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Wang J, Song Y, Xie W, Zhao J, Wang Y, Yu W. Therapeutic angiogenesis based on injectable hydrogel for protein delivery in ischemic heart disease. iScience 2023; 26:106577. [PMID: 37192972 PMCID: PMC10182303 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains the leading cause of death and disability worldwide and leads to myocardial necrosis and negative myocardial remodeling, ultimately leading to heart failure. Current treatments include drug therapy, interventional therapy, and surgery. However, some patients with severe diffuse coronary artery disease, complex coronary artery anatomy, and other reasons are unsuitable for these treatments. Therapeutic angiogenesis stimulates the growth of the original blood vessels by using exogenous growth factors to generate more new blood vessels, which provides a new treatment for IHD. However, direct injection of these growth factors can cause a short half-life and serious side effects owing to systemic spread. Therefore, to overcome this problem, hydrogels have been developed for temporally and spatially controlled delivery of single or multiple growth factors to mimic the process of angiogenesis in vivo. This paper reviews the mechanism of angiogenesis, some important bioactive molecules, and natural and synthetic hydrogels currently being applied for bioactive molecule delivery to treat IHD. Furthermore, the current challenges of therapeutic angiogenesis in IHD and its potential solutions are discussed to facilitate real translation into clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junke Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 26000, China
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Yancheng Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 26000, China
| | - Wenjie Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, Qingdao, Shandong 26000, China
| | - Jiang Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 26000, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Wenzhou Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 26003, China
- Corresponding author
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Dariushnejad H, Pirzeh L, Roshanravan N, Ghorbanzadeh V. Sodium butyrate and voluntary exercise through activating VEGF-A downstream signaling pathway improve heart angiogenesis in type 2 diabetes. Microvasc Res 2023; 147:104475. [PMID: 36657710 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inadequate angiogenesis in patients with type 2 diabetic heart could result in deprived collateral formation. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effects of sodium butyrate (NaB) along with voluntary exercise simultaneously on the mechanisms acting on cardiac angiogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were divided into the following five groups: control (Con), diabetic rats (Dia), diabetic rats treated with NaB (200 mg/kg, i.p.) (Dia-NaB), diabetic rats receiving voluntary exercise (Dia-Exe), and diabetic rats treated with NaB and exercise simultaneously (Dia-NaB-Exe). After an eight-week duration, NO metabolites levels were measured using Griess method, the VEGF-A and VEGFR2 expressions was examined by PCR, the expressions of VEGF-A and VEGFR2 proteins was investigated by western blot, and ELISA method was used for Akt, ERK1/2 expression. RESULTS Cardiac VEGF-A and VEGFR2 expressions were higher in the Dia-Exe and Dia-NaB-Exe groups compared to the Dia group. However, a combination of exercise and NaB enhanced the VEGF-A expression in cardiac tissue compared to the Dia-NaB and Dai-Exe groups. Heart NOx concentration was higher in the treated groups compared to the Dia group. The expression of cardiac Akt levels increased in both the Dia-Exe and Dia-NaB-Exe groups compared to the Dia groups. In addition, cardiac ERK1/2 expression was found to be higher in the Dia-NaB-Exe group compared to the Dia group. CONCLUSION The findings of this study showed the therapeutic potential of a novel combination therapy of sodium butyrate and voluntary exercise in improving cardiac angiogenesis with the enhanced involvement mechanism in high fat/STZ-induced type 2 diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Dariushnejad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rahimi Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad, Iran
| | - Lale Pirzeh
- Institute for Vascular Signaling, Center for Molecular Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfort am Main, Germany
| | - Neda Roshanravan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vajihe Ghorbanzadeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rahimi Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad, Iran.
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Wang S, Huo H, Wu H, Ma F, Liao J, Li X, Ding Q, Tang Z, Guo J. Effects of NAC assisted insulin on cholesterol metabolism disorders in canine type 1 diabetes mellitus. Life Sci 2023; 313:121193. [PMID: 36463942 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by insulin deficiency and often accompanied by hypercholesterolemia. NAC is an effective antioxidative drug, but its application in the treatment of diabetes is still rare. A total of forty beagles were randomly divided into five groups: control group, DM group, INS group, INS with NAC group, and NAC group. The experiment lasted for 120 days. Results revealed that biochemical criterion increased in the DM group, while the indicators significantly decreased on the INS combined with NAC treatment group. Moreover, the insulin released test demonstrated that the model of T1DM was successfully constructed. The result of B ultrasound of gallbladder showed remarkable cholestasis in DM group. The cholesterol metabolism-related enzyme activity (HMGCR and SQLE) was evidently increased in DM group, but decreased in INS and NAC group. The content of TG, LDL-c, and HDL-c in liver was detected by the kit, and it was found that the content of TG, LDL-c, and HDL-c in DM group were reduced. Histopathological observation revealed that the cholestasis of liver cells and hepatic cords were disordered in DM group, the symptoms were alleviated under INS and NAC treatment. Additionally, the protein and mRNA expression of HMGCR and LDLR were obviously increased in DM group, but down regulated in INS and NAC treatment group. Overall, the liver function injury and secondary hypercholesterolemia can be found in T1DM canines, and NAC can relieve cholesterol metabolism disorder in the treatment of canine T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhou Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Haihua Huo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Haitong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Feiyang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Jianzhao Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Xinrun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Qingyu Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Jianying Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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4
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Sabe SA, Scrimgeour LA, Xu CM, Sabra M, Karbasiafshar C, Aboulgheit A, Abid MR, Sellke FW. Extracellular vesicle therapy attenuates antiangiogenic signaling in ischemic myocardium of swine with metabolic syndrome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022:S0022-5223(22)01006-6. [PMID: 36244819 PMCID: PMC10023593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2022.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our recent studies using a porcine model of metabolic syndrome (MS) and chronic myocardial ischemia show that extracellular vesicle (EV) therapy improves blood flow and arteriogenesis in ischemic myocardium, although mechanisms of these changes are unclear. We hypothesized that in the setting of MS, EV therapy would decrease antiangiogenic signaling to mediate increased blood flow to chronically ischemic myocardium. METHODS Yorkshire swine were fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks to induce MS, then underwent placement of an ameroid constrictor to the left circumflex artery to induce chronic myocardial ischemia. Two weeks later, pigs underwent intramyocardial injection of vehicle (control, n = 6) or human bone marrow-derived EVs (n = 8). Five weeks later, left ventricular myocardium in ischemic territory was harvested. Protein expression was measured using immunoblot analysis, and data were analyzed using Wilcoxon rank sum test. Myocardial perfusion was measured with isotope-labeled microspheres, and correlation data were analyzed using Spearman rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS EV treatment was associated with decreased expression of antiangiogenic proteins, angiostatin (P < .001) and endostatin (P = .043) in ischemic myocardium compared with control. In EV-treated pigs, there was a negative correlation between blood flow to ischemic myocardium and angiostatin (rs = -0.76; P = .037), but not endostatin expression (rs = .02; P = .98). EV treatment was also associated with decreased cathepsin D, which cleaves precursors to produce angiostatin and endostatin, in ischemic myocardium (P = .020). CONCLUSIONS In the setting of MS and chronic myocardial ischemia, EV therapy is associated with decreased expression of antiangiogenic proteins, which might contribute to increased blood flow to chronically ischemic myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif A Sabe
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Laura A Scrimgeour
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Cynthia M Xu
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Mohamed Sabra
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Catherine Karbasiafshar
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Ahmed Aboulgheit
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - M Ruhul Abid
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.
