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Gao J, Liu X, Wang M, Zeng X, Wang Z, Wang Y, Lou J, Liu J, Zhao L. Adenosine protects cardiomyocytes against acrolein-induced cardiotoxicity by enhancing mitochondrial homeostasis, antioxidant defense, and autophagic flux via ERK-activated FoxO1 upregulation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 283:116799. [PMID: 39094450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Acrolein is a ubiquitous gaseous air pollutant and endogenous toxicant, which poses strong risk for oxidative stress-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease. Adenosine has been identified as potential therapeutic agent for age-related cardiovascular disease, while the molecular mechanisms underlying its cardioprotection remain elusive. In the present study, we investigated the myocardial protective effects and the mechanism of adenosine on acrolein-induced toxicity in H9c2 cells and primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. We found that acrolein caused apoptosis of cardiomyocytes resulting from oxidative damage, autophagy defect, and mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and oxidative phosphorylation, decrease of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) copy number and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) production. Adenosine pretreatment protected against acrolein-induced cardiotoxicity by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, activating the phase II detoxifying enzyme system, promoting autophagic flux, and alleviating mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis. We further demonstrated that the up-regulation of forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) mediated by extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) activation contributes to the cardioprotection of adenosine. These results expand the application of adenosine in cardioprotection to preventing myocardial damages induced by environmental pollutant acrolein exposure, and uncover the adenosine-ERK-FoxO1 axis as the underlying mechanism mediating the protection of mitochondrial homeostasis, Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense and autophagic flux, shedding light on the better understanding about the pathological mechanism of cardiovascular disease caused by environmental pollutants and applications of adenosine in cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiometabolic Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Health and Science, Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuyun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiometabolic Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiometabolic Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiometabolic Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiometabolic Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiometabolic Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Lou
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiometabolic Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiometabolic Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiometabolic Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Banerjee T, Sarkar A, Ali SZ, Bhowmik R, Karmakar S, Halder AK, Ghosh N. Bioprotective Role of Phytocompounds Against the Pathogenesis of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease to Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis: Unravelling Underlying Molecular Mechanisms. PLANTA MEDICA 2024; 90:675-707. [PMID: 38458248 DOI: 10.1055/a-2277-4805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with a global prevalence of 25%, continues to escalate, creating noteworthy concerns towards the global health burden. NAFLD causes triglycerides and free fatty acids to build up in the liver. The excessive fat build-up causes inflammation and damages the healthy hepatocytes, leading to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Dietary habits, obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia influence NAFLD progression. The disease burden is complicated due to the paucity of therapeutic interventions. Obeticholic acid is the only approved therapeutic agent for NAFLD. With more scientific enterprise being directed towards the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of NAFLD, novel targets like lipid synthase, farnesoid X receptor signalling, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors associated with inflammatory signalling, and hepatocellular injury have played a crucial role in the progression of NAFLD to NASH. Phytocompounds have shown promising results in modulating hepatic lipid metabolism and de novo lipogenesis, suggesting their possible role in managing NAFLD. This review discusses the ameliorative role of different classes of phytochemicals with molecular mechanisms in different cell lines and established animal models. These compounds may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for NAFLD progression to NASH. This review also deliberates on phytomolecules undergoing clinical trials for effective management of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Arnab Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Sk Zeeshan Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Rudranil Bhowmik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Sanmoy Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Amit Kumar Halder
- Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Dr. Meghnad Saha Sarani, Bidhannagar, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Nilanjan Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
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Tangestani H, Jamshidi A, Farhadi A, Ghalandari H, Dehghani P, Moghaddas N, Safaei Z, Emamat H. The effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review of in vivo interventional studies. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 38923154 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disorder in which excess fat accumulates in hepatocytes and can lead to serious complications. Oxidative stress is one of the leading causes of NAFLD. Pomegranates are considered antioxidant-rich fruit. This systematic review study was aimed to investigate the impact of pomegranate on NAFLD. PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases/search engines (from inception up to July 2023) were searched for interventional studies (human and animal) that examined the effects of supplementation with different parts of pomegranate including fruits, peels, seeds, or flower on NAFLD outcomes. A total of 222 articles were retrieved following the initial search. After excluding duplicates, the title and abstract of 114 articles were screened. Afterward, irrelevant articles were removed and the full texts of the remaining 27 articles were reviewed. Eventually, 19 articles (16 animal and three human interventional studies) that met the inclusion criteria, published between 2009 and 2023, were included in this systematic review. Our study indicates the potential beneficial effects of different parts of pomegranate on the improvement of NAFLD. However, given that the majority of the included articles were animal studies, further investigations in the form of human clinical trials are warranted to suggest a clinical indication of such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadith Tangestani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Ali Jamshidi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Akram Farhadi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghalandari
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pardis Dehghani
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Nika Moghaddas
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Zahra Safaei
- Department of Library and Medical Information, School of Paramedical Sciences, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Hadi Emamat
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Senavirathna T, Shafaei A, Lareu R, Balmer L. Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Ellagic Acid for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:485. [PMID: 38671932 PMCID: PMC11047720 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is in epidemic proportions in many parts of the world, contributing to increasing rates of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD represents a range of conditions from the initial stage of fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to severe fibrosis, through to hepatocellular carcinoma. There currently exists no treatment for the long-term management of NAFLD/NASH, however, dietary interventions have been investigated for the treatment of NASH, including several polyphenolic compounds. Ellagic acid is one such polyphenolic compound. Nutraceutical food abundant in ellagic acid undergoes initial hydrolysis to free ellagic acid within the stomach and small intestine. The proposed mechanism of action of ellagic acid extends beyond its initial therapeutic potential, as it is further broken down by the gut microbiome into urolithin. Both ellagic acid and urolithin have been found to alleviate oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis, which are associated with NAFLD/NASH. While progress has been made in understanding the pharmacological and biological activity of ellagic acid and its involvement in NAFLD/NASH, it has yet to be fully elucidated. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarise the currently available literature elucidating the therapeutic potential of ellagic acid and its microbial-derived metabolite urolithin in NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharani Senavirathna
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia;
| | - Armaghan Shafaei
- Centre for Integrative Metabolomics and Computational Biology, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia;
| | - Ricky Lareu
- Curtin Medical School and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Lois Balmer
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia;
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Bahari H, Rafiei H, Goudarzi K, Omidian K, Asbaghi O, Kolbadi KSH, Naderian M, Hosseini A. The effects of pomegranate consumption on liver function enzymes in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med 2024; 80:103008. [PMID: 38040096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2023.103008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all published clinical trial studies to provide a more accurate estimation of pomegranate effects on liver enzymes in different clinical conditions. METHODS A systematic literature search was carried out using electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, up to March 2023 to identify eligible randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of pomegranate consumption on liver function enzymes. Heterogeneity tests of the selected trials were performed using the I2 statistic. Random effects models were assessed based on the heterogeneity tests, and pooled data were determined as the weighted mean difference with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Out of 3811 records, 9 eligible RCTs were included in the current study. However, there are limitations in the included studies, which can be mentioned in the dose, duration, and type of interventions that are different among the studies, as well as the small number of included studies. All this causes heterogeneity among studies and this heterogeneity limits the consistency of the results. Our meta-analysis showed that pomegranate intake had a significant effect on lowering aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in long-term intervention (> 8 weeks), obese (BMI≥30) individuals, or patients with metabolic disorders. Furthermore, results showed a significant decrease in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in the long-term intervention (> 8 weeks) or in patients with metabolic disorders following the pomegranate intake. Combined results from the random-effects model indicated a significant reduction in gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels (WMD: -5.43 IU/L 95% CI: -7.78 to -3.08; p < 0.001;) following the pomegranate intake. The results of Egger's test mentioned a significant publication bias for the trials examining the effect of pomegranate intake on AST (p = 0.007) and ALT (p = 0.036). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that long-term pomegranate intake may be effective in ameliorating liver enzymes in adults with obesity and metabolic disorders who are more likely to have elevated baseline liver enzymes due to some degree of liver injury or tissue damage. However, some studies failed to conduct independent biochemical characterization of the product used, including the presence and quantity of polyphenols, antioxidants, and proanthocyanidins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Bahari
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Rafiei
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kian Goudarzi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Omidian
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Moslem Naderian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
| | - Ali Hosseini
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Zhang Y, Jiao X, Liu J, Feng G, Luo X, Zhang M, Zhang B, Huang L, Long Q. A new direction in Chinese herbal medicine ameliorates for type 2 diabetes mellitus: Focus on the potential of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117484. [PMID: 38012971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetes is a common chronic disease. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has a history of several thousand years in the treatment of diabetes, and active components with hypoglycemic effects extracted from various CHM, such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, terpenes, and steroidal saponins, have been widely used in the treatment of diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY Research exploring the potential of various CHM compounds to regulate the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature data were primarily obtained from authoritative databases such as PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and others within the last decade. The main keywords used include "type 2 diabetes mellitus", "Chinese medicine", "Chinese herbal medicine", "mitochondrial respiratory chain complex", and "mitochondrial dysfunction". RESULTS Chinese herbal medicine primarily regulates the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes in various tissues such as liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, pancreatic islets, and small intestine. It improves cellular energy metabolism through hypoglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and lipid-modulating effects. Different components of CHM can regulate the same mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, while the same components of a particular CHM can regulate different complex activities. The active components of CHM target different mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, regulate their aberrant changes and effectively improve T2DM and its complications. CONCLUSION Chinese herbal medicine can modulate the function of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes in various cell types and exert their hypoglycemic effects through various mechanisms. CHM has significant therapeutic potential in regulating mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes to improve T2DM, but further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and conduct clinical trials to assess the safety and efficacy of these medications. This provides new perspectives and opportunities for personalized improvement and innovative developments in diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinyue Jiao
