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Huang Z, Huang DX, Wang YY, Jiang LJ, Wang YH, Dai J, Kang X, Wen Y, He SY. Features of thromboelastogram in populations exposed to or transferring from high altitude. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25223. [PMID: 38322976 PMCID: PMC10845907 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Thromboelastogram (TEG) is an effective indicator that monitors the dynamic changes of blood coagulation in real-time. It still remains controversial about the performance and influence of coagulation at high altitude. The present study intends to describe comprehensively the clinical features of TEG in populations exposed to or transferring from high altitude. Methods Two groups were recruited in the present study. Group A included young males who worked at high-altitude (4888 m or 5418 m) areas for some time, while Group B included young males who had recently returned from high-altitude (4888 m or 5418 m) areas. Medical examinations were performed using portable devices. Spearman's test was used to evaluate the correlations between thromboelastogram (TEG) variables and other variables. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting various abnormal TEG variables. Results A total of 51 adult males were included in the two groups. Significantly increased reaction time (R) and decreased maximum amplitude (MA) were found in group B (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the comparisons of K and angle between the two groups. Various TEG variables were identified to be correlated with different coagulation and biochemical variables. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that abnormal R was independently associated with direct bilirubin, and abnormal K was independently associated with the platelet count in Group A (P < 0.05). However, none of the factors were independently associated with abnormal TEG variables in Group B. Conclusion Populations exposed to or transferring from high altitudes are characterized by different TEG characteristics. Our findings give a comprehensive description of the complex interaction between TEG indexes, coagulation dynamics, and hematological parameters, which can help guide the development of appropriate medical approaches tailored to the unique needs of these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Huang
- Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610000, China
- Department of General Surgery, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Dong-xin Huang
- Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610000, China
- Department of General Surgery, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610000, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Yan-yan Wang
- Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610000, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Li-juan Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Yong-hua Wang
- Department of Nursing, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Jing Dai
- Laboratory of Basic Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Xia Kang
- Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610000, China
- Department of General Surgery, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Si-yi He
- Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610000, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610000, China
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Carlström M, Rannier Ribeiro Antonino Carvalho L, Guimaraes D, Boeder A, Schiffer TA. Dimethyl malonate preserves renal and mitochondrial functions following ischemia-reperfusion via inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase. Redox Biol 2024; 69:102984. [PMID: 38061207 PMCID: PMC10749277 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI), often experienced at the intensive care units, is associated with high morbidity/mortality where ischemia-reperfusion injury is a main causative factor. Succinate accumulation during ischemia contributes to the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species at reperfusion. Inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase has been associated with protective outcome in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion after 24h, but the effects on kidney and mitochondrial functions are less well studied. AIM To investigate the therapeutic potential of succinate dehydrogenase inhibition, by using dimethyl malonate (DMM), on kidney and mitochondria functions in a mouse model of AKI. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were pre-treated with DMM or placebo, i.p. 30min prior to bilateral renal ischemia (20min). After 3-days of reperfusion, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated from plasma clearance of FITC-inulin. Kidney mitochondria was isolated and mass specific and intrinsic mitochondrial function were evaluated by high resolution respirometry. Kidney sections were stained (i.e., hematoxylin-eosin and TUNEL) and analyzed for histopathological evaluation of injuries and apotosis, respectively. NADPH oxidase activity in kidney and human proximal tubular cell-line (HK2) were measured luminometrically. RESULTS DMM treatment improved GFR (p < 0.05) and reduced levels of blood urea nitrogen (p < 0.01) compared to untreated animals, which was associated with lower degree of ischemia-reperfusion-induced tubular injuries (P < 0.001) and apoptosis (P < 0.01). These therapeutic renal effects were linked with improved mitochondrial function, both mass-specific and intrinsic. Finally, DMM treatment prevented ischemia-reperfusion-induced NADPH oxidase activity in the kidney (p < 0.001), which was showed also in HK2 cells exposed to hypoxia and reoxygenation (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase with DMM, in conjunction with the ischemia-reperfusion phase, significantly improved both renal and mitochondrial functions. These findings may have clinical implications for future therapeutic strategies to prevent development of AKI and associated adverse complications, especially in high risk hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Drielle Guimaraes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ariela Boeder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Tomas A Schiffer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Zheng RF, Kader K, Liu DW, Su WL, Xu L, Jin YY, Xing JG. A network pharmacology approach to decipher the mechanism of total flavonoids from Dracocephalum Moldavica L. in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:15. [PMID: 38169375 PMCID: PMC10759627 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Cardiovascular disease (CVD) seriously endangers human health and is characterized by high mortality and disability. The effectiveness of Dracocephalum moldavica L. in the treatment of CVD has been proven by clinical practice. However, the mechanism by which DML can treat CVD has not been systematically determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS The active compounds in DML were screened by literature mining and pharmacokinetic analysis. Cytoscape software was used to construct the target-disease interaction network of DML in the treatment of CVD. Gene ontology and signalling pathway enrichment analyses were performed. The key target pathway network of DML compounds was constructed and verified by pharmacological experiments in vitro. A hydrogen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model was established in H9c2 cells using hypoxia and glucose deprivation for 9 h combined with reoxygenation for 2 h. The model simulated myocardial ischaemic reperfusion injury to investigate the effects of total flavonoids of Cymbidium on cell viability, myocardial injury markers, oxidative stress levels, and reactive oxygen radical levels. Western blot analysis was used to examine NOX-4, Bcl-2/Bax, and PGC-1α protein expression. RESULTS Twenty-seven active components were screened, and 59 potential drug targets for the treatment of CVD were obtained. Through the compound-target interaction network and the target-disease interaction network, the key targets and key signalling pathways, such as NOX-4, Bcl-2/Bax and PGC-1α, were obtained. TFDM significantly decreased LDH and MDA levels and the production of ROS and increased SOD activity levels in the context of OGD/R injury. Further studies indicated that NOX-4 and Bax protein levels and the p-P38 MAPK/P38 MAPK andp-Erk1/2/Erk1/2 ratios were suppressed by TFDM. The protein expression of Bcl-2 and PGC-1α was increased by TFDM. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that DML had multicomponent, multitarget and multichannel characteristics in the treatment of CVD. The mechanism may be associated with the following signalling pathways: 1) the NOX-4/ROS/p38 MAPK signalling pathway, which inhibits inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and 2) the Bcl-2/Bax and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signalling pathways, which inhibit apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Fang Zheng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Uygur Medical Research, Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, 830004, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Preclinical Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaderyea Kader
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Uygur Medical Research, Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, 830004, China
| | - Di-Wei Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Uygur Medical Research, Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, 830004, China
| | - Wen-Ling Su
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Uygur Medical Research, Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, 830004, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Uygur Medical Research, Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, 830004, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Jin
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Dongcheng District, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Tiantanxili, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jian-Guo Xing
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Uygur Medical Research, Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, 830004, China.
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Han X, Wang H, Du F, Zeng X, Guo C. Nrf2 for a key member of redox regulation: A novel insight against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injuries. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115855. [PMID: 37939614 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), a nuclear transcription factor, modulates genes responsible for antioxidant responses against toxic and oxidative stress to maintain redox homeostasis and participates in varieties of cellular processes such as metabolism and inflammation during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injuries (MIRI). The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from damaged mitochondria, xanthine oxidase, NADPH oxidases, and inflammation contributes to depraved myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injuries. Considering that Nrf2 played crucial roles in antagonizing oxidative stress, it is reasonable to delve into the up or down-regulated molecular mechanisms of Nrf2 in the progression of MIRI to provide the possibility of new therapeutic medicine targeting Nrf2 in cardiovascular diseases. This review systematically describes the generation of ROS, the regulatory metabolisms of Nrf2 as well as several natural or synthetic compounds activating Nrf2 during MIRI, which might provide novel insights for the anti-oxidative stress and original ideas targeting Nrf2 for the prevention and treatment in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Han
- Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1 Dongjiaomin Lane, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, No. 10 You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Fenghe Du
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, PR China
| | - Xiangjun Zeng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, No. 10 You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Caixia Guo
- Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1 Dongjiaomin Lane, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, PR China.
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Yang X, Wang G. Fasudil mediates neuroprotection in ischemia/reperfusion by modulating the ROCK-PPARα-NOX axis. Acta Cir Bras 2023; 38:e387023. [PMID: 38055403 DOI: 10.1590/acb387023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a neurovascular disorder that leads to brain injury. In mice, Fasudil improves nerve injury induced by I/R. However, it is unclear if this is mediated by increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) expression and reduced oxidative damage. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective mechanism of action of Fasudil. METHODS MCAO (Middle cerebral artery occlusion) was performed in male C57BL/6J wild-type and PPARα KO mice between September 2021 to April 2023. Mice were treated with Fasudil and saline; 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was performed to analyze cerebral infarction. PPARα and Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) expression were detected using Western blot, and the expression of NADPH subunit Nox2 mRNA was detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The NADPH oxidase activity level and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content were also investigated. RESULTS After cerebral ischemia, the volume of cerebral necrosis was reduced in wild-type mice treated with Fasudil. The expression of PPARα was increased, while ROCK was decreased. Nox2 mRNA expression, NADPH oxidase activity, and ROS content decreased. There were no significant changes in cerebral necrosis volumes, NADPH oxidase activity, and ROS content in the PPARα KO mice treated with Fasudil. CONCLUSIONS In mice, the neuroprotective effect of Fasudil depends on the expression of PPARα induced by ROCK-PPARα-NOX axis-mediated reduction in ROS and associated oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xitong Yang
- Xitong Yang, Master, Genetic Testing Center, The First Affiliated hospital of Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Guangming Wang
- Guangming Wang, PhD, Professor, Genetic Testing Center, The First Affiliated hospital of Dali University, Dali, China
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Yang Y, Hao T, Yao X, Che Y, Liu Y, Fang M, Wang Y, Zhou D, Chai H, Li N, Hou Y. Crebanine ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion brain damage by inhibiting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation mediated by NADPH oxidase 2 in microglia. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 120:155044. [PMID: 37634486 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The urgent challenge for ischemic stroke treatment is the lack of effective neuroprotectants that target multiple pathological processes. Crebanine, an isoquinoline-like alkaloid with superior pharmacological activities, presents itself as a promising candidate for neuroprotection. However, its effects and mechanisms on ischemic stroke remain unknown. METHODS The effects of crebanine on brain damage following ischemic stroke were evaluated using the middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) model. Mechanism of action was investigated using both MCAO/R rats and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV-2 cells. RESULTS We initially demonstrated that crebanine effectively ameliorated the neurological deficits in MCAO/R rats, while also reducing brain edema and infarction. Treatment with crebanine resulted in the up-regulation of NeuN+ fluorescence density and down-regulation of FJB+ cell count, and mitigated synaptic damage. Crebanine attenuated the hyperactivation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2) by downregulating NADP+ and NADPH levels, suppressing gp91phox and p47phox expressions, and reducing p47phox membrane translocation in Iba-1+ cells. Additionally, crebanine reduced the quantity of Iba-1+ cells and protein expression. Correlation analysis has demonstrated that the inhibition of NOX2 activation in microglia is beneficial for mitigating I/R brain injuries. Moreover, crebanine exhibited significant antioxidant properties by down-regulating the expression of superoxide anion and intracellular reactive oxygen species in vivo and in vitro, and reducing lipid and DNA peroxidation. Crebanine exerted anti-inflammatory effect, as evidenced by the reduction in the expressions of nitric oxide, interleukin 1β, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The effect of crebanine was achieved through the suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway. This is supported by evidence showing reduced NF-κB p65 promoter activity and nucleus translocation, as well as suppressed IκBα phosphorylation and degradation. Additionally, it inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPKs. Importantly, the anti-oxidative stress and neuroinflammation effects of crebanine were further enhanced after silencing gp91phox and p47phox. CONCLUSION Crebanine alleviated the brain damages of MCAO/R rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation mediated by NOX2 in microglia, implying crebanine might be a potential natural drug for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tingyu Hao
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaohu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Che
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yueyang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingxia Fang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huifang Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yue Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China.
