1
|
Dong T, Zhang Z, Li W, Zhuo W, Cui T, Li Z. Synthesis Principle and Practice with Radioactive Iodines and Astatine: Advances Made So Far. J Org Chem 2024; 89:11837-11863. [PMID: 39173032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Radioactive iodines and astatine, possessing distinct exploitable nuclear properties, play indispensable roles in the realms of nuclear imaging and therapy. Their analogous chemical characteristics shape the design, preparation, and substrate range for tracers labeled with these radiohalogens through interconnected radiosynthetic chemistry. This perspective systematically explores the labeling methods by types of halogenating reagents─nucleophilic and electrophilic─underpinning the rational design of such compounds. It delves into the rapidly evolving synthetic strategies and reactions in radioiodination and radioastatination over the past decade, comparing their intrinsic relationships and highlighting variations. This comparative analysis illuminates potential radiosynthetic methods for exploration. Moreover, stability concerns related to compounds labeled with radioactive iodines and astatine are addressed, offering valuable insights for radiochemists and physicians alike.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integrations in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhenru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integrations in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Weicai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integrations in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Weibin Zhuo
- Alpha Nuclide Co., Ltd., Ningbo, Zhejiang 315336, China
| | - Tongjiang Cui
- Alpha Nuclide Co., Ltd., Ningbo, Zhejiang 315336, China
| | - Zijing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integrations in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Timperanza C, Jensen H, Hansson E, Bäck T, Lindegren S, Aneheim E. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a tetrazine-conjugated poly-L-lysine effector molecule labeled with astatine-211. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:43. [PMID: 38775973 PMCID: PMC11111624 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant challenge in cancer therapy lies in eradicating hidden disseminated tumor cells. Within Nuclear Medicine, Targeted Alpha Therapy is a promising approach for cancer treatment tackling disseminated cancer. As tumor size decreases, alpha-particles gain prominence due to their high Linear Energy Transfer (LET) and short path length. Among alpha-particle emitters, 211At stands out with its 7.2 hour half-life and 100% alpha emission decay. However, optimizing the pharmacokinetics of radiopharmaceuticals with short lived radionuclides such as 211At is pivotal, and in this regard, pretargeting is a valuable tool. This method involves priming the tumor with a modified monoclonal antibody capable of binding both the tumor antigen and the radiolabeled carrier, termed the "effector molecule. This smaller, faster-clearing molecule improves efficacy. Utilizing the Diels Alder click reaction between Tetrazine (Tz) and Trans-cyclooctene (TCO), the Tz-substituted effector molecule combines seamlessly with the TCO-modified antibody. This study aims to evaluate the in vivo biodistribution of two Poly-L-Lysine-based effector molecule sizes (10 and 21 kDa), labelled with 211At, and the in vitro binding of the most favorable polymer size, in order to optimize the pretargeted radioimmunotherapy with 211At. RESULTS In vivo results favor the smaller polymer's biodistribution pattern over the larger one, which accumulates in organs like the liver and spleen. This is especially evident when comparing the biodistribution of the smaller polymer to a directly labelled monoclonal antibody. The smaller variant also shows rapid and efficient binding to SKOV-3 cells preloaded with TCO-modified Trastuzumab in vitro, emphasizing its potential. Both polymer sizes showed equal or better in vivo stability of the astatine-carbon bond compared to a monoclonal antibody labelled with the same prosthetic group. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the small Poly-L-Lysine-based effector molecule (10 kDa) holds the most promise for future research, exhibiting significantly lower uptake in the kidneys and spleen compared to the larger effector (21 kDa) while maintaining an in vivo stability of the astatine-carbon bond comparable to or better than intact antibodies. A proof of concept in vitro cell study demonstrates rapid reaction between the small astatinated effector and a TCO-labelled antibody, indicating the potential of this novel Poly-L-Lysine-based pretargeting system for further investigation in an in vivo tumor model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Timperanza
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 45, Sweden.
| | - Holger Jensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cyclotron and Radiochemistry unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Ellinor Hansson
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 45, Sweden
- Atley Solutions AB, Gothenburg, 413 27, Sweden
| | - Tom Bäck
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 45, Sweden
| | - Sture Lindegren
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 45, Sweden
| | - Emma Aneheim
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 45, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, 413 45, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Naka S, Ooe K, Shirakami Y, Kurimoto K, Sakai T, Takahashi K, Toyoshima A, Wang Y, Haba H, Kato H, Tomiyama N, Watabe T. Production of [ 211At]NaAt solution under GMP compliance for investigator-initiated clinical trial. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:29. [PMID: 38619655 PMCID: PMC11018728 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00257-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The alpha emitter astatine-211 (211At) is garnering attention as a novel targeted alpha therapy for patients with refractory thyroid cancer resistant to conventional therapy using beta emitter radioiodine (131I). Herein, we aimed to establish a robust method for the manufacturing and quality control of [211At]NaAt solution for intravenous administration under the good manufacturing practice guidelines for investigational products to conduct an investigator-initiated clinical trial. RESULTS 211At was separated and purified via dry distillation using irradiated Bi plates containing 211At obtained by the nuclear reaction of 209Bi(4He, 2n)211At. After purification, the 211At trapped in the cold trap was collected in a reaction vessel using 15 mL recovery solution (1% ascorbic acid and 2.3% sodium hydrogen carbonate). After stirring the 211At solution for 1 h inside a closed system, the reaction solution was passed through a sterile 0.22 μm filter placed in a Grade A controlled area and collected in a product vial to prepare the [211At]NaAt solution. According to the 3-lot tests, decay collected radioactivity and radiochemical yield of [211At]NaAt were 78.8 ± 6.0 MBq and 40 ± 3%, respectively. The radiochemical purity of [211At]At- obtained via ion-pair chromatography at the end of synthesis (EOS) was 97 ± 1%, and remained > 96% 6 h after EOS; it was detected at a retention time (RT) 3.2-3.3 min + RT of I-. LC-MS analysis indicated that this principal peak corresponded with an astatide ion (m/z = 210.988046). In gamma-ray spectrometry, the 211At-related peaks were identified (X-ray: 76.9, 79.3, 89.3, 89.8, and 92.3 keV; γ-ray: 569.7 and 687.0 keV), whereas the peak at 245.31 keV derived from 210At was not detected during the 22 h continuous measurement. The target material, Bi, was below the 9 ng/mL detection limit in all lots of the finished product. The pH of the [211At]NaAt solution was 7.9-8.6; the concentration of ascorbic acid was 9-10 mg/mL. Other quality control tests, including endotoxin and sterility tests, confirmed that the [211At]NaAt solution met all quality standards. CONCLUSIONS We successfully established a stable method of [211At]NaAt solution that can be administered to humans intravenously as an investigational product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadahiro Naka
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka University Hospital, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ooe
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, 2-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Shirakami
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, 2-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenta Kurimoto
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka University Hospital, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sakai
- Hanwa Intelligent Medical Center, Hanwa Daini Senboku Hospital, 3176 Fukaikitamachi, Naka- ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8271, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takahashi
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoshima
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, 2-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yang Wang
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Haba
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, 2-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Tomiyama
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, 2-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadashi Watabe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, 2-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim SB, Lee MS, Song IH, Park HS, Kim SE. Theranostic Surrogacy of [ 123I]NaI for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Radionuclide Therapy. Mol Pharm 2023. [PMID: 37294909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Precise dosimetry has gained interest for interpreting the response assessments of novel therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, as well as for improving conventional radiotherapies such as the "one dose fits all" approach. Although radioiodine as same-element isotope theranostic pairs has been used for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), there are insufficient studies on the determination of its dosing regimen for personalized medicine and on extrapolating strategies for companion diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals. In this study, DTC xenograft mouse models were generated after validating iodine uptakes via sodium iodine symporter proteins (NIS) through in vitro assays, and theranostic surrogacy of companion radiopharmaceuticals was investigated in terms of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging and voxel-level dosimetry. Following a Monte Carlo simulation, the hypothetical energy deposition/dose distribution images were produced as [123I]NaI SPECT scans with the use of 131I ion source simulation, and dose rate curves were used to estimate absorbed dose. For the tumor, a peak concentration of 96.49 ± 11.66% ID/g occurred 2.91 ± 0.42 h after [123I]NaI injection, and absorbed dose for 131I therapy was estimated as 0.0344 ± 0.0088 Gy/MBq. The absorbed dose in target/off-target tissues was estimated by considering subject-specific heterogeneous tissue compositions and activity distributions. Furthermore, a novel approach was proposed for simplifying voxel-level dosimetry and suggested for determining the minimal/optimal scan time points of surrogates for pretherapeutic dosimetry. When two scan time points were set to Tmax and 26 h and the group mean half-lives were applied to the dose rate curves, the most accurate absorbed dose estimates were determined [-22.96, 2.21%]. This study provided an experimental basis to evaluate dose distribution and is expected hopefully to improve the challenging dosimetry process for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Bin Kim
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Min Seob Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - In Ho Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, 145 Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16229, Korea
- BIK Therapeutics Inc., 172 Dolma-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13605, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Takashima H, Ohnuki K, Manabe S, Koga Y, Tsumura R, Anzai T, Wang Y, Yin X, Sato N, Shigekawa Y, Nambu A, Usuda S, Haba H, Fujii H, Yasunaga M. Tumor Targeting of 211At-Labeled Antibody under Sodium Ascorbate Protection against Radiolysis. Mol Pharm 2022; 20:1156-1167. [PMID: 36573995 PMCID: PMC9906747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Astatine-211 (211At) is an alpha emitter applicable to radioimmunotherapy (RIT), a cancer treatment that utilizes radioactive antibodies to target tumors. In the preparation of 211At-labeled monoclonal antibodies (211At-mAbs), the possibility of radionuclide-induced antibody denaturation (radiolysis) is of concern. Our previous study showed that this 211At-induced radiochemical reaction disrupts the cellular binding activity of an astatinated mAb, resulting in attenuation of in vivo antitumor effects, whereas sodium ascorbate (SA), a free radical scavenger, prevents antibody denaturation, contributing to the maintenance of binding and antitumor activity. However, the influence of antibody denaturation on the pharmacokinetics of 211At-mAbs relating to tumor accumulation, blood circulation time, and distribution to normal organs remains unclear. In this study, we use a radioactive anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (anti-HER2) mAb to demonstrate that an 211At-induced radiochemical reaction disrupts active targeting via an antigen-antibody interaction, whereas SA helps to maintain targeting. In contrast, there was no difference in blood circulation time as well as distribution to normal organs between the stabilized and denatured immunoconjugates, indicating that antibody denaturation may not affect tumor accumulation via passive targeting based on the enhanced permeability and retention effect. In a high-HER2-expressing xenograft model treated with 1 MBq of 211At-anti-HER2 mAbs, SA-dependent maintenance of active targeting contributed to a significantly better response. In treatment with 0.5 or 0.2 MBq, the stabilized radioactive mAb significantly reduced tumor growth compared to the denatured immunoconjugate. Additionally, through a comparison between a stabilized 211At-anti-HER2 mAb and radioactive nontargeted control mAb, we demonstrate that active targeting significantly enhances tumor accumulation of radioactivity and in vivo antitumor effect. In RIT with 211At, active targeting contributes to efficient tumor accumulation of radioactivity, resulting in a potent antitumor effect. SA-dependent protection that successfully maintains tumor targeting will facilitate the clinical application of alpha-RIT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Takashima
- Division
of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory
Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Ohnuki
- Division
of Functional Imaging, Exploratory Oncology
Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Shino Manabe
- Laboratory
of Functional Molecule Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Department and Institute
of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan,Research
Center for Pharmaceutical Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3
Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan,Glycometabolic
Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Koga
- Division
of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory
Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan,Department
of Strategic Programs, Exploratory Oncology
Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Ryo Tsumura
- Division
of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory
Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Takahiro Anzai
- Division
of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory
Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yang Wang
- Nishina
Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Xiaojie Yin
- Nishina
Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Nozomi Sato
- Nishina
Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yudai Shigekawa
- Nishina
Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nambu
- Nishina
Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sachiko Usuda
- Nishina
Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Haba
- Nishina
Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Fujii
- Division
of Functional Imaging, Exploratory Oncology
Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yasunaga
- Division
of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory
Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan,Tel.: +81-4-7134-6857. Fax: +81-4-7134-6866.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Future Prospective of Radiopharmaceuticals from Natural Compounds Using Iodine Radioisotopes as Theranostic Agents. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228009. [PMID: 36432107 PMCID: PMC9694974 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural compounds provide precursors with various pharmacological activities and play an important role in discovering new chemical entities, including radiopharmaceuticals. In the development of new radiopharmaceuticals, iodine radioisotopes are widely used and interact with complex compounds including natural products. However, the development of radiopharmaceuticals from natural compounds with iodine radioisotopes has not been widely explored. This review summarizes the development of radiopharmaceuticals from natural compounds using iodine radioisotopes in the last 10 years, as well as discusses the challenges and strategies to improve future discovery of radiopharmaceuticals from natural resources. Literature research was conducted via PubMed, from which 32 research articles related to the development of natural compounds labeled with iodine radioisotopes were reported. From the literature, the challenges in developing radiopharmaceuticals from natural compounds were the purity and biodistribution. Despite the challenges, the development of radiopharmaceuticals from natural compounds is a golden opportunity for nuclear medicine advancement.