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianying Liu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Gang Feng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xia Luo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Binzhi Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lizhen Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qinqiang Long
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Lin X, Zhang J, Chu Y, Nie Q, Zhang J. Berberine prevents NAFLD and HCC by modulating metabolic disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 254:108593. [PMID: 38301771 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global metabolic disease with high prevalence in both adults and children. Importantly, NAFLD is becoming the main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Berberine (BBR), a naturally occurring plant component, has been demonstrated to have advantageous effects on a number of metabolic pathways as well as the ability to kill liver tumor cells by causing cell death and other routes. This permits us to speculate and make assumptions about the value of BBR in the prevention and defense against NAFLD and HCC by a global modulation of metabolic disorders. Herein, we briefly describe the etiology of NAFLD and NAFLD-related HCC, with a particular emphasis on analyzing the potential mechanisms of BBR in the treatment of NAFLD from aspects including increasing insulin sensitivity, controlling the intestinal milieu, and controlling lipid metabolism. We also elucidate the mechanism of BBR in the treatment of HCC. More significantly, we provided a list of clinical studies for BBR in NAFLD. Taking into account our conclusions and perspectives, we can make further progress in the treatment of BBR in NAFLD and NAFLD-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Lin
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Juanhong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yajun Chu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiuying Nie
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Wang Y, Han D, Huang Y, Dai Y, Wang Y, Liu M, Wang N, Yin T, Du W, He K, Zheng Y. Oral administration of punicalagin attenuates imiquimod-induced psoriasis by reducing ROS generation and inflammation via MAPK/ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Phytother Res 2024; 38:713-726. [PMID: 38009260 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis, an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory skin disease, imposes a huge mental and physical burden on patients and severely affects their quality of life. Punicalagin (PU), the most abundant ellagitannin in pomegranates, has become a research hotspot owing to its diverse biological activities. However, its effects on psoriasis remain unclear. We explored the impact and molecular mechanism of PU on M5-stimulated keratinocyte cell lines and imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in BABL/c mice using western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescent. Administration of PU-enriched pomegranate extract at dosages of 150 and 250 mg/kg/day markedly attenuated psoriatic severity, abrogated splenomegaly, and reduced IMQ-induced abnormal epidermal proliferation, CD4+ T-cell infiltration, and inflammatory factor expression. Moreover, PU could decrease expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-17A, IL-22, IL-23A, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), followed by keratinocyte proliferation inhibition in the M5-stimulated cell line model of inflammation through inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular regulated protein kinases (MAPK/ERK) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Our results indicate that PU may serve as a promising nutritional intervention for psoriasis by ameliorating cellular oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Han
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingjian Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yilin Dai
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingyi Yin
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenqian Du
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke He
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Gong P, Long H, Guo Y, Wang Z, Yao W, Wang J, Yang W, Li N, Xie J, Chen F. Chinese herbal medicines: The modulator of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease targeting oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116927. [PMID: 37532073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants are a natural treasure trove; their secondary metabolites participate in several pharmacological processes, making them a crucial component in the synthesis of novel pharmaceuticals and serving as a reserve resource foundation in this process. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with the risk of progression to hepatitis and liver cancer. The "Treatise on Febrile Diseases," "Compendium of Materia Medica," and "Thousand Golden Prescriptions" have listed herbal remedies to treat liver diseases. AIM OF THE REVIEW Chinese herbal medicines have been widely used for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD owing to their efficacy and low side effects. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during NAFLD, and the impact and potential mechanism of ROS on the pathogenesis of NAFLD are discussed in this review. Furthermore, common foods and herbs that can be used to prevent NAFLD, as well as the structure-activity relationships and potential mechanisms, are discussed. METHODS Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI database, Google Scholar, and WanFang database were searched for natural products that have been used to treat or prevent NAFLD in the past five years. The primary search was performed using the following keywords in different combinations in full articles: NAFLD, herb, natural products, medicine, and ROS. More than 400 research papers and review articles were found and analyzed in this review. RESULTS By classifying and discussing the literature, we obtained 86 herbaceous plants, 28 of which were derived from food and 58 from Chinese herbal medicines. The mechanism of NAFLD was proposed through experimental studies on thirteen natural compounds (quercetin, hesperidin, rutin, curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, salvianolic acid B, paeoniflorin, ginsenoside Rg1, ursolic acid, berberine, honokiol, emodin). The occurrence and progression of NAFLD could be prevented by natural antioxidants through several pathways to prevent ROS accumulation and reduce hepatic cell injuries caused by excessive ROS. CONCLUSION This review summarizes the natural products and routinely used herbs (prescription) in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. Firstly, the mechanisms by which natural products improve NAFLD through antioxidant pathways are elucidated. Secondly, the potential of traditional Chinese medicine theory in improving NAFLD is discussed, highlighting the safety of food-medicine homology and the broader clinical potential of multi-component formulations in improving NAFLD. Aiming to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Gong
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Hui Long
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yuxi Guo
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zhineng Wang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wenbo Yao
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jianwu Xie
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Fuxin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China.
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Yu W, Zhang F, Meng D, Zhang X, Feng Y, Yin G, Liang P, Chen S, Liu H. Mechanism of Action and Related Natural Regulators of Nrf2 in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:1300-1319. [PMID: 39034715 DOI: 10.2174/0115672018260113231023064614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
With the acceleration of people's pace of life, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease in the world, which greatly threatens people's health and safety. Therefore, there is still an urgent need for higher-quality research and treatment in this area. Nuclear factor Red-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), as a key transcription factor in the regulation of oxidative stress, plays an important role in inducing the body's antioxidant response. Although there are no approved drugs targeting Nrf2 to treat NAFLD so far, it is still of great significance to target Nrf2 to alleviate NAFLD. In recent years, studies have reported that many natural products treat NAFLD by acting on Nrf2 or Nrf2 pathways. This article reviews the role of Nrf2 in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and summarizes the currently reported natural products targeting Nrf2 or Nrf2 pathway for the treatment of NAFLD, which provides new ideas for the development of new NAFLD-related drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Yu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, People's Republic of China
| | - Decheng Meng
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Feng
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Yin
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengpeng Liang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Suwen Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongshuai Liu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
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11
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Zamanian MY, Sadeghi Ivraghi M, Khachatryan LG, Vadiyan DE, Bali HY, Golmohammadi M. A review of experimental and clinical studies on the therapeutic effects of pomegranate ( Punica granatum) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Focus on oxidative stress and inflammation. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:7485-7503. [PMID: 38107091 PMCID: PMC10724645 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is frequently linked to metabolic disorders and is prevalent in obese and diabetic patients. The pathophysiology of NAFLD involves multiple factors, including insulin resistance (IR), oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and genetic predisposition. Recently, there has been an emphasis on the use of herbal remedies with many people around the world resorting to phytonutrients or nutraceuticals for treatment of numerous health challenges in various national healthcare settings. Pomegranate (Punica granatum) parts, such as juice, peel, seed and flower, have high polyphenol content and is well known for its antioxidant capabilities. Pomegranate polyphenols, such as hydrolyzable tannins, anthocyanins, and flavonoids, have high antioxidant capabilities that can help lower the OS and inflammation associated with NAFLD. The study aimed to investigate whether pomegranate parts could attenuate OS, inflammation, and other risk factors associated with NAFLD, and ultimately prevent the development of the disease. The findings of this study revealed that: 1. pomegranate juice contains hypoglycemic qualities that can assist manage blood sugar levels, which is vital for avoiding and treating NAFLD. 2. Polyphenols from pomegranate flowers increase paraoxonase 1 (PON1) mRNA and protein levels in the liver, which can help protect liver enzymes and prevent NAFLD. 3. Punicalagin (PU) is one of the major ellagitannins found in pomegranate, and PU-enriched pomegranate extract (PE) has been shown to inhibit HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and hepatic lipid deposition in rats. 4. Pomegranate fruit consumption, which is high in antioxidants, can decrease the activity of AST and ALT (markers of liver damage), lower TNF-α (a marker of inflammation), and improve overall antioxidant capacity in NAFLD patients. Overall, the polyphenols in pomegranate extracts have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and protective effects on liver enzymes, which can help prevent and manage NAFLD effects on liver enzymes, which can help prevent and manage NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yassin Zamanian
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of PharmacyHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | | | - Lusine G. Khachatryan
- Department of Pediatric Diseases, N.F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children's HealthI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)MoscowRussia
| | - Diana E. Vadiyan
- Institute of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric, Preventive Dentistry and OrthodonticsI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)MoscowRussia
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12
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Meng X, Tian C, Xie C, Zhang H, Wang H, Zhang M, Lu Z, Li D, Chen L, Gao T. Punicalagin protects against impaired skeletal muscle function in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice by regulating TET2. Food Funct 2023; 14:3126-3138. [PMID: 36929898 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03926e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The function of skeletal muscles can be markedly hampered by obesity. Ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2) is an important therapeutic target for ameliorating skeletal muscle dysfunction. Our previous study revealed that punicalagin (PUN) regulated TET2 in obese mice; however, whether PUN can prevent obesity-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction by regulating TET2 remains unclear. In the present study, 40 male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups (n = 10 per group): the control (CON) group, the high-fat-diet (HFD, negative control) group, the resveratrol (positive control) group, and the PUN group. The ratio of gastrocnemius weight to body weight (0.0097 ± 0.0016 vs. 0.0080 ± 0.0011), the grip strength (120.04 g ± 11.10 vs. 98.89 g ± 2.79), and the muscle fiber count (314.56 per visual field ± 92.73 vs. 236.44 per visual field ± 50.58) in the PUN group were higher than those in the HFD group. Moreover, the levels of the TET2 protein, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), and 5-formylcytosine (5fC) in skeletal muscles were significantly lower in the HFD group than those in the CON group; these levels increased after PUN treatment. Compared with the HFD group, the phosphorylation level of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α in the PUN group was higher, which effectively enhanced the stability of the TET2 protein. Besides, the ratio of (succinic acid + fumaric acid)/α-ketoglutarate in the PUN group was lower than that in the HFD group (43.21 ± 12.42 vs. 99.19 ± 37.07), and a lower ratio led to a higher demethylase activity of TET2 in the PUN group than in the HFD group. This study highlights that PUN supplementation protects against obesity-induced impairment of the skeletal muscle function via regulating the protein stability of TET2 and the enzymatic activity of TET2 demethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Meng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Chunyan Tian