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Gao ZY, Jiang YJ, Wang J, Li C, Zhang DL. Inhibition of angiotensin II type 1 receptor reduces oxidative stress damage to the intestinal barrier in severe acute pancreatitis. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2023; 39:824-833. [PMID: 37132556 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier injury is a common complication of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), which is often accompanied by intestinal mucosal barrier injury and results in serious consequences. However, the exact mechanism remains unclear. We aimed to investigate whether angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1)-mediated oxidative stress is involved in SAP intestinal barrier injury and assessed the effects of inhibiting this pathway. The SAP model was established by retrograde bile duct injection of sodium taurocholate (5%). The rats were divided into three groups: the control group (SO), the SAP group (SAP), and the azilsartan intervention group (SAP + AZL). Serum amylase, lipase, and other indexes were measured to evaluate SAP severity in each group. Histopathological changes in the pancreas and intestine were evaluated by HE staining. The oxidative stress of intestinal epithelial cells was detected by superoxide dismutase and glutathione. We also detected the expression and distribution of intestinal barrier-related proteins. The results showed that the serum indexes, the severity of tissue damage, and the level of oxidative stress in the SAP + AZL group were significantly lower than in the SAP group. Our study provided hitherto undocumented evidence of AT1 expression in the intestinal mucosa, confirming that AT1-mediated oxidative stress is involved in SAP intestinal mucosal injury, and inhibiting this pathway could effectively reduce intestinal mucosal oxidative stress injury, providing a new and effective target for the treatment of SAP intestinal barrier injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yu Gao
- Department of the First General Surgery, Qingdao University, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying-Jian Jiang
- Department of the First General Surgery, Qingdao University, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of the First General Surgery, Qingdao University, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of the First General Surgery, Qingdao University, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Dian-Liang Zhang
- Department of the First General Surgery, Qingdao University, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Xu S, Huang P, Yang J, Du H, Wan H, He Y. Calycosin alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by repressing autophagy via STAT3/FOXO3a signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 115:154845. [PMID: 37148714 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a common cerebrovascular disease (CVD) of the elderly, ischemic stroke (IS) is characterized by high disability and mortality. Excessive autophagy induced by IS is implicated in neuronal death, therefore, the inhibition of immoderate autophagy is viewed as a potential therapeutic avenue to treat IS. Calysoin (CA) is a bioactive component of Radix Astragali, which has been widely used to treat CVDs. However, the mechanism of the treatment of IS by CA is still problematic. PURPOSE Based on the result of network pharmacology, whether CA inhibited autophagy by regulating the STAT3/FOXO3a pathway to alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) was investigated in vivo and in vitro for the first time. STUDY DESIGN Integrate computational prediction and experimental validation based on network pharmacology. METHODS In current study, network pharmacology was applied to predict the mechanism of the treatment of IS by CA, and it was shown that CA alleviated CIRI by inhibiting autophagy via STAT3/FOXO3a signaling pathway. One hundred and twenty adult male specific pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats in vivo and PC12 cells in vitro were used to verify the above prediction results. The rat middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model was established by suture method, and oxygen glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R) model was used to simulate cerebral ischemia in vivo. The content of MDA, TNF-α, ROS and TGF-β1 in rat serum were detected by ELISA kits. The mRNA and protein expressions in brain tissue were detected by RT-PCR and Western Blotting. The expressions of LC3 in brain were detected immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS The experimental results demonstrated that administration of CA dosage-dependently improved rat CIRI as evidenced by the reduction in the cerebral infarct volume, amelioration of the neurological deficits. HE staining and transmission electron microscopy results revealed that CA ameliorated cerebral histopathological damage, abnormal mitochondrial morphology, and damaged mitochondrial cristae structure in MCAO/R rats. CA treatment exerted protective effects in CIRI by inhibiting inflammation response, oxidative stress injury, and cell apoptosis in rat and PC12 cells. CA relieved excessive autophagy induced by MCAO/R or OGD/R through downregulating the LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio and upregulating the SQSTM1 expression. CA treatment also decreased p-STAT3/STAT3 and p-FOXO3a/FOXO3a ratio in the cytoplasm and modulated the autophagy-related gene expression both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION Treatment with CA attenuated CIRI by reducing excessive autophagy via STAT3/FOXO3a signal pathway in rat and PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouchao Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ping Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Haixia Du
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Okazaki K, Nakamura S, Koyano K, Konishi Y, Kondo M, Kusaka T. Neonatal asphyxia as an inflammatory disease: Reactive oxygen species and cytokines. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1070743. [PMID: 36776908 PMCID: PMC9911547 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1070743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatologists resuscitate asphyxiated neonates by every available means, including positive ventilation, oxygen therapy, and drugs. Asphyxiated neonates sometimes present symptoms that mimic those of inflammation, such as fever and edema. The main pathophysiology of the asphyxia is inflammation caused by hypoxic-ischemic reperfusion. At birth or in the perinatal period, neonates may suffer several, hypoxic insults, which can activate inflammatory cells and inflammatory mediator production leading to the release of larger quantities of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This in turn triggers the production of oxygen stress-induced high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1), an endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) protein bound to toll-like receptor (TLR) -4, which activates nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), resulting in the production of excess inflammatory mediators. ROS and inflammatory mediators are produced not only in activated inflammatory cells but also in non-immune cells, such as endothelial cells. Hypothermia inhibits pro-inflammatory mediators. A combination therapy of hypothermia and medications, such as erythropoietin and melatonin, is attracting attention now. These medications have both anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. As the inflammatory response and oxidative stress play a critical role in the pathophysiology of neonatal asphyxia, these drugs may contribute to improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Okazaki
- Department of Neonatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kosuke Koyano
- Maternal Perinatal Center, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Konishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kondo
- Department of Neonatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kusaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
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10
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Gerganova G, Riddell A, Miller AA. CNS border-associated macrophages in the homeostatic and ischaemic brain. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108220. [PMID: 35667516 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CNS border-associated macrophages (BAMs) are a small population of specialised macrophages localised in the choroid plexus, meningeal and perivascular spaces. Until recently, the function of this elusive cell type was poorly understood and largely overlooked, especially in comparison to microglia, the primary brain resident immune cell. However, the recent single cell immunophenotyping or transcriptomic analysis of BAM subsets in the homeostatic brain, coupled with the rapid emergence of new studies exploring BAM functions in various cerebral pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease, hypertension-induced neurovascular and cognitive dysfunction, and ischaemic stroke, has unveiled previously unrecognised heterogeneity and spatial-temporal complexity in BAM populations as well as their contributions to brain homeostasis and disease. In this review, we discuss the implications of this new-found knowledge on our current understanding of BAM function in ischaemic stroke. We first provide a comprehensive overview and discussion of the cell-surface expression profiles, transcriptional signatures and potential functional phenotypes of homeostatic BAM subsets described in recent studies. Evidence for their putative physiological roles is examined, including their involvement in immunological surveillance, waste clearance, and vascular permeability. We discuss the evidence supporting the accumulation and genetic transformation of BAMs in response to ischaemia and appraise the experimental evidence that BAM function might be deleterious in the acute phase of stroke, while considering the mechanisms by which BAMs may influence stroke outcomes in the longer term. Finally, we review the therapeutic potential of immunomodulatory strategies as an approach to stroke management, highlighting current challenges in the field and key issues relating to BAMs, and how BAMs could be harnessed experimentally to support future translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Gerganova
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Riddell
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Alyson A Miller
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom.
