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Zhang Z, Trypsteen W, Blaauw M, Chu X, Rutsaert S, Vandekerckhove L, van der Heijden W, Dos Santos JC, Xu CJ, Swertz MA, van der Ven A, Li Y. IRF7 and RNH1 are modifying factors of HIV-1 reservoirs: a genome-wide association analysis. BMC Med 2021; 19:282. [PMID: 34781942 PMCID: PMC8594146 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) cannot eradicate HIV-1 from the body due to the establishment of persisting viral reservoirs which are not affected by therapy and reinitiate new rounds of HIV-1 replication after treatment interruption. These HIV-1 reservoirs mainly comprise long-lived resting memory CD4+ T cells and are established early after infection. There is a high variation in the size of these viral reservoirs among virally suppressed individuals. Identification of host factors that contribute to or can explain this observed variation could open avenues for new HIV-1 treatment strategies. METHODS In this study, we conducted a genome-wide quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis to probe functionally relevant genetic variants linked to levels of cell-associated (CA) HIV-1 DNA, CA HIV-1 RNA, and RNA:DNA ratio in CD4+ T cells isolated from blood from a cohort of 207 (Caucasian) people living with HIV-1 (PLHIV) on long-term suppressive antiretroviral treatment (median = 6.6 years). CA HIV-1 DNA and CA HIV-1 RNA levels were measured with corresponding droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assays, and genotype information of 522,455 single-nucleotide variants was retrieved via the Infinium Global Screening array platform. RESULTS The analysis resulted in one significant association with CA HIV-1 DNA (rs2613996, P < 5 × 10-8) and two suggestive associations with RNA:DNA ratio (rs7113204 and rs7817589, P < 5 × 10-7). Then, we prioritized PTDSS2, IRF7, RNH1, and DEAF1 as potential HIV-1 reservoir modifiers and validated that higher expressions of IRF7 and RNH1 were accompanied by rs7113204-G. Moreover, RNA:DNA ratio, indicating relative HIV-1 transcription activity, was lower in PLHIV carrying this variant. CONCLUSIONS The presented data suggests that the amount of CA HIV-1 DNA and RNA:DNA ratio can be influenced through PTDSS2, RNH1, and IRF7 that were anchored by our genome-wide association analysis. Further, these observations reveal potential host genetic factors affecting the size and transcriptional activity of HIV-1 reservoirs and could indicate new targets for HIV-1 therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525HP, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Genomics Coordination Center, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, CiiM, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wim Trypsteen
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, and Pediatrics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc Blaauw
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525HP, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaojing Chu
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, CiiM, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.,TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sofie Rutsaert
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, and Pediatrics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Linos Vandekerckhove
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, and Pediatrics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter van der Heijden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525HP, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jéssica Cristina Dos Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525HP, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Cheng-Jian Xu
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, CiiM, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.,TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Morris A Swertz
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Genomics Coordination Center, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andre van der Ven
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525HP, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525HP, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. .,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB, Groningen, the Netherlands. .,Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, CiiM, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany. .,TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.
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2
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Antipruritic Effect of Nalbuphine, a Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonist, in Mice: A Pan Antipruritic. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185517. [PMID: 34576988 PMCID: PMC8466557 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antipruritic effects of kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonists have been shown in rodent models of acute and chronic scratching (itchlike behavior). Three KOR agonists, nalfurafine, difelikefalin, and nalbuphine, are in clinical studies for antipruritic effects in chronic itch of systemic and skin diseases. Nalfurafine (in Japan) and difelikefalin (in the USA) were approved to be used in the treatment of chronic itch in hemodialysis patients. The FDA-approved nalbuphine has been used in clinic for over 40 years, and it is the only narcotic agonist that is not scheduled. We aimed to study (a) antiscratch activity of nalbuphine against TAT-HIV-1 protein (controls HIV transcription)-, deoxycholic acid (DCA, bile acid)-, and chloroquine (CQ)-induced scratching in a mouse model of acute itch; and (b) whether the effect of nalbuphine is produced via KORs. First, dose-responses were developed for pruritogens. Mice were pretreated with nalbuphine (0.3-10 mg/kg) and then a submaximal dose of pruritogens were administered and the number of scratching bouts was counted. To study if the antiscratch effect of nalbuphine is produced via KOR, we used KOR knock out mice and pharmacologic inhibition of KORs using nor-binaltorphimine, a KOR antagonist. For this aim, we used CQ as a pruritogen. We found that: (a) TAT-HIV-1 protein elicits scratching in a dose-dependent manner; (b) nalbuphine inhibits scratching induced by TAT-HIV-1, DCA, and CQ dose-dependently; and (c) nalbuphine inhibits scratching induced by CQ through KORs. In conclusion, nalbuphine inhibits scratching elicited by multiple pruritogens.
