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Dong X, Deng Y, Chen G. Selenium intake in relation to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A nationwide study in nutrition. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303140. [PMID: 38768120 PMCID: PMC11104653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Limited evidence exists regarding the association of selenium with risk of death in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study was designed to investigate the relationship between dietary selenium intake with mortality in a nationally representative sample of United States adults with NAFLD. METHODS Dietary selenium intake was assessed in 2274 NAFLD adults younger than 60 years of age from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III through a 24-hour dietary recall. NAFLD was diagnosed by liver ultrasound after excluding liver disease due to other causes. Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to assess the effect of dietary selenium intake on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with NAFLD. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 27.4 years, 577 deaths occurred in individuals with NAFLD, including 152 cardiovascular deaths. The U-shaped associations were discovered between selenium intake with all-cause (Pnolinear = 0.008) and cardiovascular mortality (Pnolinear < 0.001) in adults with NAFLD after multivariate adjustment, with the lowest risk around selenium intake of 121.7 or 125.9 μg/day, respectively. Selenium intake in the range of 104.1-142.4 μg/day was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality and, otherwise, an increased risk. Selenium intake in the range of 104.1-150.6 μg/day was associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular death and, otherwise, an increased risk. CONCLUSIONS Both high and low selenium intake increased the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death in adults younger than 60 years of age with NAFLD, which may help guide dietary adjustments and improve outcomes in adults with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunchao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Tyczyńska M, Hunek G, Szczasny M, Brachet A, Januszewski J, Forma A, Portincasa P, Flieger J, Baj J. Supplementation of Micro- and Macronutrients-A Role of Nutritional Status in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4916. [PMID: 38732128 PMCID: PMC11085010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition in which the pathological cumulation of fat with coexisting inflammation and damage of hepatic cells leads to progressive dysfunctions of the liver. Except for the commonly well-known major causes of NAFLD such as obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, or diabetes, an unbalanced diet and imbalanced nutritional status should also be taken into consideration. In this narrative review, we summarized the current knowledge regarding the micro- and macronutrient status of patients suffering from NAFLD considering various diets and supplementation of chosen supplements. We aimed to summarize the knowledge indicating which nutritional impairments may be associated with the onset and progression of NAFLD at the same time evaluating the potential therapy targets that could facilitate the healing process. Except for the above-mentioned objectives, one of the most important aspects of this review was to highlight the possible strategies for taking care of NAFLD patients taking into account the challenges and opportunities associated with the micronutrient status of the patients. The current research indicates that a supplementation of chosen vitamins (e.g., vitamin A, B complex, C, or D) as well as chosen elements such as zinc may alleviate the symptoms of NAFLD. However, there is still a lack of sufficient data regarding healthy ranges of dosages; thus, further research is of high importance in this matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Tyczyńska
- Department of Correct, Clinical and Imaging Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Gabriela Hunek
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (G.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Martyna Szczasny
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Adam Brachet
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (G.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Jacek Januszewski
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Alicja Forma
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (G.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jacek Baj
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (J.J.)
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Wang H, Cheng W, Hu P, Ling T, Hu C, Chen Y, Zheng Y, Wang J, Zhao T, You Q. Integrative analysis identifies oxidative stress biomarkers in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via machine learning and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1335112. [PMID: 38476236 PMCID: PMC10927810 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1335112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease globally, with the potential to progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Given the absence of effective treatments to halt its progression, novel molecular approaches to the NAFLD diagnosis and treatment are of paramount importance. Methods Firstly, we downloaded oxidative stress-related genes from the GeneCards database and retrieved NAFLD-related datasets from the GEO database. Using the Limma R package and WGCNA, we identified differentially expressed genes closely associated with NAFLD. In our study, we identified 31 intersection genes by analyzing the intersection among oxidative stress-related genes, NAFLD-related genes, and genes closely associated with NAFLD as identified through Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). In a study of 31 intersection genes between NAFLD and Oxidative Stress (OS), we identified three hub genes using three machine learning algorithms: Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression, Support Vector Machine - Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE), and RandomForest. Subsequently, a nomogram was utilized to predict the incidence of NAFLD. The CIBERSORT algorithm was employed for immune infiltration analysis, single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) for functional enrichment analysis, and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks to explore the relationships between the three hub genes and other intersecting genes of NAFLD and OS. The distribution of these three hub genes across six cell clusters was determined using single-cell RNA sequencing. Finally, utilizing relevant data from the Attie Lab Diabetes Database, and liver tissues from NASH mouse model, Western Blot (WB) and Reverse Transcription Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) assays were conducted, this further validated the significant roles of CDKN1B and TFAM in NAFLD. Results In the course of this research, we identified 31 genes with a strong association with oxidative stress in NAFLD. Subsequent machine learning analysis and external validation pinpointed two genes: CDKN1B and TFAM, as demonstrating the closest correlation to oxidative stress in NAFLD. Conclusion This investigation found two hub genes that hold potential as novel targets for the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD, thereby offering innovative perspectives for its clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Wang
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Ling
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Hu
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongzhen Chen
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Zheng
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junqi Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang You
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Jha D, Prajapati SK, Deb PK, Jaiswal M, Mazumder PM. Madhuca longifolia-hydro-ethanolic-fraction reverses mitochondrial dysfunction and modulates selective GLUT expression in diabetic mice fed with high fat diet. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:209. [PMID: 38270737 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08962-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic disorder is characterized as chronic low-grade inflammation which elevates the systemic inflammatory markers. The proposed hypothesis behind this includes occurrence of hypoxia due to intake of high fat diet leading to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. AIM In the present work our aim was to elucidate the possible mechanism of action of hydroethanolic fraction of M. longifolia leaves against the metabolic disorder. METHOD AND RESULTS In the present investigation, effect of Madhuca longifolia hydroethanolic fraction (MLHEF) on HFD induced obesity and diabetes through mitochondrial action and selective GLUT expression has been studied. In present work, it was observed that HFD (50% of diet) on chronic administration aggravates the metabolic problems by causing reduced imbalanced oxidative stress, ATP production, and altered selective GLUT protein expression. Long term HFD administration reduced (p < 0.001) the SOD, CAT level significantly along with elevated liver function marker AST and ALT. MLHEF administration diminishes this oxidative stress. HFD administration also causes decreased ATP/ADP ratio owing to suppressed mitochondrial function and elevating LDH level. This oxidative imbalance further leads to dysregulated GLUT expression in hepatocytes, skeletal muscles and white adipose tissue. HFD leads to significant (p < 0.001) upregulation in GLUT 1 and 3 expression while significant (p < 0.001) downregulation in GLUT 2 and 4 expressions in WAT, liver and skeletal muscles. Administration of MLHEF significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the LDH level and also reduces the mitochondrial dysfunction. CONCLUSION Imbalances in GLUT levels were significantly reversed in order to maintain GLUT expression in tissues on the administration of MLHEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Jha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India.
| | - Santosh Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Prashanta Kumar Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Mohit Jaiswal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Papiya Mitra Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
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Memaj P, Ouzerara Z, Jornayvaz FR. Role of Oxidative Stress and Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11271. [PMID: 37511031 PMCID: PMC10379080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a widely studied subject due to its increasing prevalence and links to diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. It has severe complications, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and portal hypertension that can lead to liver transplantation in some cases. To better prevent and treat this pathology, it is important to understand its underlying physiology. Here, we identify two main factors that play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of NAFLD: oxidative stress and the key role of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1). We discuss the pathophysiology linking these factors to NAFLD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plator Memaj
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Zayd Ouzerara
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François R Jornayvaz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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6
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Phillips RK, Steiner JM, Suchodolski JS, Lidbury JA. Urinary 15-F 2t-Isoprostane Concentrations in Dogs with Liver Disease. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020082. [PMID: 36851386 PMCID: PMC9958836 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoprostanes are stable end products of lipid peroxidation that can be used as markers of oxidative stress. It was previously reported that a cohort of dogs with various liver diseases had increased urinary isoprostane concentrations compared to healthy control (HC) dogs. The aim of this study was to measure and report urinary isoprostane concentrations in dogs with different types of liver diseases. Urine was collected from 21 HC dogs and from 40 dogs with liver disease, including 25 with chronic hepatitis (CH), 7 with steroid hepatopathy (SH), and 8 with a congenital portosystemic shunt (CPSS). In this prospective, observational study, urinary 15-F2t-isoprostane (F2-IsoP) concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and normalized to urinary creatinine concentrations. Concentrations were compared between groups using a Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's multiple comparisons tests. Significance was set at p < 0.05. The median (range) urinary F2-IsoP to creatinine ratios (ng/mg UCr) were 3.6 (2.2-12.4) for HC dogs, 5.7 (2.4-11.3) for dogs with CH, 4.8 (2.4-8.6) for dogs with SH, and 12.5 (2.9-22.9) for dogs with CPSS. CPSS dogs had significantly higher urinary F2-IsoP concentrations than HC dogs (p = 0.004), suggesting increased oxidative stress among this cohort.