Collapse
|
7
|
Watabe T, Liu Y, Kaneda-Nakashima K, Sato T, Shirakami Y, Ooe K, Toyoshima A, Shimosegawa E, Wang Y, Haba H, Nakano T, Shinohara A, Hatazawa J. Comparison of the Therapeutic Effects of [ 211At]NaAt and [ 131I]NaI in an NIS-Expressing Thyroid Cancer Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169434. [PMID: 36012698 PMCID: PMC9409053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Astatine (211At) is an alpha-emitter with a better treatment efficacy against differentiated thyroid cancer compared with iodine (131I), a conventional beta-emitter. However, its therapeutic comparison has not been fully evaluated. In this study, we compared the therapeutic effect between [211At]NaAt and [131I]NaI. In vitro analysis of a double-stranded DNA break (DSB) and colony formation assay were performed using K1-NIS cells. The therapeutic effect was compared using K1-NIS xenograft mice administered with [211At]NaAt (0.4 MBq (n = 7), 0.8 MBq (n = 9), and 1.2 MBq (n = 4)), and [131I]NaI (1 MBq (n = 4), 3 MBq (n = 4), and 8 MBq (n = 4)). The [211At]NaAt induced higher numbers of DSBs and had a more reduced colony formation than [131I]NaI. In K1-NIS mice, dose-dependent therapeutic effects were observed in both [211At]NaAt and [131I]NaI. In [211At]NaAt, a stronger tumour-growth suppression was observed, while tumour regrowth was not observed until 18, 25, and 46 days after injection of 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 MBq of [211At]NaAt, respectively. While in [131I]NaI, this was observed within 12 days after injection (1, 3, and 8 MBq). The superior therapeutic effect of [211At]NaAt suggests the promising clinical applicability of targeted alpha therapy using [211At]NaAt in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer refractory to standard [131I]NaI treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Watabe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6879-3461
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kaneda-Nakashima
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education, Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Science, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Sato
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Shirakata 2-4, Tokai 319-1195, Japan
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Suita 567-0047, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Ooe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoshima
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eku Shimosegawa
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yang Wang
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Haba
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Suita 567-0047, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shinohara
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Jun Hatazawa
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Suita 567-0047, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sporer E, Poulie CBM, Bäck T, Lindegren S, Jensen H, Kempen PJ, Kjaer A, Herth MM, Jensen AI. Covalent core-radiolabeling of polymeric micelles with 125I/ 211At for theranostic radiotherapy. Nanotheranostics 2022; 6:388-399. [PMID: 35912139 PMCID: PMC9330252 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.71906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Astatine-211 (211At) is one of the most promising α-emitters for targeted alpha therapy, especially of cancer metastases. However, the lack of a stable isotope, frequent in vivo deastatination, and limited radiochemical knowledge makes it challenging to apply. Here, we report a new strategy for radiolabeling the lipophilic core of polymeric micelles (PMs) with covalently bound 211At. The PMs were radiolabeled via either an indirect synthon-based method or directly on the amphipathic block copolymer. The radiochemistry was optimized with iodine-125 (125I) and then adapted for 211At, enabling the use of both elements as a potential theranostic pair. PMs that were core-radiolabeled with both 125I or 211At were prepared and characterized, based on a PEG(5k)-PLGA(10k) co-polymer. The stability of the radiolabeled PMs was evaluated in mouse serum for 21 h, showing radiochemical stability above 85%. After in vivo evaluation of the 211At- labeled PMs, 4-5 % ID/g of the 211At could still be detected in the blood, showing a promising in vivo stability of the PMs. Further, 211At-labeled PMs accumulated in the spleen (20-30 %ID/g) and the liver (2.5- 5.5 %ID/g), along with some detection of 211At in the thyroid (3.5-9 %ID/g). This led to the hypothesis that deastatination takes place in the liver, whereas good stability of the 211At core-radiolabel was observed in the blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Sporer
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics (The Hevesy Laboratory), DTU Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Ørsteds Plads 345C, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian B M Poulie
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom Bäck
- Departments of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gula Stråket 2b, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sture Lindegren
- Departments of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gula Stråket 2b, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Holger Jensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul J Kempen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics (The Hevesy Laboratory), DTU Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Ørsteds Plads 345C, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark.,National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Oersteds Plads-Building 347, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas I Jensen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics (The Hevesy Laboratory), DTU Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Ørsteds Plads 345C, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
18F- or 177Lu-labeled bivalent ligand of fibroblast activation protein with high tumor uptake and retention. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:2705-2715. [PMID: 35290473 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05757-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has become a promising cancer-related target for diagnosis and therapy. The aim of this study was to develop a bivalent FAP ligand for both diagnostic PET imaging and endoradiotherapy. METHODS We synthesized a bivalent FAP ligand (ND-bisFAP) and labeled it with 18F or 177Lu. FAP-positive A549-FAP cells were used to study competitive binding to FAP, cellular internalization, and efflux properties in vitro. Micro-PET imaging with [18F]AlF-ND-bisFAPI was conducted in mice bearing A549-FAP or U87MG tumors. Biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy of [177Lu]Lu-ND-bisFAPI were conducted in mice bearing A549-FAP tumors. RESULTS The FAP binding affinity of ND-bisFAPI is 0.25 ± 0.05 nM, eightfold higher in potency than the monomeric DOTA-FAPI-04 (IC50 = 2.0 ± 0.18 nM). In A549-FAP cells, ND-bisFAPI showed specific uptake, a high internalized fraction, and slow cellular efflux. Compared to the monomeric [18F]AlF-FAPI-42, micro-PET imaging with [18F]AlF-ND-bisFAPI showed higher specific tumor uptake and retention for at least 6 h. Biodistribution studies showed that [177Lu]Lu-ND-bisFAPI had higher tumor uptake than [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-04 at the 24, 72, 120, and 168 h time points (all P < 0.01). [177Lu]Lu-ND-bisFAPI delivered fourfold higher radiation than [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-04 to A549-FAP tumors. For the endoradiotherapy study, 37 MBq of [177Lu]Lu-ND-bisFAPI significantly reduced tumor growth compared to the same dose of [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-04. Half of the dose of [177Lu]Lu-ND-bisFAPI (18.5 MBq) has comparable median survival as 37 MBq of [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-04 (37 vs 36 days). CONCLUSION The novel bivalent FAP ligand was developed as a theranostic radiopharmaceutical and showed promising properties including higher tumor uptake and retention compared to the established radioligands [18F]AlF-FAPI-42 and [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-04. Preliminary experiments with 18F- or 177Lu-labeled ND-bisFAPI showed promising imaging properties and favorable anti-tumor responses.
