada
| | - Estefânia V. R. Campos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of British Columbia 2405 Wesbrook Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
- Human and Natural Sciences Center Federal University of ABC Santo Andre SP 09210‐580 Brazil
| | - Sarah Hedtrich
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of British Columbia 2405 Wesbrook Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Raphael Hagen
- School of Engineering Zurich University of Applied Sciences Technikumstrasse 9 Winterthur 8400 Switzerland
| | - Daniel Fehr
- School of Engineering Zurich University of Applied Sciences Technikumstrasse 9 Winterthur 8400 Switzerland
| | - Mathias Bonmarin
- School of Engineering Zurich University of Applied Sciences Technikumstrasse 9 Winterthur 8400 Switzerland
| | - Davide Brambilla
- Faculté de Pharmacie Université de Montréal C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre‐ville, Montréal Québec H3C 3J7 Canada
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Arda H, Doğanlar O. Stress-induced miRNAs isolated from wheat have a unique therapeutic potential in ultraviolet-stressed human keratinocyte cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:17977-17996. [PMID: 34677776 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the existence of cross-kingdom gene regulation. However, the therapeutic potential of stress-specific plant miRNAs and their role in UV-related pathologies in human tissue remain largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action of stress-induced miRNA cocktails (SI-WmiRs) from Einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.) on human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells exposed to a high dose of UV-B radiation. We used a biofactory approach and irradiated wheatgrass with UV-C for 240 min to obtain the specific SI-WmiRs that wheat produces to recover from UV stress. We followed the plant with molecular and biochemical analyses and extracted our SI-WmiRs at the most appropriate time (0 h and 6 h after UV-C application). Then, we applied the SI-WmiR cocktail to HaCaT cells exposed to high-dose of UV-B radiation. Our results show that UV-B radiation induced lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, as demonstrated by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and changes in the RAPD band profile, respectively. UV stress also impaired IL6/JAK2/STAT3 signalling and activated the inflammatory mediators IL6 and TNF-α in HaCaT cells, leading to significant induction of apoptotic cell death. We found that SI-WmiR transfection prevents lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress-related DNA damage by increasing antioxidant (CuZn-SOD, Mn-SOD) and DNA repair (EXO1, SMUG1 and XRCC3) gene expression. In addition, SI-WmiRs regulated IL6/JAK2/STAT3 signalling by reducing JAK2 and STAT3 gene expression and phosphorylated protein levels compared to the control treatments. Moreover, SI-WmiRs inhibited pro-apoptotic BAX, Caspase 3 and Caspase 8 gene expression and protein levels to prevent apoptosis of UV-stressed HaCaT cells. Our results demonstrate that stress-induced wheat miRNAs produced using a biofactory approach have strong potential as a novel and effective alternative therapy for UV stress-related skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayati Arda
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Oğuzhan Doğanlar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne, Turkey.
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Application of 233 nm far-UVC LEDs for eradication of MRSA and MSSA and risk assessment on skin models. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2587. [PMID: 35173210 PMCID: PMC8850561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06397-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A newly developed UVC LED source with an emission wavelength of 233 nm was proved on bactericidal efficacy and skin tolerability. The bactericidal efficacy was qualitatively analysed using blood agar test. Subsequently, quantitative analyses were performed on germ carrier tests using the MRSA strain DSM11822, the MSSA strain DSM799, S. epidermidis DSM1798 with various soil loads. Additionally, the compatibility of the germicidal radiation doses on excised human skin and reconstructed human epidermis was proved. Cell viability, DNA damage and production of radicals were assessed in comparison to typical UVC radiation from discharge lamps (222 nm, 254 nm) and UVB (280–380 nm) radiation for clinical assessment. At a dose of 40 mJ/cm2, the 233 nm light source reduced the viable microorganisms by a log10 reduction (LR) of 5 log10 levels if no soil load was present. Mucin and protein containing soil loads diminished the effect to an LR of 1.5–3.3. A salt solution representing artificial sweat (pH 8.4) had only minor effects on the reduction. The viability of the skin models was not reduced and the DNA damage was far below the damage evoked by 0.1 UVB minimal erythema dose, which can be regarded as safe. Furthermore, the induced damage vanished after 24 h. Irradiation on four consecutive days also did not evoke DNA damage. The radical formation was far lower than 20 min outdoor visible light would cause, which is classified as low radical load and can be compensated by the antioxidant defence system.
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Volatier T, Schumacher B, Cursiefen C, Notara M. UV Protection in the Cornea: Failure and Rescue. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020278. [PMID: 35205145 PMCID: PMC8868636 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The sun is a deadly laser, and its damaging rays harm exposed tissues such as our skin and eyes. The skin’s protection and repair mechanisms are well understood and utilized in therapeutic approaches while the eye lacks such complete understanding of its defenses and therefore often lacks therapeutic support in most cases. The aim here was to document the similarities and differences between the two tissues as well as understand where current research stands on ocular, particularly corneal, ultraviolet protection. The objective is to identify what mechanisms may be best suited for future investigation and valuable therapeutic approaches. Abstract Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation induces DNA lesions in all directly exposed tissues. In the human body, two tissues are chronically exposed to UV: the skin and the cornea. The most frequent UV-induced DNA lesions are cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) that can lead to apoptosis or induce tumorigenesis. Lacking the protective pigmentation of the skin, the transparent cornea is particularly dependent on nucleotide excision repair (NER) to remove UV-induced DNA lesions. The DNA damage response also triggers intracellular autophagy mechanisms to remove damaged material in the cornea; these mechanisms are poorly understood despite their noted involvement in UV-related diseases. Therapeutic solutions involving xenogenic DNA-repair enzymes such as T4 endonuclease V or photolyases exist and are widely distributed for dermatological use. The corneal field lacks a similar set of tools to address DNA-lesions in photovulnerable patients, such as those with genetic disorders or recently transplanted tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Volatier
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.C.); (M.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses, Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.C.); (M.N.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Notara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.C.); (M.N.)
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses, Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
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Cooper KL, Volk LB, Dominguez DR, Duran AD, Ke Jian Liu KJ, Hudson LG. Contribution of NADPH oxidase to the retention of UVR-induced DNA damage by arsenic. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 434:115799. [PMID: 34798142 PMCID: PMC10115133 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a naturally occurring element present in food, soil and water and human exposure is associated with increased cancer risk. Arsenic inhibits DNA repair at low, non-cytotoxic concentrations and amplifies the mutagenic and carcinogenic impact of other DNA-damaging agents, such as ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Arsenic exposure leads to oxidation of zinc coordinating cysteine residues, zinc loss and decreased activity of the DNA repair protein poly(ADP)ribose polymerase (PARP)-1. Because arsenic stimulates NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity leading to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the goal of this study was to investigate the role of NOX in arsenic-induced inhibition of PARP activity and retention of DNA damage. NOX involvement in the arsenic response was assessed in vitro and in vivo. Keratinocytes were treated with or without arsenite, solar-simulated UVR, NOX inhibitors and/or isoform specific NOX siRNA. Knockdown or inhibition of NOX decreased arsenite-induced ROS, PARP-1 oxidation and DNA damage retention, while restoring arsenite inhibition of PARP-1 activity. The NOX2 isoform was determined to be the major contributor to arsenite-induced ROS generation and DNA damage retention. In vivo DNA damage was measured by immunohistochemical staining and analysis of dorsal epidermis sections from C57BI/6 and p91phox knockout (NOX2-/-) mice. There was no significant difference in solar-simulated UVR DNA damage as detected by percent PH2AX positive cells within NOX2-/- mice versus control. In contrast, arsenite-dependent retention of UVR-induced DNA damage was markedly reduced. Altogether, the in vitro and in vivo findings indicate that NOX is involved in arsenic enhancement of UVR-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Cooper
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Lindsay B Volk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Dayna R Dominguez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Antonia D Duran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - K J Ke Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Laurie G Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America.