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11
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Li Z, Bi R, Sun S, Chen S, Chen J, Hu B, Jin H. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Acute Ischemic Stroke-Related Thrombosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8418820. [PMID: 36439687 PMCID: PMC9683973 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8418820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke is a serious life-threatening disease that affects almost 600 million people each year throughout the world with a mortality of more than 10%, while two-thirds of survivors remain disabled. However, the available treatments for ischemic stroke are still limited to thrombolysis and/or mechanical thrombectomy, and there is an urgent need for developing new therapeutic target. Recently, intravascular oxidative stress, derived from endothelial cells, platelets, and leukocytes, has been found to be tightly associated with stroke-related thrombosis. It not only promotes primary thrombus formation by damaging endothelial cells and platelets but also affects thrombus maturation and stability by modifying fibrin components. Thus, oxidative stress is expected to be a novel target for the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke. In this review, we first discuss the mechanisms by which oxidative stress promotes stroke-related thrombosis, then summarize the oxidative stress biomarkers of stroke-related thrombosis, and finally put forward an antithrombotic therapy targeting oxidative stress in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Rentang Bi
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shuai Sun
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shengcai Chen
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jiefang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Huijuan Jin
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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12
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Yingze Y, Zhihong J, Tong J, Yina L, Zhi Z, Xu Z, Xiaoxing X, Lijuan G. NOX2-mediated reactive oxygen species are double-edged swords in focal cerebral ischemia in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:184. [PMID: 35836200 PMCID: PMC9281066 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02551-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) often promote acute brain injury after stroke, but their roles in the recovery phase have not been well studied. We tested the hypothesis that ROS activity mediated by NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) contributes to acute brain injury but promotes functional recovery during the delayed phase, which is linked with neuroinflammation, autophagy, angiogenesis, and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. METHODS We used the NOX2 inhibitor apocynin to study the role of NOX2 in brain injury and functional recovery in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke mouse model. Infarct size, neurological deficits and behavior were evaluated on days 3, 7, 10 and 14 after reperfusion. In addition, dynamic NOX2-induced ROS levels were measured by dihydroethidium (DHE) staining. Autophagy, inflammasomes, and angiogenesis were measured by immunofluorescence staining and western blotting. RNA sequencing was performed, and bioinformatics technology was used to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs), as well as the enrichment of biological functions and signaling pathways in ischemia penumbra at 7 days after reperfusion. Then, Akt pathway-related proteins were further evaluated by western blotting. RESULTS Our results showed that apocynin injection attenuated infarct size and mortality 3 days after stroke but promoted mortality and blocked functional recovery from 5 to 14 days after stroke. DHE staining showed that ROS levels were increased at 3 days after reperfusion and then gradually declined in WT mice, and these levels were significantly reduced by the NOX2 inhibitor apocynin. RNA-Seq analysis indicated that apocynin activated the immune response under hypoxic conditions. The immunofluorescence and western blot results demonstrated that apocynin inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome and promoted angiogenesis at 3 days but promoted the NLRP3 inflammasome and inhibited angiogenesis at 7 and 14 days after stroke, which was mediated by regulating autophagy activation. Furthermore, RNA-Seq and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that apocynin injection resulted in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway enrichment after 7 days of MCAO. We then used an animal model to show that apocynin decreased the protein levels of phosphorylated PI3K and Akt and NF-κB p65, confirming that the PI3K-Akt-NF-κB pathway is involved in apocynin-mediated activation of inflammation and inhibition of angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS NOX2-induced ROS production is a double-edged sword that exacerbates brain injury in the acute phase but promotes functional recovery. This effect appears to be achieved by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and promoting angiogenesis via autophagy activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yingze
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jian Zhihong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jin Tong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Li Yina
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zeng Zhi
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhang Xu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiong Xiaoxing
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Gu Lijuan
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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13
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Yin and Yang of NADPH Oxidases in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061069. [PMID: 35739967 PMCID: PMC9220061 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is critically involved in the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemic-reperfusion (I/R) injury. NADPH oxidase (Nox) 2 and 4, major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiomyocytes, are upregulated in response to I/R. Suppression of Nox-derived ROS prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to attenuation of myocardial I/R injury. However, minimal levels of ROS by either Nox2 or Nox4 are required for energy metabolism during I/R in the heart, preserving hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) levels. Furthermore, extreme suppression of Nox activity induces reductive stress, leading to paradoxical increases in ROS levels. Nox4 has distinct roles in organelles such as mitochondria, ER, and ER-mitochondria contact sites (MAMs). Mitochondrial Nox4 exerts a detrimental effect, causing ROS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction during I/R, whereas Nox4 in the ER and MAMs is potentially protective against I/R injury through regulation of autophagy and MAM function, respectively. Although Nox isoforms are potential therapeutic targets for I/R injury, to maximize the effect of intervention, it is likely important to optimize the ROS level and selectively inhibit Nox4 in mitochondria. Here, we discuss the ‘Yin and Yang’ functions of Nox isoforms during myocardial I/R.
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14
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Xu L, Gao Y, Hu M, Dong Y, Xu J, Zhang J, Lv P. Edaravone dexborneol protects cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury through activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in mice. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 36:790-800. [PMID: 35470467 PMCID: PMC9545784 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of disability and death. When blood flow is restored after prolonged ischemia and hypoxia, it leads to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased local inflammation, and apoptosis, which are the cause of most cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI), leading to secondary brain tissue damage. Edaravone dexborneol is a novel neuroprotective agent consisting of edaravone and borneol. Studies have shown that it has synergistic antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects. However, whether Edaravone dexborneol stimulates the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway to regulate NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) remains unclear. In this study, wild‐type (WT) mice and Nrf2 knockout (KO) mice were used to investigate the antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐apoptotic effects of Edaravone dexborneol on CIRI and its mechanism. The cognitive function of mice was evaluated with the Morris water maze (MWM), test and the cell structures of hippocampus were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Nrf2, HO‐1, and NOX2 proteins and apoptosis‐related proteins Bcl‐2, Bax, and Caspase 3 were detected by western blotting. Nrf2, HO‐1, NOX2, and inflammatory factors TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐4, and IL‐10 were detected by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that Edaravone dexborneol treatment improved learning and memory performance, neuronal damage, and enhanced antioxidant, inflammation, and apoptosis in CIRI mice. In addition, Edaravone dexborneol induced the activation Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway activation while inhibiting NOX2 expression. Overall, these results indicate that Edaravone dexborneol ameliorates CIRI‐induced memory impairments by activating Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway and inhibiting NOX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xu
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Yaran Gao
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanhong Dong
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Peiyuan Lv
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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15
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Schwartz AG. Dehydroepiandrosterone, Cancer, and Aging. Aging Dis 2022; 13:423-432. [PMID: 35371612 PMCID: PMC8947821 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological significance of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) which, in the form of its sulfated ester is the most abundant steroid hormone in human plasma, is an enigma. Over the past years, numerous investigators have reported preclinical findings that DHEA has preventive and therapeutic efficacy in treating major age-associated diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, as well as ameliorating the deleterious effects of excess cortisol exposure. Epidemiological studies have also found that low DHEA(S) levels predict an increased all-cause mortality. However, clinical trials, in which oral doses of DHEA at 50 mg-100 mg have been administered to elderly individuals for up to two years, have produced no clear evidence of benefit in parameters such as body composition, peak volume of oxygen consumption, muscle strength, or insulin sensitivity. I discuss why clinical trials, which use doses of DHEA in the 100 mg range, which are the human equivalent of about 1/20th the doses used in animal studies, are an inadequate test of DHEA's therapeutic potential. I also discuss three mechanisms of DHEA action that very likely contribute to its biological effects in animal studies. Lastly, I describe the development of a DHEA analog which lacks DHEA's androgenic and estrogenic action and that demonstrates enhanced potency and is currently in clinical trials. The use of such analogs may provide a better understanding of DHEA's potential therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur G Schwartz
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Arthur G. Schwartz, Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Department of Microbiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, USA.
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16
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Wu Q, Gurpinar A, Roberts M, Camelliti P, Ruggieri MR, Wu C. Identification of the NADPH Oxidase (Nox) Subtype and the Source of Superoxide Production in the Micturition Centre. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:183. [PMID: 35205049 PMCID: PMC8868587 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative inflammatory damage to specialised brain centres may lead to dysfunction of their associated peripheral organs, such as the bladder. However, the source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in specific brain regions that regulate bladder function is poorly understood. Of all ROS-generating enzymes, the NADPH oxidase (Nox) family produces ROS as its sole function and offers an advantage over other enzymes as a drug-targetable molecule to selectively control excessive ROS. We investigated whether the Nox 2 subtype is expressed in the micturition regulatory periaqueductal gray (PAG) and Barrington's nucleus (pontine micturition centre, PMC) and examined Nox-derived ROS production in these structures. C57BL/6J mice were used; PAG, PMC, cardiac tissue, and aorta were isolated. Western blot determined Nox 2 expression. Lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence quantified real-time superoxide production. Western blot experiments demonstrated the presence of Nox 2 in PAG and PMC. There was significant NADPH-dependent superoxide production in both brain tissues, higher than that in cardiac tissue. Superoxide generation in these brain tissues was significantly suppressed by the Nox inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) and also reduced by the Nox-2 specific inhibitor GSK2795039, comparable to aorta. These data provide the first evidence for the presence of Nox 2 and Nox-derived ROS production in micturition centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Ayse Gurpinar
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Maxwell Roberts
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Patrizia Camelliti
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Michael R Ruggieri
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Changhao Wu
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
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17
