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Heuschkel MJ, Bach C, Meiss-Heydmann L, Gerges E, Felli E, Giannone F, Pessaux P, Schuster C, Lucifora J, Baumert TF, Verrier ER. JAK1 promotes HDV replication and is a potential target for antiviral therapy. J Hepatol 2024; 80:220-231. [PMID: 37925078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic co-infection with HBV and HDV leads to the most aggressive form of chronic viral hepatitis. To date, no treatment induces efficient viral clearance, and a better characterization of virus-host interactions is required to develop new therapeutic strategies. METHODS Using loss-of-function strategies, we validated the unexpected proviral activity of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) - a key player in innate immunity - in the HDV life cycle and determined its mechanism of action on HDV through various functional analyses including co-immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS We confirmed the key role of JAK1 kinase activity in HDV infection. Moreover, our results suggest that JAK1 inhibition is associated with a modulation of ERK1/2 activation and S-HDAg phosphorylation, which is crucial for viral replication. Finally, we showed that FDA-approved JAK1-specific inhibitors are efficient antivirals in relevant in vitro models including primary human hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we uncovered JAK1 as a key host factor for HDV replication and a potential target for new antiviral treatment. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Chronic hepatitis D is the most aggressive form of chronic viral hepatitis. As no curative treatment is currently available, new therapeutic strategies based on host-targeting agents are urgently needed. Here, using loss-of-function strategies, we uncover an unexpected interaction between JAK1, a major player in the innate antiviral response, and HDV infection. We demonstrated that JAK1 kinase activity is crucial for both the phosphorylation of the delta antigen and the replication of the virus. By demonstrating the antiviral potential of several FDA-approved JAK1 inhibitors, our results could pave the way for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies to tackle this global health threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux J Heuschkel
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - Charlotte Bach
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laura Meiss-Heydmann
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - Emma Gerges
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - Emanuele Felli
- Institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU), Service d'hépato-gastroentérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabio Giannone
- Institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU), Service d'hépato-gastroentérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Pessaux
- Institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU), Service d'hépato-gastroentérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Schuster
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Lucifora
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France; Institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU), Service d'hépato-gastroentérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Eloi R Verrier
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France.
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Zhou R, Niu K, Wang C, He J, Huang W, Li T, Lan H, Zhang Y, Dang X, Mao L. Human-specific CHRFAM7A primes macrophages for a heightened pro-inflammatory response at the earlier stage of inflammation. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:1926-1941. [PMID: 37655479 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
α7-Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) is the key effector molecule of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Evolution has evolved a uniquely human α7-nAChR encoded by CHRFAM7A. It has been demonstrated that CHRFAM7A dominant negatively regulates the functions of α7-nAChR. However, its role in inflammation remains to be fully characterized. CHRFAM7A transgenic (Tg) mice were phenotypically normal and their peritoneal macrophages exhibited decreased ligand-binding capability and, importantly, an activated gene expression profile of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Surprisingly, when challenged with sepsis, the Tg mice showed no survival disadvantage relative to their wild-type (Wt) counterparts. Further analysis showed that the complete blood count and serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were comparable at resting state, but the degrees of leukocyte mobilization and the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly higher in Tg than Wt mice at the early stage of sepsis. In vitro, peritoneal macrophages of the Tg mice exhibited an exaggerated response to lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), especially at the earlier time points and at lower dosages of LPS. Remarkably, monocytes from CHRFAM7A-carrier showed similar dynamic changes of the pro-inflammatory cytokines to that observed in the Tg mice upon LPS challenge. Our results suggest that CHRFAM7A increases the mobilization of leukocytes and primes macrophages that confer an enhanced immune response at the early stage of inflammation, which may lead to prompt pathogen clearance, an evolutionary advantage in less severe inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- National Regional Children's Medical Center (Northwest), Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine to Pediatric Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Diseases, Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Keran Niu
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Luzhou, China
| | - Chaoying Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianghui He
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Huang
- National Regional Children's Medical Center (Northwest), Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine to Pediatric Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Diseases, Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Luzhou, China
| | - Tao Li
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Luzhou, China
| | - Huan Lan
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Luzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- National Regional Children's Medical Center (Northwest), Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine to Pediatric Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Diseases, Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xitong Dang
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Luzhou, China
| | - Liang Mao
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Luzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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3