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Lee TA, Huang YT, Hsiao PF, Chiu LY, Chern SR, Wu NL. Critical roles of irradiance in the regulation of UVB-induced inflammasome activation and skin inflammation in human skin keratinocytes. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 226:112373. [PMID: 34959183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
UVB dosage is generally regarded as the most critical factor that determines the severity of UVB-induced skin erythema. However, recent studies have demonstrated that different UV irradiances induce varying biological responses in mouse skin even at constant UV doses. UVB-induced inflammasome activation is particularly observed in human skin keratinocytes, which are classified as immunocompetent cells, but not in mouse skin keratinocytes, which do not express sufficient inflammasome complex components. In human skin UVB-induced sunburn reactions, NLRP1 inflammasome activation critically mediates the inflammatory responses. Here, we employed primary human skin keratinocytes to explore the impact of different irradiances of a constant UVB dosage on inflammasome activation and related inflammatory responses. Our findings indicated that low-irradiance UVB induced relatively stronger NLRP1 inflammasome activation, which manifested as more active IL-1β, IL-18 release, and enhanced procaspase-1 cleavage compared to high-irradiance UVB at the same dose. Irradiance did not influence cell lysis or the expression of inflammasome complex proteins including NLRP1, proIL-1β, proIL-18, procaspase-1, and ASC. The UVB-induced TNF-α and cyclooxygenase-2 expression was also relatively higher in keratinocytes exposed to low-irradiance UVB. Low-irradiance UVB also increased reactive oxygen species production. UVB-triggered signaling analysis revealed that low-irradiance UVB resulted in more prominent p38 and JNK activation. Therefore, our findings indicated that, in addition to the role of total dosage, irradiance crucially modulates UVB-elicited inflammation in human skin keratinocytes, thus providing novel insights into human skin photobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-An Lee
- Department of Urology, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ting Huang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Pa-Fan Hsiao
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management.
| | - Ling-Ya Chiu
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Schu-Rern Chern
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Nan-Lin Wu
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Chandra S, Qureshi S, Chopra D, Shukla S, Patel SK, Singh J, Ray RS. UVR-induced phototoxicity mechanism of methyl N-methylanthranilate in human keratinocyte cell line. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 80:105322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ung TPL, Lim S, Solinas X, Mahou P, Chessel A, Marionnet C, Bornschlögl T, Beaurepaire E, Bernerd F, Pena AM, Stringari C. Simultaneous NAD(P)H and FAD fluorescence lifetime microscopy of long UVA-induced metabolic stress in reconstructed human skin. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22171. [PMID: 34772978 PMCID: PMC8589997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet longwave UVA1 exposure of human skin has short-term consequences at cellular and molecular level, leading at long-term to photoaging. Following exposure, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated, inducing oxidative stress that might impair cellular metabolic activity. However, the dynamic of UVA1 impact on cellular metabolism remains unknown because of lacking adequate live imaging techniques. Here we assess the UVA1-induced metabolic stress response in reconstructed human skin with multicolor two-photon fluorescence lifetime microscopy (FLIM). Simultaneous imaging of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(P)H) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) by wavelength mixing allows quantifying cellular metabolism in function of NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H and FAD/FADH2 redox ratios. After UVA1 exposure, we observe an increase of fraction of bound NAD(P)H and decrease of fraction of bound FAD indicating a metabolic switch from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation or oxidative stress possibly correlated to ROS generation. NAD(P)H and FAD biomarkers have unique temporal dynamic and sensitivity to skin cell types and UVA1 dose. While the FAD biomarker is UVA1 dose-dependent in keratinocytes, the NAD(P)H biomarker shows no dose dependence in keratinocytes, but is directly affected after exposure in fibroblasts, thus reflecting different skin cells sensitivities to oxidative stress. Finally, we show that a sunscreen including a UVA1 filter prevents UVA1 metabolic stress response from occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Phuong Lien Ung
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Seongbin Lim
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Xavier Solinas
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Mahou
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Anatole Chessel
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Claire Marionnet
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP 22, 93601, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Thomas Bornschlögl
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP 22, 93601, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Emmanuel Beaurepaire
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Françoise Bernerd
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP 22, 93601, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Ana-Maria Pena
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP 22, 93601, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.
| | - Chiara Stringari
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France.
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15
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Lyons AB, Zubair R, Kohli I, Nahhas AF, Braunberger TL, Mokhtari M, Ruvolo E, Lim HW, Hamzavi IH. Mitigating Visible Light and Long Wavelength UVA1-induced Effects with Topical Antioxidants. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:455-460. [PMID: 34549819 DOI: 10.1111/php.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of topical antioxidants (AOs) on visible light plus ultraviolet A1 (VL+UVA1)-induced skin changes were evaluated. Twenty subjects with skin phototypes (SPTs) I-VI had placebo and concentrations of an AO blend applied to their back (AO 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0%). Treated and control sites were irradiated with VL+UVA1. Colorimetric and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) assessments were performed immediately, 24 h and 7 days after irradiation. Subjects with SPT I-III had erythema that faded within 24 h, while SPT IV-VI had persistent pigmentation. SPT I-III demonstrated significantly less erythema at the 2% AO site while SPT IV-VI demonstrated significantly less immediate pigmentation at 2% AO site and less pigmentation (approaching significance, P = 0.07) on day 7 compared with control. Immunohistochemistry from biopsies of 2% AO and placebo at 24 h did not demonstrate a significant change in COX-2 or MART-1 for any SPT. There was a decrease in cyclin D1 for SPT IV-VI which was approaching significance (P = 0.06) but not for SPT I-III. The results indicate that topical AO inhibits erythema in SPT I-III and reduces pigmentation in SPT IV-VI caused by VL+UVA1. AO may help prevent worsening of pigmentary disorders and should be incorporated into photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis B Lyons
- Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Raheel Zubair
- Graduate Medical Education, Broward Health Medical Center, Fort Lauderdale, FL
| | - Indermeet Kohli
- Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Amanda F Nahhas
- Department of Dermatology, Beaumont-Farmington Hills, Farmington Hills, MI
| | - Taylor L Braunberger
- Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | | | | | - Henry W Lim
- Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Iltefat H Hamzavi
- Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
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16
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Chen YL, Lee GY, Sung MY, Huang JH, Cho EC, Lee KC. Versatile Functionalization of P25 Conjugated ND Nanocomposites for UV-Mediated Free Radical Scavenging and Facilitates Anti-Inflammation Potential in Human Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:39088-39099. [PMID: 34433242 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrated that building different linking groups between nanodiamond (ND) and TiO2 (P25) could provide more effective protection under oxidative stress and ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation compared with the use of TiO2 alone. The establishment of ester (-C-O-O-R), amide (-CONH-), and epoxide-amine adduct (-NHCCO-) groups between ND-TiO2 composites was found to be critical in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by controlling their charge transfer behaviors. We hypothesized that linking groups between the composites dictate the performance of ROS generation from nano-TiO2 under UV-light irradiation due to the differences in linking groups. The results showed that hydroxyl radicals were attenuated by the incorporation of ND. An MTT cell proliferation assay was performed in human cells under the treatment of ND-TiO2 composites to investigate the impacts of composites on cell viability. The results from the luciferase reporter assay suggested they have anti-inflammatory activity and can reduce cellular DNA damage under ROS stimulation. A zebrafish model was also applied with the ND-TiO2 composite treatment to demonstrate the safety aspects of the composites in vivo and their biomedical application potential. Studies exploring ROS generation behaviors in different linking groups suggested that interactive functionalization between nanoparticles might be an ideal antioxidant and anti-inflammatory strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lun Chen
- Department of Science Education, National Taipei University of Education, No.134, Sec. 2, Heping E. Rd., Da-an District, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Yu Lee
- Department of Science Education, National Taipei University of Education, No.134, Sec. 2, Heping E. Rd., Da-an District, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Sung
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei City, 110, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hsien Huang
- Department of Green Material Technology, Green Technology Research Institute, CPC Corporation, Kaohsiung 81126, Taiwan
| | - Er-Chieh Cho
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei City, 110, Taiwan
- Master Program in Clinical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei City, 110, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Chan Lee
- Department of Science Education, National Taipei University of Education, No.134, Sec. 2, Heping E. Rd., Da-an District, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
- PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, 110, Taiwan
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17
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Melo CPB, Saito P, Vale DL, Rodrigues CCA, Pinto IC, Martinez RM, Bezerra JR, Baracat MM, Verri WA, Fonseca-Bazzo YM, Georgetti SR, Casagrande R. Protection against UVB deleterious skin effects in a mouse model: effect of a topical emulsion containing Cordia verbenacea extract. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1033-1051. [PMID: 34297334 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cordia verbenacea DC (Boraginaceae) is a flowering shrub found along the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, Brazilian coast, and low areas of the Amazon. The crude extract of its leaves is widely used in Brazilian folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, both topically and orally. The aim of this study is to evaluate the activity of C. verbenacea ethanolic leaves extract (CVE) against UVB-triggered cutaneous inflammation and oxidative damage in hairless mice. CVE treatment recovered cutaneous antioxidant capacity demonstrated by scavenging ABTS+ free radical and iron-reducing antioxidant potential evaluated by FRAP. CVE also controlled the following UV-triggered events in the skin: reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion, catalase activity decrease, and superoxide anion (O⋅-) build-up. Furthermore, mice treated with CVE exhibited less inflammation, shown by the reduction in COX-2 expression, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, edema, and neutrophil infiltration. CVE also regulated epidermal thickening and sunburn cells, reduced dermal mast cells, and preserved collagen integrity. The best results were obtained using 5% CVE-added emulsion. The present data demonstrate that topical administration of CVE presents photochemoprotective activity in a mouse model of UVB inflammation and oxidative stress. Because of the intricate network linking inflammation, oxidative stress, and skin cancer, these results also indicate the importance of further studies elucidating a possible role of C. verbenacea in the prevention of UVB-induced skin cancer and evaluating a potential synergy between CVE and sunscreens in topical products against UVB damaging effects to the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina P B Melo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, State University of Londrina-UEL, University Hospital, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Vila Operária, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86039-440, Brazil
| | - Priscila Saito
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, State University of Londrina-UEL, University Hospital, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Vila Operária, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86039-440, Brazil
| | - David L Vale
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, State University of Londrina-UEL, University Hospital, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Vila Operária, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86039-440, Brazil
| | - Camilla C A Rodrigues
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, State University of Londrina-UEL, University Hospital, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Vila Operária, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86039-440, Brazil
| | - Ingrid C Pinto
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, State University of Londrina-UEL, University Hospital, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Vila Operária, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86039-440, Brazil
| | - Renata M Martinez
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, State University of Londrina-UEL, University Hospital, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Vila Operária, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86039-440, Brazil
| | - Julia R Bezerra
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, State University of Londrina-UEL, University Hospital, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Vila Operária, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86039-440, Brazil
| | - Marcela M Baracat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, State University of Londrina-UEL, University Hospital, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Vila Operária, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86039-440, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Pathological Sciences Department, State University of Londrina-UEL, Km 380 Celso Garcia Cid Hwy (PR-445), P.O. Box 10.011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Yris Maria Fonseca-Bazzo
- Quality Control Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Sandra R Georgetti
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, State University of Londrina-UEL, University Hospital, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Vila Operária, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86039-440, Brazil
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, State University of Londrina-UEL, University Hospital, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Vila Operária, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86039-440, Brazil.
