1
|
Lei R, Liu X, Wu J. Nutrition and melanoma: the contribution of trace elements in onset, progression, and treatment of melanoma. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:1138-1149. [PMID: 37702535 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly malignant and drug-resistant disease that imposes a substantial economic burden on the world. There are many studies linking trace elements to diverse types of cancers, including melanoma. This review elucidates the relationship between trace elements exposure and melanoma. It was identified that copper, manganese, selenium, zinc, iron, and many other trace elements were associated with melanoma in humans. In terms of epidemiology, different elements have different correlations with melanoma. These trace elements affect the occurrence and development of melanoma through various mechanisms, such as oxidative stress and the MAPK pathway. The literature on the role of trace elements in the pathogenesis and treatment of melanoma depicts promising prospects for this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zaher A, Mapuskar KA, Petronek MS, Tanas MR, Isaacson AL, Dodd RD, Milhem M, Furqan M, Spitz DR, Miller BJ, Beardsley RA, Allen BG. Superoxide Dismutase Mimetic Avasopasem Manganese Enhances Radiation Therapy Effectiveness in Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Accelerates Wound Healing. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:587. [PMID: 38790692 PMCID: PMC11117842 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are mesenchymal malignant lesions that develop in soft tissues. Despite current treatments, including radiation therapy (RT) and surgery, STSs can be associated with poor patient outcomes and metastatic recurrences. Neoadjuvant radiation therapy (nRT), while effective, is often accompanied by severe postoperative wound healing complications due to damage to the surrounding normal tissues. Thus, there is a need to develop therapeutic approaches to reduce nRT toxicities. Avasopasem manganese (AVA) is a selective superoxide dismutase mimetic that protects against IR-induced oral mucositis and lung fibrosis. We tested the efficacy of AVA in enhancing RT in STSs and in promoting wound healing. Using colony formation assays and alkaline comet assays, we report that AVA selectively enhanced the STS (liposarcoma, fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and MPNST) cellular response to radiation compared to normal dermal fibroblasts (NDFs). AVA is believed to selectively enhance radiation therapy by targeting differential hydrogen peroxide clearance in tumor cells compared to non-malignant cells. STS cells demonstrated increased catalase protein levels and activity compared to normal fibroblasts. Additionally, NDFs showed significantly higher levels of GPx1 activity compared to STSs. The depletion of glutathione using buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) sensitized the NDF cells to AVA, suggesting that GPx1 may, in part, facilitate the selective toxicity of AVA. Finally, AVA significantly accelerated wound closure in a murine model of wound healing post RT. Our data suggest that AVA may be a promising combination strategy for nRT therapy in STSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amira Zaher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (A.Z.); (K.A.M.); (M.S.P.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Kranti A. Mapuskar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (A.Z.); (K.A.M.); (M.S.P.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Michael S. Petronek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (A.Z.); (K.A.M.); (M.S.P.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Munir R. Tanas
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (M.R.T.); (A.L.I.)
| | - Alexandra L. Isaacson
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (M.R.T.); (A.L.I.)
- Department of Pathology, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Rebecca D. Dodd
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (R.D.D.); (M.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Mohammed Milhem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (R.D.D.); (M.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Muhammad Furqan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (R.D.D.); (M.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Douglas R. Spitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (A.Z.); (K.A.M.); (M.S.P.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Benjamin J. Miller
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Robert A. Beardsley
- Galera Therapeutics Inc., 2 West Liberty Blvd., Suite 110, Malvern, PA 19355, USA;
| | - Bryan G. Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (A.Z.); (K.A.M.); (M.S.P.); (D.R.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
A Review on the Recent Advancements on Therapeutic Effects of Ions in the Physiological Environments. PROSTHESIS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/prosthesis4020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the therapeutic effects of ions when released in physiological environments. Recent studies have shown that metallic ions like Ag+, Sr2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Ca2+, P+5, etc., have shown promising results in drug delivery systems and regenerative medicine. These metallic ions can be loaded in nanoparticles, mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs), hydroxyapatite (HA), calcium phosphates, polymeric coatings, and salt solutions. The metallic ions can exhibit different functions in the physiological environment such as antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, bioactive, biocompatible, and angiogenic effects. Furthermore, the metals/metalloid ions can be loaded into scaffolds to improve osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, bone development, fibroblast growth, and improved wound healing efficacy. Moreover, different ions possess different therapeutic limits. Therefore, further mechanisms need to be developed for the highly controlled and sustained release of these ions. This review paper summarizes the recent progress in the use of metallic/metalloid ions in regenerative medicine and encourages further study of ions as a solution to cure diseases.
Collapse
|
4
|
A Redoxable Mn Porphyrin, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+, Synergizes with Carboplatin in Treatment of Chemoresistant Ovarian Cell Line. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9664636. [PMID: 35898616 PMCID: PMC9313984 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9664636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have employed a redox-active MnP (MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+, Mn(III) meso-tetrakis (N-n-butoxyethylpyridinium-2-yl) porphyrin) frequently identified as superoxide dismutase mimic or BMX-001, to explore the redox status of normal ovarian cell in relation to two ovarian cancer cell lines: OV90 human serous ovarian cancer cell and chemotherapy-resistant OV90 cell (OVCD). We identified that OVCD cells are under oxidative stress due to high hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels and low glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin 1. Furthermore, OVCD cells have increased glycolysis activity and mitochondrial respiration when compared to immortalized ovarian cells (hTER7) and parental cancer cells (OV90). Our goal was to study how ovarian cell growth depends upon the redox state of the cell; hence, we used MnP (BMX-001), a redox-active MnSOD mimetic, as a molecular tool to alter ovarian cancer redox state. Interestingly, OVCD cells preferentially uptake MnP relative to OV90 cells which led to increased inhibition of cell growth, glycolytic activity, OXPHOS, and ATP, in OVCD cells. These effects were further increased when MnP was combined with carboplatin. The effects were discussed with regard to the elevation in H2O2 levels, increased oxidative stress, and reduced Nrf2 levels and its downstream targets when cells were exposed to either MnP or MnP/carboplatin. It is significant to emphasize that MnP protects normal ovarian cell line, hTER7, against carboplatin toxicity. Our data demonstrate that the addition of MnP-based redox-active drugs may be used (via increasing excessively the oxidative stress of serous ovarian cancer cells) to improve cancer patients' chemotherapy outcomes, which develop resistance to platinum-based drugs.