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Knoll R, Bonaguro L, dos Santos JC, Warnat-Herresthal S, Jacobs-Cleophas MCP, Blümel E, Reusch N, Horne A, Herbert M, Nuesch-Germano M, Otten T, van der Heijden WA, van de Wijer L, Shalek AK, Händler K, Becker M, Beyer MD, Netea MG, Joosten LAB, van der Ven AJAM, Schultze JL, Aschenbrenner AC. Identification of drug candidates targeting monocyte reprogramming in people living with HIV. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1275136. [PMID: 38077315 PMCID: PMC10703486 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction People living with HIV (PLHIV) are characterized by functional reprogramming of innate immune cells even after long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART). In order to assess technical feasibility of omics technologies for application to larger cohorts, we compared multiple omics data layers. Methods Bulk and single-cell transcriptomics, flow cytometry, proteomics, chromatin landscape analysis by ATAC-seq as well as ex vivo drug stimulation were performed in a small number of blood samples derived from PLHIV and healthy controls from the 200-HIV cohort study. Results Single-cell RNA-seq analysis revealed that most immune cells in peripheral blood of PLHIV are altered in their transcriptomes and that a specific functional monocyte state previously described in acute HIV infection is still existing in PLHIV while other monocyte cell states are only occurring acute infection. Further, a reverse transcriptome approach on a rather small number of PLHIV was sufficient to identify drug candidates for reversing the transcriptional phenotype of monocytes in PLHIV. Discussion These scientific findings and technological advancements for clinical application of single-cell transcriptomics form the basis for the larger 2000-HIV multicenter cohort study on PLHIV, for which a combination of bulk and single-cell transcriptomics will be included as the leading technology to determine disease endotypes in PLHIV and to predict disease trajectories and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Knoll
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Bonaguro
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jéssica C. dos Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Warnat-Herresthal
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maartje C. P. Jacobs-Cleophas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Edda Blümel
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Nico Reusch
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Arik Horne
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Systems Hematology, Stem Cells & Precision Medicine, Max Delbrück Center - Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (MDCBIMSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam Herbert
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- In Vivo Cell Biology of Infection, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology (MPIIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Melanie Nuesch-Germano
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Twan Otten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Wouter A. van der Heijden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Lisa van de Wijer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Alex K. Shalek
- Broad Institute at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
- Ragon Institute of Mass General Hospital (MGH), MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Koch Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Kristian Händler
- Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics (PRECISE), DZNE and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Matthias Becker
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Marc D. Beyer
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics (PRECISE), DZNE and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Leo A. B. Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andre J. A. M. van der Ven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Joachim L. Schultze
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics (PRECISE), DZNE and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna C. Aschenbrenner
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
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Woo MS, Ufer F, Sonner JK, Belkacemi A, Tintelnot J, Sáez PJ, Krieg PF, Mayer C, Binkle-Ladisch L, Engler JB, Bauer S, Kursawe N, Vieira V, Mannebach S, Freichel M, Flockerzi V, Vargas P, Friese MA. Calcium channel β3 subunit regulates ATP-dependent migration of dendritic cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh1653. [PMID: 37729408 PMCID: PMC10511199 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Migratory dendritic cells (migDCs) continuously patrol tissues and are activated by injury and inflammation. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released by damaged cells or actively secreted during inflammation and increases migDC motility. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which ATP accelerates migDC migration is not understood. Here, we show that migDCs can be distinguished from other DC subsets and immune cells by their expression of the voltage-gated calcium channel subunit β3 (Cavβ3; CACNB3), which exclusively facilitates ATP-dependent migration in vitro and during tissue damage in vivo. By contrast, CACNB3 does not regulate lipopolysaccharide-dependent migration. Mechanistically, CACNB3 regulates ATP-dependent inositol 1,4,5-trisphophate receptor-controlled calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum. This, in turn, is required for ATP-mediated suppression of adhesion molecules, their detachment, and initiation of migDC migration. Thus, Cacnb3-deficient migDCs have an impaired migration after ATP exposure. In summary, we identified CACNB3 as a master regulator of ATP-dependent migDC migration that controls tissue-specific immunological responses during injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel S Woo
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Ufer
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jana K Sonner
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anouar Belkacemi
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Joseph Tintelnot
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pablo J Sáez
- Institut Curie and Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005, Paris, France
- Cell Communication and Migration Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paula F Krieg
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Mayer
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Binkle-Ladisch
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Broder Engler
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Bauer
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nina Kursawe
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Vieira
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Mannebach
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Marc Freichel
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veit Flockerzi
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Institut Curie and Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
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Liu MT, Shen JX, Li XW, Yang L, Li Y, Sang P, Yang LQ. Study on molecular mechanisms of CD4 dependency and independency of HIV-1 gp120. RSC Adv 2023; 13:6274-6286. [PMID: 36825290 PMCID: PMC9942563 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00433c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Different HIV-1 strains have different antibody neutralization phenotypes (or CD4-dependencies). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these differences remain to be elucidated. In this study, we constructed gp120 structural models from the CD4-dependent, neutralization-resistant JR-FL strain and the CD4-independent, neutralization-sensitive R2 strain and carried out several conventional molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and free energy landscape (FEL) constructions. Comparative analyses of the MD simulations and FELs indicated that R2 gp120 had higher global structural flexibility and greater conformational diversity than JR-FL gp120. This provides the preconditions for R2 gp120 to adopt a more open conformation than JR-FL gp120. Essential dynamics (ED) analysis showed that the collective motions of R2 gp120 tend towards an open state while those of JR-FL gp120 tend to retain a closed state. Based on conformational selection theory, R2 gp120's more readily sampled open state makes it more sensitive to neutralizing antibodies (or more CD4-independent) than JR-FL gp120, which may explain why the HIV-1 R2 and JR-FL strains show CD4-independent and -dependent phenotypes, respectively. Our study provides thermodynamic and kinetic insights into the CD4-dependent and -independent molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 gp120 and helps shed light on HIV-1 immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Liu