Collapse
|
10
|
Recent progress of astatine-211 in endoradiotherapy: Great advances from fundamental properties to targeted radiopharmaceuticals. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
11
|
Körnig C, Staufer T, Schmutzler O, Bedke T, Machicote A, Liu B, Liu Y, Gargioni E, Feliu N, Parak WJ, Huber S, Grüner F. In-situ x-ray fluorescence imaging of the endogenous iodine distribution in murine thyroids. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2903. [PMID: 35190621 PMCID: PMC8861059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray fluorescence imaging (XFI) is a non-invasive detection method of small quantities of elements, which can be excited to emit fluorescence x-ray photons upon irradiation with an incident x-ray beam. In particular, it can be used to measure nanoparticle uptake in cells and tissue, thus making it a versatile medical imaging modality. However, due to substantially increased multiple Compton scattering background in the measured x-ray spectra, its sensitivity severely decreases for thicker objects, so far limiting its applicability for tracking very small quantities under in-vivo conditions. Reducing the detection limit would enable the ability to track labeled cells, promising new insights into immune response and pharmacokinetics. We present a synchrotron-based approach for reducing the minimal detectable marker concentration by demonstrating the feasibility of XFI for measuring the yet inaccessible distribution of the endogenous iodine in murine thyroids under in-vivo conform conditions. This result can be used as a reference case for the design of future preclinical XFI applications as mentioned above.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Körnig
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Staufer
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Schmutzler
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Bedke
- I. Department of Medicine, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andres Machicote
- I. Department of Medicine, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Beibei Liu
- I. Department of Medicine, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yang Liu
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg and Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Gargioni
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Neus Feliu
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg and Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Center for Applied Nanotechnology (CAN), Grindelallee 117, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg and Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- I. Department of Medicine, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Grüner
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Larsson M, Rudqvist NP, Spetz J, Parris TZ, Langen B, Helou K, Forssell-Aronsson E. Age-related long-term response in rat thyroid tissue and plasma after internal low dose exposure to 131I. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2107. [PMID: 35136135 PMCID: PMC8825795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
131I is used clinically for therapy, and may be released during nuclear accidents. After the Chernobyl accident papillary thyroid carcinoma incidence increased in children, but not adults. The aims of this study were to compare 131I irradiation-dependent differences in RNA and protein expression in the thyroid and plasma of young and adult rats, and identify potential age-dependent biomarkers for 131I exposure. Twelve young (5 weeks) and twelve adult Sprague Dawley rats (17 weeks) were i.v. injected with 50 kBq 131I (absorbed dose to thyroid = 0.1 Gy), and sixteen unexposed age-matched rats were used as controls. The rats were killed 3-9 months after administration. Microarray analysis was performed using RNA from thyroid samples, while LC-MS/MS analysis was performed on proteins extracted from thyroid tissue and plasma. Canonical pathways, biological functions and upstream regulators were analysed for the identified transcripts and proteins. Distinct age-dependent differences in gene and protein expression were observed. Novel biomarkers for thyroid 131I exposure were identified: (PTH), age-dependent dose response (CA1, FTL1, PVALB (youngsters) and HSPB6 (adults)), thyroid function (Vegfb (adults)). Further validation using clinical samples are needed to explore the role of the identified biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malin Larsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Nils-Petter Rudqvist
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Johan Spetz
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Toshima Z Parris
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britta Langen
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
- UT Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 2201 Inwood Rd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Khalil Helou
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Forssell-Aronsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Leggett R, Samuels C. Basis for the ICRP's updated biokinetic model for systemic astatine. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2022; 42:021502. [PMID: 34991086 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac48e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recently updated its biokinetic models for workers in a series of reports called the OIR (occupational intakes of radionuclides) series. A new biokinetic model for astatine (At), the heaviest member of the halogen family, was adopted in OIR Part 5 (ICRP in press). Occupational intakes of radionuclides: Part 5). This paper provides an overview of available biokinetic data for At; describes the basis for the ICRP's updated model for At; and tabulates dose coefficients for intravenous injection of each of the two longest lived and most important At isotopes,211At and210At. At-211 (T1/2= 7.214 h) is a promising radionuclide for use in targetedα-particle therapy due to several favourable properties including its half-life and the absence of progeny that could deliver significant radiation doses outside the region ofα-particle therapy. At-210 (T1/2= 8.1 h) is an impurity generated in the production of211At in a cyclotron and represents a potential radiation hazard via its long-lived progeny210Po (T1/2= 138 days). Tissue dose coefficients for injected210At and211At based on the updated model are shown to differ considerably from values based on the ICRP's previous model for At, particularly for the thyroid, stomach wall, salivary glands, lungs, spleen, and kidneys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rich Leggett
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
| | - Caleigh Samuels
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sakashita T, Matsumoto S, Watanabe S, Hanaoka H, Ohshima Y, Ikoma Y, Ukon N, Sasaki I, Higashi T, Higuchi T, Tsushima Y, Ishioka NS. Nonclinical study and applicability of the absorbed dose conversion method with a single biodistribution measurement for targeted alpha-nuclide therapy. EJNMMI Phys 2021; 8:80. [PMID: 34897556 PMCID: PMC8665908 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-021-00425-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We recently reported a new absorbed dose conversion method, RAP (RAtio of Pharmacokinetics), for 211At-meta-astatobenzylguanidine (211At-MABG) using a single biodistribution measurement, the percent injected dose/g. However, there were some mathematical ambiguities in determining the optimal timing of a single measurement of the percent injected dose/g. Thus, we aimed to mathematically reconstruct the RAP method and to examine the optimal timing of a single measurement. Methods We derived a new formalism of the RAP dose conversion method at time t. In addition, we acquired a formula to determine the optimal timing of a single measurement of the percent injected dose/g, assuming the one-compartment model for biological clearance. Results We investigated the new formalism’s performance using a representative RAP coefficient with radioactive decay weighting. Dose conversions by representative RAP coefficients predicted the true [211At]MABG absorbed doses with an error of 10% or less. The inverses of the representative RAP coefficients plotted at 4 h post-injection, which was the optimal timing reported in the previous work, were very close to the new inverses of the RAP coefficients 4 h post-injection. Next, the behavior of the optimal timing was analyzed by radiolabeled compounds with physical half-lives of 7.2 h and 10 d on various biological clearance half-lives. Behavior maps of optimal timing showed a tendency to converge to a constant value as the biological clearance half-life of a target increased. The areas of optimal timing for both compounds within a 5% or 10% prediction error were distributed around the optimal timing when the biological clearance half-life of a target was equal to that of the reference. Finally, an example of RAP dose conversion was demonstrated for [211At]MABG. Conclusions The RAP dose conversion method renovated by the new formalism was able to estimate the [211At]MABG absorbed dose using a similar pharmacokinetics, such as [131I]MIBG. The present formalism revealed optimizing imaging time points on absorbed dose conversion between two radiopharmaceuticals. Further analysis and clinical data will be needed to elucidate the validity of a behavior map of the optimal timing of a single measurement for targeted alpha-nuclide therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40658-021-00425-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Sakashita
- Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, 370-1292, Japan.
| | - Shojiro Matsumoto
- Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Shigeki Watanabe
- Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hanaoka
- Department of Bioimaging Information Analysis, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ohshima
- Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Yoko Ikoma
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Ukon
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sasaki
- Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tsushima
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Noriko S Ishioka
- Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, 370-1292, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Suzuki H, Kaizuka Y, Tatsuta M, Tanaka H, Washiya N, Shirakami Y, Ooe K, Toyoshima A, Watabe T, Teramoto T, Sasaki I, Watanabe S, Ishioka NS, Hatazawa J, Uehara T, Arano Y. Neopentyl Glycol as a Scaffold to Provide Radiohalogenated Theranostic Pairs of High In Vivo Stability. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15846-15857. [PMID: 34708646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The high in vivo stability of 2,2-dihydroxymethyl-3-[18F]fluoropropyl-2-nitroimidazole ([18F]DiFA) prompted us to evaluate neopentyl as a scaffold to prepare a radiotheranostic system with radioiodine and astatine. Three DiFA analogues with one, two, or without a hydroxyl group were synthesized. While all 125I-labeled compounds remained stable against nucleophilic substitution, only a 125I-labeled neopentyl glycol was stable against cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated metabolism and showed high stability against in vivo deiodination. 211At-labeled neopentyl glycol also remained stable against both nucleophilic substitution and CYP-mediated metabolism. 211At-labeled neopentyl glycol showed the biodistribution profiles similar to those of its radioiodinated counterpart in contrast to the 125I/211At-labeled benzoate pair. The urine analyses confirmed that 211At-labeled neopentyl glycol was excreted in the urine as a glucuronide conjugate with the absence of free [211At]At-. These findings indicate that neopentyl glycol would constitute a promising scaffold to prepare a radiotheranostic system with radioiodine and 211At.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yuta Kaizuka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Maho Tatsuta
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Nana Washiya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Shirakami
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ooe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoshima
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tadashi Watabe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takahiro Teramoto
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sasaki
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Shigeki Watanabe
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Noriko S Ishioka
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Jun Hatazawa
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, 10-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tomoya Uehara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yasushi Arano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Surface Adsorption of the Alpha-Emitter Astatine-211 to Gold Nanoparticles Is Stable In Vivo and Potentially Useful in Radionuclide Therapy. JOURNAL OF NANOTHERANOSTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jnt2040012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted α-therapy (TAT) can eradicate tumor metastases while limiting overall toxicity. One of the most promising α-particle emitters is astatine-211 (211At). However, 211At-carbon bonds are notoriously unstable in vivo and no chelators are available. This hampers its adoption in TAT. In this study, the stability of 211At on the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was investigated. The employed AuNPs had sizes in the 25–50 nm range. Radiolabeling by non-specific surface-adsorption in >99% radiochemical yield was achieved by mixing 211At and AuNPs both before and after polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating. The resulting 211At-AuNPs were first challenged by harsh oxidation with sodium hypochlorite, removing roughly 50% of the attached 211At. Second, incubation in mouse serum followed by a customized stability test, showed a stability of >95% after 4 h in serum. This high stability was further confirmed in an in vivo study, with comparison to a control group of free 211At. The AuNP-associated 211At showed low uptake in stomach and thyroid, which are hallmark organs of uptake of free 211At, combined with long circulation and high liver and spleen uptake, consistent with nanoparticle biodistribution. These results support that gold surface-adsorbed 211At has high biological stability and is a potentially useful delivery system in TAT.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kubo H, Takahashi K, Shimoyama S, Zhao S, Ukon N, Ito H. Simulation of the distribution of astatine-211 solution dispersion in a lab room. Nucl Med Commun 2021; 42:1052-1059. [PMID: 34001828 PMCID: PMC8357048 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of Astatine-211 (211At) solution dispersion in a small animal cage using autoradiography imaging to simulate the dispersion of 211At in a lab room to eventually prevent user's risk of internal exposure in terms of radiation safety. METHODS 211At radiation sources with two chemical properties (Na211At and Free 211At) were prepared. The solutions of 211At were placed onto a dish with paper, and then, it was placed in a small animal cage for 3 h. After removing the dish, an imaging plate with attaching reference sources was placed at four walls of the cage for 15 h in a lead box. Imaging plates were read, and all pixel data were calculated using Microsoft Excel 2016 to obtain three-dimensional (3D) distribution. Calculated results were depicted using a 3D sphere model. RESULTS The mean activity of Free 211At was 2.3 times higher than that of Na211At on all autoradiography images. In the cage, the shape of the dispersion of Na211At was almost homogeneous, whereas that of Free 211At was more heterogeneous. CONCLUSION We found that the solution of 211At vaporized naturally and was distributed heterogeneously in the cage, and the chemical properties of 211At influenced their behaviors. These results must be considered to minimize the risks of radiation safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kubo
- Department of Radiological Sciences, School of Health Sciences
- Advanced Clinical Research Center
| | | | | | | | | | - Hiroshi Ito
- Advanced Clinical Research Center