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim Y, Choi C, Park JH, Ahn WG, Shin SW, Kim SY, Noh JM. Immunomodulatory effect of splenectomy in lung cancer mouse xenograft models receiving radiation therapy. Radiat Oncol J 2022; 40:53-65. [PMID: 35368201 PMCID: PMC8984136 DOI: 10.3857/roj.2021.00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effect of splenectomy on radiation-mediated growth inhibition and immune modulation in lung cancer xenograft models. Materials and Methods: Human non-small cell lung cancer H1299 cells and murine Lewis lung carcinoma LL/2-luc cells were injected into the right hind leg of BALB/c-nude mice and C57BL/6 mice, respectively. Splenectomy or sham operation was performed prior to tumor cell injection or before and after irradiation during tumor growth. Irradiation was delivered with 2–3 fractions of 6 Gy X-ray using a linear accelerator. Flow cytometry analysis was performed for immune cell profiling.Results: Splenectomy prior to tumor injection or at early stage inhibited growth of LL/2-luc tumors but not that of H1299 tumors; however, it did not enhance the antitumor effect of radiation regardless of intervention timing. Flow cytometry analysis showed monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and activated CD8+ T cells increased after irradiation in the tumors of splenectomized mice, compared to those of sham-operated mice. Administration of anti-PD-1 (programmed death-1) antibodies improved the ability of splenectomy to attenuate the growth of irradiated tumors.Conclusion: Splenectomy has paradoxical effects on radiation-induced tumor growth inhibition, depending on tumor types and intervention timing, but it has an immune-modulating effect when combined with radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeeun Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changhoon Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Gyun Ahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Won Shin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Yeong Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Myoung Noh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence: Jae Myoung Noh Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea. Tel: +82-2-3410-2612 Fax: +82-2-6190-5332 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
MnTnHex-2-PyP 5+, Coupled to Radiation, Suppresses Metastasis of 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer via AKT/Snail/EMT Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111769. [PMID: 34829640 PMCID: PMC8615021 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor migration and invasion induced by the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are prerequisites for metastasis. Here, we investigated the inhibitory effect of a mimic of superoxide dismutase (SOD), cationic Mn(III) ortho-substituted N-n-hexylpyridylporphyrin (MnTnHex-2-PyP5+, MnHex) on the metastasis of breast cancer in cellular and animal models, focusing on the migration of tumor cells and the factors that modulate this behavior. Wound healing and Transwell migration assays revealed that the migration of mouse mammary carcinoma 4T1 cells was markedly reduced during the concurrent treatment of MnHex and radiation therapy (RT) compared with that of the control and RT alone. Bioluminescence imaging showed that MnHex/RT co-treatment dramatically reduced lung metastasis of 4T1 cells in mice, compared with the sham control and both single treatments. Western blotting and immunofluorescence showed that MnHex treatment of 4T1 cells reversed the RT-induced EMT via inhibiting AKT/GSK-3β/Snail pathway in vitro, thereby decreasing cell migration and invasion. Consistently, histopathological analyses of 4T1 tumors showed that MnHex/RT reduced Snail expression, blocked EMT, and in turn suppressed metastases. Again, in the human metastatic breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line, MnHex inhibited metastatic potential in vitro and in vivo and suppressed the RT-induced Snail expression. In addition to our previous studies showing tumor growth inhibition, this study demonstrated that MnHex carries the ability to minimize the metastatic potential of RT-treated cancers, thus overcoming their radioresistance.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Q, Zennadi R. The Role of RBC Oxidative Stress in Sickle Cell Disease: From the Molecular Basis to Pathologic Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101608. [PMID: 34679742 PMCID: PMC8533084 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited monogenic disorder and the most common severe hemoglobinopathy in the world. SCD is characterized by a point mutation in the β-globin gene, which results in hemoglobin (Hb) S production, leading to a variety of mechanistic and phenotypic changes within the sickle red blood cell (RBC). In SCD, the sickle RBCs are the root cause of the disease and they are a primary source of oxidative stress since sickle RBC redox state is compromised due to an imbalance between prooxidants and antioxidants. This imbalance in redox state is a result of a continuous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the sickle RBC caused by the constant endogenous Hb autoxidation and NADPH oxidase activation, as well as by a deficiency in the antioxidant defense system. Accumulation of non-neutralized ROS within the sickle RBCs affects RBC membrane structure and function, leading to membrane integrity deficiency, low deformability, phosphatidylserine exposure, and release of micro-vesicles. These oxidative stress-associated RBC phenotypic modifications consequently evoke a myriad of physiological changes involved in multi-system manifestations. Thus, RBC oxidative stress in SCD can ultimately instigate major processes involved in organ damage. The critical role of the sickle RBC ROS production and its regulation in SCD pathophysiology are discussed here.
Collapse
|
8
|
Sishc BJ, Ding L, Nam TK, Heer CD, Rodman SN, Schoenfeld JD, Fath MA, Saha D, Pulliam CF, Langen B, Beardsley RA, Riley DP, Keene JL, Spitz DR, Story MD. Avasopasem manganese synergizes with hypofractionated radiation to ablate tumors through the generation of hydrogen peroxide. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/593/eabb3768. [PMID: 33980575 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb3768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Avasopasem manganese (AVA or GC4419), a selective superoxide dismutase mimetic, is in a phase 3 clinical trial (NCT03689712) as a mitigator of radiation-induced mucositis in head and neck cancer based on its superoxide scavenging activity. We tested whether AVA synergized with radiation via the generation of hydrogen peroxide, the product of superoxide dismutation, to target tumor cells in preclinical xenograft models of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Treatment synergy with AVA and high dose per fraction radiation occurred when mice were given AVA once before tumor irradiation and further increased when AVA was given before and for 4 days after radiation, supporting a role for oxidative metabolism. This synergy was abrogated by conditional overexpression of catalase in the tumors. In addition, in vitro NSCLC and mammary adenocarcinoma models showed that AVA increased intracellular hydrogen peroxide concentrations and buthionine sulfoximine- and auranofin-induced inhibition of glutathione- and thioredoxin-dependent hydrogen peroxide metabolism selectively enhanced AVA-induced killing of cancer cells compared to normal cells. Gene expression in irradiated tumors treated with AVA suggested that increased inflammatory, TNFα, and apoptosis signaling also contributed to treatment synergy. These results support the hypothesis that AVA, although reducing radiotherapy damage to normal tissues, acts synergistically only with high dose per fraction radiation regimens analogous to stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy against tumors by a hydrogen peroxide-dependent mechanism. This tumoricidal synergy is now being tested in a phase I-II clinical trial in humans (NCT03340974).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brock J Sishc
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lianghao Ding
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Taek-Keun Nam
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Collin D Heer
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Samuel N Rodman
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Joshua D Schoenfeld
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Melissa A Fath
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Debabrata Saha
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Casey F Pulliam
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Britta Langen
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Robert A Beardsley
- Galera Therapeutics Inc., 2 West Liberty Blvd., Suite 110, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Dennis P Riley
- Galera Therapeutics Inc., 2 West Liberty Blvd., Suite 110, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Jeffery L Keene
- Galera Therapeutics Inc., 2 West Liberty Blvd., Suite 110, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Galera Therapeutics Inc., 2 West Liberty Blvd., Suite 110, Malvern, PA 19355, USA.