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Chenqi Xie
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Haoyu Wang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Mai Zhang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Zhenquan Lu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Duo Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Tianlin Gao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
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13
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Zhang C, Song Y, Yuan M, Chen L, Zhang Q, Hu J, Meng Y, Li S, Zheng G, Qiu Z. Ellagitannins-Derived Intestinal Microbial Metabolite Urolithin A Ameliorates Fructose-Driven Hepatosteatosis by Suppressing Hepatic Lipid Metabolic Reprogramming and Inducing Lipophagy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3967-3980. [PMID: 36825491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Excessive fructose consumption exacerbates the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by disrupting hepatic lipid homeostasis. This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of urolithin A (UroA) in a fructose-induced NAFLD mouse model. UroA was administered in the high-fructose-fed mice to investigate the antisteatotic effects in vivo. Fructose-stimulated HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes were established for in vitro mechanistic assessment. The results suggested that UroA ameliorated fructose-induced hepatic steatosis in mice. Mechanistically, UroA impaired lipogenesis and enhanced β-oxidation in the livers of fructose-fed mice. Notably, UroA facilitated hepatic lipophagy through the AMPK/ULK1 pathway both in vivo and in vitro, degrading lipid droplets for fueling β-oxidation. This study indicates that UroA alleviates excessive lipid accumulation and restores lipid homeostasis in the livers of fructose-fed mice by suppressing lipid metabolic reprogramming and triggering lipophagy. Therefore, dietary supplementation of UroA or ellagitannins-rich foods may be beneficial for NAFLD individuals with high fructose intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Song
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenpeng Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
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14
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Sotelo-González AM, Reynoso-Camacho R, Hernández-Calvillo AK, Castañón-Servín AP, García-Gutiérrez DG, Gómez-Velázquez HDDJ, Martínez-Maldonado MÁ, de los Ríos EA, Pérez-Ramírez IF. Strawberry, Blueberry, and Strawberry-Blueberry Blend Beverages Prevent Hepatic Steatosis in Obese Rats by Modulating Key Genes Involved in Lipid Metabolism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4418. [PMID: 36901426 PMCID: PMC10002361 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in developing natural herb-infused functional beverages with health benefits; therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of strawberry, blueberry, and strawberry-blueberry blend decoction-based functional beverages on obesity-related metabolic alterations in high-fat and high-fructose diet-fed rats. The administration of the three berry-based beverages for eighteen weeks prevented the development of hypertriglyceridemia in obese rats (1.29-1.78-fold) and hepatic triglyceride accumulation (1.38-1.61-fold), preventing the development of hepatic steatosis. Furthermore, all beverages significantly down-regulated Fasn hepatic expression, whereas the strawberry beverage showed the greatest down-regulation of Acaca, involved in fatty acid de novo synthesis. Moreover, the strawberry beverage showed the most significant up-regulation of hepatic Cpt1 and Acadm (fatty acid β-oxidation). In contrast, the blueberry beverage showed the most significant down-regulation of hepatic Fatp5 and Cd36 (fatty acid intracellular transport). Nevertheless, no beneficial effect was observed on biometric measurements, adipose tissue composition, and insulin resistance. On the other hand, several urolithins and their derivatives, and other urinary polyphenol metabolites were identified after the strawberry-based beverages supplementation. In contrast, enterolactone was found significantly increase after the intake of blueberry-based beverages. These results demonstrate that functional beverages elaborated with berry fruits prevent diet-induced hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis by modulating critical genes involved in fatty acid hepatic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Haiku Daniel de Jesús Gómez-Velázquez
- Chemistry School, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautilán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76231, Mexico
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15
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Mohammadi M, Boghrati Z, Emami SA, Akaberi M. Pomegranate: A review of the heavenly healer's past, present, and future. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:1245-1264. [PMID: 37886004 PMCID: PMC10598818 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.72816.15844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
In the great Persian Empire, pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) had a wide reputation for use both as an herbal medicine and nutritious food. It was also a symbol of peace and love according to Achaemenid limestones in the great Persia. This paper aims to review the traditional uses of pomegranate in Persian and Islamic traditional medicine and have thorough and current information regarding the pharmacology and phytochemistry of this valuable plant for practical use and further research. Relevant information about P. granatum was collected from scientific publishers and databases including Elsevier, Wiley, PubMed, and Google Scholar between 1950 and 2022. The traditional knowledge was extracted from Persian and Islamic traditional textbooks. Based on traditional textbooks, pomegranate has beneficial effects on diseases related to gastrointestinal, upper and lower respiratory, visual, and reproductive systems. In addition, pomegranate and its preparations have been prescribed for treating metabolic disorders, skin problems, and wounds as well as dental protection. Preclinical and clinical evidence supports many therapeutic potentials of pomegranate in traditional medicine. Its therapeutic effects are mostly attributed to its polyphenols. The knowledge in Persian and Islamic traditional textbooks about pomegranate and its preparations can be used as a guide for further preclinical and mainly clinical studies to discover the therapeutic potential of this valuable plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Boghrati
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Emami
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Akaberi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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16
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Jafarirad S, Goodarzi R, Mohammadtaghvaei N, Dastoorpoor M, Alavinejad P. Effectiveness of the pomegranate extract in improving hepatokines and serum biomarkers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized double blind clinical trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102693. [PMID: 36535123 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Pomegranate as a functional food has various properties and effects on health. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of pomegranate extract on serum levels of liver enzymes, hepatokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and total antioxidant capacity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 44 patients with NAFLD were divided into two groups: pomegranate extract tablets and placebo. The intervention period was 12 weeks. At the beginning and end of the study, serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), fetuin-A, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and total antioxidant capacity were assessed in both groups. RESULTS Pomegranate extract reduced the level of ALT (P < 0.001), AST (P < 0.001), GGT (P < 0.001), fetuin-A (P < 0.001), FGF-21(P < 0.001) and IL-6 (P = 0.04) compared to the placebo. Pomegranate extract also led to an increase in total antioxidant capacity (P˂0.001) but had no effect on ALP. CONCLUSION It seems that the pomegranate extract improves several markers of NAFLD, and can be useful as a treatment supplement. The clinical trial approved by Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (grant No. NRC-9811). TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT), IRCT20140107016123N14, https://www.irct.ir/trial/42739.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Jafarirad
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Goodarzi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Narges Mohammadtaghvaei
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Dastoorpoor
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Menopause Andropause Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Pejman Alavinejad
- Research Institute for Infectious Disease of Digestive System, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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17
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Hosseini A, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Protective effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum) and its main components against natural and chemical toxic agents: A comprehensive review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154581. [PMID: 36610118 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different chemical toxicants or natural toxins can damage human health through various routes such as air, water, fruits, foods, and vegetables. PURPOSE Herbal medicines may be safe and selective for the prevention of toxic agents due to their active ingredients and various pharmacological properties. According to the beneficial properties of pomegranate, this paper summarized the protective effects of this plant against toxic substances. STUDY DESIGN In this review, we focused on the findings of in vivo and in vitro studies of the protective effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum) and its active components including ellagic acid and punicalagin, against natural and chemical toxic agents. METHODS We collected articles from the following databases or search engines such as Web of Sciences, Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus without a time limit until the end of September 2022. RESULTS P. granatum and its constituents have shown protective effects against natural toxins such as aflatoxins, and endotoxins as well as chemical toxicants for instance arsenic, diazinon, and carbon tetrachloride. The protective effects of these compounds are related to different mechanisms such as the prevention of oxidative stress, and reduction of inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and nuclear factor ĸB (NF-ĸB) as well as the modulation of apoptosis, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways and improvement of liver or cardiac function via regulation of enzymes. CONCLUSION In this review, different in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that P. granatum and its active constituents have protective effects against natural and chemical toxic agents via different mechanisms. There are no clinical trials on the protective effects of P. granatum against toxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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18
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Pino-Seguel P, Moya O, Borquez JC, Pino-de la Fuente F, Díaz-Castro F, Donoso-Barraza C, Llanos M, Troncoso R, Bravo-Sagua R. Sucralose consumption ameliorates high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance and liver weight gain in mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:979624. [PMID: 36225871 PMCID: PMC9549123 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.979624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sucralose is one of the most widely used artificial sweeteners used by the food industry to reduce the calorie density of their products. Although broadly regarded as innocuous, studies show contrasting results depending on whether the research subjects are lean or overweight. In this study, we studied the effect of sucralose consumption on glucose homeostasis in a model of obesity. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed ad libitum with control or a high-fat diet (HFD) and drank either water or sucralose (0.1 mg/mL) for 8 weeks. To characterize the ensuing metabolic changes, we evaluated weight gain, glucose and pyruvate tolerance, and physical performance. Also, we assessed markers of steatosis and mitochondrial mass and function in the liver. Our results show that sucralose reduced weight gain, glucose, and pyruvate intolerance, and prevented the decrease in physical performance of HFD-fed mice. In the liver, sucralose also had a positive effect, preventing the decrease in mitochondrial mass exerted by HFD. Altogether, our results indicate that in the context of an obesogenic diet, sucralose has a beneficial effect at the organismal and hepatic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Pino-Seguel
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Omara Moya
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Borquez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Pino-de la Fuente
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Díaz-Castro
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Donoso-Barraza
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Llanos
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Rodrigo Troncoso,
| | - Roberto Bravo-Sagua
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Obesity and Metabolism in Geriatrics and Adults (OMEGA), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging (CIES), Consortium of Universities of the State of Chile (CUECH), Santiago, Chile
- Roberto Bravo-Sagua,
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19