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Gene Therapy of Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia: Vascular Medical Perspectives. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051282. [PMID: 35268373 PMCID: PMC8910863 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A decade ago, gene therapy seemed to be a promising approach for the treatment of chronic limb-threatening ischemia, providing new perspectives for patients without conventional, open or endovascular therapeutic options by potentially enabling neo-angiogenesis. Yet, until now, the results have been far from a safe and routine clinical application. In general, there are two approaches for inserting exogenous genes in a host genome: transduction and transfection. In case of transduction, viral vectors are used to introduce genes into cells, and depending on the selected strain of the virus, a transient or stable duration of protein production can be achieved. In contrast, the transfection of DNA is transmitted by chemical or physical processes such as lipofection, electro- or sonoporation. Relevant risks of gene therapy may be an increasing neo-vascularization in undesired tissue. The risks of malignant transformation and inflammation are the potential drawbacks. Additionally, atherosclerotic plaques can be destabilized by the increased angiogenesis, leading to arterial thrombosis. Clinical trials from pilot studies to Phase II and III studies on angiogenic gene therapy show mainly a mixed picture of positive and negative final results; thus, the role of gene therapy in vascular occlusive disease remains unclear.
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Yazdani F, Shahidi F, Karimi P. The effect of 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on cardiac angiogenesis factor in diabetic male rats. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 76:291-299. [PMID: 32157499 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00733-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The balance of pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors has a significant role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) on the myocardial angiogenic factors and histological changes in male diabetic rats. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups: healthy non-exercised control, diabetic (D), D + HIIT, and D+ MICT groups. Diabetes type 2 was induced by a high-fat diet for 2 weeks and a single injection of streptozotocin. Following confirmation of diabetes, animals were subjected to HIIT (90 to 95% of VO2max) or MICT (50-65% of VO2max) protocols 5 days a week for 8 weeks. Western blotting was used for detection of protein expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP2) in the left ventricle. In addition, baseline and final blood glucose and body weight were measured. Histological changes were evaluated using H&E and Masson's trichrome staining. The results showed that exercise increased protein levels of pro-angiogenic factors while reduced anti-angiogenic factors protein levels in diabetic animals. These changes were followed by increased capillary density and reduced interstitial fibrosis in the left ventricle. Moreover, the MICT was superior to HIIT in enhancing angiogenic factors and attenuation of blood glucose and fibrosis in the diabetic rats. These findings confirm the effectiveness of exercise, particularly MICT, in the improvement of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faramarz Yazdani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Shahidi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Pouran Karimi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Brakenhielm E, Richard V. Therapeutic vascular growth in the heart. VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 1:H9-H15. [PMID: 32923948 PMCID: PMC7439849 DOI: 10.1530/vb-19-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Despite tremendous efforts in preclinical research over the last decades, the clinical translation of therapeutic angiogenesis to grow stable and functional blood vessels in patients with ischemic diseases continues to prove challenging. In this mini review, we briefly present the current main approaches applied to improve pro-angiogenic therapies. Specific examples from research on therapeutic cardiac angiogenesis and arteriogenesis will be discussed, and finally some suggestions for future therapeutic developments will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebba Brakenhielm
- Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1096 (EnVI Laboratory), FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
| | - Vincent Richard
- Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1096 (EnVI Laboratory), FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
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Misu H. Pathophysiological significance of hepatokine overproduction in type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Int 2018; 9:224-233. [PMID: 30603372 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-018-0368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Currently, many studies draw attention to novel secretory factors, such as adipokines or myokines, derived from the tissues that were not originally recognized as endocrine organs. The liver may contribute to the onset of various kinds of pathologies of type 2 diabetes by way of the production of secretory proteins "hepatokines." Using the comprehensive gene expression analyses in human livers, we have rediscovered selenoprotein P and LECT2 as hepatokines involved in the onset of dysregulated glucose metabolism. Overproduction of selenoprotein P, previously reported as a transport protein of selenium, induces insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic condition. Selenoprotein P also contributes to vascular complications of type 2 diabetes directly by inducing VEGF resistance in vascular endothelial cells. Notably, selenoprotein P impairs health-promoting effects of exercise by inhibiting ROS/AMPK/PGC-1α pathway in the skeletal muscle through its receptor LRP1. Overproduction of LECT2, previously reported as a neutrophil chemotactic protein, links obesity to insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle. Further studies would develop novel diagnostic or therapeutic procedures targeting hepatokines to combat over-nutrition-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Misu
- 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641 Japan.,2PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama Japan
