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Zhang H, Muhetarijiang M, Chen RJ, Hu X, Han J, Zheng L, Chen T. Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Roadmap for Understanding and Tackling Cardiovascular Aging. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0058. [PMID: 38739929 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular aging is a progressive remodeling process constituting a variety of cellular and molecular alterations that are closely linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, gaining a deeper understanding of the changes in mitochondrial function during cardiovascular aging is crucial for preventing cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac aging is accompanied by fibrosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, metabolic changes, and infiltration of immune cells, collectively contributing to the overall remodeling of the heart. Similarly, during vascular aging, there is a profound remodeling of blood vessel structure. These remodeling present damage to endothelial cells, increased vascular stiffness, impaired formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis), the development of arteriosclerosis, and chronic vascular inflammation. This review underscores the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac aging, exploring its impact on fibrosis and myocardial alterations, metabolic remodeling, immune response remodeling, as well as in vascular aging in the heart. Additionally, we emphasize the significance of mitochondria-targeted therapies in preventing cardiovascular diseases in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mairedan Muhetarijiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ryan J Chen
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaosheng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangrong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Wang Y, Zeng Q, Tian Y, Deng Q, Xiao R, Luo X, Zeng T, Zhang F, Zhang L, Jiang B, Liu Q. The histone deacetylase SRT2 enhances the tolerance of chrysanthemum to low temperatures through the ROS scavenging system. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108405. [PMID: 38354529 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Low temperatures can severely affect plant growth and reduce their ornamental value. A family of plant histone deacetylases allows plants to cope with both biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we screened and cloned the cDNA of DgSRT2 obtained from transcriptome sequencing of chrysanthemum leaves under low-temperature stress. Sequence analysis showed that DgSRT2 belongs to the sirtuin family of histone deacetylases. We obtained the stable transgenic chrysanthemum lines OE-2 and OE-12. DgSRT2 showed tissue specificity in wild-type chrysanthemum and was most highly expressed in leaves. Under low-temperature stress, the OE lines showed higher survival rates, proline content, solute content, and antioxidant enzyme activities, and lower relative electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide ion accumulation than the wild-type lines. This work suggests that DgSRT2 can serve as an essential gene for enhancing cold resistance in plants. In addition, a series of cold-responsive genes in the OE line were compared with WT. The results showed that DgSRT2 exerted a positive regulatory effect by up-regulating the transcript levels of cold-responsive genes. The above genes help to increase antioxidant activity, maintain membrane stability and improve osmoregulation, thereby enhancing survival under cold stress. It can be concluded from the above work that DgSRT2 enhances chrysanthemum tolerance to low temperatures by scavenging the ROS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Wang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Qinhan Zeng
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Yuchen Tian
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Qingwu Deng
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Runsi Xiao
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Xuanling Luo
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Beibei Jiang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Qinglin Liu
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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Salomone F, Pipitone RM, Longo M, Malvestiti F, Amorini AM, Distefano A, Casirati E, Ciociola E, Iraci N, Leggio L, Zito R, Vicario N, Saoca C, Pennisi G, Cabibi D, Lazzarino G, Fracanzani AL, Dongiovanni P, Valenti L, Petta S, Volti GL, Grimaudo S. SIRT5 rs12216101 T>G variant is associated with liver damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2024; 80:10-19. [PMID: 37890719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sirtuin 5, encoded by the SIRT5 gene, is a NAD+-dependent deacylase that modulates mitochondrial metabolic processes through post-translational modifications. In this study, we aimed to examine the impact of the SIRT5 rs12216101 T>G non-coding single nucleotide polymorphism on disease severity in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS The rs12216101 variant was genotyped in 2,606 consecutive European patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD. Transcriptomic analysis, expression of mitochondrial complexes and oxidative stress levels were measured in liver samples from a subset of bariatric patients. Effects of SIRT5 pharmacological inhibition were evaluated in HepG2 cells exposed to excess free fatty acids. Mitochondrial energetics in vitro were investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS In the whole cohort, the frequency distribution of SIRT5 rs12216101 TT, TG and GG genotypes was 47.0%, 42.3% and 10.7%, respectively. At multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for sex, age >50 years, diabetes, and PNPLA3 rs738409 status, the SIRT5 rs12216101 T>G variant was associated with the presence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (odds ratio 1.20, 95% CI 1.03-1.40) and F2-F4 fibrosis (odds ratio 1.18; 95% CI 1.00-1.37). Transcriptomic analysis showed that the SIRT5 rs12216101 T>G variant was associated with upregulation of transcripts involved in mitochondrial metabolic pathways, including the oxidative phosphorylation system. In patients carrying the G allele, western blot analysis confirmed an upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation complexes III, IV, V and consistently higher levels of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species and malondialdehyde, and lower ATP levels. Administration of a pharmacological SIRT5 inhibitor preserved mitochondrial energetic homeostasis in HepG2 cells, as evidenced by restored ATP/ADP, NAD+/NADH, NADP+/NADPH ratios and glutathione levels. CONCLUSIONS The SIRT5 rs12216101 T>G variant, heightening SIRT5 activity, is associated with liver damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress in patients with NAFLD. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS In this study we discovered that the SIRT5 rs12216101 T>G variant is associated with higher disease severity in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This risk variant leads to a SIRT5 gain-of-function, enhancing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and thus leading to oxidative stress. SIRT5 may represent a novel disease modulator in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Salomone
- Division of Gastroenterology, Ospedale di Acireale, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | | | - Miriam Longo
- Medicine & Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Malvestiti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alfio Distefano
- Deparment of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elia Casirati
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ester Ciociola
- Deparment of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nunzio Iraci
- Department BIOMETEC, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Zito
- Department PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department BIOMETEC, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Concetta Saoca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Grazia Pennisi
- Department PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Cabibi
- Department PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Anna Ludovica Fracanzani
- Medicine & Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- Medicine & Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Li C, Chen F, Lin L, Li J, Zheng Y, Chen Q. CSE triggers ferroptosis via SIRT4-mediated GNPAT deacetylation in the pathogenesis of COPD. Respir Res 2023; 24:301. [PMID: 38041059 PMCID: PMC10691148 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is now understood that ferroptosis plays a significant role in the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE). However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain largely unclear. METHODS In this study, we established a COPD mouse model through exposure to cigarette smoke particulates, followed by H&E staining, analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and immunohistochemistry assay. A549 cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of CSE, with the addition of the ferroptosis activator erastin or the inhibitor Fer-1. Cell viability, LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) release, inflammatory cytokines, total ROS (reactive oxygen species), and lipid ROS were measured using the corresponding assay kits. The acetylation level of GNPAT was determined through immunoprecipitation. We assessed the expression levels of molecules involved in plasmalogen biosynthesis (FAR1, AGPS, and GNPAT), GPX4, and SIRT4 using quantitative real-time PCR, western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS CSE-induced lung tissue damage was initially observed, accompanied by oxidative stress, ferroptosis, and increased plasmalogen biosynthesis molecules (FAR1, AGPS, and GNPAT). CSE also induced ferroptosis in A549 cells, resulting in reduced cell viability, GSH, and GPX4 levels, along with increased LDH, ROS, MDA (malondialdehyde) levels, oxidized lipids, and elevated FAR1, AGPS, and GNPAT expression. Knockdown of GNPAT mitigated CSE-induced ferroptosis. Furthermore, we found that CSE regulated the acetylation and protein levels of GNPAT by modulating SIRT4 expression. Importantly, the overexpression of GNPAT countered the inhibitory effects of SIRT4 on ferroptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed GNPAT could be deacetylated by SIRT4, providing novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the relationship between CSE-induced ferroptosis and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congping Li
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou City, Hainan Province, 570311, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Laboratory, AffIliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Hainan Branch, Sanya City, Hainan Province, 572000, China
| | - Liangfen Lin
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, DingAn People's Hospital, Dingan City, Hainan Province, 571200, China
| | - Jiwei Li
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), No.19 Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou City, Hainan Province, 570311, China
| | - Yamei Zheng
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), No.19 Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou City, Hainan Province, 570311, China
| | - Qingyun Chen
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), No.19 Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou City, Hainan Province, 570311, China.
