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Zhu J, Park S, Kim SH, Kim CH, Jeong KH, Kim WJ. Sirtuin 3 regulates astrocyte activation by reducing Notch1 signaling after status epilepticus. Glia 2024; 72:1136-1149. [PMID: 38406970 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Sirtuin3 (Sirt3) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide enzyme that contributes to aging, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have reported that Sirt3 exerts anti-inflammatory effects in several neuropathophysiological disorders. As epilepsy is a common neurological disease, in the present study, we investigated the role of Sirt3 in astrocyte activation and inflammatory processes after epileptic seizures. We found the elevated expression of Sirt3 within reactive astrocytes as well as in the surrounding cells in the hippocampus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and a mouse model of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE). The upregulation of Sirt3 by treatment with adjudin, a potential Sirt3 activator, alleviated SE-induced astrocyte activation; whereas, Sirt3 deficiency exacerbated astrocyte activation in the hippocampus after SE. In addition, our results showed that Sirt3 upregulation attenuated the activation of Notch1 signaling, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity, and the production of interleukin-1β (IL1β) in the hippocampus after SE. By contrast, Sirt3 deficiency enhanced the activity of Notch1/NF-κB signaling and the production of IL1β. These findings suggest that Sirt3 regulates astrocyte activation by affecting the Notch1/NF-κB signaling pathway, which contributes to the inflammatory response after SE. Therefore, therapies targeting Sirt3 may be a worthy direction for limiting inflammatory responses following epileptic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Park
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 Project, Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Hoon Jeong
- Epilepsy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Guo X, Wang J, Wu Y, Zhu X, Xu L. Renal aging and mitochondrial quality control. Biogerontology 2024; 25:399-414. [PMID: 38349436 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that participate in different cellular process that control metabolism, cell division, and survival, and the kidney is one of the most metabolically active organs that contains abundant mitochondria. Perturbations in mitochondrial homeostasis in the kidney can accelerate kidney aging, and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis can effectively delay aging in the kidney. Kidney aging is a degenerative process linked to detrimental processes. The significance of aberrant mitochondrial homeostasis in renal aging has received increasing attention. However, the contribution of mitochondrial quality control (MQC) to renal aging has not been reviewed in detail. Here, we generalize the current factors contributing to renal aging, review the alterations in MQC during renal injury and aging, and analyze the relationship between mitochondria and intrinsic renal cells. We also introduce MQC in the context of renal aging, and discuss the study of mitochondria in the intrinsic cells of the kidney, which is the innovation of our paper. In addition, during kidney injury and repair, the specific functions and regulatory mechanisms of MQC systems in resident and circulating cell types remain unclear. Currently, most of the studies we reviewed are based on animal and cellular models, the relationship between renal tissue aging and mitochondria has not been adequately investigated in clinical studies, and there is still a long way to go.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Guo
- Department of Laboratory, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yinjie Wu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinwang Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Kobroob A, Kumfu S, Chattipakorn N, Wongmekiat O. Modulation of Sirtuin 3 by N-Acetylcysteine Preserves Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation and Restores Bisphenol A-Induced Kidney Damage in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Rats. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4935-4950. [PMID: 38785564 PMCID: PMC11119914 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and high-fat diets (HFD) are known to adversely affect the kidneys. However, the combined effects of both cases on kidney health and the potential benefits of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in mitigating these effects have not been investigated. To explore these aspects, male Wistar rats were fed with HFD and allocated to receive a vehicle or BPA. At week twelve, the BPA-exposed rats were subdivided to receive a vehicle or NAC along with BPA until week sixteen. Rats fed HFD and exposed to BPA showed renal dysfunction and structural abnormalities, oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, with alterations in key proteins related to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), bioenergetics, oxidative balance, dynamics, apoptosis, and inflammation. Treatment with NAC for 4 weeks significantly improved these conditions. The findings suggest that NAC is beneficial in protecting renal deterioration brought on by prolonged exposure to BPA in combination with HFD, and modulation of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) signaling by NAC appears to play a key role in the preservation of homeostasis and integrity within the mitochondria by enhancing OXPHOS activity, maintaining redox balance, and reducing inflammation. This study provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies for preserving kidney health in the face of environmental and dietary challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anongporn Kobroob
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand;
| | - Sirinart Kumfu
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (N.C.)
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (N.C.)
| | - Orawan Wongmekiat
- Integrative Renal Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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4
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Perico L, Remuzzi G, Benigni A. Sirtuins in kidney health and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:313-329. [PMID: 38321168 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are putative regulators of lifespan in model organisms. Since the initial discovery that SIRTs could promote longevity in nematodes and flies, the identification of additional properties of these proteins has led to understanding of their roles as exquisite sensors that link metabolic activity to oxidative states. SIRTs have major roles in biological processes that are important in kidney development and physiological functions, including mitochondrial metabolism, oxidative stress, autophagy, DNA repair and inflammation. Furthermore, altered SIRT activity has been implicated in the pathophysiology and progression of acute and chronic kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury, diabetic kidney disease, chronic kidney disease, polycystic kidney disease, autoimmune diseases and renal ageing. The renoprotective roles of SIRTs in these diseases make them attractive therapeutic targets. A number of SIRT-activating compounds have shown beneficial effects in kidney disease models; however, further research is needed to identify novel SIRT-targeting strategies with the potential to treat and/or prevent the progression of kidney diseases and increase the average human healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Perico
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Ariela Benigni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy.
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Hahm JH, Nirmala FS, Ha TY, Ahn J. Nutritional approaches targeting mitochondria for the prevention of sarcopenia. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:676-694. [PMID: 37475189 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A decline in function and loss of mass, a condition known as sarcopenia, is observed in the skeletal muscles with aging. Sarcopenia has a negative effect on the quality of life of elderly. Individuals with sarcopenia are at particular risk for adverse outcomes, such as reduced mobility, fall-related injuries, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although the pathogenesis of sarcopenia is multifaceted, mitochondrial dysfunction is regarded as a major contributor for muscle aging. Hence, the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies to improve mitochondrial function during aging is imperative for sarcopenia treatment. However, effective and specific drugs that can be used for the treatment are not yet approved. Instead studies on the relationship between food intake and muscle aging have suggested that nutritional intake or dietary control could be an alternative approach for the amelioration of muscle aging. This narrative review approaches various nutritional components and diets as a treatment for sarcopenia by modulating mitochondrial homeostasis and improving mitochondria. Age-related changes in mitochondrial function and the molecular mechanisms that help improve mitochondrial homeostasis are discussed, and the nutritional components and diet that modulate these molecular mechanisms are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hoon Hahm
- Research Group of Aging and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Farida S Nirmala
- Research Group of Aging and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon-si, South Korea
| | - Tae Youl Ha
- Research Group of Aging and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon-si, South Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Research Group of Aging and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon-si, South Korea