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Kelmanson IV, Shokhina AG, Kotova DA, Pochechuev MS, Ivanova AD, Kostyuk AI, Panova AS, Borodinova AA, Solotenkov MA, Stepanov EA, Raevskii RI, Moshchenko AA, Pak VV, Ermakova YG, van Belle GJC, Tarabykin V, Balaban PM, Fedotov IV, Fedotov AB, Conrad M, Bogeski I, Katschinski DM, Doeppner TR, Bähr M, Zheltikov AM, Belousov VV, Bilan DS. In vivo dynamics of acidosis and oxidative stress in the acute phase of an ischemic stroke in a rodent model. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102178. [PMID: 34773835 PMCID: PMC8600061 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic cerebral stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in humans. However, molecular processes underlying the development of this pathology remain poorly understood. There are major gaps in our understanding of metabolic changes that occur in the brain tissue during the early stages of ischemia and reperfusion. In particular, it is generally accepted that both ischemia (I) and reperfusion (R) generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative stress which is one of the main drivers of the pathology, although ROS generation during I/R was never demonstrated in vivo due to the lack of suitable methods. In the present study, we record for the first time the dynamics of intracellular pH and H2O2 during I/R in cultured neurons and during experimental stroke in rats using the latest generation of genetically encoded biosensors SypHer3s and HyPer7. We detect a buildup of powerful acidosis in the brain tissue that overlaps with the ischemic core from the first seconds of pathogenesis. At the same time, no significant H2O2 generation was found in the acute phase of ischemia/reperfusion. HyPer7 oxidation in the brain was detected only 24 h later. Comparison of in vivo experiments with studies on cultured neurons under I/R demonstrates that the dynamics of metabolic processes in these models significantly differ, suggesting that a cell culture is a poor predictor of metabolic events in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Kelmanson
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arina G Shokhina
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria A Kotova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Matvei S Pochechuev
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Alexandra D Ivanova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Biological Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Alexander I Kostyuk
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Anastasiya S Panova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Borodinova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117485, Russia
| | - Maxim A Solotenkov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Stepanov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia; Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, 143025, Russia
| | - Roman I Raevskii
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Moshchenko
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Valeriy V Pak
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Yulia G Ermakova
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany
| | - Gijsbert J C van Belle
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Viktor Tarabykin
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Pavel M Balaban
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117485, Russia
| | - Ilya V Fedotov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia; Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, 143025, Russia; Kazan Quantum Center, A.N. Tupolev Kazan National Research Technical University, Kazan, 420126, Russia; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Andrei B Fedotov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia; Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, 143025, Russia
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Ivan Bogeski
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dörthe M Katschinski
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten R Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany; Istanbul Medipol University, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, School of Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Aleksei M Zheltikov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia; Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, 143025, Russia; Kazan Quantum Center, A.N. Tupolev Kazan National Research Technical University, Kazan, 420126, Russia; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Dmitry S Bilan
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
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18
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Fang J, Sheng R, Qin ZH. NADPH Oxidases in the Central Nervous System: Regional and Cellular Localization and the Possible Link to Brain Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:951-973. [PMID: 34293949 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The significant role of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (Nox) in signal transduction is mediated by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially in the central nervous system (CNS). The pathogenesis of some neurologic and psychiatric diseases is regulated by ROS, acting as a second messenger or pathogen. Recent Advances: In the CNS, the involvement of Nox-derived ROS has been implicated in the regulation of multiple signals, including cell survival/apoptosis, neuroinflammation, migration, differentiation, proliferation, and synaptic plasticity, as well as the integrity of the blood/brain barrier. In these processes, the intracellular signals mediated by the members of the Nox family vary among different tissues. The present review illuminates the regions and cellular, subcellular localization of Nox isoforms in the brain, the signal transduction, and the role of NOX enzymes in pathophysiology, respectively. Critical Issues: Different signal transduction cascades are coupled to ROS derived from various Nox homologues with varying degrees. Therefore, a critical issue worth noting is the varied role of the homologues of NOX enzymes in different signaling pathways and also they mediate different phenotypes in the diverse pathophysiological condition. This substantiates the effectiveness of selective Nox inhibitors in the CNS. Future Directions: Further investigation to elucidate the role of various homologues of NOX enzymes in acute and chronic brain diseases and signaling mechanisms, and the development of more specific NOX inhibitors for the treatment of CNS disease are urgently needed. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 951-973.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fang
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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19
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Kadir RRA, Alwjwaj M, McCarthy Z, Bayraktutan U. Therapeutic hypothermia augments the restorative effects of PKC-β and Nox2 inhibition on an in vitro model of human blood-brain barrier. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1817-1832. [PMID: 34398388 PMCID: PMC8437893 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether therapeutic hypothermia augments the restorative impact of protein kinase C-β (PKC-β) and Nox2 inhibition on an in vitro model of human blood-brain barrier (BBB). Cells cultured in normoglycaemic (5.5 mM) or hyperglycaemic (25 mM, 6 to 120 h) conditions were treated with therapeutic hypothermia (35 °C) in the absence or presence of a PKC-β inhibitor (LY333531, 0.05 μM) or a Nox2 inhibitor (gp91ds-tat, 50 μM). BBB was established by co-culture of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) with astrocytes (HAs) and pericytes. BBB integrity and function were assessed via transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and paracellular flux of sodium fluorescein (NaF, 376 Da). Nox activity (lucigenin assay), superoxide anion production (cytochrome-C reduction assay), cellular proliferative capacity (wound scratch assay) and actin cytoskeletal formation (rhodamine-phalloidin staining) were assessed both in HBMECs and HAs using the specific methodologies indicated in brackets. Therapeutic hypothermia augmented the protective effects of PKC-β or Nox2 inhibition on BBB integrity and function in experimental setting of hyperglycaemia, as evidenced by increases in TEER and concomitant decreases in paracellular flux of NaF. The combinatory approaches were more effective in repairing physical damage exerted on HBMEC and HA monolayers by wound scratch and in decreasing Nox activity and superoxide anion production compared to sole treatment regimen with either agent. Similarly, the combinatory approaches were more effective in suppressing actin stress fibre formation and maintaining normal cytoskeletal structure. Therapeutic hypothermia augments the cerebral barrier-restorative capacity of agents specifically targeting PKC-β or Nox2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rais Reskiawan A Kadir
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Mansour Alwjwaj
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Zoe McCarthy
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Ulvi Bayraktutan
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK.
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20
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Zhuang L, Olszewski K, Gan B. NADPH debt drives redox bankruptcy: SLC7A11/xCT-mediated cystine uptake as a double-edged sword in cellular redox regulation. Genes Dis 2021; 8:731-745. [PMID: 34522704 PMCID: PMC8427322 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystine/glutamate antiporter solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11; also known as xCT) plays a key role in antioxidant defense by mediating cystine uptake, promoting glutathione synthesis, and maintaining cell survival under oxidative stress conditions. Recent studies showed that, to prevent toxic buildup of highly insoluble cystine inside cells, cancer cells with high expression of SLC7A11 (SLC7A11high) are forced to quickly reduce cystine to more soluble cysteine, which requires substantial NADPH supply from the glucose-pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) route, thereby inducing glucose- and PPP-dependency in SLC7A11high cancer cells. Limiting glucose supply to SLC7A11high cancer cells results in significant NADPH “debt”, redox “bankruptcy”, and subsequent cell death. This review summarizes our current understanding of NADPH-generating and -consuming pathways, discusses the opposing role of SLC7A11 in protecting cells from oxidative stress–induced cell death such as ferroptosis but promoting glucose starvation–induced cell death, and proposes the concept that SLC7A11-mediated cystine uptake acts as a double-edged sword in cellular redox regulation. A detailed understanding of SLC7A11 in redox biology may identify metabolic vulnerabilities in SLC7A11high cancer for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yilei Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Li Zhuang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Boyi Gan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,The University of Texas, MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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21
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Wasan H, Singh D, Joshi B, Sharma U, Dinda AK, Reeta KH. Post Stroke Safinamide Treatment Attenuates Neurological Damage by Modulating Autophagy and Apoptosis in Experimental Model of Stroke in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6121-6135. [PMID: 34453687 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exploring and repurposing a drug have become a lower risk alternative. Safinamide, approved for Parkinson's disease, has shown neuroprotection in various animal models of neurological disorders. The present study aimed to explore the potential of safinamide in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were used in middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke. The effective dose of safinamide was selected based on the results of neurobehavioral parameters and reduction in infarct size assessed 24 h post-reperfusion. For sub-acute study, the treatment with effective dose was extended for 3 days and effects on neurobehavioral parameters, infarct size (TTC staining and MRI), oxidative stress parameters (MDA, GSH, SOD, NOX-2), inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10), apoptosis (Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3 expression, and TUNEL staining), and autophagy (pAMPK, Beclin-1, LC3-II expression) were studied. The results of dose selection study showed significant reduction (p < 0.05) in infarct size and improvement in neurobehavioral parameters with safinamide (80 mg/kg). In sub-acute study, safinamide showed significant (p < 0.05) improvement in motor coordination and infarct size reduction. Additionally, safinamide treatment significantly normalized altered redox homeostasis and inflammatory cytokine levels. However, no change was observed in expression of NOX-2 in I/R or safinamide treatment group when compared with sham. I/R induced deranged expression of apoptotic markers and increased TUNEL positive cells in cortex were significantly normalized with safinamide treatment. Further, safinamide significantly (p < 0.05) induced the expressions of autophagic proteins (Beclin-1 and LC3-II) in cortex. Overall, the results demonstrated neuroprotective potential of safinamide via anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and autophagy inducing properties. Thus, safinamide can be explored for repurposing in ischemic stroke after further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himika Wasan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Devendra Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Balu Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Uma Sharma
- Department of NMR, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A K Dinda
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - K H Reeta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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22
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Role of Oxidative Stress in Reperfusion following Myocardial Ischemia and Its Treatments. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6614009. [PMID: 34055195 PMCID: PMC8149218 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6614009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia is a disease with high morbidity and mortality, for which reperfusion is currently the standard intervention. However, the reperfusion may lead to further myocardial damage, known as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI). Oxidative stress is one of the most important pathological mechanisms in reperfusion injury, which causes apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, and some other damage in cardiomyocytes through multiple pathways, thus causing irreversible cardiomyocyte damage and cardiac dysfunction. This article reviews the pathological mechanisms of oxidative stress involved in reperfusion injury and the interventions for different pathways and targets, so as to form systematic treatments for oxidative stress-induced myocardial reperfusion injury and make up for the lack of monotherapy.