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Tatmatsu-Rocha JC, Tim CR, Avo L, Bernardes-Filho R, Brassolatti P, Kido HW, Hamblin MR, Parizotto NA. Mitochondrial dynamics (fission and fusion) and collagen production in a rat model of diabetic wound healing treated by photobiomodulation: comparison of 904 nm laser and 850 nm light-emitting diode (LED). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 187:41-47. [PMID: 30098521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with the development of diabetes mellitus which is characterized by disorders of collagen production and impaired wound healing. This study analyzed the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) mediated by laser and light-emitting diode (LED) on the production and organization of collagen fibers in an excisional wound in an animal model of diabetes, and the correlation with inflammation and mitochondrial dynamics. METHODS Twenty Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups of 5 animals. Groups: (SHAM) a control non-diabetic wounded group with no treatment; (DC) a diabetic wounded group with no treatment; (DLASER) a diabetic wounded group irradiated by 904 nm pulsed laser (40 mW, 9500 Hz, 1 min, 2.4 J); (DLED) a diabetic wounded group irradiated by continuous wave LED 850 nm (48 mW, 22 s, 1.0 J). Diabetes was induced by injection with streptozotocin (70 mg/kg). PBM was carried out daily for 5 days followed by sacrifice and tissue removal. RESULTS Collagen fibers in diabetic wounded skin were increased by DLASER but not by DLED. Both groups showed increased blood vessels by atomic force microscopy. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was higher and cyclooxygenase (COX2) was lower in the DLED group. Mitochondrial fusion was higher and mitochondrial fusion was lower in DLED compared to DLASER. CONCLUSION Differences observed between DLASER and DLED may be due to the pulsed laser and CW LED, and to the higher dose of laser. Regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis may be an important mechanism for PBM effects in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Roberta Tim
- Brasil University, Postgraduate program in Biomedical Engineering, Brazil
| | - Lucimar Avo
- Medicine Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Guo M, Shi JH, Wang PL, Shi DZ. Angiogenic Growth Factors for Coronary Artery Disease: Current Status and Prospects. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2017; 23:130-141. [PMID: 29025278 DOI: 10.1177/1074248417735399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guo
- China Heart Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-He Shi
- Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pei-Li Wang
- China Heart Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Da-Zhuo Shi
- China Heart Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Potz BA, Scrimgeour LA, Feng J, Sellke FW. Diabetes and Cardioplegia. JOURNAL OF NATURE AND SCIENCE 2017; 3:e394. [PMID: 28758150 PMCID: PMC5533287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic arrest is associated with injury to the vasculature and microcirculation leading to coronary microvascular dysfunction, permeability changes and cardiac dysfunction. In the setting of cardiopulmonary bypass with cardioplegia, poorly-controlled diabetes is associated with significant changes in endothelium-dependent and independent vascular dysfunction, vascular reactivity, vascular permeability, protein expression, cell death, coronary/peripheral microcirculation and reduced vasomotor tone leading to hypotension and impaired endothelial function. The gene expression profiles after cardiopulmonary bypass with cardioplegic arrest is quantitatively and qualitatively different in patients with diabetes. Gene expression profiling capitalizing on the differences between patients with and without diabetes is a good place to identify potential medical targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A. Potz
- Alpert Warren Medical School of Brown University, 2 Dudley Street, MOC 360, Providence, RI 02905, USA
| | - Laura A. Scrimgeour
- Alpert Warren Medical School of Brown University, 2 Dudley Street, MOC 360, Providence, RI 02905, USA
| | - Jun Feng
- Alpert Warren Medical School of Brown University, 2 Dudley Street, MOC 360, Providence, RI 02905, USA
| | - Frank W. Sellke
- Alpert Warren Medical School of Brown University, 2 Dudley Street, MOC 360, Providence, RI 02905, USA
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12
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Potz BA, Sabe AA, Elmadhun NY, Sabe SA, Braun BJV, Clements RT, Usheva A, Sellke FW. Calpain inhibition decreases inflammatory protein expression in vessel walls in a model of chronic myocardial ischemia. Surgery 2016; 161:1394-1404. [PMID: 28024857 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging data suggest a link between calpain activation and the enhanced inflammatory response of the cardiovascular system. We hypothesize that calpain activation associates with altered inflammatory protein expression in correlation with the proinflammatory profile of the myocardium. Our pig hypercholesterolemic model with chronic myocardial ischemia was treated with calpain inhibitors to establish their potential to improve cardiac function. METHODS Yorkshire swine, fed a high cholesterol diet for 4 weeks then underwent placement of an ameroid constrictor on the left circumflex artery. Two weeks later, animals received either no drug (high-cholesterol control group, n = 8), a low dose of calpain inhibitors (0.12 mg/kg, n = 9), or a high dose of calpain inhibitors (0.25 mg/kg; n = 8). The high-cholesterol diet and calpain inhibitors were continued for 5 weeks, after which the pig was euthanized. The left ventricular myocardial tissue (ischemic and nonischemic) was harvested and analyzed for inflammatory protein expression. Data were statistically analyzed via the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn post hoc test. RESULTS Calpain inhibitor treatment coincides with increased expression of IKB-α and decreased expression of macrophages, NFkB, IL-1, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the ischemic myocardial tissue as compared with the control group. An NFkB array revealed decreased expression of IRF5, JNK1/2, JNK2, CD18, NFkB p65, c-Rel, Sharpin, TNF R1, TNF R2, and DR5 in the ischemic myocardium of the group treated with a high dose of calpain inhibitors compared with the control. CONCLUSION Calpain activation in metabolic syndrome is a potential contributor to cardiac dysfunction in metabolic disorders with ischemic background. We suggest that calpain inhibition downregulates NFkB signaling in the vessel walls, which might be useful for improving myocardial blood flow in ischemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Potz
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Ashraf A Sabe
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Nassrene Y Elmadhun
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Sharif A Sabe
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Benedikt J V Braun
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Richard T Clements
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Anny Usheva
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.
