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He L, Zhao L, Li Q, Huang L, Qin Y, Zhuang Z, Wang X, Huang H, Zhang J, Zhang J, Yan Q. Pseudomonas plecoglossicida fliP gene affects the immune response of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂ to infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:108971. [PMID: 37481102 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is a pathogen that causes visceral white spot disease in a variety of teleosts. The protein encoded by fliP gene is involved in the assembly of bacterial flagella, which plays a vital role in bacterial pathogenicity. However, the roles of the fliP gene on the host immune response remain unclear. Here, we compared the pathogenicity of fliP gene-deleted (ΔfliP) strain, fliP gene-complemented (C-ΔfliP) strain and wild-type (NZBD9) strain of P. plecoglossicida to hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂), and explored the impacts of fliP gene on the immune response of hybrid grouper to P. plecoglossicida infection by using RNA-seq. In this study, the grouper in the ΔfliP strain-infected group had a 30% higher survival rate than those in the NZBD9 strain-infected group. In addition, the deletion of fliP gene decreased bacterial load in the spleen, intestine, liver as well as head kidney of hybrid grouper and the tissues damage were weakened. Moreover, the infection of hybrid grouper spleen by the ΔfliP strain induced 1,189 differential expression genes compared with the counterpart infected by NZBD9 strain. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that 9 immune-related pathways, 5 signal transduction pathways, and 3 signaling molecules and interaction pathways were significantly enriched. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the ΔfliP strain mainly up-regulated the expression of inflammation related genes (IL-6, IL-12, IL-1β, IL-10, CXCL8, CXCL10) and immune regulation related genes (TLR2, P65, MyD88, P85, AKT), but down-regulated the expression of cell death related genes (FoxO1, Bim, PLK2 and LDHA) during infection. Based on the above results, fliP gene contributed to the pathogenicity of P. plecoglossicida to hybrid grouper (E. fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂), deletion of fliP gene promoted the inflammation and immune response of hybrid grouper to P. plecoglossicida infection, which accelerating host clearance of pathogen and reducing tissue damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Lingmin Zhao
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Qi Li
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Lixing Huang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Yingxue Qin
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Zhixia Zhuang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China
| | - Xiaoru Wang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China
| | - Huabin Huang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China
| | - Jiaonan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Feed for Fujian, Fujian Tianma Technology Company Limited, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350308, China
| | - Jiaolin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Feed for Fujian, Fujian Tianma Technology Company Limited, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350308, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China.
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Mechanism Repositioning Based on Integrative Pharmacology: Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Safflower in Myocardial Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065313. [PMID: 36982389 PMCID: PMC10048972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius. L) possesses anti-tumor, anti-thrombotic, anti-oxidative, immunoregulatory, and cardio-cerebral protective effects. It is used clinically for the treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular disease in China. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of action of safflower extract on myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (MIR) injury in a left anterior descending (LAD)-ligated model based on integrative pharmacology study and ultra-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight-tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). Safflower (62.5, 125, 250 mg/kg) was administered immediately before reperfusion. Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC)/Evans blue, echocardiography, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ability, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were determined after 24 h of reperfusion. Chemical components were obtained using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to analyze mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Safflower dose-dependently reduced myocardial infarct size, improved cardiac function, decreased LDH levels, and increased SOD levels in C57/BL6 mice. A total of 11 key components and 31 hub targets were filtered based on the network analysis. Comprehensive analysis indicated that safflower alleviated inflammatory effects by downregulating the expression of NFκB1, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-18, TNFα, and MCP-1 and upregulating NFκBia, and markedly increased the expression of phosphorylated PI3K, AKT, PKC, and ERK/2, HIF1α, VEGFA, and BCL2, and decreased the level of BAX and phosphorylated p65. Safflower shows a significant cardioprotective effect by activating multiple inflammation-related signaling pathways, including the NFκB, HIF-1α, MAPK, TNF, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. These findings provide valuable insights into the clinical applications of safflower.
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Gao C, Gao S, Zhao X, Wang F, Wang H, Bian H, Qiang S, Wang X. Effects of dezocine on neuronal apoptosis induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Minerva Med 2023; 114:130-132. [PMID: 33263374 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.20.07162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan, China -
| | - Shengrun Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan, China
| | - Huixia Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan, China
| | - Hongchun Bian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan, China
| | - Song Qiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan, China
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Bhagat A, Shrestha P, Kleinerman ES. The Innate Immune System in Cardiovascular Diseases and Its Role in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314649. [PMID: 36498974 PMCID: PMC9739741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells are the early responders to infection and tissue damage. They play a critical role in the initiation and resolution of inflammation in response to insult as well as tissue repair. Following ischemic or non-ischemic cardiac injury, a strong inflammatory response plays a critical role in the removal of cell debris and tissue remodeling. However, persistent inflammation could be detrimental to the heart. Studies suggest that cardiac inflammation and tissue repair needs to be tightly regulated such that the timely resolution of the inflammation may prevent adverse cardiac damage. This involves the recognition of damage; activation and release of soluble mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, and proteases; and immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. This is important in the context of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity as well. Doxorubicin (Dox) is an effective chemotherapy against multiple cancers but at the cost of cardiotoxicity. The innate immune system has emerged as a contributor to exacerbate the disease. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the role of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and dox-induced cardiotoxicity and provide potential therapeutic targets to alleviate the damage.
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TLR4-SIRT3 Mechanism Modulates Mitochondrial and Redox Homeostasis and Promotes EPCs Recruitment and Survival. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1282362. [PMID: 35832490 PMCID: PMC9273456 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1282362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The low survival rate of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in vivo which are susceptible to adverse microenvironments including inflammation and oxidative stress has become one primary challenge of EPCs transplantation for regenerative therapy. Recent studies reported functional expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 on EPCs and dose-dependent effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on cellular oxidative stress and angiogenic properties. However, the involved mechanism has not yet been elucidated well, and the influence of TLR4 signaling on EPCs survival and function in vivo is unknown. In the present study, we observed the effects of LPS and TLR4/SIRT3 on EPCs mitochondrial permeability and intracellular mitochondrial superoxide. We employed the monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arteriolar injury model to observe the effects of TLR4/SIRT3 on the recruitment and survival of transplanted EPCs. We found the destructive effects of 10 μg/mL LPS on mitochondrial homeostasis, and cellular viability was mediated by TLR4/SIRT3 signals at least partially, and the TLR4 mediates the early-stage recruitment of transplanted EPCs in pulmonary arteriolar inflammation injury; however, SIRT3 has more contribution to the survival of incorporated EPCs and ameliorated arteriolar remodeling in lung vascular tissue. The study provides insights for the critical role of TLR4/SIRT3 in LPS-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial disorder in EPCs in vitro and in vivo. The TLR4/SIRT3 signaling is important for EPCs resistance against inflammation and oxidative stress and may represent a new manipulating target for developing efficient cell therapy strategy.