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Nguyen Huu T, Park J, Zhang Y, Duong Thanh H, Park I, Choi JM, Yoon HJ, Park SC, Woo HA, Lee SR. The Role of Oxidative Inactivation of Phosphatase PTEN and TCPTP in Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010120. [PMID: 36670982 PMCID: PMC9854873 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Despite the different etiologies, their spectra and histological feature are similar, from simple steatosis to more advanced stages such as steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Studies including peroxiredoxin knockout models revealed that oxidative stress is crucial in these diseases, which present as consequences of redox imbalance. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are a superfamily of enzymes that are major targets of reactive oxygen species (ROS) because of an oxidation-susceptible nucleophilic cysteine in their active site. Herein, we review the oxidative inactivation of two tumor suppressor PTPs, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) and T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP), and their contribution to the pathogenicity of ALD and NAFLD, respectively. This review might provide a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of these diseases and help develop new therapeutic strategies to treat fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thang Nguyen Huu
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58 128, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hien Duong Thanh
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58 128, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Iha Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Myung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joong Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Park
- The Future Life and Society Research Center, Advanced Institute of Aging Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ae Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Rock Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-379-2775; Fax: +82-61-379-2782
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Xiao L, Xiong H, Deng Z, Peng X, Cheng K, Zhang H, Jiang L, Sun Y. Tetrastigma hemsleyanum leaf extracts ameliorate NAFLD in mice with low-grade colitis via the gut-liver axis. Food Funct 2023; 14:500-515. [PMID: 36519687 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03028d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex metabolic disorder, manifested as oxidative stress, lipid accumulation, and inflammation of the liver. Tetrastigma hemsleyanum leaves (THL), which are rich in flavonoids and phenolic acids, have good anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective effects. However, it is unknown whether THL extracts can improve NAFLD and the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Hence, this study was designed to investigate the effects of THL extracts on NAFLD and perform a preliminary inquiry into the underlying mechanism based on the gut-liver axis. The results showed that THL extracts could reverse NAFLD-related oxidative stress, lipid accumulation, and inflammation. Additionally, the protective effect of THL extracts on the gut includes the maintenance of the intestinal barrier and the regulation of gut microbiota, which may be one of the mechanisms by which THL improves NAFLD. To be specific, in our study, THL extracts alleviated hepatic lipid accumulation and oxidative stress by regulating the expression of lipid synthesis/catabolism and the oxidative stress genes (SREBP-1c/ACC-1/PPAR-α/PPAR-γ/Keap1/Nrf2). In addition, THL extracts reduced damage to the intestinal barrier (ZO-1/Mucin2/occludin) and increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillales, Ruminococcaceae, and Bifidobacteriales in NAFLD mice. In short, THL extracts alleviated NAFLD-related oxidative stress, lipid accumulation, and inflammation in NAFLD mice which may be via the gut-liver axis (gut barrier integrity and gut microbiota).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Hua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xin Peng
- Ningbo Municipal Hospital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Kejun Cheng
- Chemical Biology Center, Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
| | - Li Jiang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
| | - Yong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China.
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Plasma Calprotectin Levels Associate with Suspected Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and All-Cause Mortality in the General Population. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415708. [PMID: 36555350 PMCID: PMC9778771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is characterized by hepatic steatosis, metabolic dysregulation, and neutrophilic inflammation. In this study, we hypothesized that systemic levels of plasma calprotectin, as a biomarker of neutrophilic inflammation, may be associated with suspected MAFLD. Plasma calprotectin levels were measured in subjects (n = 5446) participating in the Prevention of Renal and Vascular ENd-stage Disease (PREVEND) cohort study. Suspected MAFLD was defined by the fatty liver index (FLI ≥ 60) and hepatic steatosis index (HSI ≥ 36) as proxies. Plasma calprotectin levels were significantly higher in subjects with FLI ≥ 60 (0.57 [IQR: 0.42−0.79] mg/L, n = 1592) (p < 0.001) compared to subjects with FLI < 60 (0.46 [0.34−0.65] mg/L, n = 3854). Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that plasma calprotectin levels were significantly associated with suspected MAFLD (FLI ≥ 60), even after adjustment for potential confounding factors, including current smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), hs-CRP, eGFR, and total cholesterol levels (OR 1.19 [95% CI: 1.06−1.33], p = 0.003). Interaction analyses revealed significant effect modifications for the association between plasma calprotectin and suspected MAFLD by BMI (p < 0.001) and hypertension (p = 0.003), with the strongest associations in subjects with normal BMI and without hypertension. Prospectively, plasma calprotectin levels were significantly associated with all-cause mortality after adjustment for potential confounding factors, particularly in subjects without suspected MAFLD (FLI < 60) (hazard ratio (HR) per doubling: 1.34 (1.05−1.72), p < 0.05). In conclusion, higher plasma calprotectin levels are associated with suspected MAFLD and with the risk of all-cause mortality, the latter especially in subjects without suspected MAFLD.
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10
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Therapeutic strategies for liver diseases based on redox control systems. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113764. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Zhao Y, Li H. Association of serum vitamin C with liver fibrosis in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:872-877. [PMID: 35189786 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2022.2041085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association between serum vitamin C and liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD in the US adults. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2017 to 2018 cycle of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Serum vitamin C and transient elastography (TE)-accessed liver stiffness was taken as independent and dependent variables, respectively. Liver steatosis and fibrosis were detected by controlling attenuation parameter (CAP) and TE. NAFLD was defined by a CAP score of ≥248 dB/m without any indication of other causes of chronic liver disease. The median liver stiffness of ≥8.2 kPa was used to identify significant fibrosis (≥F2) among NAFLD patients. We calculated the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidential intervals (CIs) for associations with significant NAFLD fibrosis using multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS Overall, 1926 individuals with NAFLD were included in the analysis and 267 subjects met the definition of significant fibrosis. Serum vitamin C was associated with lower odds of liver fibrosis in NAFLD after adjusting for potential confounders (OR = 0.60, 95% CI, 0.43-0.84), while in the subgroup analysis stratified by gender and body mass index (BMI), this association showed a difference after adjusting for confounders (males: OR = 0.43, 95% CI, 0.26-0.71; females: OR = 0.78, 95% CI, 0.49-1.24). There were no significant associations of serum vitamin C with liver fibrosis in NAFLD with underweight or normal (OR = 1.34, 95% CI, 0.19-9.34). CONCLUSIONS This cross-sectional study indicated an association of serum vitamin C with significant fibrosis in men and overweight or obese patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipu Zhao
- Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hailu Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Ryu BI, Kim KT. Antioxidant activity and protective effect of methyl gallate against t-BHP induced oxidative stress through inhibiting ROS production. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:1063-1072. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndrome in Women: Effects of Lifestyle Modifications. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102759. [PMID: 35628889 PMCID: PMC9146022 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most widespread liver disease, characterized by fatty acids liver accumulation and subsequent fibrosis. NAFLD prevalence ranges from 80% to 90% in obese subjects and is estimated to be around 50% in patients with metabolic syndrome. In this clinical scenario, diet and lifestyle modifications can play an important role. There are several imaging techniques that can accurately diagnose fatty liver. Recently, ultrasound has acquired a leading role in the diagnosis and follow-up of fatty liver disease. Furthermore, elastosonography represents a valid alternative to liver biopsy. Shear wave elastosonography evaluates the elastic and mechanical properties of liver tissue. The aim is to evaluate the effects of lifestyle and nutritional interventions and a loss of body weight during hepatic steatosis through ultrasonographic and elastosonographic techniques. Thirty-two female subjects with metabolic syndrome were subjected to clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory assessments, as well as abdominal ultrasonographic/elastosonographic measurements taken from enrollment time (T0) and after 3 months (T1) of lifestyle modifications. After 3 months of lifestyle changes, significant weight loss was observed, with a marked improvement in all adiposity indices. The laboratory parameters at T1 showed significant decreases in total and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, basal blood glucose, 120 min glycaemia, basal insulin and HOMA Index (p < 0.001). A similar improvement was observed at T1 for steatosis degree (p < 0.01) and elastosonographic measurements (Kpa p < 0.001). The linear regression analysis of the baseline conditions documented that the size of the liver positively correlated with body weight, BMI, neck and waist circumferences, waist to height ratio (WhtR), insulin and HOMA Index, fat mass and visceral fat, and steatosis grade. After 3 months, the liver size showed improvement with positive correlations to all previous variables. Hepatic stiffness (Kpa) positively correlated with neck circumference, visceral fat, and ALT, with basal insulin, gamma-GT, and AST, and with waist circumference, WhtR, and fat mass. The degree of steatosis was positively correlated with more variables and with greater statistical significance at T1 with respect to T0. Particularly, the positive correlations between the degree of steatosis and neck circumference (p < 0.001), HOMA Index, and triglycerides (p < 0.001) appeared to be very significant. NAFLD management in women with metabolic syndrome should be focused on lifestyle modifications. Moreover, liver involvement and improvement at follow-up could be evaluated in a non-invasive manner through ultrasonographic and elastosonographic techniques.
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a challenging disease caused by multiple factors, which may partly explain why it still remains an orphan of adequate therapies. This review highlights the interaction between oxidative stress (OS) and disturbed lipid metabolism. Several reactive oxygen species generators, including those produced in the gastrointestinal tract, contribute to the lipotoxic hepatic (and extrahepatic) damage by fatty acids and a great variety of their biologically active metabolites in a “multiple parallel-hit model”. This leads to inflammation and fibrogenesis and contributes to NAFLD progression. The alterations of the oxidant/antioxidant balance affect also metabolism-related organelles, leading to lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This OS-induced damage is at least partially counteracted by the physiological antioxidant response. Therefore, modulation of this defense system emerges as an interesting target to prevent NAFLD development and progression. For instance, probiotics, prebiotics, diet, and fecal microbiota transplantation represent new therapeutic approaches targeting the gut microbiota dysbiosis. The OS and its counter-regulation are under the influence of individual genetic and epigenetic factors as well. In the near future, precision medicine taking into consideration genetic or environmental epigenetic risk factors, coupled with new OS biomarkers, will likely assist in noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of NAFLD progression and in further personalizing treatments.