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3
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Chen S, Kumar S, Espada CE, Tirumuru N, Cahill MP, Hu L, He C, Wu L. N6-methyladenosine modification of HIV-1 RNA suppresses type-I interferon induction in differentiated monocytic cells and primary macrophages. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009421. [PMID: 33690734 PMCID: PMC7984636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a prevalent RNA modification that plays a key role in regulating eukaryotic cellular mRNA functions. RNA m6A modification is regulated by two groups of cellular proteins, writers and erasers that add or remove m6A, respectively. HIV-1 RNA contains m6A modifications that modulate viral infection and gene expression in CD4+ T cells. However, it remains unclear whether m6A modifications of HIV-1 RNA modulate innate immune responses in myeloid cells that are important for antiviral immunity. Here we show that m6A modification of HIV-1 RNA suppresses the expression of antiviral cytokine type-I interferon (IFN-I) in differentiated human monocytic cells and primary monocyte-derived macrophages. Transfection of differentiated monocytic U937 cells with HIV-1 RNA fragments containing a single m6A-modification significantly reduced IFN-I mRNA expression relative to their unmodified RNA counterparts. We generated HIV-1 with altered m6A levels of RNA by manipulating the expression of the m6A erasers (FTO and ALKBH5) or pharmacological inhibition of m6A addition in virus-producing cells, or by treating HIV-1 RNA with recombinant FTO in vitro. HIV-1 RNA transfection or viral infection of differentiated U937 cells and primary macrophages demonstrated that HIV-1 RNA with decreased m6A levels enhanced IFN-I expression, whereas HIV-1 RNA with increased m6A modifications had opposite effects. Our mechanistic studies indicated that m6A of HIV-1 RNA escaped retinoic acid-induced gene I (RIG-I)-mediated RNA sensing and activation of the transcription factors IRF3 and IRF7 that drive IFN-I gene expression. Together, these findings suggest that m6A modifications of HIV-1 RNA evade innate immune sensing in myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuliang Chen
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sameer Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Constanza E. Espada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Nagaraja Tirumuru
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Cahill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Lulu Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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The importance of advanced cytometry in defining new immune cell types and functions relevant for the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection. AIDS 2020; 34:2169-2185. [PMID: 32910071 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
: In the last years, novel, exciting immunological findings of interest for HIV research and treatment were identified thanks to different cytometric approaches. The analysis of the phenotypes and functionality of cells belonging to the immune system could clarify their role in the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection, and to elaborate key concepts, relevant in the treatment of this disease. Important discoveries have been made concerning cells that are important for protective immunity like lymphocytes that display polyfunctionality, resident memory T cells, innate lymphoid cells, to mention a few. The complex phenotype of myeloid-derived suppressor cells has been investigated, and relevant changes have been reported during chronic and primary HIV infection, in correlation with changes in CD4 T-cell number, T-cell activation, and with advanced disease stage. The search for markers of HIV persistence present in latently infected cells, namely those molecules that are important for a functional or sterilizing cure, evidenced the role of follicular helper T cells, and opened a discussion on the meaning and use of different surface molecules not only in identifying such cells, but also in designing new strategies. Finally, advanced technologies based upon the simultaneous detection of HIV-RNA and proteins at the single cell level, as well as those based upon spectral cytometry or mass cytometry are now finding new actors and depicting a new scenario in the immunopathogenesis of the infection, that will allow to better design innovative therapies based upon novel drugs and vaccines.