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Emami Kazemabad MJ, Asgari Toni S, Tizro N, Dadkhah PA, Amani H, Akhavan Rezayat S, Sheikh Z, Mohammadi M, Alijanzadeh D, Alimohammadi F, Shahrokhi M, Erabi G, Noroozi M, Karimi MA, Honari S, Deravi N. Pharmacotherapeutic potential of pomegranate in age-related neurological disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:955735. [PMID: 36118710 PMCID: PMC9476556 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.955735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related neurological disorders [AND] include neurodegenerative diseases [NDDs] such as Alzheimer's disease [AD] and Parkinson's disease [PD], which are the most prevalent types of dementia in the elderly. It also includes other illnesses such as migraine and epilepsy. ANDs are multifactorial, but aging is their major risk factor. The most frequent and vital pathological features of AND are oxidative stress, inflammation, and accumulation of misfolded proteins. As AND brain damage is a significant public health burden and its incidence is increasing, much has been done to overcome it. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is one of the polyphenol-rich fruits that is widely mentioned in medical folklore. Pomegranate is commonly used to treat common disorders such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, wound healing, bleeding, dysentery, acidosis, microbial infections, infectious and noninfectious respiratory diseases, and neurological disorders. In the current review article, we aimed to summarize the data on the pharmacotherapeutic potentials of pomegranate in ANDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Asgari Toni
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Tizro
- School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Parisa Alsadat Dadkhah
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hanieh Amani
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shima Akhavan Rezayat
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Sheikh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Dorsa Alijanzadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Alimohammadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Gisou Erabi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Masoud Noroozi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Karimi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Honari
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Niloofar Deravi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Yang X, Niu Z, Wang X, Lu X, Sun J, Carpena M, Prieto M, Simal-Gandara J, Xiao J, Liu C, Li N. The Nutritional and Bioactive Components, Potential Health Function and Comprehensive Utilization of Pomegranate: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2110260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuhan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Zhonglu Niu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Xiaoming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Jinyue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - M. Carpena
- Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
| | - M.A. Prieto
- Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ningyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
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21
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Reis-Barbosa PH, Marinho TS, Matsuura C, Aguila MB, de Carvalho JJ, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. The obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease mouse model revisited: Liver oxidative stress, hepatocyte apoptosis, and proliferation. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151937. [PMID: 35952484 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The study revisited the diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice and the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis to serve as a translational model. Hepatic beta-oxidation pathways, lipogenesis, oxidative stress, hepatocyte apoptosis, and proliferation were investigated in obese mice. Three-month-old male mice were divided according to their diet for fifteen weeks, the control diet (C group, containing 10% energy from fat) and the high-fat diet (HF group, containing 50% energy from fat). Body weight (BW), liver mass, and steatosis were higher in the HF group than in the C group. Also, gene expression related to beta-oxidation and lipogenesis showed an adverse profile, and insulin and glucose signaling pathways were impaired in the HF group compared to the C group. As a result, steatosis was prevalent in the HF group but not in the C group. Furthermore, the pathways that generate NAFLD were negatively modulated by oxidative stress in the HF animals than in the C ones. The caspase 3 immunolabeled HF hepatocytes with increased gene and protein expressions related to apoptosis while proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeled C hepatocytes. In conclusion, the findings in the DIO mouse model reproduce the NAFLD profile relative to the human NAFLD's apoptosis, insulin signaling, lipogenesis, beta-oxidation, and oxidative stress. Therefore, the model is adequate for a translational perspective's morphological, biochemical, and molecular research on NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H Reis-Barbosa
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Ultrastructure and Tissue Biology, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Thatiany Souza Marinho
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane Matsuura
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Marcia Barbosa Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Jorge J de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure and Tissue Biology, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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22
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Fan Y, Wang J, Feng Z, Cao K, Liu J, Xu H. Hydrogen-rich and hyperoxygenate saline inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury through mediating NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway in C57BL/6 mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1575-1586. [PMID: 35278280 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is one kind of frequently occurred emergency in Intensive Care Unite with a high mortality. The underlying causes are uncontrolled inflammatory reactions and intractable hypoxemia, which are difficult to control and improve. In the past 10 years, gas medical studies have found that both hydrogen molecules and oxygen molecules have protective effects on acute lung injury by improving inflammatory reactions and hypoxia, respectively. Oxygen is an oxidant and hydrogen is an antioxidant. In this study, we investigated the combined effect of above two-gas molecular on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced acute lung injury. METHODS To clarify whether the combination of hydrogen and oxygen could increase or cancel out the protective effect, an ALI mice model induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS was established, and the degree of lung tissue and mitochondria damage was evaluated based on the pathological sections, inflammatory factors, wet-dry ratio, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, western blotting and other detection methods also used to evaluate the therapeutic effect on acute lung injury model. RESULTS We observed that the combined protective effect of hydrogen and oxygen was superior to their respective protective effects, and the specific molecular mechanisms of the two therapies might be different. CONCLUSION Hydrogen plays a more important role in the inflammatory and anti-apoptosis mechanisms, while oxygen improves hypoxia of the body, and thus, its molecular mechanism may be closely associated to the hypoxia pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Fan
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Ear-nose-throat, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University (Xijing Hospital), Xi'an, China
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Institution of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
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23
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He X, Pei S, Meng X, Hua Q, Zhang T, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Zhu X, Liu R, Guo Y, Chen L, Li D. Punicalagin Attenuates Neuronal Apoptosis by Upregulating 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in the Diabetic Mouse Brain. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4995-5004. [PMID: 35412829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Punicalagin exerts neuroprotective activity by improving AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and mitochondrial Krebs cycle. AMPK and Krebs cycle metabolites regulate 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) via acting on ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes. Therefore, we hypothesized that punicalagin inhibits diabetes-related neuronal apoptosis by upregulating 5hmC in the diabetic mouse brain. C57BL/6J mice aged 8 weeks were randomly separated into five groups (n = 10), normal control (NC), diabetes mellitus (DM), resveratrol (RES), low-dose punicalagin (LPU), and high-dose punicalagin (HPU). Compared with other groups, the neuronal apoptosis rate was significantly higher and the 5hmC level of the cerebral cortex was significantly lower in the DM group. The levels of TET2 and P-AMPKα/AMPKα were significantly lower in the DM group than in both LPU and HPU groups. The ratio of (succinic acid + fumaric acid)/α-ketoglutarate was significantly higher in the DM group than in other groups. The present results suggest that punicalagin upregulates 5hmC via activating AMPK and maintaining Krebs cycle homeostasis, thus inhibiting neuronal apoptosis in the diabetic mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Shengjie Pei
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xiangyuan Meng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Qinglian Hua
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Zhizhao Zhang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Run Liu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yurong Guo
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Duo Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
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24
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Zhang Z, Zeng M, Han X, Hou Z, Wang Z, Su T, Zhao W, Liu J, Liu H. A nascent protein labeling strategy disclosed mitochondrial proteomic responses in punicalagin intervened insulin resistance of HepG2 cells. Food Funct 2022; 13:1180-1191. [PMID: 35018929 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02749b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR), as a common pathophysiological basis, is closely related to a variety of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. IR is often accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction which could be induced by a high fat diet. Punicalagin (PU), a natural compound extracted from pomegranate, could ameliorate palmitate-induced IR. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well known. We propose that understanding the proteomic response of mitochondria may help define the mechanisms of PU in the prevention of IR. Most of the mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and transported from cytoplasm. To distinguish newly incorporated proteins responding to stimuli from pre-existing mitochondrial proteome, nascent proteins in HepG2 cells were pulse labeled by an amino acid analog L-azidohomoalanine. Nascent nuclear encoded mitochondrial proteins were enriched by click reaction followed by mass detection. Our data showed that PU increased nuclear encoded protein incorporation to mitochondria in general though the total protein levels remained immobile. To decipher this phenomenon, we tested the protein and mRNA levels of genes related to mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis and found that the mitochondrial turnover was accelerated by PU treatment. By the nascent protein labeling strategy and pathway analysis, we enriched the newly incorporated proteins of mitochondria for responding to PU treatment and found that PU induced nascent protein incorporation into mitochondria and enhanced mitochondrial turnover. These findings demonstrate that PU prevents IR by targeting mitochondria, and thus, is an effective natural nutrient beneficial for mitochondrial turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Zhang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
| | - Mengqi Zeng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
| | - Xiao Han
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
| | - Zhanwu Hou
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
| | - Tian Su
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
| | - Huadong Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
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25
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Punicalagin and Ketogenic Amino Acids Loaded Organic Lipid Carriers Enhance the Bioavailability, Mitochondrial β-Oxidation, and Ketogenesis in Maturing Adipocytes. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030368. [PMID: 35159714 PMCID: PMC8839784 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The identification of lipolytic bioactive compounds via the functional stimulation of carbohydrate response element-binding protein-1 (CREBp-1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is most warranted. Nano lipid carriers (NLCs) are currently being considered within drug delivery development as they facilitate controlled drug release and have intracellular bioavailability after encapsulating the active principles with lipid matrix. The present study has been designed to synthesize punicalagin, and ketogenic amino acids (KAA) loaded with organic lipid carriers to optimize the liposome-assisted intracellular delivery’s bioavailability. Punicalagin (PUNI) and KAA (tryptophan, methionine, threonine, lysine, and leucine) were encapsulated with chia seed phospholipids by homogenization, emulsification, and cold ultra-sonication method to obtain nano lipid carriers (NLC). The physicochemical characterization of NLCs has been carried out using Zetasizer, FT-IR, and TEM analysis. Punicalagin and ketogenic amino acid-loaded NLCs (NLC-PUNI-KAA) were identified with an average diameter of 240 to 800 nm. The biosafety of NLC-PUNI-KAA has been evaluated in human mesenchymal stem cells. PI staining confirmed that a 0.4, 0.8 or 1.6μg/dL dose of NLC-PUNI-KAA potentially maintains nuclear integration. NLC-PUNI-KAA treated with maturing adipocytes decreased lipid accumulation and significantly increased the gene expression levels of fatty acid beta-oxidation (PPARγC1α, UCP-1 and PRDM-16) pathways when compared to free PUNI (5 μg/dL) treatment. The lipolytic potential has been confirmed by the functional activation of AMPK and CREBp-1 protein levels. In conclusion, NLC-PUNI-KAA treatment effectively increased mitochondrial efficiency more than free punicalagin or orlistat treated maturing adipocyte. Enhanced lipolysis and decreased hypertrophic adipocyte resulted in decreased adipokine secretion, which has been associated with the suppression of obesity-associated comorbidities and vascular cell inflammation. The bioefficacy and lipolytic potential of water-soluble punicalagin have been improved after functional modification into NLCs.