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Hsieh YS, Shin YK, Seol GH. Protection of the neurovascular unit from calcium-related ischemic injury by linalyl acetate. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2021; 64:88-96. [PMID: 33938819 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_94_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium-related ischemic injury (CRII) can damage cells of the neurovascular unit (NVU). Here, we investigate the protective effects of linalyl acetate (LA) against CRII-induced NVU damage and evaluate the underlying mechanisms. The protective effects of LA in cell lines representative of NVU components (BEND, SH-SY5Y, BV2, and U373 cells) were evaluated following exposure to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation alone (OGD/R-only) or OGD/R in the presence of 5 mM extracellular calcium ([Ca2+]o) to mimic CRII. LA reversed damage under OGD/R-only conditions by blocking p47phox/NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2 expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, nitric oxide (NO) abnormality, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release only in the BEND cells. However, under CRII-mimicking conditions, LA reversed NO abnormality and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activation in the BEND murine brain endothelial cells; inhibited p47phox expression in the human SH-SY5Y neural-like cells; decreased NOX2 expression and ROS generation in the BV2 murine microglial cells; and reduced p47phox expression in the U373 human astrocyte-like cells. Importantly, LA protected against impairment of the neural cells, astrocytes, and microglia, all of which are cellular components of the NVU induced by exposure to CRII-mimicking conditions, by reducing LDH release. We found that LA exerted a protective effect in the BEND cells that may differ from its protective effects in other NVU cell types, following OGD/R-induced damage in the context of elevated [Ca2+]o.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shan Hsieh
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You Kyoung Shin
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Hee Seol
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing; BK21 FOUR Program of Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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24
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Ma R, Xie Q, Li H, Guo X, Wang J, Li Y, Ren M, Gong D, Gao T. l-Borneol Exerted the Neuroprotective Effect by Promoting Angiogenesis Coupled With Neurogenesis via Ang1-VEGF-BDNF Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:641894. [PMID: 33746762 PMCID: PMC7973462 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.641894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, Stroke is still one of the leading causes of population death worldwide and leads to disability. Traditional Chinese medicine plays an important role in the prevention or treatment of stroke. l-borneol, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used in China to treat stroke for thousands of years. However, its mechanism of action is unclear. After cerebral ischemia, promoting angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia and providing nutrition for the infarct area is an important strategy to improve the damage in the ischemic area, but it is also essential to promote neurogenesis and replenish new neurons. Here, our research shows that l-borneol can significantly improve the neurological deficits of pMCAO model rats, reduce cerebral infarction, and improve the pathological damage of cerebral ischemia. and significantly increase serum level of Ang-1 and VEGF, and significantly decrease level of ACE and Tie2 to promote angiogenesis. PCR and WB showed the same results. Immunohistochemistry also showed that l-borneol can increase the number of CD34 positive cells, further verifying that l-borneol can play a neuroprotective effect by promoting angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia injury. In addition, l-borneol can significantly promote the expression level of VEGF, BDNF and inhibit the expression levels of TGF-β1 and MMP9 to promote neurogenesis. The above suggests that l-borneol can promote angiogenesis coupled neurogenesis by regulating Ang1-VEGF-BDNF to play a neuroprotective effect. Molecular docking also shows that l-borneol has a very high binding rate with the above target, which further confirmed the target of l-borneol to improve cerebral ischemic injury. These results provide strong evidence for the treatment of cerebral ischemia with l-borneol and provide reference for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mihong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Daoyin Gong
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Gao
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Adverse Reaction Monitoring Center, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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25
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Xie R, Wang Y, He J, Yang Y. Acupuncture treatment for spasticity after brain injury. JOURNAL OF NEURORESTORATOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.26599/jnr.2021.9040001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Spasticity after brain injury is a neurological sequela caused by damage to upper motor neurons. The primary symptoms are involuntary muscle activity, decreased muscle strength, and joint contracture. Acupuncture as a therapeutic method to regulate central nervous system function has been studied widely in recent years. Many clinical experiments have proved that acupuncture has positive effects on spasticity after brain injury. In this review, we discuss recent research of acupuncture treatment and the need for large randomized controlled trials.
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26
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Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Treatments in Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121292. [PMID: 33348578 PMCID: PMC7766219 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a key role in many physiological and pathological conditions. The intracellular oxidative homeostasis is tightly regulated by the reactive oxygen species production and the intracellular defense mechanisms. Increased oxidative stress could alter lipid, DNA, and protein, resulting in cellular inflammation and programmed cell death. Evidences show that oxidative stress plays an important role in the progression of various cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. There are a number of therapeutic options to treat oxidative stress-associated cardiovascular diseases. Well known antioxidants, such as nutritional supplements, as well as more novel antioxidants have been studied. In addition, novel therapeutic strategies using miRNA and nanomedicine are also being developed to treat various cardiovascular diseases. In this article, we provide a detailed description of oxidative stress. Then, we will introduce the relationship between oxidative stress and several cardiovascular diseases. Finally, we will focus on the clinical implications of oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases.
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27
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Cai X, Yang C, Shao L, Zhu H, Wang Y, Huang X, Wang S, Hong L. Targeting NOX 4 by petunidin improves anoxia/reoxygenation-induced myocardium injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 888:173414. [PMID: 32828742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the key factor of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). Anthocyanins are considered to be effective anti-oxidants. In this study, we observed the anti-MIRI effect of petunidin, one member of anthocyanins, and further explored its mechanism. In present study, anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) models were replicated on Langendorff-perfused heart and neonatal rat primary cardiomyocytes by A/R treatment. The hemodynamic parameters of isolated hearts were monitored. The levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis in isolated heart and neonatal rat primary cardiomyocytes were evaluated. The expression levels of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX 2), NOX 4, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) and cytochrome c were detected by Western Blot. The results showed that petunidin could significantly improve isolated heart function, reduce oxidative stress, inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis, up-regulate Bcl-2 protein expression, down-regulate NOX4 and Bax expression, and reduce the level of cytoplasmic cytochrome c after A/R. However, it has no significant effect on NOX 2 protein expression, suggesting that NOX 4 may be the molecular target of petunidin. In vitro, petunidin had shown a consistent effect with that in isolated hearts. It also showed a significant inhibitory effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. However, the protective effects of petunidin on A/R injury were attenuated by over-expression of NOX 4 in neonatal rat primary cardiomyocytes. These data suggested that the protective effects of petunidin on MIRI may be achieved through targeting NOX 4, thus inhibiting the production of ROS, reducing oxidative stress, and regulating the Bcl-2 pathway to prevent cardiomyocytes apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- XinYong Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Chunli Yang
- Department of Intensive Care, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Liang Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - HongMin Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - YunXia Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China.
| | - Lang Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China.
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28
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Gao J, Chen N, Li N, Xu F, Wang W, Lei Y, Shi J, Gong Q. Neuroprotective Effects of Trilobatin, a Novel Naturally Occurring Sirt3 Agonist from Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd., Mitigate Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Involvement of TLR4/NF-κB and Nrf2/Keap-1 Signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:117-143. [PMID: 32212827 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are deemed the prime causes of brain injury after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Since the silent mating-type information regulation 2 homologue 3 (Sirt3) pathway plays an imperative role in protecting against neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, it has been verified as a target to treat ischemia stroke. Therefore, we attempted to seek novel Sirt3 agonist and explore its underlying mechanism for stroke treatment both in vivo and in vitro. Results: Trilobatin (TLB) not only dramatically suppressed neuroinflammation and oxidative stress injury after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats, but also effectively mitigated oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injury in primary cultured astrocytes. These beneficial effects, along with the reduced proinflammatory cytokines via suppressing Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway, lessened oxidative injury via activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathways, in keeping with the findings in vivo. Intriguingly, the TLB-mediated neuroprotection on cerebral I/R injury was modulated by reciprocity between TLR4-mediated neuroinflammatory responses and Nrf2 antioxidant responses as evidenced by molecular docking and silencing TLR4 and Nrf2, respectively. Most importantly, TLB not only directly bonded to Sirt3 but also increased Sirt3 expression and activity, indicating that Sirt3 might be a promising therapeutic target of TLB. Innovation: TLB is a naturally occurring Sirt3 agonist with potent neuroprotective effects via regulation of TLR4/nuclear factor-kappa B and Nrf2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap-1) signaling pathways both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that TLB protects against cerebral I/R-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative injury through the regulation of neuroinflammatory and oxidative responses via TLR4, Nrf2, and Sirt3, suggesting that TLB might be a promising Sirt3 agonist against ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Nana Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yaying Lei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qihai Gong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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29
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Mao L, Zuo ML, Wang AP, Tian Y, Dong LC, Li TM, Kuang DB, Song GL, Yang ZB. Low expression of miR‑532‑3p contributes to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion oxidative stress injury by directly targeting NOX2. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2415-2423. [PMID: 32705253 PMCID: PMC7411405 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) is a major subtype of NOX and is responsible for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in brain tissues. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are important epigenetic regulators of NOX2. The present study aimed to identify the role of NOX2 miRNA-targets in ischemic stroke (IS). A rat cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R) injury model and a SH-SY5Y cell hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model were used to simulate IS. Gene expression levels, ROS production and apoptosis in tissue or cells were determined, and bioinformatic analysis was conducted for target prediction of miRNA. In vitro experiments, including function-gain and luciferase activity assays, were also performed to assess the roles of miRNAs. The results indicated that NOX2 was significantly increased in brain tissues subjected to I/R and in SH-SY5Y cells subjected to H/R, while the expression of miR-532-3p (putative target of NOX2) was significantly decreased in brain tissues and plasma. Overexpression of miR-532-3p significantly suppressed NOX2 expression and ROS generation in SH-SY5Y cells subjected to H/R, as well as reduced the relative luciferase activity of cells transfected with a reporter gene plasmid. Collectively, these data indicated that miR-532-3p may be a target of NOX2 and a biomarker for CI/R injury. Thus, the present study may provide a novel target for drug development and IS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Mao
- Office of Good Clinical Practice, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan, Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Ling Zuo
- Office of Good Clinical Practice, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan, Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Ping Wang
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Ying Tian
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Li-Chen Dong
- Office of Good Clinical Practice, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan, Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Tao-Ming Li
- Office of Good Clinical Practice, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan, Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Da-Bin Kuang
- Office of Good Clinical Practice, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan, Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Lin Song
- Office of Good Clinical Practice, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan, Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Bao Yang
- Office of Good Clinical Practice, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan, Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
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Zuo ML, Wang AP, Song GL, Yang ZB. miR-652 protects rats from cerebral ischemia/reperfusion oxidative stress injury by directly targeting NOX2. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 124:109860. [PMID: 32000043 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a devastating central nervous disease associated with oxidative stress and NOX2 is the main source of ROS responsible for brain tissue. miRNAs are a class of negative regulator of genes in mammals and involves the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. This study aims to observe the role of target miRNA(miR-652) of NOX2 in ischemic stroke. A rat cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R) injury model and an SH-SY5Y cell hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R) model were used to simulate ischemic stroke, and corresponding gene expression, biochemical indicators and pathophysiological indicators were measured to observe the role of miR-652. NOX2 significantly increased in brain tissues subjected to I/R or in SH-SY5Y cells subjected to H/R, while the expression level of miR-652(potential target of NOX2) significantly decreased in both brain tissues and plasma. Overexpression of miR-652 significantly suppressed NOX2 expression and ROS generation in H/R treated SH-SY5Y cells and reduced the relative luciferase activity of cells transfected with plasmid NOX2-WT (reporter gene plasmid). MiR-652 agomir significantly decreased the expression of NOX2 and ROS generation in brain tissues of CIR rats, as well as tissue injury. These data indicated that miR-652 protected rats from cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury by directly targeting NOX2, is a novel target for ischemic stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Zuo
- Office of Good Clinical Practice, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Ai-Ping Wang
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Gui-Lin Song
- Office of Good Clinical Practice, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China; Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Zhong-Bao Yang
- Office of Good Clinical Practice, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China; Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Changsha, Changsha, China.