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5
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Soltani S, Mahmoudi M, Farhadi E. Dendritic Cells Currently under the Spotlight; Classification and Subset Based upon New Markers. Immunol Invest 2020; 50:646-661. [PMID: 32597286 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1783289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are considered as a subset of mononuclear phagocytes that composed of multiple subsets with distinct phenotypic features. DCs play crucial roles in the initiation and modulation of immune responses to both allo- and auto-antigens during pathogenic settings, encompassing infectious diseases, cancer, autoimmunity, transplantation, as well as vaccination. DCs play a role in preventing autoimmunity via inducing tolerance to self-antigens. This review focus on the most common subsets of DCs in human. Owing to the low frequencies of DC cells in blood and tissues and also the lack of specific DC markers, studies of DCs have been greatly hindered. Human DCs arise by a dedicated pathway of lympho-myeloid hematopoiesis and give rise into specialized subtypes under the influence of transcription factors that are specific for each linage. In humans, the classification of DCs has been generally separated into the blood and cutaneous subsets, mainly because these parts are more comfortable to examine in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Soltani
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Farhadi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Martín-Moreno A, Muñoz-Fernández MA. Dendritic Cells, the Double Agent in the War Against HIV-1. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2485. [PMID: 31708924 PMCID: PMC6820366 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infects cells from the immune system and has thus developed tools to circumvent the host immunity and use it in its advance. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the first immune cells to encounter the HIV, and being the main antigen (Ag) presenting cells, they link the innate and the adaptive immune responses. While DCs work to promote an efficient immune response and halt the infection, HIV-1 has ways to take advantage of their role and uses DCs to gain faster and more efficient access to CD4+ T cells. Due to their ability to activate a specific immune response, DCs are promising candidates to achieve the functional cure of HIV-1 infection, but knowing the molecular partakers that determine the relationship between virus and cell is the key for the rational and successful design of a DC-based therapy. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on how both DC subsets (myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs) act in presence of HIV-1, and focus on different pathways that the virus can take after binding to DC. First, we explore the consequences of HIV-1 recognition by each receptor on DCs, including CD4 and DC-SIGN. Second, we look at cellular mechanisms that prevent productive infection and weapons that turn cellular defense into a Trojan horse that hides the virus all the way to T cell. Finally, we discuss the possible outcomes of DC-T cell contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Martín-Moreno
- Sección de Inmunología, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mª Angeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Sección de Inmunología, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish HIV-HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER BBN), Madrid, Spain
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7
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Keller P, Freund I, Marchand V, Bec G, Huang R, Motorin Y, Eigenbrod T, Dalpke A, Helm M. Double methylation of tRNA-U54 to 2'-O-methylthymidine (Tm) synergistically decreases immune response by Toll-like receptor 7. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:9764-9775. [PMID: 30102387 PMCID: PMC6182150 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensing of nucleic acids for molecular discrimination between self and non-self is a challenging task for the innate immune system. RNA acts as a potent stimulus for pattern recognition receptors including in particular human Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7). Certain RNA modifications limit potentially harmful self-recognition of endogenous RNA. Previous studies had identified the 2′-O-methylation of guanosine 18 (Gm18) within tRNAs as an antagonist of TLR7 leading to an impaired immune response. However, human tRNALys3 was non-stimulatory despite lacking Gm18. To identify the underlying molecular principle, interferon responses of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to differentially modified tRNALys3 were determined. The investigation of synthetic modivariants allowed attributing a significant part of the immunosilencing effect to the 2′-O-methylthymidine (m5Um) modification at position 54. The effect was contingent upon the synergistic presence of both methyl groups at positions C5 and 2’O, as shown by the fact that neither Um54 nor m5U54 produced any effect alone. Testing permutations of the nucleobase at ribose-methylated position 54 suggested that the extent of silencing and antagonism of the TLR7 response was governed by hydrogen patterns and lipophilic interactions of the nucleobase. The results identify a new immune-modulatory endogenous RNA modification that limits TLR7 activation by RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Keller
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Isabel Freund
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Virginie Marchand
- Next Generation Sequencing Platform, UMS2008 Ingénierie Biologie Santé en Lorraine (IBSLor), BioPôle de l'Université de Lorraine Campus Biologie-Santé, 9, avenue de la Forêt de Haye, CS 50184, 54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Guillaume Bec
- Biophysics and Structural Biology Team, Unité Architecture et réactivité de l'ARN (UPR9002), Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 15, rue René Descartes, F67084, Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Raven Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biophysics & Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 411 Roger Adams Lab., 600 S. Mathews Ave. Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yuri Motorin
- Laboratoire Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA) UMR7365 CNRS-UL, BioPôle de l'Université de Lorraine Campus Biologie-Santé, 9, avenue de la Forêt de Haye, CS 50184, 54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Tatjana Eigenbrod
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Helm
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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8
