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Somagattu P, Chinnannan K, Yammanuru H, Reddy UK, Nimmakayala P. Selenium dynamics in plants: Uptake, transport, toxicity, and sustainable management strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175033. [PMID: 39059668 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) plays crucial roles in human, animal, and plant physiology, but its varied plant functions remain complex and not fully understood. While Se deficiency affects over a billion people worldwide, excessive Se levels can be toxic, presenting substantial risks to ecosystem health and public safety. The delicate balance between Se's beneficial and harmful effects necessitates a deeper understanding of its speciation dynamics and how different organisms within ecosystems respond to Se. Since humans primarily consume Se through Se-rich foods, exploring Se's behavior, uptake, and transport within agroecosystems is critical to creating effective management strategies. Traditional physicochemical methods for Se remediation are often expensive and potentially harmful to the environment, pushing the need for more sustainable solutions. In recent years, phytotechnologies have gained traction as a promising approach to Se management by harnessing plants' natural abilities to absorb, accumulate, metabolize, and volatilize Se. These strategies range from boosting Se uptake and tolerance in plants to releasing Se as less toxic volatile compounds or utilizing it as a biofortified supplement, opening up diverse possibilities for managing Se, offering sustainable pathways to improve crop nutritional quality, and protecting human health in different environmental contexts. However, closing the gaps in our understanding of Se dynamics within agricultural systems calls for a united front of interdisciplinary collaboration from biology to environmental science, agriculture, and public health, which has a crucial role to play. Phytotechnologies offer a sustainable bridge between Se deficiency and toxicity, but further research is needed to optimize these methods and explore their potential in various agricultural and environmental settings. By shedding light on Se's multifaceted roles and refining management strategies, this review contributes to developing cost-effective and eco-friendly approaches for Se management in agroecosystems. It aims to lead the way toward a healthier and more sustainable future by balancing the need to address Se deficiency and mitigate the risks of Se toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapooja Somagattu
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA
| | - Karthik Chinnannan
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA
| | - Hyndavi Yammanuru
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA
| | - Umesh K Reddy
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA
| | - Padma Nimmakayala
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA.
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2
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Sunic K, Spanic V. Genetic Biofortification of Winter Wheat with Selenium (Se). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1816. [PMID: 38999656 PMCID: PMC11244473 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Wheat is one of the three most important cereals in the world, along with rice and maize. It serves as the primary food and source of energy for about 30-40% of the world's population. However, the low levels of micronutrients in wheat grains can lead to deficiencies of those micronutrients in people whose dietary habits are mostly based on cereals such as wheat. Apart from iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), a lack of selenium (Se) is also one of the biggest problems in the world. The essentiality of Se has been confirmed for all animals and humans, and the lack of this micronutrient can cause serious health issues. Wheat dominates the world's cereal production, so it is one of the best plants for biofortification. Due to the fact that agronomic biofortification is not an economical or environmentally acceptable approach, genetic improvement of cereals such as wheat for the enhanced content of micronutrients in the grain represents the most efficient biofortification approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Spanic
- Department for Cereal Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno Predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
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3
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Lee SH, Lim YJ, Kim C, Kim YE, Cho H. Studies on the selective synthesis of diorganyl diselenides using potassium hydroxide and mechanistic investigations of the reaction pathway. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4309-4317. [PMID: 38717394 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00437j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Methods of selectively synthesizing diorganyl diselenides (R-Se-Se-R) without using harmful reducing agents are presented. We optimized the reaction conditions for the selective formation of the diselenide dianion (Se22-) and the corresponding diorganyl diselenides using basic reagents (e.g., KOH), while suppressing the formation of side products, such as diorganyl selenides (R-Se-R) or multiselenides (R-Sen-R; n ≥ 3). Furthermore, we have suggested and examined the reaction pathways responsible for the formation of the desired diorganyl diselenides 1 and side products 2 and 3. Consequently, the selective synthesis of diverse diorganyl diselenides was achieved with modest to excellent yields (33-99%) using various organyl halides under optimized conditions. The results provide a practical and efficient synthetic method for diorganyl diselenides as a representative class of organoselenium compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyup Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, 33, Samyangro 144-gil, Dobong-gu, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoo Jin Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, 33, Samyangro 144-gil, Dobong-gu, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chorong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, 33, Samyangro 144-gil, Dobong-gu, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ye Eun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, 33, Samyangro 144-gil, Dobong-gu, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunsung Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, 33, Samyangro 144-gil, Dobong-gu, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea.
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Morán-Serradilla C, Plano D, Sanmartín C, Sharma AK. Selenization of Small Molecule Drugs: A New Player on the Board. J Med Chem 2024; 67:7759-7787. [PMID: 38716896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop safer and more effective modalities for the treatment of a wide range of pathologies due to the increasing rates of drug resistance, undesired side effects, poor clinical outcomes, etc. Throughout the years, selenium (Se) has attracted a great deal of attention due to its important role in human health. Besides, a growing body of work has unveiled that the inclusion of Se motifs into a great number of molecules is a promising strategy for obtaining novel therapeutic agents. In the current Perspective, we have gathered the most recent literature related to the incorporation of different Se moieties into the scaffolds of a wide range of known drugs and their feasible pharmaceutical applications. In addition, we highlight different representative examples as well as provide our perspective on Se drugs and the possible future directions, promises, opportunities, and challenges of this ground-breaking area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Plano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, Pamplona E-31008, Spain
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, Pamplona E-31008, Spain
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
- Penn State Cancer Institute, 400 University Drive,Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
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Dauplais M, Romero S, Lazard M. Exposure to Selenomethionine and Selenocystine Induces Redox-Mediated ER Stress in Normal Breast Epithelial MCF-10A Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04244-y. [PMID: 38777874 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element co-translationally incorporated into selenoproteins with important biological functions. Health benefits have long been associated with selenium supplementation. However, cytotoxicity is observed upon excessive selenium intake. The aim of this study is to investigate the metabolic pathways underlying the response to the selenium-containing amino acids selenomethionine and selenocysteine in a normal human breast epithelial cell model. We show that both selenomethionine and selenocystine inhibit the proliferation of non-cancerous MCF-10A cells in the same concentration range as cancerous MCF-7 and Hela cells, which results in apoptotic cell death. Selenocystine exposure in MCF-10A cells caused a severe depletion of free low molecular weight thiols, which might explain the observed upregulation of the expression of the oxidative stress pathway transcription factor NRF2. Both selenomethionine and selenocystine induced the expression of target genes of the unfolded protein response (GRP78, ATF4, CHOP). Using a redox-sensitive fluorescent probe targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), we show that both selenoamino acids shifted the ER redox balance towards an even more oxidizing environment. These results suggest that alteration of the redox state of the ER may disrupt protein folding and cause ER stress-induced apoptosis in MCF-10A cells exposed to selenoamino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Dauplais
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de La Cellule, BIOC, École Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7654, IP, Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Stephane Romero
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de La Cellule, BIOC, École Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7654, IP, Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Myriam Lazard
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de La Cellule, BIOC, École Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7654, IP, Paris, Palaiseau, France.