| | - Michael D Story
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mn porphyrins as a novel treatment targeting sickle cell NOXs to reverse and prevent acute vaso-occlusion in vivo. Blood Adv 2021; 4:2372-2386. [PMID: 32479589 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In sickle cell disease (SCD), adhesion of sickle red blood cells (SSRBCs) and activated leukocytes in inflamed venules affects blood rheology, causing vaso-occlusive manifestations and vital reduction in microvascular blood flow. Recently, we found that NADPH oxidases (NOXs) create a vicious feedback loop within SSRBCs. This positive feedback loop mediates SSRBC adhesion to the endothelium. We show for the first time the therapeutic effectiveness of the redox-active manganese (Mn) porphyrins MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ (MnBuOE; BMX-001) and MnTE-2-PyP5+ (MnE; BMX-010, AEOL10113) to treat established vaso-occlusion in a humanized sickle mouse model of an acute vaso-occlusive crisis using intravital microscopy. These Mn porphyrins can suppress SSRBC NOX activity. Subcutaneous administration of only 1 dose of MnBuOE or MnE at 0.1 to 2 mg/kg after the inflammatory trigger of vaso-occlusion, or simultaneously, reversed and reduced leukocyte and SSRBC adhesion, diminished leukocyte rolling, restored blood flow, and increased survival rate. Furthermore, MnBuOE and MnE administered to sickle mice subcutaneously at 0.1 to 1 mg/kg for 28 days (except on weekends) did not exacerbate anemia, which seemed to be due to downregulation of both SSRBC reactive oxygen species production and exposure of the eryptotic marker phosphatidylserine. In addition, Mn porphyrins ameliorated leukocytosis, venous blood gases, endothelial activation, and organ oxidative damage. Our data suggest that Mn porphyrins, likely by repressing NOX-mediated adhesive function of SSRBCs and activated leukocytes, could represent a novel, safe therapeutic intervention to treat or prevent the establishment of acute pain crises. These NOX-targeted antioxidants merit further assessment in SCD clinical trials.
Collapse
|
10
|
Boss MK, Oberley-Deegan RE, Batinic-Haberle I, Talmon GA, Somarelli JA, Xu S, Kosmacek EA, Griess B, Mir S, Shrishrimal S, Teoh-Fitzgerald M, Spasojevic I, Dewhirst MW. Manganese Porphyrin and Radiotherapy Improves Local Tumor Response and Overall Survival in Orthotopic Murine Mammary Carcinoma Models. Radiat Res 2021; 195:128-139. [PMID: 33264413 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00109.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Novel synthetic compounds, known as manganese porphyrins (MnPs), have been designed to shift the redox status of both normal cells and cancer cells. When MnPs are coupled with cancer therapies, such as radiation, they have been shown to sensitize tumor cells to treatment and protect normal tissues from damage through the modulation of the redox status of various tissue types. Until now, our preclinical studies have focused on local effects of MnPs and radiation; however, we recognize that successful outcomes for cancer patients involve control of tumor cells throughout the body. In this study, using murine orthotopic mammary tumor models, we investigated how MnPs and radiation influence the development of distant metastasis. We hypothesized that the combination of MnP (MnP/RT), such as MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ and radiation treatment (RT) would increase local tumor control via a shift in the intratumoral redox environment, leading to subsequent downregulation of HIF-1 in the primary tumor. Secondarily, we hypothesized that these primary tumor treatment effects would result in a reduction in pulmonary metastatic burden. Balb/c mice with orthotopic 4T1 mammary carcinomas were treated with saline, MnP, RT or MnP/RT. We found MnP/RT did extend local tumor growth delay and overall survival compared to controls and was associated with increased intratumoral oxidative stress. However, the primary tumor growth delay observed with MnP/RT was not associated with a reduced pulmonary metastatic burden. Future directions to investigate the effects of MnP/RT on the development of distant metastasis may include modifications to the radiation dose, the experimental timeline or using a murine mammary carcinoma cell line with a less aggressive metastatic behavior. Clinical trials are underway to investigate the clinical utility of MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ for patients undergoing radiotherapy for various tumor types. The promising preclinical data from this study, as well as others, provides support that MnP/RT has the potential to improve local tumor control for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Keara Boss
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Rebecca E Oberley-Deegan
- Department of b Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Jason A Somarelli
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Shengnan Xu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Elizabeth A Kosmacek
- Department of b Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Brandon Griess
- Department of b Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Shakeel Mir
- Department of b Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Shashank Shrishrimal
- Department of b Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Melissa Teoh-Fitzgerald
- Department of b Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Mark W Dewhirst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Batinic-Haberle I, Tovmasyan A, Huang Z, Duan W, Du L, Siamakpour-Reihani S, Cao Z, Sheng H, Spasojevic I, Alvarez Secord A. H 2O 2-Driven Anticancer Activity of Mn Porphyrins and the Underlying Molecular Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6653790. [PMID: 33815656 PMCID: PMC7987459 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6653790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mn(III) ortho-N-alkyl- and N-alkoxyalkyl porphyrins (MnPs) were initially developed as superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimics. These compounds were later shown to react with numerous reactive species (such as ONOO-, H2O2, H2S, CO3 •-, ascorbate, and GSH). Moreover, the ability of MnPs to oxidatively modify activities of numerous proteins has emerged as their major mechanism of action both in normal and in cancer cells. Among those proteins are transcription factors (NF-κB and Nrf2), mitogen-activated protein kinases, MAPKs, antiapoptotic bcl-2, and endogenous antioxidative defenses. The lead Mn porphyrins, namely, MnTE-2-PyP5+ (BMX-010, AEOL10113), MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ (BMX-001), and MnTnHex-2-PyP5+, were tested in numerous injuries of normal tissue and cellular and animal cancer models. The wealth of the data led to the progression of MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ into four Phase II clinical trials on glioma, head and neck cancer, anal cancer, and multiple brain metastases, while MnTE-2-PyP5+ is in Phase II clinical trial on atopic dermatitis and itch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Artak Tovmasyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Weina Duan
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Neurobiology, and Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Li Du
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Neurobiology, and Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Zhipeng Cao
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Neurobiology, and Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Huaxin Sheng
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Neurobiology, and Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) Core Laboratory, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Angeles Alvarez Secord
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Downregulation of Mcl-1 by Panobinostat Potentiates Proton Beam Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030554. [PMID: 33806487 PMCID: PMC7999709 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modulation by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors is an attractive anti-cancer strategy for diverse hematological and solid cancers. Herein, we explored the relative effectiveness of the pan-HDAC inhibitor panobinostat in combination with proton over X-ray irradiation in HCC cells. Clonogenic survival assays revealed that radiosensitization of Huh7 and Hep3B cells by panobinostat was more evident when combined with protons than X-rays. Panobinostat increased G2/M arrest and production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, which was further enhanced by proton irradiation. Immunofluorescence staining of γH2AX showed that panobinostat enhanced proton-induced DNA damage. Panobinostat dose-dependently decreased expression of an anti-apoptotic protein, Mcl-1, concomitant with increasing acetylation of histone H4. The combination of panobinostat with proton irradiation enhanced apoptotic cell death to a greater extent than that with X-ray irradiation. Depletion of Mcl-1 by RNA interference enhanced proton-induced apoptosis and proton radiosensitization, suggesting a potential role of Mcl-1 in determining proton sensitivity. Together, our findings suggest that panobinostat may be a promising combination agent for proton beam therapy in HCC treatment.