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Afshari H, Noori S, Zarghi A. A novel combination of metformin and resveratrol alleviates hepatic steatosis by activating autophagy through the cAMP/AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3135-3148. [PMID: 37209153 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent liver disorder that is associated with the accumulation of triglycerides (TG) in hepatocytes. Resveratrol (RSV), as a natural product, and metformin have been reported to have potential lipid-lowering effects for the treatment of NAFLD via autophagy, but the combined effects of both have not yet been studied. The current study aimed to investigate the role of autophagy in the lipid-lowering effects of RSV, alone and in combination with metformin, on the hepatic steatosis model of HepG2 cells and elucidate the mechanism of action. Triglyceride measurement and real-time PCR showed that RSV-metformin reduced lipid accumulation and the expression of lipogenic genes in palmitic acid (PA)-induced HepG2 cells. Additionally, the LDH release assay indicated that this combination protected HepG2 cells against PA-induced cell death through autophagy. The western blotting analysis revealed that RSV-metformin induced autophagy by reducing the expression of p62 and increasing LC3-I and LC3-II proteins. This combination also enhanced cAMP, phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), and Beclin-1 levels in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, SIRT1 inhibitor treatment inhibited autophagy induced by RSV-metformin, which indicated the autophagy induction is SIRT1-dependent. This study demonstrated for the first time that RSV-metformin reduced hepatic steatosis by triggering autophagy via the cAMP/AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havva Afshari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoofe Noori
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Afshin Zarghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Liu Y, Cui H, Mei C, Cui M, He Q, Wang Q, Li D, Song Y, Li J, Chen S, Zhu C. Sirtuin4 alleviates severe acute pancreatitis by regulating HIF-1α/HO-1 mediated ferroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:694. [PMID: 37865653 PMCID: PMC10590376 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common emergency of the digestive system and serious cases can develop into severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), which ortality rates up to 30%. Sirtuin4 (SIRT4) is a member of the sirtuin family, and plays a key role in inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the potential role of SIRT4 in SAP has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we found that the expression level of SIRT4 in human AP was downregulated by screening a public database, suggesting that SIRT4 may play a role in AP. Subsequently, we used L-arginine (L-Arg) to induce SAP in SIRT4 knockout (SIRT4_KO) and SIRT4 overexpression (AAV_SIRT4) mice. The results showed that the pancreatic tissue injury and related lung and kidney injury were serious in SIRT4_KO mice after SAP induction, but were significantly reduced in AAV_SIRT4 mice. More importantly, we found that the levels of antioxidant factors GSH and SOD were decreased in SIRT4_KO mice, and the production of oxidative products and lipid peroxidation markers was increased, suggesting that SIRT4 was involved in inflammation and oxidative stress during SAP. Further studies showed that the absence or overexpression of SIRT4 affected the expression level of Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) after SAP induction, and regulated the expression of ferroptosis related proteins by mediating HIF-1α/HO-1 pathway. Collectively, our study revealed that SIRT4 plays a protective role in SAP by regulating the HIF-1α/HO-1 pathway to inhibit ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Henan Emergency and Trauma Medicine Engineering Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Huning Cui
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Henan Emergency and Trauma Medicine Engineering Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Translational Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Chaopeng Mei
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Henan Emergency and Trauma Medicine Engineering Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Translational Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Mengwei Cui
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Henan Emergency and Trauma Medicine Engineering Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Translational Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Qianqian He
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Henan Emergency and Trauma Medicine Engineering Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Translational Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Qiaofang Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Henan Emergency and Trauma Medicine Engineering Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Dejian Li
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Henan Emergency and Trauma Medicine Engineering Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yaodong Song
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Henan Emergency and Trauma Medicine Engineering Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Jiye Li
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Henan Emergency and Trauma Medicine Engineering Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Sanyang Chen
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
- Henan Emergency and Trauma Medicine Engineering Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
- Translational Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
| | - Changju Zhu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
- Henan Emergency and Trauma Medicine Engineering Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
- Translational Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
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7
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Ling C, Versloot CJ, Arvidsson Kvissberg ME, Hu G, Swain N, Horcas-Nieto JM, Miraglia E, Thind MK, Farooqui A, Gerding A, van Eunen K, Koster MH, Kloosterhuis NJ, Chi L, ChenMi Y, Langelaar-Makkinje M, Bourdon C, Swann J, Smit M, de Bruin A, Youssef SA, Feenstra M, van Dijk TH, Thedieck K, Jonker JW, Kim PK, Bakker BM, Bandsma RHJ. Rebalancing of mitochondrial homeostasis through an NAD +-SIRT1 pathway preserves intestinal barrier function in severe malnutrition. EBioMedicine 2023; 96:104809. [PMID: 37738832 PMCID: PMC10520344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestine of children with severe malnutrition (SM) shows structural and functional changes that are linked to increased infection and mortality. SM dysregulates the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway, which may impact processes such as SIRT1- and mTORC1-mediated autophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis. Using a mouse and organoid model of SM, we studied the repercussions of these dysregulations on malnutrition enteropathy and the protective capacity of maintaining autophagy activity and mitochondrial health. METHODS SM was induced through feeding male weanling C57BL/6 mice a low protein diet (LPD) for 14-days. Mice were either treated with the NAD+-precursor, nicotinamide; an mTORC1-inhibitor, rapamycin; a SIRT1-activator, resveratrol; or SIRT1-inhibitor, EX-527. Malnutrition enteropathy was induced in enteric organoids through amino-acid deprivation. Features of and pathways to malnutrition enteropathy were examined, including paracellular permeability, nutrient absorption, and autophagic, mitochondrial, and reactive-oxygen-species (ROS) abnormalities. FINDINGS LPD-feeding and ensuing low-tryptophan availability led to villus atrophy, nutrient malabsorption, and intestinal barrier dysfunction. In LPD-fed mice, nicotinamide-supplementation was linked to SIRT1-mediated activation of mitophagy, which reduced damaged mitochondria, and improved intestinal barrier function. Inhibition of mTORC1 reduced intestinal barrier dysfunction and nutrient malabsorption. Findings were validated and extended using an organoid model, demonstrating that resolution of mitochondrial ROS resolved barrier dysfunction. INTERPRETATION Malnutrition enteropathy arises from a dysregulation of the SIRT1 and mTORC1 pathways, leading to disrupted autophagy, mitochondrial homeostasis, and ROS. Whether nicotinamide-supplementation in children with SM could ameliorate malnutrition enteropathy should be explored in clinical trials. FUNDING This work was supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Sickkids Research Institute, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and the University Medical Center Groningen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Ling
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christian J Versloot
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Matilda E Arvidsson Kvissberg
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Guanlan Hu
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan Swain
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - José M Horcas-Nieto
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Emily Miraglia
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mehakpreet K Thind
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amber Farooqui
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Albert Gerding
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Karen van Eunen
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam H Koster
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels J Kloosterhuis
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lijun Chi
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - YueYing ChenMi
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Miriam Langelaar-Makkinje
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Celine Bourdon
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan Swann
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Marieke Smit
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Dutch Molecular Pathology Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sameh A Youssef
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Dutch Molecular Pathology Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Janssen Pharmaceutica Research and Development, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Marjon Feenstra
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Theo H van Dijk
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Thedieck
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johan W Jonker
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Barbara M Bakker
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Robert H J Bandsma
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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8