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Chang LY, Chao YL, Chiu CC, Chen PL, Lin HYH. Mitochondrial Signaling, the Mechanisms of AKI-to-CKD Transition and Potential Treatment Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1518. [PMID: 38338797 PMCID: PMC10855342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is increasing in prevalence and causes a global health burden. AKI is associated with significant mortality and can subsequently develop into chronic kidney disease (CKD). The kidney is one of the most energy-demanding organs in the human body and has a role in active solute transport, maintenance of electrochemical gradients, and regulation of fluid balance. Renal proximal tubular cells (PTCs) are the primary segment to reabsorb and secrete various solutes and take part in AKI initiation. Mitochondria, which are enriched in PTCs, are the main source of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cells as generated through oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial dysfunction may result in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, impaired biogenesis, oxidative stress multiplication, and ultimately leading to cell death. Even though mitochondrial damage and malfunction have been observed in both human kidney disease and animal models of AKI and CKD, the mechanism of mitochondrial signaling in PTC for AKI-to-CKD transition remains unknown. We review the recent findings of the development of AKI-to-CKD transition with a focus on mitochondrial disorders in PTCs. We propose that mitochondrial signaling is a key mechanism of the progression of AKI to CKD and potential targeting for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yun Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Yu-Lin Chao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Phang-Lang Chen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Hugo Y.-H. Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.C.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Pezzotta A, Perico L, Corna D, Morigi M, Remuzzi G, Benigni A, Imberti B. Sirt3 deficiency promotes endothelial dysfunction and aggravates renal injury. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291909. [PMID: 37816025 PMCID: PMC10564163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), the main deacetylase of mitochondria, modulates the acetylation levels of substrates governing metabolism and oxidative stress. In the kidney, we showed that SIRT3 affects the proper functioning of high energy-demanding cells, such as tubular cells and podocytes. Less is known about the role of SIRT3 in regulating endothelial cell function and its impact on the progression of kidney disease. Here, we found that whole body Sirt3-deficient mice exhibited reduced renal capillary density, reflecting endothelial dysfunction, and VEGFA expression compared to wild-type mice. This was paralleled by activation of hypoxia signaling, upregulation of HIF-1α and Angiopietin-2, and oxidative stress increase. These alterations did not result in kidney disease. However, when Sirt3-deficient mice were exposed to the nephrotoxic stimulus Adriamycin (ADR) they developed aggravated endothelial rarefaction, altered VEGFA signaling, and higher oxidative stress compared to wild-type mice receiving ADR. As a result, ADR-treated Sirt3-deficient mice experienced a more severe injury with exacerbated albuminuria, podocyte loss and fibrotic lesions. These data suggest that SIRT3 is a crucial regulator of renal vascular homeostasis and its dysregulation is a predisposing factor for kidney disease. By extension, our findings indicate SIRT3 as a pharmacologic target in progressive renal disease whose treatments are still imperfect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pezzotta
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Luca Perico
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Daniela Corna
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Marina Morigi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Ariela Benigni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Barbara Imberti
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
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Ahmadian E, Eftekhari A, Atakishizada S, Valiyeva M, Ardalan M, Khalilov R, Kavetskyy T. Podocytopathy: The role of actin cytoskeleton. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Wang M, Pang Y, Guo Y, Tian L, Liu Y, Shen C, Liu M, Meng Y, Cai Z, Wang Y, Zhao W. Metabolic reprogramming: A novel therapeutic target in diabetic kidney disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:970601. [PMID: 36120335 PMCID: PMC9479190 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.970601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. However, the pathological mechanisms contributing to DKD are multifactorial and poorly understood. Diabetes is characterized by metabolic disorders that can bring about a series of changes in energy metabolism. As the most energy-consuming organs secondary only to the heart, the kidneys must maintain energy homeostasis. Aberrations in energy metabolism can lead to cellular dysfunction or even death. Metabolic reprogramming, a shift from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis and its side branches, is thought to play a critical role in the development and progression of DKD. This review focuses on the current knowledge about metabolic reprogramming and the role it plays in DKD development. The underlying etiologies, pathological damages in the involved cells, and potential molecular regulators of metabolic alterations are also discussed. Understanding the role of metabolic reprogramming in DKD may provide novel therapeutic approaches to delay its progression to end-stage renal disease.
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Combination of Perindopril Erbumine and Huangqi-Danshen Decoction Protects Against Chronic Kidney Disease via Sirtuin3/Mitochondrial Dynamics Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5812105. [PMID: 35677375 PMCID: PMC9170396 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5812105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide. Treatment with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors can achieve only partial efficacy on renal function decline and renal fibrosis in CKD patients. Huangqi-Danshen decoction (HDD) is a basic Chinese herbal pair which is commonly used to treat CKD with good efficacy. Objectives The current study aimed to investigate the effect of perindopril erbumine (PE), an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, combined with HDD on adenine-induced CKD rat model and explore the possible mechanism from Sirtuin3/mitochondrial dynamics pathway. Method CKD rat model was established by feeding of 0.75% w/w adenine containing diet for 3 weeks. At the same time, the treatment groups were given PE (0.42 mg/kg/d) or HDD (4.7 g/kg/d) or PE combined with HDD by gavage for 4 weeks. Renal function was evaluated by the levels of serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The renal pathological injury was observed by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson's trichrome staining. Proteins expression was determined by Western blot analysis. Mitochondrial morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results PE in combination with HDD significantly improved renal function, reduced tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis in adenine-induced CKD rats. Moreover, PE + HDD treatment mainly activated the Sirtuin3 expression level. In addition, PE + HDD exhibited bidirectional regulation on mitochondrial dynamics by suppressing mitochondrial fission protein dynaminrelated protein 1 expression and elevating mitochondrial fusion protein optic atrophy 1 expression, resulted in restraint of mitochondrial fragmentation. Conclusion The combination of PE and HDD attenuated adenine-induced CKD in rats, which was possibly associated with Sirtuin3/mitochondrial dynamics pathway.
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Cao M, Zhao Q, Sun X, Qian H, Lyu S, Chen R, Xia H, Yuan W. Sirtuin 3: Emerging therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 180:63-74. [PMID: 35031448 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acetylation is one of the most important methods of modification that lead to a change in the function of proteins. In humans, metabolic enzymes commonly undergo acetylation, which regulates the activities of metabolic enzymes and metabolic pathways. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a prominent deacetylase that participates in mitochondrial metabolism, redox balance, and mitochondrial dynamics by regulating mitochondrial protein acetylation, thereby protecting mitochondria from damage. Normal mitochondrial function is essential for maintaining the metabolism and function of the heart. Therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction caused by SIRT3 consumption and defects leads to the development of a variety of cardiovascular diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the role of SIRT3 in cardiovascular disease is critical for developing new therapeutic strategies. Herein, we summarize the function of SIRT3 in mitochondria, the complex mechanisms mediating cardiovascular diseases, and the potential value of SIRT3 small-molecule agonists in future clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | - Qianru Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | - Xia Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | - Han Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | - Shumei Lyu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | - Hao Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China.
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Cheng L, Yang X, Jian Y, Liu J, Ke X, Chen S, Yang D, Yang D. SIRT3 deficiency exacerbates early-stage fibrosis after ischaemia-reperfusion-induced AKI. Cell Signal 2022; 93:110284. [PMID: 35182747 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a crucial regulator of mitochondrial function and is associated with injury and repair in acute kidney injury (AKI). To investigate whether mitochondrial damage and early renal fibrosis are associated with decreased renal SIRT3 levels, we established an in vivo model. METHODS In vivo, we established ischaemia-reperfusion-induced AKI (IR-AKI) models in wild-type (WT) and SIRT3-knockout (SIRT3-KO) mice. Serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured by an automatic biochemical analyser, and renal pathological changes were examined by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Renal fibrosis in mice was assessed by Masson's trichrome staining. The expression of SIRT3, renal fibrosis-related markers (FN and α-SMA), and mitochondrial markers (DRP1, FIS1, OPA1, and MFN1) was measured by Western blotting. Morphological changes in mitochondria in renal tubular epithelial cells were analysed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS The levels of Scr and BUN were elevated with severe renal pathological damage in the IR-AKI model, especially in SIRT3-KO mice. In the IR-AKI model, the obvious increases in FN and α-SMA protein levels suggested that there was severe fibrosis in the kidney tissue, OPA1 and MFN1 protein levels were reduced while DRP1 and FIS1 protein levels were greatly increased. TEM photomicrographs showed that mitochondrial fragmentation was increased in the renal tubular epithelial cells of mice with IR injury. SIRT3-KO mice exhibited exacerbated changes. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that SIRT3 plays a significant role in early-stage fibrosis after IR-AKI by regulating mitochondrial dynamics and that SIRT3 deficiency exacerbates renal dysfunction and renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, No. 99 Zhangzhidong Road (formerly Ziyang Road), Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Xueyan Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, No. 99 Zhangzhidong Road (formerly Ziyang Road), Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Yonghong Jian
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, No. 99 Zhangzhidong Road (formerly Ziyang Road), Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Jianghan District, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Xinyu Ke
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, No. 99 Zhangzhidong Road (formerly Ziyang Road), Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Sha Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Hospital, No. 406 Jiefang South Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Dingwei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Hospital, No. 406 Jiefang South Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, China.
| | - Dingping Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, No. 99 Zhangzhidong Road (formerly Ziyang Road), Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China.
