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Zuo N, Wang RT, Bian WM, Liu X, Han BQ, Wang JJ, Shen W, Li L. Vigor King mitigates spermatogenic disorders caused by environmental estrogen zearalenone exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 282:116757. [PMID: 39047363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) has been shown to cause reproductive damage by inducing oxidative stress. Astaxanthin and L-carnitine are widely used to alleviate oxidative stress and promote sperm maturation. However, it remains uncertain whether they are effective in mitigating spermatogenesis disorders induced by ZEN. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and potential mechanisms of Vigor King (Vig), a compound preparation primarily consisting of astaxanthin and L-carnitine, in alleviating ZEN-induced spermatogenesis disorders. In the experiment, mice received continuous oral gavage of ZEN (80 μg/kg) for 35 days, accompanied by a rescue strategy with Vig (200 mg/kg). The results showed that Vig effectively reduced the negative impact on semen quality and improved the structural and functional abnormalities of the seminiferous epithelium caused by ZEN. Additionally, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA double-strand breaks, apoptosis, and autophagy abnormalities were all significantly ameliorated. Intriguingly, the GSK3β-dependent BTRC-NRF2 signaling pathway was found to play an important role in this process. Furthermore, testing of offspring indicated that Vig could extend its protective effects to the next generation, effectively combating the transgenerational toxic effects of ZEN. In summary, our research suggests that Vig supplementation holds considerable promise in alleviating spermatogenesis disorders induced by zearalenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zuo
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Rui Ting Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Wen Meng Bian
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Bao Quan Han
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Jie Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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Moore S, Kulkarni V, Moore A, Landes JR, Simonette R, He Q, Rady PL, Tyring SK. Tirbanibulin decreases cell proliferation and downregulates protein expression of oncogenic pathways in human papillomavirus containing HeLa cells. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:455. [PMID: 38967656 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-03205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Tirbanibulin 1% ointment is a synthetic antiproliferative agent approved in 2021 by the European Union for treating actinic keratoses (AK). Topical tirbanibulin has clinically resolved HPV-57 ( +) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), HPV-16 ( +) vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, epidermodysplasia verruciformis, and condyloma. We examined how tirbanibulin might affect HPV oncoprotein expression and affect other cellular pathways involved in cell proliferation and transformation. We treated the HeLa cell line, containing integrated HPV-18, with increasing doses of tirbanibulin to determine the effects on cell proliferation. Immunoblotting was performed with antibodies against the Src canonical pathway, HPV 18 E6 and E7 transcription regulation, apoptosis, and invasion and metastasis pathways. Cell proliferation assays with tirbanibulin determined the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of HeLa cells to be 31.49 nmol/L. Increasing concentrations of tirbanibulin downregulates the protein expression of Src (p < 0.001), phospho-Src (p < 0.001), Ras (p < 0.01), c-Raf (p < 0.001), ERK1 (p < 0.001), phospho-ERK1 (p < 0.001), phospho-ERK2 (p < 0.01), phospho-Mnk1 (p < 0.001), eIF4E (p < 0.01), phospho-eIF4E (p < 0.001), E6 (p < 0.01), E7 (p < 0.01), Rb (p < 0.01), phospho-Rb (p < 0.001), MDM2 (p < 0.01), E2F1 (p < 0.001), phospho-FAK (p < 0.001), phospho-p130 Cas (p < 0.001), Mcl-1 (p < 0.01), and Bcl-2 (p < 0.001), but upregulates cPARP (p < 0.001), and cPARP/fPARP (p < 0.001). These results demonstrate that tirbanibulin may impact expression of HPV oncoproteins via the Src- MEK- pathway. Tirbanibulin significantly downregulates oncogenic proteins related to cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation while upregulating apoptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Moore
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Veda Kulkarni
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Angela Moore
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor University Medical Center Part of Baylor Scott and White, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer R Landes
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca Simonette
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qin He
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter L Rady
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen K Tyring
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
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WANG C, XU J, LIU M, LIU J, HUANG Y, ZHOU L. [Relationship between GTSE1 and Cell Cycle and Potential Regulatory Mechanisms
in Lung Cancer Cells]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2024; 27:451-458. [PMID: 39026496 PMCID: PMC11258651 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2024.106.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The regulation of the cell cycle is essential for maintaining normal cellular function, especially in the development of diseases such as lung cancer. The cell cycle consists of four major phases (G1, S, G2 and M phases), which are characterized by a series of precise molecular events to ensure proper cell proliferation and division. In lung cancer cells, cell cycle dysregulation can lead to disordered proliferation and increased invasiveness of cancer cells. G2 and S-phase expressed 1 (GTSE1) is a regulatory protein found in the cytoplasm of the cell, which plays a key role in the cell cycle distribution of a wide range of cancer cells and is involved in life processes such as cell proliferation and apoptosis. GTSE1 affects cell cycle progression by interacting with cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21) and maintaining the stability of p21, which in turn inhibits the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 1/2 (CDK1/2). In addition, GTSE1 is also involved in the regulation of tumor protein 53 (p53) signaling pathway. With the assistance of mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2), GTSE1 is able to transport p53 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and promote its ubiquitination and degradation, thus affecting cell cycle and cell death-related signaling pathways. This paper reviews the expression of GTSE1 in lung cancer cells and its effects on lung cancer, as well as its potential mechanisms involved in cell cycle regulation.
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Chong ZX, Ho WY, Yeap SK. Decoding the tumour-modulatory roles of LIMK2. Life Sci 2024; 347:122609. [PMID: 38580197 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
LIM domains kinase 2 (LIMK2) is a 72 kDa protein that regulates actin and cytoskeleton reorganization. Once phosphorylated by its upstream activator (ROCK1), LIMK2 can phosphorylate cofilin to inactivate it. This relieves the levering stress on actin and allows polymerization to occur. Actin rearrangement is essential in regulating cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and migration. Dysregulation of the ROCK1/LIMK2/cofilin pathway has been reported to link to the development of various solid cancers such as breast, lung, and prostate cancer and liquid cancer like leukemia. This review aims to assess the findings from multiple reported in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies on the potential tumour-regulatory role of LIMK2 in different human cancers. The findings of the selected literature unraveled that activated AKT, EGF, and TGF-β pathways can upregulate the activities of the ROCK1/LIMK2/cofilin pathway. Besides cofilin, LIMK2 can modulate the cellular levels of other proteins, such as TPPP1, to promote microtubule polymerization. The tumour suppressor protein p53 can transactivate LIMK2b, a splice variant of LIMK2, to induce cell cycle arrest and allow DNA repair to occur before the cell enters the next phase of the cell cycle. Additionally, several non-coding RNAs, such as miR-135a and miR-939-5p, could also epigenetically regulate the expression of LIMK2. Since the expression of LIMK2 is dysregulated in several human cancers, measuring the tissue expression of LIMK2 could potentially help diagnose cancer and predict patient prognosis. As LIMK2 could play tumour-promoting and tumour-inhibiting roles in cancer development, more investigation should be conducted to carefully evaluate whether introducing a LIMK2 inhibitor in cancer patients could slow cancer progression without posing clinical harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xiong Chong
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Kaimuangpak K, Rosalina R, Thumanu K, Weerapreeyakul N. Macromolecules with predominant β-pleated sheet proteins in extracellular vesicles released from Raphanus sativus L. var. caudatus Alef microgreens induce DNA damage-mediated apoptosis in HCT116 colon cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132001. [PMID: 38702007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Plant-derived bioactive macromolecules (i.e., proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) were prepared as extracellular vesicles (EVs). Plant-derived EVs are gaining pharmaceutical research interest because of their bioactive components and delivery properties. The spherical nanosized EVs derived from Raphanus sativus L. var. caudatus Alef microgreens previously showed antiproliferative activity in HCT116 colon cancer cells from macromolecular compositions (predominantly proteins). To understand the mechanism of action, the biological activity studies, i.e., antiproliferation, cellular biochemical changes, DNA conformational changes, DNA damage, apoptotic nuclear morphological changes, apoptosis induction, and apoptotic pathways, were determined by neutral red uptake assay, synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, comet assay, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, flow cytometry, and caspase activity assay, respectively. EVs inhibited HCT116 cell growth in concentration- and time-dependent manners, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 675.4 ± 33.8 μg/ml at 48 h and a selectivity index of 1.5 ± 0.076. HCT116 treated with EVs mainly changed the cellular biochemical compositions in the nucleic acids and carbohydrates region. The DNA damage caused no changes in DNA conformation. The apoptotic nuclear morphological changes were associated with the increased apoptotic cell population. The apoptotic cell death was induced by both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. EVs have potential as antiproliferative bioparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karnchanok Kaimuangpak
- Graduate School (Research and Development in Pharmaceuticals Program), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Reny Rosalina
- Graduate School (Biomedical Sciences Program), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Kanjana Thumanu
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Choi YJ, Lee K, Lee SY, Kwon Y, Woo J, Jeon CY, Ko SG. p53 activation enhances the sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer to the combination of SH003 and docetaxel by inhibiting de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:156. [PMID: 38704578 PMCID: PMC11069295 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying molecular biomarkers for predicting responses to anti-cancer drugs can enhance treatment precision and minimize side effects. This study investigated the novel cancer-targeting mechanism of combining SH003, an herbal medicine, with docetaxel in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Also, the present study aimed to identify the genetic characteristics of cancer cells susceptible to this combination. METHODS Cell viability was analyzed by WST-8 assay. Apoptosis induction, BrdU incorporation, and cell cycle analysis were performed using flow cytometry. Metabolites were measured by LC-MS/MS analysis. Real-time PCR and western blotting evaluated RNA and protein expression. DNA damage was quantified through immunofluorescence. cBioPortal and GEPIA data were utilized to explore the mutual co-occurrence of TP53 and UMPS and UMPS gene expression in NSCLC. RESULTS The combination treatment suppressed de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis by reducing the expression of related enzymes. This blockade of pyrimidine metabolism led to DNA damage and subsequent apoptosis, revealing a novel mechanism for inducing lung cancer cell death with this combination. However, some lung cancer cells exhibited distinct responses to the combination treatment that inhibited pyrimidine metabolism. The differences in sensitivity in lung cancer cells were determined by the TP53 gene status. TP53 wild-type lung cancer cells were effectively inhibited by the combination treatment through p53 activation, while TP53 mutant- or null-type cells exhibited lower sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS This study, for the first time, established a link between cancer cell genetic features and treatment response to simultaneous SH003 and docetaxel treatment. It highlights the significance of p53 as a predictive factor for susceptibility to this combination treatment. These findings also suggest that p53 status could serve as a crucial criterion in selecting appropriate therapeutic strategies for targeting pyrimidine metabolism in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jeong Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Kangwook Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Youngbin Kwon