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Angelone T, Rocca C, Lionetti V, Penna C, Pagliaro P. Expanding the Frontiers of Guardian Antioxidant Selenoproteins in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:369-432. [PMID: 38299513 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Significance: Physiological levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) function as fundamental messengers for many cellular and developmental processes in the cardiovascular system. ROS/RNS involved in cardiac redox-signaling originate from diverse sources, and their levels are tightly controlled by key endogenous antioxidant systems that counteract their accumulation. However, dysregulated redox-stress resulting from inefficient removal of ROS/RNS leads to inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death, contributing to the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent Advances: Basic and clinical studies demonstrate the critical role of selenium (Se) and selenoproteins (unique proteins that incorporate Se into their active site in the form of the 21st proteinogenic amino acid selenocysteine [Sec]), including glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase, in cardiovascular redox homeostasis, representing a first-line enzymatic antioxidant defense of the heart. Increasing attention has been paid to emerging selenoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (i.e., a multifunctional intracellular organelle whose disruption triggers cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to multiple CVD), which are crucially involved in redox balance, antioxidant activity, and calcium and ER homeostasis. Critical Issues: This review focuses on endogenous antioxidant strategies with therapeutic potential, particularly selenoproteins, which are very promising but deserve more detailed and clinical studies. Future Directions: The importance of selective selenoproteins in embryonic development and the consequences of their mutations and inborn errors highlight the need to improve knowledge of their biological function in myocardial redox signaling. This could facilitate the development of personalized approaches for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CVD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 369-432.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Angelone
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmine Rocca
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Unit of Translational Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center "Health Science," Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- UOSVD Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Fondazione Toscana "Gabriele Monasterio," Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Penna
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
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Popović AV, Čamagajevac IŠ, Vuković R, Matić M, Velki M, Gupta DK, Galić V, Lončarić Z. Biochemical and molecular responses of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in wheat seedlings exposed to different forms of selenium. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108460. [PMID: 38447422 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Biofortification aims to increase selenium (Se) concentration and bioavailability in edible parts of crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), resulting in increased concentration of Se in plants and/or soil. Higher Se concentrations can disturb protein structure and consequently influence glutathione (GSH) metabolism in plants which can affect antioxidative and other detoxification pathways. The aim of this study was to elucidate the impact of five different concentrations of selenate and selenite (0.4, 4, 20, 40 and 400 mg kg-1) on the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in wheat shoots and roots and to determine biochemical and molecular tissue-specific responses. Content of investigated metabolites, activities of detoxification enzymes and expression of their genes depended both on the chemical form and concentration of the applied Se, as well as on the type of plant tissue. The most pronounced changes in the expression level of genes involved in GSH metabolism were visible in wheat shoots at the highest concentrations of both forms of Se. Obtained results can serve as a basis for further research on Se toxicity and detoxification mechanisms in wheat. New insights into the Se impact on GSH metabolism could contribute to the further development of biofortification strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vuković Popović
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Rosemary Vuković
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Magdalena Matić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mirna Velki
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dharmendra K Gupta
- Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, 110003, New Delhi, India
| | - Vlatko Galić
- Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zdenko Lončarić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
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Müller E, von Gunten U, Tolu J, Bouchet S, Winkel LHE. Reactions of hypobromous acid with dimethyl selenide, dimethyl diselenide and other organic selenium compounds: kinetics and product formation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE : WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 10:620-630. [PMID: 38434173 PMCID: PMC10905664 DOI: 10.1039/d3ew00787a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for many living organisms particularly due to its unique redox properties. We recently found that the sulfur (S) analog for dimethyl selenide (DMSe), i.e. dimethyl sulfide (DMS), reacts fast with the marine oxidant hypobromous acid (HOBr) which likely serves as a sink of marine DMS. Here we investigated the reactivity of HOBr with dimethyl selenide and dimethyl diselenide (DMDSe), which are the main volatile Se compounds biogenically produced in marine waters. In addition, the reactivity of HOBr with further organic Se compounds was tested, i.e., SeMet (as N-acetylated-SeMet), and selenocystine (SeCys2 as N-acetylated-SeCys2), as well as the phenyl-analogs of DMSe and DMDSe, respectively, diphenyl selenide (DPSe) and diphenyl diselenide (DPDSe). Apparent second-order rate constants at pH 8 for the reactions of HOBr with the studied Se compounds were (7.1 ± 0.7) × 107 M-1 s-1 for DMSe, (4.3 ± 0.4) × 107 M-1 s-1 for DMDSe, (2.8 ± 0.3) × 108 M-1 s-1 for SeMet, (3.8 ± 0.2) × 107 M-1 s-1 for SeCys2, (3.5 ± 0.1) × 107 M-1 s-1 for DPSe, and (8.0 ± 0.4) × 106 M-1 s-1 for DPDSe, indicating a very high reactivity of all selected Se compounds with HOBr. The reactivity between HOBr and DMSe is lower than for DMS and therefore this reaction is likely not relevant for marine DMSe abatement. However, the high reactivity of SeMet with HOBr suggests that SeMet may act as a relevant quencher of HOBr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Müller
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water (W+T), Eawag Ueberlandstrasse 133 CH-8600 Duebendorf Switzerland +41 58 765 5601
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), Department of Environment Systems (D-USYS), ETH Zurich Universitätsstrasse 16 8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Urs von Gunten
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water (W+T), Eawag Ueberlandstrasse 133 CH-8600 Duebendorf Switzerland +41 58 765 5601
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), Department of Environment Systems (D-USYS), ETH Zurich Universitätsstrasse 16 8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Julie Tolu
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water (W+T), Eawag Ueberlandstrasse 133 CH-8600 Duebendorf Switzerland +41 58 765 5601
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), Department of Environment Systems (D-USYS), ETH Zurich Universitätsstrasse 16 8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Bouchet
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water (W+T), Eawag Ueberlandstrasse 133 CH-8600 Duebendorf Switzerland +41 58 765 5601
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), Department of Environment Systems (D-USYS), ETH Zurich Universitätsstrasse 16 8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Lenny H E Winkel
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water (W+T), Eawag Ueberlandstrasse 133 CH-8600 Duebendorf Switzerland +41 58 765 5601
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), Department of Environment Systems (D-USYS), ETH Zurich Universitätsstrasse 16 8092 Zürich Switzerland
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Lin W, Chen H, Chen X, Guo C. The Roles of Neutrophil-Derived Myeloperoxidase (MPO) in Diseases: The New Progress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:132. [PMID: 38275657 PMCID: PMC10812636 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme-containing peroxidase, mainly expressed in neutrophils and, to a lesser extent, in monocytes. MPO is known to have a broad bactericidal ability via catalyzing the reaction of Cl- with H2O2 to produce a strong oxidant, hypochlorous acid (HOCl). However, the overproduction of MPO-derived oxidants has drawn attention to its detrimental role, especially in diseases characterized by acute or chronic inflammation. Broadly speaking, MPO and its derived oxidants are involved in the pathological processes of diseases mainly through the oxidation of biomolecules, which promotes inflammation and oxidative stress. Meanwhile, some researchers found that MPO deficiency or using MPO inhibitors could attenuate inflammation and tissue injuries. Taken together, MPO might be a promising target for both prognostic and therapeutic interventions. Therefore, understanding the role of MPO in the progress of various diseases is of great value. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the diverse roles of MPO in the progression of several diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, renal diseases, and lung diseases (including COVID-19). This information serves as a valuable reference for subsequent mechanistic research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Huili Chen
- Center of System Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Xijing Chen
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Chaorui Guo
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China;
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Maia LB, Maiti BK, Moura I, Moura JJG. Selenium-More than Just a Fortuitous Sulfur Substitute in Redox Biology. Molecules 2023; 29:120. [PMID: 38202704 PMCID: PMC10779653 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Living organisms use selenium mainly in the form of selenocysteine in the active site of oxidoreductases. Here, selenium's unique chemistry is believed to modulate the reaction mechanism and enhance the catalytic efficiency of specific enzymes in ways not achievable with a sulfur-containing cysteine. However, despite the fact that selenium/sulfur have different physicochemical properties, several selenoproteins have fully functional cysteine-containing homologues and some organisms do not use selenocysteine at all. In this review, selected selenocysteine-containing proteins will be discussed to showcase both situations: (i) selenium as an obligatory element for the protein's physiological function, and (ii) selenium presenting no clear advantage over sulfur (functional proteins with either selenium or sulfur). Selenium's physiological roles in antioxidant defence (to maintain cellular redox status/hinder oxidative stress), hormone metabolism, DNA synthesis, and repair (maintain genetic stability) will be also highlighted, as well as selenium's role in human health. Formate dehydrogenases, hydrogenases, glutathione peroxidases, thioredoxin reductases, and iodothyronine deiodinases will be herein featured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa B. Maia
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology | NOVA FCT, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (I.M.); (J.J.G.M.)
| | - Biplab K. Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Cluster University of Jammu, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Isabel Moura
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology | NOVA FCT, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (I.M.); (J.J.G.M.)
| | - José J. G. Moura
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology | NOVA FCT, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (I.M.); (J.J.G.M.)