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Roki N, Solomon M, Casta L, Bowers J, Getts RC, Muro S. A method to improve quantitative radiotracing-based analysis of the in vivo biodistribution of drug carriers. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 6:e10208. [PMID: 34027094 PMCID: PMC8126812 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodistribution studies are essential in drug carrier design and translation, and radiotracing provides a sensitive quantitation for this purpose. Yet, for biodegradable formulations, small amounts of free-label signal may arise prior to or immediately after injection in animal models, causing potentially confounding biodistribution results. In this study, we refined a method to overcome this obstacle. First, we verified free signal generation in animal samples and then, mimicking it in a controllable setting, we injected mice intravenously with a radiolabeled drug carrier formulation (125I-antibody/3DNA) containing a known amount of free radiolabel (125I), or free 125I alone as a control. Corrected biodistribution data were obtained by separating the free radiolabel from blood and organs postmortem, using trichloroacetic acid precipitation, and subtracting the confounding signal from each tissue measurement. Control free 125I-radiolabel was detected at ≥85% accuracy in blood and tissues, validating the method. It biodistributed very heterogeneously among organs (0.6-39 %ID/g), indicating that any free 125I generated in the body or present in an injected formulation cannot be simply corrected to the free-label fraction in the original preparation, but the free label must be empirically measured in each organ. Application of this method to the biodistribution of 125I-antibody/3DNA, including formulations directed to endothelial target ICAM-1, showed accurate classification of free 125I species in blood and tissues. In addition, this technique rendered data on the in vivo degradation of the traced agents over time. Thus, this is a valuable technique to obtain accurate measurements of biodistribution using 125I and possibly other radiotracers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikša Roki
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | - Melani Solomon
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | - Lou Casta
- Genisphere, LLCHatfieldPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Robert C. Getts
- Genisphere, LLCHatfieldPennsylvaniaUSA
- Present address:
Code Biotherapeutics, Hatfield, PennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Silvia Muro
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia of the Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
- Institution of Catalonia for Research and Advanced StudiesBarcelonaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
De la Vieja A, Riesco-Eizaguirre G. Radio-Iodide Treatment: From Molecular Aspects to the Clinical View. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050995. [PMID: 33673669 PMCID: PMC7957486 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This year marks the 80th commemoration of the first time that radio-iodide treatment (RAI) was used. RAI is one of the most effective targeted internal radiation anticancer therapies ever devised and it has been used for many decades, however, a thorough understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms involved could greatly improve the success of this therapy. This is an in-depth innovative review focusing on the molecular mechanisms underlying radio-iodide therapy in thyroid cancer and how the alteration of these mechanisms affects the results in the clinic. Abstract Thyroid radio-iodide therapy (RAI) is one of the oldest known and used targeted therapies. In thyroid cancer, it has been used for more than eight decades and is still being used to improve thyroid tumor treatment to eliminate remnants after thyroid surgery, and tumor metastases. Knowledge at the molecular level of the genes/proteins involved in the process has led to improvements in therapy, both from the point of view of when, how much, and how to use the therapy according to tumor type. The effectiveness of this therapy has spread into other types of targeted therapies, and this has made sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) one of the favorite theragnostic tools. Here we focus on describing the molecular mechanisms involved in radio-iodide therapy and how the alteration of these mechanisms in thyroid tumor progression affects the diagnosis and results of therapy in the clinic. We analyze basic questions when facing treatment, such as: (1) how the incorporation of radioiodine in normal, tumor, and metastatic thyroid cells occurs and how it is regulated; (2) the pros and cons of thyroid hormonal deprivation vs. recombinant human Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (rhTSH) in radioiodine residence time, treatment efficacy, thyroglobulin levels and organification, and its influence on diagnostic imaging tests and metastasis treatment; and (3) the effect of stunning and the possible causes. We discuss the possible incorporation of massive sequencing data into clinical practice, and we conclude with a socioeconomical and clinical vision of the above aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio De la Vieja
- Endocrine Tumors Unit (Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Endocrinas (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-918223270
| | - Garcilaso Riesco-Eizaguirre
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, 28935 Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pellico J, Gawne PJ, T M de Rosales R. Radiolabelling of nanomaterials for medical imaging and therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3355-3423. [PMID: 33491714 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00384k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials offer unique physical, chemical and biological properties of interest for medical imaging and therapy. Over the last two decades, there has been an increasing effort to translate nanomaterial-based medicinal products (so-called nanomedicines) into clinical practice and, although multiple nanoparticle-based formulations are clinically available, there is still a disparity between the number of pre-clinical products and those that reach clinical approval. To facilitate the efficient clinical translation of nanomedicinal-drugs, it is important to study their whole-body biodistribution and pharmacokinetics from the early stages of their development. Integrating this knowledge with that of their therapeutic profile and/or toxicity should provide a powerful combination to efficiently inform nanomedicine trials and allow early selection of the most promising candidates. In this context, radiolabelling nanomaterials allows whole-body and non-invasive in vivo tracking by the sensitive clinical imaging techniques positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Furthermore, certain radionuclides with specific nuclear emissions can elicit therapeutic effects by themselves, leading to radionuclide-based therapy. To ensure robust information during the development of nanomaterials for PET/SPECT imaging and/or radionuclide therapy, selection of the most appropriate radiolabelling method and knowledge of its limitations are critical. Different radiolabelling strategies are available depending on the type of material, the radionuclide and/or the final application. In this review we describe the different radiolabelling strategies currently available, with a critical vision over their advantages and disadvantages. The final aim is to review the most relevant and up-to-date knowledge available in this field, and support the efficient clinical translation of future nanomedicinal products for in vivo imaging and/or therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pellico
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Larsson M, Rudqvist N, Spetz J, Shubbar E, Parris TZ, Langen B, Helou K, Forssell-Aronsson E. Long-term transcriptomic and proteomic effects in Sprague Dawley rat thyroid and plasma after internal low dose 131I exposure. PLoS One 2021; 15:e0244098. [PMID: 33382739 PMCID: PMC7774980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Radioiodide (131I) is commonly used to treat thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidis.131I released during nuclear accidents, have resulted in increased incidence of thyroid cancer in children. Therefore, a better understanding of underlying cellular mechanisms behind 131I exposure is of great clinical and radiation protection interest. The aim of this work was to study the long-term dose-related effects of 131I exposure in thyroid tissue and plasma in young rats and identify potential biomarkers. Materials and methods Male Sprague Dawley rats (5-week-old) were i.v. injected with 0.5, 5.0, 50 or 500 kBq 131I (Dthyroid ca 1–1000 mGy), and killed after nine months at which time the thyroid and blood samples were collected. Gene expression microarray analysis (thyroid samples) and LC-MS/MS analysis (thyroid and plasma samples) were performed to assess differential gene and protein expression profiles in treated and corresponding untreated control samples. Bioinformatics analyses were performed using the DAVID functional annotation tool and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). The gene expression microarray data and LC-MS/MS data were validated using qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Results Nine 131I exposure-related candidate biomarkers (transcripts: Afp and RT1-Bb, and proteins: ARF3, DLD, IKBKB, NONO, RAB6A, RPN2, and SLC25A5) were identified in thyroid tissue. Two dose-related protein candidate biomarkers were identified in thyroid (APRT and LDHA) and two in plasma (DSG4 and TGM3). Candidate biomarkers for thyroid function included the ACADL and SORBS2 (all activities), TPO and TG proteins (low activities). 131I exposure was shown to have a profound effect on metabolism, immune system, apoptosis and cell death. Furthermore, several signalling pathways essential for normal cellular function (actin cytoskeleton signalling, HGF signalling, NRF2-mediated oxidative stress, integrin signalling, calcium signalling) were also significantly regulated. Conclusion Exposure-related and dose-related effects on gene and protein expression generated few expression patterns useful as biomarkers for thyroid function and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malin Larsson
- Departments of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Nils Rudqvist
- Departments of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Spetz
- Departments of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emman Shubbar
- Departments of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Toshima Z. Parris
- Departments of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britta Langen
- Departments of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Khalil Helou
- Departments of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Forssell-Aronsson
- Departments of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sakashita T, Watanabe S, Hanaoka H, Ohshima Y, Ikoma Y, Ukon N, Sasaki I, Higashi T, Higuchi T, Tsushima Y, Ishioka NS. Absorbed dose simulation of meta- 211At-astato-benzylguanidine using pharmacokinetics of 131I-MIBG and a novel dose conversion method, RAP. Ann Nucl Med 2021; 35:121-131. [PMID: 33222123 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-020-01548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to estimate in vivo 211At-labeled meta-benzylguanidine (211At-MABG) absorbed doses by the two dose conversion methods, using 131I-MIBG biodistribution data from a previously reported neuroblastoma xenograft model. In addition, we examined the effects of different cell lines and time limitations using data from two other works. METHODS We used the framework of the Monte Carlo method to create 3200 virtual experimental data sets of activity concentrations (kBq/g) to get the statistical information. Time activity concentration curves were produced using the fitting method of a genetic algorithm. The basic method was that absorbed doses of 211At-MABG were calculated based on the medical internal radiation dose formalism with the conversion of the physical half-life time of 131I to that of 211At. We have further improved the basic method; that is, a novel dose conversion method, RAP (Ratio of Pharmacokinetics), using percent injected dose/g. RESULTS Virtual experiments showed that 211At-MABG and 131I-MIBG had similar properties of initial activity concentrations and biological components, but the basic method did not simulate the 211At-MABG dose. Simulated 211At-MABG doses from 131I-MIBG using the RAP method were in agreement with those from 211At-MABG, so that their boxes overlapped in the box plots. The RAP method showed applicability to the different cell lines, but it was difficult to predict long-term doses from short-term experimental data. CONCLUSIONS The present RAP dose conversion method could estimate 211At-MABG absorbed doses from the pharmacokinetics of 131I-MIBG with some limitations. The RAP method would be applicable to a large number of subjects for targeted nuclide therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Sakashita
- Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, 370-1292, Japan.
| | - Shigeki Watanabe
- Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hanaoka
- Department of Bioimaging Information Analysis, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ohshima
- Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Yoko Ikoma
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Ukon
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sasaki
- Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tsushima
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Noriko S Ishioka
- Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, 370-1292, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Berdal M, Gouard S, Eychenne R, Marionneau-Lambot S, Croyal M, Faivre-Chauvet A, Chérel M, Gaschet J, Gestin JF, Guérard F. Investigation on the reactivity of nucleophilic radiohalogens with arylboronic acids in water: access to an efficient single-step method for the radioiodination and astatination of antibodies. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1458-1468. [PMID: 34163909 PMCID: PMC8179031 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05191h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Easy access to radioiodinated and 211At-labelled bio(macro)molecules is essential to develop new strategies in nuclear imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy of cancers. Yet, the labelling of complex molecules with heavy radiohalogens is often poorly effective due to the multiple steps and intermediate purifications needed. Herein, we investigate the potential of arylboron chemistry as an alternative approach for the late stage labelling of antibodies. The reactivity of a model precursor, 4-chlorobenzeneboronic acid (1) with nucleophilic iodine-125 and astatine-211 was at first investigated in aqueous conditions. In the presence of a copper(ii) catalyst and 1,10-phenanthroline, quantitative radiochemical yields (RCYs) were achieved within 30 minutes at room temperature. The optimum conditions were then applied to a CD138 targeting monoclonal antibody (mAb) that has previously been validated for imaging and therapy in a preclinical model of multiple myeloma. RCYs remained high (>80% for 125I-labelling and >95% for 211At-labelling), and the whole procedure led to increased specific activities within less time in comparison with previously reported methods. Biodistribution study in mice indicated that targeting properties of the radiolabelled mAb were well preserved, leading to a high tumour uptake in a CD138 expressing tumour model. The possibility of divergent synthesis from a common modified carrier protein demonstrated herein opens facilitated perspectives in radiotheranostic applications with the radioiodine/211At pairs. Overall, the possibility to develop radiolabelling kits offered by this procedure should facilitate its translation to clinical applications. The high reactivity of astatine and iodine in water with arylboronic acids provides access to an efficient single-step antibody radiolabelling.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Berdal
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA F-44000 Nantes France
| | - Sébastien Gouard
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA F-44000 Nantes France
| | - Romain Eychenne
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA F-44000 Nantes France .,Arronax GIP Saint-Herblain France
| | - Séverine Marionneau-Lambot