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Harrington JS, Ryter SW, Plataki M, Price DR, Choi AMK. Mitochondria in health, disease, and aging. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2349-2422. [PMID: 37021870 PMCID: PMC10393386 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00058.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are well known as organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular bioenergetics through the production of ATP. Although oxidative phosphorylation may be their most important function, mitochondria are also integral for the synthesis of metabolic precursors, calcium regulation, the production of reactive oxygen species, immune signaling, and apoptosis. Considering the breadth of their responsibilities, mitochondria are fundamental for cellular metabolism and homeostasis. Appreciating this significance, translational medicine has begun to investigate how mitochondrial dysfunction can represent a harbinger of disease. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of mitochondrial metabolism, cellular bioenergetics, mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns, mitochondria-mediated cell death pathways, and how mitochondrial dysfunction at any of these levels is associated with disease pathogenesis. Mitochondria-dependent pathways may thereby represent an attractive therapeutic target for ameliorating human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Harrington
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | | | - Maria Plataki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - David R Price
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
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9
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Zhang J, Qiu Z, Zhang Y, Wang G, Hao H. Intracellular spatiotemporal metabolism in connection to target engagement. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 200:115024. [PMID: 37516411 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism in eukaryotic cells is a highly ordered system involving various cellular compartments, which fluctuates based on physiological rhythms. Organelles, as the smallest independent sub-cell unit, are important contributors to cell metabolism and drug metabolism, collectively designated intracellular metabolism. However, disruption of intracellular spatiotemporal metabolism can lead to disease development and progression, as well as drug treatment interference. In this review, we systematically discuss spatiotemporal metabolism in cells and cell subpopulations. In particular, we focused on metabolism compartmentalization and physiological rhythms, including the variation and regulation of metabolic enzymes, metabolic pathways, and metabolites. Additionally, the intricate relationship among intracellular spatiotemporal metabolism, metabolism-related diseases, and drug therapy/toxicity has been discussed. Finally, approaches and strategies for intracellular spatiotemporal metabolism analysis and potential target identification are introduced, along with examples of potential new drug design based on this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixia Qiu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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10
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Mayor E. Neurotrophic effects of intermittent fasting, calorie restriction and exercise: a review and annotated bibliography. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1161814. [PMID: 37334045 PMCID: PMC10273285 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1161814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, important progress has been achieved in the understanding of the neurotrophic effects of intermittent fasting (IF), calorie restriction (CR) and exercise. Improved neuroprotection, synaptic plasticity and adult neurogenesis (NSPAN) are essential examples of these neurotrophic effects. The importance in this respect of the metabolic switch from glucose to ketone bodies as cellular fuel has been highlighted. More recently, calorie restriction mimetics (CRMs; resveratrol and other polyphenols in particular) have been investigated thoroughly in relation to NSPAN. In the narrative review sections of this manuscript, recent findings on these essential functions are synthesized and the most important molecules involved are presented. The most researched signaling pathways (PI3K, Akt, mTOR, AMPK, GSK3β, ULK, MAPK, PGC-1α, NF-κB, sirtuins, Notch, Sonic hedgehog and Wnt) and processes (e.g., anti-inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis) that support or thwart neuroprotection, synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis are then briefly presented. This provides an accessible entry point to the literature. In the annotated bibliography section of this contribution, brief summaries are provided of about 30 literature reviews relating to the neurotrophic effects of interest in relation to IF, CR, CRMs and exercise. Most of the selected reviews address these essential functions from the perspective of healthier aging (sometimes discussing epigenetic factors) and the reduction of the risk for neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease) and depression or the improvement of cognitive function.
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11
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Weng SW, Wu JC, Shen FC, Chang YH, Su YJ, Lian WS, Tai MH, Su CH, Chuang JH, Lin TK, Liou CW, Chu TH, Kao YH, Wang FS, Wang PW. Chaperonin counteracts diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by aiding sirtuin 3 in the control of fatty acid oxidation. Diabetologia 2023; 66:913-930. [PMID: 36692509 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05869-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The mitochondrial chaperonin heat shock protein (HSP) 60 is indispensable in protein folding and the mitochondrial stress response; however, its role in nutrient metabolism remains uncertain. This study investigated the role of HSP60 in diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS We studied human biopsies from individuals with NAFLD, murine high-fat-diet (HFD; a diet with 60% energy from fat)-induced obesity (DIO), transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing Hsp60 (Hsp60-Tg), and human HepG2 cells transfected with HSP60 cDNA or with HSP60 siRNA. Histomorphometry was used to assess hepatic steatosis, biochemistry kits were used to measure insulin resistance and glucose tolerance, and an automated home cage phenotyping system was used to assess energy expenditure. Body fat was assessed using MRI. Macrophage infiltration, the lipid oxidation marker 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and the oxidative damage marker 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were detected using immunohistochemistry. Intracellular lipid droplets were evaluated by Nile red staining. Expression of HSP60, and markers of lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation were quantified using RT-PCR and immunoblotting. Investigations were analysed using the two-way ANOVA test. RESULTS Decreased HSP60 expression correlated with severe steatosis in human NAFLD biopsies and murine DIO. Hsp60-Tg mice developed less body fat, had reduced serum triglyceride levels, lower levels of insulin resistance and higher serum adiponectin levels than wild-type mice upon HFD feeding. Respiratory quotient profile indicated that fat in Hsp60-Tg mice may be metabolised to meet energy demands. Hsp60-Tg mice showed amelioration of HFD-mediated hepatic steatosis, M1/M2 macrophage dysregulation, and 4-HNE and 8-OHdG overproduction. Forced HSP60 expression reduced the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, while preserving mitochondrial respiratory complex activity and enhancing fatty acid oxidation. Furthermore, HSP60 knockdown enhanced intracellular lipid formation and loss of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) signalling in HepG2 cells upon incubation with palmitic acid (PA). Forced HSP60 expression improved SIRT3 signalling and repressed PA-mediated intracellular lipid formation. SIRT3 inhibition compromised HSP60-induced promotion of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα levels), while also decreasing levels of fatty acid oxidation markers. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION Mitochondrial HSP60 promotes fatty acid oxidation while repressing mitochondrial stress and inflammation to ameliorate the development of NAFLD by preserving SIRT3 signalling. This study reveals the hepatoprotective effects of HSP60 and indicates that HSP60 could play a fundamental role in the development of therapeutics for NAFLD or type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Wen Weng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ching Wu
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chih Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsiang Chang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jih Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shiung Lian
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Tai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Neuroscience, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Su
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for General Education, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Haur Chuang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Kung Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Huei Chu
- Medical Laboratory, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Medical Education and Research Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsien Kao
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Sheng Wang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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12
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NAD +-Consuming Enzymes in Stem Cell Homeostasis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:4985726. [PMID: 36819783 PMCID: PMC9931471 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4985726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme used in redox reactions, energy metabolism, and mitochondrial biogenesis. NAD+ is also required as a cofactor by nonredox NAD+-dependent enzymes. Hundreds of enzymes that consume NAD+ have been identified. The NAD+-consuming enzymes are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as signal transduction, DNA repair, cellular senescence, and stem cell (SC) homeostasis. In this review, we discussed how different types of NAD+-consuming enzymes regulate SC functions and summarized current research on the roles of the NAD+ consumers in SC homeostasis. We hope to provide a more global and integrative insight to the mechanism and intervention of SC homeostasis via the regulation of the NAD+-consuming enzymes.