Collapse
|
13
|
Faustova M, Nikolskaya E, Sokol M, Fomicheva M, Petrov R, Yabbarov N. Metalloporphyrins in Medicine: From History to Recent Trends. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8146-8171. [PMID: 35019597 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The history of metalloporphyrins dates back more than 200 years ago. Metalloporphyrins are excellent catalysts, capable of forming supramolecular systems, participate in oxygen photosynthesis, transport, and used as contrast agents or superoxide dismutase mimetics. Today, metalloporphyrins represent complexes of conjugated π-electron system and metals from the entire periodic system. However, the effect of these compounds on living systems has not been fully understood, and researchers are exploring the properties of metalloporphyrins thereby extending their further application. This review provides an overview of the variety of metalloporphyrins that are currently used in different medicine fields and how metalloporphyrins became the subject of scientists' interest. Currently, metalloporphyrins utilization has expanded significantly, which gave us an opprotunuty to summarize recent progress in metalloporphyrins derivatives and prospects of their application in the treatment and diagnosis of different diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Faustova
- MIREA-Russian Technological University, Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, 119454 Moscow, Russia.,N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Nikolskaya
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Sokol
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.,JSC Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, 117149 Moscow Russia
| | - Margarita Fomicheva
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.,JSC Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, 117149 Moscow Russia
| | - Rem Petrov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Nikita Yabbarov
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.,JSC Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, 117149 Moscow Russia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
El-Mahdy MA, Alzarie YA, Hemann C, Badary OA, Nofal S, Zweier JL. The novel SOD mimetic GC4419 increases cancer cell killing with sensitization to ionizing radiation while protecting normal cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:630-642. [PMID: 32739595 PMCID: PMC7704930 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
While radiotherapy is a widely used treatment for many types of human cancer, problems of radio-resistance and side effects remain. Side effects induced by ionizing radiation (IR) arise primarily from its propensity to trigger inflammation and oxidative stress with damage of normal cells and tissues near the treatment area. The highly potent superoxide dismutase mimetic, GC4419 (Galera Therapeutics), rapidly enters cells and is highly effective in dismutating superoxide (O2•-). We performed studies to assess the potency of GC4419 in cancer killing and radio-sensitization in human lung cancer cells and normal immortalized lung cells. Treatment with GC4419 did not alter the radical generation during IR, primarily hydroxyl radical (.OH); however, it quenched the increased levels of O2•- detected in the cancer cells before and following IR. GC4419 triggered cancer cell death and inhibited cancer cell proliferation with no adverse effect on normal cells. Combination of GC4419 with IR augmented the cytotoxic effects of IR on cancer cells compared to monotherapy, while protecting normal cells from IR-induced cell death. DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activity assays showed that combination of GC4419 with IR enhances cancer cell apoptosis. Moreover, GC4419 increased IR-induced Bax levels with decreased Bcl-2 and elevated Bax/Bcl-2 ratio following treatment. GC4419 increased TrxR activity in the normal cells but decreased activity in cancer cells, conferring increased cancer cell sensitivity to oxidative stress. In conclusion, GC4419 increases the cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activity of IR in lung cancer cells while decreasing injury in normal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A El-Mahdy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yasmin A Alzarie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; National Organization of Drug Control and Research, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Craig Hemann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Osama A Badary
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shahira Nofal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jay L Zweier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Choi C, Cho WK, Park S, Shin SW, Park W, Kim H, Choi DH. Checkpoint Kinase 1 (CHK1) Inhibition Enhances the Sensitivity of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells to Proton Irradiation via Rad51 Downregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082691. [PMID: 32294924 PMCID: PMC7215565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to a superior dose conformity to the target, proton beam therapy (PBT) continues to rise in popularity. Recently, considerable efforts have been directed toward discovering treatment options for use in combination with PBT. This study aimed to investigate the targeting of checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), a critical player regulating the G2/M checkpoint, as a promising strategy to potentiate PBT in human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Protons induced cell-cycle arrest at the G2/M checkpoint more readily in response to increased CHK1 activation than X-rays. A clonogenic survival assay revealed that CHK1 inhibition using PF-477736 or small interfering RNA (siRNA) enhanced the sensitivity toward protons to a greater extent than toward X-rays. Western blotting demonstrated that PF-477736 treatment in the background of proton irradiation increased the pro-apoptotic signaling, which was further supported by flow cytometry using annexin V. Immunofluorescence revealed that proton-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) were further enhanced by PF-477736, which was linked to the downregulation of Rad51, essential for the homologous recombination repair of DSBs. Direct inactivation of Rad51 resulted in enhanced proton sensitization. Collectively, these data suggest that targeting CHK1 may be a promising approach for improving PBT efficacy in the treatment of TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changhoon Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.C.); (W.K.C.); (S.P.); (S.-W.S.); (W.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Won Kyung Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.C.); (W.K.C.); (S.P.); (S.-W.S.); (W.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Sohee Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.C.); (W.K.C.); (S.P.); (S.-W.S.); (W.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Sung-Won Shin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.C.); (W.K.C.); (S.P.); (S.-W.S.); (W.P.); (H.K.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Won Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.C.); (W.K.C.); (S.P.); (S.-W.S.); (W.P.); (H.K.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Haeyoung Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.C.); (W.K.C.); (S.P.); (S.-W.S.); (W.P.); (H.K.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Doo Ho Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.C.); (W.K.C.); (S.P.); (S.-W.S.); (W.P.); (H.K.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3410-2436