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA F-44000 Nantes France .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Nantes Nantes France
| | - Mikaël Croyal
- CRNH-O, Mass Spectrometry Core Facility F-44000 Nantes France.,NUN, INRA, CHU Nantes, UMR 1280, PhAN, IMAD, CRNH-O F-44000 Nantes France
| | - Alain Faivre-Chauvet
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA F-44000 Nantes France .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Nantes Nantes France
| | - Michel Chérel
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA F-44000 Nantes France .,ICO-René Gauducheau Saint-Herblain France
| | - Joëlle Gaschet
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA F-44000 Nantes France
| | | | - François Guérard
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA F-44000 Nantes France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ohshima Y, Suzuki H, Hanaoka H, Sasaki I, Watanabe S, Haba H, Arano Y, Tsushima Y, Ishioka NS. Preclinical evaluation of new α-radionuclide therapy targeting LAT1: 2-[ 211At]astato-α-methyl-L-phenylalanine in tumor-bearing model. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 90-91:15-22. [PMID: 32916470 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Targeted α-radionuclide therapy has attracted attention as a promising therapy for refractory cancers. However, the application is limited to certain types of cancer. Since L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is highly expressed in various human cancers, we prepared an LAT1-selective α-radionuclide-labeled amino acid analog, 2-[211At]astato-α-methyl-L-phenylalanine (2-[211At]AAMP), and evaluated its potential as a therapeutic agent. METHODS 2-[211At]AAMP was prepared from the stannyl precursor. Stability of 2-[211At]AAMP was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies using an LAT1-expressing human ovarian cancer cell line, SKOV3, were performed to evaluate cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of 2-[211At]AAMP. Biodistribution and therapeutic studies in SKOV3-bearing mice were performed after intravenous injection of 2-[211At]AAMP. RESULTS 2-[211At]AAMP was stable in murine plasma in vitro and excreted intact into urine. Cellular uptake of 2-[211At]AAMP was inhibited by treatment with an LAT1-selective inhibitor. After 24 h incubation, 2-[211At]AAMP suppressed clonogenic growth at 10 kBq/ml, and induced cell death and DNA double-strand breaks at 25 kBq/ml. When injected into mice, 2-[211At]AAMP exhibited peak accumulation in the tumor at 30 min postinjection, and radioactivity levels in the tumor were retained up to 60 min. The majority of the radioactivity was rapidly eliminated from the body into urine in an intact form immediately after injection. 2-[211At]AAMP significantly improved the survival of mice (P < 0.05) without serious side effects. CONCLUSION 2-[211At]AAMP showed α-radiation-dependent cellular growth inhibition after it was taken up via LAT1. In addition, 2-[211At]AAMP had a beneficial effect on survival in vivo. These findings suggest that 2-[211At]AAMP would be useful for the treatment of LAT1-positive cancer. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE This is the first report of an LAT1-targeting radiopharmaceutical for α-radionuclide therapy; this agent would be applicable for the treatment of various types of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ohshima
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hanaoka
- Department of Bioimaging Information Analysis, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sasaki
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Shigeki Watanabe
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Haba
- Superheavy Element Production Team, Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasushi Arano
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tsushima
- Department of Bioimaging Information Analysis, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Noriko S Ishioka
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Andersson CK, Elvborn M, Spetz JKE, Langen B, Forssell-Aronsson EB. Biodistribution of 131I in mice is influenced by circadian variations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15541. [PMID: 32968085 PMCID: PMC7511401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72180-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of radiation and biodistribution of radionuclides are often studied in animal models. Circadian rhythm affects many biological functions and may influence the biokinetics of radionuclides and observed responses. The aim of this study was to investigate if the time during the day of 131I injection affects the biodistribution and absorbed dose to tissues in mice. Biodistribution studies were conducted on male C57BL/6 N mice for three diurnal time-series: the animals were i.v. injected with 160 kBq 131I at 8 am, 12 pm or 4 pm. The activity concentration in organs and tissues was measured at 1 h to 7 days after administration and absorbed dose at day 7 was determined. Comparison between the three time-series showed statistically significant differences in activity concentration in all investigated tissues and organs. Administration performed at 12 pm resulted in general in higher absorbed dose to the organs than injection performed at 8 am and 4 pm. Time of day of administration affects the biodistribution of 131I in mice and consequently the absorbed dose to individual organs. These findings advocate that subsequent biodistribution studies and dosimetry calculations should consider time-point of administration as a variable that could influence the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte K Andersson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Inst of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Mikael Elvborn
- Department of Radiation Physics, Inst of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan K E Spetz
- Department of Radiation Physics, Inst of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britta Langen
- Department of Radiation Physics, Inst of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva B Forssell-Aronsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Inst of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ukon N, Zhao S, Washiyama K, Oriuchi N, Tan C, Shimoyama S, Aoki M, Kubo H, Takahashi K, Ito H. Human dosimetry of free 211At and meta-[ 211At]astatobenzylguanidine ( 211At-MABG) estimated using preclinical biodistribution from normal mice. EJNMMI Phys 2020; 7:58. [PMID: 32960387 PMCID: PMC7509022 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-020-00326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 211At is one of the ideal nuclides for targeted radionuclide therapies (TRTs). Meta-[211At]astatobenzylguanidine (211At-MABG) has been proposed for the treatment of pheochromocytoma. To effectively use these radiopharmaceuticals, dosimetry must be performed. It is important to determine the absorbed doses of free 211At and 211At-MABG to determine the organs that may be at risk when using TRTs. The aim of this study was to estimate human dosimetry from preclinical biodistribution of free 211At and 211At-MABG in various organs in normal mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6 N mice were administered 0.13 MBq of free 211At or 0.20 MBq of 211At-MABG by tail-vein injection. The mice were sacrificed at 5 min, and at 1, 3, 6, and 24 h after the injection (n = 5 for each group). The percentage of injected activity per mass in organs and blood (%IA/g) was determined. The human absorbed doses of free 211At and 211At-MABG were calculated using the Organ Level INternal Dose Assessment/EXponential Modeling (OLINDA/EXM) version 2.0 and IDAC-Dose 2.1. RESULTS High uptake of free 211At was observed in the lungs, spleen, salivary glands, stomach, and thyroid. The absorbed doses of free 211At in the thyroid and several tissues were higher than those of 211At-MABG. The absorbed doses of 211At-MABG in the adrenal glands, heart wall, and liver were higher than those of free 211At. CONCLUSIONS The absorbed doses of 211At-MABG in organs expressing the norepinephrine transporter were higher than those of free 211At. In addition, the biodistribution of free 211At was different from that of 211At-MABG. The absorbed dose of free 211At may help predict the organs potentially at risk during TRTs using 211At-MABG due to deastatination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Ukon
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Songji Zhao
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kohshin Washiyama
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Noboru Oriuchi
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Chengbo Tan
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Saki Shimoyama
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Miho Aoki
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kubo
- Preparing Section for School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takahashi
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kikuchi A, Takayama H, Tsugane H, Shiba K, Chikamoto K, Yamamoto T, Matsugo S, Ishii KA, Misu H, Takamura T. Plasma half-life and tissue distribution of leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13260. [PMID: 32764719 PMCID: PMC7411055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) is a hepatokine that causes skeletal muscle insulin resistance. The circulating levels of LECT2 are a possible biomarker that can predict weight cycling because they reflect liver fat and precede the onset of weight loss or gain. Herein, to clarify the dynamics of this rapid change in serum LECT2 levels, we investigated the in vivo kinetics of LECT2, including its plasma half-life and tissue distribution, by injecting 125I-labelled LECT2 into ICR mice and radioactivity tracing. The injected LECT2 was eliminated from the bloodstream within 10 min (approximate half-life, 5 min). In the kidneys, the radioactivity accumulated within 10 min after injection and declined thereafter. Conversely, the radioactivity in urine increased after 30 min of injection, indicating that LECT2 is mainly excreted by the kidneys into the urine. Finally, LECT2 accumulated in the skeletal muscle and liver until 30 min and 2 min after injection, respectively. LECT2 accumulation was not observed in the adipose tissue. These findings are in agreement with LECT2 action on the skeletal muscle. The present study indicates that LECT2 is a rapid-turnover protein, which renders the circulating level of LECT2 a useful rapid-response biomarker to predict body weight alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Kikuchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan. .,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Takayama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.,Life Sciences Division, Engineering and Technology Department, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Tsugane
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.,Division of Natural System, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shiba
- Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Keita Chikamoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.,Division of Natural System, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamamoto
- Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Bioorganic Research Institute, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Seiichi Matsugo
- Division of Natural System, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kiyo-Aki Ishii
- Department of Integrative Medicine for Longevity, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Misu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Toshinari Takamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Oriuchi N, Aoki M, Ukon N, Washiyama K, Tan C, Shimoyama S, Nishijima KI, Takahashi K, Ito H, Ikezoe T, Zhao S. Possibility of cancer-stem-cell-targeted radioimmunotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia using 211At-CXCR4 monoclonal antibody. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6810. [PMID: 32321944 PMCID: PMC7176675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore stem-cell-targeted radioimmunotherapy with α-particles in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), pharmacokinetics and dosimetry of the 211At-labeled anti-C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 monoclonal antibody (211At-CXCR4 mAb) were conducted using tumor xenografted mice. The biological half-life of 211At-CXCR4 mAb in blood was 15.0 h. The highest tumor uptake of 5.05%ID/g with the highest tumor-to-muscle ratio of 8.51 ± 6.14 was obtained at 6 h. Radiation dosimetry estimated with a human phantom showed absorbed doses of 0.512 mGy/MBq in the bone marrow, 0.287 mGy/MBq in the kidney, and <1 mGy/MBq in other major organs except bone. Sphere model analysis revealed 22.8 mGy/MBq in a tumor of 10 g; in this case, the tumor-to-bone marrow and tumor-to-kidney ratios were 44.5 and 79.4, respectively. The stem-cell-targeted α-particle therapy using 211At-CXCR4 mAb for AML appears possible and requires further therapeutic studies.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Astatine/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Iodine Radioisotopes
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Muscles/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Organ Specificity
- Radiation Dosage
- Radioimmunotherapy
- Receptors, CXCR4/immunology
- Tissue Distribution
- U937 Cells
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Oriuchi
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Miho Aoki
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Ukon
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kohshin Washiyama
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Chengbo Tan
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Saki Shimoyama
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nishijima
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takahashi
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ikezoe
- Department of Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Songji Zhao
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Watabe T, Kaneda-Nakashima K, Shirakami Y, Liu Y, Ooe K, Teramoto T, Toyoshima A, Shimosegawa E, Nakano T, Kanai Y, Shinohara A, Hatazawa J. Targeted alpha therapy using astatine ( 211At)-labeled phenylalanine: A preclinical study in glioma bearing mice. Oncotarget 2020; 11:1388-1398. [PMID: 32341757 PMCID: PMC7170498 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylalanine derivatives, which target tumors especially through L-type amino acid transporter-1 (LAT1), have elicited considerable attention. In this study, we evaluated the treatment effect of phenylalanine labeled with the alpha emitter astatine (211At-PA) in tumor bearing mice. The C6 glioma, U-87MG, and GL261 cell lines were subjected to a cellular 211At-PA uptake analysis that included an evaluation of the uptake inhibition by the system L amino acid transporter inhibitor 2-aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH). BCH significantly inhibited para-211At-PA uptake in C6 glioma (12.2 ± 0.8%), U-87MG (27.6 ± 1.1%), and GL261 (12.6 ± 2.0%) cells compared to baseline, suggesting an uptake contribution by system L amino acid transporters. Subsequently, xenograft and allograft models were prepared by subcutaneously injecting C6 glioma (n = 12) or GL-261 cells (n = 12), respectively. C6 glioma mice received three 211At-PA doses (0.1, 0.5, or 1 MBq, n = 3/dose), while GL261 mice received one high dose (1 MBq, n = 7). 211At-PA exhibited a tumor growth suppression effect in C6 glioma models in a dose-dependent manner as well as in GL-261 models. This phenylalanine derivative labeled with astatine may be applicable as an alpha therapy that specifically targets system L amino acid transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Watabe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kaneda-Nakashima
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education, Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | | | - Yuwei Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ooe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | | | | | - Eku Shimosegawa
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shinohara
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Jun Hatazawa