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18
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UVB Radiation Protective Effect of Brown Alga Padina australis: A Potential Cosmeceutical Application of Malaysian Seaweed. COSMETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics8030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine natural products are a good source of antioxidants due to the presence of a wide range of bioactive compounds. Accumulating evidence proves the potential use of seaweed-derived ingredients in skincare products. This study aims to evaluate the ultraviolet (UV) protective activity of the ethanol and water extracts of Padina australis. As the preliminary attempt for this discovery, the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were measured, followed by the in vitro antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing the power to shed light on its bioactivity. The UVB protective activity was examined on HaCaT human keratinocyte cells. The findings of this study reveal that the P. australis ethanol extract serves as a promising source of antioxidants, as it exhibits stronger antioxidant activities compared with the water extract in DPPH and the reducing power assays. The P. australis ethanol extract also demonstrated a higher level of total phenolic (76 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid contents (50 mg QE/g). Meanwhile, both the ethanol (400 µg/mL) and water extracts (400 µg/mL) protected the HaCaT cells from UVB-induced cell damage via promoting cell viability. Following that, LCMS analysis reveals that the P. australis ethanol extract consists of sugar alcohol, polysaccharide, carotenoid, terpenoid and fatty acid, whereas the water extract contains compounds from phenol, terpenoid, fatty acid, fatty alcohol and fatty acid amide. In summary, biometabolites derived from P. australis have diverse functional properties, and they could be applied to the developments of cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical products.
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19
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Melo CPB, Saito P, Vale DL, Rodrigues CCA, Pinto IC, Martinez RM, Bezerra JR, Baracat MM, Verri WA, Fonseca-Bazzo YM, Georgetti SR, Casagrande R. Protective effect of oral treatment with Cordia verbenacea extract against UVB irradiation deleterious effects in the skin of hairless mouse. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2021; 216:112151. [PMID: 33581679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Photochemoprotection of the skin can be achieved by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress, which we tested using Cordia verbenacea extract, a medicinal plant known for its rich content of antioxidant molecules and anti-inflammatory activity. In vitro antioxidant evaluation of Cordia verbenacea leaves ethanolic extract (CVE) presented the following results: ferric reducing antioxidant power (886.32 μM equivalent of Trolox/g extract); IC50 of 19.128 μg/ml for scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; IC50 of 12.48 μg/mL for scavenging 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid); decrease of hydroperoxides from linoleic acid (IC50 of 10.20 μg/mL); inhibition of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (IC50 8.90 μg/mL); iron-chelating ability in bathophenanthroline iron assay (IC50 47.35 μg/mL); chemiluminescence triggered by free radicals in the H2O2/horseradish peroxidase/luminol (IC50 0.286 μg/mL) and xanthine/xanthine oxidase/luminol (IC50 0.42 μg/mL) methods. CVE (10-100 mg per kg, 30 min before and immediately after UVB exposure) treatment was performed by gavage in hairless mice. CVE inhibited skin edema, neutrophil infiltration, and overproduction of MMP-9; reduced levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL- 6; numbers of skin mast cells, epidermal thickening, number of epidermal apoptotic keratinocytes, and collagen degradation. CVE increased the skin's natural antioxidant defenses as observed by Nrf-2, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1, and heme oxygenase 1 mRNA expression enhancement. Furthermore, CVE inhibited lipid peroxidation and superoxide anion production and recovered antioxidant reduced glutathione, catalase activity, and ROS scavenging capacity of the skin. Concluding, CVE downregulates the skin inflammatory and oxidative damages triggered by UVB, demonstrating its potentialities as a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina P B Melo
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Saito
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - David L Vale
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Camilla C A Rodrigues
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Ingrid C Pinto
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Renata M Martinez
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Julia Rojo Bezerra
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Marcela M Baracat
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, PR445, Cx. Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Yris Maria Fonseca-Bazzo
- Laboratório de Controle da Qualidade, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF CEP 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Sandra R Georgetti
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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20
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Ultraviolet A irradiation induces ultraweak photon emission with characteristic spectral patterns from biomolecules present in human skin. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21667. [PMID: 33303911 PMCID: PMC7728812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with photoaging of the skin as well as with skin cancer, and is therefore, critical to monitor. Ultraweak photon emission (UPE) is extremely weak light generated during the oxidative process in the living body and has been used as a non-invasive and label-free marker for the evaluation of oxidative stress. However, the mechanism of UPE generation is not clear. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying UPE generation by analyzing the spectra of UPE generated from biomolecules in the skin during ultraviolet A (UVA) exposure. The spectra of UVA-induced UPE generated from linoleic acid, linolenic acid, elastin, phospholipids, and 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid were measured, and the spectrum of human skin tissue was also obtained. The spectral patterns varied for the different biomolecules and the peaks were distinct from those of the skin tissue. These results suggested that the UPE generated from skin tissue is a collection of light emitted by biomolecules. Moreover, we proposed that UPE is generated through a photosensitization reaction and energy transfer. The identified characteristic spectral patterns of UPE can be useful to elucidate UVA-induced oxidative stress in the skin, with implications for prevention and treatment of photoaging and skin diseases.
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21
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Manga P, Choudhury N. The unfolded protein and integrated stress response in melanoma and vitiligo. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 34:204-211. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prashiela Manga
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology New York University Grossman School of Medicine New York NY USA
| | - Noshin Choudhury
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology New York University Grossman School of Medicine New York NY USA
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22
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Di Martile M, Garzoli S, Ragno R, Del Bufalo D. Essential Oils and Their Main Chemical Components: The Past 20 Years of Preclinical Studies in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092650. [PMID: 32948083 PMCID: PMC7565555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the last years, targeted therapy and immunotherapy modified the landscape for metastatic melanoma treatment. These therapeutic approaches led to an impressive improvement in patients overall survival. Unfortunately, the emergence of drug resistance and side effects occurring during therapy strongly limit the long-term efficacy of such treatments. Several preclinical studies demonstrate the efficacy of essential oils as antitumoral agents, and clinical trials support their use to reduce side effects emerging during therapy. In this review we have summarized studies describing the molecular mechanism through which essential oils induce in vitro and in vivo cell death in melanoma models. We also pointed to clinical trials investigating the use of essential oils in reducing the side effects experienced by cancer patients or those undergoing anticancer therapy. From this review emerged that further studies are necessary to validate the effectiveness of essential oils for the management of melanoma. Abstract The last two decades have seen the development of effective therapies, which have saved the lives of a large number of melanoma patients. However, therapeutic options are still limited for patients without BRAF mutations or in relapse from current treatments, and severe side effects often occur during therapy. Thus, additional insights to improve treatment efficacy with the aim to decrease the likelihood of chemoresistance, as well as reducing side effects of current therapies, are required. Natural products offer great opportunities for the discovery of antineoplastic drugs, and still represent a useful source of novel molecules. Among them, essential oils, representing the volatile fraction of aromatic plants, are always being actively investigated by several research groups and show promising biological activities for their use as complementary or alternative medicine for several diseases, including cancer. In this review, we focused on studies reporting the mechanism through which essential oils exert antitumor action in preclinical wild type or mutant BRAF melanoma models. We also discussed the latest use of essential oils in improving cancer patients’ quality of life. As evidenced by the many studies listed in this review, through their effect on apoptosis and tumor progression-associated properties, essential oils can therefore be considered as potential natural pharmaceutical resources for cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Di Martile
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.D.M.); (D.D.B.); Tel.: +39-0652666891 (M.D.M.); +39-0652662575 (D.D.B.)