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Choi C, Park S, Cho WK, Choi DH. Cyclin D1 is Associated with Radiosensitivity of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells to Proton Beam Irradiation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194943. [PMID: 31591311 PMCID: PMC6801441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton therapy offers a distinct physical advantage over conventional X-ray therapy, but its biological advantages remain understudied. In this study, we aimed to identify genetic factors that contribute to proton sensitivity in breast cancer (BC). Therefore, we screened relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 230 MeV protons, compared to 6 MV X-rays, in ten human BC cell lines, including five triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. Clonogenic survival assays revealed a wide range of proton RBE across the BC cell lines, with one out of ten BC cell lines having an RBE significantly different from the traditional generic RBE of 1.1. An abundance of cyclin D1 was associated with proton RBE. Downregulation of RB1 by siRNA or a CDK4/6 inhibitor increased proton sensitivity but not proton RBE. Instead, the depletion of cyclin D1 increased proton RBE in two TNBC cell lines, including MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T cells. Conversely, overexpression of cyclin D1 decreased the proton RBE in cyclin D1-deficient BT-549 cells. The depletion of cyclin D1 impaired proton-induced RAD51 foci formation in MDA-MB-231 cells. Taken together, this study provides important clues about the cyclin D1-CDK4-RB1 pathway as a potential target for proton beam therapy in TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changhoon Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - Sohee Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - Won Kyung Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - Doo Ho Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Becatti M, Bencini A, Nistri S, Conti L, Fabbrini MG, Lucarini L, Ghini V, Severi M, Fiorillo C, Giorgi C, Sorace L, Valtancoli B, Bani D. Different Antioxidant Efficacy of Two Mn II-Containing Superoxide Anion Scavengers on Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Exposed Cardiac Muscle Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10320. [PMID: 31311943 PMCID: PMC6635543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress due to excess superoxide anion (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\bf{O}}}_{{\bf{2}}}^{{\boldsymbol{\cdot }}{\boldsymbol{-}}}$$\end{document}O2⋅−) produced by dysfunctional mitochondria is a key pathogenic event of aging and ischemia-reperfusion diseases. Here, a new \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\bf{O}}}_{{\bf{2}}}^{{\boldsymbol{\cdot }}{\boldsymbol{-}}}$$\end{document}O2⋅−-scavenging MnII complex with a new polyamino-polycarboxylate macrocycle (4,10-dimethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,7-diacetate) containing 2 quinoline units (MnQ2), designed to improve complex stability and cell permeability, was compared to parental MnII complex with methyls replacing quinolines (MnM2). MnQ2 was more stable than MnM2 (log K = 19.56(8) vs. 14.73(2) for the equilibrium Mn2+ + L2−, where L = Q2 and M2) due to the involvement of quinoline in metal binding and to the hydrophobic features of the ligand which improve metal desolvation upon complexation. As oxidative stress model, H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts were subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation. MnQ2 and MnM2 (10 μmol L−1) were added at reoxygenation for 1 or 2 h. The more lipophilic MnQ2 showed more rapid cell and mitochondrial penetration than MnM2. Both MnQ2 and MnM2 abated endogenous ROS and mitochondrial \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\bf{O}}}_{{\bf{2}}}^{{\boldsymbol{\cdot }}{\boldsymbol{-}}}$$\end{document}O2⋅−, decreased cell lipid peroxidation, reduced mitochondrial dysfunction, in terms of efficiency of the respiratory chain and preservation of membrane potential (Δψ) and permeability, decreased the activation of pro-apoptotic caspases 9 and 3, and increased cell viability. Of note, MnQ2 was more effective than MnM2 to exert cytoprotective anti-oxidant effects in the short term. Compounds with redox-inert ZnII replacing the functional MnII were ineffective. This study provides clues which further our understanding of the structure-activity relationships of MnII-chelates and suggests that MnII-polyamino-polycarboxylate macrocycles could be developed as new anti-oxidant drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Becatti
- Department of, Experimental & Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Biochemical Sciences, University of Florence, viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Bencini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Silvia Nistri
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, Research Unit of Histology & Embryology, University of Florence, viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Conti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Fabbrini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Lucarini
- Department NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Veronica Ghini
- Center of Magnetic Resonance (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Mirko Severi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Fiorillo
- Department of, Experimental & Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Biochemical Sciences, University of Florence, viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sorace
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Valtancoli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Bani
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, Research Unit of Histology & Embryology, University of Florence, viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mapuskar KA, Anderson CM, Spitz DR, Batinic-Haberle I, Allen BG, E Oberley-Deegan R. Utilizing Superoxide Dismutase Mimetics to Enhance Radiation Therapy Response While Protecting Normal Tissues. Semin Radiat Oncol 2019; 29:72-80. [PMID: 30573187 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Symptomatic normal tissue injury is a common side effect following definitive therapeutic radiation and chemotherapy treatment for a variety of malignancies. These cancer therapy related toxicities may occur acutely during treatment resulting in reduced or missed therapy agent administration or after the completion of therapy resulting in significant chronic morbidities that significantly diminish patient quality of life. Radiation and chemotherapy induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) both in normal tissues and tumor cells. One type of ROS common to both chemotherapy and radiation therapy is the formation of superoxide (O2•-). Fortunately, due to metabolic differences between cancer and normal cell metabolism, as well as improved targeting techniques, ROS generation following radiation and chemotherapy is generally greater in cancer cells compared to normal tissues. However, the levels of ROS generated in normal tissues are capable of inducing significant toxicity. Thus, several groups are focusing on metabolism-based approaches to mitigate normal tissue effects occurring both during and following cancer therapy. This review will summarize the most current preclinical and clinical data available demonstrating the efficacy of small molecule, superoxide dismutase mimetics in minimizing radiation and chemotherapy-induced normal tissue injury, resulting in enhanced patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kranti A Mapuskar
- From the Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA.; Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Carryn M Anderson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- From the Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA.; Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Bryan G Allen
- From the Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA.; Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA..
| | - Rebecca E Oberley-Deegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE..