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University Dali 671000 China .,Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology of the Department of Education of Yunnan Province, Dali University Dali 671000 China
| | - Jian-Xin Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Xin-Wei Li
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University Dali 671000 China .,Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology of the Department of Education of Yunnan Province, Dali University Dali 671000 China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Dali UniversityDali 671000China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Dali UniversityDali 671000China
| | - Peng Sang
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University Dali 671000 China .,Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology of the Department of Education of Yunnan Province, Dali University Dali 671000 China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-pathogenic Plant Resources from West Yunnan, Dali University Dali 671000 China
| | - Li-Quan Yang
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University Dali 671000 China .,Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology of the Department of Education of Yunnan Province, Dali University Dali 671000 China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-pathogenic Plant Resources from West Yunnan, Dali University Dali 671000 China
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6
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Transcriptome Analysis of Bovine Macrophages (BoMac) Cells after Infection with Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus. J Vet Res 2022; 66:487-495. [PMID: 36846036 PMCID: PMC9944999 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) is found worldwide in cattle under natural conditions. However, the effect of BIV infection on immune functions has not been fully characterised. Material and Methods Transcriptome analysis of BoMac cells after in vitro infection with BIV was performed using BLOPlus bovine microarrays. Genes identified as differentially expressed were subjected to functional analysis with the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software (IPA). Results Out of 1,743 genes with altered expression, 1,315 were mapped as unique molecules. In total, 718 genes were identified as upregulated and 597 genes as downregulated. Differentially expressed genes were involved in 16 pathways related to immune response. The most enriched canonical pathway was leukocyte extravasation signalling. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) production was indicated as the most activated pathway and the 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 4 (PFKFB4) signalling pathway was the most inhibited one. In addition, the study showed that the inflammatory response was decreased during BIV infection. Conclusion This is the first report to describe the microarray analysis of changes in gene expression upon BIV infection of bovine macrophages. Our data indicated how BIV influences the expression of genes and signalling pathways engaged in the immune response.
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7
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Real F, Zhu A, Huang B, Belmellat A, Sennepin A, Vogl T, Ransy C, Revol M, Arrigucci R, Lombès A, Roth J, Gennaro ML, Bouillaud F, Cristofari S, Bomsel M. S100A8-mediated metabolic adaptation controls HIV-1 persistence in macrophages in vivo. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5956. [PMID: 36220814 PMCID: PMC9553955 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33401-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 eradication is hindered by viral persistence in cell reservoirs, established not only in circulatory CD4+T-cells but also in tissue-resident macrophages. The nature of macrophage reservoirs and mechanisms of persistence despite combined anti-retroviral therapy (cART) remain unclear. Using genital mucosa from cART-suppressed HIV-1-infected individuals, we evaluated the implication of macrophage immunometabolic pathways in HIV-1 persistence. We demonstrate that ex vivo, macrophage tissue reservoirs contain transcriptionally active HIV-1 and viral particles accumulated in virus-containing compartments, and harbor an inflammatory IL-1R+S100A8+MMP7+M4-phenotype prone to glycolysis. Reactivation of infectious virus production and release from these reservoirs in vitro are induced by the alarmin S100A8, an endogenous factor produced by M4-macrophages and implicated in “sterile” inflammation. This process metabolically depends on glycolysis. Altogether, inflammatory M4-macrophages form a major tissue reservoir of replication-competent HIV-1, which reactivate viral production upon autocrine/paracrine S100A8-mediated glycolytic stimulation. This HIV-1 persistence pathway needs to be targeted in future HIV eradication strategies. HIV-1 eradication is hindered by viral persistence in different cell reservoirs, including circulatory CD4+ T-cells and tissue-resident macrophages. Here, by analyzing male genital mucosa from cART-suppressed HIV1-infected individuals, Real et al. show that M4 macrophages represent the major macrophage HIV-1 reservoir in this tissue. These macrophages have an inflammatory IL1R+S100A8+MMP7+M4-phenotype, and contain transcriptionally active HIV-1, which reactivate infectious virus production from viral latency in response to autocrine/paracrine S100A8-mediated glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Real
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV and Mucosal Immunity, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Aiwei Zhu
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV and Mucosal Immunity, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Boxin Huang
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV and Mucosal Immunity, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Ania Belmellat
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV and Mucosal Immunity, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Sennepin
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV and Mucosal Immunity, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology and Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Céline Ransy
- CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Marc Revol
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Riccardo Arrigucci
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Anne Lombès
- CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology and Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Frédéric Bouillaud
- CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Sarra Cristofari
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Bomsel
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV and Mucosal Immunity, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France. .,CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France. .,Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France.