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26
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Xu J, Shen J, Yuan R, Jia B, Zhang Y, Wang S, Zhang Y, Liu M, Wang T. Mitochondrial Targeting Therapeutics: Promising Role of Natural Products in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:796207. [PMID: 35002729 PMCID: PMC8733608 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.796207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide, and its prevalence is still growing rapidly. However, the efficient therapies for this liver disease are still limited. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been proven to be closely associated with NAFLD. The mitochondrial injury caused reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and oxidative stress can aggravate the hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis. which contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD. Therefore, pharmacological therapies that target mitochondria could be a promising way for the NAFLD intervention. Recently, natural products targeting mitochondria have been extensively studied and have shown promising pharmacological activity. In this review, the recent research progress on therapeutic effects of natural-product-derived compounds that target mitochondria and combat NAFLD was summarized, aiming to provide new potential therapeutic lead compounds and reference for the innovative drug development and clinical treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayan Shen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruolan Yuan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bona Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Sijian Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Lin H, Wang Q, Niu Y, Gu L, Hu L, Li C, Zhao G. Antifungal and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Punicalagin on Murine Aspergillus fumigatus Keratitis. Curr Eye Res 2021; 47:517-524. [PMID: 34797193 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.2008982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and antifungal effect of punicalagin in murine fungal keratitis. METHODS We used in vitro and in vivo protocols to assess the anti-inflammatory effect and antifungal effect of punicalagin. In vitro, time kill and mycelial stain were done. In vivo, murine fungal keratitis was established and treated with PBS or PUN. Clinical scores were taken on days 1, 3, and 5 post infection. The mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory factors were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, and the number and location of macrophages were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Also, fungal plate counting was used to assess the antifungal effect. The DCFH-DA fluorescence probe detected the ROS level. RESULTS In vitro, PUN showed activity against A.fumigatus. (A.F.), with MIC90 values of 250 μg/ml, and significantly reduced A.F. biofilm formation (p < .001). In vivo, the mouse fungal keratitis model after punicalagin treatment exhibited less disease, lower clinical scores (p < .05), lower reduced macrophage infiltrate (p < .001), and fungal load (p < .001) than those treated with PBS. Treatment with punicalagin also reduced the mRNA expression and protein level of pro-inflammatory factors. At the cellular level, PUN significantly reduced the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors and ROS production caused by the stimulation of mycelia in RAW264.7 (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS The results show that punicalagin is beneficial in the treatment of murine fungal keratitis. The mechanism of its anti-inflammatory effect was synthetical, including antifungal activity, an inhibitory effect of proinflammatory factor and macrophages, and anti-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yawen Niu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingwen Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liting Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Liu W, Ou Y, Yang Y, Zhang X, Huang L, Wang X, Wu B, Huang M. Inhibitory Effect of Punicalagin on Inflammatory and Angiogenic Activation of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:727920. [PMID: 34867335 PMCID: PMC8636678 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.727920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Punicalagin, a major ellagitannin isolated from pomegranate, is proved to have various pharmacological activities with an undefined therapy mechanism. The objective of this research was to demonstrate the effect of punicalagin on anti-inflammatory and angiogenic activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and their potential mechanisms. Endothelial-leukocyte adhesion assay was applied to evaluate primary cultures of HUVECs activation following tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) treatment. The endothelial cell proliferation, migration, permeability and tube formation were assessed by EdU assay, wound migration assay, trans-endothelial electrical resistances (TEER) assay, and capillary-like tube formation assay, respectively. In addition, the expression of relevant proteins was assessed using Western blot analysis. We confirmed that punicalagin could reduce the adhesion of human monocyte cells to HUVECs in vitro and in vivo. Further, punicalagin decreased the expression of mRNA and proteins of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in HUVECs. Moreover, punicalagin inhibited permeability, proliferation, migration, and tube formation in VEGF-induced HUVECs, suppressed IKK-mediated activation of NF-κB signaling in TNF-α-induced endothelial cells, and inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) activation and downstream p-PAK1. Our findings indicated that punicalagin might have a protective effect on HUVECs activation, which suggested that punicalagin functions through an endothelial mediated mechanism for treating various disorders such as, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan) of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanghui Ou
- Department of Digestive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yumeng Yang
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Nephrology and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liqi Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Nephrology and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Nephrology and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Buling Wu
- Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan) of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingcheng Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Nephrology and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Jayasuriya R, Dhamodharan U, Ali D, Ganesan K, Xu B, Ramkumar KM. Targeting Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway by bioactive natural agents: Possible therapeutic strategy to combat liver disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 92:153755. [PMID: 34583226 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), a stress-activated transcription factor, has been documented to induce a defense mechanism against oxidative stress damage, and growing evidence considers this signaling pathway a key pharmacological target for the treatment of liver diseases. PURPOSE The present review highlights the role of phytochemical compounds in activating Nrf2 and mitigate toxicant-induced stress on liver injury. METHODS A comprehensive search of published articles was carried out to focus on original publications related to Nrf2 activators against liver disease using various literature databases, including the scientific Databases of Science Direct, Web of Science, Pubmed, Google, EMBASE, and Scientific Information (SID). RESULTS Nrf2 activators exhibited promising effects in resisting a variety of liver diseases induced by different toxicants in preclinical experiments and in vitro studies by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis as well as an antioxidant defense mechanism. We found that the phytochemical compounds, such as curcumin, naringenin, sulforaphane, diallyl disulfide, mangiferin, oleanolic acid, umbelliferone, daphnetin, quercetin, isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside, hesperidin, diammonium glycyrrhizinate, corilagin, shikonin, farrerol, and chenpi, had the potential to improve the Nrf2-ARE signaling thereby combat hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSION Nrf2 activators may offer a novel potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. More extensive studies are essential to identify the underlying mechanisms and establish future therapeutic potentials of these signaling modulators. Further clinical trials are warranted to determine the safety and effectiveness of Nrf2 activators for hepatopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandran Jayasuriya
- SRM Research Institute and Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | | | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Kumar Ganesan
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China.
| | - Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
- SRM Research Institute and Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India.