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miR-124-5p/NOX2 Axis Modulates the ROS Production and the Inflammatory Microenvironment to Protect Against the Cerebral I/R Injury. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:404-417. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wang J, Liu Y, Shen H, Li H, Wang Z, Chen G. Nox2 and Nox4 Participate in ROS-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis and Brain Injury During Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2020; 127:47-54. [PMID: 31407062 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-04615-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously studies have shown that Nox2 and Nox4, as members of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase, Nox), participate in brain damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of specific chemical inhibitors of Nox2 and Nox4 on cerebral I/R-induced brain injury in rats. METHODS At 0.5 h before MCAO surgery, the rats were pretreated with vehicle, Nox2 inhibitor (gp91ds-tat), and Nox4 inhibitor (GKT137831), respectively. After reperfusion for 24 h, the infarct sizes of brain tissues in rats in various groups are determined. The penumbra (ischemic) tissues are collected to measure ROS levels, neuronal apoptosis, and degeneration, as well as the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in brain tissues of rats. RESULTS gp91ds-tat and GKT137831 pretreatment significantly reduced the infarct sizes in brain tissues of rats, effectively suppressed I/R-induced increase in ROS levels, neuronal apoptosis and degeneration, and obviously alleviated BBB damage. CONCLUSION Under cerebral I/R conditions, Nox2 inhibitor (gp91ds-tat) and Nox4 inhibitor (GKT137831) can effectively play a protective role in the brain tissues of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Shengze Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Ghosh MK, Chakraborty D, Sarkar S, Bhowmik A, Basu M. The interrelationship between cerebral ischemic stroke and glioma: a comprehensive study of recent reports. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:42. [PMID: 31637020 PMCID: PMC6799849 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma and cerebral ischemic stroke are two major events that lead to patient death worldwide. Although these conditions have different physiological incidences, ~10% of ischemic stroke patients develop cerebral cancer, especially glioma, in the postischemic stages. Additionally, the high proliferation, venous thrombosis and hypercoagulability of the glioma mass increase the significant risk of thromboembolism, including ischemic stroke. Surprisingly, these events share several common pathways, viz. hypoxia, cerebral inflammation, angiogenesis, etc., but the proper mechanism behind this co-occurrence has yet to be discovered. The hypercoagulability and presence of the D-dimer level in stroke are different in cancer patients than in the noncancerous population. Other factors such as atherosclerosis and coagulopathy involved in the pathogenesis of stroke are partially responsible for cancer, and the reverse is also partially true. Based on clinical and neurosurgical experience, the neuronal structures and functions in the brain and spine are observed to change after a progressive attack of ischemia that leads to hypoxia and atrophy. The major population of cancer cells cannot survive in an adverse ischemic environment that excludes cancer stem cells (CSCs). Cancer cells in stroke patients have already metastasized, but early-stage cancer patients also suffer stroke for multiple reasons. Therefore, stroke is an early manifestation of cancer. Stroke and cancer share many factors that result in an increased risk of stroke in cancer patients, and vice-versa. The intricate mechanisms for stroke with and without cancer are different. This review summarizes the current clinical reports, pathophysiology, probable causes of co-occurrence, prognoses, and treatment possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal K. Ghosh
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032 and CN-06, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091 India
| | - Dipankar Chakraborty
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032 and CN-06, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091 India
| | - Sibani Sarkar
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032 and CN-06, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091 India
| | - Arijit Bhowmik
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700 026 India
| | - Malini Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Dhruba Chand Halder College, Dakshin Barasat, South 24, Paraganas, 743372 India
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Mayer D, Armstrong D, Schultz G, Percival S, Malone M, Romanelli M, Keast D, Jeffery S. Cell salvage in acute and chronic wounds: a potential treatment strategy. Experimental data and early clinical results. J Wound Care 2019; 27:594-605. [PMID: 30204575 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2018.27.9.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
On 9 May 2018, the authors took part in a closed panel discussion on the impact of cell salvage in acute and chronic wounds. The goal was to deliberate the possible use of plurogel micelle matrix (PMM) as a new treatment strategy for wound healing and the authors openly shared their experiences, thoughts, experimental data and early clinical results. The outcome of the panel discussion has been abridged in this paper. The cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer, which provides a diffusion barrier separating the inside of a cell from its environment. Cell membrane injury can result in acute cellular necrosis when defects are too large and cannot be resealed. There is a potential hazard to the body when these dying cells release endogenous alarm signals referred to as 'damage (or danger) associated molecular patterns' (DAMPs), which trigger the innate immune system and modulate inflammation. Cell salvage by membrane resealing is a promising target to ensure the survival of the individual cell and prevention of further tissue degeneration by inflammatory processes. Non-ionic surfactants such as poloxamers, poloxamines and PMM have the potential to resuscitate cells by inserting themselves into damaged membranes and stabilising the unstable portions of the lipid bilayers. The amphiphilic properties of these molecules are amenable to insertion into cell wall defects and so can play a crucial, reparative role. This new approach to cell rescue or salvage has gained increasing interest as several clinical conditions have been linked to cell membrane injury via oxidative stress-mediated lipid peroxidation or thermal disruption. The repair of the cell membrane is an important step in salvaging cells from necrosis to prevent further tissue degeneration by inflammatory processes. This is applicable to acute burns and chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), chronic venous leg ulcers (VLUs), and pressure ulcers (PUs). Experimental data shows that PMM is biocompatible and able to insert itself into damaged membranes, salvaging their barrier function and aiding cell survival. Moreover, the six case studies presented in this paper reveal the potential of this treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matt Malone
- South West Sydney Limb Preservation and Wound Research, South Western Syndey Local Health District, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Syndey, Australia and Infectious Disease and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Steven Jeffery
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK and Birmingham City University
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Singh-Mallah G, Nair S, Sandberg M, Mallard C, Hagberg H. The Role of Mitochondrial and Endoplasmic Reticulum Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Models of Perinatal Brain Injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:643-663. [PMID: 30957515 PMCID: PMC6657303 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Perinatal brain injury is caused by hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in term neonates, perinatal arterial stroke, and infection/inflammation leading to devastating long-term neurodevelopmental deficits. Therapeutic hypothermia is the only currently available treatment but is not successful in more than 50% of term neonates suffering from hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Thus, there is an urgent unmet need for alternative or adjunct therapies. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important for physiological signaling, however, their overproduction/accumulation from mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during HI aggravate cell death. Recent Advances and Critical Issues: Mechanisms underlying ER stress-associated ROS production have been primarily elucidated using either non-neuronal cells or adult neurodegenerative experimental models. Findings from mature brain cannot be simply transferred to the immature brain. Therefore, age-specific studies investigating ER stress modulators may help investigate ER stress-associated ROS pathways in the immature brain. New therapeutics such as mitochondrial site-specific ROS inhibitors that selectively inhibit superoxide (O2•-)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production are currently being developed. Future Directions: Because ER stress and oxidative stress accentuate each other, a combinatorial therapy utilizing both antioxidants and ER stress inhibitors may prove to be more protective against perinatal brain injury. Moreover, multiple relevant targets need to be identified for targeting ROS before they are formed. The role of organelle-specific ROS in brain repair needs investigation. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 31, 643-663.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Singh-Mallah
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Syam Nair
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandberg
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Gul-Kahraman K, Yilmaz-Bozoglan M, Sahna E. Physiological and pharmacological effects of melatonin on remote ischemic perconditioning after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats: Role of Cybb, Fas, NfκB, Irisin signaling pathway. J Pineal Res 2019; 67:e12589. [PMID: 31155748 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been found that remote organ/limb temporary ischemia, known as remote ischemic conditioning, can provide protection against the formation of lethal ischemic outcome. Current evidence suggests that aging and age-releated comorbidities impair the cardioprotective effects of conditionings. In conjuction with aging, decrease in melatonin synthesis from pineal gland can have role in the pathogenesis of aging and age-related cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPerC) and physiological and pharmacological concentrations of melatonin on the infarct size, Fas gene, cytochrome b-245 beta chain (Cybb) gene, nuclear factor-kappa B (NfκB), and irisin using an in vivo model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Sprague-Dawley rats that were divided into two groups first as non-pinealectomized (Non-Px) and pinealectomized (Px), and then (a) Control; (b) I/R (30-minute ischemia, 120-minute reperfusion caused by left coronary artery ligation); (c) I/R + RIPerC (when myocardial ischemia initiated, three cycles of 5-minute occlusion followed by 5-minute reperfusion); (d) I/R + Mel; (e) Px; (f) Px + I/R; (g) Px + I/R + RIPerC; (h) Px + I/R + RIPerC + Mel groups. The infarct size was determined by TTC staining and analyzed by the ImageJ program. Molecular parameters were evaluated by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Results showed that increased infarct size in Non-Px groups decreased with RIPerC and melatonin. However, increased infarct size in Px groups was decreased minimally with RIPerC and significantly decreased with RIPerC + Melatonin. Fold change in Fas gene was associated with the infarct size. RIPerC and melatonin reduced expressions of Cybb, NfκB, and irisin genes. The physiological release and pharmacological concentration of melatonin may improve protective effect of RIPerC against I/R-induced infarct size by modulating Cybb, Fas, NfκB, Irisin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Gul-Kahraman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | | | - Engin Sahna
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Liu W, Huang J, Doycheva D, Gamdzyk M, Tang J, Zhang JH. RvD1binding with FPR2 attenuates inflammation via Rac1/NOX2 pathway after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic injury in rats. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:112982. [PMID: 31247196 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.112982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathological development after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). Resolvin D1 (RvD1), an agonist of formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects in many diseases. The objective of this study was to explore the protective role of RvD1 through reducing inflammation after HI and to study the contribution of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1)/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2) pathways in RvD1-mediated protection. Rat pups (10-day old) were subjected to HI or sham surgery. RvD1 was administrated by intraperitoneal injection 1 h after HI. FPR2 small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) and Rac1 activation CRISPR were administered prior to RvD1 treatment to elucidate the possible mechanisms. Time course expression of FPR2 by Western blot and RvD1 by ELISA were conducted at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post HI. Infarction area, short-term neurological deficits, immunofluorescent staining and Western blot were conducted at 24 h post HI. Long-term neurological behaviors were evaluated at 4 weeks post HI. Endogenous expression levels of RvD1 decreased in time dependent manner while the expression of FPR2 increased after HI, peaking at 24 h post HI. Activation of FPR2, with RvD1, reduced percent infarction area, and alleviated short- and long-term neurological deficits. Administration of RvD1 attenuated inflammation after HI, while, either inhibition of FPR2 with siRNA or activation of Rac1 with CRISPR reversed those effects. Our results showed that RvD1 attenuated neuroinflammation through FPR2, which then interacted with Rac1/NOX2 signaling pathway, thereby reducing infarction area and alleviating neurological deficits after HI in neonatal rat pups. RvD1 may be a potential therapeutic approach to reduce inflammation after HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, China