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11
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Flowers B, Bochnacka O, Poles A, Diamond AM, Kastrati I. Distinct Roles of SELENOF in Different Human Cancers. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030486. [PMID: 36979420 PMCID: PMC10046285 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SELENOF, previously known as SEP15, is a selenoprotein that contains selenium in the form of the amino acid selenocysteine. Like other selenoproteins, the role for SELENOF in carcinogenesis has been investigated due to its altered expression compared to the corresponding normal tissue, its molecular function, and the association of genetic variations in the SELENOF gene to cancer risk or outcome. This review summarizes SELENOF’s discovery, structure, cellular localization, and expression. SELENOF belongs to a new family of thioredoxin-like proteins. Published data summarized here indicate a likely role for SELENOF in redox protein quality control, and in the regulation of lipids, glucose, and energy metabolism. Current evidence indicates that loss of SELENOF contributes to the development of prostate and breast cancer, while its loss may be protective against colon cancer. Additional investigation into SELENOF’s molecular mechanisms and its impact on cancer is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna Flowers
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Oliwia Bochnacka
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Allison Poles
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Alan M. Diamond
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Irida Kastrati
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-708-327-3250
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12
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Robinson PJ, Pringle MA, Fleming B, Bulleid NJ. Distinct role of ERp57 and ERdj5 as a disulfide isomerase and reductase during ER protein folding. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:286707. [PMID: 36655611 PMCID: PMC10022741 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins entering the secretory pathway need to attain native disulfide pairings to fold correctly. For proteins with complex disulfides, this process requires the reduction and isomerisation of non-native disulfides. Two key members of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family, ERp57 and ERdj5 (also known as PDIA3 and DNAJC10, respectively), are thought to be required for correct disulfide formation but it is unknown whether they act as a reductase, an isomerase or both. In addition, it is unclear how reducing equivalents are channelled through PDI family members to substrate proteins. Here, we show that neither enzyme is required for disulfide formation, but ERp57 is required for isomerisation of non-native disulfides within glycoproteins. In addition, alternative PDIs compensate for the absence of ERp57 to isomerise glycoprotein disulfides, but only in the presence of a robust reductive pathway. ERdj5 is required for this alternative pathway to function efficiently indicating its role as a reductase. Our results define the essential cellular functions of two PDIs, highlighting a distinction between formation, reduction and isomerisation of disulfide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip John Robinson
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Marie Anne Pringle
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Bethany Fleming
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Neil John Bulleid
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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13
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Liu J, Xu Y, Lu H, Wang R, Xia Z, Zhao C, Huang D, Jiang F, Chen W. Nanoaggregates of Disulfide-Decorated TrxR Inhibitor Promote Cellular Uptake, Selective Targeting, and Antitumor Efficacy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:13955-13962. [PMID: 36377412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Three self-assembled nanoaggregates (CPUL1-LA NAs, CPUL1-DA NAs, and CPUL1-AA NAs) were constructed through lipoic acid (LA), dithiodipropionic acid (DA), and adipic acid (AA) decorated TrxR inhibitor (CPUL1), respectively. Measurements of DLS, TEM, UV-vis, fluorescence, 1H NMR, ITC, and MTT assays verified disulfide-containing CPUL1-LA NAs and CPUL1-DA NAs spontaneously assembled carrier-free nanoparticles in aqueous solution, which possessed high drug contents, excellent stability, improved cytotoxicity against HUH7 hepatoma cells, and potential biosafety because of low cytotoxicity against L02 normal cells. In contrast, disulfide-free CPUL1-AA NAs happened to aggregate and precipitate after 48 h, which showed distinct instability in aqueous solution. Thus, disulfide units seemed to be crucial for constructing controllable and stable nanoaggregates. While measuring the reduction of nanoaggregates by TrxR/NADPH and GSH/GR/NADPH, cyclic disulfide of LA and linear disulfide of DA were verified to endow the nanoaggregates with targeting ability to respond specifically to TrxR over GSH. Furthermore, by tests of flow cytometry, fluorescence images, and CLSM, both CPUL1-LA NAs and CPUL1-DA NAs displayed a faster cellular uptake characteristic to be internalized by cancer cells and could generate more abundant ROS to induce cell apoptosis than that of free CPUL1, resulting in significantly improved antitumor efficacy against HUH7 cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Youqiao Xu
- Department of Infection Control, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
| | - Haojie Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Zhuolu Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Changshun Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Dechun Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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14
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Expressing recombinant selenoproteins using redefinition of a single UAG codon in an RF1-depleted E. coli host strain. Methods Enzymol 2022; 662:95-118. [PMID: 35101220 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Selenoproteins containing the rare amino acid selenocysteine (Sec), typically being enzymes utilizing the selenium atom of Sec for promoted catalysis of redox reactions, are challenging to obtain at high amounts in pure form. The technical challenges limiting selenoprotein supply derive from intricacies in their translation, necessitating the recoding of a UGA stop codon to a sense codon for Sec. This, in turn, involves the interactions of a Sec-dedicated elongation factor, either directly or indirectly, with a structure in the selenoprotein-encoding mRNA called a SECIS element (Selenocysteine Insertion Sequence), a dedicated tRNA species for Sec with an anticodon for the UGA, and several accessory enzymes and proteins involved in the selenoprotein synthesis. Here, we describe an alternative method for recombinant selenoprotein production using UAG as the Sec codon in a specific strain of E. coli lacking other UAG codons and lacking the release factor RF1 that normally terminates translation at UAG. We also describe how such recombinant selenoproteins can be purified and further analyzed for final Sec contents. The methodology can be used for production of natural selenoproteins in recombinant form as well as for production of synthetic selenoproteins that may be designed to use the unique biophysical properties of Sec for diverse biotechnological applications.
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15
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Mukai T, Amikura K, Fu X, Söll D, Crnković A. Indirect Routes to Aminoacyl-tRNA: The Diversity of Prokaryotic Cysteine Encoding Systems. Front Genet 2022; 12:794509. [PMID: 35047015 PMCID: PMC8762117 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.794509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Universally present aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) stringently recognize their cognate tRNAs and acylate them with one of the proteinogenic amino acids. However, some organisms possess aaRSs that deviate from the accurate translation of the genetic code and exhibit relaxed specificity toward their tRNA and/or amino acid substrates. Typically, these aaRSs are part of an indirect pathway in which multiple enzymes participate in the formation of the correct aminoacyl-tRNA product. The indirect cysteine (Cys)-tRNA pathway, originally thought to be restricted to methanogenic archaea, uses the unique O-phosphoseryl-tRNA synthetase (SepRS), which acylates the non-proteinogenic amino acid O-phosphoserine (Sep) onto tRNACys. Together with Sep-tRNA:Cys-tRNA synthase (SepCysS) and the adapter protein SepCysE, SepRS forms a transsulfursome complex responsible for shuttling Sep-tRNACys to SepCysS for conversion of the tRNA-bound Sep to Cys. Here, we report a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of the diversity of indirect Cys encoding systems. These systems are present in more diverse groups of bacteria and archaea than previously known. Given the occurrence and distribution of some genes consistently flanking SepRS, it is likely that this gene was part of an ancient operon that suffered a gradual loss of its original components. Newly identified bacterial SepRS sequences strengthen the suggestion that this lineage of enzymes may not rely on the m1G37 identity determinant in tRNA. Some bacterial SepRSs possess an N-terminal fusion resembling a threonyl-tRNA synthetase editing domain, which interestingly is frequently observed in the vicinity of archaeal SepCysS genes. We also found several highly degenerate SepRS genes that likely have altered amino acid specificity. Cross-analysis of selenocysteine (Sec)-utilizing traits confirmed the co-occurrence of SepCysE and the Sec-utilizing machinery in archaea, but also identified an unusual O-phosphoseryl-tRNASec kinase fusion with an archaeal Sec elongation factor in some lineages, where it may serve in place of SepCysE to prevent crosstalk between the two minor aminoacylation systems. These results shed new light on the variations in SepRS and SepCysS enzymes that may reflect adaptation to lifestyle and habitat, and provide new information on the evolution of the genetic code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Mukai
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Amikura
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Xian Fu
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Dieter Söll
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ana Crnković
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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16
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Patel A, Mulder DW, Söll D, Krahn N. Harnessing selenocysteine to enhance microbial cell factories for hydrogen production. FRONTIERS IN CATALYSIS 2022; 2. [PMID: 36844461 PMCID: PMC9961374 DOI: 10.3389/fctls.2022.1089176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen is a clean, renewable energy source, that when combined with oxygen, produces heat and electricity with only water vapor as a biproduct. Furthermore, it has the highest energy content by weight of all known fuels. As a result, various strategies have engineered methods to produce hydrogen efficiently and in quantities that are of interest to the economy. To approach the notion of producing hydrogen from a biological perspective, we take our attention to hydrogenases which are naturally produced in microbes. These organisms have the machinery to produce hydrogen, which when cleverly engineered, could be useful in cell factories resulting in large production of hydrogen. Not all hydrogenases are efficient at hydrogen production, and those that are, tend to be oxygen sensitive. Therefore, we provide a new perspective on introducing selenocysteine, a highly reactive proteinogenic amino acid, as a strategy towards engineering hydrogenases with enhanced hydrogen production, or increased oxygen tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armaan Patel
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - David W Mulder
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Biosciences Center, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Dieter Söll
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Natalie Krahn
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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17