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Probiotic Bacillus Alleviates Oxidative Stress-Induced Liver Injury by Modulating Gut-Liver Axis in a Rat Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020291. [PMID: 35204173 PMCID: PMC8868294 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests a key role of gut microbiota in maintaining liver functions through modulating the gut–liver axis. In this study, we investigated whether microbiota alteration mediated by probiotic Bacillus was involved in alleviating oxidative stress- induced liver injury. Sprague–Dawley rats were orally administered Bacillus SC06 or SC08 for a 24-day period and thereafter intraperitoneally injected diquat (DQ) to induce oxidative stress. Results showed that Bacillus, particularly SC06 significantly inhibited hepatic injuries, as evidenced by the alleviated damaged liver structure, the decreased levels of ALT, AST, ALP and LDH, and the suppressed mitochondrial dysfunction. SC06 pretreatment markedly enhanced the liver antioxidant capacity by decreasing MDA and p47, and increasing T-AOC, SOD and HO-1.16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that DQ significantly changed the diversities and composition of gut microbiota, whereas Bacillus pretreatments could attenuate gut dysbiosis. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that AST and MDA exerted a positive correlation with the opportunistic pathogenic genera and species (Escherichia and Shigella), and negatively correlated with the potential probiotics (Lactobacillus), while SOD exerted a reverse trend. The microbial metagenomic analysis demonstrated that Bacillus, particularly SC06 markedly suppress the metabolic pathways such as carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins. Furthermore, SC06 decreased the gene abundance of the pathways mediating bacterial replication, secretion and pathogenicity. Taken together, Bacillus SC06 alleviates oxidative stress-induced liver injuries via optimizing the composition, metabolic pathways and pathogenic replication and secretion of gut microbiota. These findings elucidate the mechanisms of probiotics in alleviating oxidative stress and provide a promising strategy for preventing liver diseases by targeting gut microbiota.
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Qin JY, Ru S, Wang W, Hao L, Wei S, Zhang J, Xiong JQ, Wang J, Zhang X. Unraveling the mechanism of long-term bisphenol S exposure disrupted ovarian lipids metabolism, oocytes maturation, and offspring development of zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130304. [PMID: 33798965 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS) acts as a xenoestrogen and disturbs the female reproductive system; however, the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. In this study, the effect of chronic BPS exposure (1 μg/L and 100 μg/L) on ovarian lipid metabolism in zebrafish was investigated to determine its influence on adult reproductive capacity and offspring development. The results showed that long-term (240 days) exposure to BPS induced lipid accumulation in the ovaries by promoting the transport of more lipids from the circulation to the ovaries and by upregulating triacylglycerol synthesis-related genes. Significantly increased expression of cpt2, acadm, acadl, and pparα, which are involved in β-oxidation in the ovarian mitochondria, indicated that more energy was provided for oocyte maturation in exposed zebrafish ovaries. Thus, the proportion of full-grown stage oocytes in ovaries and egg reproduction were elevated at an accelerated rate, which earlier than normal reproductive cycle (8-10 days posts pawning). Moreover, the maternally BPS-exposed F1 embryos (2 h post-spawning, hpf) showed higher neutral lipid levels, impaired hatching capacity, and increased occurrence of larval deformities. All these findings demonstrated that stimulated lipid synthesis and β-oxidation in zebrafish ovaries significantly contribute to BPS-induced oocyte precociousness with subsequent effects on the development of unexposed offspring. This study provides new insight into the impact of xenoestrogens on oviparous reproduction in females and offspring development from the perspective of ovarian lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yu Qin
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Liping Hao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shuhui Wei
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jiu-Qiang Xiong
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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17
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Santos-Sánchez G, Cruz-Chamorro I, Álvarez-Ríos AI, Fernández-Santos JM, Vázquez-Román MV, Rodríguez-Ortiz B, Álvarez-Sánchez N, Álvarez-López AI, Millán-Linares MDC, Millán F, Pedroche J, Fernández-Pachón MS, Lardone PJ, Guerrero JM, Bejarano I, Carrillo-Vico A. Lupinus angustifolius Protein Hydrolysates Reduce Abdominal Adiposity and Ameliorate Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) in Western Diet Fed-ApoE -/- Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081222. [PMID: 34439470 PMCID: PMC8388992 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most important cause of liver disease worldwide. It is characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver and is closely associated with abdominal obesity. In addition, oxidative stress and inflammation are significant features involved in MAFLD. Recently, our group demonstrated that lupin protein hydrolysates (LPHs) had lipid lowering, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Sixty male mice fed with a Western diet were intragastrically treated with LPHs (or vehicle) for 12 weeks. Liver and adipose tissue lipid accumulation and hepatic inflammatory and oxidant status were evaluated. A significant decrease in steatosis was observed in LPHs-treated mice, which presented a decreased gene expression of CD36 and LDL-R, crucial markers in MAFLD. In addition, LPHs increased the hepatic total antioxidant capacity and reduced the hepatic inflammatory status. Moreover, LPHs-treated mice showed a significant reduction in abdominal adiposity. This is the first study to show that the supplementation with LPHs markedly ameliorates the generation of the steatotic liver caused by the intake of a Western diet and reduces abdominal obesity in ApoE−/− mice. Future clinical trials should shed light on the effects of LPHs on MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Santos-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain; (G.S.-S.); (B.R.-O.); (N.Á.-S.); (A.I.Á.-L.); (P.J.L.); (J.M.G.); (I.B.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Ivan Cruz-Chamorro
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain; (G.S.-S.); (B.R.-O.); (N.Á.-S.); (A.I.Á.-L.); (P.J.L.); (J.M.G.); (I.B.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.C.-C.); (A.C.-V.); Tel.: +34-955-923-106 (I.C.-C. & A.C.-V.)
| | - Ana Isabel Álvarez-Ríos
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Unidad de Gestión de Laboratorios, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - José María Fernández-Santos
- Departamento Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain; (J.M.F.-S.); (M.V.V.-R.)
| | - María Victoria Vázquez-Román
- Departamento Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain; (J.M.F.-S.); (M.V.V.-R.)
| | - Beatriz Rodríguez-Ortiz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain; (G.S.-S.); (B.R.-O.); (N.Á.-S.); (A.I.Á.-L.); (P.J.L.); (J.M.G.); (I.B.)
| | - Nuria Álvarez-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain; (G.S.-S.); (B.R.-O.); (N.Á.-S.); (A.I.Á.-L.); (P.J.L.); (J.M.G.); (I.B.)
| | - Ana Isabel Álvarez-López
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain; (G.S.-S.); (B.R.-O.); (N.Á.-S.); (A.I.Á.-L.); (P.J.L.); (J.M.G.); (I.B.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Millán
- Department of Food & Health, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Ctra, Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; (F.M.); (J.P.)
| | - Justo Pedroche
- Department of Food & Health, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Ctra, Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; (F.M.); (J.P.)
| | - María Soledad Fernández-Pachón
- Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Patricia Judith Lardone
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain; (G.S.-S.); (B.R.-O.); (N.Á.-S.); (A.I.Á.-L.); (P.J.L.); (J.M.G.); (I.B.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Guerrero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain; (G.S.-S.); (B.R.-O.); (N.Á.-S.); (A.I.Á.-L.); (P.J.L.); (J.M.G.); (I.B.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Unidad de Gestión de Laboratorios, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Bejarano
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain; (G.S.-S.); (B.R.-O.); (N.Á.-S.); (A.I.Á.-L.); (P.J.L.); (J.M.G.); (I.B.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Carrillo-Vico
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain; (G.S.-S.); (B.R.-O.); (N.Á.-S.); (A.I.Á.-L.); (P.J.L.); (J.M.G.); (I.B.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.C.-C.); (A.C.-V.); Tel.: +34-955-923-106 (I.C.-C. & A.C.-V.)