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Martin-Gayo E, Yu XG. Role of Dendritic Cells in Natural Immune Control of HIV-1 Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1306. [PMID: 31244850 PMCID: PMC6563724 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that link innate and adaptive immunity and are critical for the induction of protective immune responses against pathogens. Proportions of these cells are markedly decreased in the blood of untreated HIV-1-infected individuals, suggesting they might be intrinsically involved in HIV-1 pathogenesis. However, despite several decades of active research, the precise role and contribution of these cells to protective or detrimental host responses against HIV-1 are still remarkably unclear. Recent studies have shown that DCs possess a fine-tuned machinery to recognize HIV-1 replication products through a variety of innate pathogen sensing mechanisms, which may be instrumental for generating both cellular and humoral protective immune responses in persons who naturally control HIV-1 replication. Yet, dysregulated and abnormal activation of DCs might also contribute to sustained inflammation and immune activation accelerating disease progression during chronic progressive infection. Emerging data also suggest that DCs can influence the induction of potent broadly-neutralizing antibodies, and may, for this reason, have to be considered as important components of future HIV-1 vaccination strategies. Apart from their involvement in antiviral host immunity, at least a subgroup of DCs seem intrinsically susceptible to HIV-1 infection and may serve as a viral target cell population. Indeed recent studies suggest that specific DC subpopulations residing in the genital mucosa are preferentially infected by HIV-1 and play an active role in sexual transmission; therefore, DCs may contribute to viral dissemination and possible persistence of the viral reservoirs through either direct or indirect mechanisms. Here, we analyze the distinct and partially opposing roles of DCs during HIV-1 disease pathogenesis, with a focus on implications of DC biology natural immune control and HIV cure research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Martin-Gayo
- Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xu G Yu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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9
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Sandstrom TS, Angel JB. Introduction to the Special Issue: HIV Evasion of the Antiviral Response. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 40:1-2. [PMID: 29778136 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teslin S Sandstrom
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa.
| | - Jonathan B Angel
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa; Division of Infectious Diseases, The Ottawa Hospital.
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10
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Han R, Song YJ, Sun SY, Zhou Q, Chen XZ, Zheng QL, Cheng H. Influence of Human Papillomavirus E7 Oncoprotein on Maturation and Function of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells In Vitro. Virol Sin 2018; 33:493-501. [PMID: 30569289 PMCID: PMC6335218 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-018-0069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The major difficulties of human papillomavirus (HPV) treatment are its persistence and recurrence. The HPV E7 oncoprotein-loaded dendritic cells have been evaluated as cellular vaccine in previous reports. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play an essential role of connecting the innate immune response and adaptive immune response in the immune system. But they function in HPV E7 loading is unclear. To investigate whether loading of the HPV type 6b, 11, and 16 E7 proteins affects the activity of pDCs, human peripheral blood-separated pDCs and mouse bone marrow-derived pDCs were pulsed with the HPV E7 proteins. The expression levels of CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC II were significantly upregulated in pDCs upon HPV 6b/11 E7 protein pulse. The secretion and gene expression of type I IFN and IL-6 were both upregulated by HPV 6b/11 E7 proteins, more significant than HPV 16 E7 protein. The expression of essential factors of TLR signaling pathway and JNK/p38 MAP kinase signaling pathway were all increased in HPV 6b/11 E7 proteins pulsed pDCs. Our results suggest that HPV E7 proteins could promote the differentiation and maturation of pDCs and activate the TLR and MAPK pathway to induce host innate immune response. It might be conducive to explore novel immunotherapy targeting HPV infection with HPV E7 loaded pDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Han
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yin-Jing Song
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Si-Yuan Sun
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Xian-Zhen Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Qiao-Li Zheng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
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11
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Font-Haro A, Janovec V, Hofman T, Machala L, Jilich D, Melkova Z, Weber J, Trejbalova K, Hirsch I. Expression of TIM-3 on Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells as a Predictive Biomarker of Decline in HIV-1 RNA Level during ART. Viruses 2018; 10:v10040154. [PMID: 29597250 PMCID: PMC5923448 DOI: 10.3390/v10040154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Depletion and functional impairment of circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are characteristic attributes of HIV-1-infection. The mechanism of dysfunction of pDCs is unclear. Here, we studied the development of phenotype of pDCs in a cohort of HIV-1-infected individuals monitored before the initiation and during a 9-month follow up with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Using polychromatic flow cytometry, we detected significantly higher pDC-surface expression of the HIV-1 receptor CD4, regulatory receptor BDCA-2, Fcγ receptor CD32, pDC dysfunction marker TIM-3, and the marker of killer pDC, TRAIL, in treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals before initiation of ART when compared to healthy donors. After 9 months of ART, all of these markers approached but did not reach the expression levels observed in healthy donors. We found that the rate of decline in HIV-1 RNA level over the first 3 months of ART negatively correlated with the expression of TIM-3 on pDCs. We conclude that immunogenic phenotype of pDCs is not significantly restored after sustained suppression of HIV-1 RNA level in ART-treated patients and that the level of the TIM-3 expressed on pDCs in treatment naïve patients could be a predictive marker of the rate of decline in the HIV-1 RNA level during ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Font-Haro