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.G.); (R.R.)
| | - Rino Ragno
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.G.); (R.R.)
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.D.M.); (D.D.B.); Tel.: +39-0652666891 (M.D.M.); +39-0652662575 (D.D.B.)
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23
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Hu S, Sechi M, Singh PK, Dai L, McCann S, Sun D, Ljungman M, Neamati N. A Novel Redox Modulator Induces a GPX4-Mediated Cell Death That Is Dependent on Iron and Reactive Oxygen Species. J Med Chem 2020; 63:9838-9855. [PMID: 32809827 PMCID: PMC8082945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Redox modulators have been developed as an attractive approach to treat cancer. Herein, we report the synthesis, identification, and biological evaluation of a quinazolinedione reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer, QD394, with significant cytotoxicity in pancreatic cancer cells. QD394 shows a transcriptomic profile remarkably similar to napabucasin, a cancer stemness inhibitor. Both small molecules inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation, increase cellular ROS, and decrease the GSH/GSSG ratio. Moreover, QD394 causes an iron- and ROS-dependent, GPX4 mediated cell death, suggesting ferroptosis as a major mechanism. Importantly, QD394 decreases the expression of LRPPRC and PNPT1, two proteins involved in mitochondrial RNA catabolic processes and both negatively correlated with the overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients. Pharmacokinetics-guided lead optimization resulted in the derivative QD394-Me, which showed improved plasma stability and reduced toxicity in mice compared to QD394. Overall, QD394 and QD394-Me represent novel ROS-inducing drug-like compounds warranting further development for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hu
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mario Sechi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Lipeng Dai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sean McCann
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mats Ljungman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center and Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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24
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Achillea millefolium L. and Achillea biebersteinii Afan. Hydroglycolic Extracts-Bioactive Ingredients for Cosmetic Use. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153368. [PMID: 32722270 PMCID: PMC7436264 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on hydroglycolic (HG) extracts of Achillea biebersteinii (AB)—a less investigated representative of the genus—were performed to determine their potential for cosmetic applications compared to the well-known Achillea millefolium (AM). Three types of water:polyethylene glycol extracts (1:1, 4:1, 6:1 v/v) were obtained from both species and analyzed for their composition by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS) and assayed for their biological activities. The study led to the identification of 11 metabolites from different natural product classes with the highest share corresponding to 5-caffeoylquinic acid, axillarin, coumaroylquinic acid isomers and 3-caffeoylquinic acid. The highest antiradical capacity in DPPH and ABTS scavenging assays was shown for HG 4:1 of AB and AM extracts. HG 1:1 extracts from both species inhibited monophenolase and diphenolase activity of tyrosinase, whereas AB HG 4:1 extract showed significant monophenolase inhibition. The highest sun protection factor (SPF) was determined for AM HG 4:1 extract, equal to 14.04 ± 0.17. The AB extracts were cytotoxic for both human keratinocytes HaCaT and A375 melanoma, however HG 1:1 and 4:1 extracts were more cytotoxic for cancer than for noncancerous cells. In conclusion, AB HG 1:1 and 4:1 extracts display significant potential as active cosmetic ingredients.
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25
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Jasmer KJ, Hou J, Mannino P, Cheng J, Hannink M. Heme oxygenase promotes B-Raf-dependent melanosphere formation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 33:850-868. [PMID: 32558263 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthesis and degradation of heme, an iron-bound protoporphyrin molecule utilized by a wide variety of metabolic processes, are tightly regulated. Two closely related enzymes, heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) and heme oxygenase 2 (HMOX2), degrade free heme to produce carbon monoxide, Fe2+ , and biliverdin. HMOX1 expression is controlled via the transcriptional activator, NFE2L2, and the transcriptional repressor, Bach1. Transcription of HMOX1 and other NFE2L2-dependent genes is increased in response to electrophilic and reactive oxygen species. Many tumor-derived cell lines have elevated levels of NFE2L2. Elevated expression of NFE2L2-dependent genes contributes to tumor growth and acquired resistance to therapies. Here, we report a novel role for heme oxygenase activity in melanosphere formation by human melanoma-derived cell lines. Transcriptional induction of HMOX1 through derepression of Bach1 or transcriptional activation of HMOX2 by oncogenic B-RafV600E results in increased melanosphere formation. Genetic ablation of HMOX1 diminishes melanosphere formation. Further, inhibition of heme oxygenase activity with tin protoporphyrin markedly reduces melanosphere formation driven by either Bach1 derepression or B-RafV600E expression. Global transcriptome analyses implicate genes involved in focal adhesion and extracellular matrix interactions in melanosphere formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Jasmer
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Christopher Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jie Hou
- Computer Science Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Philip Mannino
- Christopher Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jianlin Cheng
- Computer Science Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Mark Hannink
- Christopher Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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26
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Altobelli GG, Van Noorden S, Balato A, Cimini V. Copper/Zinc Superoxide Dismutase in Human Skin: Current Knowledge. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:183. [PMID: 32478084 PMCID: PMC7235401 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase is widespread in the human body, including skin and its appendages. Here, we focus on human skin copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, the enzyme that protects skin and its appendages against reactive oxygen species. Human skin copper/zinc superoxide dismutase resides in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes, where up to 90% of cellular reactive oxygen species is produced. Factors other than cell type, such as gender, age and diseased state influence its location in skin tissues. We review current knowledge of skin copper/zinc superoxide dismutase including recent studies in an attempt to contribute to solving the question of its remaining unexplained functions. The research described here may be applicable to pathologies associated with oxidative stress. However, recent studies on copper/zinc superoxide dismutase in yeast reveal that its predominant function may be in signaling pathways rather than in scavenging superoxide ions. If confirmed in the skin, novel approaches might be developed to unravel the enzyme's remaining mysteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna G Altobelli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Susan Van Noorden
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Balato
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cimini
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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27
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Esposito E, Nastruzzi C, Sguizzato M, Cortesi R. Nanomedicines to Treat Skin Pathologies with Natural Molecules. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2323-2337. [PMID: 31584367 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190709210703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The skin and mucous membranes are subjected to many disorders and pathological conditions. Nature offers a wide range of molecules with antioxidant activity able to neutralize, at least in part, the formation of free radicals and therefore to counteract the phenomena of cellular aging. Since synthetic drugs for the treatment of skin diseases can induce resistance, it is particularly interesting to use compounds of plant origin, transporting them in pharmaceutical forms capable of controlling their release and absorption. This review provides an overview of new findings about the use of lipid-based nanosystems for the delivery of natural molecules useful on the topical treatment of skin disorders. Several natural molecules encapsulated in lipid nanosystems have been considered in the treatment of some skin pathologies or diseases. Particularly, the use of rosemary and eucalyptus essential oil, saffron derivatives, curcumin, eugenol, capsaicin, thymol and lycopene has been reported. The molecules have been alternatively encapsulated in viscous systems, such as the organogels, or in liquid systems, such as ethosomes, transferosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles and monoolein based dispersions thickened by inclusion in carbomer gels. The nanostructured forms have been in vitro and in vivo investigated for the treatment of skin disorders due to dehydration, inflammation, melanoma, wound healing, fungal infections or psoriasis. The data reported in the different studies have suggested that the cutaneous application of lipid nanosystems allows a deep interaction between lipid matrix and skin strata, promoting a prolonged release and efficacy of the loaded natural molecules. This review suggests that the application of natural molecules onto the skin by lipid-based nanosystems can provide numerous clinician benefits in dermatology and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Esposito
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 19, 44121-Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Nastruzzi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 19, 44121-Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maddalena Sguizzato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 19, 44121-Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rita Cortesi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 19, 44121-Ferrara, Italy
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28
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Gaweł-Bęben K, Kukula-Koch W, Hoian U, Czop M, Strzępek-Gomółka M, Antosiewicz B. Characterization of Cistus × incanus L. and Cistus ladanifer L. Extracts as Potential Multifunctional Antioxidant Ingredients for Skin Protecting Cosmetics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030202. [PMID: 32121584 PMCID: PMC7139296 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is constantly exposed to harmful environmental factors, causing photo-oxidative stress in cells and leading to the development of health and aesthetic problems. Multifunctional ingredients of everyday skincare products, possessing antioxidant, UV-protecting, anti-hyperpigmentation, and skin cancer-preventing properties are in high demand. Due to the high content of polyphenolic compounds Cistus × incanus L. and Cistus ladanifer L. are potentially interesting sources of cosmetic ingredients with multiple skin protecting functions. In this study eight extracts from dried C. incanus and C. ladanifer-aerial parts were prepared using 60% (v/v) or 100% (v/v) methanol, on a magnetic stirrer or in Soxhlet apparatus, and compared for their content of phytochemicals and properties important for the skin protection. Extracts from C. incanus prepared in 60% (v/v) methanol contained the highest amount of polyphenolic compounds (331.82-347.27 mg GAE/g DW) and showed the most significant antioxidant activity (IC50 = 3.81-4.05 µg/mL). C. incanus extracts were also effective tyrosinase inhibitors (30-70% inhibition at 100 µg/mL). Statistical correlation analysis revealed that epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and myricitrin may be responsible for the antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory potential of C. incanus extracts. All analyzed extracts were cytotoxic for human melanoma cells A375 (IC50 = 57.80-199.01 µg/mL), with C. incanus extract prepared in 100% (v/v) methanol using Soxhlet extraction being the most effective. The extracts did not significantly impair the growth of noncancerous human keratinocytes HaCaT. C. incanus and C. ladanifer extracts possess also natural sun protecting activity (SPF 3.42-3.77 at 100 µg/mL), enhancing their anti-hyperpigmentation and anti-melanoma potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gaweł-Bęben
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland; (U.H.); (M.S.-G.); (B.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-17-866-1412
| | - Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Uliana Hoian
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland; (U.H.); (M.S.-G.); (B.A.)