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13
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Potz BA, Sabe AA, Elmadhun NY, Clements RT, Robich MP, Sodha NR, Sellke FW. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Inhibition Improves Myocardial Angiogenesis and Perfusion in a Swine Model of Metabolic Syndrome. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.116.003694. [PMID: 27405812 PMCID: PMC5015402 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) has been reported to be cardioprotective during stressful conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS Pigs were fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks to develop metabolic syndrome, then underwent placement of an ameroid constrictor to their left circumflex artery to induce chronic myocardial ischemia. Two weeks later, animals received either: no drug (high cholesterol control group [HCC]) or a GSK-3β inhibitor (GSK-3β inhibited group [GSK-3βI]), which were continued for 5 weeks, followed by myocardial tissue harvest. Coronary blood flow and vessel density were significantly increased in the GSK-3βI group compared to the HCC group. Expression levels of the following proteins were greater in the GSK-3βI group compared to the HCC group: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 , vascular endothelial cadherin, γ-catenin, β-catenin, protein kinase B, phosphorylated forkhead box O1, and superoxide dismutase 2. CONCLUSIONS In the setting of metabolic syndrome, inhibition of GSK-3β increases blood flow and vessel density in chronically ischemic myocardium. We identified several angiogenic, cell survival, and differentiation pathways that include β-catenin signaling and AKT/FOXO1, through which GSK-3β appears to improve vessel density and blood flow. These results may provide a potential mechanism for medical therapy of patients suffering from coronary artery disease and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Potz
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Ashraf A Sabe
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Nassrene Y Elmadhun
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Richard T Clements
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Michael P Robich
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Neel R Sodha
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stimulation of coronary collateral vessel growth by therapeutic angiogenesis (TA) offers an alternative treatment option for patients with refractory angina. Several TA modalities, including delivery to the heart of angiogenic growth factors (proteins or genes) and cells have been tested in clinical trials in the past two decades, but so far none of them resulted in significant therapeutic efficacy in large scale studies. This review attempts to identify the main obstacles hindering clinical success and recommends measures to overcome them in the future. AREAS COVERED After stating the medical need and rational for TA, and listing and briefly discussing past and current TA clinical trials, three main areas of obstacles are described: conceptual questions, technical limitations and clinical design uncertainties. Based on scientific and technical advances and lessons learned in past clinical trials, potential solutions to overcome some of these obstacles are proposed. EXPERT OPINION Several success criteria are identified, which apply to any TA approach of choice. It is emphasized, that each of these criteria needs to be met in future clinical trials to have a chance of therapeutic success.
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Abstract
Despite many advances in percutaneous and surgical interventions in the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), up to one-third of patients are still either not candidates or receive suboptimal revascularization. Calpains are a class of calcium-activated non-lysosomal cysteine proteases that serve as a proteolytic unit for cellular homeostasis. Uncontrolled activation of calpain has been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of myocardial reperfusion injury, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial stunning and cardiac ischemia. Inhibition of calpains has been shown to significantly attenuate myocardial stunning and reduced infarct size after ischemia-reperfusion. Calpain inhibition therefore serves as a potential medical therapy for patients suffering from a number of diseases, including CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Potz
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School Brown University
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Xiao Q, Yang YA, Zhao XY, He LS, Qin Y, He YH, Zhang GP, Luo JD. Oxidative stress contributes to the impaired sonic hedgehog pathway in type 1 diabetic mice with myocardial infarction. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1750-1758. [PMID: 26640546 PMCID: PMC4665878 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that an impaired sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway contributed to cardiac dysfunction in type 1 diabetic mice with myocardial infarction (MI). The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that oxidative stress may contribute to the impaired Shh pathway and cardiac dysfunction in type 1 diabetic mice with MI. Streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice (C57/Bl6, male) and rat neonatal cardiomyocytes were used in the present study. Mice were randomly assigned to undergo ligation of the coronary artery or pseudosurgery. A potent antioxidant Tempol was administered in vivo and in vitro. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography, capillary density by immunohistochemisty, percentage of myocardial infarct using Massons trichrome staining, reactive oxygen species detection using dihydroethidium dye or 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate probe and protein expression levels of the Shh pathway by western blot analysis. The antioxidant Tempol was shown to significantly increase myocardial protein expression levels of Shh and patched-1 (Ptc1) at 7–18 weeks and improved cardiac function at 18 weeks in type 1 diabetic mice, as compared with mice receiving no drug treatment. Furthermore, myocardial protein expression levels of Shh and Ptc1 were significantly upregulated on day 7 after MI, and capillary density was enhanced. In addition, the percentage area of myocardial infarct was reduced, and the cardiac dysfunction and survival rate were improved on day 21 in diabetic mice treated with Tempol. In vitro, treatment of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes with a mixture of xanthine oxidase and xanthine decreased protein expression levels of Shh and Ptc1 in a concentration-dependent manner, and Tempol attenuated this effect. These results indicate that oxidative stress may contribute to an impaired Shh pathway in type 1 diabetic mice, leading to diminished myocardial healing and cardiac dysfunction. Antioxidative strategies aimed at restoring the endogenous Shh pathway may offer a useful means for improving diabetic cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, P.R. China ; Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China
| | - Y A Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ya Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, P.R. China
| | - Li-Shan He
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Qin
- Guangzhou Research Institute of Snake Venom, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hua He
- Guangzhou Research Institute of Snake Venom, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Dong Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, P.R. China ; Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China
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El-Sayyad HIH, Elmansi AA, Bakr EHM. Hypercholesterolemia-induced ocular disorder: Ameliorating role of phytotherapy. Nutrition 2015; 31:1307-16. [PMID: 26429651 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The ocular region is a complex structure that allows conscious light perception and vision. It is of ecto-mesodermal origin. Cholesterol and polyunsaturated fatty acids are involved in retinal cell function; however, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes impair its function. Retinal damage, neovascularization, and cataracts are the main complications of cholesterol overload. Dietary supplementation of selected plant products can lead to the scavenging of free reactive oxygen species, thereby protecting the ocular regions from the damage of hypercholesterolemia. This review illustrates the dramatic effects of increased cholesterol levels on the ocular regions. The effect of phytotherapy is discussed in relation to the different regions of the eye, including the retina, cornea, and lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan I H El-Sayyad
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Elmansi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman H M Bakr
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Potz BA, Sabe AA, Elmadhun NY, Feng J, Liu Y, Mitchell H, Quesenberry P, Abid MR, Sellke FW. Calpain inhibition decreases myocardial apoptosis in a swine model of chronic myocardial ischemia. Surgery 2015; 158:445-52. [PMID: 25991048 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Calpain is a family of cysteine proteases that has an important role in the initiation, regulation, and execution of cell death. Our recent studies using a hypercholesterolemic swine model demonstrated that in the setting of the metabolic syndrome, calpain inhibition (CI) improved collateral-dependent perfusion and increased expression of proteins implicated in angiogenesis and vasodilation. In this study, we hypothesized that CI (by MLD28170) would decrease myocardial apoptosis in the same model. METHODS Yorkshire swine, all fed a high-cholesterol diet for 4 weeks underwent placement of an ameroid constrictor on the left circumflex coronary artery. Three weeks later, animals received either no drug, termed the high-cholesterol control group (HCC; n = 8); low-dose CI (0.12 mg/kg; LCI, n = 9); or high-dose CI (0.25 mg/kg; HCI, n = 8). The high-cholesterol diet and the CI were continued for 5 weeks, after which the pig was humanely killed and the left ventricular myocardium was harvested and analyzed via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, oxyblot analysis, and Western blots. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS The percentage of apoptotic cells to total cells in ischemic myocardial territory was decreased in the LCI and HCI groups compared with the HCC group as shown by TUNEL staining (P = .018). There was a decrease in proapoptotic proteins, including cleaved caspase 3, caspase 9, cleaved caspase 9, Bax, BAD, p-BAD, and Erk 1/2 (P ≤ .049 each), but no decrease in caspase 3 (P = .737). There was also an increase in antiapoptotic proteins, including BCL-2 and p-BCL2 (P ≤ .025 each). In the ischemic myocardium, several proangiogenic proteins were increased in the LCI and HCI groups compared with the HCC group, including p-AKT, p-eNOS, and eNOS (P ≤ .006 each) but there was no increase in AKT (P = .311). CI decreased tissue oxidative stress in both the LCI and HCI groups compared to the HCC group as shown by oxyblot analysis (P = .021). CONCLUSION In the setting of hypercholesterolemia, CI decreases apoptosis and the expression of proteins in proapoptotic signaling pathways. CI also increased expression of proteins implicated in anti apoptotic pathways and improves oxidative stress in ischemic myocardial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Potz
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Ashraf A Sabe
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Nassrene Y Elmadhun
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Jun Feng
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Hunter Mitchell
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Peter Quesenberry
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - M Ruhul Abid
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.