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Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen formula enhances perindopril inhibition of chronic kidney disease progression by activation of SIRT3, modulation of mitochondrial dynamics, and antioxidant effects. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229914. [PMID: 34633033 PMCID: PMC8536834 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem. Renin–angiotensin system (RAS) blockade is the mainstay of CKD therapy with limitations. Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen formula (JPYSF) is a traditional herbal decoction and has been used for treating CKD for decades. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the intervention effects of combined used of perindopril erbumine (PE) and JPYSF on CKD progression and explore their underlying mechanisms. CKD rat model was induced by feeding a diet containing 0.75% w/w adenine for 3 weeks. CKD rats were treated with PE or JPYSF or PE+JPYSF from the induction of CKD and lasted 4 weeks. Renal function was evaluated by serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Pathological lesions were observed by Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) and Masson’s trichrome staining. The protein expression was tested by Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. The morphology of mitochondria was observed by transmission electron microscope. The results showed that combined used of PE and JPYSF could better improve renal function and pathological lesions and ameliorate renal fibrosis in CKD rats. Administration of PE and JPYSF enhanced sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) expression, inhibited mitochondrial fission, promoted mitochondrial fusion, and suppressed oxidative stress in the kidney of CKD rats. In conclusion, combined use of PE and JPYSF protected against CKD more effectively than either alone. The underlying mechanism may be associated with activation of SIRT3, modulation of mitochondrial dynamics, and antioxidant effects.
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Zhang Y, Wen P, Luo J, Ding H, Cao H, He W, Zen K, Zhou Y, Yang J, Jiang L. Sirtuin 3 regulates mitochondrial protein acetylation and metabolism in tubular epithelial cells during renal fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:847. [PMID: 34518519 PMCID: PMC8437958 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proximal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) demand high energy and rely on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation as the main energy source. However, this is disturbed in renal fibrosis. Acetylation is an important post-translational modification for mitochondrial metabolism. The mitochondrial protein NAD+-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) regulates mitochondrial metabolic function. Therefore, we aimed to identify the changes in the acetylome in tubules from fibrotic kidneys and determine their association with mitochondria. We found that decreased SIRT3 expression was accompanied by increased acetylation in mitochondria that have separated from TECs during the early phase of renal fibrosis. Sirt3 knockout mice were susceptible to hyper-acetylated mitochondrial proteins and to severe renal fibrosis. The activation of SIRT3 by honokiol ameliorated acetylation and prevented renal fibrosis. Analysis of the acetylome in separated tubules using LC-MS/MS showed that most kidney proteins were hyper-acetylated after unilateral ureteral obstruction. The increased acetylated proteins with 26.76% were mitochondrial proteins which were mapped to a broad range of mitochondrial pathways including fatty acid β-oxidation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation. Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α (PDHE1α), which is the primary link between glycolysis and the TCA cycle, was hyper-acetylated at lysine 385 in TECs after TGF-β1 stimulation and was regulated by SIRT3. Our findings showed that mitochondrial proteins involved in regulating energy metabolism were acetylated and targeted by SIRT3 in TECs. The deacetylation of PDHE1α by SIRT3 at lysine 385 plays a key role in metabolic reprogramming associated with renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Center for Kidney Disease, The second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Ping Wen
- Center for Kidney Disease, The second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Center for Kidney Disease, The second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Center for Kidney Disease, The second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Hongdi Cao
- Center for Kidney Disease, The second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Weichun He
- Center for Kidney Disease, The second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Ke Zen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University Advanced Institute of Life Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Center for Kidney Disease, The second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China.
| | - Junwei Yang
- Center for Kidney Disease, The second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China.
| | - Lei Jiang
- Center for Kidney Disease, The second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China.
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15
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Wongmekiat O, Lailerd N, Kobroob A, Peerapanyasut W. Protective Effects of Purple Rice Husk against Diabetic Nephropathy by Modulating PGC-1α/SIRT3/SOD2 Signaling and Maintaining Mitochondrial Redox Equilibrium in Rats. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081224. [PMID: 34439892 PMCID: PMC8392712 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the primary cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are central to its pathogenesis. Rice husk, the leftover from the milling process, is a good source of phytochemicals with antioxidant activity. This study evaluated the possible protection of purple rice husk extract (PRHE) against diabetic kidney injury. Type 2 diabetic rats were given vehicle, PRHE, metformin, and PRHE+metformin, respectively, while nondiabetic rats received vehicle. After 12 weeks, diabetic rats developed nephropathy as proven by metabolic alterations (increased blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, cholesterol) and renal abnormalities (podocyte injury, microalbuminuria, increased serum creatinine, decreased creatinine clearance). Treatment with PRHE, metformin, or combination diminished these changes, improved mitochondrial function (decreased mitochondrial swelling, reactive oxygen species production, membrane potential changes), and reduced renal oxidative damage (decreased lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidants). Increased expression of PGC-1α, SIRT3, and SOD2 and decreased expression of Ac-SOD2 correlated with the beneficial outcomes. HPLC revealed protocatechuic acid and cyanidin-3-glucoside as the key components of PRHE. The findings indicate that PRHE effectively protects against the development of DN by retaining mitochondrial redox equilibrium via the regulation of PGC-1α-SIRT3-SOD2 signaling. This study creates an opportunity to develop this agricultural waste into a useful health product for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orawan Wongmekiat
- Renal Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-53-935362
| | - Narissara Lailerd
- Nutrition and Exercise Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Anongporn Kobroob
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Science, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand;
| | - Wachirasek Peerapanyasut
- Renal Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
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16
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Li Q, Xing C, Yuan Y. Mitochondrial Targeting of Herbal Medicine in Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:632388. [PMID: 34122064 PMCID: PMC8188236 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.632388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common progressive disease that is typically characterized by the permanent loss of nephrons and an eventual decline in glomerular filtration rate. CKD increases mortality and has a significant impact on the quality of life and the economy, which is becoming a major public health issue worldwide. Since current conventional-medicine treatment options for CKD are not satisfactory, many patients seek complementary and alternative medicine treatments including Traditional Chinese Medicine. Herbal medicine is often used to relieve symptoms of renal diseases in the clinic. The kidney is abundant in the number of mitochondria, which provide enough energy for renal function and metabolism. In recent years, a vital role for mitochondrial dysfunction has been suggested in CKD. Mitochondria have become a new target for the treatment of diseases. A growing number of studies have demonstrated herbal medicine could restore mitochondrial function and alleviate renal injury both in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we sum up the therapeutic effect of herbal medicine in CKD via targeting mitochondrial function. This implies future strategies in preventing CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changying Xing
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanggang Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Kobroob A, Peerapanyasut W, Kumfu S, Chattipakorn N, Wongmekiat O. Effectiveness of N-Acetylcysteine in the Treatment of Renal Deterioration Caused by Long-Term Exposure to Bisphenol A. Biomolecules 2021; 11:655. [PMID: 33946939 PMCID: PMC8145636 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human health hazards caused by bisphenol A (BPA), a precursor for epoxy resins and polycarbonate-based plastics, are well documented and are closely associated with mitochondrial impairment and oxidative imbalance. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on renal deterioration caused by long-term BPA exposure and examine the signaling transduction pathway involved. Male Wistar rats were given vehicle or BPA orally for 12 weeks then the BPA-treated group was subdivided to receive vehicle or NAC concurrently with BPA for a further 4 weeks, while the vehicle-treated normal control group continued to receive vehicle through to the end of experiment. Proteinuria, azotemia, glomerular filtration reduction and histopathological abnormalities caused by chronic BPA exposure were significantly reduced following NAC therapy. NAC also diminished nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation but enhanced renal glutathione levels, and counteracted BPA-induced mitochondrial swelling, increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. The benefit of NAC was related to the modulation of signaling proteins in the AMPK-SIRT3-SOD2 axis. The present study shows the potential of NAC to restore mitochondrial integrity and oxidative balance after long-term BPA exposure, and suggests that NAC therapy is an effective approach to tackle renal deterioration in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anongporn Kobroob
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand;
| | - Wachirasek Peerapanyasut
- Renal Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Sirinart Kumfu
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (N.C.)