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Gong T, Hashimoto AC, Sasuclark AR, Khadka VS, Gurary A, Pitts MW. Selenoprotein M Promotes Hypothalamic Leptin Signaling and Thioredoxin Antioxidant Activity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:775-787. [PMID: 30648404 PMCID: PMC8617589 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Selenoproteins are an essential class of proteins involved in redox signaling and energy metabolism. However, the functions of many selenoproteins are not clearly established. Selenoprotein M (SELENOM), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident oxidoreductase bearing structural similarity to thioredoxin (TXN), is among those yet to be fully characterized. This protein is highly expressed in hypothalamic regions involved in leptin signaling and has been previously linked to energy metabolism. Herein, we performed a series of studies using in vivo and in vitro models to probe the specific influence of SELENOM on hypothalamic leptin signaling and assess SELENOM-regulated pathways. Innovation and Results: Our initial experiment in vivo demonstrated that (i) leptin promotes hypothalamic expression of SELENOM and (ii) leptin-induced STAT3 phosphorylation is impeded by SELENOM deficiency. Additional in vitro studies using mHypoE-44 immortalized hypothalamic neurons corroborated these findings, as SELENOM deficiency obstructed downstream STAT3 phosphorylation and cytosolic calcium responses evoked by leptin treatment. Correspondingly, SELENOM overexpression enhanced leptin sensitivity. Microarray analysis conducted in parallel on hypothalamic tissue and mHypoE-44 cells revealed multiple genes significantly affected by SELENOM deficiency, including thioredoxin interacting protein, a negative regulator of the TXN system. Further analysis determined that (i) SELENOM itself possesses intrinsic TXN activity and (ii) SELENOM deficiency leads to a reduction in overall TXN activity. Finally, mHypoE-44 cells lacking SELENOM displayed diminished activation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway and increased susceptibility to ER stress-mediated cell death. Conclusion: In sum, these findings establish SELENOM as a positive regulator of leptin signaling and TXN antioxidant activity in the hypothalamus. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 775-787.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gong
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Ann C Hashimoto
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Microbiolgy, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Alexandru R Sasuclark
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Microbiolgy, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Vedbar S Khadka
- Bioinformatics Core in the Department of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Alexandra Gurary
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiolgy, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Matthew W Pitts
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Microbiolgy, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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18
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Kalil H, Fouad F, Azeroual S, Bose T, Bayachou M. Bottom‐Up Design of a Grafted Organic Selenide Interface for Sensitive Electrocatalytic Detection of Peroxynitrite. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Kalil
- Department of Chemistry College of Science Cleveland State University Cleveland Ohio 44115 USA
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Suez Canal University Ismailia Egypt
| | - Farid Fouad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Kent State University Ohio 44242 USA
| | - Sami Azeroual
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Kent State University Ohio 44242 USA
| | - Tiyash Bose
- Department of Chemistry College of Science Cleveland State University Cleveland Ohio 44115 USA
| | - Mekki Bayachou
- Department of Chemistry College of Science Cleveland State University Cleveland Ohio 44115 USA
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio 44195 USA
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19
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Lapcinska S, Dimitrijevs P, Arsenyan P. Visible Light‐Mediated Synthesis of Se−S Bond‐Containing Peptides. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sindija Lapcinska
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis Aizkraukles 21 LV-1006 Riga Latvia
| | - Pavels Dimitrijevs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis Aizkraukles 21 LV-1006 Riga Latvia
| | - Pavel Arsenyan
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis Aizkraukles 21 LV-1006 Riga Latvia
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20
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De Lise F, Strazzulli A, Iacono R, Curci N, Di Fenza M, Maurelli L, Moracci M, Cobucci-Ponzano B. Programmed Deviations of Ribosomes From Standard Decoding in Archaea. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:688061. [PMID: 34149676 PMCID: PMC8211752 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.688061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic code decoding, initially considered to be universal and immutable, is now known to be flexible. In fact, in specific genes, ribosomes deviate from the standard translational rules in a programmed way, a phenomenon globally termed recoding. Translational recoding, which has been found in all domains of life, includes a group of events occurring during gene translation, namely stop codon readthrough, programmed ± 1 frameshifting, and ribosome bypassing. These events regulate protein expression at translational level and their mechanisms are well known and characterized in viruses, bacteria and eukaryotes. In this review we summarize the current state-of-the-art of recoding in the third domain of life. In Archaea, it was demonstrated and extensively studied that translational recoding regulates the decoding of the 21st and the 22nd amino acids selenocysteine and pyrrolysine, respectively, and only one case of programmed -1 frameshifting has been reported so far in Saccharolobus solfataricus P2. However, further putative events of translational recoding have been hypothesized in other archaeal species, but not extensively studied and confirmed yet. Although this phenomenon could have some implication for the physiology and adaptation of life in extreme environments, this field is still underexplored and genes whose expression could be regulated by recoding are still poorly characterized. The study of these recoding episodes in Archaea is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica De Lise
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources - National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Strazzulli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy.,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Iacono
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources - National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Curci
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources - National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Fenza
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources - National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Maurelli
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources - National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Moracci
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources - National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy.,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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21
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Yee EF, Oldemeyer S, Böhm E, Ganguly A, York DM, Kottke T, Crane BR. Peripheral Methionine Residues Impact Flavin Photoreduction and Protonation in an Engineered LOV Domain Light Sensor. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1148-1164. [PMID: 33787242 PMCID: PMC8107827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Proton-coupled electron transfer reactions play critical roles in many aspects of sensory phototransduction. In the case of flavoprotein light sensors, reductive quenching of flavin excited states initiates chemical and conformational changes that ultimately transmit light signals to downstream targets. These reactions generally require neighboring aromatic residues and proton-donating side chains for rapid and coordinated electron and proton transfer to flavin. Although photoreduction of flavoproteins can produce either the anionic (ASQ) or neutral semiquinone (NSQ), the factors that favor one over the other are not well understood. Here we employ a biologically active variant of the light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) domain protein VVD devoid of the adduct-forming Cys residue (VVD-III) to probe the mechanism of flavin photoreduction and protonation. A series of isosteric and conservative residue replacements studied by rate measurements, fluorescence quantum yields, FTIR difference spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations indicate that tyrosine residues facilitate charge recombination reactions that limit sustained flavin reduction, whereas methionine residues facilitate radical propagation and quenching and also gate solvent access for flavin protonation. Replacement of a single surface Met residue with Leu favors formation of the ASQ over the NSQ and desensitizes photoreduction to oxidants. In contrast, increasing site hydrophilicity by Gln substitution promotes rapid NSQ formation and weakens the influence of the redox environment. Overall, the photoreactivity of VVD-III can be understood in terms of redundant electron donors, internal hole quenching, and coupled proton transfer reactions that all depend upon protein conformation, dynamics, and solvent penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estella F. Yee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Sabine Oldemeyer
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Elena Böhm
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Abir Ganguly
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Simulation Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Darrin M. York
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Simulation Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Tilman Kottke
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Brian R. Crane
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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22
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Kuropatkina TA, Medvedeva NA, Medvedev OS. [The role of selenium in cardiology]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 61:96-104. [PMID: 33849425 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2021.3.n1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is an important micronutrient that is essential for the functioning of the human body. Being a component of the active center of several antioxidant enzymes selenium prevents cell injury by free radicals. Decline in selenium-containing enzymes results in progression of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, which are considered as possible causes for the development of many cardiovascular diseases. This review focuses on mechanisms for prevention of myocardial and vascular injury through the adequate selenium supply to the body. The importance of monitoring and correction of the selenium status in appropriate patients is underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Kuropatkina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Medvedeva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - O S Medvedev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Moscow, Russia National medical research Center of cardiology of the Ministry of healthcare, Moscow, Russia
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23
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Diselenide crosslinks for enhanced and simplified oxidative protein folding. Commun Chem 2021; 4:30. [PMID: 36697775 PMCID: PMC9814483 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro oxidative folding of proteins has been studied for over sixty years, providing critical insight into protein folding mechanisms. Hirudin, the most potent natural inhibitor of thrombin, is a 65-residue protein with three disulfide bonds, and is viewed as a folding model for a wide range of disulfide-rich proteins. Hirudin's folding pathway is notorious for its highly heterogeneous intermediates and scrambled isomers, limiting its folding rate and yield in vitro. Aiming to overcome these limitations, we undertake systematic investigation of diselenide bridges at native and non-native positions and investigate their effect on hirudin's folding, structure and activity. Our studies demonstrate that, regardless of the specific positions of these substitutions, the diselenide crosslinks enhanced the folding rate and yield of the corresponding hirudin analogues, while reducing the complexity and heterogeneity of the process. Moreover, crystal structure analysis confirms that the diselenide substitutions maintained the overall three-dimensional structure of the protein and left its function virtually unchanged. The choice of hirudin as a study model has implications beyond its specific folding mechanism, demonstrating the high potential of diselenide substitutions in the design, preparation and characterization of disulfide-rich proteins.