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Abdelsaid M, Prakash R, Li W, Coucha M, Hafez S, Johnson MH, Fagan SC, Ergul A. Metformin treatment in the period after stroke prevents nitrative stress and restores angiogenic signaling in the brain in diabetes. Diabetes 2015; 64:1804-17. [PMID: 25524911 PMCID: PMC4407857 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes impedes vascular repair and causes vasoregression in the brain after stroke, but mechanisms underlying this response are still unclear. We hypothesized that excess peroxynitrite formation in diabetic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury inactivates the p85 subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) by nitration and diverts the PI3K-Akt survival signal to the p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase apoptosis pathway. Nitrotyrosine (NY), Akt and p38 activity, p85 nitration, and caspase-3 cleavage were measured in brains from control, diabetic (GK), or metformin-treated GK rats subjected to sham or stroke surgery and in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) from Wistar and GK rats subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. GK rat brains showed increased NY, caspase-3 cleavage, and p38 activation and decreased Akt activation. Metformin attenuated stroke-induced nitrative signaling in GK rats. GK rat BMVECs showed increased basal nitrative stress compared with controls. A second hit by hypoxia/reoxygenation injury dramatically increased the nitration of p85 and activation of p38 but decreased Akt. These effects were associated with impairment of angiogenic response and were restored by treatment with the peroxynitrite scavenger 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrinato iron III chloride or the nitration inhibitor epicatechin. Our results provide evidence that I/R-induced peroxynitrite inhibits survival, induces apoptosis, and promotes peroxynitrite as a novel therapeutic target for the improvement of reparative angiogenesis after stroke in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdelsaid
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Administration Medical Center, Augusta, GA Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA
| | - Roshini Prakash
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA
| | - Weiguo Li
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Administration Medical Center, Augusta, GA Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA
| | - Maha Coucha
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA
| | - Sherif Hafez
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Administration Medical Center, Augusta, GA Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA
| | | | - Susan C Fagan
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Administration Medical Center, Augusta, GA Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA
| | - Adviye Ergul
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Administration Medical Center, Augusta, GA Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA
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Mhaidat NM, Abu-zaiton AS, Alzoubi KH, Alzoubi W, Alazab RS. Antihyperglycemic Properties of Foeniculum vulgare Extract in Streptozocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2015.72.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ishikura K, Misu H, Kumazaki M, Takayama H, Matsuzawa-Nagata N, Tajima N, Chikamoto K, Lan F, Ando H, Ota T, Sakurai M, Takeshita Y, Kato K, Fujimura A, Miyamoto KI, Saito Y, Kameo S, Okamoto Y, Takuwa Y, Takahashi K, Kidoya H, Takakura N, Kaneko S, Takamura T. Selenoprotein P as a diabetes-associated hepatokine that impairs angiogenesis by inducing VEGF resistance in vascular endothelial cells. Diabetologia 2014; 57:1968-76. [PMID: 24989996 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Impaired angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) resistance is a hallmark of vascular complications in type 2 diabetes; however, its molecular mechanism is not fully understood. We have previously identified selenoprotein P (SeP, encoded by the SEPP1 gene in humans) as a liver-derived secretory protein that induces insulin resistance. Levels of serum SeP and hepatic expression of SEPP1 are elevated in type 2 diabetes. Here, we investigated the effects of SeP on VEGF signalling and angiogenesis. METHODS We assessed the action of glucose on Sepp1 expression in cultured hepatocytes. We examined the actions of SeP on VEGF signalling and VEGF-induced angiogenesis in HUVECs. We assessed wound healing in mice with hepatic SeP overexpression or SeP deletion. The blood flow recovery after ischaemia was also examined by using hindlimb ischaemia model with Sepp1-heterozygous-knockout mice. RESULTS Treatment with glucose increased gene expression and transcriptional activity for Sepp1 in H4IIEC hepatocytes. Physiological concentrations of SeP inhibited VEGF-stimulated cell proliferation, tubule formation and migration in HUVECs. SeP suppressed VEGF-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in HUVECs. Wound closure was impaired in the mice overexpressing Sepp1, whereas it was improved in SeP (-/-)mice. SeP (+/-)mice showed an increase in blood flow recovery and vascular endothelial cells after hindlimb ischaemia. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The hepatokine SeP may be a novel therapeutic target for impaired angiogenesis in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Ishikura
- Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
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Gonzalez-Quesada C, Cavalera M, Biernacka A, Kong P, Lee DW, Saxena A, Frunza O, Dobaczewski M, Shinde A, Frangogiannis NG. Thrombospondin-1 induction in the diabetic myocardium stabilizes the cardiac matrix in addition to promoting vascular rarefaction through angiopoietin-2 upregulation. Circ Res 2013; 113:1331-44. [PMID: 24081879 PMCID: PMC4408537 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.302593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Diabetes mellitus is associated with cardiac fibrosis. Matricellular proteins are induced in fibrotic conditions and modulate fibrogenic and angiogenic responses by regulating growth factor signaling. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to test the hypothesis that the prototypical matricellular protein thrombospondin (TSP)-1, a potent angiostatic molecule and crucial activator of transforming growth factor-β, may play a key role in remodeling of the diabetic heart. METHODS AND RESULTS Obese diabetic db/db mice exhibited marked myocardial TSP-1 upregulation in the interstitial and perivascular space. To study the role of TSP-1 in remodeling of the diabetic heart, we generated and characterized db/db TSP-1(-/-) (dbTSP) mice. TSP-1 disruption did not significantly affect weight gain and metabolic function in db/db animals. When compared with db/db animals, dbTSP mice had increased left ventricular dilation associated with mild nonprogressive systolic dysfunction. Chamber dilation in dbTSP mice was associated with decreased myocardial collagen content and accentuated matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 activity. TSP-1 disruption did not affect inflammatory gene expression and activation of transforming growth factor-β/small mothers against decapendaplegic signaling in the db/db myocardium. In cardiac fibroblasts populating collagen pads, TSP-1 incorporation into the matrix did not activate transforming growth factor-β responses, but inhibited leptin-induced matrix metalloproteinase-2 activation. TSP-1 disruption abrogated age-associated capillary rarefaction in db/db mice, attenuating myocardial upregulation of angiopoietin-2, a mediator that induces vascular regression. In vitro, TSP-1 stimulation increased macrophage, but not endothelial cell, angiopoietin-2 synthesis. CONCLUSIONS TSP-1 upregulation in the diabetic heart prevents chamber dilation by exerting matrix-preserving actions on cardiac fibroblasts and mediates capillary rarefaction through effects that may involve angiopoietin-2 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gonzalez-Quesada