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Xia L, Wang X, Yao W, Wang M, Zhu J. Lipopolysaccharide increases exosomes secretion from endothelial progenitor cells by toll-like receptor 4 dependent mechanism. Biol Cell 2022; 114:127-137. [PMID: 35235701 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can exert angiogenic effects by a paracrine mechanism, where exosomes work as an important mediator. Recent studies reported functional expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 on human EPCs and dose-dependent effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on EPC angiogenic properties. To study on the effects of TLR4/LPS signaling on EPC-derived exosomes (Exo) and involved mechanisms, we investigated the effect of LPS on exosomes secretion from human EPC and tested Exo functions by senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS) related H2 DCF-DA assay. To clarify the mechanism, we examined the changes in intracellular calcium levels and multivesicular bodies (MVBs) development in EPC. We employed the inhibitors of the plasma membrane Ca 2+ -ATPase (PMCA), endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase (ERCA), PLC-IP3 pathway and store-operated calcium entry to assess the effects of LPS on calcium signalings which critical for exosome secretion. LPS induced the release of Exo in a TLR4-dependent manner in vitro, which effect can be partly abrogated by the membrane-permeable IP 3 R antagonist, 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB), but not PLC inhibitor, U-73122. The LPS can significantly delay the fallback of [Ca 2+ ]i after isolating the cellular PMCA activity, and disturb PMCA 1/4 expression. The distribution of elevated intracellular calcium seemed coincident with the development of MVBs. Furthermore, the LPS-induced Exo maintained valid anti-oxidation/senescence properties. The PMCA and ER Ca 2+ release mechanism may contribute to the pro-exosomal effects of LPS on EPC, which is valuable for potential pro-regenerative application in future. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xia
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaotian Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weidong Yao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meihui Wang
- Biomedical Research (Therapy) Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junhui Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Yin X, Wang X, Wang S, Xia Y, Chen H, Yin L, Hu K. Screening for Regulatory Network of miRNA–Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Prognosis-Related mRNA in Acute Myocardial Infarction: An in silico and Validation Study. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:1715-1731. [PMID: 35210840 PMCID: PMC8863347 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s354359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which commonly leads to heart failure, is among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The aim of this study was to find potential regulatory network for miRNA-inflammation, oxidative stress and prognosis-related mRNA to uncover molecular mechanisms of AMI. Methods The expression profiles of miRNA and mRNA in the blood samples from AMI patients were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset for differential expression analysis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to further identify important mRNAs. The negatively regulatory network construction of miRNA–inflammation, oxidative stress and prognosis-related mRNAs was performed, followed by protein–protein interaction (PPI) and functional analysis of mRNAs. Results A total of three pairs of negatively regulatory network of miRNA–inflammation and prognosis-related mRNAs (hsa-miR-636/hsa-miR-491-3p/hsa-miR-188-5p/hsa-miR-188-3p-AQP9, hsa-miR-518a-3p-C5AR1 and hsa-miR-509-3-5p/hsa-miR-127-5p-PLAUR), two pairs of negatively regulatory network of miRNA–oxidative stress and prognosis-related mRNAs (hsa-miR-604-TLR4 and hsa-miR-139-5p-CXCL1) and three pairs of negatively regulatory network of miRNA-inflammation, oxidative stress and prognosis-related mRNA (hsa-miR-634/hsa-miR-591-TLR2, hsa-miR-938-NFKBIA and hsa-miR-520h/hsa-miR-450b-3p-ADM) were identified. In the KEGG analysis, some signaling pathways were identified, such as complement and coagulation cascades, pathogenic Escherichia coli infection, chemokine signaling pathway and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Conclusion Identified negatively regulatory network of miRNA-inflammation/oxidative stress and prognosis-related mRNA may be involved in the process of AMI. Those inflammation/oxidative stress and prognosis-related mRNAs may be diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunli Yin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Seventh People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Seventh People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiai Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Seventh People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youwei Xia
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Seventh People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huihui Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Seventh People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Yin
- Department of Conduit Room, The Seventh People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keqing Hu
- Cardiovascular Department, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China
- Correspondence: Keqing Hu, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Cardiovascular Department,105#, Jiefang Road, Jinan 250013, Shandong, China, Tel +86 0531-85695114, Fax +86 0531-86942457 Email
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Liu Y, Fan S, Niu F, Liu Y, Liu X, Ren X, Yang Y, Fan G, Dong H, Shen M, Sui H, Fang F, She G. Polyphenol-rich fraction from Thymus quinquecostatus Celak attenuates the myocardial ischemia injury in mice induced by isoproterenol through inhibiting apoptosis, antioxidation and activating PI3K/AKT pathway. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Lim S, Kim JW, Targher G. Links between metabolic syndrome and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:500-514. [PMID: 33975804 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a chronic condition characterized by hepatic fat accumulation combined with underlying metabolic dysregulation. Having evolved from the previous term of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the term MAFLD more closely implicates the presence of overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes, or metabolic dysregulation as essential pathogenic factors, leading to better identification of individuals with this metabolic liver disease. Low-grade inflammation, increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and intestinal dysbiosis are also involved in its pathogenesis. MAFLD is not only associated with liver-related complications, but also with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. Further studies are needed to assess whether the newly proposed definition of MAFLD is more accurate than the NAFLD in predicting the adverse liver-related and extrahepatic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jin-Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Sabet Sarvestani F, Azarpira N, Al-Abdullah IH, Tamaddon AM. microRNAs in liver and kidney ischemia reperfusion injury: insight to improve transplantation outcome. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:110944. [PMID: 33227704 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a condition that occurs wherever blood flow and oxygen is reduced or absent, such as trauma, vascular disease, stroke, and solid organ transplantation. This condition can lead to tissue damage, especially during organ transplantation. Under such circumstances, some signaling pathways are activated, leading to up- or down- regulation of several genes such as microRNAs (miRNAs) that might attenuate or ameliorate this status. Therefore, by manipulating miRNAs level, they can be used as a biomarker for early diagnosis of IRI or suggestive to be therapeutic agents in clinical situation in future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ismail H Al-Abdullah
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, USA.
| | - Ali-Mohammad Tamaddon
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Identification of Key Genes Involved in Acute Myocardial Infarction by Comparative Transcriptome Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1470867. [PMID: 33083450 PMCID: PMC7559508 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1470867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is regarded as an urgent clinical entity, and identification of differentially expressed genes, lncRNAs, and altered pathways shall provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms behind AMI. Materials and Methods Microarray data was collected to identify key genes and lncRNAs involved in AMI pathogenesis. The differential expression analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were employed to identify the upregulated and downregulated genes and pathways in AMI. The protein-protein interaction network and protein-RNA interaction analysis were utilized to reveal key long noncoding RNAs. Results In the present study, we utilized gene expression profiles of circulating endothelial cells (CEC) from 49 patients of AMI and 50 controls and identified a total of 552 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Based on these DEGs, we also observed that inflammatory response-related genes and pathways were highly upregulated in AMI. Mapping the DEGs to the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and identifying the subnetworks, we found that OMD and WDFY3 were the hub nodes of two subnetworks with the highest connectivity, which were found to be involved in circadian rhythm and organ- or tissue-specific immune response. Furthermore, 23 lncRNAs were differentially expressed between AMI and control groups. Specifically, we identified some functional lncRNAs, including XIST and its antisense RNA, TSIX, and three lncRNAs (LINC00528, LINC00936, and LINC01001), which were predicted to be interacting with TLR2 and participate in Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. In addition, we also employed the MMPC algorithm to identify six gene signatures for AMI diagnosis. Particularly, the multivariable SVM model based on the six genes has achieved a satisfying performance (AUC = 0.97). Conclusion In conclusion, we have identified key regulatory lncRNAs implicated in AMI, which not only deepens our understanding of the lncRNA-related molecular mechanism of AMI but also provides computationally predicted regulatory lncRNAs for AMI researchers.
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Pečan P, Hambalkó S, Ha VT, Nagy CT, Pelyhe C, Lainšček D, Kenyeres B, Brenner GB, Görbe A, Kittel Á, Barteková M, Ferdinandy P, Manček-Keber M, Giricz Z. Calcium Ionophore-Induced Extracellular Vesicles Mediate Cytoprotection against Simulated Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Cardiomyocyte-Derived Cell Lines by Inducing Heme Oxygenase 1. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207687. [PMID: 33081396 PMCID: PMC7589052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury is still an unmet clinical need. The transient activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) has been implicated in cardioprotection, which may be achieved by treatment with blood-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, since the isolation of EVs from blood takes considerable effort, the aim of our study was to establish a cellular model from which cardioprotective EVs can be isolated in a well-reproducible manner. EV release was induced in HEK293 cells with calcium ionophore A23187. EVs were characterized and cytoprotection was assessed in H9c2 and AC16 cell lines. Cardioprotection afforded by EVs and its mechanism were investigated after 16 h simulated ischemia and 2 h reperfusion. The induction of HEK293 cells by calcium ionophore resulted in the release of heterogenous populations of EVs. In H9c2 and AC16 cells, stressEVs induced the downstream signaling of TLR4 and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression in H9c2 cells. StressEVs decreased necrosis due to simulated ischemia/reperfusion injury in H9c2 and AC16 cells, which was independent of TLR4 induction, but not that of HO-1. Calcium ionophore-induced EVs exert cytoprotection by inducing HO-1 in a TLR4-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Pečan
- National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (P.P.); (V.T.H.); (D.L.)
- Graduate School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Szabolcs Hambalkó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (S.H.); (C.T.N.); (C.P.); (B.K.); (G.B.B.); (A.G.); (P.F.)
| | - Van Thai Ha
- National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (P.P.); (V.T.H.); (D.L.)
- Graduate School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Csilla T. Nagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (S.H.); (C.T.N.); (C.P.); (B.K.); (G.B.B.); (A.G.); (P.F.)
| | - Csilla Pelyhe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (S.H.); (C.T.N.); (C.P.); (B.K.); (G.B.B.); (A.G.); (P.F.)
| | - Duško Lainšček
- National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (P.P.); (V.T.H.); (D.L.)
- Centre of Excelence EN-FIST, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bence Kenyeres
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (S.H.); (C.T.N.); (C.P.); (B.K.); (G.B.B.); (A.G.); (P.F.)
| | - Gábor B. Brenner
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (S.H.); (C.T.N.); (C.P.); (B.K.); (G.B.B.); (A.G.); (P.F.)
| | - Anikó Görbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (S.H.); (C.T.N.); (C.P.); (B.K.); (G.B.B.); (A.G.); (P.F.)
- Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kittel
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, ELRN, 1083 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Monika Barteková
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (S.H.); (C.T.N.); (C.P.); (B.K.); (G.B.B.); (A.G.); (P.F.)
- Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mateja Manček-Keber
- National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (P.P.); (V.T.H.); (D.L.)
- Centre of Excelence EN-FIST, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: (M.M.-K.); (Z.G.); Tel.: +386-1-476-0393 (M.M.-K.); +36-1-210-4416 (Z.G.)
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (S.H.); (C.T.N.); (C.P.); (B.K.); (G.B.B.); (A.G.); (P.F.)
- Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: (M.M.-K.); (Z.G.); Tel.: +386-1-476-0393 (M.M.-K.); +36-1-210-4416 (Z.G.)
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Abstract
Toll-like receptors are transmembrane proteins which sense and transmit infectious and inflammatory responses to the cells expressing them. Therapeutic strategies for the blockade of excessive Toll-like receptor signaling are being actively pursued for several diseases. Recently, Sparstolonin B, isolated from Chinese herb, which suppresses selectively Toll-like receptors has been studied in various inflammatory models. The objective of this review is to summarize the current literature regarding the use of Sparstolonin B in various in vitro and in vivo studies and to provide an overview regarding the potential use of this agent in different inflammatory diseases. Additionally, the current knowledge regarding the role of Toll-like receptors in inflammatory disease and the usage of various Toll-like receptor antagonists will be summarized. Based on our review, we believe Sparstolonin B could serve as a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of Toll-like receptor-mediated inflammatory disorders.