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
MnTE-2-PyP Attenuates TGF- β-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Colorectal Cancer Cells by Inhibiting the Smad2/3 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8639791. [PMID: 30931081 PMCID: PMC6410463 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8639791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background As a key step in enhancing cancer cell invasion and metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in colorectal cancer progression. EMT is triggered by a variety of signaling pathways, among which the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway has been implicated as a primary inducer. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that MnTE-2-PyP (chemical name: manganese(III) meso-tetrakis-(N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl), a superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic, inhibits TGF-β signaling; however, its ability to inhibit TGF-β-induced EMT in colorectal cancer has not yet been explored. Methods To verify our hypothesis that MnTE-2-PyP attenuates TGF-β-induced EMT, human colorectal cancer cells were treated with TGF-β in the presence or absence of MnTE-2-PyP. Cells were analyzed by several techniques including western blotting, real-time quantitative PCR, transwell assay, and wound healing assay. Results MnTE-2-PyP reverses cell phenotypes induced by TGF-β in colon cancer cells. MnTE-2-PyP treatment significantly reduced the expression of mesenchymal markers but maintained epithelial marker expression. Mechanistically, MnTE-2-PyP suppressed the phosphorylated Smad2/3 protein levels induced by TGF-β in SW480 cells, but MnTE-2-PyP failed to suppress TGF-β-induced Slug and Snail expression in colorectal cells. Furthermore, MnTE-2-PyP effectively suppressed TGF-β-mediated cell migration and invasion and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in colorectal cells. Conclusion Taken together, we provide an in-depth mechanism by which MnTE-2-PyP inhibits colorectal cancer progression, supporting an important role for MnTE-2-PyP as an effective and innovative antitumor agent to enhance treatment outcomes in colorectal cancer.
Collapse
|
20
|
MacKinney A, Woska E, Spasojevic I, Batinic-Haberle I, Zennadi R. Disrupting the vicious cycle created by NOX activation in sickle erythrocytes exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation prevents adhesion and vasoocclusion. Redox Biol 2019; 25:101097. [PMID: 30661992 PMCID: PMC6859575 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In sickle cell disease (SCD), recurrent painful vasoocclusive crisis are likely caused by repeated episodes of hypoxia and reoxygenation. The sickle erythrocyte (SSRBC) adhesion plays an active role in vasoocclusion. However, the effect of prolonged reoxygenation after hypoxic stress on the molecular mechanisms in SSRBCs involved in onset of episodic vasoocclusion remain unclear. Exposure of human SSRBCs to hypoxia followed by 2 h reoxygenation, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Using specific pharmacological inhibitors, we show that excess ROS production in both reticulocytes and mature SSRBCs is regulated by NADPH oxidases (NOXs), the mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK1/2), and G-protein coupled-receptor kinase 2 (GRK2). Consequently, SSRBC ROS create an intracellular positive feedback loop with ERK1/2 and GRK2 to mediate SSRBC adhesion to endothelium in vitro, and vasoocclusion in a mouse model of vasoocclusion in vivo. Importantly, reducing ROS levels in SSRBCs with redox-active manganese (Mn) porphyrins, commonly known as mimics of superoxide dismutase (SOD), disrupted the cycle created by ROS by affecting NOX and GRK2 activities and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, thus abrogating RBC-endothelial interactions. Inhibition adhesion assays show that LW (ICAM-4, CD242) blood group glycoprotein and CD44 are the RBC adhesion molecules mediating endothelial binding. Conversely, hypoxia/reoxygenation of normal RBCs failed to activate this feedback loop, and adhesion. These findings provide novel insights into the pathophysiological significance of the deleterious cycle created by NOX-dependent ROS, GRK2 and ERK1/2 within SSRBCs activated by hypoxia/reoxygenation, and involved in SSRBC adhesion and vasoocclusion. Thus, this loop in SSRBCs, which can be disrupted by Mn porphyrins, likely drives the profound SCD vasculopathy, and may point to new therapeutic targets to prevent chronic vasoocclusive events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anson MacKinney
- Division of Hematology and Duke Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Departments of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Emily Woska
- Division of Hematology and Duke Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Departments of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Duke Cancer Institute, Pharmaceutical Research Shared Resource, PK/PD Core Laboratory, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Departments of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Rahima Zennadi
- Division of Hematology and Duke Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Departments of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
In this Review, we focus on catalytic antioxidant study based on transition metal complexes, organoselenium compounds, supramolecules and protein scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riku Kubota
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Japan
| | - Shoichiro Asayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Kawakami
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shin SW, Jung W, Choi C, Kim SY, Son A, Kim H, Lee N, Park HC. Fucoidan-Manganese Dioxide Nanoparticles Potentiate Radiation Therapy by Co-Targeting Tumor Hypoxia and Angiogenesis. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16120510. [PMID: 30558324 PMCID: PMC6316049 DOI: 10.3390/md16120510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is a major mechanism of resistance to radiation therapy (RT), which is associated with poor prognosis in affected cancer patients. Various approaches to treat hypoxic and radioresistant cancers, including pancreatic cancer, have shown limited success. Fucoidan, a polysaccharide from brown seaweed, has antitumor and antiangiogenesis activities. Here, we discuss the development of fucoidan-coated manganese dioxide nanoparticles (Fuco-MnO₂-NPs) and testing of the therapeutic potential with RT using pancreatic cancer models. In vitro data showed that Fuco-MnO₂-NPs generated oxygen efficiently in the presence of H₂O₂ and substantially suppressed HIF-1 expression under a hypoxic condition in human pancreatic cancer cells. Fuco-MnO₂-NPs reversed hypoxia-induced radioresistance by decreasing clonogenic survival and increasing DNA damage and apoptotic cell death in response to RT. In a BxPC3 xenograft mouse model, the combination treatment with Fuco-MnO₂-NPs and RT resulted in a greater tumor growth delay than RT alone. Fucoidan-coated NPs, but not naked ones, further suppressed tumor angiogenesis, as judged by immunohistochemistry data with diminished expression of phosphorylated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and CD31. These data suggest that Fuco-MnO₂-NPs may potentiate the effects of RT via dual targeting of tumor hypoxia and angiogenesis, and they are of great clinical potential in the treatment of hypoxic, radioresistant pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Won Shin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - Wooju Jung
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea.
| | - Changhoon Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - Shin-Yeong Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - Arang Son
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - Hakyoung Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - Nohyun Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea.