| | - Desislava Doycheva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Marcin Gamdzyk
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
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Zhou Z, Lu C, Meng S, Dun L, Yin N, An H, Xu H, Liu G, Cai Y. Silencing of PTGS2 exerts promoting effects on angiogenesis endothelial progenitor cells in mice with ischemic stroke via repression of the NF-κB signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:23448-23460. [PMID: 31222746 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study is to investigate the effect of PTGS2 on proliferation, migration, angiogenesis and apoptosis of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in mice with ischemic stroke through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established in mice. EPCs were identified, in which ectopic expression and depletion experiments were conducted. The mRNA and protein expression of related factors in tissues and cells were measured. Besides, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and apoptosis, as well as cell cycle distribution, of cells were determined. MCAO mice showed overexpression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-17, and IL-23, and increased positive protein expression of PTGS2, as well as expression of PTGS2, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), tumor suppressor region 1 (TSP-1) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), but underexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), S-phase kinase associated protein 2 (Skp2), and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Moreover, ectopic expression of tumor necrosis factor-α significantly elevated the expression of PTGS2, NF-κB, TSP-1, and Bax, as well as cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, but decreased the expression of VEGF, Skp2, and Bcl-2, as well as proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of EPCs, and the PTGS2-siRNA group showed an opposite trend. Taken together, we conclude that the specific knockdown of PTGS2 expression could repress the NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby inhibits apoptosis and promotes proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of EPCs, providing protective effect on mice with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Liuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjun Lu
- Department of Neurology, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Liuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhui Meng
- Department of Neurology, Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linglu Dun
- Department of Neurology, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Liuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Yin
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei An
- Department of Neurology, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Liuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Neurology, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Liuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guocheng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Liuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yefeng Cai
- Department of Neurology, Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Zeng B, Liu L, Liao X, Zhang C, Ruan H. Thyroid hormone protects cardiomyocytes from H 2O 2-induced oxidative stress via the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2019; 380:205-215. [PMID: 31059699 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the progression of cardiac diseases, including acute myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and heart failure. Growing evidence indicates that thyroid hormone has protective properties against cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about its effect on oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes or the underlying mechanisms. This study showed that T3 pretreatment in vivo significantly reduced cardiac dysfunction by increasing the left ventricular ejection function and ameliorating the pathological changes induced by I/R-induced injury. In an in vitro experiment, T3 inhibited apoptosis in H2O2-treated cardiomyocytes, as evidenced by the decreased expression of Bax, cleaved caspase 3 and 9, and increased expression of Bcl-2. In addition, oxidative stress observed in hearts of mice with I/R injury was significantly alleviated by T3 pretreatment, intracellular ROS and mitochondrial ROS overproduction were effectively inhibited, and similar results were also detected in H2O2-treated cardiomyocytes in vitro. T3 significantly increased antioxidant protein (Nrf2 and HO-1) expression levels, and inhibited NOX2 and NOX4 protein expression levels in H2O2-treated cardiomyocytes. Moreover, T3 preserved mitochondrial functions upon H2O2-induced oxidative stress by increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and promoting the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis genes. Notably, the PI3K/AKT signaling was significantly activated by T3 pretreatment in H2O2-induced cardiomyocytes. Together, these findings revealed that T3 could be served as potential therapeutic target for protection against cardiac oxidative stress injury through its antioxidant and anti-apoptosis effects, which are mediated by the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiaoting Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Huaiyu Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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Tejero J, Shiva S, Gladwin MT. Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:311-379. [PMID: 30379623 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a small free radical with critical signaling roles in physiology and pathophysiology. The generation of sufficient NO levels to regulate the resistance of the blood vessels and hence the maintenance of adequate blood flow is critical to the healthy performance of the vasculature. A novel paradigm indicates that classical NO synthesis by dedicated NO synthases is supplemented by nitrite reduction pathways under hypoxia. At the same time, reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are produced in the vascular system for signaling purposes, as effectors of the immune response, or as byproducts of cellular metabolism. NO and ROS can be generated by distinct enzymes or by the same enzyme through alternate reduction and oxidation processes. The latter oxidoreductase systems include NO synthases, molybdopterin enzymes, and hemoglobins, which can form superoxide by reduction of molecular oxygen or NO by reduction of inorganic nitrite. Enzymatic uncoupling, changes in oxygen tension, and the concentration of coenzymes and reductants can modulate the NO/ROS production from these oxidoreductases and determine the redox balance in health and disease. The dysregulation of the mechanisms involved in the generation of NO and ROS is an important cause of cardiovascular disease and target for therapy. In this review we will present the biology of NO and ROS in the cardiovascular system, with special emphasis on their routes of formation and regulation, as well as the therapeutic challenges and opportunities for the management of NO and ROS in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Tejero
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Shen J, Rastogi R, Geng X, Ding Y. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activation and neuronal death after ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:948-953. [PMID: 30761998 PMCID: PMC6404502 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.250568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) is a multisubunit enzyme complex that utilizes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate to produce superoxide anions and other reactive oxygen species. Under normal circumstances, reactive oxygen species mediate a number of important cellular functions, including the facilitation of adaptive immunity. In pathogenic circumstances, however, excess reactive oxygen species generated by NOX promotes apoptotic cell death. In ischemic stroke, in particular, it has been shown that both NOX activation and derangements in glucose metabolism result in increased apoptosis. Moreover, recent studies have established that glucose, as a NOX substrate, plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of reperfusion injury. Thus, NOX inhibition has the potential to mitigate the deleterious impact of hyperglycemia on stroke. In this paper, we provide an overview of this research, coupled with a discussion of its implications for the development of NOX inhibition as a strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Both inhibition using apocynin, as well as the prospect of developing more specific inhibitors based on what is now understood of the biology of NOX assembly and activation, will be highlighted in the course of our discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Shen
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Radhika Rastogi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Li Z, Yulei J, Yaqing J, Jinmin Z, Xinyong L, Jing G, Min L. Protective effects of tetramethylpyrazine analogue Z-11 on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 844:156-164. [PMID: 30502344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of a new synthetic compound (E) -1- (E) -1- (2- hydroxy -5- chlorophenyl) -3- (3, 5, 6- three methyl pyrazine -2- based) -2- propylene -1 ketone, Z-11, a tetramethylpyrazine analogue, on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury and the underlying mechanism. 240-260 g adult male Wistar rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 h, followed by 22 h of reperfusion. Z-11 (1.7, 3.4 and 6.8 mg/kg, i.p.), Edaravone (3 mg/kg, i.p.) and DMSO (1‰, i.p.) was administered at 2 h after the onset of ischemia. The rats' neurological score, infarct volume, and body weight change were tested, and some oxidative stress markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were evaluated after 22 h of reperfusion. Results showed that neurologic deficit, infarct volume and body weight change were ameliorated after cerebral ischemia reperfusion, and that Z-11 exhibits an excellent effect at a dosage of 6.8 mg/kg. This dose also reduced the content of MDA, and upregulated SOD activity and GSH content. Similarly, 6.8 mg/kg Z-11 treatment inhibited the reactive oxygen species content and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity, with the protein levels of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate1(Rac-1) and mitogenic oxidase (Nox2) downregulated even further. Moreover, the protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream anti-oxidant protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were upregulated. This indicates that Z-11 could play a protective role in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and that the protective effect of Z-11 may be related to improvements in the antioxidant capacity of brain tissue. The mechanisms are associated with enhancing oxidant defence systems via the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and Rac-1/NADPH oxidase pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhai Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jia Yulei
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ji Yaqing
- Department of Neurology, Eighth People's Hospital Affiliated to Qiingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zou Jinmin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Liu Xinyong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Gao Jing
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Liu Min
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266071, China
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8e Protects against Acute Cerebral Ischemia by Inhibition of PI3Kγ-Mediated Superoxide Generation in Microglia. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112828. [PMID: 30384445 PMCID: PMC6278485 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response mediated by microglia plays a critical role in the progression of ischemic stroke. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) has been implicated in multiple inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, making it a promising target for therapeutic intervention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 8e, a hydrogen sulfide (H2S) releasing derivative of 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP), on brain damage and PI3Kγ signaling following cerebral ischemia injury. 8e significantly reduced sensorimotor deficits, focal infarction, brain edema and neural apoptosis at 72 h after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). The NOX2 isoform of the NADPH oxidase family is considered a major enzymatic source of superoxide. We found that the release of superoxide, together with the expression of NOX2 subunits p47phox, p-p47phox, and the upstream PI3Kγ/AKT signaling were all down-regulated by 8e, both in the penumbral region of the rat brain and in the primary cultured microglia subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). With the use of siRNA and pharmacological inhibitors, we further demonstrated that 8e regulates the formation of superoxide in activated microglia through the PI3Kγ/AKT/NOX2 signaling pathway and subsequently prevents neuronal death in neighboring neurons. Our experimental data indicate that 8e is a potential candidate for the treatment of ischemic stroke and PI3Kγ-mediated neuroinflammation.