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14
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Wan R, Jiang J, Hu C, Chen X, Chen C, Zhao B, Hu X, Zheng Z, Li Y. Neutrophil extracellular traps amplify neutrophil recruitment and inflammation in neutrophilic asthma by stimulating the airway epithelial cells to activate the TLR4/ NF-κB pathway and secrete chemokines. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16820-16836. [PMID: 32756014 PMCID: PMC7521522 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophilic asthma (NA) is a distinct airway inflammation disease with prominent neutrophil infiltration. The role played by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in NA, however, is quite unclear. This study was based on the hypothesis that NETs are responsible for the second neutrophil wave and therefore contribute significantly to inflammation. The proinflammatory effects of NETs were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Formation of NETs and neutrophil swarming was seen in a mouse model of NA. Additionally, NETs were found to stimulate airway cells to express CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL8 via the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, which recruits neutrophils to the inflammation site. Furthermore, prevention of NET formation decreased the recruitment of lung neutrophils and hence reduce neutrophilic inflammation. Additionally, the structural integrity of NETs had no effect on the recruitment of lung neutrophils and neutrophilic inflammation. In NA mice, NETs could trigger airway and alveolar epithelial cells to express chemokines which recruit more neutrophils via activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjun Wan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cen Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bingrong Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
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15
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Feng H, He Y, La L, Hou C, Song L, Yang Q, Wu F, Liu W, Hou L, Li Y, Wang C, Li Y. The flavonoid-enriched extract from the root of Smilax china L. inhibits inflammatory responses via the TLR-4-mediated signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 256:112785. [PMID: 32222576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Smilax china L. has been used clinically to treat various inflammatory disorders with a long history. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the mechanisms underlying anti-inflammatory action of the extract from the herb. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extract was identified and quantified using the Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photo Diode Array-Mass Spectrometer method. The anti-inflammatory activities were examined in xylene-induced mouse ear edema and cotton ball-induced rat granuloma. The inflammatory mediators, pro-inflammatory cytokines and TLR-4-mediated signals in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were determined using ELISA, real-time PCR, Western blot and/or immunofluorescence, respectively. RESULTS The extract was found to enrich flavonoids (44.3%, mainly astilbin, engeletin, isoastilbin, cinchonain Ia, quercetin-3-O-a-L-rhamnopyranoside and chlorogenic acid). The flavonoid-enriched extract (FEE) inhibited xylene-induced mouse ear edema and cotton ball-induced rat granuloma, and suppressed LPS-induced over-release and/or overexpression of tumor necrosis factor-α, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 in RAW264.7 macrophages. Mechanistically, FEE suppressed protein overexpression of TLR-4 and its downstream signals, MyD88 protein, phosphorylated inhibitory κB-α, NF-κB-P65 and MAPK p38, as well as phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) p85α at Tyr607 and Akt at Ser473 in LPS-stimulated macrophages. The mode of the anti-inflammatory action of FEE was similar to that of TAK-242 (a selective TLR-4 inhibitor). CONCLUSIONS The present results demonstrate that FEE inhibit inflammatory responses via the TLR-4-mediated signaling pathway. Our findings go a new insight into the mechanisms underlying anti-inflammatory action of the herb, and provide a better understanding of its use for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixing Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Yanling He
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
| | - Lei La
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Chuqi Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Luyao Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Fuling Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Wenqin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Lianbing Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Group, Sydney Institute of Health Sciences/Sydney Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia.
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Yuhao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Endocrinology and Metabolism Group, Sydney Institute of Health Sciences/Sydney Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia.
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16
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Li J, Sun D, Li Y. Novel Findings and Therapeutic Targets on Cardioprotection of Ischemia/ Reperfusion Injury in STEMI. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3726-3739. [PMID: 31692431 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191105103417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. A large number of STEMI patients after the infarction gradually develop heart failure due to the infarcted myocardium. Timely reperfusion is essential to salvage ischemic myocardium from the infarction, but the restoration of coronary blood flow in the infarct-related artery itself induces myocardial injury and cardiomyocyte death, known as ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). The factors contributing to IRI in STEMI are complex, and microvascular obstruction, inflammation, release of reactive oxygen species, myocardial stunning, and activation of myocardial cell death are involved. Therefore, additional cardioprotection is required to prevent the heart from IRI. Although many mechanical conditioning procedures and pharmacological agents have been identified as effective cardioprotective approaches in animal studies, their translation into the clinical practice has been relatively disappointing due to a variety of reasons. With new emerging data on cardioprotection in STEMI over the past few years, it is mandatory to reevaluate the effectiveness of "old" cardioprotective interventions and highlight the novel therapeutic targets and new treatment strategies of cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Danghui Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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17
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Astragaloside IV protects human cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury by regulating miR-101a. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 470:41-51. [PMID: 32394311 PMCID: PMC7272390 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (AS/IV) is one of the extracted components from the traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus which has been demonstrated to have potential capacity for anti-inflammation activity and for treating cardiovascular disease. Our purpose was to determine the function and underlying molecular mechanism of AS/IV in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injured in cardiomyocytes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using bioinformatic analysis, and the molecular targeting relationship was verified by the dual-luciferase report system. H/R injured cardiomyocytes were employed to explore the effect of AS/IV. QRT-PCR and Western blot analysis were applied to detect the expression of mRNA and proteins, respectively. Additionally, superoxide dismutase (SOD), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and MDA (malondialdehyde) levels were detected to determine the oxidative damage. Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8, and flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell apoptosis ratio. TGFBR1 and TLR2 were selected as DEGs. Additionally, AS/IV could enhance cell proliferation and upregulated miR-101a expression, which suppressed TGFBR1 and TLR2 expression in H/R injured cardiomyocytes. Moreover, the results of Western blot exhibited that the downstream genes (p-ERK and p-p38) in the MAPK signaling pathway were suppressed, which meant AS/IV could inhibit this pathway in H/R injured cardiomyocytes. Overall, this study demonstrated AS/IV could attenuate H/R injury in human cardiomyocytes via the miR-101a/TGFBR1/TLR2/MAPK signaling pathway axis, which means that it could serve as a possible alternate for H/R treatment.
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18
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The Protective Effect of rhBNP on Postresuscitation Myocardial Dysfunction in a Rat Cardiac Arrest Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6969053. [PMID: 32149124 PMCID: PMC7049428 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6969053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose We investigated the protective effects and the underlying mechanisms through which recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rhBNP) acts on postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction (PRMD) in the cardiac arrest (CA) model. Methods Ventricular fibrillation was induced and untreated for 6 min. And the time of cardiopulmonary resuscitation was 8 min, after which defibrillation was attempted in this rat model. 24 Sprague Dawley rats (450–550g) were randomized into cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) + rhBNP and CPR + placebo groups after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). rhBNP was infused at PR 30 min (loading dose: 1.5 µg/kg, 3 min; maintenance dose: 0.01 µg/kg, 3 min; maintenance dose: 0.01 α (TNF-α (TNF-α (TNF-κB (NF-κB (NF- Results The administration of rhBNP attenuated the severity of PRMD and myocardial tissue injuries, with improvement of MAP (mean arterial blood pressure), ETCO2 (end-tidal CO2), serum level of NT-proBNP, EF, CO, and MPI values. The serum levels and protein expression levels in myocardial tissue of IL-6 and TNF-α (TNF-κB (NF- Conclusion Our research demonstrated that the administration of rhBNP attenuated the severity of PRMD and myocardial tissue injuries and increased the 24 h survival rate in this CA model. rhBNP administration also reduced the serum and myocardial tissue levels of IL-6 and TNF-α after ROSC, likely due to the suppression of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and the regulation of inflammatory mediator secretion.α (TNF-κB (NF-
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19
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Yuan X, Juan Z, Zhang R, Sun X, Yan R, Yue F, Huang Y, Yu J, Xia X. Clemastine Fumarate Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Activating the TLR4/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:28. [PMID: 32116705 PMCID: PMC7025565 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Our pilot studies have shown that clemastine fumarate (CLE) can protect against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) through regulation of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4). However, the protective mechanism of CLE and related signaling pathways for MIRI remains unclear. The objective of this study is to determine the mechanism by which CLE relieves MIRI in cardiomyocytes and its relationship with the TLR4/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. CCK8 analysis was used to test the optimal concentration of TLR4 inhibitor CLI-095 and TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on MIRI. The expression of inflammatory factors, oxidative stress response, cell damage, and intracellular calcium redistribution of cardiomyocytes were examined using the ELISA kits, Total Superoxide Dismutase Assay Kit with WST-8 and Lipid Peroxidation MDA Assay Kit, LDH Cytotoxicity Assay Kit, and laser scanning confocal microscope. The expression of TLR4/PI3K/Akt and cleaved caspase-3 were determined by Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining. Our results showed that MIRI aggravated the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, cellular damage of cardiomyocytes, and caused redistribution of intracellular calcium, upregulated the expression of TLR4 protein, cleaved caspase-3 protein, and down-regulated the expression of PI3K/Akt protein. After treatment with CLE, the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and cellular damage of cardiomyocytes were alleviated, and intracellular calcium ion accumulation decreased. The expression of TLR4 protein, cleaved caspase-3 protein declined, but PI3K/Akt protein expression increased in cardiomyocytes treated with CLE. In addition, after treatment with the TLR4 inhibitor CLI-095, the results were similar to those of CLE treatment. The TLR4 agonist LPS aggravated the reactions caused by MIRI. The role of LPS was reversed after CLE treatment. These results suggested that CLE can attenuate MIRI by activating the TLR4/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhaodong Juan
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaotong Sun
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ru Yan
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Feng Yue
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yaru Huang
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jiacheng Yu
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaohui Xia
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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20