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8
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Yin L, Dinasarapu AR, Borkar SA, Chang KF, De Paris K, Kim-Chang JJ, Sleasman JW, Goodenow MM. Anti-inflammatory effects of recreational marijuana in virally suppressed youth with HIV-1 are reversed by use of tobacco products in combination with marijuana. Retrovirology 2022; 19:10. [PMID: 35642061 PMCID: PMC9151353 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-022-00594-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marijuana's putative anti-inflammatory properties may benefit HIV-associated comorbidities. How recreational marijuana use affects gene expression in peripheral blood cells (PBC) among youth with HIV-1 (YWH) is unknown. APPROACH YWH with defined substance use (n = 54) receiving similar antiretroviral therapy (ART) were assigned to one of four analysis groups: YWH with detectable plasma HIV-1 (> 50 RNA copies/ml) who did not use substances (H+V+S-), and YWH with undetectable plasma HIV-1 who did not use substances (H+V-S-), or used marijuana alone (H+V-S+[M]), or marijuana in combination with tobacco (H+V-S+[M/T]). Non-substance using youth without HIV infection (H-S-, n = 25) provided a reference group. PBC mRNA was profiled by Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) within outcome groups were identified by Significance Analysis of Microarrays and used for Hierarchical Clustering, Principal Component Analysis, and Ingenuity Pathways Analysis. RESULTS HIV-1 replication resulted in > 3000 DEG involving 27 perturbed pathways. Viral suppression reduced DEG to 313, normalized all 27 pathways, and down-regulated two additional pathways, while marijuana use among virally suppressed YWH resulted in 434 DEG and no perturbed pathways. Relative to H+V-S-, multiple DEG normalized in H+V-S+[M]. In contrast, H+V-S+[M/T] had 1140 DEG and 10 dysregulated pathways, including multiple proinflammatory genes and six pathways shared by H+V+S-. CONCLUSIONS YWH receiving ART display unique transcriptome bioprofiles based on viral replication and substance use. In the context of HIV suppression, marijuana use, alone or combined with tobacco, has opposing effects on inflammatory gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yin
- Molecular HIV Host Interaction Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 50 South Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
| | | | - Samiksha A Borkar
- Molecular HIV Host Interaction Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 50 South Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Kai-Fen Chang
- Molecular HIV Host Interaction Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 50 South Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Kristina De Paris
- Department of Microbiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Julie J Kim-Chang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John W Sleasman
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maureen M Goodenow
- Molecular HIV Host Interaction Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 50 South Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
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9
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Martins LJ, Szaniawski MA, Williams ESCP, Coiras M, Hanley TM, Planelles V. HIV-1 Accessory Proteins Impart a Modest Interferon Response and Upregulate Cell Cycle-Related Genes in Macrophages. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020163. [PMID: 35215107 PMCID: PMC8878269 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection of myeloid cells is associated with the induction of an IFN response. How HIV-1 manipulates and subverts the IFN response is of key interest for the design of therapeutics to improve immune function and mitigate immune dysregulation in people living with HIV. HIV-1 accessory genes function to improve viral fitness by altering host pathways in ways that enable transmission to occur without interference from the immune response. We previously described changes in transcriptomes from HIV-1 infected and from IFN-stimulated macrophages and noted that transcription of IFN-regulated genes and genes related to cell cycle processes were upregulated during HIV-1 infection. In the present study, we sought to define the roles of individual viral accessory genes in upregulation of IFN-regulated and cell cycle-related genes using RNA sequencing. We observed that Vif induces a set of genes involved in mitotic processes and that these genes are potently downregulated upon stimulation with type-I and -II IFNs. Vpr also upregulated cell cycle-related genes and was largely responsible for inducing an attenuated IFN response. We note that the induced IFN response most closely resembled a type-III IFN response. Vpu and Nef-regulated smaller sets of genes whose transcriptomic signatures upon infection related to cytokine and chemokine processes. This work provides more insight regarding processes that are manipulated by HIV-1 accessory proteins at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Martins
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (L.J.M.); (E.S.C.P.W.)