| | - Marcin Czop
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marcelina Strzępek-Gomółka
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland; (U.H.); (M.S.-G.); (B.A.)
| | - Beata Antosiewicz
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland; (U.H.); (M.S.-G.); (B.A.)
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29
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Lopez Perez R, Brauer J, Rühle A, Trinh T, Sisombath S, Wuchter P, Grosu AL, Debus J, Saffrich R, Huber PE, Nicolay NH. Human mesenchymal stem cells are resistant to UV-B irradiation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20000. [PMID: 31882818 PMCID: PMC6934474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56591-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Albeit being an effective therapy for various cutaneous conditions, UV-B irradiation can cause severe skin damage. While multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may aid the regeneration of UV-B-induced skin injuries, the influence of UV-B irradiation on MSCs remains widely unknown. Here, we show that human MSCs are relatively resistant to UV-B irradiation compared to dermal fibroblasts. MSCs exhibited higher clonogenic survival, proliferative activity and viability than dermal fibroblasts after exposure to UV-B irradiation. Cellular adhesion, morphology and expression of characteristic surface marker patterns remained largely unaffected in UV-irradiated MSCs. The differentiation ability along the adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages was preserved after UV-B treatment. However, UV-B radiation resulted in a reduced ability of MSCs and dermal fibroblasts to migrate. MSCs exhibited low apoptosis rates after UV-B irradiation and repaired UV-B-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers more efficiently than dermal fibroblasts. UV-B irradiation led to prolonged p53 protein stability and increased p21 protein expression resulting in a prolonged G2 arrest and senescence induction in MSCs. The observed resistance may contribute to the ability of these multipotent cells to aid the regeneration of UV-B-induced skin injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Lopez Perez
- Department of Molecular Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jannek Brauer
- Department of Molecular Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Rühle
- Department of Molecular Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg - Medical Center, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thuy Trinh
- Department of Molecular Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sonevisay Sisombath
- Department of Molecular Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Wuchter
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anca-Ligia Grosu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg - Medical Center, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Department of Molecular Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Saffrich
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter E Huber
- Department of Molecular Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nils H Nicolay
- Department of Molecular Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg - Medical Center, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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30
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Wang PW, Hung YC, Lin TY, Fang JY, Yang PM, Chen MH, Pan TL. Comparison of the Biological Impact of UVA and UVB upon the Skin with Functional Proteomics and Immunohistochemistry. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120569. [PMID: 31756938 PMCID: PMC6943602 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin provides protection against external stimuli; however, solar radiation, including ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB), can result in profound influences on skin structure and function, which eventually impairs its molecular characteristics and normal physiology. In the current study, we performed proteome tools combined with an immunohistological approach on nude mouse skin to evaluate the adverse responses elicited by UVA and UVB irradiation, respectively. Our findings indicated that UVA significantly promotes oxidative damage in DNA, the breakdown of collagen fiber in the dermis, and the apoptosis of fibroblasts, which leads to inflammation. Meanwhile, UVB administration was found to enhance the carbonylation of various proteins and the proliferation of keratinocyte. Particularly, raspberry extract, which has been confirmed to have antioxidative efficacy, could effectively attenuate ultraviolet (UV) radiation-caused cell death. Network analysis also implied that UVA and UVB induce quite different responses, and that UVA results in cell death as well as inflammation mediated by caspase-3 and activator protein 1/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (AP-1/NF-κB), while UVB predominantly increases the risk of skin carcinogenesis involved with oncogenes such as p53 and c-Myc. Taken together, functional proteomics coordinated with histological experiments could allow for a high-throughput study to explore the alterations of crucial proteins and molecules linked to skin impacts subjected to UVA and UVB exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Chiang Hung
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
| | - Tung-Yi Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan;
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Ming Yang
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11042, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11042, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Long Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33375, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-211-8800 (ext. 5105); Fax: +886-3-211-8700
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31
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Kompella P, Vasquez KM. Obesity and cancer: A mechanistic overview of metabolic changes in obesity that impact genetic instability. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1531-1550. [PMID: 31168912 PMCID: PMC6692207 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, defined as a state of positive energy balance with a body mass index exceeding 30 kg/m2 in adults and 95th percentile in children, is an increasing global concern. Approximately one-third of the world's population is overweight or obese, and in the United States alone, obesity affects one in six children. Meta-analysis studies suggest that obesity increases the likelihood of developing several types of cancer, and with poorer outcomes, especially in children. The contribution of obesity to cancer risk requires a better understanding of the association between obesity-induced metabolic changes and its impact on genomic instability, which is a major driving force of tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss how molecular changes during adipose tissue dysregulation can result in oxidative stress and subsequent DNA damage. This represents one of the many critical steps connecting obesity and cancer since oxidative DNA lesions can result in cancer-associated genetic instability. In addition, the by-products of the oxidative degradation of lipids (e.g., malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, and acrolein), and gut microbiota-mediated secondary bile acid metabolites (e.g., deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid), can function as genotoxic agents and tumor promoters. We also discuss how obesity can impact DNA repair efficiency, potentially contributing to cancer initiation and progression. Finally, we outline obesity-related epigenetic changes and identify the gaps in knowledge to be addressed for the development of better therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of obesity-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Kompella
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, 1400 Barbara Jordan Boulevard, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Karen M. Vasquez
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, 1400 Barbara Jordan Boulevard, Austin, TX 78723, USA
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32
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Tan LTH, Mahendra CK, Yow YY, Chan KG, Khan TM, Lee LH, Goh BH. Streptomyces sp. MUM273b: A mangrove-derived potential source for antioxidant and UVB radiation protectants. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e859. [PMID: 31199601 PMCID: PMC6813444 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial natural products serve as a good source for antioxidants. The mangrove‐derived Streptomyces bacteria have been evidenced to produce antioxidative compounds. This study reports the isolation of Streptomyces sp. MUM273b from mangrove soil that may serve as a promising source of antioxidants and UV‐protective agents. Identification and characterization methods determine that strain MUM273b belongs to the genus Streptomyces. The MUM273b extract exhibits antioxidant activities, including DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide radical scavenging activities and also metal‐chelating activity. The MUM273b extract was also shown to inhibit the production of malondialdehyde in metal‐induced lipid peroxidation. Strong correlation between the antioxidant activities and the total phenolic content of MUM273b extract was shown. In addition, MUM273b extract exhibited cytoprotective effect on the UVB‐induced cell death in HaCaT keratinocytes. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis detected phenolics, pyrrole, pyrazine, ester, and cyclic dipeptides in MUM273b extract. In summary, Streptomyces MUM273b extract portrays an exciting avenue for future antioxidative drugs and cosmeceuticals development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loh Teng-Hern Tan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Camille Keisha Mahendra