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Michele Cavalera
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
| | - Anna Biernacka
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ping Kong
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
| | - Dong-Wook Lee
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
| | - Amit Saxena
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
| | - Olga Frunza
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
| | - Marcin Dobaczewski
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Arti Shinde
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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Cannata A, Petrella D, Russo CF, Bruschi G, Fratto P, Gambacorta M, Martinelli L. Postsurgical Intrapericardial Adhesions: Mechanisms of Formation and Prevention. Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 95:1818-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mechanistic, technical, and clinical perspectives in therapeutic stimulation of coronary collateral development by angiogenic growth factors. Mol Ther 2013; 21:725-38. [PMID: 23403495 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of collateral vessel development in the heart by angiogenic growth factor therapy has been tested in animals and humans for almost two decades. Discordance between the outcome of preclinical studies and clinical trials pointed to the difficulties of translation from animal models to patients. Lessons learned in this process identified specific mechanistic, technical, and clinical hurdles, which need to be overcome. This review summarizes current understanding of the mechanisms leading to the establishment of a functional coronary collateral network and the biological processes growth factor therapies should stimulate even under conditions of impaired natural adaptive vascular response. Vector delivery methods are recommended to maximize angiogenic gene therapy efficiency and reduce side effects. Optimization of clinical trial design should include the choice of clinical end points which provide mechanistic proof-of-concept and also reflect clinical benefits (e.g., surrogates to assess increased collateral flow reserve, such as myocardial perfusion imaging). Guidelines are proposed to select patients who may respond to the therapy with high(er) probability. Both short and longer term strategies are outlined which may help to make therapeutic angiogenesis (TA) work in the future.
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Dragneva G, Korpisalo P, Ylä-Herttuala S. Promoting blood vessel growth in ischemic diseases: challenges in translating preclinical potential into clinical success. Dis Model Mech 2013; 6:312-22. [PMID: 23471910 PMCID: PMC3597014 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.010413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenic therapy, which involves the use of an exogenous stimulus to promote blood vessel growth, is an attractive approach for the treatment of ischemic diseases. It has been shown in animal models that the stimulation of blood vessel growth leads to the growth of the whole vascular tree, improvement of ischemic tissue perfusion and improved muscle aerobic energy metabolism. However, very few positive results have been gained from Phase 2 and 3 clinical angiogenesis trials. Many reasons have been given for the failures of clinical trials, including poor transgene expression (in gene-therapy trials) and instability of the vessels induced by therapy. In this Review, we discuss the selection of preclinical models as one of the main reasons why clinical translation has been unsuccessful thus far. This issue has received little attention, but could have had dramatic implications on the expectations of clinical trials. We highlight crucial differences between human patients and animal models with regards to blood flow and pressure, as well as issues concerning the chronic nature of ischemic diseases in humans. We use these as examples to demonstrate why the results from preclinical trials might have overestimated the efficacy of angiogenic therapies developed to date. We also suggest ways in which currently available animal models of ischemic disease could be improved to better mimic human disease conditions, and offer advice on how to work with existing models to avoid overestimating the efficacy of new angiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Dragneva
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Elshaer SL, Abdelsaid MA, Al-Azayzih A, Kumar P, Matragoon S, Nussbaum JJ, El-Remessy AB. Pronerve growth factor induces angiogenesis via activation of TrkA: possible role in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:432659. [PMID: 23998130 PMCID: PMC3753742 DOI: 10.1155/2013/432659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is the leading cause of blindness in working age Americans. We demonstrated that diabetes disturbs the homeostasis of nerve growth factor (NGF) resulting in accumulation of its precursor proNGF. Increases in proNGF were positively correlated with progression of diabetic retinopathy, having the highest level in ocular fluids from PDR patients compared to nondiabetic patients. Here, we attempted to evaluate the contribution and the possible mechanism of proNGF to PDR. The angiogenic response of aqueous humor samples from PDR patients was examined in human retinal endothelial cells in the presence or absence of anti-proNGF antibody. Additional cultures were treated with mutant-proNGF in the presence of specific pharmacological inhibitors of TrkA and p75(NTR) receptors. PDR-aqueous humor samples exerted significant angiogenic response including cell proliferation, migration, and alignment into tube-like structures. These effects were significantly reduced by anti-proNGF antibody but not by IgG. Treatment of retinal endothelial cells with mutant-proNGF activated phosphorylation of TrkA and p38MAPK; however, it did not alter p75(NTR) expression. Inhibition of TrkA but not p75(NTR) significantly reduced mutant-proNGF-induced cell proliferation, cell migration, and tube formation. Taken together, these results provide evidence that proNGF can contribute to PDR at least in part via activation of TrkA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally L. Elshaer
- Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia, 1120 15th Street HM-1200, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Reagents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mohammed A. Abdelsaid
- Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia, 1120 15th Street HM-1200, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Reagents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Reagents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | - Ahmad Al-Azayzih
- Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia, 1120 15th Street HM-1200, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Parag Kumar
- Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia, 1120 15th Street HM-1200, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Pharmacy Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Suraporn Matragoon
- Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia, 1120 15th Street HM-1200, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Reagents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Julian J. Nussbaum
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Reagents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Azza B. El-Remessy
- Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia, 1120 15th Street HM-1200, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Reagents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- *Azza B. El-Remessy:
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Pulpal and periodontal diseases increase triglyceride levels in diabetic rats. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17:1595-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0853-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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El-Sayyad HI, Al-Haggar MS, El-Ghawet HA, Bakr IH. Cardiomyopathy and angiogenesis defects of Wistar rat fetuses of diabetic and hypercholesterolemic mothers. Nutrition 2012; 28:e33-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