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24
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Dauplais M, Bierla K, Maizeray C, Lestini R, Lobinski R, Plateau P, Szpunar J, Lazard M. Methylselenol Produced In Vivo from Methylseleninic Acid or Dimethyl Diselenide Induces Toxic Protein Aggregation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052241. [PMID: 33668124 PMCID: PMC7956261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylselenol (MeSeH) has been suggested to be a critical metabolite for anticancer activity of selenium, although the mechanisms underlying its activity remain to be fully established. The aim of this study was to identify metabolic pathways of MeSeH in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to decipher the mechanism of its toxicity. We first investigated in vitro the formation of MeSeH from methylseleninic acid (MSeA) or dimethyldiselenide. Determination of the equilibrium and rate constants of the reactions between glutathione (GSH) and these MeSeH precursors indicates that in the conditions that prevail in vivo, GSH can reduce the major part of MSeA or dimethyldiselenide into MeSeH. MeSeH can also be enzymatically produced by glutathione reductase or thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase. Studies on the toxicity of MeSeH precursors (MSeA, dimethyldiselenide or a mixture of MSeA and GSH) in S.cerevisiae revealed that cytotoxicity and selenomethionine content were severely reduced in a met17 mutant devoid of O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase. This suggests conversion of MeSeH into selenomethionine by this enzyme. Protein aggregation was observed in wild-type but not in met17 cells. Altogether, our findings support the view that MeSeH is toxic in S. cerevisiae because it is metabolized into selenomethionine which, in turn, induces toxic protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Dauplais
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de la Cellule, BIOC, École Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7654, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau CEDEX, France; (M.D.); (C.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Bierla
- IPREM UMR5254, E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie Pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Hélioparc, 64053 Pau, France; (K.B.); (R.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Coralie Maizeray
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de la Cellule, BIOC, École Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7654, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau CEDEX, France; (M.D.); (C.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Roxane Lestini
- Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences, École Polytechnique, CNRS UMR7645—INSERM U1182, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau CEDEX, France;
| | - Ryszard Lobinski
- IPREM UMR5254, E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie Pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Hélioparc, 64053 Pau, France; (K.B.); (R.L.); (J.S.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 19048 Moscow, Russia
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Pierre Plateau
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de la Cellule, BIOC, École Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7654, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau CEDEX, France; (M.D.); (C.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Joanna Szpunar
- IPREM UMR5254, E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie Pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Hélioparc, 64053 Pau, France; (K.B.); (R.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Myriam Lazard
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de la Cellule, BIOC, École Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7654, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau CEDEX, France; (M.D.); (C.M.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Investigating the Thioredoxin and Glutathione Systems' Response in Lymphoma Cells after Treatment with [Au(d2pype)2]CL. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010104. [PMID: 33451071 PMCID: PMC7828567 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma is a blood cancer comprising various subtypes. Although effective therapies are available, some patients fail to respond to treatment and can suffer from side effects. Antioxidant systems, especially the thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione (GSH) systems, are known to enhance cancer cell survival, with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) recently reported as a potential anticancer target. Since the GSH system can compensate for some Trx system functions, we investigated its response in three lymphoma cell lines after inhibiting TrxR activity with [Au(d2pype)2]Cl, a known TrxR inhibitor. [Au(d2pype)2]Cl increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and induced caspase-3 activity leading to cell apoptosis through inhibiting both TrxR and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) activity. Expression of the tumour suppresser gene TXNIP increased, while GPX1 and GPX4 expression, which are related to poor prognosis of lymphoma patients, decreased. Unlike SUDHL2 and SUDHL4 cells, which exhibited a decreased GSH/GSSG ratio after treatment, in KMH2 cells the ratio remained unchanged, while glutathione reductase and glutaredoxin expression increased. Since KMH2 cells were less sensitive to treatment with [Au(d2pype)2]Cl, the GSH system may play a role in protecting cells from apoptosis after TrxR inhibition. Overall, our study demonstrates that inhibition of TrxR represents a valid therapeutic approach for lymphoma.
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Biomimetic selenocystine based dynamic combinatorial chemistry for thiol-disulfide exchange. Nat Commun 2021; 12:163. [PMID: 33420034 PMCID: PMC7794297 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20415-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic combinatorial chemistry applied to biological environments requires the exchange chemistry of choice to take place under physiological conditions. Thiol-disulfide exchange, one of the most popular dynamic combinatorial chemistries, usually needs long equilibration times to reach the required equilibrium composition. Here we report selenocystine as a catalyst mimicking Nature's strategy to accelerate thiol-disulfide exchange at physiological pH and low temperatures. Selenocystine is able to accelerate slow thiol-disulfide systems and to promote the correct folding of an scrambled RNase A enzyme, thus broadening the practical range of pH conditions for oxidative folding. Additionally, dynamic combinatorial chemistry target-driven self-assembly processes are tested using spermine, spermidine and NADPH (casting) and glucose oxidase (molding). A non-competitive inhibitor is identified in the glucose oxidase directed dynamic combinatorial library.
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Li S, Zhao Q, Zhang K, Sun W, Li J, Guo X, Yin J, Zhang J, Tang C. Selenium Deficiency-Induced Pancreatic Pathology Is Associated with Oxidative Stress and Energy Metabolism Disequilibrium. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:154-165. [PMID: 32314143 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient that plays a crucial role in development and physiological processes. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Se deficiency on pancreatic pathology and the potential mechanism in pigs. Twenty-four castrated male Yorkshire pigs were divided into two groups and fed a Se-deficient diet (0.007 mg Se/kg) or a Se-adequate diet (0.3 mg Se/kg) for 16 weeks. The serum concentrations of insulin and glucagon, Se concentration, histologic characteristics, apoptotic status, antioxidant activity, free radical content, and major metabolite concentrations were analyzed. The results showed that Se deficiency reduced the concentrations of insulin and glucagon in the serum and of Se in pancreas, decreased the number of islets and cells in the local islets, and induced pancreatic apoptosis. Se deficiency caused a redox imbalance, which led to an increase in the content of free radicals and decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Of 147 targeted metabolites judged to be present in pancreas, only hypotaurine and D-glucuronic acid had differential concentrations with the false discovery rate < 0.05. Pathway analysis using metabolites with differential expression (unadjusted P < 0.05, fold change > 1.4 or < 0.67) found that 8 glycolytic metabolites were significantly increased by Se-deficient, whereas most of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and pentose phosphate pathway metabolites were not significantly changed. Our studies indicated that Se deficiency-induced pancreatic pathology was associated with oxidative stress and enhanced activity of glycolysis, which may provide gaining insight into the actions of Se as a diabetogenic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenjuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingdong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chaohua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Koh WX, Gomez AP, Lee J, Mohameed JBH, Leong WK. Relative reactivity of the dinuclear ruthenium complex [CpRu(CO)2]2 with diphenylselenyl sulphide and diphenyl disulphide. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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29
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Dereven'kov IA, Makarov SV, Molodtsov PA, Makarova AS. Studies on the reaction between reduced riboflavin and selenocystine. INT J CHEM KINET 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergei V. Makarov
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology Ivanovo 153000 Russia
| | - Pavel A. Molodtsov
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology Ivanovo 153000 Russia
| | - Anna S. Makarova
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences Ivanovo 153045 Russia
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Hasanuzzaman M, Bhuyan MHMB, Raza A, Hawrylak-Nowak B, Matraszek-Gawron R, Nahar K, Fujita M. Selenium Toxicity in Plants and Environment: Biogeochemistry and Remediation Possibilities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1711. [PMID: 33291816 PMCID: PMC7762096 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a widely distributed trace element with dual (beneficial or toxic) effects for humans, animals, and plants. The availability of Se in the soil is reliant on the structure of the parental material and the procedures succeeding to soil formation. Anthropogenic activities affect the content of Se in the environment. Although plants are the core source of Se in animal and human diet, the role of Se in plants is still debatable. A low concentration of Se can be beneficial for plant growth, development, and ecophysiology both under optimum and unfavorable environmental conditions. However, excess Se results in toxic effects, especially in Se sensitive plants, due to changing structure and function of proteins and induce oxidative/nitrosative stress, which disrupts several metabolic processes. Contrary, Se hyperaccumulators absorb and tolerate exceedingly large amounts of Se, could be potentially used to remediate, i.e., remove, transfer, stabilize, and/or detoxify Se-contaminants in the soil and groundwater. Thereby, Se-hyperaccumulators can play a dynamic role in overcoming global problem Se-inadequacy and toxicity. However, the knowledge of Se uptake and metabolism is essential for the effective phytoremediation to remove this element. Moreover, selecting the most efficient species accumulating Se is crucial for successful phytoremediation of a particular Se-contaminated area. This review emphasizes Se toxicity in plants and the environment with regards to Se biogeochemistry and phytoremediation aspects. This review follows a critical approach and stimulates thought for future research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ali Raza
- Key Lab of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (B.H.-N.); (R.M.-G.)
| | - Renata Matraszek-Gawron
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (B.H.-N.); (R.M.-G.)
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
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31
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Common modifications of selenocysteine in selenoproteins. Essays Biochem 2020; 64:45-53. [PMID: 31867620 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Selenocysteine (Sec), the sulfur-to-selenium substituted variant of cysteine (Cys), is the defining entity of selenoproteins. These are naturally expressed in many diverse organisms and constitute a unique class of proteins. As a result of the physicochemical characteristics of selenium when compared with sulfur, Sec is typically more reactive than Cys while participating in similar reactions, and there are also some qualitative differences in the reactivities between the two amino acids. This minireview discusses the types of modifications of Sec in selenoproteins that have thus far been experimentally validated. These modifications include direct covalent binding through the Se atom of Sec to other chalcogen atoms (S, O and Se) as present in redox active molecular motifs, derivatization of Sec via the direct covalent binding to non-chalcogen elements (Ni, Mb, N, Au and C), and the loss of Se from Sec resulting in formation of dehydroalanine. To understand the nature of these Sec modifications is crucial for an understanding of selenoprotein reactivities in biological, physiological and pathophysiological contexts.