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Yoon-Yen Yow
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tahir Mehmood Khan
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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33
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Karapetsas A, Voulgaridou GP, Konialis M, Tsochantaridis I, Kynigopoulos S, Lambropoulou M, Stavropoulou MI, Stathopoulou K, Aligiannis N, Bozidis P, Goussia A, Gardikis K, Panayiotidis MI, Pappa A. Propolis Extracts Inhibit UV-Induced Photodamage in Human Experimental In Vitro Skin Models. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8050125. [PMID: 31075866 PMCID: PMC6562595 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8050125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant, photoprotective, and antiaging effects of Greek propolis. Propolis was subjected to n-heptane or methanol extraction. Total phenolic/flavonoid content and antioxidant potential were determined in the extracts. Promising extracts were evaluated for their cytoprotective properties using human immortalized keratinocyte (HaCaT) or reconstituted human skin tissue following exposure to UVB. Assessment of cytotoxicity, DNA damage, oxidative status, and gene/protein expression levels of various matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were performed. The propolis methanolic fractions exhibited higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents and significant in vitro antioxidant activity. Incubation of HaCaT cells with certain methanolic extracts significantly decreased the formation of DNA strand breaks following exposure to UVB and attenuated UVB-induced decrease in cell viability. The extracts had no remarkable effect on the total antioxidant status, but significantly lowered total protein carbonyl content used as a marker for protein oxidation in HaCaT cells. MMP-1, -3, -7, and -9, monitored as endpoints of antiaging efficacy, were significantly reduced by propolis following UVB exposure in a model of reconstituted skin tissue. In conclusion, propolis protects against the oxidative and photodamaging effects of UVB and could be further explored as a promising agent for developing natural antiaging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Karapetsas
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | | | - Manolis Konialis
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Ilias Tsochantaridis
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Spyridon Kynigopoulos
- Laboratory of Histology & Embryology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Maria Lambropoulou
- Laboratory of Histology & Embryology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Maria-Ioanna Stavropoulou
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmocognosy & Natural Products Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Konstantina Stathopoulou
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmocognosy & Natural Products Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Nektarios Aligiannis
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmocognosy & Natural Products Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Petros Bozidis
- Department of Pathology, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Anna Goussia
- Department of Pathology, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | | | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
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Saad-El-Din AA, El-Tanahy ZH, El-Sayed SN, Anees LM, Farroh HA. Study of electron spin resonance and viscosity for hemoglobin polymer after arsenic trioxide and gamma irradiation treatment. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aisha A. Saad-El-Din
- Biophys., Lab. Rad. Phys. Dep. National Center of Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), AEA, P.O. Box 29, Madinat Nasr, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zinab H. El-Tanahy
- Nucl. Phys. Dep. Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Girls branch, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Suzan N. El-Sayed
- Solid Stat. Phys. Dep. Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Girls branch, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila M. Anees
- Health Res. Dep. National Center of Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), AEA, P.O. Box 29, Madinat Nasr, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hoda A. Farroh
- Health Res. Dep. National Center of Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), AEA, P.O. Box 29, Madinat Nasr, Cairo, Egypt
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INCREASED INCIDENCE OF CUTANEOUS KERATINOCYTIC AND MELANOCYTIC MALIGNANCIES IN PATIENTS WITH AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. Retina 2019; 40:857-865. [PMID: 30986797 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000002506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The relationship between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and malignancy, especially cutaneous malignancies, is not well studied. We investigated a possible association between AMD and cutaneous malignancies. METHODS A retrospective, consecutive review of all patients who had received at least 1 intravitreal injection for wet AMD between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2013, was conducted using the Rochester Epidemiology Project in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Age- and sex-matched control groups included 473 pre-anti-vascular endothelial growth factor era wet AMD patients, 504 concurrent time dry AMD patients, and 504 patients with no AMD. The rates of AMD and overall malignancy, cutaneous malignancies, and specific types of cutaneous malignancies were compared between groups of patients. RESULTS Patients with wet AMD incurred an increased rate of overall malignancies compared to patients with dry AMD {52.8% wet AMD (confidence interval [CI]: 48.3-57.2) vs. 43.7% dry AMD (CI: 39.3-48.1); P= 0.003} or those without AMD (52.8% wet AMD [CI: 48.3-57.2] vs. 35.3% no AMD [CI: 31.1-39.7]; P = <0.001). Patients with dry AMD also had higher rates of malignancy than those without AMD (43.7% dry AMD [CI: 39.3-48.1] vs. 35.3% no AMD [CI: 31.1-39.7]; P = 0.007). Rate of cutaneous malignancies was increased in patients with wet AMD compared to patients with dry AMD (24.4% wet AMD [CI: 20.7-28.4] vs. 14.6% dry AMD [CI: 11.5-17.9]; P = <0.001) and those with no AMD (24.4% wet AMD [CI: 20.7-28.4] vs. 9.7% no AMD [CI: 7.3-12.7]; P = <0.001). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to establish an association between AMD and cutaneous malignancies, supporting a possible discussion of the association when a patient presents with one of the two conditions.
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Cytochrome C oxidase Inhibition and Cold Plasma-derived Oxidants Synergize in Melanoma Cell Death Induction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12734. [PMID: 30143716 PMCID: PMC6109085 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite striking advances in the treatment of metastasized melanoma, the disease is often still fatal. Attention is therefore paid towards combinational regimens. Oxidants endogenously produced in mitochondria are currently targeted in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Cytotoxic synergism of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) inhibition in conjunction with addition of exogenous oxidants in 2D and 3D melanoma cell culture models were examined. Murine (B16) and human SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells exposed to low-dose CcO inhibitors (potassium cyanide or sodium azide) or exogenous oxidants alone were non-toxic. However, we identified a potent cytotoxic synergism upon CcO inhibition and plasma-derived oxidants that led to rapid onset of caspase-independent melanoma cell death. This was mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction induced by superoxide elevation and ATP depletion. This observation was validated by siRNA-mediated knockdown of COX4I1 in SK-MEL-28 cells with cytotoxicity in the presence of exogenous oxidants. Similar effects were obtained with ADDA 5, a recently identified specific inhibitor of CcO activity showing low toxicity in vivo. Human keratinocytes were not affected by this combinational treatment, suggesting selective effects on melanoma cells. Hence, targeting mitochondrial CcO activity in conjunction with exogenous pro oxidant therapies may constitute a new and effective melanoma treatment modality.
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Ag+-promoted zinc oxide [Zn(O):Ag]: A novel structure for safe protection of human skin against UVA radiation. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 50:318-327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ghaderi-Shekhi Abadi P, Shirazi FH, Joshaghani M, Moghimi HR. Influence of formulation of ZnO nanoblokes containing metallic ions dopants on their cytotoxicity and protective factors: An in vitro study on human skin cells exposed to UVA radiation. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:468-479. [PMID: 29854618 PMCID: PMC5977415 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The [Zn(O)/M] (M = Mg, Al, Ca, Ti) synthesize by thermal method and characterize. The metal dopants percolate into crystal lattice of ZnO and stable it. The [Zn(O)/M] shows very low amount of Zn+2 release into culture medium. Intracellular reactive oxygen species generation decrease under UVA radiation. The [Zn(O)/M] protects of human skin cells against UVA radiation.