Aging is a dominant risk factor for most forms of cardiovascular disease. Impaired angiogenesis and endothelial dysfunction likely contribute to the increased prevalence of both cardiovascular diseases and their adverse sequelae in the elderly. Angiogenesis is both an essential adaptive response to physiological stress and an endogenous repair mechanism after ischemic injury. In addition, induction of angiogenesis is a promising therapeutic approach for ischemic diseases. For these reasons, understanding the basis of age-related impairment of angiogenesis and endothelial function has important implications for understanding and managing cardiovascular disease. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that contribute to impaired angiogenesis in the elderly and potential therapeutic approaches to improving vascular function and angiogenesis in aging patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Lähteenvuo
- Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Abstract
The term angiogenesis describes the growth of endothelial sprouts from preexisting postcapillary venules. More recently, this term has been used to generally indicate the growth and remodeling process of the primitive vascular network into a complex network during development. In adulthood, angiogenesis is activated as a reparative process during wound healing and following ischemia, and it plays a key role in tumor growth and metastasis as well as in inflammatory diseases and diabetic retinopathy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small, noncoding RNAs that negatively control gene expression of target mRNAs. In this paper, we aim at describing the role of miRNAs in postischemic angiogenesis. First, we will describe the regulation and the expression of miRNAs in endothelial cells. Then, we will analyze the role of miRNAs in postischemic vascular repair. Finally, we will discuss the role of circulating miRNAs as potential biomarkers in ischemic diseases.
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Robich MP, Chu LM, Oyamada S, Sodha NR, Sellke FW. Myocardial therapeutic angiogenesis: a review of the state of development and future obstacles. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2012; 9:1469-79. [PMID: 22059795 DOI: 10.1586/erc.11.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A significant percentage of patients have coronary artery disease that is too advanced or diffuse for percutaneous or surgical intervention. Therapeutic angiogenesis is a treatment modality to induce vessel formation that is being developed for patients with advanced coronary disease not amenable to currently available interventions. A number of approaches to induce coronary collateralization are being developed. These include gene, protein, cellular and miRNA modalities, each of which have advantages and disadvantages. At this time, no modality has emerged as the single clear choice, and combination therapies may provide synergistic benefits. However, there have been a number of recent studies advancing our knowledge as to how we can refine procollateralizing treatments. In this article, we will examine some recent successes and future obstacles in the effort to bring therapeutic angiogenesis to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Robich
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA
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Lassaletta AD, Chu LM, Sellke FW. Effects of alcohol on pericardial adhesion formation in hypercholesterolemic swine. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 143:953-9. [PMID: 22244558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2011.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reoperative cardiac surgery is complicated in part because of extensive adhesions encountered during the second operation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of alcohol with and without resveratrol (red wine vs vodka) on postoperative pericardial adhesion formation in a porcine model of hypercholesterolemia and chronic myocardial ischemia. METHODS Male Yorkshire swine were fed a high-cholesterol diet to simulate conditions of coronary artery disease followed by surgical placement of an ameroid constrictor to induce chronic ischemia. Postoperatively, control pigs continued their high-cholesterol diet alone, whereas the 2 experimental groups had diets supplemented with red wine or vodka. Seven weeks after ameroid placement, all animals underwent reoperative sternotomy. RESULTS Compared with controls, pericardial adhesion grade was markedly reduced in the vodka group, whereas there was no difference in the wine group. Intramyocardial fibrosis was significantly reduced in the vodka group compared with controls. There was no difference in expression of proteins involved in focal adhesion formation between any groups (focal adhesion kinase, integrin alpha-5, integrin beta-1, paxillin, vinculin, protein tyrosine kinase 2, protein kinase C ε, and phosphorylated protein kinase C ε). The wine group exhibited elevated C-reactive protein levels versus the control and vodka groups. CONCLUSIONS Postoperative vodka consumption markedly reduced the formation of pericardial adhesions and intramyocardial fibrosis, whereas red wine had no effect. Analysis of protein expression did not reveal any obvious explanation for this phenomenon, suggesting a post-translational effect of alcohol on fibrous tissue deposition. The difference in adhesion formation in the vodka versus wine groups may be due to increased inflammation in the wine group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio D Lassaletta
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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35
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Therapeutic neovascularization for coronary disease: current state and future prospects. Basic Res Cardiol 2011; 106:897-909. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-011-0200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Hoang MV, Nagy JA, Fox JEB, Senger DR. Moderation of calpain activity promotes neovascular integration and lumen formation during VEGF-induced pathological angiogenesis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13612. [PMID: 21049044 PMCID: PMC2963609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Successful neovascularization requires that sprouting endothelial cells (ECs) integrate to form new vascular networks. However, architecturally defective, poorly integrated vessels with blind ends are typical of pathological angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF), thereby limiting the utility of VEGF for therapeutic angiogenesis and aggravating ischemia-related pathologies. Here we investigated the possibility that over-exuberant calpain activity is responsible for aberrant VEGF neovessel architecture and integration. Calpains are a family of intracellular calcium-dependent, non-lysosomal cysteine proteases that regulate cellular functions through proteolysis of numerous substrates. Methodology/Principal Findings In a mouse skin model of VEGF-driven angiogenesis, retroviral transduction with dominant-negative (DN) calpain-I promoted neovessel integration and lumen formation, reduced blind ends, and improved vascular perfusion. Moderate doses of calpain inhibitor-I improved VEGF-driven angiogenesis similarly to DN calpain-I. Conversely, retroviral transduction with wild-type (WT) calpain-I abolished neovessel integration and lumen formation. In vitro, moderate suppression of calpain activity with DN calpain-I or calpain inhibitor-I increased the microtubule-stabilizing protein tau in endothelial cells (ECs), increased the average length of microtubules, increased actin cable length, and increased the interconnectivity of vascular cords. Conversely, WT calpain-I diminished tau, collapsed microtubules, disrupted actin cables, and inhibited integration of cord networks. Consistent with the critical importance of microtubules for vascular network integration, the microtubule-stabilizing agent taxol supported vascular cord integration whereas microtubule dissolution with nocodazole collapsed cord networks. Conclusions/Significance These findings implicate VEGF-induction of calpain activity and impairment of cytoskeletal dynamics in the failure of VEGF-induced neovessels to form and integrate properly. Accordingly, calpain represents an important target for rectifying key vascular defects associated with pathological angiogenesis and for improving therapeutic angiogenesis with VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mien V Hoang