- Department of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaehyuk Woo
- Department of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan-Yong Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
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Anderson G, Borooah S, Megaw R, Bagnaninchi P, Weller R, McLeod A, Dhillon B. UVR and RPE - The Good, the Bad and the degenerate Macula. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 100:101233. [PMID: 38135244 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR) has a well-established causative influence within the aetiology of conditions of the skin and the anterior segment of the eye. However, a grounded assessment of the role of UVR within conditions of the retina has been hampered by a historical lack of quantitative, and spectrally resolved, assessment of how UVR impacts upon the retina in terms congruent with contemporary theories of ageing. In this review, we sought to summarise the key findings of research investigating the connection between UVR exposure in retinal cytopathology while identifying necessary avenues for future research which can deliver a deeper understanding of UVR's place within the retinal risk landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Anderson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Shyamanga Borooah
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, UC San Diego, CA, 92093-0946, USA
| | - Roly Megaw
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, EH4 2XU, UK; Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, National Health Service Scotland, Edinburgh, EH3 9HA, UK
| | - Pierre Bagnaninchi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, EH16 4UU, UK; Robert O Curle Eyelab, Instute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Richard Weller
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Andrew McLeod
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, King's Buildings, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Baljean Dhillon
- Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, National Health Service Scotland, Edinburgh, EH3 9HA, UK; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, EH16 4SB, UK; Robert O Curle Eyelab, Instute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
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Belenichev I, Popazova O, Bukhtiyarova N, Savchenko D, Oksenych V, Kamyshnyi O. Modulating Nitric Oxide: Implications for Cytotoxicity and Cytoprotection. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:504. [PMID: 38790609 PMCID: PMC11118938 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant progress in the fields of biology, physiology, molecular medicine, and pharmacology; the designation of the properties of nitrogen monoxide in the regulation of life-supporting functions of the organism; and numerous works devoted to this molecule, there are still many open questions in this field. It is widely accepted that nitric oxide (•NO) is a unique molecule that, despite its extremely simple structure, has a wide range of functions in the body, including the cardiovascular system, the central nervous system (CNS), reproduction, the endocrine system, respiration, digestion, etc. Here, we systematize the properties of •NO, contributing in conditions of physiological norms, as well as in various pathological processes, to the mechanisms of cytoprotection and cytodestruction. Current experimental and clinical studies are contradictory in describing the role of •NO in the pathogenesis of many diseases of the cardiovascular system and CNS. We describe the mechanisms of cytoprotective action of •NO associated with the regulation of the expression of antiapoptotic and chaperone proteins and the regulation of mitochondrial function. The most prominent mechanisms of cytodestruction-the initiation of nitrosative and oxidative stresses, the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and participation in apoptosis and mitosis. The role of •NO in the formation of endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction is also considered. Moreover, we focus on the various ways of pharmacological modulation in the nitroxidergic system that allow for a decrease in the cytodestructive mechanisms of •NO and increase cytoprotective ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Belenichev
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Formulation with Course of Normal Physiology, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 69000 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
| | - Olena Popazova
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 69000 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
| | - Nina Bukhtiyarova
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 69000 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Savchenko
- Department of Pharmacy and Industrial Drug Technology, Bogomolets National Medical University, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Valentyn Oksenych
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Kamyshnyi
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine;
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Rinaldi M, Pezone A, Quadrini GI, Abbadessa G, Laezza MP, Passaro ML, Porcellini A, Costagliola C. Targeting shared pathways in tauopathies and age-related macular degeneration: implications for novel therapies. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1371745. [PMID: 38633983 PMCID: PMC11021713 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1371745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate parallels in structure and function between the human retina and the central nervous system designate the retina as a prospective avenue for understanding brain-related processes. This review extensively explores the shared physiopathological mechanisms connecting age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and proteinopathies, with a specific focus on tauopathies. The pivotal involvement of oxidative stress and cellular senescence emerges as key drivers of pathogenesis in both conditions. Uncovering these shared elements not only has the potential to enhance our understanding of intricate neurodegenerative diseases but also sets the stage for pioneering therapeutic approaches in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Rinaldi
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Pezone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaia Italia Quadrini
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Abbadessa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Laezza
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Passaro
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Ciro Costagliola
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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10
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Manji J, Pipella J, Brawerman G, Thompson PJ. Exploring Transcriptional Regulation of Beta Cell SASP by Brd4-Associated Proteins and Cell Cycle Control Protein p21. EPIGENOMES 2024; 8:10. [PMID: 38534794 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes8010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a metabolic disease resulting from progressive autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. Although the majority of beta cells are lost in T1D, a small subset undergoes senescence, a stress response involving growth arrest, DNA damage response, and activation of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SASP in beta cells of the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of T1D and primary human islets is regulated at the level of transcription by bromodomain extra-terminal (BET) proteins, but the mechanisms remain unclear. To explore how SASP is transcriptionally regulated in beta cells, we used the NOD beta cell line NIT-1 to model beta cell SASP and identified binding partners of BET protein Brd4 and explored the role of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Brd4 interacted with a variety of proteins in senescent NIT-1 cells including subunits of the Ino80 chromatin remodeling complex, which was expressed in beta cells during T1D progression in NOD mice and in human beta cells of control, autoantibody-positive, and T1D donors as determined from single-cell RNA-seq data. RNAi knockdown of p21 during senescence in NIT-1 cells did not significantly impact viability or SASP. Taken together, these results suggest that Brd4 interacts with several protein partners during senescence in NIT-1 cells, some of which may play roles in SASP gene activation and that p21 is dispensable for the SASP in this beta cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Manji
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Jasmine Pipella
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Gabriel Brawerman
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Peter J Thompson
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
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11
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Yan L, Geng Q, Cao Z, Liu B, Li L, Lu P, Lin L, Wei L, Tan Y, He X, Li L, Zhao N, Lu C. Insights into DNMT1 and programmed cell death in diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115753. [PMID: 37871559 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
DNMT1 (DNA methyltransferase 1) is the predominant member of the DNMT family and the most abundant DNMT in various cell types. It functions as a maintenance DNMT and is involved in various diseases, including cancer and nervous system diseases. Programmed cell death (PCD) is a fundamental mechanism that regulates cell proliferation and maintains the development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. DNMT1 plays a regulatory role in various types of PCD, including apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and others. DNMT1 is closely associated with the development of various diseases by regulating key genes and pathways involved in PCD, including caspase 3/7 activities in apoptosis, Beclin 1, LC3, and some autophagy-related proteins in autophagy, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) in ferroptosis, and receptor-interacting protein kinase 1-receptor-interacting protein kinase 3-mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL) in necroptosis. Our study summarizes the regulatory relationship between DNMT1 and different types of PCD in various diseases and discusses the potential of DNMT1 as a common regulatory hub in multiple types of PCD, offering a perspective for therapeutic approaches in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Geng
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Cao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lini Wei
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Tan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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12
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Macedo-Silva C, Miranda-Gonçalves V, Tavares NT, Barros-Silva D, Lencart J, Lobo J, Oliveira Â, Correia MP, Altucci L, Jerónimo C. Epigenetic regulation of TP53 is involved in prostate cancer radioresistance and DNA damage response signaling. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:395. [PMID: 37840069 PMCID: PMC10577134 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
External beam radiotherapy (RT) is a leading first-line therapy for prostate cancer (PCa), and, in recent years, significant advances have been accomplished. However, RT resistance can arise and result in long-term recurrence or disease progression in the worst-case scenario. Thus, making crucial the discovery of new targets for PCa radiosensitization. Herein, we generated a radioresistant PCa cell line, and found p53 to be highly expressed in radioresistant PCa cells, as well as in PCa patients with recurrent/disease progression submitted to RT. Mechanism dissection revealed that RT could promote p53 expression via epigenetic modulation. Specifically, a decrease of H3K27me3 occupancy at TP53 gene promoter, due to increased KDM6B activity, was observed in radioresistant PCa cells. Furthermore, p53 is essential for efficient DNA damage signaling response and cell recovery upon stress induction by prolonged fractionated irradiation. Remarkably, KDM6B inhibition by GSK-J4 significantly decreased p53 expression, consequently attenuating the radioresistant phenotype of PCa cells and hampering in vivo 3D tumor formation. Overall, this work contributes to improve the understanding of p53 as a mediator of signaling transduction in DNA damage repair, as well as the impact of epigenetic targeting for PCa radiosensitization.
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Grants
- CJ’s Research is funded by Research Center of Portuguese Institute of Porto (BF.CBEG CI-IPOP-27-2016) and EpiParty PI 159-CI-IPOP-152-2021).
- CM-S holds a fellowship grant from UniCampania, Naples, Italy (2019-UNA2CLE-0170010).
- VM-G was funded by P.CCC: Centro Compreensivo de Cancro do Porto” – NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-072678, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).
- NTT was funded by P.CCC: Centro Compreensivo de Cancro do Porto” – NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-072678, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).
- DB-S holds a fellowship grant from FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/136007/2018).
- MPC was funded by FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (CEECINST/00091/2018).