Application of ZnO nanoparticles in sunscreens exposes human skin with their adverse effects, which correlates to dissolution/translocation of free Zn+2 ions. The possibility of decreasing solubility and therefore, reducing toxicity, by structural modifications have been discussed as a solution. The present investigation has developed new metallic lattices of ZnO to reduce cytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles. Novel metal-promoted Zn-based nanocomposites ([Zn(O)/M], M = Mg, Al, Ca, Ti) were synthesized and their physicochemical properties and their cytotoxicity were evaluated. Solubility and release studies showed that modification of ZnO structure decreases release of Zn+2 into culture medium. XRD and UV absorbance analyses showed that metallic-dopants percolate into crystalline lattice of ZnO. This phenomenon is basic reason for stability of Zn-based network. Cell culture studies and MTT assay on human skin cells (HFF-1) exposed to UVA radiation showed that the level of protection of [Zn(O)/M] compounds were more than of [ZnO]. Dichlorofluoroscein diacetate-ROS assay and Zn+2 release experiments indicated that [Zn(O)/M] nanocomposites decreased the level of ROS generation and Zn+2 release in compared to ZnO, indicating higher safety of nanocomposites. This study shows that the synthesized Zn-based nanocomposites have potential to be used as safer and more effective sunscreens than ZnO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Ghaderi-Shekhi Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farshad H Shirazi
- Pharmacology and Toxicolgoy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Joshaghani
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamid R Moghimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wu D, Li D, Liu Z, Liu X, Zhou S, Duan H. Role and underlying mechanism of SPATA12 in oxidative damage. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:3676-3684. [PMID: 29467887 PMCID: PMC5796374 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis-associated gene 12 (SPATA12) functions as an inhibitor in spermatogenesis and tumorigenesis. Our previous study demonstrated that SPATA12 may be induced in tumor cells by ultraviolet (UV) C-mediated DNA damage, suggesting its importance in maintaining genomic integrity. In order to understand whether and how SPATA12 responds to oxidative damage, the present study established a cellular model of oxidative stress by detecting the effect of H2O2 on cell viability and intracellular superoxide dismutase activity, and the levels of glutathione and malondialdehyde (MDA). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction results demonstrated that H2O2 upregulated the expression of SPATA12, and a dual luciferase reporter gene assay indicated that transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) was involved in the response of SPATA12 to oxidative stress. Through the exogenous expression of SPATA12, it was identified that SPATA12 decreased the level of reactive oxygen species and MDA, and also may reduce the degree of cellular oxidative damage and apoptosis induced by H2O2. In addition, resveratrol was demonstrated to increase the expression of SPATA12 by activating AP-1, and it may be used as a nontoxic activator of the SPATA12 gene. In conclusion, these results suggest that SPATA12 is upregulated by oxidative stress via AP-1, and that the exogenous expression of SPATA12 protects against H2O2-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daobing Wu
- Department of Life Science, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Life Science, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Life Science, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Life Science, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P.R. China
| | - Shihua Zhou
- Department of Life Science, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Duan
- Department of Life Science, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P.R. China
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Osseiran S, Roider EM, Wang H, Suita Y, Murphy M, Fisher DE, Evans CL. Non-Euclidean phasor analysis for quantification of oxidative stress in ex vivo human skin exposed to sun filters using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:1-10. [PMID: 29222855 PMCID: PMC5722918 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.12.125004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemical sun filters are commonly used as active ingredients in sunscreens due to their efficient absorption of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Yet, it is known that these compounds can photochemically react with UV light and generate reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in vitro, though this has yet to be validated in vivo. One label-free approach to probe oxidative stress is to measure and compare the relative endogenous fluorescence generated by cellular coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides and flavin adenine dinucleotides. However, chemical sun filters are fluorescent, with emissive properties that contaminate endogenous fluorescent signals. To accurately distinguish the source of fluorescence in ex vivo skin samples treated with chemical sun filters, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy data were processed on a pixel-by-pixel basis using a non-Euclidean separation algorithm based on Mahalanobis distance and validated on simulated data. Applying this method, ex vivo samples exhibited a small oxidative shift when exposed to sun filters alone, though this shift was much smaller than that imparted by UV irradiation. Given the need for investigative tools to further study the clinical impact of chemical sun filters in patients, the reported methodology may be applied to visualize chemical sun filters and measure oxidative stress in patients' skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Osseiran
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Elisabeth M. Roider
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Hequn Wang
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Yusuke Suita
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Michael Murphy
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - David E. Fisher
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Conor L. Evans
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Conor L. Evans, E-mail:
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Ahmad I, Guroji P, DeBrot AH, Manapragada PP, Katiyar SK, Elmets CA, Yusuf N. Loss of INK4a/Arf gene enhances ultraviolet radiation-induced cutaneous tumor development. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:1018-1025. [PMID: 28418604 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The CDKN2A locus encodes for tumor suppressor genes p16INK4a and p14Arf which are frequently inactivated in human skin tumors. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between loss of INK4a/Arf activity and inflammation in the development of ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced skin tumors. Panels of INK4a/Arf-/- mice and wild-type (WT) mice were treated with a single dose of UVB (200 mJ/cm2 ). For long-term studies, these mice were irradiated with UVB (200 mJ/cm2 ) three times weekly for 30 weeks. At the end of the experiment, tissues were harvested from mice and assayed for inflammatory biomarkers and cytokines. A single dose of UVB resulted in a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 8-dihydroxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) lesions in INK4a/Arf-/- mice compared to WT mice. When subjected to chronic UVB, we found that 100% of INK4a/Arf-/- mice had tumors, whereas there were no tumors in WT controls after 24 weeks of UVB exposure. The increase in tumor development correlated with a significant increase in nuclear factor (NF)-κB, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) and its receptors both in UVB-exposed skin and in the tumors. A significant increase was seen in inflammatory cytokines in skin samples of INK4a/Arf-/- mice following treatment with chronic UVB radiation. Furthermore, significantly more CD11b+ Gr1+ myeloid cells were present in UVB-exposed INK4a/Arf-/- mice compared to WT mice. Our data indicate that by targeting UVB-induced inflammation, it may be possible to prevent UVB-induced skin tumors in individuals that carry CDKN2A mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israr Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Purushotham Guroji
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amanda H DeBrot
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Padma P Manapragada
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Santosh K Katiyar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Craig A Elmets
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nabiha Yusuf
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Yamase A, Funasaka Y, Ueno T, Ito M, Otsuka Y, Kawana S, Saeki H. Squamous Cell Carcinomas on Bilateral Feet Arising in Long-Standing Eczematous Lesions. J NIPPON MED SCH 2017; 84:105-107. [PMID: 28502959 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.84.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We present a woman with squamous cell carcinomas on both feet in long-standing eczematous lesions. Histopathological examination of biopsies from the both feet revealed highly atypical cells invading the reticular layer of the dermis in the hyperkeratotic lesion and they were associated with surrounding dermatitis with spongiosis. Although the cause and etiology of eczema in our case is unclear, we speculate that the exceptionally long-lasting dermatitis might have induced double SCCs on bilateral feet with an unusual constitution. To the best of our knowledge, this is a first case of SCC on bilateral feet arising in long-standing eczematous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Yamase
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School
| | | | - Takashi Ueno
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School
| | - Michiko Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School
| | - Yohei Otsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School
| | - Seiji Kawana
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School
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Fomin DA, McDaniel B, Crane J. The promising potential role of ketones in inflammatory dermatologic disease: a new frontier in treatment research. J DERMATOL TREAT 2017; 28:484-487. [PMID: 28043175 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2016.1276259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The ketogenic diet has been shown to be beneficial for numerous diseases across different organ systems, but a dearth of information exists regarding these benefits for skin disease. Here, we searched the literature for known mechanisms behind inflammation in dermatologic disease and correlated that with suggested mechanisms of anti-inflammatory activity of ketones and a ketogenic state in the human body to observe how ketones and ketosis might aid in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases based on these mechanisms. Specifically, we found that ketones modulate the NRPL3 inflammasome, augment anti-oxidation against reactive oxygen species through various direct and indirect means, and may influence mTOR activity, which are all involved in inflammatory dermatologic diseases to an extent. This evidence shows that ketones and the ketogenic diet may have a promising role in the dermatologist's disease treatment repertoire. Our goal is to provide a novel direction for research in the role of a ketogenic diet and even exogenous ketone therapy in the treatment of inflammatory dermatologic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daren A Fomin
- a MS-IV, Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine , Lillington , NC , USA
| | - Brianna McDaniel
- b Dermatology Resident, PGY-3, Sampson Regional Medical Center , Clinton , NC , USA
| | - Jonathan Crane
- c DermOne of N.C. and V.A. Medical Director, Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine Dermatology Co-Course Director, Sampson Regional Medical Center Dermatology Residency Director , Clinton , NC , USA