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13
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Faienza F, Rasola A, Filomeni G. Nitric oxide-based regulation of metabolism: Hints from TRAP1 and SIRT3 crosstalk. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:942729. [PMID: 35959462 PMCID: PMC9360569 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.942729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Faienza
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Rasola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filomeni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Redox Biology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Mori M, Cazzaniga G, Meneghetti F, Villa S, Gelain A. Insights on the Modulation of SIRT5 Activity: A Challenging Balance. Molecules 2022; 27:4449. [PMID: 35889322 PMCID: PMC9316768 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRT5 is a member of the Sirtuin family, a class of deacetylating enzymes consisting of seven isoforms, involved in the regulation of several processes, including gene expression, metabolism, stress response, and aging. Considering that the anomalous activity of SIRT5 is linked to many pathological conditions, we present herein an overview of the most interesting modulators, with the aim of contributing to further development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefania Villa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.M.); (G.C.); (F.M.); (A.G.)
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15
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Osipova D, Kokoreva K, Lazebnik L, Golovanova E, Pavlov C, Dukhanin A, Orlova S, Starostin K. Regression of Liver Steatosis Following Phosphatidylcholine Administration: A Review of Molecular and Metabolic Pathways Involved. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:797923. [PMID: 35359878 PMCID: PMC8960636 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.797923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver steatosis is a key pathology in non-alcoholic or metabolic associated fatty liver disease. Though largely ignored for decades it is currently becoming the focus of research in hepatology. It is important to consider its origin and current opportunities in terms of pharmacotherapy. Essential phospholipids (EPLs) rich in phosphatidylcholine (PCH) is a widely used treatment option for fatty liver disease, and there is a solid amount of consistent clinical evidence for the regression of steatosis after treatment with EPLs. As knowledge of PCH (a key component of EPLs) pharmacodynamics and mode of action driving this widely observed clinical effect is currently insufficient, we aimed to explore the potential molecular and metabolic pathways involved in the positive effects of PCH on steatosis regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Osipova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - K. Kokoreva
- Institute of Pediatric Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - L. Lazebnik
- A. I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - E. Golovanova
- A. I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ch. Pavlov
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. Dukhanin
- Molecular Pharmacology and Radiology Department, Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - S. Orlova
- Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition of Continuing Medical Education, Medical Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
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Bhatt DP, Mills CA, Anderson KA, Henriques BJ, Lucas TG, Francisco S, Liu J, Ilkayeva OR, Adams AE, Kulkarni SR, Backos DS, Major MB, Grimsrud PA, Gomes CM, Hirschey MD. Deglutarylation of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase by deacylating enzyme SIRT5 promotes lysine oxidation in mice. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101723. [PMID: 35157847 PMCID: PMC8969154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of protein acyl modifications has been identified on enzymes across various metabolic processes; however, the impact of these modifications remains poorly understood. Protein glutarylation is a recently identified modification that can be nonenzymatically driven by glutaryl-CoA. In mammalian systems, this unique metabolite is only produced in the lysine and tryptophan oxidative pathways. To better understand the biology of protein glutarylation, we studied the relationship between enzymes within the lysine/tryptophan catabolic pathways, protein glutarylation, and regulation by the deglutarylating enzyme sirtuin 5 (SIRT5). Here, we identify glutarylation on the lysine oxidation pathway enzyme glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH) and show increased GCDH glutarylation when glutaryl-CoA production is stimulated by lysine catabolism. Our data reveal that glutarylation of GCDH impacts its function, ultimately decreasing lysine oxidation. We also demonstrate the ability of SIRT5 to deglutarylate GCDH, restoring its enzymatic activity. Finally, metabolomic and bioinformatic analyses indicate an expanded role for SIRT5 in regulating amino acid metabolism. Together, these data support a feedback loop model within the lysine/tryptophan oxidation pathway in which glutaryl-CoA is produced, in turn inhibiting GCDH function via glutaryl modification of GCDH lysine residues and can be relieved by SIRT5 deacylation activity.
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17
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Zullo A, Guida R, Sciarrillo R, Mancini FP. Redox Homeostasis in Cardiovascular Disease: The Role of Mitochondrial Sirtuins. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:858330. [PMID: 35370975 PMCID: PMC8971707 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.858330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite successful advances in both pharmacological and lifestyle strategies to fight well-established risk factors, the burden of CVD is still increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to further deepen our knowledge of the pathogenesis of the disease for developing novel therapies to limit even more its related morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress has been identified as a common trait of several manifestations of CVD and could be a promising target for innovative treatments. Mitochondria are a major source of oxidative stress and sirtuins are a family of enzymes that generate different post-translational protein modifications, thus regulating important cellular processes, including cell cycle, autophagy, gene expression, and others. In particular, three sirtuins, SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are located within the mitochondrial matrix where they regulate energy production and antioxidant pathways. Therefore, these sirtuins are strongly involved in the balance between oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the activities of these sirtuins with a special focus on their role in the control of oxidative stress, in relation to energy metabolism, atherosclerosis, and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Zullo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies s.c.a.r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Guida
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Rosaria Sciarrillo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco P. Mancini, ; Rosaria Sciarrillo,
| | - Francesco P. Mancini
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
- Clinical Scientific Institutes Maugeri IRCCS, Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit of Telese Terme Institute, Telese Terme, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco P. Mancini, ; Rosaria Sciarrillo,
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18
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Hydrogen Sulfide Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac Fibroblast Proliferation and Transverse Aortic Constriction-Induced Myocardial Fibrosis through Oxidative Stress Inhibition via Sirtuin 3. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9925771. [PMID: 34603602 PMCID: PMC8486544 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9925771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is critical in mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. Our present study investigates whether hydrogen sulfide (H2S) attenuated myocardial fibrosis and explores the possible role of SIRT3 on the protective effects. Neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts were pretreated with NaHS followed by angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulation. SIRT3 was knocked down with siRNA technology. SIRT3 promoter activity and expression, as well as mitochondrial function, were measured. Male wild-type (WT) and SIRT3 knockout (KO) mice were intraperitoneally injected with NaHS followed by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Myocardium sections were stained with Sirius red. Hydroxyproline content, collagen I and collagen III, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) expression were measured both in vitro and in vivo. We found that NaHS enhanced SIRT3 promoter activity and increased SIRT3 mRNA expression. NaHS inhibited cell proliferation and hydroxyproline secretion, decreased collagen I, collagen III, α-SMA, and DRP1 expression, alleviated oxidative stress, and improved mitochondrial respiration function and membrane potential in Ang II-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts, which were unavailable after SIRT3 was silenced. In vivo, NaHS reduced hydroxyproline content, ameliorated perivascular and interstitial collagen deposition, and inhibited collagen I, collagen III, and DRP1 expression in the myocardium of WT mice but not SIRT3 KO mice with TAC. Altogether, NaHS attenuated myocardial fibrosis through oxidative stress inhibition via a SIRT3-dependent manner.