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Charles University, Faculty of Sciences, BIOCEV, 25242 Vestec, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, IOCB & Gilead Research Center, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Vaclav Janovec
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Charles University, Faculty of Sciences, BIOCEV, 25242 Vestec, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, IOCB & Gilead Research Center, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomas Hofman
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Charles University, Faculty of Sciences, BIOCEV, 25242 Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Ladislav Machala
- The Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Hospital Na Bulovce, 18081 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - David Jilich
- The First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Hospital Na Bulovce, 18081 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Zora Melkova
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Charles University, The First Faculty of Medicine, BIOCEV, 25242 Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, IOCB & Gilead Research Center, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Katerina Trejbalova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivan Hirsch
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Charles University, Faculty of Sciences, BIOCEV, 25242 Vestec, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, IOCB & Gilead Research Center, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic.
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12
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Aiello A, Giannessi F, Percario ZA, Affabris E. The involvement of plasmacytoid cells in HIV infection and pathogenesis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 40:77-89. [PMID: 29588163 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique dendritic cell subset that are specialized in type I interferon (IFN) production. pDCs are key players in the antiviral immune response and serve as bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. Although pDCs do not represent the main reservoir of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), they are a crucial subset in HIV infection as they influence viral transmission, target cell infection and antigen presentation. pDCs act as inflammatory and immunosuppressive cells, thus contributing to HIV disease progression. This review provides a state of art analysis of the interactions between HIV and pDCs and their potential roles in HIV transmission, chronic immune activation and immunosuppression. A thorough understanding of the roles of pDCs in HIV infection will help to improve therapeutic strategies to fight HIV infection, and will further increase our knowledge on this important immune cell subset.
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13
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Liao Y, Jiang J, Liang B, Wei F, Huang J, Pan P, Su J, Zhou B, Zang N, Ye L, Liang H. Opiate use inhibits TLR9 signaling pathway in vivo: possible role in pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13071. [PMID: 29026137 PMCID: PMC5638828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of opiate use promoting HIV-1 infection is not fully understood. TLR9 is expressed in many immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, which can recognize viruses and viral products and consequently induce the production of antiviral factors and initiate immune responses. Previous studies have shown that chronic viral infections can overcome and impair TLR9 pathway. We aimed to explore whether opiate use enhances HIV infection through inhibition of TLR9 pathway via a population-based study. A total of 200 subjects were enrolled and divided into four groups as follows: Opiate+ HIV+ (50), Opiate- HIV+ (50), Opiate+ HIV- (50), and healthy control (Opiate- HIV-, 50). All HIV-infected subjects did not receive antiretroviral therapy while they were enrolled in the study. The results showed that opiate use was associated with higher viral load and lower CD4+ T cell count. Opiate use alone led to lower expression of TLR9, IRF7, and IFN-α at the protein level in PBMCs. Combined with HIV-1 infection, opiate use resulted in lower expression of MyD88, ISG56, and MxA. In addition, morphine treatment promoted HIV-1 replication in macrophages via inhibition of TLR9 pathway. Our data reveal that opiate use plays a cofactor role in pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection through inhibition of TLR9 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Liao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Junjun Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bingyu Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fumei Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiegang Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Peijiang Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jinming Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ning Zang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Hao Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
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14
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Sandstrom TS, Ranganath N, Angel JB. Impairment of the type I interferon response by HIV-1: Potential targets for HIV eradication. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 37:1-16. [PMID: 28455216 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
By interfering with the type I interferon (IFN1) response, human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) can circumvent host antiviral signalling and establish persistent viral reservoirs. HIV-1-mediated defects in the IFN pathway are numerous, and include the impairment of protein receptors involved in pathogen detection, downstream signalling cascades required for IFN1 upregulation, and expression or function of key IFN1-inducible, antiviral proteins. Despite this, the activation of IFN1-inducible, antiviral proteins has been shown to facilitate the killing of latently HIV-infected cells in vitro. Understanding how IFN1 signalling is blocked in physiologically-relevant models of HIV-1 infection, and whether these defects can be reversed, is therefore of great importance for the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at eradicating the HIV-1 reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teslin S Sandstrom
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, ORCC Room C4445, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Nischal Ranganath
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, ORCC Room C4445, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Jonathan B Angel
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, ORCC Room C4445, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Division of Infectious Diseases, Ottawa Hospital-General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.