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (N.C.)
| | - Orawan Wongmekiat
- Renal Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
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18
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Tribble JR, Otmani A, Sun S, Ellis SA, Cimaglia G, Vohra R, Jöe M, Lardner E, Venkataraman AP, Domínguez-Vicent A, Kokkali E, Rho S, Jóhannesson G, Burgess RW, Fuerst PG, Brautaset R, Kolko M, Morgan JE, Crowston JG, Votruba M, Williams PA. Nicotinamide provides neuroprotection in glaucoma by protecting against mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction. Redox Biol 2021; 43:101988. [PMID: 33932867 PMCID: PMC8103000 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a REDOX cofactor and metabolite essential for neuronal survival. Glaucoma is a common neurodegenerative disease in which neuronal levels of NAD decline. We assess the effects of nicotinamide (a precursor to NAD) on retinal ganglion cells (the affected neuron in glaucoma) in normal physiological conditions and across a range of glaucoma relevant insults including mitochondrial stress and axon degenerative insults. We demonstrate retinal ganglion cell somal, axonal, and dendritic neuroprotection by nicotinamide in rodent models which represent isolated ocular hypertensive, axon degenerative, and mitochondrial degenerative insults. We performed metabolomics enriched for small molecular weight metabolites for the retina, optic nerve, and superior colliculus which demonstrates that ocular hypertension induces widespread metabolic disruption, including consistent changes to α-ketoglutaric acid, creatine/creatinine, homocysteine, and glycerophosphocholine. This metabolic disruption is prevented by nicotinamide. Nicotinamide provides further neuroprotective effects by increasing oxidative phosphorylation, buffering and preventing metabolic stress, and increasing mitochondrial size and motility whilst simultaneously dampening action potential firing frequency. These data support continued determination of the utility of long-term nicotinamide treatment as a neuroprotective therapy for human glaucoma. Nicotinamide is neuroprotective in cell and animal models that recapitulate isolated features of glaucoma. Systemic nicotinamide administration has limited molecular side-effects on visual system tissue under basal conditions. Nicotinamide provides a robust reversal in the disease metabolic profile of glaucomatous animals. Nicotinamide increases oxidative phosphorylation, buffers and prevents metabolic stress, and increases mitochondrial size.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Tribble
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Amin Otmani
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Shanshan Sun
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Sevannah A Ellis
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Gloria Cimaglia
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Rupali Vohra
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pathobiological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Eye Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Melissa Jöe
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Emma Lardner
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Abinaya P Venkataraman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Alberto Domínguez-Vicent
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Eirini Kokkali
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Seungsoo Rho
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gauti Jóhannesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre of Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | - Peter G Fuerst
- WWAMI Medical Education Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA.
| | - Rune Brautaset
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Miriam Kolko
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Eye Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark.
| | - James E Morgan
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital Wales, Cardiff, UK; School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Jonathan G Crowston
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Vision Research, Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Marcela Votruba
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital Wales, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Pete A Williams
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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19
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Xie M, Cheng M, Wang B, Jiao M, Yu L, Zhu H. 2-Bromopalmitate attenuates inflammatory pain by maintaining mitochondrial fission/fusion balance and function. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:72-84. [PMID: 33253369 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory pain activates astrocytes and increases inflammatory cytokine release in the spinal cord. Mitochondrial fusion and fission rely on the functions of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), which are essential for the synaptic transmission and plasticity. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effects of 2-bromopalmitate (2-BP), an inhibitor of protein palmitoylation, on the modulation of pain behavior. Rats were intraplantar injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) to establish an inflammatory pain model. In the spinal cord of rats with CFA-induced inflammatory pain, the expression of astrocyte-specific glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and contents of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α were increased. Mitochondrial Drp1 was increased, while OPA1 was decreased. Consequently, CFA induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) expression. The intrathecal administration of 2-BP significantly reversed the pain behaviors of the inflammatory pain in rats. Moreover, 2-BP also reduced the Drp1 expression, elevated the OPA1 expression, and further reduced the GFAP, IL-1β, and TNF-α expression and ROS production. Furthermore, in vitro study proved a similar effect of 2-BP on the regulation of Drp1 and OPA1 expression. 2-BP also increased the mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased the levels of BAX, ROS, and proinflammatory cytokines. These results indicate that 2-BP may attenuate the inflammatory pain of CFA-treated rats via regulating mitochondrial fission/fusion balance and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xie
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Menglin Cheng
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Bojun Wang
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Ming Jiao
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Liangzhu Yu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Haili Zhu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
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20
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Zoja C, Xinaris C, Macconi D. Diabetic Nephropathy: Novel Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:586892. [PMID: 33519447 PMCID: PMC7845653 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.586892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease. The standard treatments for diabetic patients are glucose and blood pressure control, lipid lowering, and renin-angiotensin system blockade; however, these therapeutic approaches can provide only partial renoprotection if started late in the course of the disease. One major limitation in developing efficient therapies for DN is the complex pathobiology of the diabetic kidney, which undergoes a set of profound structural, metabolic and functional changes. Despite these difficulties, experimental models of diabetes have revealed promising therapeutic targets by identifying pathways that modulate key functions of podocytes and glomerular endothelial cells. In this review we will describe recent advances in the field, analyze key molecular pathways that contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease, and discuss how they could be modulated to prevent or reverse DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlamaria Zoja
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Christodoulos Xinaris
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy.,University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Daniela Macconi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
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21
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He Y, Wu Z, Xu L, Xu K, Chen Z, Ran J, Wu L. The role of SIRT3-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis in osteoarthritis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3729-3743. [PMID: 32468094 PMCID: PMC11105031 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03497-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common degenerative joint disease and causes major pain and disability in adults. It has been reported that mitochondrial dysfunction in chondrocytes is associated with osteoarthritis. Sirtuins are a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent histone deacetylases that have the ability to deacetylate protein targets and play an important role in the regulation of cell physiological and pathological processes. Among sirtuin family members, sirtuin 3, which is mainly located in mitochondria, can exert its deacetylation activity to regulate mitochondrial function, regeneration, and dynamics; these processes are presently recognized to maintain redox homeostasis to prevent oxidative stress in cell metabolism. In this review, we provide present opinions on the effect of mitochondrial dysfunction in osteoarthritis. Furthermore, the potential protective mechanism of SIRT3-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis in the progression of osteoarthritis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhe He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Langhai Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhonggai Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jisheng Ran
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lidong Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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22
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Locatelli M, Zoja C, Zanchi C, Corna D, Villa S, Bolognini S, Novelli R, Perico L, Remuzzi G, Benigni A, Cassis P. Manipulating Sirtuin 3 pathway ameliorates renal damage in experimental diabetes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8418. [PMID: 32439965 PMCID: PMC7242337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
More effective treatments for diabetic nephropathy remain a major unmet clinical need. Increased oxidative stress is one of the most important pathological mechanisms that lead to kidney damage and functional impairment induced by diabetes. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is the main mitochondrial deacetylase and critically regulates cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and detoxification. Honokiol is a natural biphenolic compound that, by activating mitochondrial SIRT3, can carry out anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities. Here, we sought to investigate the renoprotective effects of honokiol in BTBR ob/ob mice with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic mice were treated with vehicle or honokiol between the ages of 8 and 14 weeks. Wild-type mice served as controls. Renal Sirt3 expression was significantly reduced in BTBR ob/ob mice, and this was associated with a reduction in its activity and increased ROS levels. Selective activation of SIRT3 through honokiol administration translated into the attenuation of albuminuria, amelioration of glomerular damage, and a reduction in podocyte injury. SIRT3 activation preserved mitochondrial wellness through the activation of SOD2 and the restoration of PGC-1α expression in glomerular cells. Additionally, the protective role of SIRT3 in glomerular changes was associated with enhanced tubular Sirt3 expression and upregulated renal Nampt levels, indicating a possible tubule-glomerulus retrograde interplay, which resulted in improved glomerular SIRT3 activity. Our results demonstrate the hitherto unknown renoprotective effect of SIRT3 against diabetic glomerular disease and suggest that the pharmacological modulation of SIRT3 activity is a possible novel approach to treating diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Locatelli