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Luo Z, Hu H, Liu S, Zhang Z, Li Y, Zhou L. Comprehensive analysis of the translatome reveals the relationship between the translational and transcriptional control in high fat diet-induced liver steatosis. RNA Biol 2021; 18:863-874. [PMID: 32967529 PMCID: PMC8081042 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1827193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational regulation plays a critical role in gene expression. However, there are few genome-wide studies on translational regulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a severe non-communicable epidemic worldwide. In this study, we performed RNC-mRNA (mRNAs bound to ribosome-nascent chain complex) sequencing and mRNA sequencing to probe the translation status of high-fat-diet (HFD) induced mouse fatty liver. Generally, in the HFD group compared to the control group, changes of translation ratios and changes in mRNA abundance had a negative correlation. The relative abundance of RNC-mRNAs and mRNAs were positively correlated, yet the former changed more slowly than the latter. However, the rate of change became more balanced when it came to the livers of mice that were fed the HFD plus lycopene, an antioxidant. This indicated relatively independent roles of translational modulation and transcriptional regulation. Furthermore, many genes were differentially regulated at the transcriptional or translational levels, suggesting a new screening strategy for functional genes. In conclusion, our analysis revealed the different and correlated role of translational control with transcriptional regulation in the HFD-induced mouse fatty liver relative to the control, which indicates critical roles of translational control for liver steatosis; thus, adding a new dimension towards a better understanding and improvement of treatment for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zupeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Siqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Yixing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China
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19
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Raza S, Tewari A, Rajak S, Sinha RA. Vitamins and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A Molecular Insight ⋆. LIVER RESEARCH 2021; 5:62-71. [PMID: 34221537 PMCID: PMC7611112 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rising rapidly across the globe. NAFLD pathogenesis is largely driven by an imbalance in hepatic energy metabolism and at present, there is no approved drug for its treatment. The liver plays a crucial role in micronutrient metabolism and deregulation of this micronutrient metabolism may contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Vitamins regulate several enzymatic processes in the liver, and derangement in vitamin metabolism is believed to play a critical role in NAFLD progression. The anti-oxidant activities of vitamin C and E have been attributed to mitigate hepatocyte injury, and alterations in the serum levels of vitamin D, vitamin B12 and folate have shown a strong correlation with NAFLD severity. This review aims to highlight the role of these vitamins, which represent promising therapeutic targets for the management of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Raza
- Corresponding author: Dr. Rohit A. Sinha (), Dr. Sana Raza ()
| | | | | | - Rohit A. Sinha
- Corresponding author: Dr. Rohit A. Sinha (), Dr. Sana Raza ()
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20
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Rojas IY, Moyer BJ, Ringelberg CS, Wilkins OM, Pooler DB, Ness DB, Coker S, Tosteson TD, Lewis LD, Chamberlin MD, Tomlinson CR. Kynurenine-Induced Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling in Mice Causes Body Mass Gain, Liver Steatosis, and Hyperglycemia. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:337-349. [PMID: 33491319 PMCID: PMC10782555 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) plays a key role in obesity. In vitro studies revealed that the tryptophan metabolite kynurenine (Kyn) activates AHR signaling in cultured hepatocytes. The objective of this study was to determine whether Kyn activated the AHR in mice to induce obesity. METHODS Mice were fed a low-fat diet and the same diet supplemented with Kyn. Body mass, liver status, and the expression of identified relevant genes were determined. RESULTS Kyn caused mice to gain significant body mass, develop fatty liver and hyperglycemia, and increase expression levels of cytochrome P450 1B1 and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1. The hyperglycemia was accompanied with decreased insulin levels, which may have been due to the repression of genes involved in insulin secretion. Kyn plasma concentrations and BMI were measured in female patients, and a significant association was observed between Kyn and age in patients with obesity but not in patients who were lean. CONCLUSIONS Results show that (1) Kyn or a metabolite thereof is a ligand responsible for inducing AHR-based obesity, fatty liver, and hyperglycemia in mice; (2) plasma Kyn levels increase with age in women with obesity but not in lean women; and (3) an activated AHR is necessary but not sufficient to attain obesity, a status that also requires fat in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzel Y. Rojas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Moyer
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Carol S. Ringelberg
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Owen M. Wilkins
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Darcy B. Pooler
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Dylan B. Ness
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Shodeinde Coker
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Tor D. Tosteson
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Lionel D. Lewis
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Mary D. Chamberlin
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Craig R. Tomlinson
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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21
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The Ubiquitin E3 Ligase TRIM21 Promotes Hepatocarcinogenesis by Suppressing the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 Antioxidant Pathway. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 11:1369-1385. [PMID: 33482392 PMCID: PMC8024979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS TRIM21 is a ubiquitin E3 ligase that is implicated in numerous biological processes including immune response, cell metabolism, redox homeostasis, and cancer development. We recently reported that TRIM21 can negatively regulate the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 antioxidant pathway by ubiquitylating p62 and prevents its oligomerization and protein sequestration function. As redox homeostasis plays a pivotal role in many cancers including liver cancer, we sought to determine the role of TRIM21 in hepatocarcinogenesis. METHODS We examined the correlation between TRIM21 expression and the disease using publicly available data sets and 49 cases of HCC clinical samples. We used TRIM21 genetic knockout mice to determine how TRIM21 ablation impact HCC induced by the carcinogen DEN plus phenobarbital (PB). We explored the mechanism that loss of TRIM21 protects cells from DEN-induced oxidative damage and cell death. RESULTS There is a positive correlation between TRIM21 expression and HCC. Consistently, TRIM21-knockout mice are resistant to DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. This is accompanied by decreased cell death and tissue damage upon DEN treatment, hence reduced hepatic tissue repair response and compensatory proliferation. Cells deficient in TRIM21 display enhanced p62 sequestration of Keap1 and are protected from DEN-induced ROS induction and cell death. Reconstitution of wild-type but not the E3 ligase-dead and the p62 binding-deficient mutant TRIM21 impedes the protection from DEN-induced oxidative damage and cell death in TRIM21-deficient cells. CONCLUSIONS Increased TRIM21 expression is associated with human HCC. Genetic ablation of TRIM21 leads to protection against oxidative hepatic damage and decreased hepatocarcinogenesis, suggesting TRIM21 as a preventive and therapeutic target.
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Morsy MD, Aboonq MS, ALsleem MA, Abusham AA. Taurine prevents high-fat diet-induced-hepatic steatosis in rats by direct inhibition of hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding proteins and activation of AMPK. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:72-85. [PMID: 32691860 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated if the protective effect of taurine against high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis involves modulating the hepatic activity of 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and levels/activity of the sterol regulatory element-binding proteins-1/2 (SREBP1/2). Rats were divided into four groups (n = 12/group) as (a) STD, fed standard diet (3.85 kcal/g); (b) STD + taurine (500 mg/kg); (c) HFD, fed HFD (4.73 kcal/g); and (d) HFD + taurine. All treatments were conducted for 12 weeks. Independent of food intake or modulating glucose or insulin levels, taurine administration to STD and HFD-fed rats significantly lowered weekly weight gain and the accumulation of the retroperitoneal, visceral and subcutaneous fats. In both groups, taurine also reduced serum and hepatic levels of triglycerides and cholesterol and reduced hepatic mRNA and protein levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl CoA carboxylase-1 (ACC-1), HMG-CoA-reductase and HMG-CoA synthetase. In control rats only, taurine reduced hepatic levels of mature forms of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP)-1/2. In HFD-fed rats, taurine reduced SREBP-1/2 precursor and mature forms in the livers of HFD-fed rats. Besides, taurine significantly increased levels of glutathione (GSH), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the activity of AMPK and its downstream β-oxidation genes including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT-1) in the livers of both the control and HFD-fed rats. In conclusion, taurine protects against HFD-induced hepatic steatosis stimulating antioxidant levels, and concomitant stimulating hepatic β-oxidation and suppressing lipid synthesis, mediated by activation of AMPK and suppression of SREBP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Darwesh Morsy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen Alkoom, Egypt
| | - Moutasem Salih Aboonq
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abadi ALsleem
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdalla Abdelrahim Abusham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Abdel-Maboud M, Menshawy A, Menshawy E, Emara A, Alshandidy M, Eid M. The efficacy of vitamin E in reducing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2020; 13:1756284820974917. [PMID: 33335561 PMCID: PMC7724271 DOI: 10.1177/1756284820974917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects up to 30% of the population. Clinical trials have questioned the role of vitamin E in the treatment of NAFLD with or without other interventions, with still no firm conclusion reached. This study aims to examine the efficiency of vitamin E alone or combined in the management of NAFLD. METHODS We performed a systematic literature search on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Ovid, EBSCO host, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the role of vitamin E alone or combined in NAFLD patients. Extracted manuscripts reported data on biochemical, histological, anthropometric, and metabolic outcomes. Baseline characteristics, settings, dosage, and frequency were also collected. RESEARCH A total of 1317 patients from 15 RCTs were included in our systematic review and meta-analysis. Vitamin E was superior at improving alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), NAFLD activity score (NAS), and fibrosis in short- and long-term follow up in the adult population, and long-term follow up in the pediatric population. Improvements in metabolic outcomes were best noticed in pediatric patients. Results from multiple regression models showed a significant association between ALT-AST levels and vitamin E dose. AST levels had a significant effect on NAS, and patients with a baseline AST > 50 IU/l showed more promising results. Changes in weight and body mass index (BMI) were strongly associated with changes in NAS. CONCLUSION Current evidence affirms that vitamin E - whether alone or combined - improves biochemical and histological outcomes in adults and pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amr Menshawy
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo,
Egypt
| | | | - Amany Emara
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo,
Egypt
| | | | - Muhammad Eid
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo,
Egypt
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24
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Hu Y, Yin F, Liu Z, Xie H, Xu Y, Zhou D, Zhu B. Acerola polysaccharides ameliorate high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through reduction of lipogenesis and improvement of mitochondrial functions in mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:1037-1048. [PMID: 31819934 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01611b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Acerola polysaccharides (ACPs) were purified from acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.), a tropical fruit with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the biological activities of ACPs have barely been investigated. The present study was designed to investigate the efficacy of ACPs in the treatment of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in C57BL/6 mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a high-fat diet and treated with different doses of ACPs for 9 continuous weeks. NAFLD was examined in terms of body weight, lipid profiles, liver function markers, and histology. Gene expression was determined by using both qRT-PCR and western blot. Our results showed that administration of ACPs significantly reduced HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and hepatic lipid deposition by inhibiting the SREBP1c pathway in mice. ACP treatment normalized oxidative stress by activating nuclear factor (erythroid-derived-2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and reduced the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in HFD fed mice. Furthermore, ACPs reduced uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) expression, restored mitochondrial ATP content, increased mitochondrial complex I, IV, and V activity, and increased mitochondrial beta-oxidation by stimulating peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in the liver of HFD-fed mice. Our study indicated that ACPs may be an effective dietary supplement for preventing HFD-induced NAFLD by regulating lipogenesis, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, and promoting the mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Hu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, PR China.