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Li Q, Zhai Z, Li J. Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors are potential ion channel modifiers associated with cardiac arrhythmias. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 871:172920. [PMID: 31935396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stable electrical activity in cardiac myocytes is the basis of maintaining normal myocardial systolic and diastolic function. Cardiac ionic currents and their associated regulatory proteins are crucial to myocyte excitability and heart function. Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs) are intracellular noncanonical fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) that are incapable of activating FGF receptors. The main functions of FHFs are to regulate ion channels and influence excitability, which are processes involved in sustaining normal cardiac function. In addition to their regulatory effect on ion channels, FHFs can be regulators of cardiac hypertrophic signaling and alter signaling pathways, including the protein kinase, NF<kappa>B, and p53 pathways, which are related to the pathological processes of heart diseases. This review emphasizes FHF-mediated regulation of cardiac excitability and the association of FHFs with cardiac arrhythmias and explores the idea that abnormal FHFs may be an unrecognized cause of cardiac disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Juxiang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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21
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Kocak Z, Temiz-Resitoglu M, Guden DS, Vezir O, Sucu N, Balcı S, Tamer-Gumus L, Tunctan B, Malik KU, Sahan-Firat S. Modulation of oxidative–nitrosative stress and inflammatory response by rapamycin in target and distant organs in rats exposed to hindlimb ischemia–reperfusion: the role of mammalian target of rapamycin. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:1193-1203. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been recognized with potential immunomodulatory properties playing an important role in various physiopathological processes including ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. I/R injury stimulate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by activating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase, respectively. Controversial results have been obtained in different I/R models following localized I/R; however, the precise role of the mTOR signaling pathway remains undefined. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the role of the mTOR in oxidative–nitrosative stress and inflammation in hindlimb I/R-induced injury in target and remote organ injuries. In rats subjected to I/R, an increased expression of ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6), inhibitor κB (IκB)-α, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase 2, gp91phox, and levels of tumor necrosis factor α, nitrite, nitrotyrosine, malondialdehyde and the activities of myeloperoxidase and catalase in the tissues and (or) sera were detected. Treatment with rapamycin, a selective inhibitor of mTOR, reversed all the I/R-induced changes as manifested by its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in kidney and gastrocnemius muscle of rats. Collectively, these findings suggest that rapamycin protects against I/R-induced oxidative–nitrosative stress and inflammation leading to organ injuries via suppression of mTOR/IκB-α/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zumrut Kocak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, 33169 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Meryem Temiz-Resitoglu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, 33169 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Demet Sinem Guden
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, 33169 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ozden Vezir
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mersin State Hospital, 33240 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Nehir Sucu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, 33150 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Senay Balcı
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, 33150 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Lulufer Tamer-Gumus
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, 33150 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Bahar Tunctan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, 33169 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Kafait U. Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Center for Health Sciences, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Seyhan Sahan-Firat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, 33169 Mersin, Turkey
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22
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Saat N, Risvanli A, Dogan H, Onalan E, Akpolat N, Seker I, Sahna E. Effect of melatonin on torsion and reperfusion induced pathogenesis of rat uterus. Biotech Histochem 2019; 94:533-539. [PMID: 31070494 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2019.1605456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the use of melatonin to improve fertility and reduce uterine damage caused by torsion of the uterus in pregnant rats. We used 35 pregnant rats at gestational age 18 days. The animals were randomized into five groups. Group 1 was anesthetized only. Group 2 was subjected to experimental uterine torsion of 360° and the torsion was corrected after 6 h. Group 3 was subjected to uterine torsion of 360°, the torsion was corrected after 6 h and melatonin was administered at the time of correction. Group 4 rats were subjected to 360º uterine torsion and melatonin was administered 6 h later at the time of correction. Group 5 was administered melatonin followed by uterine torsion of 360 degrees followed by correction of torsion 6 h later. Samples were obtained from the uterine horns on the day 1 postpartum. We used Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase 3 staining to measure apoptosis in the uterine tissues. The mRNA levels of Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinases 1 (ROCK1), homeobox D10 (Hox4 HoxD10), TLR4, NFκB1, caveolin 1 (Cav1) heat shock protein 90 alpha (cytosolic), class B member 1 (Hsp90ab1) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis (qRT-PCR). Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase 3 were detected using immunohistochemistry. No difference was observed among groups with respect to abortion, neonatal mortality or congenital abnormalities. Compared to the control group, the mRNA levels of Rock1, Hox4, TLR4, NFκB1, Cav1 and Hsp90 genes were decreased significantly in the study groups; the decrease was greater in groups 3 and 4, which were treated with melatonin. The greatest amount of Bax staining was found in group 1 and the least amount of Bcl-2 staining was found in groups 4 and 5; the greatest amount of caspase 3 staining was found in group 2. Our findings indicate that melatonin reduced uterine torsion related tissue damage and that its application during torsion was more effective than application following removal of torsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Saat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Balikesir , Balikesir , Turkey
| | - A Risvanli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat , Elazig , Turkey
| | - H Dogan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Namik Kemal , Tekirdag , Turkey
| | - E Onalan
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Firat , Elazig , Turkey
| | - N Akpolat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Inonu , Malatya , Turkey
| | - I Seker
- Department of Zootechny, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat , Elazig , Turkey
| | - E Sahna
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Firat , Elazig , Turkey
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23
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Guo T, Hou D, Yu D. Bioinformatics analysis of gene expression profile data to screen key genes involved in intracranial aneurysms. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4415-4424. [PMID: 31545495 PMCID: PMC6797989 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a cerebrovascular disease with a high mortality rate. The pathogenesis of IA remains unclear and the treatment limited. The purpose of the present study was to identify the key genes expressed in IAs and provide the basis for further research and treatment. The raw dataset GSE75436 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus, including 15 IA samples and 15 matched superficial temporal artery (STA) samples. Then, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the limma package in R software. Hierarchical clustering analysis was performed on the DEGs using the gplot2 package in R. Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) online tools were used to perform gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis. DAVID and gene set enrichment analysis were separately used to perform the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. The intersections of the two results were selected as common KEGG pathways. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis among the DEGs involved in the common KEGG pathways was performed using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes online tools, and visualized with Cytoscape software. A total of 782 DEGs were identified, comprising 392 upregulated and 390 downregulated DEGs. Hierarchical clustering demonstrated that the DEGs could precisely distinguish the IAs from the STAs. The GO enrichment analysis demonstrated that the upregulated DEGs were mainly involved in the inflammatory response and the management of extracellular matrix, and the downregulated DEGs were mainly involved in the process of vascular smooth muscle contraction. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that the common pathways were ‘leishmaniasis’, ‘Toll-like receptor signaling pathway’ and ‘vascular smooth muscle contraction’. In the PPI network, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 8 and Toll-like receptor 4 had the highest degrees; they were associated with the inflammatory response. The Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and TNF gene may serve as targets for future research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie Guo
- Department of Neurology, Haikou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan 570208, P.R. China
| | - Dan Hou
- Department of Neurology, Haikou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan 570208, P.R. China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Neurology, Haikou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan 570208, P.R. China
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Gong XY, Zhang Y. Protective effect of miR-20a against hypoxia/reoxygenation treatment on cardiomyocytes cell viability and cell apoptosis by targeting TLR4 and inhibiting p38 MAPK/JNK signaling. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2019; 55:793-800. [PMID: 31444671 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-019-00399-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are recognized to hold essential parts in the course of pathophysiology participating in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The current study was intended to appraise the functional implication and underlying regulatory mechanism action of miR-20a in myocardial I/R injury. In cardiomyocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model simulating I/R, we observed that miR-20a was diminished in H9c2 cells subjected to H/R. The miR-20a mimics promoted cardiomyocyte viability and reduced H/R-triggered cell apoptosis, while the miR-20a inhibitors induced the inverse response in H9c2 cells subjected to H/R injury. Moreover, we ascertained that TLR4 was one downstream target gene of miR-20a and revealed that miR-20a might hold its protective action on cardiomyocytes subjected to H/R by inactivating p38 MAPK/JNK signaling. In summary, this study highlighted the relieved potential of miR-20a against cardiomyocyte H/R injury and suggested its favorable therapeutic role for myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Gong
- International Medical Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yun Zhang
- International Medical Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
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Prognostic Value of Serum Total Bilirubin after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5243589. [PMID: 31275974 PMCID: PMC6558622 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5243589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Backgrounds Previous studies have reported a relationship between serum total bilirubin (STB) and coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the relationship between STB and prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains inconclusive. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between STB level and prognosis of PCI in patients with ACS. Methods In total, 2850 ACS patients who underwent PCI at the Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University from June 2009 to Jan 2017 were included in the study. Twenty-four-hour STB, 30-day, and 1-year postoperative major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were recorded. Subjects were assigned to one of three groups based on STB: Group A (STB ≤ 9.6 μmol/L), Group B (9.7 μmol/L < STB ≤ 15.4 μmol/L), and Group C (STB ≥ 15.5 μmol/L). COX survival analysis was subsequently used to investigate the relationship between the incidence of MACE and STB in the three groups. Results A total of 2770 subjects were successfully followed up; within 1 year after PCI, 115 (4.15%) subjects died and 191 (6.90%) subjects experienced MACE. One-year follow-up results showed that the incidence of MACE decreased significantly as STB increased; the risk of Group A was 2.002 times that of Group C (95% CI: 1.342-2.986). Cardiac mortality also decreased with increasing STB; the risk of Group A was 3.403 times that of Group C (95% CI: 1.319-8.785). Conclusion Lower mortality and MACE incidence rates were found in patients with higher STB within 1 year. Therefore, STB is highly recommended as an independent long-term prognosis predictor of PCI in patients with ACS.