| | - Matthew A. Szaniawski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
| | - Elizabeth S. C. P. Williams
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (L.J.M.); (E.S.C.P.W.)
| | - Mayte Coiras
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology (CNM) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISDIII), 28222 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Timothy M. Hanley
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (L.J.M.); (E.S.C.P.W.)
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Correspondence: (T.M.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Vicente Planelles
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (L.J.M.); (E.S.C.P.W.)
- Correspondence: (T.M.H.); (V.P.)
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10
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Johnson EL, Swieboda D, Olivier A, Enninga EAL, Chakraborty R. Robust innate immune responses at the placenta during early gestation may limit in utero HIV transmission. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009860. [PMID: 34432853 PMCID: PMC8437274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, >90% of new HIV infections in infants globally occurred vertically. Studies suggest intrauterine transmission most often occurs in the third trimester; however, there are no mechanistic studies to support these observations. We therefore obtained early/mid-gestation and term placentae from 20 HIV/Hepatitis B/CMV negative women. Isolated primary placental macrophages (Hofbauer cells [HCs]) were exposed to HIV-1BaL and/or interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-β, IFN-λ1, and RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) agonists. qRT-PCR, FACS, ELISA, Luminex, and Western blot analyses determined expression of activation markers, co-receptors, viral antigen, cytokines, antiviral genes, and host proteins. Early gestation HCs express higher levels of CCR5 and exhibit a more activated phenotype. Despite downregulation of CCR5, term HCs were more susceptible to HIV replication. Early gestation HCs displayed a more activated phenotype than term HCs and HIV exposure lead to the further up-regulation of T-cell co-stimulatory and MHC molecules. Limited HIV replication in early/mid gestation HCs was associated with increased secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and a more robust antiviral immune response. In contrast, term HCs were more susceptible to HIV replication, associated with dampening of IFN-induced STAT1 and STAT2 protein activation. Treatment of early/mid gestation and term HCs, with type I IFNs or RLR agonists reduced HIV replication, underscoring the importance of IFN and RLR signaling in inducing an antiviral state. Viral recognition and antiviral immunity in early gestation HCs may prevent in utero HIV infection, whereas diminished antiviral responses at term can facilitate transmission. Defining mechanisms and specific timing of vertical transmission are critical for the development of specific vaccines and antiviral therapeutics to prevent new HIV infections in children globally. Mother-to-child transmission is the main source of HIV infection in children globally. Studies suggest vertical transmission most often occurs late in the third trimester; however, there are no studies to support these observations. Our study shows that gestational age plays a significant role in the ability of placental macrophages to generate robust antiviral responses, which are necessary to prevent or reduce viral burden. Specifically, we show that viral recognition by RIG-I-like receptors and robust antiviral immune responses in placental cells during early gestation may prevent in utero HIV infection. We also demonstrate that term placental macrophages are limited in their antiviral capacity due to restricted type I IFN signaling. Understanding the mechanisms and timing of vertical transmission are important to understand for the development of specific vaccines and antiviral therapeutics to prevent new HIV infections in children globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Dominika Swieboda
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Amanda Olivier
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Ann L Enninga
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Rana Chakraborty
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
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11
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Interactions with Commensal and Pathogenic Bacteria Induce HIV-1 Latency in Macrophages through Altered Transcription Factor Recruitment to the LTR. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.02141-20. [PMID: 33472928 PMCID: PMC8092691 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02141-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are infected by HIV-1 in vivo and contribute to both viral spread and pathogenesis. Recent human and animal studies suggest that HIV-1-infected macrophages serve as a reservoir that contributes to HIV-1 persistence during anti-retroviral therapy. The ability of macrophages to serve as persistent viral reservoirs is likely influenced by the local tissue microenvironment, including interactions with pathogenic and commensal microbes. Here we show that the sexually transmitted pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) and the gut-associated microbe Escherichia coli (E. coli), which encode ligands for both Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4, repressed HIV-1 replication in macrophages and thereby induced a state reminiscent of viral latency. This repression was mediated by signaling through TLR4 and the adaptor protein TRIF and was associated with increased production of type I interferons. Inhibiting TLR4 signaling, blocking type 1 interferon, or knocking-down TRIF reversed LPS- and GC-mediated repression of HIV-1. Finally, the repression of HIV-1 in macrophages was associated with the recruitment of interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) to the interferon stimulated response element (ISRE) downstream of the 5' HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR). Our data indicate that IRF8 is responsible for repression of HIV-1 replication in macrophages in response to TRIF-dependent signaling during GC and E. coli co-infection. These findings highlight the potential role of macrophages as HIV-1 reservoirs as well as the role of the tissue microenvironment and co-infections as modulators of HIV-1 persistence.IMPORTANCE The major barrier toward the eradication of HIV-1 infection is the presence of a small reservoir of latently infected cells, which include CD4+ T cells and macrophages that escape immune-mediated clearance and the effects of anti-retroviral therapy. There remain crucial gaps in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that lead to transcriptionally silent or latent HIV-1 infection of macrophages. The significance of our research is in identifying microenvironmental factors, such as commensal and pathogenic microbes, that can contribute to the establishment and maintenance of latent HIV-1 infection in macrophages. It is hoped that identifying key processes contributing to HIV-1 persistence in macrophages may ultimately lead to novel therapeutics to eliminate latent HIV-1 reservoirs in vivo.