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Hasanuzzaman M, Bhuyan MHMB, Raza A, Hawrylak-Nowak B, Matraszek-Gawron R, Nahar K, Fujita M. Selenium Toxicity in Plants and Environment: Biogeochemistry and Remediation Possibilities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9121711. [PMID: 33291816 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2020.104170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a widely distributed trace element with dual (beneficial or toxic) effects for humans, animals, and plants. The availability of Se in the soil is reliant on the structure of the parental material and the procedures succeeding to soil formation. Anthropogenic activities affect the content of Se in the environment. Although plants are the core source of Se in animal and human diet, the role of Se in plants is still debatable. A low concentration of Se can be beneficial for plant growth, development, and ecophysiology both under optimum and unfavorable environmental conditions. However, excess Se results in toxic effects, especially in Se sensitive plants, due to changing structure and function of proteins and induce oxidative/nitrosative stress, which disrupts several metabolic processes. Contrary, Se hyperaccumulators absorb and tolerate exceedingly large amounts of Se, could be potentially used to remediate, i.e., remove, transfer, stabilize, and/or detoxify Se-contaminants in the soil and groundwater. Thereby, Se-hyperaccumulators can play a dynamic role in overcoming global problem Se-inadequacy and toxicity. However, the knowledge of Se uptake and metabolism is essential for the effective phytoremediation to remove this element. Moreover, selecting the most efficient species accumulating Se is crucial for successful phytoremediation of a particular Se-contaminated area. This review emphasizes Se toxicity in plants and the environment with regards to Se biogeochemistry and phytoremediation aspects. This review follows a critical approach and stimulates thought for future research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - M H M Borhannuddin Bhuyan
- Citrus Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Jaintapur, Sylhet 3156, Bangladesh
| | - Ali Raza
- Key Lab of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Matraszek-Gawron
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
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Nagy P, Dóka É, Ida T, Akaike T. Measuring Reactive Sulfur Species and Thiol Oxidation States: Challenges and Cautions in Relation to Alkylation-Based Protocols. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:1174-1189. [PMID: 32631072 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Redox biology is gaining ground in research related to human physiology (metabolism, signaling), pathophysiology (cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration), and toxicology (radiation- or xenobiotic-induced damage). A major hurdle in advancing redox medicine is the current lack of understanding the mechanisms underpinning the observed detrimental or beneficial in vivo effects. To gain deeper insights into the underlying molecular pathways of redox regulation, we need to appreciate the strengths and limitations of the currently available methods. Recent Advances: Reactive sulfur species (RSS), including cysteine derivatives of peptides and proteins along with small molecules such as hydrogen sulfide or inorganic polysulfides, are major players in redox biology. RSS-mediated regulation of protein functions is a widely studied mechanism in the field, and considerable efforts have been devoted to the development of selective detection methods. Critical Issues: A large number of available methods rely on an alkylation step to freeze the dynamism of consecutive oxidation and reduction events among RSS at a particular time point inside the cell. This process uses the assumption that alkylation blocks all redox events instantaneously. We argue that unfortunately this is often not the case, which could have serious impacts on detected sulfur species speciation and confound experimental results. Future Directions: Novel technologies and prudent optimization of existing methods to accurately characterize the dynamic redox status of the thiol proteome as well as detailed understanding of regulatory and signaling capacities of protein polysulfidation are crucial to open new routes toward therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Nagy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Dóka
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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34
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Perera MM, Chimala P, Elhusain-Elnegres A, Heaton P, Ayres N. Reversibly Softening and Stiffening Organogels Using a Wavelength-Controlled Disulfide-Diselenide Exchange. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1552-1557. [PMID: 35617082 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Wavelength-dependent light-responsive seleno-sulfide dynamic covalent bonds were used to prepare organogels with reversible changes in stiffness. The disulfide cross-link organogels prepared from norbornene-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-diNB) and poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate-stat-mercaptoethyl acrylate) (PEG-diNB-poly(HPMA-stat-MEMA)) polymers underwent exchange reactions with 5,5'-diselenide-bis(2-aminobenzoic acid) upon irradiation with UV light. Following irradiation with visible light, the seleno-sulfide bonds were cleaved, reforming disulfide cross-links and the 5,5'-diselenide-bis(2-aminobenzoic acid). Reduction in G' with disulfide-diselenide exchange was consistent with that observed following a thiol-disulfide exchange reaction. Recovery of G' upon disulfide bond formation was 85-95% of the initial value in the as-prepared gel over five cycles of bond cleaving and reformation. This initial study shows the potential of the wavelength-controlled disulfide-diselenide chemistry to develop light-responsive reversible organogels. These organogels have the potential to be used in functional materials such as polymeric actuators or biomimetic soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mario Perera
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Prathyusha Chimala
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Abdul Elhusain-Elnegres
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Paul Heaton
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Neil Ayres
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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Behar A, Dennouni-Medjati N, Harek Y, Dali-Sahi M, Belhadj M, Meziane FZ. Selenium overexposure induces insulin resistance: In silico study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:1651-1657. [PMID: 32898742 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several studies raise concerns about the possible association of high selenium exposure with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. This in silico study proposes a possible mechanism of insulin resistance in the case of overexposure to selenium. METHOD A study was carried out using molecular modeling, where cysteines of the insulin-receptor are replaced by selenocysteines. Calculation of the interaction energy of the receptor was performed in both cases with Auto Dock Tools and Vina 4.2 software to predict whether the substitution of amino acid could lead to destabilization of the protein-ligand complex and therefore possibly insulin resistance. Finally, the docked complex was analyzed by using BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer to show the type of interactions between the ligands and insulin-receptor, and to determine the distance of the ligands from the binding site on insulin-receptor. RESULTS The results show that the substitution of cysteine by selenocysteine in the insulin receptor does not lead to stabilization of the complex receptor/insulin, but to its disruption.In addition, the types and the number of bonds between insulin and its receptor in the two cases are different, where 7 strong bonds between insulin and its receptor were found in the case of the cysteine complex compared to 6 weak bonds in the second case. CONCLUSION Findings of this study suggest that misincorporation of selenocysteines in insulin receptor could lead to destabilization of the insulin-receptor complex and therefore may possibly cause an insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammaria Behar
- Aboubekr Belkaid University of Tlemcen, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Laboratory, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria.
| | - Nouria Dennouni-Medjati
- Aboubekr Belkaid University of Tlemcen, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Laboratory, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria.
| | - Yahia Harek
- Aboubekr Belkaid University of Tlemcen, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Laboratory, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria.
| | - Majda Dali-Sahi
- Aboubekr Belkaid University of Tlemcen, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Laboratory, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria.
| | - Moussa Belhadj
- Aboubekr Belkaid University of Tlemcen, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Laboratory, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria.
| | - Fatima Zahra Meziane
- Aboubekr Belkaid University of Tlemcen, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Laboratory, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria.
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Jayasree EG, Sukumar C. A DFT study on the cleavage of dichalcogenide bridges in cystines and selenocystines: Effect of hydrogen bonding. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zuo S, Sun B, Yang Y, Zhou S, Zhang Y, Guo M, Sun M, Luo C, He Z, Sun J. Probing the Superiority of Diselenium Bond on Docetaxel Dimeric Prodrug Nanoassemblies: Small Roles Taking Big Responsibilities. SMALL 2020; 16:e2005039. [PMID: 33078579 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The current state of chemotherapy is far from satisfaction, restricted by the inefficient drug delivery and the off-target toxicity. Prodrug nanoassemblies are emerging as efficient platforms for chemotherapy. Herein, three docetaxel dimeric prodrugs are designed using diselenide bond, disulfide bond, or dicarbide bond as linkages. Interestingly, diselenide bond-bridged dimeric prodrug can self-assemble into stable nanoparticles with impressive high drug loading (≈70%, w/w). Compared with disulfide bond and dicarbide bond, diselenide bond greatly facilitates the self-assembly of dimeric prodrug, and then improves the colloidal stability, blood circulation time, and antitumor efficacy of prodrug nanoassemblies. Furthermore, the redox-sensitive diselenide bond can specifically respond to the overexpressed reactive oxygen species and glutathione in tumor cells, leading to tumor-specific drug release. Therefore, diselenide bond bridged prodrug nanoassemblies exhibit discriminating cytotoxicity between tumor cells and normal cells, significantly alleviating the systemic toxicity of docetaxel. The present work gains in-depth insight into the impact of diselenide bond on the dimeric prodrug nanoassemblies, and provides promising strategies for the rational design of the high efficiency-low toxicity chemotherapeutical nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Zuo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Bingjun Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yinxian Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Mengran Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Mengchi Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Cong Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
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Hu L, Fan H, Wu D, Liao Y, Shen F, Liu W, Huang R, Zhang B, Wang X. Effects of selenium on antioxidant enzyme activity and bioaccessibility of arsenic in arsenic-stressed radish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 200:110768. [PMID: 32460053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Consuming arsenic (As)-contaminated vegetables is the main route of As exposure in humans. The present study focused on the alterations in antioxidant enzymatic activities and As bioaccessibility in As-contaminated radish subjected to Se. Compared to the CK group, the total As content in raw radish was reduced by 27.5 ± 1.3%, and the bioaccessibility of As was reduced by 21.9 ± 2.3% in the 6 mg Se kg-1 treatment group. The total As content in the treatment groups decreased first but then increased with increasing Se application in raw radish, gastric (G) fraction and gastrointestinal (GI) fraction, while the antioxidant activity exhibited the opposite trend. The results revealed that a low amount of Se effectively blocks the accumulation of As in radish, improves the antioxidant activity in radish and reduces the bioaccessibility of As. These findings provide new ideas for effectively alleviating the spread of As to the human body through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China
| | - Houbao Fan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China.