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu Y, Watabe T, Kaneda-Nakashima K, Ooe K, Shirakami Y, Toyoshima A, Shimosegawa E, Nakano T, Shinohara A, Hatazawa J. Preclinical Evaluation of Radiation-Induced Toxicity in Targeted Alpha Therapy Using [ 211At] NaAt in Mice: A Revisit. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100757. [PMID: 32220762 PMCID: PMC7109464 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported the dose-dependent therapeutic effect of 211At-NaAt in differentiated thyroid cancer xenograft models. In the present study, we evaluated the radiation-induced toxicity of 211At-NaAt using detailed hematological, biochemical, and histological analyses. Biodistribution of 211At-NaAt was measured in normal ICR mice (n = 12), absorbed doses in the major organs were calculated. Groups of ICR mice (n = 60) were injected with 0.1 MBq or 1 MBq of 211At-NaAt, using saline as the control group (n = 30). Body weight and food intake were followed up for 60 days. Blood cell counts and serum level of biochemical parameters were measured 3, 7, 15, 29, 60 days after injection. Histological analyses of the major organs with hematoxylin and eosin staining were performed. Biodistribution study revealed a high-absorbed dose in the thyroid gland, stomach, bladder, heart, lungs, spleen, kidneys, and testis. The 0.1 MBq group showed no abnormalities. The 1 MBq group showed decreased body weight and food intake. Histological analysis showed atrophy and fibrosis in the thyroid gland, a transient hypospermatogenesis in the testis on day 29 was found in one mouse. Hematological toxicity was mild and transient. The total cholesterol, albumin, and total protein increased with no signs of recovery, which was considered to be caused by hypothyroidism. High-dose administration of 211At-NaAt showed transient toxicity in the white blood cells and testis without severe hematological or renal toxicity, suggesting its tolerable safety as targeted alpha-therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer in the 1 MBq group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Watabe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kazuko Kaneda-Nakashima
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan; Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education, Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Science, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ooe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Toyoshima
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eku Shimosegawa
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan; Department of Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan; Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shinohara
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Hatazawa
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan; Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Watabe T, Liu Y, Kaneda-Nakashima K, Shirakami Y, Lindner T, Ooe K, Toyoshima A, Nagata K, Shimosegawa E, Haberkorn U, Kratochwil C, Shinohara A, Giesel F, Hatazawa J. Theranostics Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein in the Tumor Stroma: 64Cu- and 225Ac-Labeled FAPI-04 in Pancreatic Cancer Xenograft Mouse Models. J Nucl Med 2019; 61:563-569. [PMID: 31586001 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.233122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP), which promotes tumor growth and progression, is overexpressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts of many human epithelial cancers. Because of its low expression in normal organs, FAP is an excellent target for theranostics. In this study, we used radionuclides with relatively long half-lives, 64Cu (half-life, 12.7 h) and 225Ac (half-life, 10 d), to label FAP inhibitors (FAPIs) in mice with human pancreatic cancer xenografts. Methods: Male nude mice (body weight, 22.5 ± 1.2 g) were subcutaneously injected with human pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1, n = 12; MIA PaCa-2, n = 8). Tumor xenograft mice were investigated after the intravenous injection of 64Cu-FAPI-04 (7.21 ± 0.46 MBq) by dynamic and delayed PET scans (2.5 h after injection). Static scans 1 h after the injection of 68Ga-FAPI-04 (3.6 ± 1.4 MBq) were also acquired for comparisons using the same cohort of mice (n = 8). Immunohistochemical staining was performed to confirm FAP expression in tumor xenografts using an FAP-α-antibody. For radioligand therapy, 225Ac-FAPI-04 (34 kBq) was injected into PANC-1 xenograft mice (n = 6). Tumor size was monitored and compared with that of control mice (n = 6). Results: Dynamic imaging of 64Cu-FAPI-04 showed rapid clearance through the kidneys and slow washout from tumors. Delayed PET imaging of 64Cu-FAPI-04 showed mild uptake in tumors and relatively high uptake in the liver and intestine. Accumulation levels in the tumor or normal organs were significantly higher for 64Cu-FAPI-04 than for 68Ga-FAPI-04, except in the heart, and excretion in the urine was higher for 68Ga-FAPI-04 than for 64Cu-FAPI-04. Immunohistochemical staining revealed abundant FAP expression in the stroma of xenografts. 225Ac-FAPI-04 injection showed significant tumor growth suppression in the PANC-1 xenograft mice, compared with the control mice, without a significant change in body weight. Conclusion: This proof-of-concept study showed that 64Cu-FAPI-04 and 225Ac-FAPI-04 could be used in theranostics for the treatment of FAP-expressing pancreatic cancer. α-therapy targeting FAP in the cancer stroma is effective and will contribute to the development of a new treatment strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Watabe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan .,Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kaneda-Nakashima
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education, Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Thomas Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kazuhiro Ooe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoshima
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education, Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kojiro Nagata
- Radioisotope Research Center, Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eku Shimosegawa
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit of Nuclear Medicine, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Kratochwil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Atsushi Shinohara
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Frederik Giesel
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jun Hatazawa
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dekempeneer Y, Bäck T, Aneheim E, Jensen H, Puttemans J, Xavier C, Keyaerts M, Palm S, Albertsson P, Lahoutte T, Caveliers V, Lindegren S, D'Huyvetter M. Labeling of Anti-HER2 Nanobodies with Astatine-211: Optimization and the Effect of Different Coupling Reagents on Their in Vivo Behavior. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3524-3533. [PMID: 31268724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanobodies (Nbs) as vehicles in targeted alpha therapy (TAT) has gained great interest because of their excellent properties. They combine high in vivo affinity and specificity of binding with fast kinetics. This research investigates a novel targeted therapy that combines the α-particle emitter astatine-211 (211At) and the anti-HER2 Nb 2Rs15d to selectively target HER2+ cancer cells. Two distinctive radiochemical methodologies are investigated using three different coupling reagents. The first method uses the coupling reagents, N-succinimidyl 4-(1,2-bis-tert-butoxycarbonyl)guanidinomethyl-3-(trimethylstannyl)benzoate (Boc2-SGMTB) and N-succinimidyl-3-(trimethylstannyl)benzoate (m-MeATE), which are both directed to amino groups on the Nb, resulting in random conjugation. The second method aims at obtaining a homogeneous tracer population, via a site-specific conjugation of the N-[2-(maleimido)ethyl]-3-(trimethylstannyl)benzamide (MSB) reagent onto the carboxyl-terminal cysteine of the Nb. The resulting radioconjugates are evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 2Rs15d is labeled with 211At using Boc2-SGMTB, m-MeATE, and MSB. After astatination and purification, the binding specificity of the radioconjugates is validated on HER2+ cells, followed by an in vivo biodistribution assessment in SKOV-3 xenografted mice. α-camera imaging is performed to determine uptake and activity distribution in kidneys/tumors. 2Rs15d astatination resulted in a high radiochemical purity >95% for all radioconjugates. The biodistribution studies of all radioconjugates revealed comparable tumor uptake (higher than 8% ID/g at 1 h). [211At]SAGMB-2Rs15d showed minor uptake in normal tissues. Only in the kidneys, a higher uptake was measured after 1 h, but decreased rapidly after 3 h. Astatinated Nbs consisting of m-MeATE or MSB reagents revealed elevated uptake in lungs and stomach, indicating the presence of released 211At. α-Camera imaging of tumors revealed a homogeneous activity distribution. The radioactivity in the kidneys was initially concentrated in the renal cortex, while after 3 h most radioactivity was measured in the medulla, confirming the fast washout into urine. Changing the reagents for Nb astatination resulted in different in vivo biodistribution profiles, while keeping the targeting moiety identical. Boc2-SGMTB is the preferred reagent for Nb astatination because of its high tumor uptake, its low background signals, and its fast renal excretion. We envision [211At]SAGMB-2Rs15d to be a promising therapeutic agent for TAT and aim toward efficacy evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yana Dekempeneer
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory (ICMI) , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels 1090 , Belgium.,Institute for Nuclear Materials Science , Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK·CEN) , Mol 2400 , Belgium
| | - Tom Bäck
- Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg SE-413 45 , Sweden
| | - Emma Aneheim
- Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg SE-413 45 , Sweden
| | - Holger Jensen
- The PET and Cyclotron Unit, KF3982 , Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen 2100 , Denmark
| | - Janik Puttemans
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory (ICMI) , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels 1090 , Belgium
| | - Catarina Xavier
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory (ICMI) , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels 1090 , Belgium
| | - Marleen Keyaerts
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory (ICMI) , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels 1090 , Belgium.,Nuclear Medicine Department , Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel) , Brussels 1090 , Belgium
| | - Stig Palm
- Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg SE-413 45 , Sweden
| | - Per Albertsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg SE-413 45 , Sweden
| | - Tony Lahoutte
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory (ICMI) , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels 1090 , Belgium.,Nuclear Medicine Department , Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel) , Brussels 1090 , Belgium
| | - Vicky Caveliers
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory (ICMI) , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels 1090 , Belgium.,Nuclear Medicine Department , Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel) , Brussels 1090 , Belgium
| | - Sture Lindegren
- Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg SE-413 45 , Sweden
| | - Matthias D'Huyvetter
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory (ICMI) , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels 1090 , Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Man F, Gawne PJ, T M de Rosales R. Nuclear imaging of liposomal drug delivery systems: A critical review of radiolabelling methods and applications in nanomedicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 143:134-160. [PMID: 31170428 PMCID: PMC6866902 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The integration of nuclear imaging with nanomedicine is a powerful tool for efficient development and clinical translation of liposomal drug delivery systems. Furthermore, it may allow highly efficient imaging-guided personalised treatments. In this article, we critically review methods available for radiolabelling liposomes. We discuss the influence that the radiolabelling methods can have on their biodistribution and highlight the often-overlooked possibility of misinterpretation of results due to decomposition in vivo. We stress the need for knowing the biodistribution/pharmacokinetics of both the radiolabelled liposomal components and free radionuclides in order to confidently evaluate the images, as they often share excretion pathways with intact liposomes (e.g. phospholipids, metallic radionuclides) and even show significant tumour uptake by themselves (e.g. some radionuclides). Finally, we describe preclinical and clinical studies using radiolabelled liposomes and discuss their impact in supporting liposomal drug development and clinical translation in several diseases, including personalised nanomedicine approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Man
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Gawne
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael T M de Rosales
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand Campus, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mezaguer-Lekouaghet M, Souidi M, Badreddine A, Blanchardon E, Bertho JM, Benadjaoud MA, Baz A, Lounis-Mokrani Z. Biokinetics and dose assessment after iodine intake in a thyroidectomised rat model. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2019; 39:292-308. [PMID: 30560811 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/aaf925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Procedures using iodine-131 represent more than 90% of all therapies in nuclear medicine in Algeria. It is important to evaluate the long-term biological effects of iodine treatment on non-target organs to improve patient radiation protection. This experimental radiotoxicology study aims to determine the biokinetic models of iodine contamination. For this purpose, two Wistar rat models, with and without a thyroid, have been used to evaluate the biological half-life of iodine and then to perform a biodistribution study of iodine activity in 15 organs and tissues. For the most relevant organs, the respective absorbed doses have been calculated using RODES software.
Collapse
|
35
|
Ohshima Y, Kono N, Yokota Y, Watanabe S, Sasaki I, Ishioka NS, Sakashita T, Arakawa K. Anti-tumor effects and potential therapeutic response biomarkers in α-emitting meta- 211At-astato-benzylguanidine therapy for malignant pheochromocytoma explored by RNA-sequencing. Theranostics 2019; 9:1538-1549. [PMID: 31037122 PMCID: PMC6485192 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted α-particle therapy is a promising option for patients with malignant pheochromocytoma. Recent observations regarding meta-211At-astato-benzylguanidine (211At-MABG) in a pheochromocytoma mouse model showed a strong anti-tumor effect, though the molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we present the first comprehensive RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data for pheochromocytoma cells based on in vitro211At-MABG administration experiments. Key genes and pathways in the tumor α-particle radiation response are also examined to obtain potential response biomarkers. Methods: We evaluated genome-wide transcriptional alterations in the rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC12 at 3, 6, and 12 h after 211At-MABG treatment; a control experiment using 60Co γ-ray irradiation was carried out to highlight 211At-MABG-specific gene expression. For comparisons, 10% and 80% iso-survival doses (0.8 and 0.1 kBq/mL for 211At-MABG and 10 and 1 Gy for 60Co γ-rays) were used. Results: Enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and analysis of the gene expression profiles of cell cycle checkpoints revealed similar modes of cell death via the p53-p21 signaling pathway after 211At-MABG treatment and γ-ray irradiation. The top list of ranked DEGs demonstrated the expression of key genes on the decrease in the survival following 211At-MABG exposure, and four potential genes (Mien1, Otub1, Vdac1 and Vegfa genes) of 211At-MABG therapy. Western blot analysis indicated increased expression of TSPO in 211At-MABG-treated cells, suggesting its potential as a PET imaging probe. Conclusion: Comprehensive RNA-seq revealed contrasting cellular responses to γ-ray and α-particle therapy, leading to the identification of four potential candidate genes that may serve as molecular imaging and 211At-MABG therapy targets.