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25
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Coelho JM, Cansanção K, Perez RDM, Leite NC, Padilha P, Ramalho A, Peres W. Association between serum and dietary antioxidant micronutrients and advanced liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an observational study. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9838. [PMID: 32995080 PMCID: PMC7502233 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite clinical trials with antioxidant supplementation, few studies have been conducted to evaluate the nutritional status of antioxidant vitamins and minerals, and none have reported on the status of these serum antioxidants associated with the dietary intake of antioxidants by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. OBJECTIVE To evaluate association between serum and dietetics antioxidants with liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. METHODS Across-section analysis with out with 72 patients diagnosed with NAFLD. Hepatic fibrosis was measured by FibroScan®, and liver stiffness ≥7.9 kPa was considered to indicate advanced fibrosis. Retinol, alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, serum zinc, and selenium were evaluated, as was the dietary intake of these micronutrients in the previous 24 h (using 24-h dietary recall). The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the fibrosis groups and, a linear regression analysis was performed to determine associated risk factors between age, sex, BMI, hepatic fibrosis, and serum antioxidants. RESULTS A high proportion of inadequate serum retinol (20.8%), vitamin C (27%), and selenium (73.6%) was observed in the patients with NAFLD, in addition to a significant inadequacy of vitamin A (98.3%) and vitamin E (100%) intake. Patients with advanced liver fibrosis had reduced levels of serum retinol (P = 0.002), with liver fibrosis being the independent risk factor associated with serum retinol lower. CONCLUSION Hepatic fibrosis was associated with a reduction in serum retinol and was reduced in advanced fibrosis. NAFLD patients showed an important serum deficiency and insufficient dietary intake of the evaluated micronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Moraes Coelho
- The Capriglione Luiz State Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Katia Cansanção
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata de Mello Perez
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro and D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nathalie Carvalho Leite
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Ramalho
- Department of Social and Applied Nutrition and Center for Research on Micronutrients (NPqM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wilza Peres
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ma C, Liu Y, He S, Zeng J, Li P, Ma C, Ping F, Zhang H, Xu L, Li W, Li Y. Association Between Leukocyte Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Chinese Population Is Mediated by 8-Oxo-2'-Deoxyguanosine. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:536. [PMID: 33015093 PMCID: PMC7511508 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alterations in mitochondrial DNA are potentially associated with oxidative stress and may be involved in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the association between mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and NAFLD was not consistent. In addition, the association between inflammation and NAFLD has not been established yet. The present study, based on a Chinese population of individuals with different glucose statuses, aimed to explore the association between leukocyte mtDNAcn, markers of oxidative stress, and inflammation and NAFLD. Methods: A total of 318 participants from a diabetes project were included. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography. Leukocyte mtDNAcn was determined by PCR assay. The levels of the inflammation markers tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and the oxidative stress markers glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) were also measured. Results: Participants with NAFLD (n = 105) exhibited significantly higher leukocyte mtDNAcn, IL-6, and 8-oxo-dG (all P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis indicated mtDNAcn was negatively associated with age, uric acid, SOD, and TNF-α, but was positively associated with 8-oxo-dG (all P < 0.05). Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that mtDNAcn was positively associated with NAFLD [odds ratio (OR) = 1.617, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.036–2.525; P = 0.034]. However, after adjustment for 8-oxo-dG, this association was no longer statistically significant (OR = 1.534, 95% CI = 0.979–2.403, P = 0.062). Moreover, the stress marker 8-oxo-dG was independently associated with NAFLD after adjustment for mtDNAcn, IL-6, glucose tolerance status, and other conventional NAFLD risk factors (OR = 1.707, 95% CI =1.142–2.550, P = 0.009). Mediation analysis indicated that 8-oxo-dG fully mediated the effect of mtDNAcn on the incidence of NAFLD (direct effect β = 0.5221, 95% CI = −0.0648 to 1.2504; indirect effect β = 0.0946, 95% CI = 0.0049–0.2463). Conclusions: In a Chinese population, the association between leukocyte mtDNAcn and NAFLD was fully mediated by high levels of 8-oxo-dG. Thus, oxidative stress may be an important driver of NAFLD, and clinical interventions aimed at decreasing oxidative stress to improve NAFLD warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chifa Ma
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuli He
- Department of Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingbo Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, Fuxing Hospital, The Eighth Clinical Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pingping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Ping
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huabing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Damba T, Bourgonje AR, Abdulle AE, Pasch A, Sydor S, van den Berg EH, Gansevoort RT, Bakker SJL, Blokzijl H, Dullaart RPF, van Goor H, Moshage H. Oxidative stress is associated with suspected non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and all-cause mortality in the general population. Liver Int 2020; 40:2148-2159. [PMID: 32558346 PMCID: PMC7496868 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive lipid accumulation, inflammation and an imbalanced redox homeostasis. We hypothesized that systemic free thiol levels, as a proxy of systemic oxidative stress, are associated with NAFLD. METHODS Protein-adjusted serum free thiol concentrations were determined in participants from the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease (PREVEND) cohort study (n = 5562). Suspected NAFLD was defined by the Fatty Liver Index (FLI ≥ 60) and Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI > 36). RESULTS Protein-adjusted serum free thiols were significantly reduced in subjects with FLI ≥ 60 (n = 1651). In multivariable logistic regression analyses, protein-adjusted serum free thiols were associated with NAFLD (FLI ≥ 60) (OR per doubling of concentration: 0.78 [95% CI 0.64-0.96], P = .016) even when adjusted for potential confounding factors, including systolic blood pressure, diabetes, current smoking, use of alcohol and total cholesterol (OR 0.80 [95% CI 0.65-0.99], P = .04). This association lost its significance (OR 0.94 [95% CI 0.73-1.21], P = .65) after additional adjustment for high-sensitive C-reactive protein. Stratified analyses showed significantly differential associations of protein-adjusted serum free thiol concentrations with suspected NAFLD for gender (P < .02), hypertension (P < .001) and hypercholesterolemia (P < .003). Longitudinally, protein-adjusted serum free thiols were significantly associated with the risk of all-cause mortality in subjects with NAFLD (FLI ≥ 60) (HR 0.27 [95% CI 0.17-0.45], P < .001). CONCLUSION Protein-adjusted serum free thiol levels are reduced and significantly associated with all-cause mortality in subjects with suspected NAFLD. Quantification of free thiols may be a promising, minimally invasive strategy to improve detection of NAFLD and associated risk of all-cause mortality in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turtushikh Damba
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
- School of PharmacyMongolian National University of Medical SciencesUlaanbaatarMongolia
| | - Arno R. Bourgonje
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Amaal E. Abdulle
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision Vascular MedicineUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Andreas Pasch
- Institute for Physiology and PathophysiologyJohannes Kepler University LinzLinzAustria
| | - Svenja Sydor
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious DiseasesOtto von Guericke University Hospital MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
| | - Eline H. van den Berg
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Ron T. Gansevoort
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision NephrologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision NephrologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Hans Blokzijl
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Robin P. F. Dullaart
- Department of EndocrinologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical BiologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Han Moshage
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
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A pilot study of the effect of curcumin on epigenetic changes and DNA damage among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2020; 51:102447. [PMID: 32507446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The enhancement of oxidative stress in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients may cause mutation in DNA by deamination of cytosine to 5-hydroxyuracil or uracil. This study aimed to discover the effects of curcumin on NAFLD progress, DNA damage caused by oxidative stress, and promoter methylation of mismatch repair enzymes. MATERIAL AND METHODS in this study, 54 NAFLD patients were randomly devided into two groups, according to a double blind parallel design either phytosomal curcumin (250 mg/day) or placebo for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples and anthropometric measures were taken twice, once at the baseline and once at the end of the study. Promoter methylation and 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentration as DNA damage mediator were measured by restriction enzymes and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. RESULT Analysis was performed on 44 patients. According to our between groups analysis, curcumin significantly reduced the methylation in MutL homolog 1 (MLH1) and MutS homolog 2 (MSH2) promoter regions. The within-group comparison revealed that anthropometric variables significantly decreased. However, the result of the between groups comparison indicated no significant changes in the anthropometric variables except for BMI. Liver enzymes and 8-OHdG did not significantly change at the end of the study, neither in curcumin group nor in placebo group. CONCLUSION Curcumin might be able to reduce the risk of mismatch base pair in DNA among the NAFLD patients. However, it did not change the DNA damage mediator and liver enzymes. For confirming these results, more studies with longer duration, more numbers of examined genes, higher dose of curcumin, and larger sample size are required.