- Department of Pathology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Mac Gabhann F, Annex BH, Popel AS. Gene therapy from the perspective of systems biology. CURRENT OPINION IN MOLECULAR THERAPEUTICS 2010; 12:570-7. [PMID: 20886389 PMCID: PMC3021921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy research has expanded from its original concept of replacing absent or defective DNA with functional DNA to include the manipulation (increase or decrease) of gene expression by the delivery of modified genes, siRNA or other genetic material via multiple vectors, including naked plasmid DNA, viruses and even cells. Specific tissues or cell types are targeted in order to decrease the risks of systemic or side effects. As with the development of any drug, there is an amount of empiricism in the choice of gene target, route of administration, dosing and, in particular, the scaling-up from preclinical models to clinical trials. High-throughput experimental and computational systems biology studies that account for the complexities of host-disease-therapy interactions hold significant promise in assisting in the development and optimization of gene therapies, including personalized therapies and the identification of biomarkers to evaluate the success of such strategies. This review describes some of the obstacles and successes in gene therapy, using the specific example of growth factor gene delivery to promote angiogenesis and blood vessel remodeling in ischemic diseases; anti-angiogenic gene therapy in cancer is also discussed. In addition, the opportunities for systems biology and in silico modeling to improve on current outcomes are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilim Mac Gabhann
- Institute for Computational Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Brian H. Annex
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 800158, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA
| | - Aleksander S. Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave., Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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Robich MP, Osipov RM, Chu LM, Feng J, Burgess TA, Oyamada S, Clements RT, Laham RJ, Sellke FW. Temporal and spatial changes in collateral formation and function during chronic myocardial ischemia. J Am Coll Surg 2010; 211:470-80. [PMID: 20729101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2010.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated time dependence and spatial progression of cardiac function and angiogenesis signaling in a porcine model of chronic myocardial ischemia. STUDY DESIGN Yorkshire mini-swine (n = 7/group) were subjected to chronic myocardial ischemia by placing an ameroid constrictor on the left circumflex coronary artery under general anesthesia. Swine were sacrificed after either 4 or 7 weeks of ischemia. Myocardial function, angiographic evidence of angiogenesis, microvessel function, molecular signaling, and levels of apoptosis and oxidative stress were assessed. RESULTS Flow reserve was significantly increased at 7 versus 4 weeks. Myocardial function (+dP/dt) improved 1.5-fold by 7 weeks. In the ischemic territory, microvessels at 4 weeks displayed abnormal contraction responses to serotonin, which diminished at 7 weeks. Delta-like ligand 4 protein expression decreased at 7 weeks; expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and phospho-endothelial nitric acid synthase (eNOS) increased. The number of apoptotic cells was decreased at 7 weeks, and antiapoptotic markers heat shock protein (HSP) 27 and HSP 90 were upregulated at 7 weeks. There was an increase in proliferating endothelial cells at 7 weeks as compared with 4 weeks. In the adjacent normal ventricle, microvessels demonstrated smaller contraction responses to endothelin-1 and serotonin at 7 weeks. There was an increase in protein peroxidation in the ischemic territory at 7 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Over time, myocardial perfusion, function, and angiogenic signaling improved in the ischemic myocardium and adjacent normal territory compared with what is observed shortly after coronary occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Robich
- Department of Surgery, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Granger DN, Rodrigues SF, Yildirim A, Senchenkova EY. Microvascular responses to cardiovascular risk factors. Microcirculation 2010; 17:192-205. [PMID: 20374483 DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2009.00015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and obesity are among a growing list of conditions that have been designated as major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). While CVD risk factors are well known to enhance the development of atherosclerotic lesions in large arteries, there is also evidence that the structure and function of microscopic blood vessels can be profoundly altered by these conditions. The diverse responses of the microvasculature to CVD risk factors include oxidative stress, enhanced leukocyte- and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion, impaired endothelial barrier function, altered capillary proliferation, enhanced thrombosis, and vasomotor dysfunction. Emerging evidence indicates that a low-grade systemic inflammatory response that results from risk factor-induced cell activation and cell-cell interactions may underlie the phenotypic changes induced by risk factor exposure. A consequence of the altered microvascular phenotype and systemic inflammatory response is an enhanced vulnerability of tissues to the deleterious effects of secondary oxidative and inflammatory stresses, such as ischemia and reperfusion. Future efforts to develop therapies that prevent the harmful effects of risk factor-induced inflammation should focus on the microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Neil Granger
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA.
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40
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Abstract
Cardiac gene and cell therapy have both entered clinical trials aimed at ameliorating ventricular dysfunction in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. The transduction of myocardial cells with viral constructs encoding a specific cardiomyocyte Ca(2+) pump in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), SRCa(2+)-ATPase has been shown to correct deficient Ca(2+) handling in cardiomyocytes and improvements in contractility in preclinical studies, thus leading to the first clinical trial of gene therapy for heart failure. In cell therapy, it is not clear whether beneficial effects are cell-type specific and how improvements in contractility are brought about. Despite these uncertainties, a number of clinical trials are under way, supported by safety and efficacy data from trials of cell therapy in the setting of myocardial infarction. Safety concerns for gene therapy center on inflammatory and immune responses triggered by viral constructs, and for cell therapy with myoblast cells, the major concern is increased incidence of ventricular arrhythmia after cell transplantation. Principles and mechanisms of action of gene and cell therapy for heart failure are discussed, together with the potential influence of reactive oxygen species on the efficacy of these treatments and the status of myocardial-delivery techniques for viral constructs and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebo D de Muinck
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA.
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