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12
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Altered expression of fractalkine in HIV-1-infected astrocytes and consequences for the virus-related neurotoxicity. J Neurovirol 2021; 27:279-301. [PMID: 33646495 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-021-00955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 infection in the central nervous system (CNS) causes the release of neurotoxic products from infected cells which trigger extensive neuronal loss. Clinically, this results in HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). However, the effects on neuroprotective factors in the brain remain poorly understood and understudied in this situation. HAND is a multifactorial process involving several players, and the complex cellular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated yet. In this study, we reported that HIV-1 infection of astrocytes limits their potential to express the protective chemokine fractalkine in response to an inflammatory environment. We next confirmed that this effect was not due to a default in its shedding from the cell surface. We then investigated the biological mechanism responsible for this reduced fractalkine expression and found that HIV-1 infection specifically blocks the interaction of transcription factor NF-κB on its promoter with no effect on other cytokines. Moreover, we demonstrated that fractalkine production in astrocytes is regulated in response to immune factors secreted by infected/activated microglia and macrophages. In contrast, we observed that conditioned media from these infected cells also trigger neuronal apoptosis. At last, we demonstrated a strong neuroprotective action of fractalkine on human neurons by reducing neuronal damages. Taken together, our results indicate new relevant interactions between HIV-1 and fractalkine signaling in the CNS. This study provides new information to broaden the understanding of HAND and possibly foresee new therapeutic strategies. Considering its neuro-protective functions, reducing its production from astrocytes could have important outcomes in chronic neuroinflammation and in HIV-1 neuropathogenesis.
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13
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Zhu W, Xu M, Chen CZ, Guo H, Shen M, Hu X, Shinn P, Klumpp-Thomas C, Michael SG, Zheng W. Identification of SARS-CoV-2 3CL Protease Inhibitors by a Quantitative High-Throughput Screening. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:1008-1016. [PMID: 33062953 PMCID: PMC7507806 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emphasized the urgency to develop effective therapeutics. Drug repurposing screening is regarded as one of the most practical and rapid approaches for the discovery of such therapeutics. The 3C-like protease (3CLpro), or main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is a valid drug target as it is a specific viral enzyme and plays an essential role in viral replication. We performed a quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) of 10 755 compounds consisting of approved and investigational drugs, and bioactive compounds using a SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro assay. Twenty-three small molecule inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro have been identified with IC50s ranging from 0.26 to 28.85 μM. Walrycin B (IC50 = 0.26 μM), hydroxocobalamin (IC50 = 3.29 μM), suramin sodium (IC50 = 6.5 μM), Z-DEVD-FMK (IC50 = 6.81 μM), LLL-12 (IC50 = 9.84 μM), and Z-FA-FMK (IC50 = 11.39 μM) are the most potent 3CLpro inhibitors. The activity of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 viral infection was confirmed in 7 of 23 compounds using a SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effect assay. The results demonstrated a set of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitors that may have potential for further clinical evaluation as part of drug combination therapies to treating COVID-19 patients and as starting points for chemistry optimization for new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Miao Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Catherine Z Chen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Hui Guo
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Xin Hu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Paul Shinn
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Carleen Klumpp-Thomas
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Samuel G Michael
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
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14