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Carlamaria Zoja
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Cristina Zanchi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Daniela Corna
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Sebastian Villa
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Silvia Bolognini
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Rubina Novelli
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Luca Perico
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ariela Benigni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Paola Cassis
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
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23
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Hao M, Tang Q, Wang B, Li Y, Ding J, Li M, Xie M, Zhu H. Resveratrol suppresses bone cancer pain in rats by attenuating inflammatory responses through the AMPK/Drp1 signaling. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:231-240. [PMID: 32072182 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer pain (BCP) is induced by primary bone cancer and secondary bone metastasis. During BCP pathogenesis, activated spinal astrocytes release proinflammatory cytokines, which participate in pain information transmission. In this study, we found that BCP rats showed disruption of trabecular bone structure, mechanical allodynia, and spinal inflammation. Moreover, reduced adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, increased mitochondrial fission-associated protein Drp1 GTPase activity accompanied by the dysfunction of mitochondrial function, and abnormal BAX and Bcl-2 expression were found in the spinal cord of BCP rats. Notably, these alterations are reversed by resveratrol (Res) administration. Cell experiment results demonstrated that Res promotes mitochondrial function by activating AMPK, decreasing Drp1 activity, and inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-α-induced mitochondrial membrane potential reduction. Taken together, these results indicate that Res suppresses BCP in rats by attenuation of the inflammatory responses through the AMPK/Drp1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Qiong Tang
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Banghua Wang
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Yisheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Jieqiong Ding
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Min Xie
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Haili Zhu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
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24
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Wang T, Wang Y, Liu L, Jiang Z, Li X, Tong R, He J, Shi J. Research progress on sirtuins family members and cell senescence. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 193:112207. [PMID: 32222662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Human aging is a phenomenon of gradual decline and loss of cell, tissue, organ and other functions under the action of external environment and internal factors. It is mainly related to genomic instability, telomere wear, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein balance disorder, antioxidant damage, microRNA expression disorder and so on. Sirtuins protein is a kind of deacetylase which can regulate cell metabolism and participate in a variety of cell physiological functions. It has been found that sirtuins family can prolong the lifespan of yeast. Sirtuins can inhibit human aging through many signaling pathways, including apoptosis signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, sirtuins signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway and so on. Based on this, this paper reviews the action principle of anti-aging star members of sirtuins family Sirt1, Sirt3 and Sirt6 on anti-aging related signaling pathways and typical compounds, in order to provide ideas for the screening of anti-aging compounds of sirtuins family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yujue Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Zhongliang Jiang
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Xingxing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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25
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Jamieson KL, Keshavarz-Bahaghighat H, Darwesh AM, Sosnowski DK, Seubert JM. Age and Sex Differences in Hearts of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Null Mice. Front Physiol 2020; 11:48. [PMID: 32116760 PMCID: PMC7019103 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological aging is an inevitable part of life that has intrigued individuals for millennia. The progressive decline in biological systems impacts cardiac function and increases vulnerability to stress contributing to morbidity and mortality in aged individuals. Yet, our understanding of the molecular, biochemical and physiological mechanisms of aging as well as sex differences is limited. There is growing evidence indicating CYP450 epoxygenase-mediated metabolites of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are active lipid mediators regulating cardiac homeostasis. These epoxy metabolites are rapidly hydrolyzed and inactivated by the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). The current study characterized cardiac function in young and aged sEH null mice compared to the corresponding wild-type (WT) mice. All aged mice had significantly increased cardiac hypertrophy, except in aged female sEH null mice. Cardiac function as assessed by echocardiography demonstrated a marked decline in aged WT mice, notably significant decreases in ejection fraction and fractional shortening in both sexes. Interestingly, aged female sEH null mice had preserved systolic function, while aged male sEH null mice had preserved diastolic function compared to aged WT mice. Assessment of cardiac mitochondria demonstrated an increased expression of acetyl Mn-SOD levels that correlated with decreased Sirt-3 activity in aged WT males and females. Conversely, aged sEH null mice had preserved Sirt-3 activity and better mitochondrial ultrastructure compared to WT mice. Consistent with these changes, the activity level of SOD significantly decreased in WT animals but was preserved in aged sEH null animals. Markers of oxidative stress demonstrated age-related increase in protein carbonyl levels in WT and sEH null male mice. Together, these data highlight novel cardiac phenotypes from sEH null mice demonstrating a sexual dimorphic pattern of aging in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lockhart Jamieson
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Ahmed M Darwesh
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Deanna K Sosnowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John M Seubert
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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26
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Benigni A, Cassis P, Conti S, Perico L, Corna D, Cerullo D, Zentilin L, Zoja C, Perna A, Lionetti V, Giacca M, Trionfini P, Tomasoni S, Remuzzi G. Sirt3 Deficiency Shortens Life Span and Impairs Cardiac Mitochondrial Function Rescued by Opa1 Gene Transfer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1255-1271. [PMID: 31269804 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Sirtuins, a family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases, are recognized as nondispensable regulators of aging processes. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is the main mitochondrial deacetylase that maintains mitochondrial bioenergetics, an essential prerequisite for healthy aging. In this study, using Sirt3 knockout (Sirt3-/-) mice, we sought to establish whether Sirt3 deficiency affected life span, an endpoint that has never been tested formally in mammals, and uncover the mechanisms involved in organ damage associated with aging. Results:Sirt3-/- mice experienced a shorter life span than wild-type mice and severe cardiac damage, characterized by hypertrophy and fibrosis, as they aged. No alterations were found in organs other than the heart. Sirt3 deficiency altered cardiac mitochondrial bioenergetics and caused hyperacetylation of optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), a SIRT3 target. These changes were associated with aberrant alignment of trans-mitochondrial cristae in cardiomyocytes, and cardiac dysfunction. Gene transfer of deacetylated Opa1 restored cristae alignment in Sirt3-/- mice, ameliorated cardiac reserve capacity, and protected the heart against hypertrophy and fibrosis. The translational relevance of these findings is in the data showing that SIRT3 silencing in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes led to mitochondrial dysfunction and altered contractile phenotype, both rescued by Opa1 gene transfer. Innovation: Our findings indicate that future approaches to heart failure could include SIRT3 as a plausible therapeutic target. Conclusion: SIRT3 has a major role in regulating mammalian life span. Sirt3 deficiency leads to cardiac abnormalities, due to defective trans-mitochondrial cristae alignment and impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics. Correcting cardiac OPA1 hyperacetylation through gene transfer diminished heart failure in Sirt3-/- mice during aging. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 31, 1255-1271.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariela Benigni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Paola Cassis
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Sara Conti
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Luca Perico
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Daniela Corna
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Domenico Cerullo
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlamaria Zoja
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Annalisa Perna
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,UOS Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Toscana "G. Monasterio", Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Piera Trionfini
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Susanna Tomasoni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy.,L. Sacco' Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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27
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Sharma A, Smith HJ, Yao P, Mair WB. Causal roles of mitochondrial dynamics in longevity and healthy aging. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e48395. [PMID: 31667999 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organized in the cell in the form of a dynamic, interconnected network. Mitochondrial dynamics, regulated by mitochondrial fission, fusion, and trafficking, ensure restructuring of this complex reticulum in response to nutrient availability, molecular signals, and cellular stress. Aberrant mitochondrial structures have long been observed in aging and age-related diseases indicating that mitochondrial dynamics are compromised as cells age. However, the specific mechanisms by which aging affects mitochondrial dynamics and whether these changes are causally or casually associated with cellular and organismal aging is not clear. Here, we review recent studies that show specifically how mitochondrial fission, fusion, and trafficking are altered with age. We discuss factors that change with age to directly or indirectly influence mitochondrial dynamics while examining causal roles for altered mitochondrial dynamics in healthy aging and underlying functional outputs that might affect longevity. Lastly, we propose that altered mitochondrial dynamics might not just be a passive consequence of aging but might constitute an adaptive mechanism to mitigate age-dependent cellular impairments and might be targeted to increase longevity and promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah J Smith