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15
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Schwartz JA, Clayton KL, Mujib S, Zhang H, Rahman AKMNU, Liu J, Yue FY, Benko E, Kovacs C, Ostrowski MA. Tim-3 is a Marker of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Dysfunction during HIV Infection and Is Associated with the Recruitment of IRF7 and p85 into Lysosomes and with the Submembrane Displacement of TLR9. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3181-3194. [PMID: 28264968 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In chronic diseases, such as HIV infection, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are rendered dysfunctional, as measured by their decreased capacity to produce IFN-α. In this study, we identified elevated levels of T cell Ig and mucin-domain containing molecule-3 (Tim-3)-expressing pDCs in the blood of HIV-infected donors. The frequency of Tim-3-expressing pDCs correlated inversely with CD4 T cell counts and positively with HIV viral loads. A lower frequency of pDCs expressing Tim-3 produced IFN-α or TNF-α in response to the TLR7 agonists imiquimod and Sendai virus and to the TLR9 agonist CpG. Thus, Tim-3 may serve as a biomarker of pDC dysfunction in HIV infection. The source and function of Tim-3 was investigated on enriched pDC populations from donors not infected with HIV. Tim-3 induction was achieved in response to viral and artificial stimuli, as well as exogenous IFN-α, and was PI3K dependent. Potent pDC-activating stimuli, such as CpG, imiquimod, and Sendai virus, induced the most Tim-3 expression and subsequent dysfunction. Small interfering RNA knockdown of Tim-3 increased IFN-α secretion in response to activation. Intracellular Tim-3, as measured by confocal microscopy, was dispersed throughout the cytoplasm prior to activation. Postactivation, Tim-3 accumulated at the plasma membrane and associated with disrupted TLR9 at the submembrane. Tim-3-expressing pDCs had reduced IRF7 levels. Furthermore, intracellular Tim-3 colocalized with p85 and IRF7 within LAMP1+ lysosomes, suggestive of a role in degradation. We conclude that Tim-3 is a biomarker of dysfunctional pDCs and may negatively regulate IFN-α, possibly through interference with TLR signaling and recruitment of IRF7 and p85 into lysosomes, enhancing their degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Ari Schwartz
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kiera L Clayton
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shariq Mujib
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - A K M Nur-Ur Rahman
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Feng Yun Yue
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Erika Benko
- Maple Leaf Clinic, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1K2, Canada
| | - Colin Kovacs
- Maple Leaf Clinic, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1K2, Canada
| | - Mario A Ostrowski
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; .,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Clinical Science Division, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
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16
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Lucas CGDO, Matassoli FL, Peçanha LMT, Santillo BT, Oliveira LMDS, Oshiro TM, Marques ETDA, Oxenius A, de Arruda LB. Dendritic cells primed with a chimeric plasmid containing HIV-1-gag associated with lysosomal-associated protein-1 (LAMP/gag) is a potential therapeutic vaccine against HIV. FASEB J 2016; 30:2970-84. [PMID: 27199296 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The decline in number and function of T cells is a hallmark of HIV infection, and preservation or restoration of HIV-specific cellular immune response is a major goal of AIDS treatment. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in the initiation and maintenance of the immune response, and their use as a vaccine vehicle is a promising strategy for enhancing vaccine efficacy. We evaluated the potential of DC-mediated immunization with a DNA vaccine consisting of HIV-1-p55gag (gag, group-specific antigen) associated to lysosomal associated protein (LAMP) sequence (LAMP/gag vaccine). Immunization of mice with mouse DCs transfected with LAMP/gag (Lg-mDCs) stimulated more potent B- and T-cell responses than naked DNA or DCs pulsed with inactivated HIV. Anti-Gag antibody levels were sustained for at least 3 mo after immunization, and recall T-cell responses were also strongly detected at this time point. Human DCs transfected with LAMP/gag (Lg-hDCs) were also activated and able to stimulate greater T-cell response than native gag-transfected DCs. Coculture between Lg-hDCs and T lymphocytes obtained from patients with HIV resulted in upregulation of CD38, CD69, HLA-DR, and granzyme B by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and increased IFN-γ and TNF-α production. These results indicate that the use of LAMP/gag-DC may be an efficient strategy for enhancing immune function in patients with HIV.-Lucas, C. G. D. O., Matassoli, F. L., Peçanha, L. M. T., Santillo, B. T., Oliveira, L. M. D. S., Oshiro, T. M., Marques, E. T. D. A., Jr., Oxenius, A., de Arruda, L. B. Dendritic cells primed with a chimeric plasmid containing HIV-1-gag associated with lysosomal-associated protein-1 (LAMP/gag) is a potential therapeutic vaccine against HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina G D O Lucas