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Wang Z, Wen J, Zhou C, Wang Z, Wei M. Gene expression profiling analysis to investigate the role of remote ischemic postconditioning in ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:361. [PMID: 31072368 PMCID: PMC6509872 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blood flow restoration is a definitive therapy for salvaging the myocardium following ischemic injury. Nevertheless, the sudden restoration of blood flow to the ischemic myocardium can induce ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Results Herein, we investigated the cardioprotective effect of remote ischemic postconditioning (RPostC) through our in vivo rat model of myocardial IRI. The study included three groups: the control group, the IRI group, and the IRI + RPostC group. Ischemia-reperfusion treatment led to an increase in the myocardial infarction area, which was inhibited by RPostC. In contrast to that in the control group, the myocardial apoptosis level was enhanced in the IRI group, whereas RPostC treatment decreased IRI-induced cellular apoptosis. Affymetrix Rat Gene 2.0 ST chip data identified a total of 265 upregulated genes and 267 downregulated genes between the IRI and IRI + RPostC groups. A group of differentially expressed noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as MTA_TC0600002772.mm, MTA_TC1300002394.mm, U7 small nuclear RNA (Rnu7) and RGD7543256_1, were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicated that the positive regulation of some molecular functions, such as GTPase activity, GTP binding, cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity and cytokine activity, may contribute to the cardioprotective role of RPostC. Moreover, pathway enrichment analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) suggested the potential implication of the TNF signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Global signal transduction network analysis, co-expression network analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis further identified several core genes, including Pdgfra, Stat1, Lifr and Stfa3. Conclusion Remote ischemic postconditioning treatment can decrease IRI-mediated myocardial apoptosis by regulating multiple processes and pathways, such as GTPase activity, cytokine activity, and the TNF and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. The potential role of the above ncRNAs and core genes in IRI-induced cardiac damage merits further study as well. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5743-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanxin Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Shenzhen, 12 Langshan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shenzhen Sun Yat-sen Cardiovascular Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junmin Wen
- Department of Intensive Care, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Intensive Care, Shenzhen Sun Yat-sen Cardiovascular Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuzhi Zhou
- Department of Intensive Care, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Intensive Care, Shenzhen Sun Yat-sen Cardiovascular Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Shenzhen, 12 Langshan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shenzhen Sun Yat-sen Cardiovascular Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Minxin Wei
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Shenzhen, 12 Langshan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shenzhen Sun Yat-sen Cardiovascular Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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Yan X, Dong N, Hao X, Xing Y, Tian X, Feng J, Xie J, Lv Y, Wei C, Gao Y, Qiu Y, Wang T. Comparative Transcriptomics Reveals the Role of the Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathway in Fluoride-Induced Cardiotoxicity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5033-5042. [PMID: 30964671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that fluorosis due to long-term fluoride intake has damaging effects on the heart. However, the mechanisms underlying cardiac fluorosis have not been illuminated in detail. We performed high-throughput transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) on rat cardiac tissue to explore the molecular effects of NaF exposure. In total, 372 and 254 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between a group given 30 mg/L NaF and control and between a group given 90 mg/L NaF and control, respectively. The transcript levels of most of these genes were significantly down-regulated and many were distributed in the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Transcriptome analysis revealed that herpes simplex infection, ECM-receptor interaction, influenza A, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, apoptosis, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway were significantly affected. IL-6 and IL-10 may play a crucial role in the cardiac damage caused by NaF as external stimuli according to protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. The results of qRT-PCR and Western blotting showed a marked decreased mRNA and protein levels of IL-1, IL-6, and IL-10 in the low concentration fluoride (LF) and high concentration fluoride (HF) groups, which was in agreement with RNA-Seq results. This is the first study to investigate NaF-induced cardiotoxicity at a transcriptome level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yan
- School of Public Health , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi 030001 , China
| | - Nisha Dong
- School of Public Health , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi 030001 , China
| | - Xianhui Hao
- Medical Faculty , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan 650000 , China
| | - Yangang Xing
- Gujiao City Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Technical Service Center , Taiyuan , Shanxi 030200 , China
| | - Xiaolin Tian
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Human Disease Animal Models , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi 030001 , China
| | - Jing Feng
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Human Disease Animal Models , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi 030001 , China
| | - Jiaxin Xie
- School of Public Health , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi 030001 , China
| | - Yi Lv
- School of Public Health , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi 030001 , China
| | - Cailing Wei
- School of Public Health , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi 030001 , China
| | - Yi Gao
- School of Public Health , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi 030001 , China
| | - Yulan Qiu
- School of Public Health , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi 030001 , China
| | - Tong Wang
- School of Public Health , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi 030001 , China
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Lim S, Taskinen MR, Borén J. Crosstalk between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiometabolic syndrome. Obes Rev 2019; 20:599-611. [PMID: 30589487 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic condition characterized by fat accumulation combined with low-grade inflammation in the liver. A large body of clinical and experimental data shows that increased flux of free fatty acids from increased visceral adipose tissue and de novo lipogenesis can lead to NAFLD and insulin resistance. Thus, individuals with obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidaemia are at the greatest risk of developing NAFLD. Conversely, NAFLD is a phenotype of cardiometabolic syndrome. Notably, researchers have discovered a close association between NAFLD and impaired glucose metabolism and focused on the role of NAFLD in the development of type 2 diabetes. Moreover, recent studies provide substantial evidence for an association between NAFLD and atherosclerosis and cardiometabolic disorders. Even if NAFLD can progress into severe liver disorders including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis, the majority of subjects with NAFLD die from cardiovascular disease eventually. In this review, we propose a potential pathological link between NAFLD/NASH and cardiometabolic syndrome. The potential factors that can play a pivotal role in this link, such as inflammation, insulin resistance, alteration in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, genetic predisposition, and gut microbiota are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Heart and Lung Centre, Helsinki University Central Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Diabetes & Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Lab, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Fiordelisi A, Iaccarino G, Morisco C, Coscioni E, Sorriento D. NFkappaB is a Key Player in the Crosstalk between Inflammation and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071599. [PMID: 30935055 PMCID: PMC6480579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key mechanism of cardiovascular diseases. It is an essential component of atherosclerosis and a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular events. In the crosstalk between inflammation and cardiovascular diseases, the transcription factor NFκB seems to be a key player since it is involved in the development and progression of both inflammation and cardiac and vascular damage. In this review, we deal with the recent findings of the role of inflammation in cardiac diseases, focusing, in particular, on NFκB as a functional link. We describe strategies for the therapeutic targeting of NFκB as a potential strategy for the failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Fiordelisi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Guido Iaccarino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Carmine Morisco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Enrico Coscioni
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, 84131 Salerno, Italy.
| | - Daniela Sorriento
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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Effect of eNOS on Ischemic Postconditioning-Induced Autophagy against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5201014. [PMID: 30881990 PMCID: PMC6387714 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5201014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is involved in the development of numerous illnesses, including ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) participates in the protective effects of ischemic postconditioning (IPostC). However, it remains unclear whether eNOS-mediated autophagy serves as a critical role in IPostC in the hearts of mice, in protecting against I/R injury. In the present study, the hearts of mice with left anterior descending coronary artery ligation were studied as I/R models. H9c2 cells underwent exposure to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) and were examined as in vitro model. IPostC reduced mice myocardial infarct size and improved the structure of the heart. IPostC increased the formation of autophagosomes and increased the phosphorylation of eNOS and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Autophagy and eNOS inhibition suppressed the cardioprotective effects of IPostC. AMPK or eNOS inhibition abolished the improvement effect of IPostC on autophagy. AMPK inhibition decreased eNOS phosphorylation in the heart. Additionally, H9c2 cells suffering hypoxia were used as in vitro model. Autophagy or eNOS inhibition abolished the protective effects of hypoxic postconditioning (HPostC) against H/R injury. AMPK and eNOS inhibition/knockout decreased autophagic activity in the HPostC group. These results indicated that IPostC protects the heart against I/R injury, partially via promoting AMPK/eNOS-mediated autophagy.
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Long noncoding RNA RMRP upregulation aggravates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by sponging miR-206 to target ATG3 expression. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:716-725. [PMID: 30551524 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronary heart disease is a common cause of death and disability worldwide and mainly results from myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study aimed to elucidate the roles and possible mechanism of long noncoding RNA Component Of Mitochondrial RNA Processing Endoribonuclease (RMRP) in protecting against ischemic myocardial injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS The H9c2 cardiomyocytes were cultured under hypoxia condition to induce myocardial injury. The RMRP expression under hypoxia condition was determined, followed by investigation of the effects of RMRP dysregulation on hypoxia-induced injury in H9c2 cells. In addition, the regulatory relationship between RMRP and miR-206 was detected, and the potential target of miR-206 was identified. Besides, the association of RMRP and activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was explored. Furthermore, an in vivo rat model of myocardial I/R injury was established by subjection to 60 min ischemia and subsequently 24 h reperfusion for validation of the role of RMRP in regulating myocardial I/R injury in vivo. RESULTS The results showed that overexpression of RMRP aggravated hypoxia-induced injury in H9c2 cells. Moreover, miR-206 was negatively regulated by RMRP and overexpression of RMRP aggravated hypoxia injury by downregulation of miR-206. Furthermore, ATG3 was a target of miR-206, and he effects of miR-206 on hypoxia injury were through targeting ATG3. Besides, overexpression of RMRP activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in hypoxia-treated H9c2 cells, which were reversed by miR-206 overexpression at the same time. Furthermore, in an in vivo rat model of myocardial I/R injury, suppression of RMPR improved cardiac function and inhibited apoptosis after myocardial I/R injury. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that upregulation of RMRP may aggravate myocardial I/R injury possible by downregulation of miR-206 and subsequently upregulation of ATG3. Activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway may be a key downstream mechanism mediating the cardioprotection of RMPR/miR-206/ATG3 axis against myocardial I/R injury.