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pallas Yao
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William B Mair
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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28
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Peerapanyasut W, Kobroob A, Palee S, Chattipakorn N, Wongmekiat O. Bisphenol A aggravates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis and N-acetylcysteine mitigates the injurious outcomes. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:758-770. [PMID: 31587481 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical generally used in consumer products, becomes a global public health concern, as humans are increasingly exposed through their daily consuming activities. Renal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR) is the major cause of acute kidney injury with high prevalence and increased long-term risks for multiple comorbidities and mortality. As the kidney is susceptible to these conditions, we explored whether the outcomes following the RIR episode could be influenced by BPA exposure, and investigated the therapeutic possibility by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) including the mechanisms involved. Three groups of male Wistar rats were fed with vehicle, BPA 5, and 50 mg/kg, respectively, for five consecutive weeks then underwent the sham operation. Three other groups with identical treatment underwent bilateral renal IR induction (45-min ischemia followed by 24-hr reperfusion). An additional RIR group was treated with BPA 50 plus NAC 100 mg/kg. BPA-exposed rats that encountered RIR episode showed dose-dependent worsening of RIR injury as evidenced by augmentations of renal dysfunction and histopathological abnormalities, oxidative stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial functional impairment, mitochondrial dynamic, and mitophagy disproportion compared with the vehicle-exposed RIR group. The NAC therapy considerably attenuated the exacerbated effects of BPA, which was associated with increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), PGC-1α, silent information regulator 3 or sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), and mitofusin 2 (MFN2) expressions but decreased Phosphorylated dynamin-related protein 1 (p-DRP1)/Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), PTEN-induced putative kinase (PINK), and PARKIN expressions. These findings reveal the detrimental effect of repeated BPA exposure on the renal outcomes following the IR episode, and further demonstrate the protective efficacy of NAC by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, which is, partly, mediated through the AMPK-PGC-1α-SIRT3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wachirasek Peerapanyasut
- Renal Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anongporn Kobroob
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Science, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Siripong Palee
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Orawan Wongmekiat
- Renal Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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29
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Kim TS, Jin YB, Kim YS, Kim S, Kim JK, Lee HM, Suh HW, Choe JH, Kim YJ, Koo BS, Kim HN, Jung M, Lee SH, Kim DK, Chung C, Son JW, Min JJ, Kim JM, Deng CX, Kim HS, Lee SR, Jo EK. SIRT3 promotes antimycobacterial defenses by coordinating mitochondrial and autophagic functions. Autophagy 2019; 15:1356-1375. [PMID: 30774023 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1582743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT3 (sirtuin 3), a mitochondrial protein deacetylase, maintains respiratory function, but its role in the regulation of innate immune defense is largely unknown. Herein, we show that SIRT3 coordinates mitochondrial function and macroautophagy/autophagy activation to promote anti-mycobacterial responses through PPARA (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha). SIRT3 deficiency enhanced inflammatory responses and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to defective host defense and pathological inflammation during mycobacterial infection. Antibody-mediated depletion of polymorphonuclear neutrophils significantly increased protection against mycobacterial infection in sirt3-/- mice. In addition, mitochondrial oxidative stress promoted excessive inflammation induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in sirt3-/- macrophages. Notably, SIRT3 was essential for the enhancement of PPARA, a key regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis and autophagy activation in the context of infection. Importantly, overexpression of either PPARA or TFEB (transcription factor EB) in sirt3-/- macrophages recovered antimicrobial activity through autophagy activation. Furthermore, pharmacological activation of SIRT3 enhanced antibacterial autophagy and functional mitochondrial pools during mycobacterial infection. Finally, the levels of SIRT3 and PPARA were downregulated and inversely correlated with TNF (tumor necrosis factor) levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from tuberculosis patients. Collectively, these data demonstrate a previously unappreciated function of SIRT3 in orchestrating mitochondrial and autophagic functions to promote antimycobacterial responses. Abbreviations: Ab: antibody; BCG: M. bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin; Baf-A1: bafilomycin A1; BMDMs: bone marrow-derived macrophages; CFU: colony forming unit; CXCL5: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; ERFP: enhanced red fluorescent protein; FOXO3: forkhead box O3; HC: healthy controls; H&E: haematoxylin and eosin; HKL: honokiol; IHC: immunohistochemistry; IL1B: interleukin 1 beta; IL6: interleukin 6; IL12B: interleukin 12B; MDMs: monocyte-derived macrophages; MMP: mitochondrial membrane potential; Mtb: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PBS: phosphate buffered saline; PMN: polymorphonuclear neutrophil; PPARA: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SIRT3: sirtuin 3; TB: tuberculosis; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TNF: tumor necrosis factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Sung Kim
- a Department of Microbiology , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,b Department of Medical Science , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,c Infection Control Convergence Research Center , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Yeung Bae Jin
- d National Primate Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Cheongju , Korea
| | - Yi Sak Kim
- a Department of Microbiology , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,b Department of Medical Science , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,c Infection Control Convergence Research Center , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Sup Kim
- a Department of Microbiology , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,b Department of Medical Science , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,c Infection Control Convergence Research Center , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Kim
- a Department of Microbiology , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,b Department of Medical Science , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,c Infection Control Convergence Research Center , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Lee
- a Department of Microbiology , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Suh
- a Department of Microbiology , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,c Infection Control Convergence Research Center , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Jin Ho Choe
- a Department of Microbiology , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,b Department of Medical Science , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,c Infection Control Convergence Research Center , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Young Jae Kim
- a Department of Microbiology , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,b Department of Medical Science , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,c Infection Control Convergence Research Center , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Bon-Sang Koo
- d National Primate Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Cheongju , Korea
| | - Han-Na Kim
- d National Primate Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Cheongju , Korea
| | - Mingyu Jung
- e Department of Pathology , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Lee
- f Institute of Molecular Biology & Genetics , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Don-Kyu Kim
- g Department of Molecular Biotechnology , Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Korea
| | - Chaeuk Chung
- c Infection Control Convergence Research Center , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,h Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Ji-Woong Son
- i Department of Internal Medicine , Konyang University , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- j Department of Nuclear Medicine , Chonnam National University Medical School , Gwangju , Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- c Infection Control Convergence Research Center , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,e Department of Pathology , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- k Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Macau , Macau SAR , China
| | - Hyun Seok Kim
- l Department of Bioinspired Science , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- d National Primate Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Cheongju , Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- a Department of Microbiology , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,b Department of Medical Science , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,c Infection Control Convergence Research Center , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea
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30
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Peerapanyasut W, Kobroob A, Palee S, Chattipakorn N, Wongmekiat O. Activation of Sirtuin 3 and Maintenance of Mitochondrial Integrity by N-Acetylcysteine Protects Against Bisphenol A-Induced Kidney and Liver Toxicity in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020267. [PMID: 30641872 PMCID: PMC6358790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial impairment ensuing from oxidative imbalance is related to adverse consequences of bisphenol A (BPA), a globally utilized industrial chemical. Recent evidence reveals sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) as a key regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis; however, its role in BPA toxicity remains unidentified. This study explored the potential benefits of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an effective antioxidant, against BPA toxicity in the kidney and liver, and examined whether SIRT3 was involved in this condition. Male Wistar rats were fed with vehicle, BPA (5, 50 mg/kg), BPA (50 mg/kg) plus NAC (100 mg/kg) and were evaluated after 5 weeks. NAC treatment significantly diminished BPA-induced kidney and liver functional disorders, histopathological alterations, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, the disrupted membrane potential, the swelling, and the impaired mitochondrial fission caused by BPA were also mitigated upon concurrent treatment with NAC. The benefits of NAC were associated with enhanced AMPK-PGC-1α-SIRT3 signaling protein expressions, which led to decreased acetylation of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and increased expression of mitochondrial antioxidant manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). The findings demonstrate the efficacy of NAC in protecting BPA-induced kidney and liver injury, which, in part, is mediated by activating SIRT3 and improving mitochondrial function, dynamics, and oxidative imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wachirasek Peerapanyasut
- Renal Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Anongporn Kobroob
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand.