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flavio L Matassoli
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ligia M T Peçanha
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Bruna Tereso Santillo
- Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Escola de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Microbiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luanda Mara da Silva Oliveira
- Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Escola de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Telma Miyuki Oshiro
- Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Escola de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ernesto T D A Marques
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Center for Vaccine Research, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; and Department of Virology, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz)-Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Annette Oxenius
- Institute of Microbiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luciana B de Arruda
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
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17
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Hernandez JC, St Laurent G, Urcuqui-Inchima S. HIV-1-exposed seronegative individuals show alteration in TLR expression and pro-inflammatory cytokine production ex vivo: An innate immune quiescence status? Immunol Res 2016; 64:280-90. [PMID: 26616295 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are involved in direct recognition of viruses, promoting cellular activation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, despite the reduced systemic immune activation described in HIV-1-exposed seronegatives (HESNs), few studies have focused on determining the relationship between PRR expression and cytokine production. We have aimed here to evaluate the expression level of PRRs and cytokines in HESNs, HIV-1 patients and healthy donors. Basal PRR expression levels in PBMCs, dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes, and plasma cytokine levels as well as the PRR ligand-induced cytokine productions were determined by flow cytometry, qPCR and ELISA. Higher TLR2/4 expression in DCs and monocytes from HESNs was observed. Nevertheless, TLR4/8, NOD2 and RIG-I mRNA levels were lower in PBMCs from HESNs than HIV-1-infected patients. Comparable IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α mRNA levels were observed among the groups examined; however, at the protein level, production of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 was significantly lower in plasma from HESNs than from HIV-1-infected patients. Our results suggest that exposure to HIV-1 without infection could be associated with reduced basal pro-inflammatory responses. Further studies are required to define the cell subsets responsible for these differences and the role of PRRs on protection against HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Hernandez
- INFETTARE, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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18
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Su B, Peressin M, Ducloy C, Penichon J, Mayr LM, Laumond G, Schmidt S, Decoville T, Moog C. Short Communication: Exploring Antibody Potential as Prophylactic/Therapeutic Strategies for Prevention of Early Mucosal HIV-1 Infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2015; 31:1187-91. [PMID: 26252799 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2015.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal tissues are the predominant sites for genital HIV-1 transmission. We investigated the mechanisms by which broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) inhibit HIV-1 replication in a coculture model including primary mucosal dendritic cells (DCs), such as Langerhans cells, interstitial dendritic cells, and CD4(+) T lymphocytes. We show that bNAbs efficiently prevent HIV-1 infection by inhibiting HIV-1 transmission to CD4(+) T lymphocytes. This inhibition of cell-to-cell transmission was observed with equal potency as the inhibition of cell-free infection of primary CD4(+) T lymphocytes. In addition, a decrease in HIV-1 replication in DCs and the induction of DC maturation were detected. This additional inhibition was Fc mediated as it was blocked by the use of specific anti-FcγR monoclonal Abs. The DC maturation by bNAbs during HIV transmission may contribute to mucosal protection. Therefore, multiple antibody-mediated inhibitory functions should be combined for the improvement of future preventive/therapeutic strategies to cure HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Su