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Nebbioso M, Lambiase A, Armentano M, Tucciarone G, Sacchetti M, Greco A, Alisi L. Diabetic retinopathy, oxidative stress, and sirtuins: an in depth look in enzymatic patterns and new therapeutic horizons. Surv Ophthalmol 2021; 67:168-183. [PMID: 33864872 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. DR represents the most common microvascular complication of diabetes, and its incidence is constantly rising. The complex interactions between inflammation, oxidative stress, and the production of free oxygen radicals caused by prolonged exposure to hyperglycemia determine the development of DR. Sirtuins (SIRTs) are a recently discovered class of 7 histone deacetylases involved in cellular senescence, regulation of cell cycle, metabolic pathways, and DNA repair. SIRTs participate in the progress of several pathologies such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and metabolic diseases. In DR sirtuins 1,3,5, and 6 play an important role as they regulate the activation of the inflammatory response, insulin sensibility, and both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. A wide spectrum of direct and indirect activators of SIRTs pathways (e.g., antagomiR, resveratrol, or glycyrrhizin) is currently being developed to treat the inflammatory cascade occurring in DR. We focus on the main metabolic and inflammatory pathways involving SIRTs and DR, as well as recent evidence on SIRTs activators that may be employed as novel therapeutic approaches to DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Nebbioso
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I. Sapienza University of Rome, v. le del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Lambiase
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I. Sapienza University of Rome, v. le del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marta Armentano
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I. Sapienza University of Rome, v. le del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giosuè Tucciarone
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I. Sapienza University of Rome, v. le del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Sacchetti
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I. Sapienza University of Rome, v. le del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I. Sapienza University of Rome, v. le del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovico Alisi
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I. Sapienza University of Rome, v. le del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Shi H, Kim HW, Weintraub NL. Macrophage immunometabolism in perivascular adipose tissue. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:731-733. [PMID: 33746500 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shi
- Department of Medicine, Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Ha Won Kim
- Department of Medicine, Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Neal L Weintraub
- Department of Medicine, Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
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21
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Chen H, Kang J, Zhang F, Yan T, Fan W, He H, Huang F. SIRT4 regulates rat dental papilla cell differentiation by promoting mitochondrial functions. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 134:105962. [PMID: 33636397 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.105962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION SIRT4 is a mitochondrial sirtuin. Owing to its dependance on the cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), SIRT4 can act as a mitochondrial metabolic sensor of cellular energy status. We have previously shown that enhancement of mitochondrial functions is vital for the odontogenic diff ;erentiation of dental papilla cells (DPCs) during dentinogenesis. However, whether SIRT4 serves as an effective regulator of DPC diff ;erentiation by affecting mitochondrial functions remains unexplored. METHODS Primary DPCs obtained from the first molar dental papilla of neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. The expression pattern of SIRT4 was observed by immunohistochemistry in the first molar of postnatal day 1 (P1) rats. The changes in SIRT4 expression during odontogenic DPC differentiation were evaluated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blotting, and immunofluorescence. DPCs with loss (small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown) and gain (plasmid transfection-induced overexpression) of SIRT4 function were used to explore the role of SIRT4 in odontogenic differentiation. Mitochondrial function assays were performed using ATP, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and NAD+/NADH kits to investigate the potential mechanisms involved in SIRT4-mediated dentinogenesis. RESULTS In the present study, we found that SIRT4 expression increased in a time-dependent manner during odontogenic differentiation bothin vivo and in vitro. Sirt4 knockdown resulted in reduced odontogenic differentiation and mineralization, whereas an opposite effect was observed with SIRT4 overexpression. Furthermore, our results verified that in addition to reducing DPC differentiation, Sirt4 knockdown could also significantly reduce ATP levels, elevate the NAD+/NADH ratio, and increase ROS levels. CONCLUSION SIRT4 regulates mitochondrial functions and the antioxidant capacity of DPCs, thereby influencing dentin formation and tooth development, a phenomenon that may provide a foundation for better understanding the specific molecular mechanisms underlying dentin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoling Chen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Kang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuping Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Yan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwen He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.
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22
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Lasigliè D. Sirtuins and the prevention of immunosenescence. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 115:221-264. [PMID: 33706950 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has been largely described as one underlying cause of senescence of the immune-hematopoietic system (immunosenescence). A set of well-defined hallmarks characterizes aged HSCs contributing to unbalanced hematopoiesis and aging-associated functional alterations of both branches of the immune system. In this chapter, the contribution of sirtuins, a family of conserved NAD+ dependent deacetylases with key roles in metabolism, genome integrity, aging and lifespan, to immunosenescence, will be addressed. In particular, the role of SIRT6 will be deeply analyzed highlighting a multifaceted part of this deacetylase in HSCs aging as well as in the immunosenescence of dendritic cells (DCs). These and other emerging data are currently paving the way for future design and development of rejuvenation means aiming at rescuing age-related changes in immune function in the elderly and combating age-associated hematopoietic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Lasigliè
- Istituto Comprensivo "Franco Marro", Ministero dell'Istruzione Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca (M.I.U.R), Villar Perosa, TO, Italy.
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23
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Jiang Y, Zheng W. Cyclic Tripeptide-based Potent and Selective Human SIRT5 Inhibitors. Med Chem 2020; 16:358-367. [PMID: 31161996 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190603101937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SIRT5 is one of the seven members (SIRT1-7) of the mammalian sirtuin family of protein acyl-lysine deacylase enzymes. In recent years, important regulatory roles of SIRT5 in (patho)physiological conditions (e.g. metabolism and cancer) have been increasingly demonstrated. For a better biological understanding and therapeutic exploitation of the SIRT5- catalyzed deacylation reaction, more effort on identifying potent and selective SIRT5 inhibitors beyond those currently known would be rewarding. OBJECTIVE In the current study, we would like to see if it would be possible to develop potent and selective SIRT5 inhibitory lead compounds with a novel structural scaffold than those of the currently known potent and selective SIRT5 inhibitors. METHODS In the current study, six N-terminus-to-side chain cyclic tripeptides (i.e. 8-13) each harboring the thiourea-type catalytic mechanism-based SIRT5 inhibitory warhead Nε-carboxyethylthiocarbamoyl- lysine as the central residue were designed, synthesized by the Nα-9- fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) chemistry-based solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) on the Rink amide 4-methylbenzhydrylamine (MBHA) resin, purified by the semi-preparative reversedphase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), characterized by the high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS); and were evaluated by the in vitro sirtuin inhibition assay and the in vitro proteolysis assay. RESULTS Among the cyclic tripeptides 8-13, we found that 10 exhibited a potent (IC50 ~2.2 μM) and selective (≥60-fold over the SIRT1/2/3/6-catalyzed deacylation reactions) inhibition against the SIRT5-catalyzed desuccinylation reaction. Moreover, 10 was found to exhibit a ~42.3-fold stronger SIRT5 inhibition and a greater proteolytic stability than its linear counterpart 14. CONCLUSION With a novel and modular structural scaffold as compared with those of all the currently reported potent and selective SIRT5 inhibitors, 10 could be also a useful and feasible lead compound for the quest for superior SIRT5 inhibitors as potential chemical/pharmacological probes of SIRT5 and therapeutics for human diseases in which SIRT5 desuccinylase activity is upregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weiping Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
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24
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Gene Expression Profiling of Multiple Histone Deacetylases ( HDAC) and Its Correlation with NRF2-Mediated Redox Regulation in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101466. [PMID: 33096729 PMCID: PMC7589955 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a protein of the leucine zipper family, which mitigates inflammation and employs cytoprotective effects. Attempting to unravel the epigenetic regulation of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), we profiled the expression of eleven isoform-specific histone deacetylases (HDACs) and correlated them with NRF2 and cytokines. This study recruited a total of 60 subjects and categorized into DFU patients (n = 20), T2DM patients (n = 20), and healthy controls (n = 20). The DFU patients were subcategorized into uninfected and infected DFU (n = 10 each). We observed a progressive decline in the expression of NRF2 and its downstream targets among T2DM and DFU subjects. The inflammatory markers IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly upregulated, whereas anti-inflammatory marker IL-10 was significantly downregulated in DFU. Of note, a significant upregulation of HDAC1, 3, 4, 11, SIRT3 and downregulation of HDAC2,8, SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3, SIRT7 among DFU patients were observed. The significant positive correlation between NRF2 and SIRT1 in DFU patients suggested the vital role of NRF2/SIRT1 in redox homeostasis and angiogenesis. In contrast, the significant negative correlation between NRF2 and HDAC1, 3 and 4, implied an imbalance in NRF2-HDAC1, 3, 4 circuit. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was observed between HDAC4 and IL-6, and the negative correlation between SIRT1 and IL-6 suggested the pro-inflammatory role of HDAC4 and the anti-inflammatory role of SIRT1 in NRF2 signaling. In conclusion, the epigenetic changes such as upregulation of HDAC1, 3, 4, 11, SIRT3 and downregulation of HDAC2, 8, SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT6, SIRT7 and their association with NRF2 as well as inflammatory markers are suggestive of their roles in pathophysiology of T2DM and DFU.