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30
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Goodarzi R, Jafarirad S, Mohammadtaghvaei N, Dastoorpoor M, Alavinejad P. The effect of pomegranate extract on anthropometric indices, serum lipids, glycemic indicators, and blood pressure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized double-blind clinical trial. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5871-5882. [PMID: 34498307 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. The beneficial effects of pomegranate have been shown on insulin resistance and obesity, which are linked to NAFLD pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of pomegranate extract in patients with NAFLD. Forty-four NAFLD patients were randomly assigned to receive two pomegranate extract tablets or placebo for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, serum lipids, glycemic indicators, and blood pressure were assessed at baseline and the end of the study. Pomegranate was associated with a reduction in the total cholesterol (p ˂ .001), triglyceride (p ˂ .001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (p ˂ .003), fasting blood sugar (p ˂ .001), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (p = .02), diastolic blood pressure (p = .04), weight (p ˂ .001), body mass index (p ˂ .001), and waist circumference (p = .002), as compared to placebo. A significant increase was observed in serum HDL-C (p ˂ .001) after intervention with the pomegranate extract. However, no significant difference was shown between the two groups in serum insulin and LDL-C. The pomegranate extract supplement could be used as a complementary therapy along with existing therapies to improve glycemic indicators, serum lipids, anthropometric indices, and blood pressure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Goodarzi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sima Jafarirad
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Narges Mohammadtaghvaei
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Dastoorpoor
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Pejman Alavinejad
- Research Institute for Infectious Disease of Digestive System, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Fu F, Liu C, Shi R, Li M, Zhang M, Du Y, Wang Q, Li J, Wang G, Pei J, Ding M. Punicalagin Protects Against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Promoting Opa1-Mediated Mitochondrial Fusion via Regulating PTP1B-Stat3 Pathway. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:618-641. [PMID: 33906428 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aims: This study aims to explore the efficacy of punicalagin (PG) on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), with a specific focus on the mechanisms underlying the effects of PG on mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics. Results: Cardiac structural and functional abnormalities were ameliorated in diabetic rats receiving PG administration as evidenced by increased ejection fraction, and attenuated myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy. PG enhanced mitochondrial function and inhibited mitochondria-derived oxidative stress by promoting Opa1-mediated mitochondrial fusion. The benefits of PG could be abrogated by knockdown of Opa1 in vivo and in vitro. Inhibitor screening and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that Stat3 directly regulated the transcriptional expression of Opa1 by binding to its promoter and was responsible for PG-induced Opa1-mediated mitochondrial fusion. Moreover, pharmmapper screening and molecular docking studies revealed that PG embedded into the activity pocket of PTP1B and inhibited the activity of PTP1B. Overexpression of PTP1B blocked the promoting effect of PG on Stat3 phosphorylation and Opa1-mediated mitochondrial fusion, whereas knockdown of PTP1B mimicked the benefits of PG in high-glucose-treated cardiomyocytes. Innovation: Our study is the first to identify PG as a novel mitochondrial fusion promoter against hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial oxidative injury and cardiomyopathy by upregulating Opa1 via regulating PTP1B-Stat3 pathway. Conclusion: PG protects against DCM by promoting Opa1-mediated mitochondrial fusion, a process in which PG interacts with PTP1B and inhibits its activity, which in turn increases Stat3 phosphorylation and then enhances the transcriptional expression of Opa1. These results suggest that PG might be a promising new therapeutic approach against diabetic cardiac complication. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 618-641.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Man Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanyan Du
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiaojuan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guoen Wang
- Department of Geriatrics Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianming Pei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingge Ding
- Department of Geriatrics Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Annie-Mathew AS, Prem-Santhosh S, Jayasuriya R, Ganesh G, Ramkumar KM, Sarada DVL. The pivotal role of Nrf2 activators in adipocyte biology. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105853. [PMID: 34455076 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is instrumental in maintaining metabolic homeostasis by regulating energy storage in the form of triglycerides. In the case of over-nutrition, adipocytes favorably regulate lipogenesis over lipolysis and accumulate excess triglycerides, resulting in increased adipose tissue mass. An abnormal increase in hypertrophic adipocytes is associated with chronic complications such as insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Experimental studies indicate the occurrence of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of obesity. A common underlying link between increasing adipose tissue mass and oxidative stress is the Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling, which plays an indispensable role in metabolic homeostasis by regulating oxidative and inflammatory responses. Additionally, Nrf2 also activates CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, (C/EBP-α), C/EBP-β and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) the crucial pro-adipogenic factors that promote de novo adipogenesis. Hence, at the forefront of research is the quest for prospecting novel compounds to modulate Nrf2 activity in the context of adipogenesis and obesity. This review summarizes the molecular mechanism behind the activation of the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling network and the role of Nrf2 activators in adipocyte pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Annie-Mathew
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramanian Prem-Santhosh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravichandran Jayasuriya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India; SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Goutham Ganesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India; SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India; SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - D V L Sarada
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Mu JK, Zi L, Li YQ, Yu LP, Cui ZG, Shi TT, Zhang F, Gu W, Hao JJ, Yu J, Yang XX. Jiuzhuan Huangjing Pills relieve mitochondrial dysfunction and attenuate high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112092. [PMID: 34449316 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a common global chronic liver disease. Jiuzhuan Huangjing Pills (JHP) have been used for the treatment of human disease for over a thousand years, but their efficacy and underlying mechanism(s) of action against MAFLD are unknown. We investigated the alleviating effects of JHP on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MAFLD. METHODS In vitro and in vivo methods were used to evaluate the effects of JHP on MAFLD. L02 adipocyte models were induced by fat emulsion and adipocytes were treated with JHP for 24 h. MAFLD rat models were induced by HFD-feeding and were intragastrically administered JHP for 12 weeks. Changes in fat accumulation, L02 cell damage, body weight, food intake, histological parameters, organ indexes, biochemical parameters, and mitochondrial indicators including ultrastructure, oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism were investigated. RESULTS JHP attenuated the increase in levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase levels, and significantly increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol. JHP up-regulated levels of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and down-regulated malondialdehyde (MDA). JHP afforded protection to the mitochondrial ultrastructure, and inhibited the HFD-induced increase in MDA and the reduction of SOD, GSH, ATP synthase, and complex I and II, in liver mitochondria. JHP regulated the expression of β-oxidation genes, including acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, cyl-CoA dehydrogenase long chain, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B, peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α and peroxide proliferator activated receptor α. CONCLUSION JHP alleviates HFD-induced MAFLD through the protection of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Kang Mu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lei Zi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yan-Qin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Li-Ping Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zheng-Guo Cui
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Fukui School of Medical Science, 23-3 Matsuoka Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji 910-1193, Japan
| | - Ting-Ting Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, The Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wen Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun-Jie Hao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Xing-Xin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China.
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Xu J, Cao K, Zhao L, Feng Z, Dong Z, Li J, Liu J. The effects and mechanisms of pomegranate in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND MODERN MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s2575900020300064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, is becoming epidemic both in developing and developed countries in recent years. Vegetable and fruit consumptions have been associated with the prevention of metabolic syndrome. Pomegranate is a widely consumed fruit in Middle East and Asia. Currently, accumulating data showed that pomegranate exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic activities in experimental and clinical studies. The beneficial effects of pomegranate may come from its rich polyphenols and be mediated by increasing the activity of AMPK, upregulating GLUT4, activating PPAR[Formula: see text]- ABCA1/CYP7A1 pathways and improving mitochondrial function. This review provides a systematical presentation of findings on the beneficial effects as well as the possible mechanisms of pomegranate and its major components on prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information, Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Ke Cao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information, Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information, Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information, Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhizhong Dong
- Nutrition & Health Research Institute, COFCO Corporation; Beijing Engineering, Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition & Foods and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Health and Food Safety, Beijing 102209, P. R. China
| | - Jianke Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, P. R. China
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information, Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
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Nadeem HR, Akhtar S, Ismail T, Sestili P, Lorenzo JM, Ranjha MMAN, Jooste L, Hano C, Aadil RM. Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Meat: Formation, Isolation, Risk Assessment, and Inhibitory Effect of Plant Extracts. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071466. [PMID: 34202792 PMCID: PMC8307633 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are potent carcinogenic compounds induced by the Maillard reaction in well-done cooked meats. Free amino acids, protein, creatinine, reducing sugars and nucleosides are major precursors involved in the production of polar and non-polar HAAs. The variety and yield of HAAs are linked with various factors such as meat type, heating time and temperature, cooking method and equipment, fresh meat storage time, raw material and additives, precursor’s presence, water activity, and pH level. For the isolation and identification of HAAs, advanced chromatography and spectroscopy techniques have been employed. These potent mutagens are the etiology of several types of human cancers at the ng/g level and are 100- to 2000-fold stronger than that of aflatoxins and benzopyrene, respectively. This review summarizes previous studies on the formation and types of potent mutagenic and/or carcinogenic HAAs in cooked meats. Furthermore, occurrence, risk assessment, and factors affecting HAA formation are discussed in detail. Additionally, sample extraction procedure and quantification techniques to determine these compounds are analyzed and described. Finally, an overview is presented on the promising strategy to mitigate the risk of HAAs by natural compounds and the effect of plant extracts containing antioxidants to reduce or inhibit the formation of these carcinogenic substances in cooked meats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Rehan Nadeem
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (H.R.N.); (T.I.)
| | - Saeed Akhtar
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (H.R.N.); (T.I.)
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (J.M.L.); (M.M.A.N.R.); (R.M.A.)
| | - Tariq Ismail
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (H.R.N.); (T.I.)
| | - Piero Sestili
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy;
| | - Jose Manuel Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia Nº 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (J.M.L.); (M.M.A.N.R.); (R.M.A.)
| | - Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz Ranjha
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (J.M.L.); (M.M.A.N.R.); (R.M.A.)
| | - Leonie Jooste
- Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Communication, Arts and Sciences, Canadian University Dubai, Dubai 117781, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328 Université ď Orléans, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France;
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (J.M.L.); (M.M.A.N.R.); (R.M.A.)
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Regulation of Mitochondrial Function by Natural Products for the Treatment of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 2021:5527315. [PMID: 34222135 PMCID: PMC8221858 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5527315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a multifactorial systemic disorder that occurs in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption. The disease is characterized by fatty degeneration and fat accumulation in liver parenchymal cells, the incidence of which is increasing annually, particularly in younger adults. MAFLD is caused by genetic and metabolism related disorders, of which mitochondrial dysfunction is the major contributor. Natural products can relieve MAFLD through restoring mitochondrial function. In this article, we describe the relationship between mitochondria and MAFLD and discuss the beneficial effects of natural products as a future anti-MAFLD strategy. Significance Statement. We herein propose that the development of mitochondrial regulators/nutrients from natural products can remedy mitochondrial dysfunction which represents an attractive strategy for the treatment of MAFLD. Furthermore, the mitochondrial regulation of natural products can provide new insight into the underlying mechanisms of action of natural products used for future MAFLD therapeutics.