- INSERM UMR S_1109, Centre de Recherche en Immunologie et Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Maryse Peressin
- Centre d'investigation clinique/Service de neurologie, INSERM CIC-P1434, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | - Camille Ducloy
- INSERM UMR S_1109, Centre de Recherche en Immunologie et Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Penichon
- INSERM UMR S_1109, Centre de Recherche en Immunologie et Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Luzia M. Mayr
- INSERM UMR S_1109, Centre de Recherche en Immunologie et Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Géraldine Laumond
- INSERM UMR S_1109, Centre de Recherche en Immunologie et Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvie Schmidt
- INSERM UMR S_1109, Centre de Recherche en Immunologie et Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Decoville
- INSERM UMR S_1109, Centre de Recherche en Immunologie et Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Christiane Moog
- INSERM UMR S_1109, Centre de Recherche en Immunologie et Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
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19
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Increased proportions of dendritic cells and recovery of IFNγ responses in HIV/HCV co-infected patients receiving ART. Hum Immunol 2015; 77:29-34. [PMID: 26455474 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) numbers and functions can be affected by HIV and HCV disease, but the effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on DC and the implications of these changes are unclear. We examined circulating DC in samples from Indonesian patients beginning ART with advanced HIV disease and documented mild/moderate HCV hepatitis. Frequencies of myeloid and plasmacytoid DC increased after 6 months on ART, but frequencies of DC producing IL-12 or IFNα following stimulation with TLR agonists (CL075, CpG) did not change. IFNγ responses to CL075, HCV and other antigens rose over this period. Hence increased IFNγ responses during ART may be associated with increased DC frequencies rather than changes in their functional capacity.
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20
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Relationships between IL-17(+) subsets, Tregs and pDCs that distinguish among SIV infected elite controllers, low, medium and high viral load rhesus macaques. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61264. [PMID: 23620737 PMCID: PMC3631185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive studies of the frequencies and absolute numbers of the various cell lineages that synthesize IL-17 in the blood and corresponding gastrointestinal (GI) tissues, their correlation with CD4(+) Tregs, CD8(+) Tregs, total and IFN-α synthesizing plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) relative to plasma viral load in SIV infection has been lacking. The unique availability of SIV infected rhesus macaques (RM) classified as Elite Controllers (EC), and those with Low, Intermediate and High Viral Loads (HVL) provided a unique opportunity to address this issue. Results of these studies showed that EC demonstrated a remarkable ability to reverse changes that are induced acutely by SIV in the various cell lineages. Highlights of the differences between EC and HVL RM within Gastro-intestinal tissues (GIT) was the maintenance and/or increases in the levels of IL-17 synthesizing CD4, CD8, and NK cells and pDCs associated with slight decreases in the levels of CD4(+) Tregs and IFN-α synthesizing pDCs in EC as compared with decreases in the levels of IL-17 synthesizing CD4, CD8 and NK cells associated with increases in pDCs and IFN-α synthesizing pDCs in HVL monkeys. A previously underappreciated role for CD8(+) Tregs was also noted with a moderate increase in ECs but further increases of CD8(+) Tregs with increasing VL in viremic monkeys. Positive correlations between plasma VL and decreases in the levels of Th17, Tc17, NK-17, CD4(+) Tregs and increases in the levels of CD8(+) Tregs, total and IFN-α synthesizing pDCs were also noted. This study also identified 2 additional IL-17(+) subsets in GIT as CD3(-/)CD8(+)/NKG2a(-) and CD3(+)/CD8(+)/NKG2a(+) subsets. Studies also suggest a limited role for IFN-α synthesizing pDCs in chronic immune activation despite persistent up-regulation of ISGs. Finally, elevated persistent innate immune responses appear associated with poor prognosis. These findings provide an initial foundation for markers important to follow for vaccine design.
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