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25
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Chaput C, Sirard MA. Embryonic response to high beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels in postpartum dairy cows. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 72:106431. [PMID: 32325411 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.106431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cows at the beginning of lactation often do not meet their energy needs by feeding and therefore mobilize body fat, which produces ketone bodies, including β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). They are nevertheless usually inseminated around 60 d postpartum, when they are still in this characteristic period of energy deficit. The aim of this study was to observe the effects of negative energy balance on embryo quality and to identify ways to improve the fertility of dairy cows. Holstein cows (n = 18) grouped as high or low BHB based on blood measurement at day 45 postpartum were estrus-synchronized and treated with follicle-stimulating hormone to obtain multiple follicle development, induced to ovulate and inseminated with sexed semen around day 60 postpartum. Of the 290 embryos collected over 16 mo, 159 were of quality I to IV. Based on microarray analysis of gene expression, exposure to an energy deficit metabolic environment (high BHB) during early development appeared to modify signaling by the mTOR and sirtuins pathways in the embryo, implying mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibition of transcription, leading to slower cell division, thus programming the embryo to be more energy efficient. Altered methylation markers suggested that such coping mechanisms might persist into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chaput
- Centre de recherche en reproduction, développement et santé intergénérationnelle, Faculté des sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Département des Sciences Animales, Pavillon INAF, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - M A Sirard
- Centre de recherche en reproduction, développement et santé intergénérationnelle, Faculté des sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Département des Sciences Animales, Pavillon INAF, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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26
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Tomaselli D, Steegborn C, Mai A, Rotili D. Sirt4: A Multifaceted Enzyme at the Crossroads of Mitochondrial Metabolism and Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:474. [PMID: 32373514 PMCID: PMC7177044 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent deacylases that play crucial roles in the regulation of cellular metabolism, and as a result, are implicated in several diseases. The mitochondrial sirtuin Sirt4, for a long time considered as mainly a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase, recently has shown a robust deacylase activity in addition to the already accepted substrate-dependent lipoamidase and deacetylase properties. Through these and likely other enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities, Sirt4 closely controls various metabolic events, and its dysregulation is linked to various aging-related disorders, including type 2 diabetes, cardiac hypertrophy, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, and cancer. For its capability to inhibit glutamine catabolism and for the modulation of genome stability in cancer cells in response to different DNA-damaging conditions, Sirt4 is proposed as either a mitochondrial tumor suppressor or a tumor-promoting protein in a context-dependent manner. In addition to what is already known about the roles of Sirt4 in different biological settings, further studies are certainly still needed in order to validate this enzyme as a new potential target for various aging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Tomaselli
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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27
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Zheng W. Review: The plant sirtuins. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 293:110434. [PMID: 32081272 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The sirtuin family of intracellular enzymes are able to catalyze a unique β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (β-NAD+)-dependent Nε-acyl-lysine deacylation reaction on histone and non-histone protein substrates. Since 2000, the sirtuin family members have been identified in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes; tremendous accomplishments have also been achieved on the mechanistic and functional (pharmacological) understanding of the sirtuin-catalyzed deacylation reaction. Among the eukaryotic organisms, past research has been focused more on the yeast and mammalian sirtuins than on the plant sirtuins, however, the very presence of sirtuins in various plant species and the functional studies on plant sirtuins published thus far attest to the importance of this particular subfamily of eukaryotic sirtuins in regulating the growth and development of plants and their responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, an integrated and updated account will be presented on the biochemical, cellular, and functional profiles of all the plant sirtuins identified thus far. It is hoped that this article will also set a stage for expanded efforts in the identification, characterization, and functional interrogation of plant sirtuins; and the development and exploration of their chemical modulators (activators and inhibitors) in plant research and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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28
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A bicyclic pentapeptide-based highly potent and selective pan-SIRT1/2/3 inhibitor harboring Nε-thioacetyl-lysine. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Yang S, Xu M, Meng G, Lu Y. SIRT3 deficiency delays diabetic skin wound healing via oxidative stress and necroptosis enhancement. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4415-4427. [PMID: 32119761 PMCID: PMC7176871 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) plays a vital role in several dermatological diseases. However, the role and detailed mechanism of SIRT3 in diabetic wound healing are unknown well yet. To explore possible involvement of SIRT3 and necroptosis in diabetic skin wound healing, SIRT3 knockout (KO) mice and 129S1/SvImJ wild‐type (WT) mice were injected with streptozotocin (STZ), and mice skin fibroblasts were exposed to high glucose (HG). It was found that SIRT3 expression decreased in the skin of diabetic patients. SIRT3 deficiency delayed healing rate, reduced blood supply and vascular endothelial growth factor expression, promoted superoxide production, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, decreased total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC), reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and aggravated ultrastructure disorder in skin wound of diabetic mice. SIRT3 deficiency inhibited mice skin fibroblasts migration with HG stimulation, which was restored by SIRT3 overexpression. SIRT3 deficiency also suppressed α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) expression, enhanced superoxide production but decreased mitochondrial membrane potential with HG stimulation after scratch. SIRT3 deficiency further elevated receptor‐interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), RIPK1 and caspase 3 expression both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, SIRT3 deficiency delayed skin wound healing in diabetes, the mechanism might be related to impaired mitochondria function, enhanced oxidative stress and increased necroptosis. This may provide a novel therapeutic target to accelerate diabetic skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengju Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mengting Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guoliang Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis J Miller
- From the Department of Medicine, Duke University and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC
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31
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Disruption of Acetyl-Lysine Turnover in Muscle Mitochondria Promotes Insulin Resistance and Redox Stress without Overt Respiratory Dysfunction. Cell Metab 2020; 31:131-147.e11. [PMID: 31813822 PMCID: PMC6952241 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to examine the functional significance of mitochondrial protein acetylation using a double knockout (DKO) mouse model harboring muscle-specific deficits in acetyl-CoA buffering and lysine deacetylation, due to genetic ablation of carnitine acetyltransferase and Sirtuin 3, respectively. DKO mice are highly susceptible to extreme hyperacetylation of the mitochondrial proteome and develop a more severe form of diet-induced insulin resistance than either single KO mouse line. However, the functional phenotype of hyperacetylated DKO mitochondria is largely normal. Of the >120 measures of respiratory function assayed, the most consistently observed traits of a markedly heightened acetyl-lysine landscape are enhanced oxygen flux in the context of fatty acid fuel and elevated rates of electron leak. In sum, the findings challenge the notion that lysine acetylation causes broad-ranging damage to mitochondrial quality and performance and raise the possibility that acetyl-lysine turnover, rather than acetyl-lysine stoichiometry, modulates redox balance and carbon flux.