- LA’s research is funded by Epi-MS under the VALERE 2019 Program; V:ALERE 2020—“CIRCE”; Campania Regional Government Technology Platform 2038 Lotta alle Patologie Oncologiche iCURE-B21C17000030007; Campania Regional Government FASE2: IDEAL; MIUR, Proof of Concept POC01_00043; POR Campania FSE 2014-2020 ASSE III; PON RI 2014/2020 “Dottorati Innovativi con caratterizzazione ndustrial”; Horizon EU: CAN-SERV BBMRI; EPI-MET MISE 2022; Bando giovani ricercatori D.R. n.834 del 30/09/2022 Università Vanvitelli project: Miranda; National Plan for NRRP Complementary Investments – Law Decree May 6, 2021, n. 59, converted and modified as to Law n. 101/2021Research initiatives for technologies and innovative trajectories in the health and care sectors: project ANTHEM (AdvaNced Technologies for Human-centrEd Medicine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Macedo-Silva
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/ CI-IPOP@ RISE (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Vera Miranda-Gonçalves
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/ CI-IPOP@ RISE (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, ICBAS-School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Tiago Tavares
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/ CI-IPOP@ RISE (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Barros-Silva
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/ CI-IPOP@ RISE (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Lencart
- Medical Physics, Radiobiology and Radiation Protection Group-Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/CI-IPOP@ RISE (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Medical Physics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Lobo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/ CI-IPOP@ RISE (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, ICBAS-School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângelo Oliveira
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margareta P Correia
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/ CI-IPOP@ RISE (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, ICBAS-School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
- BIOGEM, Molecular Biology and Genetics Research Institute, 83100, Avellino, Italy
- IEOS, Institute of Endocrinology and Oncology, 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/ CI-IPOP@ RISE (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, ICBAS-School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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13
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Doha ZO, Sears RC. Unraveling MYC's Role in Orchestrating Tumor Intrinsic and Tumor Microenvironment Interactions Driving Tumorigenesis and Drug Resistance. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2023; 30:400-419. [PMID: 37755397 PMCID: PMC10537413 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology30030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor MYC plays a pivotal role in regulating various cellular processes and has been implicated in tumorigenesis across multiple cancer types. MYC has emerged as a master regulator governing tumor intrinsic and tumor microenvironment interactions, supporting tumor progression and driving drug resistance. This review paper aims to provide an overview and discussion of the intricate mechanisms through which MYC influences tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance in cancer. We delve into the signaling pathways and molecular networks orchestrated by MYC in the context of tumor intrinsic characteristics, such as proliferation, replication stress and DNA repair. Furthermore, we explore the impact of MYC on the tumor microenvironment, including immune evasion, angiogenesis and cancer-associated fibroblast remodeling. Understanding MYC's multifaceted role in driving drug resistance and tumor progression is crucial for developing targeted therapies and combination treatments that may effectively combat this devastating disease. Through an analysis of the current literature, this review's goal is to shed light on the complexities of MYC-driven oncogenesis and its potential as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinab O. Doha
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Taibah University, Al-Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rosalie C. Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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14
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Dai Y, Li Y, Hu X, Jiang N, Liu W, Meng Y, Zhou Y, Xu C, Xue M, Fan Y. Nonstructural protein NS17 of grass carp reovirus Honghu strain promotes virus infection by mediating cell-cell fusion and apoptosis. Virus Res 2023; 334:199150. [PMID: 37302658 PMCID: PMC10410512 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) proteins can promote cell fusion, alter membrane permeability and trigger apoptosis to promote virus proliferation in orthoreoviruses. However, it is unknown whether FAST proteins perform these functions in aquareoviruses (AqRVs). Non-structural protein 17 (NS17) carried by grass carp reovirus Honghu strain (GCRV-HH196) belongs to the FAST protein family, and we preliminarily explored its relevance to virus infection. NS17 has similar domains to FAST protein NS16 of GCRV-873, comprising a transmembrane domain, a polybasic cluster, a hydrophobic patch and a polyproline motif. It was observed in the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. Overexpression of NS17 enhanced the efficiency of cell-cell fusion induced by GCRV-HH196 and promoted virus replication. Overexpression of NS17 also led to DNA fragmentation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and it triggered apoptosis. The findings illuminate the functions of NS17 in GCRV infection, and provide a reference for the development of novel antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Dai
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yiqun Li
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
| | - Xi Hu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Wenzhi Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Mingyang Xue
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Yuding Fan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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15
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Wörthmüller J, Disler S, Pradervand S, Richard F, Haerri L, Ruiz Buendía GA, Fournier N, Desmedt C, Rüegg C. MAGI1 Prevents Senescence and Promotes the DNA Damage Response in ER + Breast Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:1929. [PMID: 37566008 PMCID: PMC10417439 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
MAGI1 acts as a tumor suppressor in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC), and its loss correlates with a more aggressive phenotype. To identify the pathways and events affected by MAGI1 loss, we deleted the MAGI1 gene in the ER+ MCF7 BC cell line and performed RNA sequencing and functional experiments in vitro. Transcriptome analyses revealed gene sets and biological processes related to estrogen signaling, the cell cycle, and DNA damage responses affected by MAGI1 loss. Upon exposure to TNF-α/IFN-γ, MCF7 MAGI1 KO cells entered a deeper level of quiescence/senescence compared with MCF7 control cells and activated the AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. MCF7 MAGI1 KO cells exposed to ionizing radiations or cisplatin had reduced expression of DNA repair proteins and showed increased sensitivity towards PARP1 inhibition using olaparib. Treatment with PI3K and AKT inhibitors (alpelisib and MK-2206) restored the expression of DNA repair proteins and sensitized cells to fulvestrant. An analysis of human BC patients' transcriptomic data revealed that patients with low MAGI1 levels had a higher tumor mutational burden and homologous recombination deficiency. Moreover, MAGI1 expression levels negatively correlated with PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling, which confirmed our in vitro observations. Pharmacological and genomic evidence indicate HDACs as regulators of MAGI1 expression. Our findings provide a new view on MAGI1 function in cancer and identify potential treatment options to improve the management of ER+ BC patients with low MAGI1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Wörthmüller
- Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology (OMI), Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Simona Disler
- Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology (OMI), Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Pradervand
- Lausanne Genomic Technologies Facility (LGTF), University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François Richard
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa Haerri
- Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology (OMI), Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gustavo A. Ruiz Buendía
- Translational Data Science-Facility, AGORA Cancer Research Center, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Bugnon 25A, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Fournier
- Translational Data Science-Facility, AGORA Cancer Research Center, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Bugnon 25A, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christine Desmedt
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Curzio Rüegg
- Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology (OMI), Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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16
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Amberger M, Grueso E, Ivics Z. CRISISS: A Novel, Transcriptionally and Post-Translationally Inducible CRISPR/Cas9-Based Cellular Suicide Switch. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9799. [PMID: 37372948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
With the ever-increasing developing rate of gene and cellular therapy applications and growing accessibility due to products receiving regulatory approval, the need for effective and reliable safety mechanisms to prevent or eliminate potentially fatal side effects is of the utmost importance. In this study, we present the CRISPR-induced suicide switch (CRISISS) as a tool to eliminate genetically modified cells in an inducible and highly efficient manner by targeting Cas9 to highly repetitive Alu retrotransposons in the human genome, causing irreparable genomic fragmentation by the Cas9 nuclease and resulting cell death. The suicide switch components, including expression cassettes for a transcriptionally and post-translationally inducible Cas9 and an Alu-specific single-guide RNA, were integrated into the genome of target cells via Sleeping-Beauty-mediated transposition. The resulting transgenic cells did not show signs of any impact on overall fitness when uninduced, as unintended background expression, background DNA damage response and background cell killing were not observed. When induced, however, a strong expression of Cas9, a strong DNA damage response and a rapid halt of cell proliferation coupled with near complete cell death within four days post-induction were seen. With this proof-of-concept study, we present a novel and promising approach for a robust suicide switch with potential utility for gene and cell therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Amberger
- Research Center, Division of Hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Esther Grueso
- Research Center, Division of Hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Zoltán Ivics
- Research Center, Division of Hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany
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17
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Yurova MN, Golubev AG, Aleksakhina SN, Fedoros EI, Tumanyan IA, Otradnova EA, Soloviev IV, Sergiev PV, Imyanitov EN. The Effect of Inactivating Heterozygous Mutation in NBS1 Gene on DNA Damage and Repair Markers and Apoptosis Markers in Mice. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 175:234-238. [PMID: 37466852 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
We studied the state of the DNA repair system and apoptosis in young mice carrying heterozygous inactivating mutation in the NBS1 gene (c.1971insT, p.Arg658Stop). In the peripheral blood cells of 4-month-old NBS1insT males, the %DNA in the comet tail was higher by 10% than in wild-type mice (wt) (p<0.05). In hepatocytes of NBS1insT mice, the proportion of γH2AX+ nuclear regions marking DNA double-strand breaks was lower by 2 times than in wt mice (p<0.05), which can be an indicator of less efficient DNA repair. In the kidney tissue of NBS1insT mice, a tendency towards the proapoptotic ratio of Bax and Bcl-2 protein markers was revealed against the background of their reduced expression. Thus, the disturbances detected NBS1insT mice in young age suggest that this model is promising for further studies of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Yurova
- N. N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - A G Golubev
- N. N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S N Aleksakhina
- N. N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E I Fedoros
- N. N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I A Tumanyan
- N. N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E A Otradnova
- N. N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I V Soloviev
- N. N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - P V Sergiev
- Institute of Functional Genomics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - E N Imyanitov
- N. N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
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18
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Li H, Zhuang H, Gu T, Li G, Jiang Y, Xu S, Zhou Q. RAD54L promotes progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via the homologous recombination repair pathway. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:128. [PMID: 37071224 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01060-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with high incidence worldwide. The underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The DNA metabolic process of homologous recombination repair (HRR) has been linked to a high probability of tumorigenesis and drug resistance. This study aimed to determine the role of HRR in HCC and identify critical HRR-related genes that affect tumorigenesis and prognosis. A total of 613 tumor and 252 para-carcinoma tissue samples were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs). HRR-related genes were assessed using gene enrichment and pathway analyses. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method in the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis portal. The levels of RAD54L in the HRR pathway were detected by RT-qPCR and western blotting in para-carcinoma and HCC tissues and in L02 normal human liver cells and Huh7 HCC cells. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on the clinical specimens to determine the connection between gene expression and clinical features. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the HRR pathway was enriched in HCC tissues. Upregulation of HRR pathway DEGs in HCC tissues was positively correlated with tumor pathological staging and negatively associated with patient overall survival. RAD54B, RAD54L, and EME1 genes in the HRR pathway were screened as markers for predicting HCC prognosis. RT-qPCR identified RAD54L as the most significantly expressed of the three genes. Western blotting and IHC quantitative analyses further demonstrated that RAD54L protein levels were higher in HCC tissues. IHC analysis of 39 pairs of HCC and para-carcinoma tissue samples also revealed an association between RAD54L and Edmondson-Steiner grade and the proliferation-related gene Ki67. The collective findings positively correlate RAD54L in the HRR signaling pathway with HCC staging and implicate RAD54L as a marker to predict HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haiwen Zhuang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Tengfei Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Lianshui County, Huai'an, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuhang Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Sanrong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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19
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Pezone A, Olivieri F, Napoli MV, Procopio A, Avvedimento EV, Gabrielli A. Inflammation and DNA damage: cause, effect or both. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:200-211. [PMID: 36750681 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a biological response involving immune cells, blood vessels and mediators induced by endogenous and exogenous stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells or chemicals. Unresolved (chronic) inflammation is characterized by the secretion of cytokines that maintain inflammation and redox stress. Mitochondrial or nuclear redox imbalance induces DNA damage, which triggers the DNA damage response (DDR) that is orchestrated by ATM and ATR kinases, which modify gene expression and metabolism and, eventually, establish the senescent phenotype. DDR-mediated senescence is induced by the signalling proteins p53, p16 and p21, which arrest the cell cycle in G1 or G2 and promote cytokine secretion, producing the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Senescence and inflammation phenotypes are intimately associated, but highly heterogeneous because they vary according to the cell type that is involved. The vicious cycle of inflammation, DNA damage and DDR-mediated senescence, along with the constitutive activation of the immune system, is the core of an evolutionarily conserved circuitry, which arrests the cell cycle to reduce the accumulation of mutations generated by DNA replication during redox stress caused by infection or inflammation. Evidence suggests that specific organ dysfunctions in apparently unrelated diseases of autoimmune, rheumatic, degenerative and vascular origins are caused by inflammation resulting from DNA damage-induced senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pezone
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Clinica di Medicina di Laboratorio e di Precisione, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Napoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Procopio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Clinica di Medicina di Laboratorio e di Precisione, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Enrico Vittorio Avvedimento
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del C.N.R., Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Armando Gabrielli
- Fondazione di Medicina Molecolare e Terapia Cellulare, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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Afzal M, Alarifi A, Karami AM, Ayub R, Abduh NAY, Saeed WS, Muddassir M. Antiproliferative Mechanisms of a Polyphenolic Combination of Kaempferol and Fisetin in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076393. [PMID: 37047366 PMCID: PMC10094218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we investigate the combinatorial therapeutic effects of naturally occurring flavonoids kaempferol (K) and fisetin (F) on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC: MDA-MB-231 cell line). Dose-dependent MTT assay results show that K and F exhibited cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 cells at 62 and 75 μM (IC50), respectively, after 24 h. However, combined K + F led to 40% and more than 50% TNBC cell death observed at 10 and 20 μM, respectively, which revealed the synergistic association of both. The combination of K and F was determined to be more effective in inhibiting cell viability than either of the agents alone. The morphological changes associated with significant apoptotic cell death were observed under a fluorescent microscope, strongly supporting the synergistic association between K and F. We also proposed that combining the effects of both polyphenols, as opposed to their individual effects, would increase their in vitro efficacy. Furthermore, we assessed the cell death pathway by the combinational treatment via reactive oxygen species-induced DNA damage and the mitochondrially mediated apoptotic pathway. This study reveals the prominent synergistic role of phytochemicals, which helps in elevating the therapeutic efficacy of dietary nutrients and that anticancer effects may be a result of nutrients that act in concert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd. Afzal
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Abdullah Alarifi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rashid Ayub
- Department of Science Technology Unit, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naaser A. Y. Abduh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waseem Sharaf Saeed
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd. Muddassir
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Association of Clinical Aspects and Genetic Variants with the Severity of Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Prospective Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061759. [PMID: 36980643 PMCID: PMC10046479 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cisplatin (CDDP) is a major ototoxic chemotherapy agent for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treatment. Clinicopathological features and genotypes encode different stages of CDDP metabolism, as their coexistence may influence the prevalence and severity of hearing loss. Methods: HNSCC patients under CDDP chemoradiation were prospectively provided with baseline and post-treatment audiometry. Clinicopathological features and genetic variants encoding glutathione S-transferases (GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1), nucleotide excision repair (XPC, XPD, XPF, ERCC1), mismatch repair (MLH1, MSH2, MSH3, EXO1), and apoptosis (P53, CASP8, CASP9, CASP3, FAS, FASL)-related proteins were analyzed regarding ototoxicity. Results: Eighty-nine patients were included, with a cumulative CDDP dose of 260 mg/m2. Moderate/severe ototoxicity occurred in 26 (29%) patients, particularly related to hearing loss at frequencies over 3000 Hertz. Race, body-mass index, and cumulative CDDP were independent risk factors. Patients with specific isolated and combined genotypes of GSTM1, GSTP1 c.313A>G, XPC c.2815A>C, XPD c.934G>A, EXO1 c.1762G>A, MSH3 c.3133A>G, FASL c.-844A>T, and P53 c.215G>C SNVs had up to 32.22 higher odds of presenting moderate/severe ototoxicity. Conclusions: Our data present, for the first time, the association of combined inherited nucleotide variants involved in CDDP efflux, DNA repair, and apoptosis with ototoxicity, which could be potential predictors in future clinical and genomic models.