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Toll-like receptor 4 contributes to a myofibroblast phenotype in cardiac fibroblasts and is associated with autophagy after myocardial infarction in a mouse model. Atherosclerosis 2018; 279:23-31. [PMID: 30399463 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction (MI) is involved in fibroblast transforming and differentiating into myofibroblast phenoconversion, however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated pathogen-associated molecular patterns are key factors that deteriorate cardiac remodelling after MI. Moreover, autophagy has dual roles in cell survival in myocardial tissues after MI. We evaluated the relationship between TLR4 signalling and cardiac myofibroblast transformation-differentiation after MI in vivo and in vitro and analysed the role of autophagy. METHODS We reproduced a model of MI by the permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery of Tlr4-knockout (Tlr4-/-) and wild-type (WT) male mice. We evaluated scar formation, myofibroblast phenoconversion, LC3 dot formation, autophagy related proteins and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) in cardiac tissues, 7, 14, and 28 days after myocardial infarction. Cardiac fibroblasts were cultured from Tlr4-/- or WT mice. Vimentin, α-SMA, bilayer membrane vesicle structures of autophagosomes, and autophagy related proteins were observed after treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or 3-methyladenine (3-MA) at 24 h. RESULTS After MI on 7, 14, and 28 days, Tlr4-/- mice showed that heart tissue fibrosis and expression of α-SMA, a marker of myofibroblasts, were decreased compared to WT mice. Additionally, levels of LC3II, Atg5, Atg7, and Beclin-1, which are involved in autophagy, were lower than those in WT mice. Further, p62 expression, which is negatively correlated with autophagy levels, was higher in Tlr4-/- mice. Moreover, LC3-labelled autophagosomes in cardiac tissues were reduced in these animals. In vitro, LPS, a ligand of TLR4, stimulated α-SMA expression in cardiac fibroblasts, enhanced autophagic flux, and increased autophagosome numbers. In contrast, these effects were not obvious in Tlr4-/- cardiac fibroblasts. LC3II, Atg5, Atg7, and Beclin-1 were upregulated, and p62 was downregulated in cardiac fibroblasts of WT mice stimulated with LPS. However, these effects were blocked by 3-methyladenine, an inhibitor of autophagy. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that TLR4 signalling executes the development of a myofibroblast phenotype after MI via autophagy and could be therapeutically exploited to improve outcome after myocardial injury.
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Spurthi KM, Sarikhani M, Mishra S, Desingu PA, Yadav S, Rao S, Maity S, Tamta AK, Kumar S, Majumdar S, Jain A, Raghuraman A, Khan D, Singh I, Samuel RJ, Ramachandra SG, Nandi D, Sundaresan NR. Toll-like receptor 2 deficiency hyperactivates the FoxO1 transcription factor and induces aging-associated cardiac dysfunction in mice. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:13073-13089. [PMID: 29929978 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern-recognition receptors involved in innate immunity. Previous studies have shown that TLR2 inhibition protects the heart from acute stress, including myocardial infarction and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in animal models. However, the role of TLR2 in the development of aging-associated heart failure is not known. In this work, we studied aging-associated changes in structure and function of TLR2-deficient mice hearts. Whereas young TLR2-KO mice did not develop marked cardiac dysfunction, 8- and 12-month-old TLR2-KO mice exhibited spontaneous adverse cardiac remodeling and cardiac dysfunction in an age-dependent manner. The hearts of the 8-month-old TLR2-KO mice had increased fibrosis, cell death, and reactivation of fetal genes. Moreover, TLR2-KO hearts displayed reduced infiltration by macrophages, increased numbers of myofibroblasts and atrophic cardiomyocytes, and higher levels of the atrophy-related ubiquitin ligases MuRF-1 and atrogin-1. Mechanistically, TLR2 deficiency impaired the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, leading to hyperactivation of the transcription factor Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) and, in turn, to elevated expression of FoxO target genes involved in the regulation of muscle wasting and cell death. AS1842856-mediated chemical inhibition of FoxO1 reduced the expression of the atrophy-related ubiquitin ligases and significantly reversed the adverse cardiac remodeling while improving the contractile functions in the TLR2-KO mice. Interestingly, TLR2 levels decreased in hearts of older mice, and the activation of TLR1/2 signaling improved cardiac functions in these mice. These findings suggest that TLR2 signaling is essential for protecting the heart against aging-associated adverse remodeling and contractile dysfunction in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondapalli Mrudula Spurthi
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Mohsen Sarikhani
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Sneha Mishra
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Perumal Arumugam Desingu
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Shikha Yadav
- the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Swathi Rao
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Sangeeta Maity
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Tamta
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Shweta Kumar
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Shamik Majumdar
- the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Aditi Jain
- the Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India, and
| | - Aishwarya Raghuraman
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Danish Khan
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Ishwar Singh
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Rosa J Samuel
- the Central Animal Facility, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Subbaraya G Ramachandra
- the Central Animal Facility, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Dipankar Nandi
- the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Nagalingam R Sundaresan
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India,
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Zhang P, Shao L, Ma J. Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 Predict New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients. Int Heart J 2018; 59:64-70. [PMID: 29375116 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.17-084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) can cause new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) due to cardiac remodeling. As a recent study has shown, inflammatory factors are closely tied to cell death and survival in myocardial ischemia injury. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been shown to participate in the process of myocardial infarction as innate immune factors.The subjects were divided into 3 groups: healthy controls (n = 82), MI patients (n = 84), and AFMI (new-onset atrial fibrillation after myocardial infarction) patients (n = 85). Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) TLR mRNA expression was detected by rt-PCR. Western blot was used to analyze PBMC TLRs and their downstream signal protein expression. PBMCs were presented as TLR2 expression or TLR4 expression using flow cytometry.From mRNA to protein detection, PBMC TLR2 and TLR4 were significantly higher in the AFMI group than in the control group and MI group. A similar tendency was also observed in the expression of downstream signaling proteins. When further analyzed with TLR2 and TLR4 antibodies by flow cytometry, PBMC levels also appeared to be higher in AFMI patients than those in MI patients and the healthy control group.In our study, PBMC TLRs and their downstream signaling proteins were significantly higher in the acute myocardial infarction patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation compared with healthy people and acute myocardial infarction patients without new-onset atrial fibrillation. They have the potential to be novel biomarkers for new-onset atrial fibrillation after acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics & Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Liang Shao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
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Li Y, Shen S, Ding S, Wang L. Toll-like receptor 2 downregulates the cholesterol efflux by activating the nuclear factor-κB pathway in macrophages and may be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of atherosclerosis. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:198-204. [PMID: 29375683 PMCID: PMC5766071 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, which is triggered by lipid retention. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a novel target for therapeutic intervention in atherosclerosis. In addition, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) serves important roles in stress response and inflammation. The present study investigated whether TLR2 is involved in the activation of cholesterol efflux in macrophages by regulating the NF-κB pathway. The human monocytic THP-1 cell line and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cell line were treated with 50 µg/ml oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) for 48 h in order to obtain macrophage foam cells. The cholesterol efflux of the cell lines under exogenous TLR2 treatment was assessed by liquid scintillation counting. Furthermore, the protein and mRNA expression levels of ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), ABCG1 and scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1) were examined by western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays, respectively. To detect the effect of NF-κB on cholesterol efflux, the cells were divided into three groups, including the control, 10 ng/ml lipopolysaccharides (LPS; 24 h) and 10 ng/ml LPS + 50 µM pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC; 24 h) groups. The results indicated that ox-LDL induced foam cell formation in the THP-1 and RAW264.7 cells, while TLR2 significantly decreased the cholesterol efflux in dose- and time-dependent manners. Accordingly, TLR2 reduced ABCA1, ABCG1 and SR-B1 expression at the transcriptional and translational levels in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, application of PDTC (an NF-κB specific inhibitor) markedly suppressed the LPS-induced downregulation of cholesterol efflux. These data revealed that TLR2 may be involved in the activation of cholesterol efflux in macrophages by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Shuxin Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Shoukun Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
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36
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Yu M, Wang C, Zeng G, Zeng G, Zhou L, Chen T, Tan X, Wang Y. Toll‑like receptor 4 is expressed and functional in late endothelial progenitor cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:5549-5554. [PMID: 28849058 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been previously demonstrated that lipopolysaccharides (LPS) inhibit the viability, migration, adhesion and in vitro angiogenesis of late endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). However, the mechanisms underlying this LPS‑induced impairment of late EPC functional activity are unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether Toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4) is expressed and functional on late EPCs, using late EPCs of 3‑5 passages. Cells were deprived of serum for 24 h prior to experiments and incubated with 10 µg/ml LPS for 24 h with or without pretreatment with 2 µg/ml TLR4 signaling inhibitor CLI‑095 for 30 min. The viability, migration, adhesion and in vitro angiogenesis, as well as the expression of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), in late EPCs were evaluated. Treatment with 10 µg/ml LPS decreased the viability, migration and adhesion abilities, and in vitro angiogenesis of late EPCs. Pretreatment with the TLR4 signaling inhibitor reversed this LPS‑induced dysfunction of late EPCs. LPS downregulated the expression of SIRT1 protein, however, blocking TLR4 attenuated the effect of LPS on SIRT1 expression. Therefore, the results of the present study indicate that LPS impaired the functional activity of late EPCs via TLR4, which may be associated with decreased SIRT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Cantian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Guoning Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Guoning Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Xuerui Tan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
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37
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Zhang F, Zhong R, Li S, Fu Z, Cheng C, Cai H, Le W. Acute Hypoxia Induced an Imbalanced M1/M2 Activation of Microglia through NF-κB Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease Mice and Wild-Type Littermates. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:282. [PMID: 28890695 PMCID: PMC5574879 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease mainly caused by abnormal tau phosphorylation, amyloid β (Aβ) deposition and neuroinflammation. As an important environmental factor, hypoxia has been reported to aggravate AD via exacerbating Aβ and tau pathologies. However, the link between hypoxia and neuroinflammation, especially the changes of pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammation M2 microglia phenotypes in AD, is still far from being clearly investigated. Here, we evaluated the activation of microglia in the brains of APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic (Tg) mice and their wild type (Wt) littermates, after a single episode of acute hypoxia (24 h) exposure. We found that acute hypoxia activated M1 microglia in both Tg and Wt mice as evidenced by the elevated M1 markers including cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and CCL3. In addition, the markers of M2 microglia phenotype (arginase-1 (Arg-1), CD206, IL-4 and IL-10) were decreased after acute hypoxia exposure, suggesting an attenuated M2 phenotype of microglia. Moreover, the activation of microglia and the release of cytokines and chemokines were associated with Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) induction through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). In summary, our findings revealed that acute hypoxia modulated microglia M1/M2 subgroup profile, indicating the pathological role of hypoxia in the neuroinflammation of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Rujia Zhong