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Yuan Y, Zhu L, Li L, Liu J, Chen Y, Cheng J, Peng T, Lu Y. S-Sulfhydration of SIRT3 by Hydrogen Sulfide Attenuates Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1302-1319. [PMID: 31218880 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Clinical use of cisplatin (Cisp), one of the most widely used, common, and effective chemotherapeutic agents, is limited by its side effects, particularly tubular injury-associated nephrotoxicity. Previous studies suggest that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) alleviates Cisp-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Results: A single intraperitoneal injection of Cisp is employed to induce AKI, and the mice exhibit severe kidney dysfunction and histological damage at day 4 after Cisp injection. Here, we reported that H2S alleviated Cisp-caused renal toxicity via SIRT3 activation and subsequent improvement of mitochondrial ATP production. Using a biotin-switch assay, we showed that H2S increased S-sulfhydration of SIRT3 and induced deacetylation of its target proteins (OPA1, ATP synthase β, and superoxide dismutase 2). These effects of H2S were associated with a reduction of mitochondrial fragmentation, an increase in ATP generation, and less oxidative injury. Notably, the S-sulfhydration of SIRT3 induced by H2S was abrogated when Cys256, Cys259, Cys280, and Cys283 residues on SIRT3 (two zinc finger domains) were mutated. Innovation and Conclusion: Our data suggest that H2S attenuates Cisp-induced AKI by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction via SIRT3 sulfhydrylation. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 31, 1302-1319.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Li
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School for Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Younan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianqing Peng
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Canada.,Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Yanrong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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33
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Beneficial effects of running and milk protein supplements on Sirtuins and risk factors of metabolic disorders in rats with low aerobic capacity. Metabol Open 2019; 4:100019. [PMID: 32812928 PMCID: PMC7424841 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2019.100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity and dietary intake of dairy products are associated with improved metabolic health. Dairy products are rich with branched chain amino acids that are essential for energy production. To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying the benefit of the sub-chronic effects of running and intake of milk protein supplements, we studied Low Capacity Runner rats (LCR), a rodent exercise model with risk for metabolic disorders. We especially focused on the role of Sirtuins, energy level dependent proteins that affect many cellular metabolic processes. Methods Forty-seven adult LCR female rats sedentary or running voluntarily in wheels were fed normal chow and given supplements of either whey or milk protein drink (PD)-supplemented water, or water only for 21 weeks. Physiological responses were measured in vivo. Blood lipids were determined from serum. Mitochondrial markers and Sirtuins (Sirt1-7) including downstream targets were measured in plantaris muscle by western blotting. Results For the first 10 weeks whey-drinking rats ran about 50% less compared to other groups; still, in all runners glucose tolerance improved and triglycerides decreased. Generally, running induced a ∼six-fold increase in running capacity and a ∼8% decrease in % body fat. Together with running, protein supplements increased the relative lean mass of the total body weight by ∼11%. In comparison with sedentary controls, running and whey increased HDL (21%) and whey, with or without running, lowered LDL (−34%). Running increased mitochondrial biogenesis and Sirtuins 3 and 4. When combined with exercise, both whey and milk protein drink induced about a 4-fold increase in Sirt3, compared to runners drinking water only, and about a 2-fold increase compared to the respective sedentary group. Protein supplements, with or without running, enhanced the phosphorylation level of the acetyl-coA-carboxylase, suggesting increased fat oxidation. Both supplemented diets increased Sirt5 and Sirt7 without an additional effect from exercise. Running diminished and PD supplement increased Sirt6. Conclusion We demonstrate in rats new sub-chronic effects of milk proteins on metabolism that involve Sirtuins and their downstream targets in skeletal muscle. The results show that running and milk proteins act on reducing the risk factors of metabolic disorders and suggest that the underlying mechanisms may involve Sirtuins. Notably, we found that milk protein supplements have some favorable effects on metabolism even without running. Interactive effects of running and/or milk protein supplements were studied. Milk protein drink enhanced and whey diminished the amount of voluntary running. Despite less running whey-supplementation improved metabolic health. Almost all Sirtuins in muscle adapted to milk protein and running interventions.
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Ma K, Lu N, Zou F, Meng FZ. Sirtuins as novel targets in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation in bronchial asthma. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 865:172670. [PMID: 31542484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD-dependent class III histone deacetylase, which modulate the epigenetic changes to influence the functions in normal and diseased conditions. Preclinical studies have described an increase in the levels of sirtuin 2 and decrease in the levels of sirtuin 6 in the lungs. Sirtuin 2 exerts proinflammatory actions and hence, its blockers reduce the airway inflammation and symptoms of asthma. On the other hand, sirtuin 6 is anti-inflammatory and its activators produce beneficial actions in asthma. The beneficial effects of sirtuin 6 have been attributed to decrease in acetylation of transcriptional factor GATA3 in the T cells, which is associated with decrease in the TH2 immune response. However, there seems to be dual role of sirtuin 1 in airway inflammation as its proinflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory actions have been described in asthma. The anti-inflammatory actions of sirtuin 1 have been attributed to decrease in acetylation of GATA3 and inhibition of Akt/NF-kappaB signaling. On the other hand, proinflammatory actions of sirtuin 1 have been attributed to increase in the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF along with repression of PPAR-γ activity. The present review discusses the role of different sirtuins in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Moreover, it also discusses sirtuin-triggered signaling pathways that may contribute in modulating the disease state of bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Na Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Fan-Zheng Meng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
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Abstract
Cardiac ageing manifests as a decline in function leading to heart failure. At the cellular level, ageing entails decreased replicative capacity and dysregulation of cellular processes in myocardial and nonmyocyte cells. Various extrinsic parameters, such as lifestyle and environment, integrate important signalling pathways, such as those involving inflammation and oxidative stress, with intrinsic molecular mechanisms underlying resistance versus progression to cellular senescence. Mitigation of cardiac functional decline in an ageing organism requires the activation of enhanced maintenance and reparative capacity, thereby overcoming inherent endogenous limitations to retaining a youthful phenotype. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying dysregulation of cellular function and renewal reveals potential interventional targets to attenuate degenerative processes at the cellular and systemic levels to improve quality of life for our ageing population. In this Review, we discuss the roles of extrinsic and intrinsic factors in cardiac ageing. Animal models of cardiac ageing are summarized, followed by an overview of the current and possible future treatments to mitigate the deleterious effects of cardiac ageing.
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Han Y, Zhou S, Coetzee S, Chen A. SIRT4 and Its Roles in Energy and Redox Metabolism in Health, Disease and During Exercise. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1006. [PMID: 31447696 PMCID: PMC6695564 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
NAD+-dependent SIRT4 has been reported to be a key regulator of metabolic enzymes and antioxidant defense mechanisms in mitochondria. It also plays an important role in regulation of mitochondrial metabolism in response to exercise. Recent studies have shown that SIRT4 is involved in a wide range of mitochondrial metabolic processes, including depressing insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells, promoting lipid synthesis, regulating mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) homeostasis, controlling apoptosis and regulating redox. SIRT4 also appears to have enzymatic functions involved in posttranslational modifications such as ADP-ribosylation, lysine deacetylation and lipoamidation. However, the effects on SIRT4 by metabolic diseases and changes in metabolic homeostasis such as during exercise, along with the roles of SIRT4 in the regulation of metabolism during disease, are not well understood. The main goal of this review is to critically analyse and summarise the current research evidence on the significance of the SIRT4 as a metabolic regulator and in mitochondrial function and its putative roles in relation to metabolic diseases and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Han
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shi Zhou
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonja Coetzee
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Anping Chen
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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Novel tubular-glomerular interplay in diabetic kidney disease mediated by sirtuin 1, nicotinamide mononucleotide, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Oshima Award Address 2017. Clin Exp Nephrol 2019; 23:987-994. [PMID: 30859351 PMCID: PMC6647828 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-019-01719-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tubules interact with glomeruli, which are composed of podocytes, parietal epithelial cells, mesangial cells, and glomerular endothelial cells. Glomerular–tubular balance and tubuloglomerular feedback are the two components of the tubular–glomerular interplay, which has been demonstrated to play roles in physiological renal function and in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), in which proteins leaking from glomeruli arrive at tubular regions, leading to further tubular injury caused by the accumulation of proteinuria-inducing reactive oxygens species and various cytokines. In the current review, we present our recent work identifying a novel tubular–glomerular interplay in DKD mediated by sirtuin 1 and nicotinamide mononucleotide.