| | - Siripong Palee
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Orawan Wongmekiat
- Renal Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Abstract
All people want to age "successfully," maintaining functional capacity and quality of life as they reach advanced age. Achieving this goal depends on preserving optimal cognitive and brain functioning. Yet, significant individual differences exist in this regard. Some older adults continue to retain most cognitive abilities throughout their lifetime. Others experience declines in cognitive and functional capacity that range from mild decrements in certain cognitive functions over time to severe dementia among those with neurodegenerative diseases. Even among relatively healthy "successful agers," certain cognitive functions are reduced from earlier levels. This is particularly true for cognitive functions that are dependent on cognitive processing speed and efficiency. Working memory and executive and attentional functions tend to be most vulnerable. Learning and memory functions are also usually reduced, although in the absence of neurodegenerative disease learning and retrieval efficiency rather than memory storage are affected. Other functions, such as visual perception, language, semantics, and knowledge, are often well preserved. Structural, functional, and physiologic/metabolic brain changes correspond with age-associated cognitive decline. Physiologic and metabolic mechanisms, such as oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, may contribute to these changes, along with the contribution of comorbidities that secondarily affect the brain of older adults. Cognitive frailty often corresponds with physical frailty, both affected by multiple exogenous and endogenous factors. Neuropsychologic assessment provides a way of measuring the cognitive and functional status of older adults, which is useful for monitoring changes that may be occurring. Neuroimaging is also useful for characterizing age-associated structural, functional, physiologic, and metabolic brain changes, including alterations in cerebral blood flow and metabolite concentrations. Some interventions that may enhance cognitive function, such as cognitive training, neuromodulation, and pharmacologic approaches, exist or are being developed. Yet, preventing, slowing, and reversing the adverse effects of cognitive aging remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Michael M Marsiske
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Glenn E Smith
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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32
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Chen LY, Wang Y, Terkeltaub R, Liu-Bryan R. Activation of AMPK-SIRT3 signaling is chondroprotective by preserving mitochondrial DNA integrity and function. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:1539-1550. [PMID: 30031925 PMCID: PMC6202232 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In osteoarthritis (OA), articular chondrocytes manifest mitochondrial damage, including mitochondrial DNA 4977-bp (mtDNA4977) deletion that impairs mitochondrial function. OA chondrocytes have decreased activity of AMPK, an energy biosensor that promotes mitochondrial biogenesis. Here, we tested if pharmacologic AMPK activation, via downstream activation of predominately mitochondrially localized sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), reverses existing decreases in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) integrity and function in human OA chondrocytes and limits mouse knee OA development. DESIGN We assessed mtDNA integrity and function including the common mtDNA4977 deletion and mtDNA content, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) generation, oxygen consumption and intracellular ATP levels. Phosphorylation of AMPKα, expression and activity of SIRT3, acetylation and expression of the mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme SOD2 and DNA repair enzyme 8-oxoguanine glycosylase (OGG1), and expression of subunits of mitochondrial respiratory complexes were examined. We assessed effect of pharmacologic activation of AMPK on age-related spontaneous mouse knee OA. RESULTS The mtDNA4977 deletion was detected in both OA chondrocytes and menadione-treated normal chondrocytes, associated with increased mtROS, decreased SIRT3, and increased acetylation of SOD2 and OGG1. AMPKα1 deficient chondrocytes exhibited significantly reduced SIRT3 activity. AMPK pharmacologic activation attenuated existing mtDNA4977 deletion and improved mitochondrial functions in OA chondrocytes via SIRT3 by reducing acetylation and increasing expression of SOD2 and OGG1, and limited aging-associated mouse knee OA development and progression. CONCLUSIONS AMPK activation, via SIRT3, limits oxidative stress and improves mtDNA integrity and function in OA chondrocytes. These effects likely contribute to chondroprotective effects of AMPK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Terkeltaub
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA,Dept. of Medicine, UC San Diego
| | - Ru Liu-Bryan
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA,Dept. of Medicine, UC San Diego,To Whom Correspondence should be addressed: Ru Liu-Bryan PhD, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 111K, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161. Telephone: 858 552 8585. Fax: 858 552 7425,
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Reiter RJ, Tan DX, Rosales-Corral S, Galano A, Jou MJ, Acuna-Castroviejo D. Melatonin Mitigates Mitochondrial Meltdown: Interactions with SIRT3. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2439. [PMID: 30126181 PMCID: PMC6121285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin exhibits extraordinary diversity in terms of its functions and distribution. When discovered, it was thought to be uniquely of pineal gland origin. Subsequently, melatonin synthesis was identified in a variety of organs and recently it was shown to be produced in the mitochondria. Since mitochondria exist in every cell, with a few exceptions, it means that every vertebrate, invertebrate, and plant cell produces melatonin. The mitochondrial synthesis of melatonin is not photoperiod-dependent, but it may be inducible under conditions of stress. Mitochondria-produced melatonin is not released into the systemic circulation, but rather is used primarily in its cell of origin. Melatonin's functions in the mitochondria are highly diverse, not unlike those of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3). SIRT3 is an NAD+-dependent deacetylase which regulates, among many functions, the redox state of the mitochondria. Recent data proves that melatonin and SIRT3 post-translationally collaborate in regulating free radical generation and removal from mitochondria. Since melatonin and SIRT3 have cohabitated in the mitochondria for many eons, we predict that these molecules interact in many other ways to control mitochondrial physiology. It is predicted that these mutual functions will be intensely investigated in the next decade and importantly, we assume that the findings will have significant applications for preventing/delaying some age-related diseases and aging itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Dun Xian Tan
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Sergio Rosales-Corral
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guardalajara, 4436 Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Annia Galano
- Departamento de Quimica, Universidad Antonoma Metropolitana-Unidad Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340 Mexico D.F., Mexico.
| | - Mei-Jie Jou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Dario Acuna-Castroviejo
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad de Granada, Avenida de Conocimiento S/U, 18016 Granada, Spain.
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Perturbations in mitochondrial dynamics by p66Shc lead to renal tubular oxidative injury in human diabetic nephropathy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1297-1314. [PMID: 29760122 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Renal tubular injury is increasingly being recognized as an early characteristic of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Mitochondrial dynamic alterations and redox protein p66Shc-mediated oxidative stress are both critical for ensuing diabetic tubular cell injury and apoptosis; whether these two processes are interlinked remains unclear. In the present study, we observed changes in mitochondrial morphology and expression of associated proteins in tubules of patients with DN. We demonstrated mitochondrial fragmentation as an important pathogenic feature of tubular cell injury that is linked to oxidative stress and p66Shc up-regulation. In renal proximal tubular cells, alterations in mitochondrial dynamics and expression of fission-fusion proteins were observed under high glucose (HG) ambience, along with p66Shc Ser36 phosphorylation. Gene ablation of p66Shc alleviated HG-induced mitochondrial fragmentation, down-regulated Fis1 and reduced p66Shc-Fis1 binding, increased Mfn1 expression, and disrupted interactions between Mfn1 and proapoptotic Bak. Overexpression of p66Shc exacerbated these changes, whereas overexpression of dominant-negative p66Shc Ser36 mutant had a marginal effect under HG, indicating that p66Shc phosphorylation as a prerequisite in the modulation of mitochondrial dynamics. Disrupted mitochondrial dynamics and enhanced Mfn1-Bak interactions modulated by p66Shc led to loss of mitochondrial voltage potential, cytochrome C release, excessive ROS generation, and apoptosis. Taken together, these results link p66Shc to mitochondrial dynamic alterations in the pathogenesis of DN and unveil a novel mechanism by which p66Shc mediates HG-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and proapoptotic signaling that results in oxidative injury and apoptosis in the tubular compartment in human diabetic nephropathy.