| | - Daishe Wu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization of the Ministry of Education, School of Resource, Environment and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yingchun Liao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China
| | - Fangfang Shen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China
| | - Wenfei Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China
| | - Rongzhen Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization of the Ministry of Education, School of Resource, Environment and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xianglian Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China
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39
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Different Oxidation Pathways of 2-Selenouracil and 2-Thiouracil, Natural Components of Transfer RNA. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21175956. [PMID: 32825053 PMCID: PMC7503825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur- and selenium-modified uridines present in the wobble position of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) play an important role in the precise reading of genetic information and tuning of protein biosynthesis in all three domains of life. Both sulfur and selenium chalcogens functionally operate as key elements of biological molecules involved in the protection of cells against oxidative damage. In this work, 2-thiouracil (S2Ura) and 2-selenouracil (Se2Ura) were treated with hydrogen peroxide at 1:0.5, 1:1, and 1:10 molar ratios and at selected pH values ranging from 5 to 8. It was found that Se2Ura was more prone to oxidation than its sulfur analog, and if reacted with H2O2 at a 1:1 or lower molar ratio, it predominantly produced diselenide Ura-Se-Se-Ura, which spontaneously transformed to a previously unknown Se-containing two-ring compound. Its deselenation furnished the major reaction product, a structure not related to any known biological species. Under the same conditions, only a small amount of S2Ura was oxidized to form Ura-SO2H and uracil (Ura). In contrast, 10-fold excess hydrogen peroxide converted Se2Ura and S2Ura into corresponding Ura-SeOnH and Ura-SOnH intermediates, which decomposed with the release of selenium and sulfur oxide(s) to yield Ura as either a predominant or exclusive product, respectively. Our results confirmed significantly different oxidation pathways of 2-selenouracil and 2-thiouracil.
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40
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Carroll L, Gardiner K, Ignasiak M, Holmehave J, Shimodaira S, Breitenbach T, Iwaoka M, Ogilby PR, Pattison DI, Davies MJ. Interaction kinetics of selenium-containing compounds with oxidants. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 155:58-68. [PMID: 32439383 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Selenium compounds have been identified as potential oxidant scavengers for biological applications due to the nucleophilicity of Se, and the ease of oxidation of the selenium centre. Previous studies have reported apparent second order rate constants for a number of oxidants (e.g. HOCl, ONOOH) with some selenium species, but these data are limited. Here we provide apparent second order rate constants for reaction of selenols (RSeH), selenides (RSeR') and diselenides (RSeSeR') with biologically-relevant oxidants (HOCl, H2O2, other peroxides) as well as overall consumption data for the excited state species singlet oxygen (1O2). Selenols show very high reactivity with HOCl and 1O2, with rate constants > 108 M-1 s-1, whilst selenides and diselenides typically react with rate constants one- (selenides) or two- (diselenides) orders of magnitude slower. Rate constants for reaction of diselenides with H2O2 and other hydroperoxides are much slower, with k for H2O2 being <1 M-1 s-1, and for amino acid and peptide hydroperoxides ~102 M-1 s-1. The rate constants determined for HOCl and 1O2 with these selenium species are greater than, or similar to, rate constants for amino acid side chains on proteins, including the corresponding sulfur-centered species (Cys and Met), suggesting that selenium containing compounds may be effective oxidant scavengers. Some of these reactions may be catalytic in nature due to ready recycling of the oxidized selenium species. These data may aid the development of highly efficacious, and catalytic, oxidant scavengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Carroll
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kelly Gardiner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Marta Ignasiak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Shingo Shimodaira
- Brain Korea (BK21), Dept. of Chemistry, KAIST 373-1, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Michio Iwaoka
- Department of Chemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Peter R Ogilby
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David I Pattison
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia.
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41
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Mafireyi TJ, Laws M, Bassett JW, Cassidy PB, Escobedo JO, Strongin RM. A Diselenide Turn‐On Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Thioredoxin Reductase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tendai J. Mafireyi
- Department of Chemistry Portland State University 1719 SW 10th Avenue Portland OR 97201 USA
| | - Madeleine Laws
- Department of Dermatology Oregon Health & Science University Portland OR 97201 USA
| | - John W. Bassett
- Department of Dermatology Oregon Health & Science University Portland OR 97201 USA
| | - Pamela B. Cassidy
- Department of Dermatology Oregon Health & Science University Portland OR 97201 USA
| | - Jorge O. Escobedo
- Department of Chemistry Portland State University 1719 SW 10th Avenue Portland OR 97201 USA
| | - Robert M. Strongin
- Department of Chemistry Portland State University 1719 SW 10th Avenue Portland OR 97201 USA
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42
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Mafireyi TJ, Laws M, Bassett JW, Cassidy PB, Escobedo JO, Strongin RM. A Diselenide Turn-On Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Thioredoxin Reductase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15147-15151. [PMID: 32449244 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the first diselenide-based probe for the selective detection of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme commonly overexpressed in melanomas. The probe design involves conjugation of a seminaphthorhodafluor dye with a diselenide moiety. TrxR reduces the diselenide bond, triggering a fluorescence turn-on response of the probe. Kinetic studies reveal favorable binding of the probe with TrxR with a Michaelis-Menten constant (Km ) of 15.89 μm. Computational docking simulations predict a greater binding affinity to the TrxR active site in comparison to its disulfide analogue. In vitro imaging studies further confirmed the diselenide probe exhibited improved signaling of TrxR activity compared to the disulfide analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tendai J Mafireyi
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, 1719 SW 10th Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Madeleine Laws
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - John W Bassett
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Pamela B Cassidy
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Jorge O Escobedo
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, 1719 SW 10th Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Robert M Strongin
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, 1719 SW 10th Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
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43
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Reis ARD, Boleta EHM, Alves CZ, Cotrim MF, Barbosa JZ, Silva VM, Porto RL, Lanza MGDB, Lavres J, Gomes MHF, Carvalho HWPD. Selenium toxicity in upland field-grown rice: Seed physiology responses and nutrient distribution using the μ-XRF technique. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 190:110147. [PMID: 31918255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential element for human and animal, although considered beneficial to higher plants. Selenium application at high concentration to plants can cause toxicity decreasing the physiological quality of seeds. This study aimed to characterize the Se toxicity on upland rice yield, seed physiology and the localization of Se in seeds using X-ray fluorescence microanalysis (μ-XRF). In the flowering stage, foliar application of Se (0, 250, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 g ha-1) as sodium selenate was performed. A decrease in rice yield and an increase in seed Se concentrations were observed from 250 g Se ha-1. The storage proteins in the seeds showed different responses with Se application (decrease in albumin, increase in prolamin and glutelin). There was a reduction in the concentrations of total sugars and sucrose with the application of 250 and 500 g Se ha-1. The highest intensities Kα counts of Se were detected mainly in the endosperm and aleurone/pericarp. μ-XRF revealed the spatial distribution of sulfur, calcium, and potassium in the seed embryos. The seed germination decreased, and the electrical conductivity increased in response to high Se application rates showing clearly an abrupt decrease of physiological quality of rice seeds. This study provides information for a better understanding of the effects of Se toxicity on rice, revealing that in addition to the negative effects on yield, there are changes in the physiological and biochemical quality of seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Rodrigues Dos Reis
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Domingos da Costa Lopes 780, Tupã, SP, Postal Code 17602-496, Brazil.