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Yang Q, Wu FR, Wang JN, Gao L, Jiang L, Li HD, Ma Q, Liu XQ, Wei B, Zhou L, Wen J, Ma TT, Li J, Meng XM. Nox4 in renal diseases: An update. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:466-472. [PMID: 29969717 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species derived from NADPH oxidase contribute to a wide variety of renal diseases. Nox4, the major NADPH isoform in kidney, produces mainly H2O2 that regulates physiological functions. Nox4 contributes to redox processes involved in diabetic nephropathy, acute kidney injury, obstructive nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, renal cell carcinoma and other renal diseases by activating multiple signaling pathways. Although Nox4 is found in a variety of cell types, including epithelial cells, podocytes, mesangial cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts, its role is not clear and even controversial. In some conditions, Nox4 protects cells by promoting cell survival in response to harmful stimuli. In other scenarios it induces cell apoptosis, inflammation or fibrogenesis. This functional variability may be attributed to distinct cell types, subcellular localization, molecular concentrations, disease type or stage, and other factors yet unexplored. In this setting, we reviewed the function and mechanism of Nox4 in renal diseases, highlighted the contradictions in Nox4 literature, and discussed promising therapeutic strategies targeting Nox4 in the treatment of certain types of renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fan-Rong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jia-Nan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hai-Di Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qiuying Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xue-Qi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Biao Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Luyu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiagen Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Tao Tao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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Ni HY, Song YX, Wu HY, Chang L, Luo CX, Zhu DY. 2-Methyl-5H-benzo[d]pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazin-5-imine, an edaravone analog, exerts neuroprotective effects against acute ischemic injury via inhibiting oxidative stress. J Biomed Res 2018; 32:270-280. [PMID: 30008465 PMCID: PMC6117603 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.32.20180014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an indispensable role in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia. Inhibiting oxidative stress has been considered as an effective approach for stroke treatment. Edaravone, a free radical scavenger, has been shown to prevent cerebral ischemic injury. However, the clinical efficacy of edaravone is limited because it has a low scavenging activity for superoxide anions (O2·-). Here, we report that 2-methyl-5H-benzo[d]pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazin-5-imine, a novel small-molecule compound structurally related to edaravone, showed a stronger inhibitory effect on oxidative stress in vitro. In vivo, 2-methyl-5H-benzo[d]pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazin-5-imine reversed transient middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced dysfunctions of superoxide dismutases and malondialdehyde, two proteins crucial for oxidative stress, suggesting a strengthened antioxidant system. Moreover, 2-methyl-5H-benzo[d]pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazin-5-imine decreased blood brain barrier permeability. Then, we found that 2-methyl-5H-benzo[d]pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazin-5-imine had a stronger neuroprotective effect than edaravone. More importantly, 2-methyl-5H-benzo[d]pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazin-5-imine decreased not only infarct size and neurological deficits in the acute phase but also modified neurological severity score and escape latency in Morris water maze task in the delayed period, indicating enhanced neuroprotection, sensorimotor function and spatial memory. Together, these findings suggest that 2-methyl-5H-benzo[d]pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazin-5-imine could be a preferable option for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Yu Ni
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Song
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Hai-Yin Wu
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Chun-Xia Luo
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Dong-Ya Zhu
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.,The Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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Navarro-Oviedo M, Roncal C, Salicio A, Belzunce M, Rabal O, Toledo E, Zandio B, Rodríguez JA, Páramo JA, Muñoz R, Orbe J. MMP10 Promotes Efficient Thrombolysis After Ischemic Stroke in Mice with Induced Diabetes. Transl Stroke Res 2018; 10:389-401. [PMID: 30051168 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is an important risk factor for ischemic stroke (IS). Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) has been associated with less successful revascularization and poor functional outcome in diabetes. We assessed whether a new thrombolytic strategy based on MMP10 was more effective than tPA in a murine IS model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Wild-type mice were administered a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (180 mg/kg) to develop STZ-induced diabetes mellitus. Two weeks later, IS was induced by thrombin injection into the middle cerebral artery and the effect of recombinant MMP10 (6.5 μg/kg), tPA (10 mg/kg) or tPA/MMP10 on brain damage and functional outcome were analysed. Motor activity was assessed using the open field test. Additionally, we studied plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and thrombin-antithrombin complex levels (TAT) by ELISA and oxidative stress and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity by immunohistochemistry and western blot. MMP10 treatment was more effective at reducing infarct size and neurodegeneration than tPA 24 h and 3 days after IS in diabetic mice. Locomotor activity was impaired by hyperglycemia and ischemic injury, but not by the thrombolytic treatments. Additionally, TAT, oxidative stress and BBB permeability were reduced by MMP10 treatment, whereas brain bleeding or PAI-1 expression did not differ between treatments. Thrombolytic treatment with MMP10 was more effective than tPA at reducing stroke and neurodegeneration in a diabetic murine model of IS, without increasing haemorrhage. Thus, we propose MMP10 as a potential candidate for the clinical treatment of IS in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Navarro-Oviedo
- Atherothrombosis Research Laboratory, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Roncal
- Atherothrombosis Research Laboratory, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Agustina Salicio
- Atherothrombosis Research Laboratory, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Belzunce
- Atherothrombosis Research Laboratory, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Obdulia Rabal
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, ISCIII, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Zandio
- Neurology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose A Rodríguez
- Atherothrombosis Research Laboratory, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose A Páramo
- CIBER Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Haematology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Roberto Muñoz
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Neurology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Josune Orbe
- Atherothrombosis Research Laboratory, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. .,CIBER Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain. .,IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Cheng P, Pan J, Xia J, Huang W, Bai S, Zhu X, Shao W, Wang H, Xie P, Deng F. Dietary cholesterol intake and stroke risk: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:25698-25707. [PMID: 29876017 PMCID: PMC5986647 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives The association between dietary cholesterol and stroke risk has remained controversial over the past two decades. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the relationship between dietary cholesterol and stroke risk. Results Seven prospective studies including 269,777 non-overlapping individuals (4,604 strokes) were included. The combined RR of stroke for higher cholesterol intake (> 300 mg/day) was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.90–1.07), and the combined RR of stroke for higher cholesterol intake (> 300 mg/day) in females (age of ≥ 60 years or body mass index of ≥ 24 kg/m2) was 1.18 (95% CI, 1.02–1.36). Materials and Methods The PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar databases were searched. Relevant studies were identified by searching these online databases through September 2017. The relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to investigate the strength of the association. Conclusions Higher cholesterol intake has no association with the overall stroke risk. Age and body mass index affect the relationship between dietary cholesterol intake and stroke risk. However, the association between higher dietary cholesterol and stroke risk in males remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Institute of Neuroscience and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, 154002, China
| | - Junxi Pan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Institute of Neuroscience and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jinjun Xia
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Institute of Neuroscience and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Shunjie Bai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Institute of Neuroscience and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, 154002, China
| | - Weihua Shao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Institute of Neuroscience and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Institute of Neuroscience and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Fengli Deng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Institute of Neuroscience and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Chamorro Á. Neuroprotectants in the Era of Reperfusion Therapy. J Stroke 2018; 20:197-207. [PMID: 29886725 PMCID: PMC6007301 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2017.02901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, numerous pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies have been evaluated without success to limit the consequences of the ischemic cascade, but more rarely the therapies were explored as add on remedies on individuals also receiving reperfusion therapies. It is plausible that these putative neuroprotectants never reached the ischemic brain in adequate concentrations. Currently, the concept of neuroprotection incorporates cerebral perfusion as an obligatory substrate upon which ischemic brain survival depends, and it is plausible that some of the compounds tested in previous neuroprotection trials might have resulted in more favorable results if reperfusion therapies had been co-administered. Nonetheless, pharmacological or mechanical thrombectomy are frequently powerless to fully reperfuse the ischemic brain despite achieving a high rate of recanalization. This review covers in some detail the importance of the microcirculation, and the barriers that may hamper flow reperfusion at the microcirculatory level. It describes the main mechanisms leading to microcirculatory thrombosis including oxidative/nitrosative stress and refers to recent efforts to ameliorate brain perfusion in combination with the co-administration of neuroprotectants mainly aimed at harnessing oxidative/nitrosative brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Chamorro
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic and August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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49
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Effects of Vitamin D3 on the NADPH Oxidase and Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 in an Animal Model of Global Cerebral Ischemia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3273654. [PMID: 29849881 PMCID: PMC5932460 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3273654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Decreased blood flow in the brain leads to a rapid increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). NADPH oxidase (NOX) is an enzyme family that has the physiological function to produce ROS. NOX2 and NOX4 overexpression is associated with aggravated ischemic injury, while NOX2/4-deficient mice had reduced stroke size. Dysregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contributes to tissue damage. The active form of vitamin D3 expresses neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects in the CNS. The present study examines the effects of the vitamin D3 pretreatment on the oxidative stress parameters and the expression of NOX subunits, MMP9, microglial marker Iba1, and vitamin D receptor (VDR), in the cortex and hippocampus of Mongolian gerbils subjected to ten minutes of global cerebral ischemia, followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. The ischemia/reperfusion procedure has induced oxidative stress, changes in the expression of NOX2 subunits and MMP9 in the brain, and increased MMP9 activity in the serum of experimental animals. Pretreatment with vitamin D3 was especially effective on NOX2 subunits, MMP9, and the level of malondialdehyde and superoxide anion. These results outline the significance of the NOX and MMP9 investigation in brain ischemia and the importance of adequate vitamin D supplementation in ameliorating the injury caused by I/R.
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50
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Cadenas S. ROS and redox signaling in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and cardioprotection. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 117:76-89. [PMID: 29373843 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is central to the pathology of major cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. IR injury is mediated by several factors including the elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which occurs particularly at reperfusion. The mitochondrial respiratory chain and NADPH oxidases of the NOX family are major sources of ROS in cardiomyocytes. The first part of this review discusses recent findings and controversies on the mechanisms of superoxide production by the mitochondrial electron transport chain during IR injury, as well as the contribution of the NOX isoforms expressed in cardiomyocytes, NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4, to this damage. It then focuses on the effects of ROS on the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), an inner membrane non-selective pore that causes irreversible damage to the heart. The second part analyzes the redox mechanisms of cardiomyocyte mitochondrial protection; specifically, the activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway and the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2, which are both regulated by the cellular redox state. Redox mechanisms involved in ischemic preconditioning, one of the most effective ways of protecting the heart against IR injury, are also reviewed. Interestingly, several of these protective pathways converge on the inhibition of mPTP opening during reperfusion. Finally, the clinical and translational implications of these cardioprotective mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cadenas
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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