| | - Hee Chul Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Batinic-Haberle I, Tovmasyan A, Spasojevic I. Mn Porphyrin-Based Redox-Active Drugs: Differential Effects as Cancer Therapeutics and Protectors of Normal Tissue Against Oxidative Injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1691-1724. [PMID: 29926755 PMCID: PMC6207162 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE After approximatelty three decades of research, two Mn(III) porphyrins (MnPs), MnTE-2-PyP5+ (BMX-010, AEOL10113) and MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ (BMX-001), have progressed to five clinical trials. In parallel, another similarly potent metal-based superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimic-Mn(II)pentaaza macrocycle, GC4419-has been tested in clinical trial on application, identical to that of MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+-radioprotection of normal tissue in head and neck cancer patients. This clearly indicates that Mn complexes that target cellular redox environment have reached sufficient maturity for clinical applications. Recent Advances: While originally developed as SOD mimics, MnPs undergo intricate interactions with numerous redox-sensitive pathways, such as those involving nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), thereby impacting cellular transcriptional activity. An increasing amount of data support the notion that MnP/H2O2/glutathione (GSH)-driven catalysis of S-glutathionylation of protein cysteine, associated with modification of protein function, is a major action of MnPs on molecular level. CRITICAL ISSUES Differential effects of MnPs on normal versus tumor cells/tissues, which support their translation into clinic, arise from differences in their accumulation and redox environment of such tissues. This in turn results in different yields of MnP-driven modifications of proteins. Thus far, direct evidence for such modification of NF-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), phosphatases, Nrf2, and endogenous antioxidative defenses was provided in tumor, while indirect evidence shows the modification of NF-κB and Nrf2 translational activities by MnPs in normal tissue. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Studies that simultaneously explore differential effects in same animal are lacking, while they are essential for understanding of extremely intricate interactions of metal-based drugs with complex cellular networks of normal and cancer cells/tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Batinic-Haberle
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Artak Tovmasyan
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- 2 Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina.,3 PK/PD Core Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Research Shared Resource, Duke Cancer Institute , Durham, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chaiswing L, St. Clair WH, St. Clair DK. Redox Paradox: A Novel Approach to Therapeutics-Resistant Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1237-1272. [PMID: 29325444 PMCID: PMC6157438 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cancer cells that are resistant to radiation and chemotherapy are a major problem limiting the success of cancer therapy. Aggressive cancer cells depend on elevated intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to proliferate, self-renew, and metastasize. As a result, these aggressive cancers maintain high basal levels of ROS compared with normal cells. The prominence of the redox state in cancer cells led us to consider whether increasing the redox state to the condition of oxidative stress could be used as a successful adjuvant therapy for aggressive cancers. Recent Advances: Past attempts using antioxidant compounds to inhibit ROS levels in cancers as redox-based therapy have met with very limited success. However, recent clinical trials using pro-oxidant compounds reveal noteworthy results, which could have a significant impact on the development of strategies for redox-based therapies. CRITICAL ISSUES The major objective of this review is to discuss the role of the redox state in aggressive cancers and how to utilize the shift in redox state to improve cancer therapy. We also discuss the paradox of redox state parameters; that is, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the driver molecule for cancer progression as well as a target for cancer treatment. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Based on the biological significance of the redox state, we postulate that this system could potentially be used to create a new avenue for targeted therapy, including the potential to incorporate personalized redox therapy for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luksana Chaiswing
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky-Lexington, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - William H. St. Clair
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky-Lexington, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Daret K. St. Clair
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky-Lexington, Lexington, Kentucky
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tovmasyan A, Bueno-Janice JC, Jaramillo MC, Sampaio RS, Reboucas JS, Kyui N, Benov L, Deng B, Huang TT, Tome ME, Spasojevic I, Batinic-Haberle I. Radiation-Mediated Tumor Growth Inhibition Is Significantly Enhanced with Redox-Active Compounds That Cycle with Ascorbate. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1196-1214. [PMID: 29390861 PMCID: PMC6157436 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We aim here to demonstrate that radiation (RT) enhances tumor sensitization by only those Mn complexes that are redox active and cycle with ascorbate (Asc), thereby producing H2O2 and utilizing it subsequently in protein S-glutathionylation in a glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like manner. In turn, such compounds affect cellular redox environment, described by glutathione disulfide (GSSG)/glutathione (GSH) ratio, and tumor growth. To achieve our goal, we tested several Mn complexes of different chemical and physical properties in cellular and animal flank models of 4T1 breast cancer cell. Four other cancer cell lines were used to substantiate key findings. RESULTS Joint administration of cationic Mn porphyrin (MnP)-based redox active compounds, MnTE-2-PyP5+ or MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ with RT and Asc contributes to high H2O2 production in cancer cells and tumor, which along with high MnP accumulation in cancer cells and tumor induces the largest suppression of cell viability and tumor growth, while increasing GSSG/GSH ratio and levels of total S-glutathionylated proteins. Redox-inert MnP, MnTBAP3- and two other different types of redox-active Mn complexes (EUK-8 and M40403) were neither efficacious in the cellular nor in the animal model. Such outcome is in accordance with their inability to catalyze Asc oxidation and mimic GPx. INNOVATION We provided here the first evidence how structure-activity relationship between the catalytic potency and the redox properties of Mn complexes controls their ability to impact cellular redox environment and thus enhance the radiation and ascorbate-mediated tumor suppression. CONCLUSIONS The interplay between the accumulation of cationic MnPs and their potency as catalysts for oxidation of Asc, protein cysteines, and GSH controls the magnitude of their anticancer therapeutic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artak Tovmasyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Romulo S. Sampaio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Julio S. Reboucas
- Departamento de Quimica, CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Natalia Kyui
- Canadian Economic Analysis Department, Bank of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ludmil Benov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Brian Deng
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, California
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ting-Ting Huang
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Geriatric Research. Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Margaret E. Tome
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- PK/PD Core Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Research Shared Resource, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Radiosensitization by Marine Sponge Agelas sp. Extracts in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells with Autophagy Induction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6317. [PMID: 29679028 PMCID: PMC5910397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24745-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although radiation therapy is an effective treatment modality in many cancers, there is an urgent need to develop therapeutic drugs capable of overcoming radioresistance or minimizing normal tissue toxicity. A wide variety of marine-derived bioactive compounds have been screened for anti-cancer drug discovery, but little is known regarding radiation therapy applications. In this study, six different extracts of marine sponges collected from the Micronesian sea were screened for anti-cancer and radiosensitizing activity. Two extracts derived from Agelas sponges collected off the coast of Kosrae and Chuuk, the Federated States of Micronesia significantly decreased clonogenic survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells after exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). The Agelas extracts augmented IR-induced apoptosis and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was increased via unfolded protein response stimulation, which induced autophagy. N-acetylcysteine, a ROS scavenger, diminished ER stress and autophagy induction effects. This result indicated that Agelas extracts may sensitize HCC cells to IR via ROS overproduction in vitro. Our findings suggest that the Agelas sp. may have potential utility in radiosensitizer development.