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Sabitha R, Nishi K, Gunasekaran VP, Agilan B, David E, Annamalai G, Vinothkumar R, Perumal M, Subbiah L, Ganeshan M. p-Coumaric acid attenuates alcohol exposed hepatic injury through MAPKs, apoptosis and Nrf2 signaling in experimental models. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 321:109044. [PMID: 32151596 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Overconsumption of alcohol could lead to severe liver injury that connects with oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory response. Previously, we proved that p-coumaric acid prevents ethanol induced reproductive toxicity; however, p-coumaric acid (PCA) on ethanol mediated hepatotoxicity has not been examined yet. In our work, we sought to study the potential of PCA in contradiction of ethanol induced hepatoxicity which linking with MAPKs, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and Nrf2 signaling. Foremost, we found that PCA could protect ethanol induced both L-02 and HepG2 hepatic cells by inhibiting cytotoxicity, ROS production, mitochondrial depolarization, and nuclear fragmentation. Also, in vivo experiments showed that the ethanol increasing the lipid markers (TBARS, CD) and depletes the antioxidants thereby increased phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and p38 in rat liver tissues. Interestingly, PCA treatments inhibit ethanol exposed lipid markers and depletion of antioxidants, which directs the inhibition of MAPKs activation in rat liver tissues. We also noticed that the PCA protected ethanol induced apoptosis and liver markers by inhibiting the expression of Bax, caspases; AST, ALT, ALS, and LDH in liver tissue. Overall, the ameliorative consequence of PCA on ethanol induced oxidative stress and apoptosis was achieved by suppressing the expression of CYP2E1 and overexpressing Nrf2 and its target protein HO-1 in rat liver tissue. As a result, PCA was marked to be an effective antioxidant with notable hepatoprotection by inhibiting MAPKs and apoptosis signaling via enhancing Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishnan Sabitha
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumari Nishi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Balupillai Agilan
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, 632115, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annnamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ernest David
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, 632115, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Govindhan Annamalai
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annnamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajamanickam Vinothkumar
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive and Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Malliga Perumal
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Latha Subbiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Anna University, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mathan Ganeshan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Pasavei AG, Mohebbati R, Boroumand N, Ghorbani A, Hosseini A, Jamshidi ST, Soukhtanloo M. Anti-Hypolipidemic and Anti-Oxidative Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Origanum majorana on the Hepatosteatosis Induced with High-Fat Diet in Rats. Malays J Med Sci 2020; 27:57-69. [PMID: 32158345 PMCID: PMC7053549 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of the current study is to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic and anti-oxidative effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of marjoram (HAEM) in rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods In the experimental study, the rats were randomly divided into four groups of five rats in each and fed with high-fat diet for 12 weeks as follows: One group (normal diet group) was fed with a standard diet, one group was fed with HFD, and two groups were fed with HFD and orally fed with 150 and 450 mg/kg/day HAEM. The serum samples and liver tissues were used for measuring the biochemical and oxidative parameters and histopathological studies. HFD induced hepatosteatosis in rats as evidenced by the altered liver enzymes activity, serum lipid profile and oxidative status. Results Serum lipid profile (triglyceride, cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein) in rats fed with HFD + HAEM (150 and 450 mg/kg/day) was significantly decreased. Furthermore, the evaluation of oxidative stress showed a reduction of the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and an increase in ferric-reducing anti-oxidant power. Meanwhile, liver enzyme activities declined in response to HAEM. Conclusion Using the HAEM could be a future therapeutic agent in treating hepatosteatosis and reducing oxidative damages of HFD in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolmomen Ghaeni Pasavei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Mohebbati
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nadia Boroumand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azar Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shirin Taraz Jamshidi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Kumar A, Pathak R, Palfrey HA, Stone KP, Gettys TW, Murthy SN. High levels of dietary methionine improves sitagliptin-induced hepatotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemic rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:2. [PMID: 31921324 PMCID: PMC6945706 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Both cholesterol (Cho) and methionine (Met, a precursor for homocysteine) are risk factors for fatty liver disease. Since Western diets are rich in Cho and Met, we investigated the hepatic effects of feeding a diet enriched in Met and Cho. Further, based on the reported anti-oxidative and lipid lowering properties of sitagliptin (an antidiabetic drug), we tested whether it could counteract the negative effects of high Cho and Met. We therefore hypothesized that sitagliptin would ameliorate the development of liver pathology that is produced by feeding diets rich in either Cho, Met, or both. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed ad libitum a) control diet, or b) high Met or c) high Cho, or d) high Met + high Cho diets for 35 days. From day 10 to 35, 50% of rats in each dietary group were gavaged with either vehicle or an aqueous suspension of sitagliptin (100 mg/kg/day). Liver samples were harvested for histological, molecular, and biochemical analyses. Results The high Cho diet produced significant hepatic steatosis which was unaffected by sitagliptin. Contrary to expectation, sitagliptin exacerbated expression of hepatic markers of oxidative stress and fibrosis in rats fed high Cho. Corresponding increases in 4-hydroxynonenal adducts and collagen deposition were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and sirius red staining. These hepatic changes were absent in rats on the high Met diet and they were comparable to controls. The inclusion of Met in the high Cho diet resulted in significant reduction of the hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, and fibrosis produced by high Cho alone. Conclusion Sitagliptin exacerbated the effects of high Cho on both oxidative stress and fibrosis, resulting in NASH like symptoms that were significantly reversed by the inclusion of Met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar
- 1Environmental Toxicology Department, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA
| | - Rashmi Pathak
- 1Environmental Toxicology Department, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA
| | - Henry A Palfrey
- 1Environmental Toxicology Department, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA
| | - Kirsten P Stone
- 2Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - Thomas W Gettys
- 2Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - Subramanyam N Murthy
- 1Environmental Toxicology Department, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA
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The relationship between dietary antioxidant intake and physical activity rate with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A case - Control study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019; 34:45-49. [PMID: 31677710 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although dietary intakes, especially micronutrients, can be associated with the severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), investigations on the amount of vitamins and antioxidants consumption and their relationship with NAFLD are very limited and incomplete. Therefore, we decided to investigate the relationship between antioxidant compounds intake and physical activity rate with NAFLD. METHODS In this study, 200 patients with NAFLD for the case group and 400 healthy subjects for the control group were selected. Patients were diagnosed as NAFLD after giving blood tests and performing Ultrasonography by a radiology specialist. Dietary intakes were evaluated through a validated 168-items semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Physical activity rate was estimated by a validated short form of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (Short IPAQ). RESULTS The study population was between 20 and 60 years old and 46% of them were women. Weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, WHR, and BMI in the cases were higher than the controls. Physical activity comparisons showed that controls had higher physical activity rate than cases. Mean consumption of vitamins C, A, D and alpha-tocopherol in case group was less than the other group. After adjustment for all potential confounder, subjects who were in highest tertile of vitamin A intake -in comparison to those in the lowest tertile of intake-decreased risk of NAFLD (OR = 0.40, 95%CI: 0.30-0.55). The same finding was obtained for vitamin D; [Top category vs. bottom category of vitamin D of intake (OR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.20-0.61)]. CONCLUSIONS We found that more intakes of vitamins A and D are related to lower risk of NAFLD in this group of Iranian adults. Physical activity rate in cases was less than the controls. Further prospective studies are required to confirm causal association between antioxidant compounds intake and NAFLD.
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Yang Z, Wu J, Li X, Xie D, Wang Y, Yang T. Association between dietary iron intake and the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17613. [PMID: 31651873 PMCID: PMC6824640 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to test the association between dietary iron intake and the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a large sample of middle-aged and elderly Chinese population.The data included in this analysis were collected from a population-based cross-sectional study, that is, the Xiangya Hospital Health Management Center Study. Dietary iron intake was assessed using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The relationship between dietary iron intake and the prevalence of NAFLD was examined using logistic and spline regressions.A cross-sectional study including 5445 subjects was conducted. The prevalence of NAFLD was 36.9%. Compared with the lowest quintile, the energy-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of NAFLD were 1.33 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-1.64), 1.80 (95% CI: 1.41-2.29) and 2.11 (95% CI: 1.60-2.80) in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th quintile of iron intake, respectively (P-value for trend <.001). In addition, dietary iron intake was positively associated with the OR of NAFLD in a dose-response relationship manner (test for trend P < .001). However, after stratifying the data by gender, such association only remained in the male, but not in the female population. With adjustment of additional potential confounders, the results did not change materially.Subjects with higher dietary iron intake were subject to a higher prevalence of NAFLD in a dose-response relationship manner. However, such association probably only exists in males, but not in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury
| | - Dongxing Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yilun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tubao Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University
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Wu J, Zeng C, Yang Z, Li X, Lei G, Xie D, Wang Y, Wei J, Yang T. Association Between Dietary Selenium Intake and the Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 39:103-111. [PMID: 31157605 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1613271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The aim was to examine the association between dietary selenium intake and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a large group of middle-aged and elderly Chinese persons.Method: The data included in this analysis were from a population-based study, the Xiangya Hospital Health Management Center Study. NAFLD was diagnosed by (1) imaging or histological evidence of hepatic steatosis; (2) absence of specific etiologies of NAFLD; and (3) no heavy consumption of alcohol. Dietary selenium intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The association between dietary selenium intake and the prevalence of NAFLD was evaluated using logistic and spline regression in a cross-sectional study of 5436 subjects.Results: The prevalence of NAFLD was 36.8%. Compared with the lowest quintile, the energy-adjusted odds ratios for NAFLD were 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.52), 1.30 (95% CI, 1.09-1.55), and 1.58 (95% CI, 1.33-1.89) for the third, fourth, and fifth quintiles of selenium intake, respectively, and there was a positive dose-response relationship (r = 0.88, p for trend = 0.008). Similar results were observed for men and women separately. The findings were not materially altered by adjustment for potential confounders (i.e., age, gender, body mass index, smoking status, diabetes, hypertension, activity level, nutritional supplements, energy intake, fat intake, fiber intake, cholesterol and saturated fatty acid intake).Conclusions: In this middle-aged and elderly population, subjects with higher dietary selenium intake, even below the recommended nutrient intake in China, had higher prevalence of NAFLD in a dose-response relationship manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Zeng
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zidan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guanghua Lei
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Centre of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dongxing Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yilun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Health Management Centre, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tubao Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Chenxu G, Minxuan X, Yuting Q, Tingting G, Jing F, Jinxiao L, Sujun W, Yongjie M, Deshuai L, Qiang L, Linfeng H, Xuyuan N, Mingxing W, Ping H, Jun T. Loss of RIP3 initiates annihilation of high-fat diet initialized nonalcoholic hepatosteatosis: A mechanism involving Toll-like receptor 4 and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:23-41. [PMID: 30599260 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent and complex disease that confers a high risk of severe liver disorders. Although such public and clinical health importance, very few effective therapies are presently available for NAFLD. Here, we showed that receptor-interacting kinase-3 (RIP3) was up-regulated in liver of mouse with hepatic steatosis induced by high fat diet (HFD). After 16 weeks on a HFD, obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, hepatic steatosis, inflammatory response and oxidative stress were significantly alleviated in liver of mice with the loss of RIP3. We provided mechanistic evidence that RIP3 knockdown attenuated hepatic dyslipidemia through preventing the expression of lipogenesis-associated genes. Furthermore, in the absence of RIP3, the transcription factor of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway activated by HFD was blocked, accompanied with the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome. We also found that RIP3 knockdown-induced activation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf-2/HO-1) led to the inhibition of oxidative stress. The detrimental effects of RIP3 on hepatic steatosis and related pathologies were confirmed in palmitate (PAL)-treated mouse liver cells. Of note, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or PAL-activated TLR-4 resulted in the up-regulation of RIP3 that was accompanied by the elevated inflammation and lipid deposition, and these effects were reversed in TLR-4 knockdown cells. Furthermore, promoting Nrf-2 pathway activation effectively reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and RIP3 expression in PAL-stimulated cells, consequently leading to the suppression of cellular inflammation and lipid accumulation. In contrast, blocking Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling abrogated RIP3 knockdown-reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory response and lipid deposition in PAL-stimulated cells. Taken together, the present study helped to elucidate how HFD-induced hepatic steatosis was regulated by RIP3, via the TLR-4/NF-κB and Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Chenxu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Xu Minxuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China.
| | - Qin Yuting
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Gu Tingting
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Feng Jing
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Lv Jinxiao
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Wang Sujun
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, PR China
| | - Ma Yongjie
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, PR China
| | - Lou Deshuai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Li Qiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Hu Linfeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Nie Xuyuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Wang Mingxing
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, PR China
| | - Huang Ping
- Department Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, PR China
| | - Tan Jun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China.