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Cao K, Wang K, Yang M, Liu X, Lv W, Liu J. Punicalagin improves hepatic lipid metabolism via modulation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial biogenesis in hyperlipidemic mice. Food Funct 2021; 11:9624-9633. [PMID: 32975274 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01545h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is closely associated with various liver diseases, and effective intervention for prevention and treatment is in great need. Here, we aim to explore the protective effects of punicalagin (PU), a major ellagitannin in pomegranate, on acute hyperlipidemia-induced hepatic lipid metabolic disorders. Male C57bl/6J mice were pretreated with 50 or 200 mg kg-1 day-1 PU for 9 days before the injection of poloxamer 407 to induce acute hyperlipidemia. PU significantly lowered lipids and liver damage markers in serum, reduced excessive lipid accumulation in the liver, attenuated hepatic oxidative stress by activating the NF-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant pathway, and enhanced hepatic mitochondrial complex activities and mitochondrial DNA copy number by promoting the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α)-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis pathway. Moreover, the decreased mitochondrial fusion-related proteins were also restored by PU treatment. In vitro, PU effectively decreased triglycerides and total cholesterol levels, up-regulated Nrf2 and mitochondrial biogenesis pathways and partially restored the mitochondrial morphology in palmitic acid-treated HepG2 cells. These results suggest that PU could improve acute hyperlipidemia-induced hepatic lipid metabolic abnormalities via decreasing oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function both in vivo and in vitro, indicating that PU might be a potential intervention for hyperlipidemia-related liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.
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Ge S, Duo L, Wang J, Yang J, Li Z, Tu Y. A unique understanding of traditional medicine of pomegranate, Punica granatum L. and its current research status. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113877. [PMID: 33515685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pomegranate, Punica granatum L., has been used in traditional medicine in China and several regions of the world including Ayurveda, Islamic, and Persian for the treatment of atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and several types of cancer, as well as for peptic ulcer and oral diseases for hundreds of years. Presently, pomegranate is treated as both a "medicine food homology" herbal medicine and a healthy food supplemental product. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this work is to develop an overview of pomegranate in the context of the status of its traditional medicine theories, the spread along the Silk Road, ethnopharmacological uses, chemical compositions, pharmacological activities, toxicology, and the involved pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on P. granatum L. was acquired from published materials, including monographs on medicinal plants, ancient and modern recorded classical texts; and pharmacopoeias and electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CNKI, and Wanfang Data). RESULTS Pomegranate has been used in many traditional medical systems throughout history. It is widely cultivated in Central Asia and spread throughout China along the Silk Road. Many phytochemicals, such as tannins, organic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and volatile oils have been identified from different parts of pomegranate, these compounds have a wide range of activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-oncogenic properties, as well as conferring resistance to cerebrovascular disease. Furthermore, A summary of the four promising pharmacological pathways is provided. CONCLUSIONS The traditional uses, chemical compositions, pharmacological activities, and signaling pathways of pomegranate are summarized comprehensively in the review. It can be treated as a guidance for the future clinical and basic research. The information provided in this review will be very useful for further studies to develop novel therapeutic directions for application of pomegranate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Ge
- Medical Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China; Development Research Center of TCM, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Duo
- School of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Junqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jingfan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
| | - Ya Tu
- Medical Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China; Development Research Center of TCM, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China.
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Berkoz M, Yalin S, Yildirim M, Yalın A, Çömelekoğlu Ü. PUNICALAGIN AND PUNICALIN SUPPRESS THE ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION THROUGH THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2021; 17:157-167. [PMID: 34925563 PMCID: PMC8665253 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2021.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pomegranate is a rich source of many polyphenolic compounds including ellagitannins (punicalagin, punicalin and others). AIM The effects of punicalagin and punicalin on adipogenesis were investigated in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS To examine the effect of punicalagin and punicalin on adipocyte differentiation, various concentrations of punicalagin and punicalin (2-10 µM) were applied to differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity, Oil red O staining, intracellular triglyceride levels, and gene expressions of transcription factors (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins-α (C/EBPα), Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c)) and lipolysis-associated genes (hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), Perilipin A, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) were examined in order to investigate the effects of punicalagin and punicalin on adipocyte differentiation. RESULTS Punicalagin and punicalin applications caused a continuous decrease in cell size and intracellular triglyceride accumulation. GPDH activity and transcription gene expressions decreased significantly in groups that were applicated punicalagin and punicalin at high concentrations. Punicalagin, but not punicalin, down-regulated the expression of HSL and perilipin A and up-regulated the expression of TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, both punicalagin and punicalin were able to inhibit the adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Berkoz
- Yuzuncu Yil University - Department of Biochemistry, Van, Turkey
| | - S. Yalin
- Mersin University, Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Biochemistry, Mersin, Turkey
| | - M. Yildirim
- Tarsus University, Healthcare Vocational School - Pharmacy Services
Program, Tarsus, Turkey
| | - A.E. Yalın
- Mersin University, Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Biochemistry, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ü. Çömelekoğlu
- Mersin University, Faculty of Medicine - Department of Biophysics, Mersin, Turkey
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A comprehensive review on phytochemistry, bioactivity and medicinal value of bioactive compounds of pomegranate (Punica granatum). ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-021-00566-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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41
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Reguero M, Gómez de Cedrón M, Wagner S, Reglero G, Quintela JC, Ramírez de Molina A. Precision Nutrition to Activate Thermogenesis as a Complementary Approach to Target Obesity and Associated-Metabolic-Disorders. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040866. [PMID: 33670730 PMCID: PMC7922953 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Regarding the pandemic of obesity and chronic diseases associated to metabolic alterations that occur nowadays worldwide, here, we review the most recent studies related to bioactive compounds and diet derived ingredients with potential effects to augment the systemic energy expenditure. We specifically focus in two processes: the activation of thermogenesis in adipose tissue and the enhancement of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity in muscles. This may provide relevant information to develop diets and supplements to conduct nutritional intervention studies with the objective to ameliorate the metabolic and chronic inflammation in the course of obesity and related disorders. Abstract Obesity is associated to increased incidence and poorer prognosis in multiple cancers, contributing to up to 20% of cancer related deaths. These associations are mainly driven by metabolic and inflammatory changes in the adipose tissue during obesity, which disrupt the physiologic metabolic homeostasis. The association between obesity and hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is well known. Importantly, the retrospective analysis of more than 1000 epidemiological studies have also shown the positive correlation between the excess of fatness with the risk of cancer. In addition, more important than weight, it is the dysfunctional adipose tissue the main driver of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and all cause of mortality and cancer deaths, which also explains why normal weight individuals may behave as “metabolically unhealthy obese” individuals. Adipocytes also have direct effects on tumor cells through paracrine signaling. Downregulation of adiponectin and upregulation of leptin in serum correlate with markers of chronic inflammation, and crown like structures (CLS) associated to the adipose tissue disfunction. Nevertheless, obesity is a preventable risk factor in cancer. Lifestyle interventions might contribute to reduce the adverse effects of obesity. Thus, Mediterranean diet interventional studies have been shown to reduce to circulation inflammatory factors, insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular function, with durable responses of up to 2 years in obese patients. Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil reduced the incidence of breast cancer compared with a control diet. Physical activity is another important lifestyle factor which may also contribute to reduced systemic biomarkers of metabolic syndrome associated to obesity. In this scenario, precision nutrition may provide complementary approaches to target the metabolic inflammation associated to “unhealthy obesity”. Herein, we first describe the different types of adipose tissue -thermogenic active brown adipose tissue (BAT) versus the energy storing white adipose tissue (WAT). We then move on precision nutrition based strategies, by mean of natural extracts derived from plants and/or diet derived ingredients, which may be useful to normalize the metabolic inflammation associated to “unhealthy obesity”. More specifically, we focus on two axis: (1) the activation of thermogenesis in BAT and browning of WAT; (2) and the potential of augmenting the oxidative capacity of muscles to dissipate energy. These strategies may be particularly relevant as complementary approaches to alleviate obesity associated effects on chronic inflammation, immunosuppression, angiogenesis and chemotherapy resistance in cancer. Finally, we summarize main studies where plant derived extracts, mainly, polyphenols and flavonoids, have been applied to increase the energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Reguero
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- NATAC BIOTECH, Electronica 7, Alcorcón, 28923 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.)
| | - Sonia Wagner
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- Medicinal Gardens SL, Marqués de Urquijo 47, 28008 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Production and Characterization of Novel Foods Department, Institute of Food Science Research CIAL, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.)