Collapse
|
36
|
Watabe T, Kaneda-Nakashima K, Liu Y, Shirakami Y, Ooe K, Toyoshima A, Shimosegawa E, Fukuda M, Shinohara A, Hatazawa J. Enhancement of 211At Uptake via the Sodium Iodide Symporter by the Addition of Ascorbic Acid in Targeted α-Therapy of Thyroid Cancer. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:1301-1307. [PMID: 30796173 PMCID: PMC6735285 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.222638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
211At is an α-emitter that has similar chemical properties to iodine and is used in targeted α-therapy. In the present study, we added ascorbic acid (AA) to 211At solution to increase the radiochemical purity of astatide and evaluated its efficacy against differentiated thyroid cancer, which is characterized by the expression of sodium/iodide symporter (NIS). Methods: Crude 211At solution (AA(-)) and 211At solution treated with AA (AA(+)) were prepared. Uptake by the thyroid was compared between the 2 solutions in normal male Wistar rats (n = 6). Cellular uptake in K1-NIS cells was analyzed under the AA(+) and AA(-) conditions. AA(+) was injected at 3 doses into K1-NIS xenograft mice: 1 MBq (n = 6), 0.4 MBq (n = 6), and 0.1 MBq (n = 6), and vehicle was injected into control mice (n = 6). The treatment effects were compared among the 4 groups. Results: Uptake by the thyroid was significantly enhanced in rats injected with the AA(+) as compared with those injected with AA(-). Cellular uptake analysis showed significantly increased uptake of 211At by the K1-NIS cells under the AA(+) condition as compared with the AA(-) condition. In the mouse xenograft model, the K1-NIS tumors showed significant accumulation of 211At at 3 and 24 h after administration (22.5 ± 10.4 and 12.9 ± 6.8 percentage injected dose, respectively). Tumor growth was immediately inhibited in a dose-dependent manner after administration of 211At. In the survival analysis, the 211At groups (0.1, 0.4, and 1 MBq) showed significantly better survival than the control group. Conclusion: Uptake of 211At was enhanced in differentiated thyroid cancer cells as well as the normal thyroid using 211At solution treated with AA. The method also showed dose-dependent efficacy against the K1-NIS xenografts, suggesting its potential applicability to targeted α-therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Watabe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kaneda-Nakashima
- Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education, Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Science, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Shirakami
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ooe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Eku Shimosegawa
- Department of Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fukuda
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Atsushi Shinohara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Hatazawa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fjellaksel R, Oteiza A, Martin-Armas M, Riss PJ, Hjelstuen OK, Kuttner S, Hansen JH, Sundset R. First in vivo evaluation of a potential SPECT brain radiotracer for the gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:811. [PMID: 30442192 PMCID: PMC6238273 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3924-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In vivo evaluations of a gonadotropin releasing hormone-receptor single photon emission computed tomography radiotracer for non-invasive detection of gonadotropin releasing homone-receptors in brain. RESULTS We have used a simple, robust and high-yielding procedure to radiolabel an alpha-halogenated bioactive compound with high radiochemical yield. Literature findings showed similar alpha-halogenated compounds suitable for in vivo evaluations. The compound was found to possess nano molar affinity for the gonadotropin releasing hormone-receptor in a competition dependent inhibition study. Furthermore, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis in saline, human and rat serum resulted in 46%, 52% and 44% stability after incubation for 1 h respectively. In addition, rat brain single photon emission computed tomography and biodistribution studies gave further insight into the nature of the compound as a radiotracer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Fjellaksel
- Medical Imaging Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Organic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- The PET Imaging Center, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ana Oteiza
- Medical Imaging Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- The PET Imaging Center, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Montserrat Martin-Armas
- Medical Imaging Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- The PET Imaging Center, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Patrick J. Riss
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Realomics SFI, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norsk Medisinsk Syklotronsenter AS, Postboks 4950, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Kristian Hjelstuen
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Samuel Kuttner
- Medical Imaging Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- The PET Imaging Center, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jørn H. Hansen
- Organic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rune Sundset
- Medical Imaging Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- The PET Imaging Center, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Engudar G, Schaarup-Jensen H, Fliedner FP, Hansen AE, Kempen P, Jølck RI, Kjæer A, Andresen TL, Clausen MH, Jensen AI, Henriksen JR. Remote loading of liposomes with a 124I-radioiodinated compound and their in vivo evaluation by PET/CT in a murine tumor model. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:5828-5841. [PMID: 30613265 PMCID: PMC6299439 DOI: 10.7150/thno.26706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Long circulating liposomes entrapping iodinated and radioiodinated compounds offer a highly versatile theranostic platform. Here we report a new methodology for efficient and high-yield loading of such compounds into liposomes, enabling CT/SPECT/PET imaging and 131I-radiotherapy. Methods: The CT contrast agent diatrizoate was synthetically functionalized with a primary amine, which enabled its remote loading into PEGylated liposomes by either an ammonium sulfate- or a citrate-based pH transmembrane gradient. Further, the amino-diatrizoate was radiolabeled with either 124I (t1/2 = 4.18 days) for PET or 125I (t1/2 = 59.5 days) for SPECT, through an aromatic Finkelstein reaction. Results: Quantitative loading efficiencies (>99%) were achieved at optimized conditions. The 124I-labeled compound was remote-loaded into liposomes, with an overall radiolabeling efficiency of 77 ± 1%, and imaged in vivo in a CT26 murine colon cancer tumor model by PET/CT. A prolonged blood circulation half-life of 19.5 h was observed for the radiolabeled liposomes, whereas injections of the free compound were rapidly cleared. Lower accumulation was observed in the spleen, liver, kidney and tumor than what is usually seen for long-circulating liposomes. Conclusion: The lower accumulation was interpreted as release of the tracer from the liposomes within these organs after accumulation. These results may guide the design of systems for controlled release of remote loadable drugs from liposomes.
Collapse
|
39
|
Expression of ADAMTS2 and ADAMTS5 in the salivary gland of rats after radioiodine therapy. Nucl Med Commun 2018; 39:110-117. [PMID: 29194287 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of ADAMTS2 and ADAMTS5 in the salivary gland (SG) of rats after high-dose radioiodine therapy. METHODS A total of 36 male Wistar albino rats were used for this study. Thirty-six male rats were divided randomly into six groups: control and five radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment groups of six rats each. All animals were killed. The evaluation of biodistribution and histopathological studies were carried out on the SGs removed. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemical analysis were carried out to determine mRNA and protein expression levels of ADAMTS genes. Differences between the groups were evaluated statistically. RESULTS In RAI-treated groups, ADAMTS2 and ADAMTS5 gene expression was observed to increase, whereas there was no mRNA or protein expression in the control group. There were statistically significant increases in the mRNA expression of ADAMTS2 (all RAI-administered groups in parathyroid gland and at 4, 24, and 48 h in submandibular gland) and ADAMTS5 (all RAI-administered groups, except on the 30th day in the parathyroid gland and all RAI groups in submandibular gland). Through immunohistochemical analysis, the staining pattern in the extracellular source was also observed in the overexpressed ADAMTS2 and ADAMTS5 groups. Nuclear coarsening and partial focal subnuclei vacuolization were determined in all RAI-administered groups with histopathological examinations. CONCLUSION An increase in the mRNA expression levels of ADAMTS2 and ADAMTS5 genes was detected in the RAI-administered groups. These results suggested that ADAMTS2 and ADAMTS5 genes might play a role in radiation exposure and radioiodine-induced SG changes.
Collapse
|
40
|
Langen B, Rudqvist N, Spetz J, Helou K, Forssell-Aronsson E. Deconvolution of expression microarray data reveals 131I-induced responses otherwise undetected in thyroid tissue. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197911. [PMID: 30001320 PMCID: PMC6042689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput gene expression analysis is increasingly used in radiation research for discovery of damage-related or absorbed dose-dependent biomarkers. In tissue samples, cell type-specific responses can be masked in expression data due to mixed cell populations which can preclude biomarker discovery. In this study, we deconvolved microarray data from thyroid tissue in order to assess possible bias from mixed cell type data. Transcript expression data [GSE66303] from mouse thyroid that received 5.9 Gy from 131I over 24 h (or 0 Gy from mock treatment) were deconvolved by cell frequency of follicular cells and C-cells using csSAM and R and processed with Nexus Expression. Literature-based signature genes were used to assess the relative impact from ionizing radiation (IR) or thyroid hormones (TH). Regulation of cellular functions was inferred by enriched biological processes according to Gene Ontology terms. We found that deconvolution increased the detection rate of significantly regulated transcripts including the biomarker candidate family of kallikrein transcripts. Detection of IR-associated and TH-responding signature genes was also increased in deconvolved data, while the dominating trend of TH-responding genes was reproduced. Importantly, responses in biological processes for DNA integrity, gene expression integrity, and cellular stress were not detected in convoluted data–which was in disagreement with expected dose-response relationships–but upon deconvolution in follicular cells and C-cells. In conclusion, previously reported trends of 131I-induced transcriptional responses in thyroid were reproduced with deconvolved data and usually with a higher detection rate. Deconvolution also resolved an issue with detecting damage and stress responses in enriched data, and may reduce false negatives in other contexts as well. These findings indicate that deconvolution can optimize microarray data analysis of heterogeneous sample material for biomarker screening or other clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britta Langen
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Nils Rudqvist
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Spetz
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Khalil Helou
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Forssell-Aronsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nagao Y, Yamaguchi M, Watanabe S, Ishioka NS, Kawachi N, Watabe H. Astatine-211 imaging by a Compton camera for targeted radiotherapy. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 139:238-243. [PMID: 29864741 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Astatine-211 is a promising radionuclide for targeted radiotherapy. It is required to image the distribution of targeted radiotherapeutic agents in a patient's body for optimization of treatment strategies. We proposed to image 211At with high-energy photons to overcome some problems in conventional planar or single-photon emission computed tomography imaging. We performed an imaging experiment of a point-like 211At source using a Compton camera, and demonstrated the capability of imaging 211At with the high-energy photons for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Nagao
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan; Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-12 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Mitsutaka Yamaguchi
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan.
| | - Shigeki Watanabe
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan.
| | - Noriko S Ishioka
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan.
| | - Naoki Kawachi
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Watabe
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan; Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-12 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ikeda H, Hayashi Y, Takahashi N, Watabe T, Kanai Y, Shinohara A, Kato H, Watabe H, Shimosegawa E, Hatazawa J. Application of astatine-210: Evaluation of astatine distribution and effect of pre-injected iodide in whole body of normal rats. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 139:251-255. [PMID: 29870920 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We proposed use of astatine-210 in preclinical study. Astatine-210 has higher yield of production and is easier to quantify than astatine-211. We produced astatine-210 with Bi target and 40 MeV alpha beam accelerated by cyclotron, free astatine-210 was separated and injected to normal rats. Three male rats (blocking group) were injected non-radioactive iodide before injection of astatine-210. Compared with the control group, the astatine-210 accumulations in the blocking group decreased to 24% in the thyroid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Ikeda
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Naruto Takahashi
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tadashi Watabe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Kanai
- Department of Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shinohara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watabe
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Eku Shimosegawa
- Department of Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun Hatazawa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Evaluation of astatine-211-labeled octreotide as a potential radiotherapeutic agent for NSCLC treatment. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:1086-1091. [PMID: 29422331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Octreotide is a somatostatin (SST) analogue currently used in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) with high binding affinity for the somatostatin receptor-2 (SSTR2) that is also overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer cell (NSCLC). Alpha-particle-emitting astatine-211 (211At) is a promising radionuclide with appropriate physical and chemical properties for use in targeted anticancer therapies. To obtain an additional pharmacological agent for the treatment of NSCLC, we present the first investigation of the possible use of 211At-labeled octreotide as a potential alpha-radionuclide therapeutic agent for NSCLC treatment. 211At-SPC-octreotide exhibited observable higher uptake in lung, spleen, stomach and intestines than in other tissues. Through histological examination, 211At-SPC-octreotide demonstrated much more lethal effect than control groups (PBS, octreotide and free 211At). These promising preclinical results suggested that 211At labeled octreotide deserved to be further developed as a new anticancer agent for NSCLC.