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Erdal M, Altunkaynak BZ, Kocaman A, Alkan I, Öztas E. The role of HMGB1 in liver inflammation in obese rats. Biotech Histochem 2019; 94:449-458. [PMID: 30916587 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2019.1589573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease that is characterized by increased body fat owing to imbalance between consumed and expended energy. Inflammation generally is accompanied by accumulation of excess lipid in adipose tissue and liver. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) participates in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. We investigated the relation of the number of HMGB1 positive cells to body mass index (BMI), liver inflammation and the number of Kupffer cells. We divided 18 female Wistar albino rats into two groups: group 1, untreated control fed normal commercial rat diet and group 2, obese rats fed a special diet containing 40% fat. The plasma concentrations of cholesterol, glucose, superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) and catalase activities were measured for all animals. The numbers of hepatocytes, Kupffer cells and HMGB1 positive cells were counted using stereological methods. The mean numbers of Kupffer cells and HMGB1 positive cells were higher for group 2 than for group 1. The concentrations of plasma cholesterol and glucose levels also were higher in group 2. Plasma levels of SOD and catalase were significantly lower in group 2 compared to group 1. The number of HMGB1 cells was related directly to BMI and inflammation. The role of HMGB1 was demonstrated for the liver of the obese group. We demonstrated the relations among HMGB1, BMI, obesity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Erdal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Gulhane Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - B Z Altunkaynak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Istanbul Okan University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - A Kocaman
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Ondokuz Mayis University , Samsun , Turkey
| | - I Alkan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Ondokuz Mayis University , Samsun , Turkey
| | - E Öztas
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Gulhane Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
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Gheflati A, Adelnia E, Nadjarzadeh A. The clinical effects of purslane (
Portulaca oleracea
) seeds on metabolic profiles in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1501-1509. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Gheflati
- Nutrition and Food Security Research CenterShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
| | - Elham Adelnia
- Nutrition and Food Security Research CenterShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
| | - Azadeh Nadjarzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research CenterShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
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Szanto KB, Li J, Cordero P, Oben JA. Ethnic differences and heterogeneity in genetic and metabolic makeup contributing to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:357-367. [PMID: 30936733 PMCID: PMC6430068 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s182331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the most prevalent noncommunicable disease in the 21st century, associated with triglyceride deposition in hepatocytes leading to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is now present in around a third of the world's population. Epidemiological studies have concluded that ethnicity plays a role in complications and treatment response. However, definitive correlations of ethnicity with NAFLD are thoroughly under-reported. A comprehensive review was conducted on ethnic variation in NAFLD patients and its potential role as a crucial effector in complications and treatment response. The highest NAFLD prevalence is observed in Hispanic populations, exhibiting a worse disease progression. In contrast, African-Caribbeans exhibit the lowest risk, with less severe steatosis and inflammation, lower levels of triglycerides, and less metabolic derangement, but conversely higher prevalence of insulin resistance. The prevalence of NAFLD in Asian cohorts is under-reported, although reaching epidemic proportions in these populations. The most well-documented NAFLD patient population is that of Caucasian ethnicity, especially from the US. The relative paucity of available literature suggests there is a vital need for more large-scale multi-ethnic clinical cohort studies to determine the incidence of NAFLD within ethnic groups. This would improve therapy and drug development, as well as help identify candidate gene mutations which may differ within the population based on ethnic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina B Szanto
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK,
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK,
| | - Jiawei Li
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK,
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Cordero
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK,
| | - Jude A Oben
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK,
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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The role of macrophages in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 16:145-159. [PMID: 30482910 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-018-0082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 530] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its inflammatory and often progressive subtype nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are becoming the leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, and a primary indication for liver transplantation. The pathophysiology of NASH is multifactorial and not yet completely understood; however, innate immunity is a major contributing factor in which liver-resident macrophages (Kupffer cells) and recruited macrophages play a central part in disease progression. In this Review, we assess the evidence for macrophage involvement in the development of steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in NASH. In this process, not only the polarization of liver macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype is important, but adipose tissue macrophages, especially in the visceral compartment, also contribute to disease severity and insulin resistance. Macrophage activation is mediated by factors such as endotoxins and translocated bacteria owing to increased intestinal permeability, factors released from damaged or lipoapoptotic hepatocytes, as well as alterations in gut microbiota and defined nutritional components, including certain free fatty acids, cholesterol and their metabolites. Reflecting the important role of macrophages in NASH, we also review studies investigating drugs that target macrophage recruitment to the liver, macrophage polarization and their inflammatory effects as potential treatment options for patients with NASH.
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Associations of Oxidative Stress and Postoperative Outcome in Liver Surgery with an Outlook to Future Potential Therapeutic Options. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3950818. [PMID: 30906502 PMCID: PMC6393879 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3950818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several types of surgical procedures have shown to elicit an inflammatory stress response, leading to substantial cytokine production and formation of oxygen-based or nitrogen-based free radicals. Chronic liver diseases including cancers are almost always characterized by increased oxidative stress, in which hepatic surgery is likely to potentiate at least in the short term and hereby furthermore impair the hepatic redox state. During liver resection, intermittent inflow occlusion is commonly applied to prevent excessive blood loss but resulting ischemia and reperfusion of the liver have been linked to increased oxidative stress, leading to impairment of cell functions and subsequent cell death. In the field of liver transplantation, ischemia/reperfusion injury has extensively been investigated in the last decades and has recently been in the scientific focus again due to increased use of marginal donor organs and new machine perfusion concepts. Therefore, given the intriguing role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases and in the perioperative setting, the interest for a therapeutic antioxidative agent has been present for several years. This review is aimed at giving an introduction to oxidative stress in surgical procedures in general and then examines the role of oxidative stress in liver surgery in particular, discussing both transplantation and resection. Results from studies in the animal and human settings are included. Finally, potential therapeutic agents that might be beneficial in reducing the burden of oxidative stress in hepatic diseases and during surgery are presented. While there is compelling evidence from animal models and a limited number of clinical studies showing that oxidative stress plays a major role in both liver resection and transplantation and several recent studies have suggested a potential for antioxidative treatment in chronic liver disease (e.g., steatosis), the search for effective antioxidants in the field of liver surgery is still ongoing.
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Jha D, Mitra Mazumder P. High fat diet administration leads to the mitochondrial dysfunction and selectively alters the expression of class 1 GLUT protein in mice. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:1727-1736. [PMID: 30725350 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is an agglomeration of disorders including obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases and characterized as chronic mild inflammation which elevates the circulatory inflammatory markers. This could be due to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and hypoxia as a consequence of high fat diet (HFD) intake. The present study focuses on the effects of HFD on lactate and mitochondrial metabolism as well as tissue dependent changes in glucose transporter (GLUT) expression in liver, skeletal muscles and adipose tissue of mouse. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and mitochondrial dysfunction established the link between the occurrences of metabolic stress due to HFD. In this work, it was observed that chronic HFD administration aggravated the metabolic alterations by causing reduced ATP production, imbalanced oxidative stress and altered class 1 GLUTs expression. Chronic HFD significantly reduced (p < 0.001) the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities alongside elevated liver injury markers AST and ALT. This in turn causes decreased ATP/ADP ratio, mitochondrial dysfunction and exacerbated LDH levels. This imbalance further led to altered GLUT expression in hepatic cells, adipose tissue and skeletal muscles. HFD significantly (p < 0.001) upregulated the GLUT 1 and 3 expressions while significant downregulated (p < 0.001) GLUT 2 and 4 expression in liver, skeletal muscles and white adipose tissue. These results revealed the link between class 1 GLUTs, mitochondrial dysfunction and HFD-induced metabolic disorder. It can be concluded that HFD impacts mitochondrial metabolism and reprograms tissue-dependent glucose transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Jha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India.
| | - Papiya Mitra Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
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Liepelt A, Wehr A, Kohlhepp M, Mossanen JC, Kreggenwinkel K, Denecke B, Costa IG, Luedde T, Trautwein C, Tacke F. CXCR6 protects from inflammation and fibrosis in NEMOLPC-KO mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:391-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ore A, Akinloye OA. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Biomarkers in Clinical and Experimental Models of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55020026. [PMID: 30682878 PMCID: PMC6410206 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a term that covers a range of hepatic disorders involving fat deposits in the liver. NAFLD begins with simple steatosis and progresses into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) characterised by inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction and release of adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Oxidative stress and antioxidants are known to play a vital role in the pathogenesis and severity of NAFLD/NASH. A number of oxidative stress and antioxidant markers are employed in the assessment of the pathological state and progression of the disease. In this article, we review several biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidants that have been measured at clinical and experimental levels. Also included is a comprehensive description of oxidative stress, sources and contribution to the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayokanmi Ore
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria.