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Proskurnina EV, Mikheev IV, Savinova EA, Ershova ES, Veiko NN, Kameneva LV, Dolgikh OA, Rodionov IV, Proskurnin MA, Kostyuk SV. Effects of Aqueous Dispersions of C 60, C 70, and Gd@C 82 Fullerenes on DNA Oxidative Damage/Repair and Apoptosis in Human Embryonic Lung Fibroblasts. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1391-1401. [PMID: 36821424 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Fullerenes and metallofullerenes play an active role in homeostasis of reactive oxygen species and may cause oxidative damage to cells. As pristine fullerenes are a basis for derivatization, studying oxidative DNA damage/repair and apoptosis is important in terms of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity for their biomedical application. Aqueous dispersions of C60, C70, and Gd@C82 (5 nM and 1.5 μM) were cultured with human fetal lung fibroblasts for 1, 3, 24, and 72 h. Oxidative DNA damage/repair was assessed through concentration of 8-oxodG, double-strand breaks, and activation of BRCA1. Activity of apoptosis was assessed through the BCL2/BAX ratio. All three fullerenes caused oxidative modification of DNA at the early stages; C60 caused the most long-term damage, Gd@C82 caused the most short-term damage, and C70 caused "wave-like" dynamics. The dynamics of DNA repair correlated with the dynamics of oxidative damage, but Gd@C82 caused more prolonged activation of the repair system than C60 or C70. The oxidative toxicity of Gd@C82, is minor and the oxidative toxicity of C60 is mild and short-term, in contrast to C70. In relation to the studied effects, the fullerenes can be arranged in a safety row of Gd@C82 > C60 > C70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Proskurnina
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Ivan V Mikheev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Savinova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Elizaveta S Ershova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Natalia N Veiko
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Larisa V Kameneva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Olga A Dolgikh
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Ivan V Rodionov
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Proskurnin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Kostyuk
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, Moscow 115522, Russia
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Ex Vivo Functional Assay for Evaluating Treatment Response in Tumor Tissue of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020478. [PMID: 36672427 PMCID: PMC9856585 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) displays a large heterogeneity in treatment response, and consequently in patient prognosis. Despite extensive efforts, no clinically validated model is available to predict tumor response. Here we describe a functional test for predicting tumor response to radiation and chemotherapy on the level of the individual patient. METHODS Resection material of 17 primary HNSCC patients was cultured ex vivo, irradiated or cisplatin-treated, after which the effect on tumor cell vitality was analyzed several days after treatment. RESULTS Ionizing radiation (IR) affected tumor cell growth and viability with a clear dose-response relationship, and marked heterogeneity between tumors was observed. After a single dose of 5Gy, proliferation in IR-sensitive tumors dropped below 30% of the untreated level, while IR-resistant tumors maintained at least 60% of proliferation. IR-sensitive tumors showed on average a twofold increase in apoptosis, as well as an increased number and size of DNA damage foci after treatment. No differences in the homologous recombination (HR) proficiency between IR-sensitive and -resistant tumors were detected. Cisplatin caused a decrease in proliferation, as well as induction of apoptosis, again with marked variation between the samples. CONCLUSIONS Our functional ex vivo assay discriminated between IR-sensitive and IR-resistant HNSCC tumors, and may also be suitable for predicting response to cisplatin. Its predictive value is currently under investigation in a prospective clinical study.
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Acute radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation exposure impairs neurogenesis and causes neuronal DNA damage in the young rat brain. Neurotoxicology 2023; 94:46-58. [PMID: 36336097 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A mobile phone is now a commonly used device for digital media and communication among all age groups. Young adolescents use it for longer durations, which exposes them to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR). This exposure can lead to neuropsychiatric changes. The underlying cellular mechanism behind these changes requires detailed investigation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of RF-EMR emitted from mobile phones on young adolescent rat brains. Wistar rats (5 weeks, male) were exposed to RF-EMR signal (2115 MHz) at a head average specific absorption rate (SAR) of 1.51 W/kg continuously for 8 h. Higher level of lipid peroxidation, carbon-centered lipid radicals, and single-strand DNA damage was observed in the brain of rat exposed to RF-EMR. The number of BrdU-positive cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) decreased in RF-EMR-exposed rats, indicating reduced neurogenesis. RF-EMR exposure also induced degenerative changes and neuronal loss in DG neurons but had no effect on the CA3 and CA1 neurons of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. The activity of Pro-caspase3 did not increase upon exposure in any of the brain regions, pointing out that degeneration observed in the DG region is not dependent on caspase activation. Results indicate that short-term acute exposure to RF-EMR induced the generation of carbon-centered lipid radicals and nuclear DNA damage, both of which likely played a role in the impaired neurogenesis and neuronal degeneration seen in the young brain's hippocampus region. The understanding of RF-EMR-induced alteration in the brain at the cellular level will help develop appropriate interventions for reducing its adverse impact.
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Hao Y, Lu L, Liu A, Lin X, Xiao L, Kong X, Li K, Liang F, Xiong J, Qu L, Li Y, Li J. Integrating bioinformatic strategies in spatial life science research. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:bbac415. [PMID: 36198665 PMCID: PMC9677476 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As space exploration programs progress, manned space missions will become more frequent and farther away from Earth, putting a greater emphasis on astronaut health. Through the collaborative efforts of researchers from various countries, the effect of the space environment factors on living systems is gradually being uncovered. Although a large number of interconnected research findings have been produced, their connection seems to be confused, and many unknown effects are left to be discovered. Simultaneously, several valuable data resources have emerged, accumulating data measuring biological effects in space that can be used to further investigate the unknown biological adaptations. In this review, the previous findings and their correlations are sorted out to facilitate the understanding of biological adaptations to space and the design of countermeasures. The biological effect measurement methods/data types are also organized to provide references for experimental design and data analysis. To aid deeper exploration of the data resources, we summarized common characteristics of the data generated from longitudinal experiments, outlined challenges or caveats in data analysis and provided corresponding solutions by recommending bioinformatics strategies and available models/tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Hao
- Key Laboratory of DGHD, MOE, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, No. 26 Beiqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Anna Liu
- Key Laboratory of DGHD, MOE, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Lin
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, No. 26 Beiqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Xiaoyue Kong
- Key Laboratory of DGHD, MOE, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, No. 26 Beiqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Fengji Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, No. 26 Beiqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Jianghui Xiong
- The State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, No. 26 Beiqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Lina Qu
- The State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, No. 26 Beiqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, No. 26 Beiqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of DGHD, MOE, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Sorokin M, Zolotovskaia M, Nikitin D, Suntsova M, Poddubskaya E, Glusker A, Garazha A, Moisseev A, Li X, Sekacheva M, Naskhletashvili D, Seryakov A, Wang Y, Buzdin A. Personalized targeted therapy prescription in colorectal cancer using algorithmic analysis of RNA sequencing data. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1113. [PMID: 36316649 PMCID: PMC9623986 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overall survival of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) patients remains poor, and gene expression analysis could potentially complement detection of clinically relevant mutations to personalize CRC treatments. METHODS We performed RNA sequencing of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) cancer tissue samples of 23 CRC patients and interpreted the data obtained using bioinformatic method Oncobox for expression-based rating of targeted therapeutics. Oncobox ranks cancer drugs according to the efficiency score calculated using target genes expression and molecular pathway activation data. The patients had primary and metastatic CRC with metastases in liver, peritoneum, brain, adrenal gland, lymph nodes and ovary. Two patients had mutations in NRAS, seven others had mutated KRAS gene. Patients were treated by aflibercept, bevacizumab, bortezomib, cabozantinib, cetuximab, crizotinib, denosumab, panitumumab and regorafenib as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy, and information on the success of totally 39 lines of therapy was collected. RESULTS Oncobox drug efficiency score was effective biomarker that could predict treatment outcomes in the experimental cohort (AUC 0.77 for all lines of therapy and 0.91 for the first line after tumor sampling). Separately for bevacizumab, it was effective in the experimental cohort (AUC 0.87) and in 3 independent literature CRC datasets, n = 107 (AUC 0.84-0.94). It also predicted progression-free survival in univariate (Hazard ratio 0.14) and multivariate (Hazard ratio 0.066) analyses. Difference in AUC scores evidences importance of using recent biosamples for the prediction quality. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that RNA sequencing analysis of tumor FFPE materials may be helpful for personalizing prescriptions of targeted therapeutics in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Sorokin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Moscow Region, Russia
- OmicsWay Corp, 91789 Walnut, CA USA
| | | | - Daniil Nikitin
- OmicsWay Corp, 91789 Walnut, CA USA
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Suntsova
- World-Class Research Center “Digital biodesign and personalized healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Poddubskaya
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Clinical Center Vitamed, 121309 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Glusker
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexey Moisseev
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Xinmin Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, 90095 Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Marina Sekacheva
- World-Class Research Center “Digital biodesign and personalized healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Ye Wang
- Core Laboratory, The Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Anton Buzdin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Moscow Region, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital biodesign and personalized healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Kumari S, Sharma S, Advani D, Khosla A, Kumar P, Ambasta RK. Unboxing the molecular modalities of mutagens in cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62111-62159. [PMID: 34611806 PMCID: PMC8492102 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16726-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of the majority of human cancers is associated with a myriad of environmental causes, including physical, chemical, and biological factors. DNA damage induced by such mutagens is the initial step in the process of carcinogenesis resulting in the accumulation of mutations. Mutational events are considered the major triggers for introducing genetic and epigenetic insults such as DNA crosslinks, single- and double-strand DNA breaks, formation of DNA adducts, mismatched bases, modification in histones, DNA methylation, and microRNA alterations. However, DNA repair mechanisms are devoted to protect the DNA to ensure genetic stability, any aberrations in these calibrated mechanisms provoke cancer occurrence. Comprehensive knowledge of the type of mutagens and carcinogens and the influence of these agents in DNA damage and cancer induction is crucial to develop rational anticancer strategies. This review delineated the molecular mechanism of DNA damage and the repair pathways to provide a deep understanding of the molecular basis of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. A relationship between DNA adduct formation and cancer incidence has also been summarized. The mechanistic basis of inflammatory response and oxidative damage triggered by mutagens in tumorigenesis has also been highlighted. We elucidated the interesting interplay between DNA damage response and immune system mechanisms. We addressed the current understanding of DNA repair targeted therapies and DNA damaging chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment and discussed how antiviral agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, and immunotherapeutic agents combined with traditional approaches lay the foundations for future cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Kumari
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Sudhanshu Sharma
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Dia Advani
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Akanksha Khosla
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India.