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Zhu Y, Wang G, Li X, Wang T, Weng M, Zhang Y. Knockout of SIRT4 decreases chemosensitivity to 5-FU in colorectal cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1675-1681. [PMID: 30008852 PMCID: PMC6036483 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that sirtuin (SIRT) 4 is aberrantly expressed in human malignant tumors and is associated with poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. However, the role of SIRT4 in the progression of human colorectal cancer (CRC) and in chemotherapy remains unclear. In the present study, the expression of SIRT4 in CRC tissues and the effect of SIRT4 on colorectal cancer proliferation, migration and invasion was investigated. Additionally, the effects of SIRT4 on the chemosensitivity in colorectal cancer cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms were also explored. The results demonstrated that SIRT4 expression is significantly downregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines. Downregulation of SIRT4 significantly increased tumor proliferation, migration and invasion. Additionally, downregulation of SIRT4 decreased the chemosensitivity of CRC cells by inhibiting cell apoptosis. Thus, these results suggest that SIRT4 may be a promising therapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Tianzhen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Mingjiao Weng
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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Abstract
Sirtuins belong to an evolutionarily conserved family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases that share multiple cellular functions related to proliferation, DNA repair, mitochondrial energy homeostasis, and antioxidant activity. Mammalians express seven sirtuins (SIRT1-7) that are localized in different subcellular compartments. Changes in sirtuin expression are critical in several diseases, including metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cancer, and aging. In the kidney, the most widely studied sirtuin is SIRT1, which exerts cytoprotective effects by inhibiting cell apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis together with SIRT3, a crucial metabolic sensor that regulates ATP generation and mitochondrial adaptive response to stress. Here, we provide an overview of the biologic effects of sirtuins and the molecular targets thereof regulating renal physiology. This review also details progress made in understanding the effect of sirtuins in the pathophysiology of chronic and acute kidney diseases, highlighting the key role of SIRT1, SIRT3, and now SIRT6 as potential therapeutic targets. In this context, the current pharmacologic approaches to enhancing the activity of SIRT1 and SIRT3 will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Morigi
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Luca Perico
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Ariela Benigni
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Bergamo, Italy
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37
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Akamata K, Wei J, Bhattacharyya M, Cheresh P, Bonner MY, Arbiser JL, Raparia K, Gupta MP, Kamp DW, Varga J. SIRT3 is attenuated in systemic sclerosis skin and lungs, and its pharmacologic activation mitigates organ fibrosis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:69321-69336. [PMID: 27732568 PMCID: PMC5342480 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive fibroblast activation is responsible for organ fibrosis in fibrotic disorders including systemic sclerosis (SSc), but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, and effective therapies are lacking. We investigated the expression of the mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) and its modulation by hexafluoro, a novel fluorinated synthetic honokiol analogue, in the context of fibrosis. We find that augmenting cellular SIRT3 by forced expression in normal lung and skin fibroblasts, or by hexafluoro treatment, blocked intracellular TGF-ß signaling and fibrotic responses, and mitigated the activated phenotype of SSc fibroblasts. Moreover, hexafluoro attenuated mitochondrial and cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in TGF-β-treated fibroblasts. Remarkably, we found that the expression of SIRT3 was significantly reduced in SSc skin biopsies and explanted fibroblasts, and was suppressed by TGF-β treatment in normal fibroblasts. Moreover, tissue levels of acetylated MnSOD, a sensitive marker of reduced SIRT3 activity, were dramatically enhanced in lesional skin and lung biopsies from SSc patients. Mice treated with hexafluoro showed substantial attenuation of bleomycin-induced fibrosis in the lung and skin. Our findings reveal a cell-autonomous function for SIRT3 in modulating fibrotic responses, and demonstrate the ability of a novel pharmacological SIRT3 agonist to attenuate fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. In light of the impaired expression and activity of SIRT3 associated with organ fibrosis in SSc, pharmacological approaches for augmenting SIRT3 might have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaname Akamata
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jun Wei
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mitra Bhattacharyya
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul Cheresh
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Y Bonner
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jack L Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center and Winship Cancer, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kirtee Raparia
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mahesh P Gupta
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David W Kamp
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John Varga
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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38
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Hwang ES, Hwang SY. Cellular NAD+Level: A Key Determinant of Mitochondrial Quality and Health. Ann Geriatr Med Res 2017. [DOI: 10.4235/agmr.2017.21.4.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Seong Hwang
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Yun Hwang
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
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39
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Perico L, Morigi M, Rota C, Breno M, Mele C, Noris M, Introna M, Capelli C, Longaretti L, Rottoli D, Conti S, Corna D, Remuzzi G, Benigni A. Human mesenchymal stromal cells transplanted into mice stimulate renal tubular cells and enhance mitochondrial function. Nat Commun 2017; 8:983. [PMID: 29042548 PMCID: PMC5754365 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00937-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are renoprotective and drive regeneration following injury, although cellular targets of such an effect are still ill-defined. Here, we show that human umbilical cord (UC)-MSCs transplanted into mice stimulate tubular cells to regain mitochondrial mass and function, associated with enhanced microtubule-rich projections that appear to mediate mitochondrial trafficking to create a reparative dialogue among adjacent tubular cells. Treatment with UC-MSCs in mice with cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) regulates mitochondrial biogenesis in proximal tubuli by enhancing PGC1α expression, NAD+ biosynthesis and Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) activity, thus fostering antioxidant defenses and ATP production. The functional role of SIRT3 in tubular recovery is highlighted by data that in SIRT3-deficient mice with AKI, UC-MSC treatment fails to induce renoprotection. These data document a previously unrecognized mechanism through which UC-MSCs facilitate renal repair, so as to induce global metabolic reprogramming of damaged tubular cells to sustain energy supply. Mesenchymal stromal cells drive renal regeneration following injury. Here, the authors show that human mesenchymal stromal cells, when transplanted into mice with acute kidney injury, stimulate renal tubular cell growth and enhance mitochondrial function via SIRT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Perico
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Marina Morigi
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126, Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Rota
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Matteo Breno
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Caterina Mele
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Marina Noris
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Martino Introna
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy "G. Lanzani", Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Chiara Capelli
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy "G. Lanzani", Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Lorena Longaretti
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Daniela Rottoli
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Sara Conti
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Daniela Corna
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126, Bergamo, Italy.,Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127, Bergamo, Italy.,University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Ariela Benigni
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126, Bergamo, Italy
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Salvatori I, Valle C, Ferri A, Carrì MT. SIRT3 and mitochondrial metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurochem Int 2017; 109:184-192. [PMID: 28449871 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The NAD+-dependent deacetylase protein Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is emerging among the factors playing a key role in the regulation of mitochondrial function and in the prevention of oxidative stress. This deacetylase activates protein substrates directly involved in the production and detoxification of ROS, such as superoxide dismutase 2 and catalase, but also enzymes in the lipid beta-oxidation pathway. In this paper we review existing evidence on the role of SIRT3 in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington disease, including data from new experiments in a model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis linked to mutations in superoxide dismutase 1. Specifically, we report that expression of the mitochondrial isoform of SIRT3 is altered in muscle from the G93A-SOD1 mice during progression of disease; this alteration influences mitochondrial metabolism, which may be relevant for the well known energetic alterations taking place in ALS patients. These data reinforce the concept that SIRT3 may be a relevant therapeutic target is ALS as well as in other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristiana Valle
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferri
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Carrì
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Li Y, Ye Z, Lai W, Rao J, Huang W, Zhang X, Yao Z, Lou T. Activation of Sirtuin 3 by Silybin Attenuates Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cisplatin-induced Acute Kidney Injury. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:178. [PMID: 28424621 PMCID: PMC5380914 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Silybin is a secondary metabolite isolated from the seeds of blessed milk thistle (Silybum marianum) that has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antifibrotic, and antitumor properties. Here, we showed that silybin protected against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) by improving mitochondrial function through the regulation of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) expression. Male SV129 and SIRT3 knockout (KO) mice were administered a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cisplatin with or without treatment with silybin. Moreover, cultured HK2 cells were used to evaluate mitochondrial morphology and function. Our data suggested that silybin enhanced SIRT3 expression after cisplatin administration both in vivo and in vitro. Silybin treatment improved mitochondrial function and bioenergetics in wild-type, but not SIRT3-defective, cells and mice. Moreover, we demonstrated that silybin markedly attenuated cisplatin-induced AKI and tubular cell apoptosis and improved cell regeneration in a SIRT3-dependent manner. Collectively, these results suggest that silybin is a pharmacological activator of SIRT3 capable of protecting against cisplatin-induced tubular cell apoptosis and AKI by improving mitochondrial function. Thus, silybin could serve as a potential clinical renoprotective adjuvant treatment in cisplatin chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Zengchun Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Weiyan Lai
- Department of Nephrology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jialing Rao
- Department of Nephrology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Wanbing Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Ziying Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Tanqi Lou
- Department of Nephrology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
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López-Lluch G. Mitochondrial activity and dynamics changes regarding metabolism in ageing and obesity. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 162:108-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
The kidney is a vital organ that demands an extraordinary amount of energy to actively maintain the body's metabolism, plasma hemodynamics, electrolytes and water homeostasis, nutrients reabsorption, and hormone secretion. Kidney is only second to the heart in mitochondrial count and oxygen consumption. As such, the health and status of the energy power house, the mitochondria, is pivotal to the health and proper function of the kidney. Mitochondria are heterogeneous and highly dynamic organelles and their functions are subject to complex regulations through modulation of its biogenesis, bioenergetics, dynamics and clearance within cell. Kidney diseases, either acute kidney injury (AKI) or chronic kidney disease (CKD), are important clinical issues and global public health concerns with high mortality rate and socioeconomic burden due to lack of effective therapeutic strategies to cure or retard the progression of the diseases. Mitochondria-targeted therapeutics has become a major focus for modern research with the belief that maintaining mitochondria homeostasis can prevent kidney pathogenesis and disease progression. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular events that govern mitochondria functions in health and disease will potentially lead to improved therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Duann
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Pei-Hui Lin
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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