| | - Oluseyi Adeboye Akinloye
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
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Trotta E, Bortolotti S, Fugazzotto G, Gellera C, Montagnese S, Amodio P. Familial vitamin E deficiency: Multiorgan complications support the adverse role of oxidative stress. Nutrition 2018; 63-64:57-60. [PMID: 30933726 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E is an essential micronutrient with relevant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties found in plant leaves, seeds, and products derived from their processing. Familial vitamin E deficiency is a rare inherited syndrome characterized by ataxia and peripheral neuropathy with a massive decrease in plasma vitamin E (<0.5 mg/dL). This report describes the history of two siblings suffering from ataxia with vitamin E deficiency who developed premature systemic disorders (atherosclerotic vascular disease, ischemic heart disease, and liver steatosis) in absence of relevant risk factors. The association of neuromuscular symptoms and multiorgan involvement in patients with ataxia with vitamin E deficiency has not been reported to our knowledge. The lack of an effective vitamin E activity seems to be implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and other diseases in which oxidative stress is a risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Trotta
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Cinzia Gellera
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Piero Amodio
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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45
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Ipsen DH, Rolin B, Rakipovski G, Skovsted GF, Madsen A, Kolstrup S, Schou-Pedersen AM, Skat-Rørdam J, Lykkesfeldt J, Tveden-Nyborg P. Liraglutide Decreases Hepatic Inflammation and Injury in Advanced Lean Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 123:704-713. [PMID: 29953740 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although commonly associated with obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is also present in the lean population representing a unique disease phenotype. Affecting 25% of the world's population, NAFLD is associated with increased mortality especially when progressed to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, no approved pharmacological treatments exist. Current research focuses mainly on NASH associated with obesity, leaving the effectiveness of promising treatments in lean NASH virtually unknown. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the effect of liraglutide (glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue) and dietary intervention, alone and in combination, in guinea pigs with non-obese NASH. After 20 weeks of high-fat feeding (20% fat, 15% sucrose, 0.35% cholesterol), 40 female guinea pigs were block-randomized based on weight into four groups receiving one of four treatments for 4 weeks: continued high-fat diet (HF, control), high-fat diet and liraglutide treatment (HFL), chow diet (4% fat, 0% sucrose, 0% cholesterol; HFC) or chow diet and liraglutide treatment (HFCL). High-fat feeding induced NASH with severe fibrosis. Liraglutide decreased inflammation (p < 0.05) and hepatocyte ballooning (p < 0.05), while increasing hepatic α-tocopherol (p = 0.0154). Dietary intervention did not improve liver histopathology significantly, but decreased liver weight (p = 0.004), plasma total cholesterol (p = 0.0175), LDL-cholesterol (p = 0.0063), VLDL-cholesterol (p = 0.0034), hepatic cholesterol (p < 0.0001) and increased hepatic vitamin C (p = 0.0099). Combined liraglutide and dietary intervention induced a rapid weight loss, necessitating periodical liraglutide dose adjustment/discontinuation, limiting the strength of the findings from this group. Collectively, this pre-clinical study supports the beneficial effect of liraglutide on NASH and extends this notion to lean NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Ipsen
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Bidda Rolin
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Günaj Rakipovski
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Gry F Skovsted
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Anette Madsen
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Stefanie Kolstrup
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Schou-Pedersen
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Josephine Skat-Rørdam
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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46
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Mardinoglu A, Wu H, Bjornson E, Zhang C, Hakkarainen A, Räsänen SM, Lee S, Mancina RM, Bergentall M, Pietiläinen KH, Söderlund S, Matikainen N, Ståhlman M, Bergh PO, Adiels M, Piening BD, Granér M, Lundbom N, Williams KJ, Romeo S, Nielsen J, Snyder M, Uhlén M, Bergström G, Perkins R, Marschall HU, Bäckhed F, Taskinen MR, Borén J. An Integrated Understanding of the Rapid Metabolic Benefits of a Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet on Hepatic Steatosis in Humans. Cell Metab 2018; 27:559-571.e5. [PMID: 29456073 PMCID: PMC6706084 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A carbohydrate-restricted diet is a widely recommended intervention for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but a systematic perspective on the multiple benefits of this diet is lacking. Here, we performed a short-term intervention with an isocaloric low-carbohydrate diet with increased protein content in obese subjects with NAFLD and characterized the resulting alterations in metabolism and the gut microbiota using a multi-omics approach. We observed rapid and dramatic reductions of liver fat and other cardiometabolic risk factors paralleled by (1) marked decreases in hepatic de novo lipogenesis; (2) large increases in serum β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations, reflecting increased mitochondrial β-oxidation; and (3) rapid increases in folate-producing Streptococcus and serum folate concentrations. Liver transcriptomic analysis on biopsy samples from a second cohort revealed downregulation of the fatty acid synthesis pathway and upregulation of folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism and fatty acid oxidation pathways. Our results highlight the potential of exploring diet-microbiota interactions for treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elias Bjornson
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antti Hakkarainen
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari M Räsänen
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki and Department of Internal Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sunjae Lee
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rosellina M Mancina
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Bergentall
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki and Department of Internal Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanni Söderlund
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki and Department of Internal Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Matikainen
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki and Department of Internal Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marcus Ståhlman
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Bergh
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Adiels
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Brian D Piening
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marit Granér
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki and Department of Internal Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Lundbom
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kevin J Williams
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Bergström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rosie Perkins
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki and Department of Internal Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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47
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Lee KC, Teng CC, Shen CH, Huang WS, Lu CC, Kuo HC, Tung SY. Protective effect of black garlic extracts on tert-Butyl hydroperoxide-induced injury in hepatocytes via a c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent mechanism. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:2468-2474. [PMID: 29456651 PMCID: PMC5795537 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Black garlic has been reported to show multiple bioactivities against the development of different diseases. In the present study, the hepatoprotective effect of black garlic on injured liver cells was investigated. Rat clone-9 hepatocytes were used for all experiments; tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) was used to induce injury of rat clone-9 hepatocytes. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH); anti-oxidative enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx); and mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in rat clone-9 hepatocytes were determined to evaluate the level of cell damage. Black garlic extracts were demonstrated to significantly attenuate tBHP-induced cell death of rat clone-9 hepatocytes (P<0.05). Pretreatment with black garlic extracts antagonized GSH depletion, tBHP-increased MDA accumulation and the mRNA expression level of IL-6/IL-8, and tBHP-decreased antioxidative enzyme activities (all P<0.05). Moreover, the present study revealed that c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling regulated black garlic-inhibited tBHP effects in rat clone-9 hepatocytes. Our findings demonstrate that black garlic has the hepatoprotective potential to block tBHP-damaged effects on cell death, lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and inflammation in rat clone-9 hepatocytes. Thus, the present study indicates that black garlic may be an excellent natural candidate in the development of adjuvant therapy and healthy foods for liver protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Chao Lee
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Chuan Teng
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 613, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Heng Shen
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Shih Huang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi, Chiayi 613, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Chang Lu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsing-Chun Kuo
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, CGUST, Chiayi 613, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shui-Yi Tung
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
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48
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Glycine Increases Insulin Sensitivity and Glutathione Biosynthesis and Protects against Oxidative Stress in a Model of Sucrose-Induced Insulin Resistance. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2101562. [PMID: 29675131 PMCID: PMC5841105 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2101562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and redox status play a central role in the link between insulin resistance (IR) and lipotoxicity in metabolic syndrome. This mechanistic link may involve alterations in the glutathione redox state. We examined the effect of glycine supplementation to diet on glutathione biosynthesis, oxidative stress, IR, and insulin cell signaling in liver from sucrose-fed (SF) rats characterized by IR and oxidative stress. Our hypothesis is that the correction of glutathione levels by glycine treatment leads to reduced oxidative stress, a mechanism associated with improved insulin signaling and IR. Glycine treatment decreases the levels of oxidative stress markers in liver from SF rats and increases the concentrations of glutathione (GSH) and γ-glutamylcysteine and the amount of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS), a key enzyme of GSH biosynthesis in liver from SF rats. In liver from SF rats, glycine also decreases the insulin-induced phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (ISR-1) in serine residue and increases the phosphorylation of insulin receptor β-subunit (IR-β) in tyrosine residue. Thus, supplementing diets with glycine to correct GSH deficiency and to reduce oxidative stress provides significant metabolic benefits to SF rats by improving insulin sensitivity.
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49
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Suriano F, Neyrinck AM, Verspreet J, Olivares M, Leclercq S, Van de Wiele T, Courtin CM, Cani PD, Bindels LB, Delzenne NM. Particle size determines the anti-inflammatory effect of wheat bran in a model of fructose over-consumption: Implication of the gut microbiota. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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50
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Chien Y, Huang CS, Lin HC, Lu KH, Tsai PH, Lai YH, Chen KH, Lee SD, Huang YH, Wang CY. Improvement of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by hepatocyte-like cells generated from iPSCs with Oct4/Sox2/Klf4/Parp1. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18594-18606. [PMID: 29719629 PMCID: PMC5915096 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is usually increased with age. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a serious form of NAFLD, may lead to cirrhosis and end-stage liver diseases. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold promising potential in personalized medicine. Although obviation of c-Myc reduces tumorigenic risk, it also largely reduced the generation of iPSCs. Recently, Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (Parp1) has been reported to enhance cell reprogramming. In this study, we demonstrated that forced expression of Oct4/Sox2/Klf4/Parp1 (OSKP) effectively promoted iPSC generation from senescent somatic cells from 18-month-old mouse. The iPSCs presented regular pluripotent properties, ability to form smaller teratoma with smaller size, and the potential for tridermal differentiation including hepatocyte-like cells (OSKP-iPSC-Heps). Resembled to fetal hepatocytes but not senescent hepatocytes, these OSKP-iPSC-Heps possessed antioxidant ability and were resistant to oxidative insult induced by H2O2 or exogenous fatty acid. Intrasplenic transplantation of OSKP-iPSC-Heps ameliorated the triglyceride over-accumulation and hepatitis, prevented the production of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative substances, and reduced apoptotic cells in methionine/choline-deficient diet (MCDD)-fed mice. In conclusion, we demonstrated that Parp-1 promoted iPSC generation from senescent cells, which can be used for the treatment of NASH after hepatic-specific differentiation. These findings indicated that patient-derived iPSC-Heps may offer an alternative option for treatment of NASH and NASH-associated end-stage liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh Chien
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Shuan Huang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Chi Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kai-Hsi Lu
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ping-Hsing Tsai
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Hsiu Lai
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuan-Hsuan Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shou-Dong Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Hsiang Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Ying Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Division of Trauma, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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