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Song Y, Zhao J, Qiao T, Li L, Shi D, Sun Y, Shen W, Sun X. Maternal ochratoxin A exposure impairs meiosis progression and primordial follicle formation of F1 offspring. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 168:113386. [PMID: 36007852 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium fungi, widely contaminates feed, food and their raw materials. OTA has been proved to have hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Its reproductive toxicity needs to be further explored. We found that OTA inhibited the progression of meiosis, keeping more germ cells at leptotene and zygotene. Furthermore, OTA impaired primordial follicle formation, keeping more germ cells in cysts. Increased γH2AX suggested that DNA damage occurred both at the stages of meiosis and primordial follicle formation. The expression of RAD51 increased with the concentration of OTA at the stage of meiosis, while decreased later, suggesting the activated DNA repair induced by DNA damage then inhibited by persistent and excessive stress of DNA damage, which further induced apoptosis. DEGs caused by OTA were also mainly enriched in DNA damage and repair through RNA-seq analysis. Higher level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased degree of oxidative damage marker 8-OHdG were both found in the ovaries exposed to OTA. We concluded that maternal OTA exposure affected meiosis progression and primordial follicle formation via oxidative damage and DNA repair. Clarification of the mechanism of OTA will contribute to the development of more effective detoxification strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Song
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jinxin Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Tian Qiao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Dachuan Shi
- Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yonghong Sun
- Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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29
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α-Lipoic Acid Inhibits Apoptosis by Suppressing the Loss of Ku Proteins in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Human Gastric Epithelial Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153206. [PMID: 35956382 PMCID: PMC9370604 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the gastric mucosa and triggers various stomach diseases. H. pylori induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA damage. The heterodimeric Ku70/Ku80 protein plays an essential role in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Oxidative stress stimulate apoptosis and DNA damage that can be repaired by Ku70/80. However, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause Ku protein degradation, resulting in DNA fragmentation and apoptosis. α-lipoic acid (α-LA), which is found in organ meats such as liver and heart, spinach, broccoli, and potatoes, quenches free radicals, chelates metal ions, and reduces intracellular DNA damage induced by oxidative stress. Here, we investigated whether H. pylori decreases Ku70/80 and induces apoptosis, and whether α-LA inhibits changes induced by H. pylori. We analyzed ROS, DNA damage markers (γ-H2AX, DNA fragmentation), levels of Ku70/80, Ku-DNA binding activity, Ku80 ubiquitination, apoptosis indices (Bcl-2, Bax, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and caspase-3), and viability in a human gastric epithelial adenocarcinoma cell line (AGS). H. pylori increased ROS, DNA damage markers, Ku80 ubiquitination, and consequently induced apoptosis. It also decreased nuclear Ku70/80 levels and Ku-DNA-binding activity; increased Bax expression, caspase-3 cleavage, and truncated AIF; but decreased Bcl-2 expression. These H. pylori-induced alterations were inhibited by α-LA. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine and proteasome inhibitor MG-132 suppressed H. pylori-induced cell death and decreased nuclear Ku70/80 levels. The results show that oxidative stress induced Ku70/80 degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system, leading to its nuclear loss and apoptosis in H. pylori-infected cells. In conclusion, α-LA inhibited apoptosis induced by H. pylori by reducing ROS levels and suppressing the loss of Ku70/80 proteins in AGS cells.
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Kundura L, Gimenez S, Cezar R, André S, Younas M, Lin YL, Portales P, Lozano C, Boulle C, Reynes J, Thierry V, Mettling C, Pasero P, Muller L, Lefrant JY, Roger C, Claret PG, Duvnjak S, Loubet P, Sotto A, Tran TA, Estaquier J, Corbeau P. Angiotensin II induces reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and T cell apoptosis in severe COVID-19. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:594-603.e2. [PMID: 35841981 PMCID: PMC9278992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Lymphopenia is predictive of survival in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objective The aim of this study was to understand the cause of the lymphocyte count drop in severe forms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Methods Monocytic production of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) and T-cell apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry, DNA damage in PBMCs was measured by immunofluorescence, and angiotensin II (AngII) was measured by ELISA in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 at admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) (n = 29) or not admitted to an ICU (n = 29) and in age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Results We showed that the monocytes of certain patients with COVID-19 spontaneously released ROSs able to induce DNA damage and apoptosis in neighboring cells. Of note, high ROS production was predictive of death in ICU patients. Accordingly, in most patients, we observed the presence of DNA damage in up to 50% of their PBMCs and T-cell apoptosis. Moreover, the intensity of this DNA damage was linked to lymphopenia. SARS-CoV-2 is known to induce the internalization of its receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, which is a protease capable of catabolizing AngII. Accordingly, in certain patients with COVID-19 we observed high plasma levels of AngII. When looking for the stimulus responsible for their monocytic ROS production, we revealed that AngII triggers ROS production by monocytes via angiotensin receptor I. ROSs released by AngII-activated monocytes induced DNA damage and apoptosis in neighboring lymphocytes. Conclusion We conclude that T-cell apoptosis provoked via DNA damage due to the release of monocytic ROSs could play a major role in COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Kundura
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002, CNRS and Montpellier University; Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Gimenez
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002, CNRS and Montpellier University; Montpellier, France
| | - Renaud Cezar
- Immunology Department, Nîmes University Hospital; Nîmes, France
| | - Sonia André
- INSERM U1124, Université de Paris; Paris, France
| | - Mehwish Younas
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002, CNRS and Montpellier University; Montpellier, France
| | - Yea-Lih Lin
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002, CNRS and Montpellier University; Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Portales
- Immunology Department, Montpellier University Hospital; Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Lozano
- Immunology Department, Montpellier University Hospital; Montpellier, France
| | - Charlotte Boulle
- Infectious diseases Department, Montpellier University Hospital; Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Reynes
- Infectious diseases Department, Montpellier University Hospital; Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Thierry
- Immunology Department, Montpellier University Hospital; Montpellier, France
| | - Clément Mettling
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002, CNRS and Montpellier University; Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Pasero
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002, CNRS and Montpellier University; Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Muller
- Surgical Intensive Care Department, Nîmes University Hospital; Nîmes, France
| | - Jean-Yves Lefrant
- Surgical Intensive Care Department, Nîmes University Hospital; Nîmes, France
| | - Claire Roger
- Surgical Intensive Care Department, Nîmes University Hospital; Nîmes, France
| | - Pierre-Géraud Claret
- Medical and Surgical Emergency Department, Nîmes University Hospital; Nîmes, France
| | - Sandra Duvnjak
- Gerontology Department, Nîmes University Hospital; Nîmes, France
| | - Paul Loubet
- Infectious diseases Department, Nîmes University Hospital; Nîmes, France
| | - Albert Sotto
- Infectious diseases Department, Nîmes University Hospital; Nîmes, France
| | - Tu-Anh Tran
- Pediatrics Department, Nîmes University Hospital; Nîmes, France
| | - Jérôme Estaquier
- INSERM U1124, Université de Paris; Paris, France; Laval University Research Center; Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Corbeau
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002, CNRS and Montpellier University; Montpellier, France; Immunology Department, Nîmes University Hospital; Nîmes, France
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Srivastava A, Mishra S, Garg PK, Dubey AK, Deo SVS, Verma D. Comparative and analytical characterization of the oral bacteriome of smokeless tobacco users with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:4115-4128. [PMID: 35596785 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck cancer worldwide. Smokeless tobacco (SLT) has been well proven for its role in oral carcinogenesis due to the abundance of several carcinogens. However, the role of inhabitant microorganisms in the oral cavity of smokeless tobacco users has not yet been well explored in the context of OSCC. Therefore, the present investigation was conceived to analyze the oral bacteriome of smokeless tobacco users having OSCC (CP group). With the assistance of illumina-based sequencing of bacterial-specific V3 hypervariable region of 16S rDNA gene, 71,969 OTUs (operational taxonomic units) were categorized into 18 phyla and 166 genera. The overall analysis revealed that the oral bacteriome of the patients with OSCC, who were smokeless tobacco users, was significantly different compared to the healthy smokeless tobacco users (HTC group) and non-users (HI users). The appearance of 14 significantly abundant genera [FDR (false discovery rate) adjusted probability value of significance (p value) < 0.05] among the CP group showed the prevalence of tobacco-specific nitrosamines forming bacteria (Staphylococcus, Fusobacterium, and Campylobacter). The functional attributes of the oral bacteriome of the CP group can also be correlated with the genes involved in oncogenesis. This study is the first report on the oral bacteriome of Indian patients with OSCC who were chronic tobacco chewers. The results of the present study will pave the way to understand the influence of smokeless tobacco on the oral bacteriome of OSCC patients. KEY POINTS: • Oral bacteriome of OSCC patients differ from healthy smokeless tobacco (SLT) users and SLT non-users. • Smokeless tobacco influences the oral bacteriome of OSCC group. • Oral bacteriome specific diagnostics may be developed for pre-diagnosis of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Srivastava
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - SukhDev Mishra
- Department of Bio-Statistics and Data Management, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Garg
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences and Shri Mahant Indiresh Hospital, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Dubey
- Division of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - S V S Deo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Digvijay Verma
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India.