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Wang HM, Yang HL, Thiyagarajan V, Huang TH, Huang PJ, Chen SC, Liu JY, Hsu LS, Chang HW, Hseu YC. Coenzyme Q 0 Enhances Ultraviolet B-Induced Apoptosis in Human Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast (MCF-7) Cancer Cells. Integr Cancer Ther 2016; 16:385-396. [PMID: 27821721 PMCID: PMC5759941 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416673907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0; 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone), a major active constituent of Antrodia camphorata, has been shown to inhibit human triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells through induction of apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. Ecological studies have suggested a possible association between ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and reduction in the risk of breast cancer. However, the underlying mechanism of the combination of CoQ0 and UVB in human estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer (MCF-7) remains unclear. In this study, the possible effect of CoQ0 on inducing apoptosis in MCF-7 cells under exposure to low-dose UVB (0.05 J/cm2) has been investigated. CoQ0 treatment (0-35 µM, for 24-72 hours) inhibits moderately the growth of breast cancer MCF-7 cells, and the cell viability was significantly decreased when the cells were pretreated with UVB irradiation. It was noted that there was a remarkable accumulation of subploid cells, the so-called sub-G1 peak, in CoQ0-treated cells by using flow cytometric analysis, which suggests that the viability reduction observed after treatment may result from apoptosis induction in MCF-7 cells. CoQ0 caused an elevation of reactive oxygen species, as indicated by dichlorofluorescein fluorescence, and UVB pretreatment significantly increased CoQ0-induced reactive oxygen species generation in MCF-7 cells. In addition, cells were exposed to CoQ0, and the induction of DNA damage was evaluated by single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). CoQ0-induced DNA damage was remarkably enhanced by UVB pretreatment. Furthermore, CoQ0 induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, which was associated with PARP degradation, Bcl-2/Bax dysregulation, and p53 expression as shown by western blot. Collectively, these findings suggest that CoQ0 might be an important supplemental agent for treating patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Wang
- 1 National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jer-Yuh Liu
- 2 China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Sung Hsu
- 5 Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- 1 National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,6 Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- 2 China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,3 Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Gache Y, Brellier F, Rouanet S, Al-Qaraghuli S, Goncalves-Maia M, Burty-Valin E, Barnay S, Scarzello S, Ruat M, Sevenet N, Avril MF, Magnaldo T. Basal Cell Carcinoma in Gorlin's Patients: a Matter of Fibroblasts-Led Protumoral Microenvironment? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145369. [PMID: 26694869 PMCID: PMC4687848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the commonest tumor in human. About 70% sporadic BCCs bear somatic mutations in the PATCHED1 tumor suppressor gene which encodes the receptor for the Sonic Hedgehog morphogen (SHH). PATCHED1 germinal mutations are associated with the dominant Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome (NBCCS), a major hallmark of which is a high susceptibility to BCCs. Although the vast majority of sporadic BCCs arises exclusively in sun exposed skin areas, 40 to 50% BCCs from NBCCS patients develop in non photo-exposed skin. Since overwhelming evidences indicate that microenvironment may both be modified by- and influence the- epithelial tumor, we hypothesized that NBCCS fibroblasts could contribute to BCCs in NBCCS patients, notably those developing in non photo-exposed skin areas. The functional impact of NBCCS fibroblasts was then assessed in organotypic skin cultures with control keratinocytes. Onset of epidermal differentiation was delayed in the presence of primary NBCCS fibroblasts. Unexpectedly, keratinocyte proliferation was severely reduced and showed high levels of nuclear P53 in both organotypic skin cultures and in fibroblast-led conditioning experiments. However, in spite of increased levels of senescence associated β-galactosidase activity in keratinocytes cultured in the presence of medium conditioned by NBCCS fibroblasts, we failed to observe activation of P16 and P21 and then of bona fide features of senescence. Constitutive extinction of P53 in WT keratinocytes resulted in an invasive phenotype in the presence of NBCCS fibroblasts. Finally, we found that expression of SHH was limited to fibroblasts but was dependent on the presence of keratinocytes. Inhibition of SHH binding resulted in improved epidermal morphogenesis. Altogether, these data suggest that the repertoire of diffusible factors (including SHH) expressed by primary NBCCS fibroblasts generate a stress affecting keratinocytes behavior and epidermal homeostasis. Our findings suggest that defects in dermo/epidermal interactions could contribute to BCC susceptibility in NBCCS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Gache
- INSERM U1081—CNRS UMR7284 –UNS, Nice, France
- Université de Nice–Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Florence Brellier
- CNRS FRE2939, Université de Paris Sud—Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie Rouanet
- INSERM U1081—CNRS UMR7284 –UNS, Nice, France
- Université de Nice–Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Sahar Al-Qaraghuli
- INSERM U1081—CNRS UMR7284 –UNS, Nice, France
- Université de Nice–Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Maria Goncalves-Maia
- INSERM U1081—CNRS UMR7284 –UNS, Nice, France
- Université de Nice–Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Elodie Burty-Valin
- CNRS FRE2939, Université de Paris Sud—Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Sabine Scarzello
- INSERM U1081—CNRS UMR7284 –UNS, Nice, France
- Université de Nice–Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Martial Ruat
- CNRS UMR9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, Gif‑sur‑Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Sevenet
- INSERM U916 & Institut Bergonié, Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Thierry Magnaldo
- INSERM U1081—CNRS UMR7284 –UNS, Nice, France
- Université de Nice–Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
- * E-mail:
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Goto N, Bazar G, Kovacs Z, Kunisada M, Morita H, Kizaki S, Sugiyama H, Tsenkova R, Nishigori C. Detection of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers by near-infrared spectroscopy and aquaphotomics. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11808. [PMID: 26133899 PMCID: PMC4488872 DOI: 10.1038/srep11808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes cellular DNA damage, among which cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) are responsible for a variety of genetic mutations. Although several approaches have been developed for detection of CPDs, conventional methods require time-consuming steps. Aquaphotomics, a new approach based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and multivariate analysis that determines interactions between water and other components of the solution, has become an effective method for qualitative and quantitative parameters measurement in the solutions. NIR spectral patterns of UVC-irradiated and nonirradiated DNA solutions were evaluated using aquaphotomics for detection of UV-induced CPDs. Groups of UV-irradiated and nonirradiated DNA samples were classified (87.5% accuracy) by soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA). A precise regression model calculated from NIR water spectral patterns based on UVC doses (r Val = 0.9457) and the concentration of cis-syn cyclobutane thymine dimers (cis-syn T<>Ts; r Val = 0.9993) was developed using partial least squares regression (PLSR), while taking advantage of water spectral patterns, particularly around 1400-1500 nm. Our results suggested that, in contrast to DNA, the formation of cis-syn T<>Ts increased the strongly hydrogen bonded water. Additionally, NIRS could qualitatively and quantitatively detect cis-syn T<>Ts in isolated DNA aqueous solutions upon UVC exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Goto
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Gyorgy Bazar
- 1] Biomeasurement Technology Laboratory, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan [2] Institute of Food and Agricultural Product Qualification, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvar University, Kaposvar 7401, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Kovacs
- 1] Biomeasurement Technology Laboratory, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan [2] Department of Physics and Control, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest 1118, Hungary
| | - Makoto Kunisada
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Biomeasurement Technology Laboratory, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Kizaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Roumiana Tsenkova
- Biomeasurement Technology Laboratory, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Chikako Nishigori
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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Toyokuni S, Jiang L, Wang S, Hirao A, Wada T, Soh C, Toyama K, Kawada A. Aging rather than sun exposure is a major determining factor for the density of miR-125b-positive epidermal stem cells in human skin. Pathol Int 2015; 65:415-9. [PMID: 26081223 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sunlight exposure and aging are two major factors in the deterioration of skin function. In the present study, we used eighty formalin-fixed human skin samples from sun-exposed and unexposed areas from old and young individuals to evaluate the presence of miR-125b-positive epidermal stem cells (ESCs) by in situ hybridization. miR-125b-positive ESCs were detected in the basal layer of the epidermis. The density of miR-125b-positive ESCs was significantly associated with age rather than sun exposure, whereas the density of miR-125b-positive ESCs tended to decrease in the sun-exposed area. These data suggest the potential use of miR-125b as a surrogate marker for the quality of epidermal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shenqi Wang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayaka Hirao
- Department of Dermatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tamae Wada
- Department of Dermatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chieko Soh
- Kobe Technical Center, Procter & Gamble, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazumi Toyama
- Kobe Technical Center, Procter & Gamble, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akira Kawada
- Department of Dermatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Ligtenberg MA, Çınar Ö, Holmdahl R, Mougiakakos D, Kiessling R. Methylcholanthrene-Induced Sarcomas Develop Independently from NOX2-Derived ROS. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129786. [PMID: 26076008 PMCID: PMC4468117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the inducible NADPH oxidase type 2 (NOX2) complex are essential for clearing certain infectious organisms but may also have a role in regulating inflammation and immune response. For example, ROS is involved in myeloid derived suppressor cell (MDSC)- and regulatory T cell (T(reg)) mediated T- and NK-cell suppression. However, abundant ROS produced within the tumor microenvironment, or by the tumor itself may also yield oxidative stress, which can blunt anti-tumor immune responses as well as eventually leading to tumor toxicity. In this study we aimed to decipher the role of NOX2-derived ROS in a chemically (by methylcholanthrene (MCA)) induced sarcoma model. Superoxide production by NOX2 requires the p47(phox) (NCF1) subunit to organize the formation of the NOX2 complex on the cell membrane. Homozygous mutant mice (NCF1*/*) have a functional loss of their super oxide burst while heterozygous mice (NCF1*/+) retain this key function. Mice harboring either a homo- or a heterozygous mutation were injected intramuscularly with MCA to induce sarcoma formation. We found that NOX2 functionality does not determine tumor incidence in the tested MCA model. Comprehensive immune monitoring in tumor bearing mice showed that infiltrating immune cells experienced an increase in their oxidative state regardless of the NOX2 functionality. While MCA-induced sarcomas where characterized by a T(reg) and MDSC accumulation, no significant differences could be found between NCF1*/* and NCF1*/+ mice. Furthermore, infiltrating T cells showed an increase in effector-memory cell phenotype markers in both NCF1*/* and NCF1*/+ mice. Tumors established from both NCF1*/* and NCF1*/+ mice were tested for their in vitro proliferative capacity as well as their resistance to cisplatin and radiation therapy, with no differences being recorded. Overall our findings indicate that NOX2 activity does not play a key role in tumor development or immune cell infiltration in the chemically induced MCA sarcoma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten A. Ligtenberg
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Özcan Çınar
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Haematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Rolf Kiessling
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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