| | | | - Charline Zaratin Alves
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Rodovia MS-306 - Zona Rural, Chapadão do Sul, MS, Postal Code 79560-000, Brazil
| | - Mayara Fávero Cotrim
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Rodovia MS-306 - Zona Rural, Chapadão do Sul, MS, Postal Code 79560-000, Brazil
| | - Julierme Zimmer Barbosa
- Federal Institute of Southeast Minas Gerais, Rua Monsenhor José Augusto, n. 204 - Bairro São José, Barbacena, MG, 36205-018, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - José Lavres
- University of São Paulo - USP, Av. Centenário, 303, São Dimas, Piracicaba, SP, Postal Code 13400-970, Brazil
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44
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Goncharenko KV, Flückiger S, Liao C, Lim D, Stampfli AR, Seebeck FP. Selenocysteine as a Substrate, an Inhibitor and a Mechanistic Probe for Bacterial and Fungal Iron-Dependent Sulfoxide Synthases. Chemistry 2020; 26:1328-1334. [PMID: 31545545 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfoxide synthases are non-heme iron enzymes that participate in the biosynthesis of thiohistidines, such as ergothioneine and ovothiol A. The sulfoxide synthase EgtB from Chloracidobacterium thermophilum (CthEgtB) catalyzes oxidative coupling between the side chains of N-α-trimethyl histidine (TMH) and cysteine (Cys) in a reaction that entails complete reduction of molecular oxygen, carbon-sulfur (C-S) and sulfur-oxygen (S-O) bond formation as well as carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bond cleavage. In this report, we show that CthEgtB and other bacterial sulfoxide synthases cannot efficiently accept selenocysteine (SeCys) as a substrate in place of cysteine. In contrast, the sulfoxide synthase from the filamentous fungus Chaetomium thermophilum (CthEgt1) catalyzes C-S and C-Se bond formation at almost equal efficiency. We discuss evidence suggesting that this functional difference between bacterial and fungal sulfoxide synthases emerges from different modes of oxygen activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina V Goncharenko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Flückiger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cangsong Liao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Lim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anja R Stampfli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian P Seebeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
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45
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A review on the druggability of a thiol-based enzymatic antioxidant thioredoxin reductase for treating filariasis and other parasitic infections. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 142:125-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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46
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Eaton JK, Ruberto RA, Kramm A, Viswanathan VS, Schreiber SL. Diacylfuroxans Are Masked Nitrile Oxides That Inhibit GPX4 Covalently. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:20407-20415. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John K. Eaton
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Richard A. Ruberto
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Anneke Kramm
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | | | - Stuart L. Schreiber
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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47
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Lusa M, Help H, Honkanen AP, Knuutinen J, Parkkonen J, Kalasová D, Bomberg M. The reduction of selenium(IV) by boreal Pseudomonas sp. strain T5-6-I - Effects on selenium(IV) uptake in Brassica oleracea. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 177:108642. [PMID: 31430668 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient but toxic when taken in excessive amounts. Therefore, understanding the metabolic processes related to selenium uptake and bacteria-plant interactions coupled with selenium metabolism are of high importance. We cultivated Brassica oleracea with the previously isolated heterotrophic aerobic Se(IV)-reducing Pseudomonas sp. T5-6-I strain to better understand the phenomena of bacteria-mediated Se(IV) reduction on selenium availability to the plants. B. oleracea grown on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS-salt agar) with and without of Pseudomonas sp. were amended with Se(IV)/75Se(IV), and selenium transfer into plants was studied using autoradiography and gamma spectroscopy. XANES was in addition used to study the speciation of selenium in the B. oleracea plants. In addition, the effects of Se(IV) on the protein expression in B. oleracea was studied using HPLC-SEC. TEM and confocal microscopy were used to follow the bacterial/Se-aggregate accumulation in plants and the effects of bacterial inoculation on root-hair growth. In the tests using 75Se(IV) on average 130% more selenium was translocated to the B. oleracea plants grown with Pseudomonas sp. compared to the plants grown with selenium, but without Pseudomonas sp.. In addition, these bacteria notably increased root hair density. Changes in the protein expression of B. oleracea were observed on the ∼30-58 kDa regions in the Se(IV) treated samples, probably connected e.g. to the oxidative stress induced by Se(IV) or expression of proteins connected to the Se(IV) metabolism. Based on the XANES measurements, selenium appears to accumulate in B. oleracea mainly in organic C-Se-H and C-Se-C bonds with and without bacteria inoculation. We conclude that the Pseudomonas sp. T5-6-I strain seems to contribute positively to the selenium accumulation in plants, establishing the high potential of Se0-producing bacteria in the use of phytoremediation and biofortification of selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merja Lusa
- Department of Chemistry, Radiochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Hanna Help
- Department of Physics, X-Ray Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari-Pekka Honkanen
- Department of Physics, X-Ray Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenna Knuutinen
- Department of Chemistry, Radiochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Dominika Kalasová
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Malin Bomberg
- Material Recycling and Geotechnology, VTT, Technical Research Center of Finland, Espoo, Finland
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48
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Rocca C, Pasqua T, Boukhzar L, Anouar Y, Angelone T. Progress in the emerging role of selenoproteins in cardiovascular disease: focus on endoplasmic reticulum-resident selenoproteins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3969-3985. [PMID: 31218451 PMCID: PMC11105271 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03195-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent one of the most important health problems of developed countries. One of the main actors involved in the onset and development of cardiovascular diseases is the increased production of reactive oxygen species that, through lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and DNA damage, induce oxidative stress and cell death. Basic and clinical research are ongoing to better understand the endogenous antioxidant mechanisms that counteract oxidative stress, which may allow to identify a possible therapeutic targeting/application in the field of stress-dependent cardiovascular pathologies. In this context, increasing attention is paid to the glutathione/glutathione-peroxidase and to the thioredoxin/thioredoxin-reductase systems, among the most potent endogenous antioxidative systems. These key enzymes, belonging to the selenoprotein family, have a well-established function in the regulation of the oxidative cell balance. The aim of the present review was to highlight the role of selenoproteins in cardiovascular diseases, introducing the emerging cardioprotective role of endoplasmic reticulum-resident members and in particular one of them, namely selenoprotein T or SELENOT. Accumulating evidence indicates that the dysfunction of different selenoproteins is involved in the susceptibility to oxidative stress and its associated cardiovascular alterations, such as congestive heart failure, coronary diseases, impaired cardiac structure and function. Some of them are under investigation as useful pathological biomarkers. In addition, SELENOT exhibited intriguing cardioprotective effects by reducing the cardiac ischemic damage, in terms of infarct size and performance. In conclusion, selenoproteins could represent valuable targets to treat and diagnose cardiovascular diseases secondary to oxidative stress, opening a new avenue in the field of related therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Rocca
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Patho-physiology, Department of Biology, E. and E.S., University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1239, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Rouen-Normandie University, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, 76000, Rouen, France.
| | - Teresa Pasqua
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Patho-physiology, Department of Biology, E. and E.S., University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
- "Fondazione Umberto Veronesi", Milan, Italy
| | - Loubna Boukhzar
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1239, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Rouen-Normandie University, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Youssef Anouar
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1239, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Rouen-Normandie University, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Patho-physiology, Department of Biology, E. and E.S., University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy.
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49
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Shu N, Cheng Q, Arnér ESJ, Davies MJ. Inhibition and crosslinking of the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase-1 by p-benzoquinone. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101335. [PMID: 31590044 PMCID: PMC6812298 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinones are common in nature, and often cytotoxic. Their proposed toxicity mechanisms involve redox cycling with radical generation, and/or reactions with nucleophiles, such as protein cysteine (Cys) residues, forming adducts via Michael addition reactions. The selenenyl anion of selenocysteine (Sec) is a stronger nucleophile, more prevalent at physiological pH, and more reactive than the corresponding thiolate anion of Cys. We therefore hypothesized that Sec residues should be readily modified by quinones and with potential consequences for the structure and function of selenoproteins. Here, we report data on the interaction of p-benzoquinone (BQ) with the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR1), which exposes an accessible Sec residue upon physiological reduction by NADPH. Our results reveal that BQ targets NADPH-reduced TrxR1 and inhibits its activity using 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) or juglone as model substrates, consistent with the targeting of both the Cys and Sec residues of TrxR1. In the absence of NADPH, BQ modified the non-catalytic Cys residues, leading to subunit crosslinking, mainly through disulfides, which also resulted in some loss of activity. This crosslinking was time-dependent and independent of the Sec residue. Addition of NADPH after BQ pre-treatment could resolve the disulfide-linked crosslinking. TrxR activity loss was also observed upon incubation of J774A.1 cells or cell lysates with BQ. These data suggest that BQ readily targets TrxR1, albeit in a rather complex manner, which results in structural changes and loss of enzyme activity. We suggest that TrxR1 targeting can explain some of the cytotoxicity of BQ, and potentially also that of other quinone compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Shu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Qing Cheng
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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50
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Ko KY, Lee JH, Jang JK, Jin Y, Kang H, Kim IY. S-Glutathionylation of mouse selenoprotein W prevents oxidative stress-induced cell death by blocking the formation of an intramolecular disulfide bond. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 141:362-371. [PMID: 31299423 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mouse selenoprotein W (SELENOW) is a small protein containing a selenocysteine (Sec, U) and four cysteine (Cys, C) residues. The Sec residue in SELENOW is located within the conserved CXXU motif corresponding to the CXXC redox motif of thioredoxin (Trx). It is known that glutathione (GSH) binds to SELENOW and that this binding is involved in protecting cells from oxidative stress. However, the regulatory mechanisms controlling the glutathionylation of SELENOW in oxidative stress are unclear. In this study, using purified recombinant SELENOW in which Sec13 was changed to Cys, we found that SELENOW was glutathionylated at Cys33 and that this S-glutathionylation was enhanced by oxidative stress. We also found that the S-glutathionylation of SELENOW at Cys33 in HEK293 cells was due to glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTpi) and that this modification was reversed by glutaredoxin1 (Grx1). In addition to the disulfide bond between the Cys10 and Cys13 of SELENOW, a second disulfide bond was formed between Cys33 and Cys87 under oxidative stress conditions. The second disulfide bond was reduced by Trx1, but the disulfide bond between Cys10 and Cys13 was not. The second disulfide bond was also reduced by glutathione, but the disulfide bond in the CXXC motif was not. The second disulfide bond of the mutant SELENOW, in which Cys37 was replaced with Ser, was formed at a much lower concentration of hydrogen peroxide than the wild type. We also observed that Cys37 was required for S-glutathionylation, and that S-glutathionylated SELENOW containing Cys37 protected the cells from oxidative stress. Furthermore, the SELENOW (C33, 87S) mutant, which could not form the second disulfide bond, also showed antioxidant activity. Taken together, these results indicate that GSTpi-mediated S-glutathionylation of mouse SELENOW at Cys33 is required for the protection of cells in conditions of oxidative stress, through inhibition of the formation of the second disulfide bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Young Ko
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jea Hwang Lee
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge ST, Boston, MA, 02114-2790, USA
| | - Jun Ki Jang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Yunjung Jin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Ick Young Kim
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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