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Therapeutics Targeting p53-MDM2 Interaction to Induce Cancer Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095005. [PMID: 35563397 PMCID: PMC9103871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Named as the guardian of the genome, p53 is a tumor suppressor that regulates cell function, often through many different mechanisms such as DNA repair, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, senescence, metabolism, and autophagy. One of the genes that p53 activates is MDM2, which forms a negative feedback loop since MDM2 induces the degradation of p53. When p53 activity is inhibited, damaged cells do not undergo cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. As 50% of human cancers inactivate p53 by mutation, current research focuses on reactivating p53 by developing drugs that target the p53-MDM2 interaction, which includes the binding of MDM2 and phosphorylation of p53. The objective of this article is to provide a short list and description of p53-MDM2 antagonists that may be excellent candidates for inducing cancer cell death. Relevant articles were searched for and identified using online databases such as PubMed and ScienceDirect. Increasing p53 levels, by targeting the p53-MDM2 interaction, can help p53 play its role as a tumor suppressor and induce cancer cell death. Researchers have identified different compounds that can act as inhibitors, either by directly binding to MDM2 or by modifying p53 with phosphorylation. The results associated with the drugs demonstrate the importance of targeting such interactions to inhibit cancer cell growth, which indicates that the use of the compounds may improve cancer therapeutics.
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Shadfar S, Brocardo M, Atkin JD. The Complex Mechanisms by Which Neurons Die Following DNA Damage in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052484. [PMID: 35269632 PMCID: PMC8910227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cells are exposed to numerous exogenous and endogenous insults every day. Unlike other molecules, DNA cannot be replaced by resynthesis, hence damage to DNA can have major consequences for the cell. The DNA damage response contains overlapping signalling networks that repair DNA and hence maintain genomic integrity, and aberrant DNA damage responses are increasingly described in neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, DNA repair declines during aging, which is the biggest risk factor for these conditions. If unrepaired, the accumulation of DNA damage results in death to eliminate cells with defective genomes. This is particularly important for postmitotic neurons because they have a limited capacity to proliferate, thus they must be maintained for life. Neuronal death is thus an important process in neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the inability of neurons to divide renders them susceptible to senescence or re-entry to the cell cycle. The field of cell death has expanded significantly in recent years, and many new mechanisms have been described in various cell types, including neurons. Several of these mechanisms are linked to DNA damage. In this review, we provide an overview of the cell death pathways induced by DNA damage that are relevant to neurons and discuss the possible involvement of these mechanisms in neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Shadfar
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (S.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Mariana Brocardo
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (S.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Julie D. Atkin
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (S.S.); (M.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Qi M, Liao S, Wang J, Deng Y, Zha A, Shao Y, Cui Z, Song T, Tang Y, Tan B, Yin Y. MyD88 deficiency ameliorates weight loss caused by intestinal oxidative injury in an autophagy-dependent mechanism. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:677-695. [PMID: 34811946 PMCID: PMC8818611 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut health plays a vital role in the overall health and disease control of human and animals. Intestinal oxidative stress is a critical player in the induction and progression of cachexia which is conventionally diagnosed and classified by weight loss. Therefore, reduction of intestinal oxidative injury is a common and highly effective strategy for the maintenance of human and animal health. Here we identify intestinal myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) as a novel target for intestinal oxidative stress using canonical oxidative stress model induced by paraquat (PQ) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Intestinal oxidative stress was induced by administration of PQ in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and mouse model. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA damage, mitochondrial function, oxidative status, and autophagy process were measured in wild-type and MyD88-deficient IECs during PQ exposure. Autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine) and activator (rapamycin) were employed to assess the role of autophagy in MyD88-deficient IECs during PQ exposure. MyD88 specific inhibitor, ST2825, was used to verify function of MyD88 during PQ exposure in mouse model. RESULTS MyD88 protein levels and apoptotic rate of IECs are increased in response to PQ exposure (P < 0.001). Intestinal deletion of MyD88 blocks PQ-induced apoptosis (~42% reduction) and DNA damage (~86% reduction), and improves mitochondrial fission (~37% reduction) and function including mitochondrial membrane potential (~23% increment) and respiratory metabolism capacity (~26% increment) (P < 0.01). Notably, there is a marked decrease in reactive oxygen species in MyD88-deficient IECs during PQ exposure (~70% reduction), which are consistent with high activity of antioxidative enzymes (~83% increment) (P < 0.001). Intestinal ablation of MyD88 inhibits mTOR signalling, and further phosphorylates p53 proteins during PQ exposure, which eventually promotes intestinal autophagy (~74% increment) (P < 0.01). Activation of autophagy (rapamycin) promotes IECs growth as compared with 3-methyladenine-treatment during PQ exposure (~173% increment), while inhibition of autophagy (3-methyladenine) exacerbates oxidative stress in MyD88-deficient IECs (P < 0.001). In mouse model, inhibition of MyD88 using specific inhibitor ST2825 followed by PQ treatment effectively ameliorates weight loss (~4% increment), decreased food intake (~92% increment), gastrocnemius and soleus loss (~24% and ~20% increment, respectively), and intestinal oxidative stress in an autophagy dependent manner (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS MyD88 modulates intestinal oxidative stress in an autophagy-dependent mechanism, which suggests that reducing MyD88 level may constitute a putative therapeutic target for intestinal oxidative injury-induced weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Qi
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Simeng Liao
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuankun Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Andong Zha
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yirui Shao
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijuan Cui
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tongxing Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yulong Tang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bie Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Hudhud L, Chisholm DR, Whiting A, Steib A, Pohóczky K, Kecskés A, Szőke É, Helyes Z. Synthetic Diphenylacetylene-Based Retinoids Induce DNA Damage in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells without Altering Viability. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030977. [PMID: 35164242 PMCID: PMC8840491 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), the active metabolite of vitamin A, plays a pivotal role in cell differentiation, proliferation and embryonic development. It is an effective therapy for dermatological disorders and malignancies. ATRA is prone to isomerization and oxidation, which can affect its activity and selectivity. Novel diphenylacetylene-based ATRA analogues with increased stability can help to overcome these problems and may offer significant potential as therapeutics for a variety of cancers and neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Here, we investigated the effects of these retinoids on cell viability and genotoxicity in the widely used model system of the rapidly proliferating Chinese hamster ovary cell line. DC360 is a fluorescent ATRA analogue and DC324 is a non-active derivative of DC360. EC23, DC525, DC540, DC645, and DC712 are promising analogues with increased bioactivity. The cytotoxic activity of the compounds was evaluated by ATP assay and DNA damage was tested by comet assay. No cytotoxicity was observed in the 10−6–10−5 M concentration range. All compounds induced DNA migration similar to ATRA, but DC324, DC360 and EC23 did so to a greater extent, particularly at higher concentrations. We believe that retinoid receptor-independent genotoxicity is a general characteristic of these compounds; however, further studies are needed to identify the molecular mechanisms and understand their complex biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Hudhud
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (L.H.); (A.S.); (K.P.); (A.K.); (É.S.)
| | - David R. Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; (D.R.C.); (A.W.)
| | - Andrew Whiting
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; (D.R.C.); (A.W.)
| | - Anita Steib
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (L.H.); (A.S.); (K.P.); (A.K.); (É.S.)
| | - Krisztina Pohóczky
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (L.H.); (A.S.); (K.P.); (A.K.); (É.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Angéla Kecskés
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (L.H.); (A.S.); (K.P.); (A.K.); (É.S.)
| | - Éva Szőke
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (L.H.); (A.S.); (K.P.); (A.K.); (É.S.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (L.H.); (A.S.); (K.P.); (A.K.); (É.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-72536000 (ext. 35591) or +36-204501639
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Pennisi R, Musarra-Pizzo M, Velletri T, Mazzaglia A, Neri G, Scala A, Piperno A, Sciortino MT. Cancer-Related Intracellular Signalling Pathways Activated by DOXorubicin/Cyclodextrin-Graphene-Based Nanomaterials. Biomolecules 2022; 12:63. [PMID: 35053211 PMCID: PMC8773469 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, nanotechnological progress has generated new opportunities to improve the safety and efficacy of conventional anticancer therapies. Compared with other carriers, graphene nanoplatforms possess numerous tunable functionalities for the loading of multiple bioactive compounds, although their biocompatibility is still a debated concern. Recently, we have investigated the modulation of genes involved in cancer-associated canonical pathways induced by graphene engineered with cyclodextrins (GCD). Here, we investigated the GCD impact on cells safety, the HEp-2 responsiveness to Doxorubicin (DOX) and the cancer-related intracellular signalling pathways modulated by over time exposure to DOX loaded on GCD (GCD@DOX). Our studies evidenced that both DOX and GCD@DOX induced p53 and p21 signalling resulting in G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. A genotoxic behaviour of DOX was reported via detection of CDK (T14/Y15) activation and reduction of Wee-1 expression. Similarly, we found a cleavage of PARP by DOX within 72 h of exposure. Conversely, GCD@DOX induced a late cleavage of PARP, which could be indicative of less toxic effect due to controlled release of the drug from the GCD nanocarrier. Finally, the induction of the autophagy process supports the potential recycling of DOX with the consequent limitation of its toxic effects. Together, these findings demonstrate that GCD@DOX is a biocompatible drug delivery system able to evade chemoresistance and doxorubicin toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamaria Pennisi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.M.-P.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Maria Musarra-Pizzo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.M.-P.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Tania Velletri
- IFOM-Cogentech Società Benefit srl; via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy;
| | - Antonino Mazzaglia
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISMN-CNR), V.le F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giulia Neri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.M.-P.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Angela Scala
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.M.-P.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Piperno
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.M.-P.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Maria Teresa Sciortino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.M.-P.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.P.)
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Pan G, Zhang K, Geng S, Lan C, Hu X, Li C, Ji H, Li C, Hu X, Wang Y, LV M, Cui H. PHF14 knockdown causes apoptosis by inducing DNA damage and impairing the activity of the damage response complex in colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 531:109-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Braný D, Dvorská D, Strnádel J, Matáková T, Halašová E, Škovierová H. Effect of Cold Atmospheric Plasma on Epigenetic Changes, DNA Damage, and Possibilities for Its Use in Synergistic Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212252. [PMID: 34830132 PMCID: PMC8617606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma has great potential for use in modern medicine. It has been used in the clinical treatment of skin diseases and chronic wounds, and in laboratory settings it has shown effects on selective decrease in tumour-cell viability, reduced tumour mass in animal models and stem-cell proliferation. Many researchers are currently focusing on its application to internal structures and the use of plasma-activated liquids in tolerated and effective human treatment. There has also been analysis of plasma's beneficial synergy with standard pharmaceuticals to enhance their effect. Cold atmospheric plasma triggers various responses in tumour cells, and this can result in epigenetic changes in both DNA methylation levels and histone modification. The expression and activity of non-coding RNAs with their many important cell regulatory functions can also be altered by cold atmospheric plasma action. Finally, there is ongoing debate whether plasma-produced radicals can directly affect DNA damage in the nucleus or only initiate apoptosis or other forms of cell death. This article therefore summarises accepted knowledge of cold atmospheric plasma's influence on epigenetic changes, the expression and activity of non-coding RNAs, and DNA damage and its effect in synergistic treatment with routinely used pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Braný
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (D.B.); (J.S.); (E.H.); (H.Š.)
| | - Dana Dvorská
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (D.B.); (J.S.); (E.H.); (H.Š.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ján Strnádel
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (D.B.); (J.S.); (E.H.); (H.Š.)
| | - Tatiana Matáková
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University, Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Erika Halašová
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (D.B.); (J.S.); (E.H.); (H.Š.)
| | - Henrieta Škovierová
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (D.B.); (J.S.); (E.H.); (H.Š.)