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Tian L, Cao W, Yue R, Yuan Y, Guo X, Qin D, Xing J, Wang X. Pretreatment with Tilianin improves mitochondrial energy metabolism and oxidative stress in rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1 alpha signaling pathway. J Pharmacol Sci 2019; 139:352-360. [PMID: 30910451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial energy metabolism and oxidative stress play a crucial role in ameliorating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). Tilianin has been reported to have a significant protection for mitochondrion in MIRI. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study investigated whether Tilianin regulates mitochondrial energy metabolism and oxidative stress in MIRI via AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1 alpha signaling pathway. The MIRI model was established by 30 min of coronary occlusion followed by 2 h of reperfusion in rats. The results revealed that Tilianin significantly reduced myocardial infarction, improved the pathological morphology of myocardium, markedly increased the contents of ATP and NAD+, decreased ADP and AMP contents and the ratio of AMP/ATP, reduced the level of ROS and MDA, enhanced SOD activity, evidently increased the levels of AMPK, SIRT1 and PGC-1 alpha mRNA, up-regulated the expressions of AMPK, pAMPK, SIRT1, PGC-1alpha, NRF1, TFAM and FOXO1 proteins. However, these effects were respectively abolished by Compound C (a specific AMPK inhibitor) and EX-527 (a specific SIRT1 inhibitor). Taken together, this study found that Tilianin could attenuate MIRI by improving mitochondrial energy metabolism and reducing oxidative stress via AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1 alpha signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Pharmacy of College, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832002, PR China; First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, XinJiang, 832008, PR China
| | - Wenjiang Cao
- First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, XinJiang, 832008, PR China
| | - Rujing Yue
- Pharmacy of College, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832002, PR China; First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, XinJiang, 832008, PR China
| | - Yong Yuan
- First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, XinJiang, 832008, PR China
| | - Xinhong Guo
- First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, XinJiang, 832008, PR China
| | - Dongmei Qin
- Pharmacy of College, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832002, PR China
| | - Jianguo Xing
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqim, 830004, PR China.
| | - Xinchun Wang
- Pharmacy of College, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832002, PR China; First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, XinJiang, 832008, PR China.
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Cyclic tripeptide-based potent human SIRT7 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:461-465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Chen D, Yan L, Zheng W. Cyclic Peptide-Based Sirtuin Substrates. Molecules 2019; 24:E424. [PMID: 30682801 PMCID: PMC6384901 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, four side chain-to-side chain cyclic peptides (three 5-mers and one 4-mer) harboring Nε-acetyl-lysine or Nε-myristoyl-lysine were found to be in vitro substrates of the human SIRT1/2/3-catalyzed deacylation with good substrate activities, as judged by the kcat/KM ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Lingling Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Weiping Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Mani K, Javaheri A, Diwan A. Lysosomes Mediate Benefits of Intermittent Fasting in Cardiometabolic Disease: The Janitor Is the Undercover Boss. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:1639-1667. [PMID: 30215867 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive responses that counter starvation have evolved over millennia to permit organismal survival, including changes at the level of individual organelles, cells, tissues, and organ systems. In the past century, a shift has occurred away from disease caused by insufficient nutrient supply toward overnutrition, leading to obesity and diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cardiometabolic disease. The burden of these diseases has spurred interest in fasting strategies that harness physiological responses to starvation, thus limiting tissue injury during metabolic stress. Insights gained from animal and human studies suggest that intermittent fasting and chronic caloric restriction extend lifespan, decrease risk factors for cardiometabolic and inflammatory disease, limit tissue injury during myocardial stress, and activate a cardioprotective metabolic program. Acute fasting activates autophagy, an intricately orchestrated lysosomal degradative process that sequesters cellular constituents for degradation, and is critical for cardiac homeostasis during fasting. Lysosomes are dynamic cellular organelles that function as incinerators to permit autophagy, as well as degradation of extracellular material internalized by endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis. The last decade has witnessed an explosion of knowledge that has shaped our understanding of lysosomes as central regulators of cellular metabolism and the fasting response. Intriguingly, lysosomes also store nutrients for release during starvation; and function as a nutrient sensing organelle to couple activation of mammalian target of rapamycin to nutrient availability. This article reviews the evidence for how the lysosome, in the guise of a janitor, may be the "undercover boss" directing cellular processes for beneficial effects of intermittent fasting and restoring homeostasis during feast and famine. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:1639-1667, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Mani
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Research and Division of Cardiology in Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ali Javaheri
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Division of Cardiology in Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Abhinav Diwan
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Division of Cardiology in Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Browett S, McHugo G, Richardson IW, Magee DA, Park SDE, Fahey AG, Kearney JF, Correia CN, Randhawa IAS, MacHugh DE. Genomic Characterisation of the Indigenous Irish Kerry Cattle Breed. Front Genet 2018. [PMID: 29520297 PMCID: PMC5827531 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kerry cattle are an endangered landrace heritage breed of cultural importance to Ireland. In the present study we have used genome-wide SNP array data to evaluate genomic diversity within the Kerry population and between Kerry cattle and other European breeds. Patterns of genetic differentiation and gene flow among breeds using phylogenetic trees with ancestry graphs highlighted historical gene flow from the British Shorthorn breed into the ancestral population of modern Kerry cattle. Principal component analysis (PCA) and genetic clustering emphasised the genetic distinctiveness of Kerry cattle relative to comparator British and European cattle breeds. Modelling of genetic effective population size (Ne) revealed a demographic trend of diminishing Ne over time and that recent estimated Ne values for the Kerry breed may be less than the threshold for sustainable genetic conservation. In addition, analysis of genome-wide autozygosity (FROH) showed that genomic inbreeding has increased significantly during the 20 years between 1992 and 2012. Finally, signatures of selection revealed genomic regions subject to natural and artificial selection as Kerry cattle adapted to the climate, physical geography and agro-ecology of southwest Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Browett
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Centre, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian McHugo
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - David A Magee
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Alan G Fahey
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Carolina N Correia
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Imtiaz A S Randhawa
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - David E MacHugh
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Min Z, Gao J, Yu Y. The Roles of Mitochondrial SIRT4 in Cellular Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:783. [PMID: 30666234 PMCID: PMC6330279 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins comprise a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent lysine deacylases that regulate the life span, aging, and metabolism. Seven sirtuin family members (SIRT1-7) have been identified in mammals, including humans. Despite the indispensable role of mitochondrial sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) in metabolic regulation, the primary enzymatic activity of SIRT4 remains enigmatic. SIRT4 possesses ADP-ribosyltransferase, lipoamidase and deacylase activities. Interestingly, the enzymatic activities and substrates of SIRT4 vary in different tissues and cells. SIRT4 inhibits insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells and regulates insulin sensitivity as a deacylase in the pancreas. SIRT4 represses fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in muscle and liver cells differently. SIRT4 has also been identified as a mitochondrial-localized tumor suppressor. A comprehensive understanding of the enzymology of SIRT4 in metabolism is essential for developing novel therapeutic agents for human metabolic diseases. This review will update the roles of SIRT4 in cellular and organismal metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheying Min
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangman Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Yu
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