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Song Li
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Zhenfa Fu
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Huaibin Cai
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, United States
| | - Weidong Le
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
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38
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Donndorf P, Abubaker S, Vollmar B, Rimmbach C, Steinhoff G, Kaminski A. Therapeutic progenitor cell application for tissue regeneration: Analyzing the impact of toll-like receptor signaling on c-kit + cell migration following ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo. Microvasc Res 2017; 112:87-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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39
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Chun N, Haddadin AS, Liu J, Hou Y, Wong KA, Lee D, Rushbrook JI, Gulaya K, Hines R, Hollis T, Nistal Nuno B, Mangi AA, Hashim S, Pekna M, Catalfamo A, Chin HY, Patel F, Rayala S, Shevde K, Heeger PS, Zhang M. Activation of complement factor B contributes to murine and human myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179450. [PMID: 28662037 PMCID: PMC5491012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of myocardial injury that results from cardiac ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) is incompletely understood. Experimental evidence from murine models indicates that innate immune mechanisms including complement activation via the classical and lectin pathways are crucial. Whether factor B (fB), a component of the alternative complement pathway required for amplification of complement cascade activation, participates in the pathophysiology of myocardial I/R injury has not been addressed. We induced regional myocardial I/R injury by transient coronary ligation in WT C57BL/6 mice, a manipulation that resulted in marked myocardial necrosis associated with activation of fB protein and myocardial deposition of C3 activation products. In contrast, in fB-/- mice, the same procedure resulted in significantly reduced myocardial necrosis (% ventricular tissue necrotic; fB-/- mice, 20 ± 4%; WT mice, 45 ± 3%; P < 0.05) and diminished deposition of C3 activation products in the myocardial tissue (fB-/- mice, 0 ± 0%; WT mice, 31 ± 6%; P<0.05). Reconstitution of fB-/- mice with WT serum followed by cardiac I/R restored the myocardial necrosis and activated C3 deposition in the myocardium. In translational human studies we measured levels of activated fB (Bb) in intracoronary blood samples obtained during cardio-pulmonary bypass surgery before and after aortic cross clamping (AXCL), during which global heart ischemia was induced. Intracoronary Bb increased immediately after AXCL, and the levels were directly correlated with peripheral blood levels of cardiac troponin I, an established biomarker of myocardial necrosis (Spearman coefficient = 0.465, P < 0.01). Taken together, our results support the conclusion that circulating fB is a crucial pathophysiological amplifier of I/R-induced, complement-dependent myocardial necrosis and identify fB as a potential therapeutic target for prevention of human myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Chun
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine and Translational Transplant Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ala S. Haddadin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Junying Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Yunfang Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Karen A. Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Daniel Lee
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Julie I. Rushbrook
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Karan Gulaya
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Roberta Hines
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Tamika Hollis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Beatriz Nistal Nuno
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Abeel A. Mangi
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Sabet Hashim
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Marcela Pekna
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Amy Catalfamo
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Hsiao-ying Chin
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Foramben Patel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Long Island University, Brookville, New York, United States of America
| | - Sravani Rayala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Long Island University, Brookville, New York, United States of America
| | - Ketan Shevde
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter S. Heeger
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine and Translational Transplant Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
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40
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Wang J, Zhang P, He H, Se X, Sun W, Chen B, Zhang L, Yan X, Zou K. Eburicoic acid from Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.:Fr.) Murrill attenuates inflammatory responses through inhibiting LPS-induced activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR/NF-κB pathways in RAW264.7 cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:845-856. [PMID: 28577049 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Excessive activation of macrophages has been implicated in various types of inflammatory injury. Suppression of macrophage activation would have therapeutic benefits, leading to the alleviation of the progression of inflammatory diseases. Eburicoic acid (EA) is one of main bioactive components isolated from Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.:Fr.) Murrill. In our previous study, we found that EA possessed anti-inflammatory activities. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory activities remain to be poorly understood. The present study aimed to further evaluate its effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effect by modulating LPS-induced activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway in RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that EA caused no obvious cytotoxicity, and its suitable concentrations on RAW264.7 cells were in the range from 0.02 to 0.08 μM. EA significantly inhibited the releases of inflammatory mediators, nitrite oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2); suppressed mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible nitrite oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β; and reduced levels of phosphorylated PI3K, Akt, mTOR, and NF-κBp65 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. These aforementioned results indicated that EA executed anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, and this effect might be achieved via suppressing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/NF-κB signaling pathway and inhibiting the LPS-induced productions of inflammatory mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China.,Hubei Research Institute of Tujia Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Haibo He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China. .,Hubei Research Institute of Tujia Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China.
| | - Xinxin Se
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Beiyan Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Ximing Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Kun Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China.,Hubei Research Institute of Tujia Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
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41
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Brazee PL, Soni PN, Tokhtaeva E, Magnani N, Yemelyanov A, Perlman HR, Ridge KM, Sznajder JI, Vagin O, Dada LA. FXYD5 Is an Essential Mediator of the Inflammatory Response during Lung Injury. Front Immunol 2017; 8:623. [PMID: 28620381 PMCID: PMC5451504 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The alveolar epithelium secretes cytokines and chemokines that recruit immune cells to the lungs, which is essential for fighting infections but in excess can promote lung injury. Overexpression of FXYD5, a tissue-specific regulator of the Na,K-ATPase, in mice, impairs the alveolo-epithelial barrier, and FXYD5 overexpression in renal cells increases C-C chemokine ligand-2 (CCL2) secretion in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The aim of this study was to determine whether FXYD5 contributes to the lung inflammation and injury. Exposure of alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) to LPS increased FXYD5 levels at the plasma membrane, and FXYD5 silencing prevented both the activation of NF-κB and the secretion of cytokines in response to LPS. Intratracheal instillation of LPS into mice increased FXYD5 levels in the lung. FXYD5 overexpression increased the recruitment of interstitial macrophages and classical monocytes to the lung in response to LPS. FXYD5 silencing decreased CCL2 levels, number of cells, and protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) after LPS treatment, indicating that FXYD5 is required for the NF-κB-stimulated epithelial production of CCL2, the influx of immune cells, and the increase in alveolo-epithelial permeability in response to LPS. Silencing of FXYD5 also prevented the activation of NF-κB and cytokine secretion in response to interferon α and TNF-α, suggesting that pro-inflammatory effects of FXYD5 are not limited to the LPS-induced pathway. Furthermore, in the absence of other stimuli, FXYD5 overexpression in AEC activated NF-κB and increased cytokine production, while FXYD5 overexpression in mice increased cytokine levels in BALF, indicating that FXYD5 is sufficient to induce the NF-κB-stimulated cytokine secretion by the alveolar epithelium. The FXYD5 overexpression also increased cell counts in BALF, which was prevented by silencing the CCL2 receptor (CCR2), or by treating mice with a CCR2-blocking antibody, confirming that FXYD5-induced CCL2 production leads to the recruitment of monocytes to the lung. Taken together, the data demonstrate that FXYD5 is a key contributor to inflammatory lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Brazee
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Pritin N Soni
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Elmira Tokhtaeva
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Natalia Magnani
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alex Yemelyanov
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Harris R Perlman
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Karen M Ridge
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jacob I Sznajder
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Olga Vagin
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Laura A Dada
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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42
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Ma S, Jiang Y, Huang W, Li X, Li S. Role of Transient Receptor Potential Channels in Heart Transplantation: A Potential Novel Therapeutic Target for Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:2340-2347. [PMID: 28516902 PMCID: PMC5444344 DOI: 10.12659/msm.901920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart transplantation has evolved as the criterion standard therapy for end-stage heart failure, but its efficacy is limited by the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), a unique and rapidly progressive form of atherosclerosis in heart transplant recipients. Here, we briefly review the key processes in the development of CAV during heart transplantation and highlight the roles of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in these processes during heart transplantation. Understanding the roles of TRP channels in contributing to the key procedures for the development of CAV during heart transplantation could provide basic scientific knowledge for the development of new preventive and therapeutic approaches to manage patients with CAV after heart transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Ma
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland).,The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland).,The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Weiting Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Xintao Li
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland).,The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Shuzhuang Li
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (mainland)
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43