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Piccione M, Belloni Fortina A, Ferri G, Andolina G, Beretta L, Cividini A, De Marni E, Caroppo F, Citernesi U, Di Liddo R. Xeroderma Pigmentosum: General Aspects and Management. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1146. [PMID: 34834498 PMCID: PMC8624855 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) is a rare genetic syndrome with a defective DNA nucleotide excision repair. It is characterized by (i) an extreme sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV)-induced damages in the skin and eyes; (ii) high risk to develop multiple skin tumours; and (iii) neurologic alterations in the most severe form. To date, the management of XP patients consists of (i) early diagnosis; (ii) a long-life protection from ultraviolet radiation, including avoidance of unnecessary UV exposure, wearing UV blocking clothing, and use of topical sunscreens; and (iii) surgical resections of skin cancers. No curative treatment is available at present. Thus, in the last decade, in order to prevent or delay the progression of the clinical signs of XP, numerous strategies have been proposed and tested, in some cases, with adverse effects. The present review provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms featuring the development of XP and highlights both advantages and disadvantages of the clinical approaches developed throughout the years. The intention of the authors is to sensitize scientists to the crucial aspects of the pathology that could be differently targeted. In this context, the exploration of the process underlining the conception of liposomal nanocarriers is reported to focus the attention on the potentialities of liposomal technology to optimize the administration of chemoprotective agents in XP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Piccione
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Belloni Fortina
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.B.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Giulia Ferri
- I.R.A. Istituto Ricerche Applicate S.p.A., 20865 Usmate Velate, Italy; (G.F.); (G.A.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (E.D.M.); (U.C.)
| | - Gloria Andolina
- I.R.A. Istituto Ricerche Applicate S.p.A., 20865 Usmate Velate, Italy; (G.F.); (G.A.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (E.D.M.); (U.C.)
| | - Lorenzo Beretta
- I.R.A. Istituto Ricerche Applicate S.p.A., 20865 Usmate Velate, Italy; (G.F.); (G.A.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (E.D.M.); (U.C.)
| | - Andrea Cividini
- I.R.A. Istituto Ricerche Applicate S.p.A., 20865 Usmate Velate, Italy; (G.F.); (G.A.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (E.D.M.); (U.C.)
| | - Emanuele De Marni
- I.R.A. Istituto Ricerche Applicate S.p.A., 20865 Usmate Velate, Italy; (G.F.); (G.A.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (E.D.M.); (U.C.)
| | - Francesca Caroppo
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.B.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Ugo Citernesi
- I.R.A. Istituto Ricerche Applicate S.p.A., 20865 Usmate Velate, Italy; (G.F.); (G.A.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (E.D.M.); (U.C.)
| | - Rosa Di Liddo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Zhou X, Speer RM, Volk L, Hudson LG, Liu KJ. Arsenic co-carcinogenesis: Inhibition of DNA repair and interaction with zinc finger proteins. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:86-98. [PMID: 33984503 PMCID: PMC8578584 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is widely present in the environment and is associated with various population health risks including cancers. Arsenic exposure at environmentally relevant levels enhances the mutagenic effect of other carcinogens such as ultraviolet radiation. Investigation on the molecular mechanisms could inform the prevention and intervention strategies of arsenic carcinogenesis and co-carcinogenesis. Arsenic inhibition of DNA repair has been demonstrated to be an important mechanism, and certain DNA repair proteins have been identified to be extremely sensitive to arsenic exposure. This review will summarize the recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of arsenic carcinogenesis and co-carcinogenesis, including DNA damage induction and ROS generation, particularly how arsenic inhibits DNA repair through an integrated molecular mechanism which includes its interactions with sensitive zinc finger DNA repair proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Rachel M Speer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Lindsay Volk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Laurie G Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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Luckmann MR, de Melo MS, Spricigo MC, da Silva NM, Nazari EM. Pyriproxyfen exposure induces DNA damage, cell proliferation impairments and apoptosis in the brain vesicles layers of chicken embryos. Toxicology 2021; 464:152998. [PMID: 34695508 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Larvicide pyriproxyfen (PPF), used in drinking water reservoirs to control Aedes mosquitoes, has already been shown as a possible cause of congenital anomalies in the central nervous system. However, the neurotoxic effects of PPF on the development of vertebrate embryos are still underexplored. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PPF on the morphometric parameters of the head and brain, as well as on the cell layers of the forebrain and midbrain, using embryos of Gallus domesticus as a model. Two sublethal PPF concentrations (0.01 mg/L and 10 mg/L), as defined by a survival curve, were tested. Analysis of the biometry of embryos showed significant reduction in body and brain mass and also in measurements of the head and brain. A reduction in cell layer thickness of the forebrain and midbrain was observed, accompanied by a reduction in the numerical density of cells per area. Changes in brain and head sizes and in the thickness of the cell layers of the forebrain and midbrain were significant at 10 mg/L PPF. Notably, PPF caused DNA doublestrand breaks and induced apoptosis in embryos exposed to 10 mg/L, which were accompanied by a reduction in cell proliferation. Regarding neuronal and glial differentiation, no changes were observed in the number of neurons and glial cells on the analyzed layers. Furthermore, PPF did not impact the head ossification process. These findings reveal that PPF is a strong stressor for neurodevelopment, causing damage to the cell architecture of brain vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maico Roberto Luckmann
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Madson Silveira de Melo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Mirian Celene Spricigo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Norma Machado da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Evelise Maria Nazari
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Badania kopalnego DNA – możliwości i ograniczenia. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2021-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstrakt
Ostatnie cztery dekady przyniosły znaczący rozwój archeologii molekularnej i badania nad kopalnym DNA (aDNA). Nowatorskie metody uwzględniają szeroki zakres badań, począwszy od sekwencjonowania niewielkich fragmentów mitochondrialnego DNA po wielkoskalowe badania całych populacji, łączące sekwencjonowanie genomów mitochondrialnych, genów podlegających doborowi naturalnemu, jak i całych genomów jądrowych. Postęp, zwłaszcza w dziedzinie technologii sekwencjonowania DNA, umożliwił pozyskanie informacji ze szczątków paleontologicznych i materiału archeologicznego, umożliwiając zbadanie związków filogenetycznych między wymarłymi i współczesnymi gatunkami. Dzięki zastosowaniu technologii sekwencjonowania nowej generacji możliwe stało się poznanie sekwencji DNA nie tylko bezpośrednio ze szczątków ludzkich lub zwierzęcych, ale także z osadów sedymentacyjnych z głębin jezior oraz jaskiń. W artykule przedstawiono możliwości i ograniczenia występujące w badaniach nad kopalnym DNA ludzi, zwierząt czy bakterii z podkreśleniem wkładu polskich badaczy w rozwój tej dziedziny nauki.
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Singh R, Rajput M, Singh RP. Simulated microgravity triggers DNA damage and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis through ROS generation in human promyelocytic leukemic cells. Mitochondrion 2021; 61:114-124. [PMID: 34571251 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The weightlessness or microgravity, a physical factor in space, may adversely affect the health of the space travellers or astronauts. The knowledge about the effect of microgravity on human cancer cells is very limited and poorly understood. Here, we employed rotary cell culture system (RCCS) to induce simulated microgravity (SMG) and examined its effects on human promyelocytic leukemic HL-60 cells. These cells were grown in normal gravity condition (1g) for control purpose. The 72 h exposure of cells to SMG decreased cell proliferation and viability which were accompanied by the reduced expression of PCNA and phosphorylated ERK1/2 and AKT proteins. SMG increased the DNA damage as well as the expression of DNA damage sensing proteins including ATM, ATR, Chk1, Chk2 and γH2A.X. The expression of AP1, XRCC1 and APEX1 regulating BER, XPC regulating NER and MLH1 and PMS2 regulating MMR were downregulated. However, SMG increased the expression of Ku70/80, DNA-PK and Rad51, regulating NHEJ and HR. SMG induced apoptosis and increased the levels of cleaved-poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase and cleaved-caspase-3. An increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential were also observed. SMG enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation which led to the enhanced DNA damage and apoptotic cell death. Overall, SMG induced ROS, DNA damage and differential expression of DNA repair genes, and altered the overall DNA repair capacity which may activate ATM/ATR-Chk1/2 and Ku70/80 and DNA-PK-mediated apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragini Singh
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Rajput
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rana P Singh
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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Fortuna TR, Kour S, Anderson EN, Ward C, Rajasundaram D, Donnelly CJ, Hermann A, Wyne H, Shewmaker F, Pandey UB. DDX17 is involved in DNA damage repair and modifies FUS toxicity in an RGG-domain dependent manner. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 142:515-536. [PMID: 34061233 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the RNA binding protein, Fused in Sarcoma (FUS), lead to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the most frequent form of motor neuron disease. Cytoplasmic aggregation and defective DNA repair machinery are etiologically linked to mutant FUS-associated ALS. Although FUS is involved in numerous aspects of RNA processing, little is understood about the pathophysiological mechanisms of mutant FUS. Here, we employed RNA-sequencing technology in Drosophila brains expressing FUS to identify significantly altered genes and pathways involved in FUS-mediated neurodegeneration. We observed the expression levels of DEAD-Box Helicase 17 (DDX17) to be significantly downregulated in response to mutant FUS in Drosophila and human cell lines. Mutant FUS recruits nuclear DDX17 into cytoplasmic stress granules and physically interacts with DDX17 through the RGG1 domain of FUS. Ectopic expression of DDX17 reduces cytoplasmic mislocalization and sequestration of mutant FUS into cytoplasmic stress granules. We identified DDX17 as a novel regulator of the DNA damage response pathway whose upregulation repairs defective DNA damage repair machinery caused by mutant neuronal FUS ALS. In addition, we show DDX17 is a novel modifier of FUS-mediated neurodegeneration in vivo. Our findings indicate DDX17 is downregulated in response to mutant FUS, and restoration of DDX17 levels suppresses FUS-mediated neuropathogenesis and toxicity in vivo.