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Luo C, Sun H, Peng J, Gao C, Bao L, Ji R, Zhang C, Zhu W, Jin Y. Rosmarinic acid exerts an antagonistic effect on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating the YAP1/TAZ-PPARγ/PGC-1α signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2021; 35:1010-1022. [PMID: 32914480 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a water-soluble phenolic compound extracted from Boraginaceae and Lamiaceae. This study was designed to investigate the role and mechanism of action of RA in improving nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Male SD rats maintained on a high fat diet and L02 cells stimulated with oleic acid were treated with RA. Our results showed that RA significantly reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and malondialdehyde levels and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, superoxide dismutase and adenosine triphosphate levels both in vivo and in vitro. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and oil red O staining showed that RA had a good lipid-lowering effect and substantial protective effects on liver injury. Transmission electron microscopy and JC-1 fluorescence results showed that RA could improve mitochondrial damage in hepatocytes. Additionally, flow cytometry results indicated that RA inhibited ROS generation and apoptosis in L02 cells. The impaired hepatocytes were restored by using RA in NAFLD models characterized by down-regulating YAP1 and TAZ, meanwhile up-regulating PPARγ and PGC-1α. When YAP1 was over-expressed, RA reduced the expression of YAP1; however, the action of RA was significantly blocked by silencing YAP1. The experimental results indicated that RA markedly alleviated NAFLD by repairing mitochondrial damage and regulating the YAP1/TAZ-PPARγ/PGC-1α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxu Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cong Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liuchi Bao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Renpeng Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenhan Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Liu H, Zhan Q, Miao X, Xia X, Yang G, Peng X, Yan C. Punicalagin Prevents Hepatic Steatosis through Improving Lipid Homeostasis and Inflammation in Liver and Adipose Tissue and Modulating Gut Microbiota in Western Diet-Fed Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001031. [PMID: 33369197 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Punicalagin (PU)-rich pomegranate peel extract has been shown before to exert protective effects against high fat-induced hepatic damage. The aim of this study is to explore whether and how PU antagonizes hepatic steatosis in Western diet-fed (WD) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice are fed either chow diet, WD (containing 42% fat, 15% protein, and 43% carbohydrates), or WD supplemented with PU (50 mg kg-1 body weight/day) for 13 weeks. Weight gain, hepatic fat content, and inflammation in the liver and adipose tissues are measured. Compared to the WD group, PU-treated mice have lower fat content, decreased levels of alanine transaminase, and inflammation in liver. PU also changed the transcriptional expression of important genes in fatty acid oxidation pathway and alleviated glucose intolerance. Furthermore, PU improved adiponectin signaling and lipid metabolism in visceral adipose tissue. Moreover, PU improved gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by WD and enhanced gut barrier function. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that PU improves hepatic steatosis induced by WD, in part through regulating lipid homeostasis and inflammation in liver and adipose tissue and restoring microbiota shift and impaired gut barrier function. Thus, PU can be potentially developed as a potential prevention strategy in combating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, China
| | - Qiuyao Zhan
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518083, China
| | - Xin Miao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, China
| | - Gaoji Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoli Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chunhong Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, China
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Clementi ME, Maulucci G, Bianchetti G, Pizzoferrato M, Sampaolese B, Tringali G. Cytoprotective Effects of Punicalagin on Hydrogen-Peroxide-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020192. [PMID: 33572785 PMCID: PMC7911437 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a densely pigmented, monostratified epithelium that provides metabolic and functional support to the outer segments of photoreceptors. Endogenous or exogenous oxidative stimuli determine a switch from physiological to pathological conditions, characterized by an increase of intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accumulating evidence has elucidated that punicalagin (PUN), the major ellagitannin in pomegranate, is a potent antioxidant in several cell types. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of PUN on mitochondrial dysfunction associated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress. For this purpose, we used a human RPE cell line (ARPE-19) exposed to H2O2 for 24 h. The effects of PUN pre-treatment (24 h) were examined on cell viability, mitochondrial ROS levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, and respiratory chain complexes, then finally on caspase-3 enzymatic activity. The results showed that supplementation with PUN: (a) significantly increased cell viability; (b) kept the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) at healthy levels and limited ROS production; (c) preserved the activity of respiratory complexes; (d) reduced caspase-3 activity. In conclusion, due to its activity in helping mitochondrial functions, reducing oxidative stress, and subsequent induction of cellular apoptosis, PUN might be considered a useful nutraceutical agent in the treatment of oxidation-associated disorders of RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisabetta Clementi
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.E.C.); (G.T.); Tel.: +39-063-015-4215 (M.E.C.); +39-063-015-4367 (G.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Maulucci
- Biophysics Section, Neuroscience Department, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.B.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giada Bianchetti
- Biophysics Section, Neuroscience Department, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.B.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Michela Pizzoferrato
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Health Care Surveillance and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Sampaolese
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Tringali
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Health Care Surveillance and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.E.C.); (G.T.); Tel.: +39-063-015-4215 (M.E.C.); +39-063-015-4367 (G.T.)
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He Y, Jiang J, He B, Shi Z. Chemical Activators of the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20987095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is paralleling the insulin resistance and obesity epidemic and is regarded as liver metabolic syndrome, and its prevalence rate is increasing rapidly. The best explanation for the occurrence and development of NAFLD is the “multiple hit” hypothesis instead of the “two-hit” hypothesis. At present, NAFLD therapies are limited. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway is a key pathway in oxidative stress. Its downstream proteins/enzymes are regulated. Metabolic enzymes and antioxidant proteins/enzymes play a vital role in cell defense protection and have attracted attention in the field of antioxidant research in recent years. This paper summarizes the regulatory mechanism of the Nrf2 signaling pathway and the research progress of Nrf2 activators in NAFLD to provide guidance for NAFLD therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua He
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Beihui He
- Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang International Exchange Center of Clinical Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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Pfohl M, DaSilva NA, Marques E, Agudelo J, Liu C, Goedken M, Slitt AL, Seeram NP, Ma H. Hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of a standardized pomegranate ( Punica granatum) fruit extract in high fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 72:499-510. [PMID: 33203257 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1849041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diets rich in fats are linked to elevated systemic inflammation, which augments the progression of inflammatory-related disorders including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and neurodegenerative diseases. A phenolic-enriched pomegranate fruit extract (PE) was investigated for its hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in male C57BL/6 mice fed either a high-fat diet or a standard rodent diet with or without 1% of PE for 12 weeks. Mouse livers and hippocampi were evaluated for the expression of genes associated with NAFLD and inflammation by multiplexed gene analysis. PE alleviated diet-induced fatty liver and suppressed hepatic lipid regulating genes including Cd36, Fas, Acot2 and Slc27a1. In addition, PE suppressed gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including Il-1α, Il-7, Il-11, Ifnα, Tnfα and Lepr in the hippocampi. Our findings support the protective effects of PE against high-fat diet-induced hepatic and neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Pfohl
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Nicholas A DaSilva
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Emily Marques
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Juliana Agudelo
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Angela L Slitt
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Navindra P Seeram
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Hang Ma
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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47
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Hu Y, Yin F, Liu Z, Xie H, Xu Y, Zhou D, Zhu B. Acerola polysaccharides ameliorate high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through reduction of lipogenesis and improvement of mitochondrial functions in mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:1037-1048. [PMID: 31819934 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01611b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Acerola polysaccharides (ACPs) were purified from acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.), a tropical fruit with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the biological activities of ACPs have barely been investigated. The present study was designed to investigate the efficacy of ACPs in the treatment of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in C57BL/6 mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a high-fat diet and treated with different doses of ACPs for 9 continuous weeks. NAFLD was examined in terms of body weight, lipid profiles, liver function markers, and histology. Gene expression was determined by using both qRT-PCR and western blot. Our results showed that administration of ACPs significantly reduced HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and hepatic lipid deposition by inhibiting the SREBP1c pathway in mice. ACP treatment normalized oxidative stress by activating nuclear factor (erythroid-derived-2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and reduced the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in HFD fed mice. Furthermore, ACPs reduced uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) expression, restored mitochondrial ATP content, increased mitochondrial complex I, IV, and V activity, and increased mitochondrial beta-oxidation by stimulating peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in the liver of HFD-fed mice. Our study indicated that ACPs may be an effective dietary supplement for preventing HFD-induced NAFLD by regulating lipogenesis, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, and promoting the mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Hu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, PR China.
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48
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Dornas W, Schuppan D. Mitochondrial oxidative injury: a key player in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G400-G411. [PMID: 32597705 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00121.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most prevalent liver disease worldwide. NAFLD is tightly linked to the metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress. Globally, its inflammatory form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), has become the main cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality, mainly due to liver cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. One hallmark of NASH is the presence of changes in mitochondrial morphology and function that are accompanied by a blocked flow of electrons in the respiratory chain, which increases formation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in a self-perpetuating vicious cycle. Consequences are oxidation of DNA bases and mitochondrial DNA depletion that are coupled with genetic and acquired mitochondrial DNA mutations, all impairing the resynthesis of respiratory chain polypeptides. In general, several maladaptations of pathways that usually maintain energy homeostasis occur with the early and late excess metabolic stress in NAFLD and NASH. We discuss the interplay between hepatocyte mitochondrial stress and inflammatory responses, focusing primarily on events initiated and maintained by mitochondrial free radical-induced damage in NAFLD. Importantly, mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction are modulated by key pharmacological targets that are related to excess production of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial turnover and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. However, the efficacy of such interventions depends on NAFLD/NASH disease stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleska Dornas
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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49
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Remedying the Mitochondria to Cure Human Diseases by Natural Products. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5232614. [PMID: 32733635 PMCID: PMC7376439 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5232614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the ‘engine' of cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important mechanism in many human diseases. Many natural products could remedy the mitochondria to alleviate mitochondria-involved diseases. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of the relationship between the mitochondria and human diseases and the regulation of natural products to the mitochondria. We proposed that the development of mitochondrial regulators/nutrients from natural products to remedy mitochondrial dysfunction represents an attractive strategy for a mitochondria-involved disorder therapy. Moreover, investigating the mitochondrial regulation of natural products can potentiate the in-depth comprehension of the mechanism of action of natural products.
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50
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Foroutanfar A, Mehri S, Kamyar M, Tandisehpanah Z, Hosseinzadeh H. Protective effect of punicalagin, the main polyphenol compound of pomegranate, against acrylamide‐induced neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats. Phytother Res 2020; 34:3262-3272. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Foroutanfar
- School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Marzyeh Kamyar
- School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | | | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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