Collapse
|
27
|
Cline JM, Dugan G, Bourland JD, Perry DL, Stitzel JD, Weaver AA, Jiang C, Tovmasyan A, Owzar K, Spasojevic I, Batinic-Haberle I, Vujaskovic Z. Post-Irradiation Treatment with a Superoxide Dismutase Mimic, MnTnHex-2-PyP 5+, Mitigates Radiation Injury in the Lungs of Non-Human Primates after Whole-Thorax Exposure to Ionizing Radiation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018. [PMID: 29518913 PMCID: PMC5874526 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation injury to the lung is the result of acute and chronic free radical formation, and there are currently few effective means of mitigating such injury. Studies in rodents indicate that superoxide dismutase mimetics may be effective in this regard; however, studies in humans or large animals are lacking. We hypothesized that post-exposure treatment with the lipophilic mitochondrial superoxide dismutase mimetic, MnTnHex-2-PyP5+ (hexyl), would reduce radiation-induced pneumonitis and fibrosis in the lungs of nonhuman primates. Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) received 10 Gy whole thorax irradiation, 10 Gy + hexyl treatment, sham irradiation, or sham irradiation + hexyl. Hexyl was given twice daily, subcutaneously, at 0.05 mg/kg, for 2 months. Animals were monitored daily, and respiratory rates, pulse oximetry, hematology and serum chemistry panels were performed weekly. Computed tomography scans were performed at 0, 2, and 4 months after irradiation. Supportive fluid therapy, corticosteroids, analgesics, and antibiotics were given as needed. All animals were humanely euthanized 4.5 months after irradiation, and pathologic assessments were made. Multifocal, progressive lung lesions were seen at 2 and 4 months in both irradiated groups. Hexyl treatment delayed the onset of radiation-induced lung lesions, reduced elevations of respiratory rate, and reduced pathologic increases in lung weight. No adverse effects of hexyl treatment were found. These results demonstrate (1) development of a nonhuman primate model of radiation-induced lung injury, (2) a significant mitigating effect of hexyl treatment on lung pathology in this model, and (3) no evidence for toxicity of hexyl at the dose studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Mark Cline
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1040, USA.
| | - Greg Dugan
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1040, USA.
| | - John Daniel Bourland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1040, USA.
| | - Donna L Perry
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1040, USA.
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Joel D Stitzel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Biotech Place, 575 N. Patterson Ave., Winston-Salem, NC 21701, USA.
| | - Ashley A Weaver
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Biotech Place, 575 N. Patterson Ave., Winston-Salem, NC 21701, USA.
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Artak Tovmasyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Kouros Owzar
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
- Duke Cancer Institute, Pharmaceutical Research Shared Resource, PK/PD Core Laboratory, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Zeljko Vujaskovic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chaiswing L, Weiss HL, Jayswal RD, St. Clair DK, Kyprianou N. Profiles of Radioresistance Mechanisms in Prostate Cancer. Crit Rev Oncog 2018; 23:39-67. [PMID: 29953367 PMCID: PMC6231577 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2018025946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is commonly used for the treatment of localized prostate cancer (PCa). However, cancer cells often develop resistance to radiation through unknown mechanisms and pose an intractable challenge. Radiation resistance is highly unpredictable, rendering the treatment less effective in many patients and frequently causing metastasis and cancer recurrence. Understanding the molecular events that cause radioresistance in PCa will enable us to develop adjuvant treatments for enhancing the efficacy of RT. Radioresistant PCa depends on the elevated DNA repair system and the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to proliferate, self-renew, and scavenge anti-cancer regimens, whereas the elevated heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) enable radioresistant PCa cells to metastasize after exposure to radiation. The up-regulation of the DNA repairing system, ROS, HSP90, and EMT effectors has been studied extensively, but not targeted by adjuvant therapy of radioresistant PCa. Here, we emphasize the effects of ionizing radiation and the mechanisms driving the emergence of radioresistant PCa. We also address the markers of radioresistance, the gene signatures for the predictive response to radiotherapy, and novel therapeutic platforms for targeting radioresistant PCa. This review provides significant insights into enhancing the current knowledge and the understanding toward optimization of these markers for the treatment of radioresistant PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi L. Weiss
- The Markey Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource Facility
| | - Rani D. Jayswal
- The Markey Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource Facility
| | | | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology
- Department of Urology
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Valproic Acid Sensitizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Proton Therapy by Suppressing NRF2 Activation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14986. [PMID: 29118323 PMCID: PMC5678087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although efficacy of combined histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and conventional photon radiotherapy is being tested in clinical trials, their combined effect with proton beam radiotherapy has yet to be determined. Here, we compared combined effect of valproic acid (VPA), a class I and II HDAC inhibitor and antiepileptic drug with proton and photon irradiation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in vitro and in vivo. We found that VPA sensitized more Hep3B cells to proton than to photon irradiation. VPA prolonged proton-induced DNA damage and augmented proton-induced apoptosis. In addition, VPA further increased proton-induced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and suppressed expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a key transcription factor regulating antioxidant response. Downregulation of NRF2 by siRNA transfection increased proton-induced apoptotic cell death, supporting NRF2 as a target of VPA in radiosensitization. In Hep3B tumor xenograft models, VPA significantly enhanced proton-induced tumor growth delay with increased apoptosis and decreased NRF2 expression in vivo. Collectively, our study highlights a proton radiosensitizing effect of VPA in HCC cells. As NRF2 is an emerging prognostic marker contributing to radioresistance in HCC, targeting NRF2 pathway may impact clinical outcome of proton beam radiotherapy.
Collapse
|
30
|
CNS bioavailability and radiation protection of normal hippocampal neurogenesis by a lipophilic Mn porphyrin-based superoxide dismutase mimic, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP 5. Redox Biol 2017; 12:864-871. [PMID: 28454069 PMCID: PMC5407575 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although radiation therapy can be effective against cancer, potential damage to normal tissues limits the amount that can be safely administered. In central nervous system (CNS), radiation damage to normal tissues is presented, in part, as suppressed hippocampal neurogenesis and impaired cognitive functions. Mn porphyrin (MnP)-based redox active drugs have demonstrated differential effects on cancer and normal tissues in experimental animals that lead to protection of normal tissues and radio- and chemo-sensitization of cancers. To test the efficacy of MnPs in CNS radioprotection, we first examined the tissue levels of three different MnPs – MnTE-2-PyP5+(MnE), MnTnHex-2-PyP5+(MnHex), and MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+(MnBuOE). Nanomolar concentrations of MnHex and MnBuOE were detected in various brain regions after daily subcutaneous administration, and MnBuOE was well tolerated at a daily dose of 3 mg/kg. Administration of MnBuOE for one week before cranial irradiation and continued for one week afterwards supported production and long-term survival of newborn neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. MnP-driven S-glutathionylation in cortex and hippocampus showed differential responses to MnP administration and radiation in these two brain regions. A better understanding of how preserved hippocampal neurogenesis correlates with cognitive functions following cranial irradiation will be helpful in designing better MnP-based radioprotection strategies. Bioavailability of MnPs in individual brain regions were determined by LC-MS/MS. CNS MnBuOE and MnHex levels were between 15 and 160 nM after daily administration. MnBuOE administration ameliorated radiation effects on hippocampal neurogenesis. MnBuOE preserved categories E&F Dcx+ neurons after cranial irradiation. MnBuOE and irradiation lead to changes in protein S-glutathionylation in the CNS.
Collapse
|