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Yang JL, Yang MD, Chen JC, Lu KW, Huang YP, Peng SF, Chueh FS, Liu KC, Lin TS, Chen PY, Chen WJ. Ouabain Induces DNA Damage in Human Osteosarcoma U-2 OS Cells and Alters the Expression of DNA Damage and DNA Repair-associated Proteins. In Vivo 2021; 35:2687-2696. [PMID: 34410957 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Ouabain, isolated from natural plants, exhibits anticancer activities; however, no report has presented its mechanism of DNA damage induction in human osteosarcoma cancer cells in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ouabain induces DNA damage and repair, accompanied with molecular pathways in human osteosarcoma cancer U-2 OS cells in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The percentage of viable cell number was measured by flow cytometric assay; DNA damage was assayed by DAPI staining, comet assay, and agarose gel electrophoresis. DNA damage and repair associated protein expressions were assayed by western blotting assays. RESULTS Ouabain reduced total cell viability, induced chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and DNA damage in U-2 OS cells. Ouabain increased p-ATMSer1981, p-ATRSer428, and p53 at 2.5-10 μM, increased p-p53Ser15 at 10 μM; however, it decreased p-MDM2Ser166 at 2.5-10 μM. Ouabain increased p-H2A.XSer139, MDC-1, and PARP at 2.5-10 μM and BRCA1 at 5-10 μM; however, it decreased DNA-PK and MGMT at 2.5-10 μM in U-2 OS cells at 48 h treatment. Ouabain promoted expression and nuclear translocation of p-H2A.XSer139 in U-2 OS cells and this was confirmed by confocal laser microscopy. CONCLUSION Ouabain reduced total viable cell number through triggering DNA damage and altering the protein expression of DNA damage and repair system in U-2 OS cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Long Yang
- Department of Nursing, Saint Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mei-Due Yang
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jaw-Chyun Chen
- Department of Medicinal Botany and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kung-Wen Lu
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuo-Ching Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzu-Shun Lin
- Department of Nursing, Saint Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Pharmacy, Saint Mary's Hospital Luodong, Yilan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Po-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.;
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Chang Bing Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C.; .,Department of Orthopedics, Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Shah RB, Kernan JL, van Hoogstraten A, Ando K, Li Y, Belcher AL, Mininger I, Bussenault AM, Raman R, Ramanagoudr-Bhojappa R, Huang TT, D'Andrea AD, Chandrasekharappa SC, Aggarwal AK, Thompson R, Sidi S. FANCI functions as a repair/apoptosis switch in response to DNA crosslinks. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2207-2222.e7. [PMID: 34256011 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cells counter DNA damage through repair or apoptosis, yet a direct mechanism for this choice has remained elusive. When facing interstrand crosslinks (ICLs), the ICL-repair protein FANCI heterodimerizes with FANCD2 to initiate ICL excision. We found that FANCI alternatively interacts with a pro-apoptotic factor, PIDD1, to enable PIDDosome (PIDD1-RAIDD-caspase-2) formation and apoptotic death. FANCI switches from FANCD2/repair to PIDD1/apoptosis signaling in the event of ICL-repair failure. Specifically, removing key endonucleases downstream of FANCI/FANCD2, increasing ICL levels, or allowing damaged cells into mitosis (when repair is suppressed) all suffice for switching. Reciprocally, apoptosis-committed FANCI reverts from PIDD1 to FANCD2 after a failed attempt to assemble the PIDDosome. Monoubiquitination and deubiquitination at FANCI K523 impact interactor selection. These data unveil a repair-or-apoptosis switch in eukaryotes. Beyond ensuring the removal of unrepaired genomes, the switch's bidirectionality reveals that damaged cells can offset apoptotic defects via de novo attempts at lesion repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa B Shah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer L Kernan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anya van Hoogstraten
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kiyohiro Ando
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alicia L Belcher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ivy Mininger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrei M Bussenault
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Renuka Raman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ramanagouda Ramanagoudr-Bhojappa
- Cancer Genomics Unit, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tony T Huang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan D D'Andrea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Settara C Chandrasekharappa
- Cancer Genomics Unit, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aneel K Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth Thompson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Samuel Sidi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Ke CC, Li JJ, Wu HP, Kuo WW, Chen YA, Lu CH, Wang HE, Hsu SM, Hsieh YJ, Liu RS. Enhancement of IUdR Radiosensitization in Cancer Therapy by Low-Energy Transmission X Ray Irradiation. J Med Biol Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-021-00616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Liu B, Zeng Q, Chen H, Liao J, Bai Y, Han Q, Qiao N, Wang S, Mehmood K, Hussain R, Ahmed BZ, Tang Z, Zhang H, Li Y. The hepatotoxicity of altrazine exposure in mice involves the intestinal microbiota. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129572. [PMID: 33485040 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATR), a bio accumulative herbicide is frequently used in agriculture to control unwanted weeds. Due to continuous application, atrazine persists in the environment and causes deleterious impacts including neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and gut microbiota disorders. Therefore, this study for the first time reports the variation in the gut microbiota, induction of process of apoptosis and autophagy in mice induced by ATR. Results indicated that TUNEL-positive hepatocytes suggestive of apoptosis were increased in livers of different experimental mice. Results on metabolic analysis in liver tissues indicated an overall change in seventy-six metabolites particularly Uridine 5'-diphosphate, Propenoylcarnitine and Chinenoside V resulting in generation of energy-related metabolic disorders and imbalance of oxidation/autoxidation status. Results on gut microbiome inquisition showed that ATR changed the richness and diversity of gut microbiota of mice and number of Firmicutes. Moreover, results also revealed that ATR induced apoptosis via disruption of apoptotic (Bax, Bcl2, and Casp3) and autophagy (LC3/Map1lc3a, Beclin 1/Becn1 and P62/Sqstm1) genes. Results of our experimental study confirmed that changes in gut microbiota play a significant role in process of gut immune regulation and inflammation via different metabolites. In conclusion, the findings of our study provide a new idea for the involvement of mechanisms of detoxification in liver and inquisition of gut microbiota plays crucial role in regulation of physiological activities through liver-gut axis to mitigate toxic effects in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxian Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiwen Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hanming Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianzhao Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuman Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qingyue Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Na Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shuzhou Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Bhutto Zohaib Ahmed
- Labela University of Agriculture, Water, and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Minina EA, Dauphinee AN, Ballhaus F, Gogvadze V, Smertenko AP, Bozhkov PV. Apoptosis is not conserved in plants as revealed by critical examination of a model for plant apoptosis-like cell death. BMC Biol 2021; 19:100. [PMID: 33980238 PMCID: PMC8117276 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01018-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animals and plants diverged over one billion years ago and evolved unique mechanisms for many cellular processes, including cell death. One of the most well-studied cell death programmes in animals, apoptosis, involves gradual cell dismantling and engulfment of cellular fragments, apoptotic bodies, through phagocytosis. However, rigid cell walls prevent plant cell fragmentation and thus apoptosis is not applicable for executing cell death in plants. Furthermore, plants are devoid of the key components of apoptotic machinery, including phagocytosis as well as caspases and Bcl-2 family proteins. Nevertheless, the concept of plant "apoptosis-like programmed cell death" (AL-PCD) is widespread. This is largely due to superficial morphological resemblances between plant cell death and apoptosis, and in particular between protoplast shrinkage in plant cells killed by various stimuli and animal cell volume decrease preceding fragmentation into apoptotic bodies. RESULTS Here, we provide a comprehensive spatio-temporal analysis of cytological and biochemical events occurring in plant cells subjected to heat shock at 40-55 °C and 85 °C, the experimental conditions typically used to trigger AL-PCD and necrotic cell death, respectively. We show that cell death under both conditions was not accompanied by membrane blebbing or formation of apoptotic bodies, as would be expected during apoptosis. Instead, we observed instant and irreversible permeabilization of the plasma membrane and ATP depletion. These processes did not depend on mitochondrial functionality or the presence of Ca2+ and could not be prevented by an inhibitor of ferroptosis. We further reveal that the lack of protoplast shrinkage at 85 °C, the only striking morphological difference between cell deaths induced by 40-55 °C or 85 °C heat shock, is a consequence of the fixative effect of the high temperature on intracellular contents. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that heat shock-induced cell death is an energy-independent process best matching definition of necrosis. Although the initial steps of this necrotic cell death could be genetically regulated, classifying it as apoptosis or AL-PCD is a terminological misnomer. Our work supports the viewpoint that apoptosis is not conserved across animal and plant kingdoms and demonstrates the importance of focusing on plant-specific aspects of cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Minina
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, P.O. Box 7015, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
- COS, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Adrian N Dauphinee
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, P.O. Box 7015, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Florentine Ballhaus
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, P.O. Box 7015, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Gogvadze
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei P Smertenko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, College of Human, Agricultural, and Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Peter V Bozhkov
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, P.O. Box 7015, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
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de Castro E Gloria H, Jesuíno Nogueira L, Bencke Grudzinski P, da Costa Ghignatti PV, Guecheva TN, Motta Leguisamo N, Saffi J. Olaparib-mediated enhancement of 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity in mismatch repair deficient colorectal cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:448. [PMID: 33888065 PMCID: PMC8063290 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The advances in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment include the identification of deficiencies in Mismatch Repair (MMR) pathway to predict the benefit of adjuvant 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin for stage II CRC and immunotherapy. Defective MMR contributes to chemoresistance in CRC. A growing body of evidence supports the role of Poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, such as Olaparib, in the treatment of different subsets of cancer beyond the tumors with homologous recombination deficiencies. In this work we evaluated the effect of Olaparib on 5-FU cytotoxicity in MMR-deficient and proficient CRC cells and the mechanisms involved. Methods Human colon cancer cell lines, proficient (HT29) and deficient (HCT116) in MMR, were treated with 5-FU and Olaparib. Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT and clonogenic assays, apoptosis induction and cell cycle progression by flow cytometry, DNA damage by comet assay. Adhesion and transwell migration assays were also performed. Results Our results showed enhancement of the 5-FU citotoxicity by Olaparib in MMR-deficient HCT116 colon cancer cells. Moreover, the combined treatment with Olaparib and 5-FU induced G2/M arrest, apoptosis and polyploidy in these cells. In MMR proficient HT29 cells, the Olaparib alone reduced clonogenic survival, induced DNA damage accumulation and decreased the adhesion and migration capacities. Conclusion Our results suggest benefits of Olaparib inclusion in CRC treatment, as combination with 5-FU for MMR deficient CRC and as monotherapy for MMR proficient CRC. Thus, combined therapy with Olaparib could be a strategy to overcome 5-FU chemotherapeutic resistance in MMR-deficient CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena de Castro E Gloria
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Sarmento Leite st 245, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura Jesuíno Nogueira
- Cardiology Institute of Rio Grande do Sul/ University Foundation of Cardiology (ICFUC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Bencke Grudzinski
- Cardiology Institute of Rio Grande do Sul/ University Foundation of Cardiology (ICFUC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Temenouga Nikolova Guecheva
- Cardiology Institute of Rio Grande do Sul/ University Foundation of Cardiology (ICFUC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Natalia Motta Leguisamo
- Cardiology Institute of Rio Grande do Sul/ University Foundation of Cardiology (ICFUC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jenifer Saffi
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Sarmento Leite st 245, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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