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Zhu W, Xu M, Chen CZ, Guo H, Shen M, Hu X, Shinn P, Klumpp-Thomas C, Michael SG, Zheng W. Identification of SARS-CoV-2 3CL Protease Inhibitors by a Quantitative High-throughput Screening. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.07.17.207019. [PMID: 32803196 PMCID: PMC7427131 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.17.207019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emphasized the urgency to develop effective therapeutics. Drug repurposing screening is regarded as one of the most practical and rapid approaches for the discovery of such therapeutics. The 3C like protease (3CL pro ), or main protease (M pro ) of SARS-CoV-2 is a valid drug target as it is a specific viral enzyme and plays an essential role in viral replication. We performed a quantitative high throughput screening (qHTS) of 10,755 compounds consisting of approved and investigational drugs, and bioactive compounds using a SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro assay. Twenty-three small molecule inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro have been identified with IC50s ranging from 0.26 to 28.85 μM. Walrycin B (IC 50 = 0.26 µM), Hydroxocobalamin (IC 50 = 3.29 µM), Suramin sodium (IC 50 = 6.5 µM), Z-DEVD-FMK (IC 50 = 6.81 µM), LLL-12 (IC 50 = 9.84 µM), and Z-FA-FMK (IC 50 = 11.39 µM) are the most potent 3CL pro inhibitors. The activities of anti-SARS-CoV-2 viral infection was confirmed in 7 of 23 compounds using a SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effect assay. The results demonstrated a set of SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro inhibitors that may have potential for further clinical evaluation as part of drug combination therapies to treating COVID-19 patients, and as starting points for chemistry optimization for new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Catherine Z. Chen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Hui Guo
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Xin Hu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Paul Shinn
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Carleen Klumpp-Thomas
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Samuel G. Michael
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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15
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Long Noncoding RNA GAS5 Regulates Macrophage Polarization and Diabetic Wound Healing. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:1629-1638. [PMID: 32004569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A central feature of diabetic (Db) wounds is the persistence of chronic inflammation, which is partly due to the prolonged presence of proinflammatory (M1) macrophages. Using in vivo and in vitro analyses, we have tested the hypothesis that long noncoding RNA GAS5 is dysregulated in Db wounds. We have assessed the contribution of GAS5 to the M1 macrophage phenotype, as well as the functional consequences of knocking down its expression. We found that expression of GAS5 is increased significantly in Db wounds and in cells isolated from Db wounds. Hyperglycemia induced GAS5 expression in macrophages in vitro. Overexpression of GAS5 in vitro promoted macrophage polarization toward an M1 phenotype by upregulating signal transducer and activator of transcription 1. Of most significance in our judgment, GAS5 loss-of-function enhanced Db wound healing. These data indicate that the relative level of long noncoding RNA GAS5 in wounds plays a key role in the wound healing response. Reductions in the levels of GAS5 in wounds appeared to enhance healing by promoting transition of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages. Thus, our results suggest that targeting long noncoding RNA GAS5 may provide a therapeutic intervention for correcting impaired Db wound healing.
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16
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Graziano F, Aimola G, Forlani G, Turrini F, Accolla RS, Vicenzi E, Poli G. Reversible Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Latency in Primary Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages Induced by Sustained M1 Polarization. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14249. [PMID: 30250078 PMCID: PMC6155284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32451-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have reported that short-term stimulation of primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) with interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), i.e. M1 polarization, leads to a significant containment of virus replication. Here we show that M1-MDM restimulation with these cytokines 7 days after infection (M12 MDM) promoted an increased restriction of HIV-1 replication characterized by very low levels of virus production near to undetectable levels. In comparison to control and M1-MDM that were not restimulated, M12 MDM showed a stronger reduction of both total and integrated HIV DNA as well as of viral mRNA expression. M12 MDM were characterized by an upregulated expression of restriction factors acting at the level of reverse transcription (RT), including apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3A (APOBEC3A) and APOBEC3G, but not SAM domain and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1). M12 MDM also showed an increased expression of Class II Transactivator (CIITA) and Tripartite Motif22 (TRIM22), two negative regulators of proviral transcription, whereas expression and phosphorylation of transcriptional inducers of HIV-1, such as nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), were not impaired in these cells. The almost quiescent state of the infection in M12 MDM was promptly reversed by coculture with mitogen-stimulated leukocytes or cell incubation with their filtered culture supernatant. M12 MDM harbored replication-competent HIV-1 as virus spreading following cell stimulation was fully prevented by the RT inhibitor lamivudine/3TC. Selective reactivation of proviral expression in M12 MDM, but not in control or in M1-MDM that were not restimulated, was confirmed in cells infected with single round Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-G-pseudotyped HIV-1. Thus, M12 MDM represent an in vitro model of reversible, almost quiescent HIV-1 infection of primary human macrophages that could be further exploited for “Cure” related investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Graziano
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.,Institute Curie Laboratoire Immunité et Cancer - INSERM U932, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris cedex 05, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Aimola
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Greta Forlani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Filippo Turrini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto S Accolla
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Elisa Vicenzi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Guido Poli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy. .,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University School of Medicine, Milano, Italy.