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Hao Y, Li H, Li Y, Lyu M, Zhang D, Fu R, Guan Y, Wang S, Sun B, Dou X, Yang R. Decreased TLR4 expression on monocytes may cause regulatory T cells abnormality in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. Autoimmunity 2017; 50:283-292. [PMID: 28412855 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2017.1309034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yating Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Huiyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Mingen Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Donglei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Rongfeng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yue Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Boyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xueqing Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Renchi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
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Han JY, Li Q, Ma ZZ, Fan JY. Effects and mechanisms of compound Chinese medicine and major ingredients on microcirculatory dysfunction and organ injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 177:146-173. [PMID: 28322971 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microcirculation dysfunction and organ injury after ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) result from a complex pathologic process consisting of multiple links, with metabolism impairment in the ischemia phase and oxidative stress in the reperfusion phase as initiators, and any treatment targeting a single link is insufficient to cope with this. Compound Chinese medicine (CCM) has been applied in clinics in China and some Asian nations for >2000years. Studies over the past decades revealed the protective and therapeutic effect of CCMs and major ingredients on I/R-induced microcirculatory dysfunction and tissue injury in the heart, brain, liver, intestine, and so on. CCM contains diverse bioactive components with potential for energy metabolism regulation; antioxidant effect; inhibiting inflammatory cytokines release; adhesion molecule expression in leukocyte, platelet, and vascular endothelial cells; and the protection of thrombosis, albumin leakage, and mast cell degranulation. This review covers the major works with respect to the effects and underlying mechanisms of CCM and its ingredients on microcirculatory dysfunction and organ injury after I/R, providing novel ideas for dealing with this threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Quan Li
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Ma
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing-Yu Fan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
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Micheliolide provides protection of mice against Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA infection by down-regulating inflammatory response. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41964. [PMID: 28165033 PMCID: PMC5292736 DOI: 10.1038/srep41964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A major obstacle to therapy in intensive care units is sepsis caused by severe infection. In recent years gram-positive (G+) bacteria, most commonly staphylococci, are thought to be the main pathogens. Micheliolide (MCL) was demonstrated to provide a therapeutic role in rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory intestinal disease, colitis-associated cancer, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS, the main component of G− bacterial cell wall) induced septic shock. We proved here that MCL played an anti-inflammatory role in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) induced peritonitis. It inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in macrophages and dendritic cells upon stimulation with peptidoglycan (PGN, the main cell wall composition of G+ bacteria). PI3K/Akt and NF-κB pathways account for the anti-inflammatory role of MCL after PGN stimulation. MCL reduced IL-6 secretion through down-regulating NF-κB activation and improved the survival status in mice challenged with a lethal dose of S. aureus. In MRSA infection mouse model, MCL down-regulated the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1/CCL2 and IFN-γ in sera, and ameliorated the organ damage of liver and kidney. In conclusion, MCL can help maintain immune equilibrium and decrease PGN, S. aureus and MRSA-triggered inflammatory response. These provide the rationality for the potential usage of MCL in sepsis caused by G+ bacteria (e.g., S. aureus) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (e.g., MRSA).
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He S, Wang X, Chen A. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: the role of adaptor proteins Crk. Perfusion 2017; 32:345-349. [PMID: 28553779 DOI: 10.1177/0267659117691813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) myocardium may act as an immune system where an exaggerated inflammatory reaction initiates. With activation of the immune system, damage-associated molecular patterns migrate and adhere into the I/R region and, consequently, induce myocardial injury. Emerging data have indicated that the adaptor proteins Crk are thought to play essential roles in signaling during apoptosis and cell adhesion and migration. Accumulated data highlight that Crk proteins are potential immunotherapeutic targets in immune diseases. However, very few studies have determined the roles of Crk on myocardial I/R injury. This mini review will focus on the emerging roles of Crk adaptors during myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangfei He
- Department of Cardiology, Zhu Jiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, China
| | - Xianbao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhu Jiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, China
| | - Aihua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhu Jiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, China
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Gao JM, Meng XW, Zhang J, Chen WR, Xia F, Peng K, Ji FH. Dexmedetomidine Protects Cardiomyocytes against Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury by Suppressing TLR4-MyD88-NF- κB Signaling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1674613. [PMID: 29359143 PMCID: PMC5735617 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1674613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously reported that dexmedetomidine (DEX) offers cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Here, we evaluated the role of toll-like receptors 4- (TLR4-) myeloid differentiation primary response 88- (MyD88-) nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in DEX-mediated protection of cardiomyocytes using in vitro models of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). METHODS The experiments were carried out in H9C2 cells and in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Cells pretreated with vehicle or DEX were exposed to hypoxia for 1 h followed by reoxygenation for 12 h. We analyzed cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and measured tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β mRNA levels, TLR4, MyD88, and nuclear NF-κB p65 protein expression and NF-κB p65 nuclear localization. TLR4 knock-down by TLR4 siRNA transfection and overexpression by TLR4 DNA transfection were used to further confirm our findings. RESULTS DEX protected against H/R-induced cell damage and inflammation, as evidenced by increased cell survival rates, decreased LDH activity, and decreased TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β mRNA levels, as well as TLR4 and NF-κB protein expression. TLR4 knock-down partially prevented cell damage following H/R injury, while overexpression of TLR4 abolished the DEX-mediated protective effects. CONCLUSIONS DEX pretreatment protects rat cardiomyocytes against H/R injury. This effect is partly mediated by TLR4 suppression via TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-meng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Xiao-wen Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Wei-rong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Fu-hai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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Alternative Interventions to Prevent Oxidative Damage following Ischemia/Reperfusion. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:7190943. [PMID: 28116037 PMCID: PMC5225393 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7190943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) lesions are a phenomenon that occurs in multiple pathological states and results in a series of events that end in irreparable damage that severely affects the recovery and health of patients. The principal therapeutic approaches include preconditioning, postconditioning, and remote ischemic preconditioning, which when used separately do not have a great impact on patient mortality or prognosis. Oxidative stress is known to contribute to the damage caused by I/R; however, there are no pharmacological approaches to limit or prevent this. Here, we explain the relationship between I/R and the oxidative stress process and describe some pharmacological options that may target oxidative stress-states.
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Kong Q, Dai L, Wang Y, Zhang X, Li C, Jiang S, Li Y, Ding Z, Liu L. HSPA12B Attenuated Acute Myocardial Ischemia/reperfusion Injury via Maintaining Endothelial Integrity in a PI3K/Akt/mTOR-dependent Mechanism. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33636. [PMID: 27644317 PMCID: PMC5028890 DOI: 10.1038/srep33636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial damage is a critical mediator of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. HSPA12B is an endothelial-cell-specifically expressed heat shock protein. However, the roles of HSPA12B in acute myocardial I/R injury is unknown. Here we reported that myocardial I/R upregulated HSPA12B expression in ventricular tissues, and endothelial overexpression of HSPA12B in transgenic mice (Tg) limited infarct size, attenuated cardiac dysfunction and improved cardiomyocyte survival compared with their wild type littermates. These improvements were accompanied with the diminished myocardial no-reflow phenomenon, decreased microvascular leakage, and better maintained endothelial tight junctions. The I/R-evoked neutrophil infiltration was also suppressed in Tg hearts compared with its wild type (WT) littermates. Moreover, Tg hearts exhibited the enhanced activation of PI3K/Akt//mTOR signaling following I/R challenge. However, pharmacological inhibition of PI3K abolished the HSPA12B-induced cardioprotection against myocardial I/R injury. The data demonstrate for the first time that the endothelial HSPA12B protected hearts against myocardial I/R injury. This cardioprotective action of HSPA12B was mediated, at least in part, by improving endothelial integrity in a PI3K/Akt/mTOR-dependent mechanism. Our study suggests that targeting endothelial HSPA12B could be an alternative approach for the management of patients with myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Leyang Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yana Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chuanfu Li
- Departments of Surgery, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN37614, USA
| | - Surong Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhengnian Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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50
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Wang YH, Chen KM, Chiu PS, Lai SC, Su HH, Jan MS, Lin CW, Lu DY, Fu YT, Liao JM, Chang JT, Huang SS. Lumbrokinase attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting TLR4 signaling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 99:113-122. [PMID: 27503317 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lumbrokinase, a novel antithrombotic agent, purified from the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus, has been clinically used to treat stroke and cardiovascular diseases. However, inflammatory responses associated with the cardioprotective effect of lumbrokinase remain unknown. In this study, the signaling pathways involved in lumbrokinase-inhibited expressions of inflammation mediators were investigated in rats subjected to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. The left main coronary artery of anesthetized rats was subjected to 1h occlusion and 3h reperfusion. The animals were treated with/without lumbrokinase and the severities of I-R-induced arrhythmias and infarction were compared. Lumbrokinase inhibited I-R-induced arrhythmias and reduced mortality, as well as decreased the lactate dehydrogenase levels in carotid blood. Lumbrokinase also inhibited the enhancement of I-R induced expressions of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway. Moreover, our results demonstrated that stimulation with lumbrokinase decreases the phosphorylation of JNK, IκB, and NF-κB. These findings suggested that lumbrokinase is a potent cardioprotective drug in rats with I-R injury. The cardioprotective effects of lumbrokinase may be correlated with its inhibitory effect on the I-R-induced expressions of COX-2, iNOS and MMP-9, mediated by TLR4 signaling through JNK and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsin Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Min Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Sung Chiu
- Department of Parasitology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chan Lai
- Department of Parasitology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Hui Su
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming, University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiou Jan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Tsung Fu
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi, Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiuan-Miaw Liao
- Department of Physiology, Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Jinghua Tsai Chang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Oncology and Chest Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Shiang-Suo Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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