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17
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Tan H, Chen W, Liu Q, Yang G, Li K. Pectin Oligosaccharides Ameliorate Colon Cancer by Regulating Oxidative Stress- and Inflammation-Activated Signaling Pathways. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1504. [PMID: 30013563 PMCID: PMC6036268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer (CC) is the third common neoplasm worldwide, and it is still a big challenge for exploring new effective medicine for treating CC. Natural product promoting human health has become a hot topic and attracted many researchers recently. Pectin, a complex polysaccharide in plant cell wall, mainly consists of four major types of polysaccharides: homogalacturonan, xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan I and II, all of which can be degraded into various pectin oligosaccharides (POS) and may provide abundant resource for exploring potential anticancer drugs. POS have been regarded as a novel class of potential functional food with multiple health-promoting properties. POS have antibacterial activities against some aggressive and recurrent bacterial infection and exert beneficial immunomodulation for controlling CC risk. However, the molecular functional role of POS in the prevention of CC risk and progression remains doubtful. The review focuses on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles of POS for promoting human health by regulating some potential oxidative and inflammation-activated pathways, such as ATP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways. The activation of these signaling pathways increases the antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities, which will result in the apoptosis of CC cells or in the prevention of CC risk and progression. Thus, POS may inhibit CC development by affecting antioxidant and antiinflammatory signaling pathways AMPK, Nrf2, and NF-κB. However, POS also can activate signal transduction and transcriptional activator 1 and 3 signaling pathway, which will reduce antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and promote CC progression. Specific structural and structurally modified POS may be associated with their functions and should be deeply explored in the future. The present review paper lacks the important information for the linkage between the specific structure of POS and its function. To further explore the effects of prebiotic potential of POS and their derivatives on human immunomodulation in the prevention of CC, the specific POS with a certain degree of polymerization or purified polymers are highly demanded to be performed in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Tan
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Qishun Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Guojun Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Kuikui Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
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Taylor JP, Cash MN, Santostefano KE, Nakanishi M, Terada N, Wallet MA. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of USP18 enhances type I IFN responsiveness and restricts HIV-1 infection in macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 103:1225-1240. [PMID: 29437254 PMCID: PMC6754309 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mia0917-352r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The IFN-stimulated gene ubiquitin-specific proteinase 18 (USP18) encodes a protein that negatively regulates T1 IFN signaling via stearic inhibition of JAK1 recruitment to the IFN-α receptor 2 subunit (IFNAR2). Here, we demonstrate that USP18 expression is induced by HIV-1 in a T1 IFN-dependent manner. Experimental depletion of USP18 by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene editing results in a significant restriction of HIV-1 replication in an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived macrophage model. In the absence of USP18, macrophages have increased responsiveness to stimulation with T1 IFNs with prolonged phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2 and increased expression of IFN-stimulated genes that are key for antiviral responses. Interestingly, HIV-1 requires some signaling through the T1 IFN receptor to replicate efficiently because a neutralizing antibody that inhibits T1 IFN activity reduces HIV-1 replication rate in monocyte-derived macrophages. USP18 induction by HIV-1 tunes the IFN response to optimal levels allowing for efficient transcription from the HIV-1 LTR promoter while minimizing the T1 IFN-induced antiviral response that would otherwise restrict viral replication and spread. Finally, iPSC and CRISPR/Cas9 gene targeting offer a powerful tool to study host factors that regulate innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared P. Taylor
- Department of PathologyImmunology & Laboratory MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Melanie N. Cash
- Department of PathologyImmunology & Laboratory MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Katherine E. Santostefano
- Department of PathologyImmunology & Laboratory MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Center for Cellular ReprogrammingUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Mahito Nakanishi
- Research Center for Stem Cell EngineeringNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and TechnologyTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Naohiro Terada
- Department of PathologyImmunology & Laboratory MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Center for Cellular ReprogrammingUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Mark A. Wallet
- Department of PathologyImmunology & Laboratory MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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