Collapse
|
44
|
Ohshima Y, Sudo H, Watanabe S, Nagatsu K, Tsuji AB, Sakashita T, Ito YM, Yoshinaga K, Higashi T, Ishioka NS. Antitumor effects of radionuclide treatment using α-emitting meta- 211At-astato-benzylguanidine in a PC12 pheochromocytoma model. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 45:999-1010. [PMID: 29350258 PMCID: PMC5915519 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-017-3919-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Therapeutic options for patients with malignant pheochromocytoma are currently limited, and therefore new treatment approaches are being sought. Targeted radionuclide therapy provides tumor-specific systemic treatments. The β-emitting radiopharmaceutical meta-131I-iodo-benzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) provides limited survival benefits and has adverse effects. A new generation of radionuclides for therapy using α-particles including meta-211At-astato-benzylguanidine (211At-MABG) are expected to have strong therapeutic effects with minimal side effects. However, this possibility has not been evaluated in an animal model of pheochromocytoma. We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of the α-emitter 211At-MABG in a pheochromocytoma model. METHODS We evaluated tumor volume-reducing effects of 211At-MABG using rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC12 tumor-bearing mice. PC12 tumor-bearing mice received intravenous injections of 211At-MABG (0.28, 0.56, 1.11, 1.85, 3.70 and 5.55 MBq; five mice per group). Tumor volumes were evaluated for 8 weeks after 211At-MABG administration. The control group of ten mice received phosphate-buffered saline. RESULTS The 211At-MABG-treated mice showed significantly lower relative tumor growth during the first 38 days than the control mice. The relative tumor volumes on day 21 were 509.2% ± 169.1% in the control mice and 9.6% ± 5.5% in the mice receiving 0.56 MBq (p < 0.01). In addition, the mice treated with 0.28, 0.56 and 1.11 MBq of 211At-MABG showed only a temporary weight reduction, with recovery in weight by day 10. CONCLUSION 211At-MABG exhibited a strong tumor volume-reducing effect in a mouse model of pheochromocytoma without weight reduction. Therefore, 211At-MABG might be an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of malignant pheochromocytoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ohshima
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanukimachi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Hitomi Sudo
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shigeki Watanabe
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanukimachi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nagatsu
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Atsushi B Tsuji
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sakashita
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanukimachi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Yoichi M Ito
- Department of Biostatistics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Yoshinaga
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Noriko S Ishioka
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanukimachi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-1292, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Quantitative Measurement of the Thyroid Uptake Function of Mouse by Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5717. [PMID: 28720762 PMCID: PMC5515839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) has been an evolutional and alternative approach of nuclear imaging in basic research. This study aimed to measure the 131I thyroid uptake of mouse using CLI for assessment of thyroid function. Quantification of 131I thyroid uptake of mice in euthyroid, hypothyroid and hyperthyroid status was performed by CLI and γ-scintigraphy at 24 hours after injection of 131I. The 131I thyroid uptake was calculated using the equation: (thyroid counts − background counts)/(counts of injected dose of 131I) × 100%. Serum T4 concentration was determined to evaluate the thyroid function. The radioactivity of 131I was linearly correlated with the CL signals in both in vitro and in vivo measurements. CLI showed a significant decrease and increase of 131I thyroid uptake in the mice in hypo- and hyperfunctioning status, respectively, and highly correlated with that measured by γ-scintigraphy. However, the percent thyroid uptake measured by CLI were one-fifth of those measured by γ-scintigraphy due to insufficient tissue penetration of CL. These results indicate that CLI, in addition to nuclear imaging, is able to image and evaluate the 131I thyroid uptake function in mice in preclinical and research settings.
Collapse
|
46
|
Rudqvist N, Spetz J, Schüler E, Parris TZ, Langen B, Helou K, Forssell-Aronsson E. Transcriptional response to 131I exposure of rat thyroid gland. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171797. [PMID: 28222107 PMCID: PMC5319760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are exposed to 131I in medical diagnostics and treatment but also from nuclear accidents, and better knowledge of the molecular response in thyroid is needed. The aim of the study was to examine the transcriptional response in thyroid tissue 24 h after 131I administration in rats. The exposure levels were chosen to simulate both the clinical situation and the case of nuclear fallout. Thirty-six male rats were i.v. injected with 0–4700 kBq 131I, and killed at 24 h after injection (Dthyroid = 0.0058–3.0 Gy). Total RNA was extracted from individual thyroid tissue samples and mRNA levels were determined using oligonucleotide microarray technique. Differentially expressed transcripts were determined using Nexus Expression 3.0. Hierarchical clustering was performed in the R statistical computing environment. Pathway analysis was performed using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis tool and the Gene Ontology database. T4 and TSH plasma concentrations were measured using ELISA. Totally, 429 differentially regulated transcripts were identified. Downregulation of thyroid hormone biosynthesis associated genes (e.g. thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase, the sodium-iodine symporter) was identified in some groups, and an impact on thyroid function was supported by the pathway analysis. Recurring downregulation of Dbp and Slc47a2 was found. Dbp exhibited a pattern with monotonous reduction of downregulation with absorbed dose at 0.0058–0.22 Gy. T4 plasma levels were increased and decreased in rats whose thyroids were exposed to 0.057 and 0.22 Gy, respectively. Different amounts of injected 131I gave distinct transcriptional responses in the rat thyroid. Transcriptional response related to thyroid function and changes in T4 plasma levels were found already at very low absorbed doses to thyroid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Rudqvist
- Departments of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Spetz
- Departments of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emil Schüler
- Departments of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Toshima Z. Parris
- Departments of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britta Langen
- Departments of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Khalil Helou
- Departments of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Forssell-Aronsson
- Departments of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Non-targeted transcriptomic effects upon thyroid irradiation: similarity between in-field and out-of-field responses varies with tissue type. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30738. [PMID: 27779251 PMCID: PMC5078841 DOI: 10.1038/srep30738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-targeted effects can induce responses in tissues that have not been exposed to ionizing radiation. Despite their relevance for risk assessment, few studies have investigated these effects in vivo. In particular, these effects have not been studied in context with thyroid exposure, which can occur e.g. during irradiation of head and neck tumors. To determine the similarity between in-field and out-of-field responses in normal tissue, we used a partial body irradiation setup with female mice where the thyroid region, the thorax and abdomen, or all three regions were irradiated. After 24 h, transcriptional regulation in the kidney cortex, kidney medulla, liver, lungs, spleen, and thyroid was analyzed using microarray technology. Thyroid irradiation resulted in transcriptional regulation in the kidney medulla and liver that resembled regulation upon direct exposure of these tissues regarding both strength of response and associated biological function. The kidney cortex showed fewer similarities between the setups, while the lungs and spleen showed little similarity between in-field and out-of-field responses. Interestingly, effects were generally not found to be additive. Future studies are needed to identify the molecular mechanisms that mediate these systemic effects, so that they may be used as targets to minimize detrimental side effects in radiotherapy.
Collapse
|
48
|
Kostou T, Papadimitroulas P, Loudos G, Kagadis GC. A preclinical simulated dataset ofS-values and investigation of the impact of rescaled organ masses using the MOBY phantom. Phys Med Biol 2016; 61:2333-55. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/6/2333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
49
|
Langen B, Rudqvist N, Parris TZ, Helou K, Forssell-Aronsson E. Circadian rhythm influences genome-wide transcriptional responses to (131)I in a tissue-specific manner in mice. EJNMMI Res 2015; 5:75. [PMID: 26669694 PMCID: PMC4679710 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-015-0150-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circadian variation of gene expression is often neglected when ionizing radiation-induced effects are studied, whether in animal models or in cell culture. This study characterized diurnal variation of genome-wide transcriptional regulation and responses of potential biomarkers and signature genes in normal mouse tissues at 24 h after i.v. administration of 131I. Methods Female BALB/c nude mice were i.v. injected with 90 kBq 131I at 9:00 a.m., 12:00 p.m., or 3:00 p.m. and killed after 24 h (n = 4/group). Paired control groups were mock-treated (n = 3–4/group). The kidneys, liver, lungs, spleen, and thyroid were excised, snap-frozen, and stored at −80 °C until extraction of total RNA. RNA microarray technology was used for genome-wide expression analysis. Enriched biological processes were categorized after cellular function. Signature genes for ionizing radiation and thyroid hormone-induced responses were taken from the literature. Absorbed dose was estimated using the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) formalism. Results The thyroid received an absorbed dose of 5.9 Gy and non-thyroid tissues received 0.75–2.2 mGy over 24 h. A distinct peak in the total number of significantly regulated transcripts was observed at 9:00 a.m. in the thyroid, but 3 h later in the kidney cortex, kidney medulla, and liver. Transcriptional regulation in the lungs and spleen was marginal. Associated cellular functions generally varied in quality and response strength between morning, noon, and afternoon. In the thyroid, 25 genes were significantly regulated at all investigated times of day, and 24 thereof showed a distinct pattern of pronounced down-regulation at 9:00 a.m. and comparatively weak up-regulation at later times. Eleven of these genes belonged to the species-specific kallikrein subfamily Klk1b. Responses in signature genes for thyroid hormone-induced responses were more frequent than for ionizing radiation, and trends persisted irrespective of time of day. Conclusion Diurnal variation of genome-wide transcriptional responses to 90 kBq 131I was demonstrated for the thyroid, kidney cortex and medulla, and liver, whereas variation was only marginal in the lungs and spleen. Overall, significant detection of potential biomarkers and signature genes was validated at each time of day, although direction of regulation and fold-change differed between morning, noon, and afternoon. These findings suggest that circadian rhythm should be considered in radiation research and that biological and analytical endpoints should be validated for circadian robustness. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13550-015-0150-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britta Langen
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Nils Rudqvist
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Toshima Z Parris
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Khalil Helou
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Eva Forssell-Aronsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Rudqvist N, Spetz J, Schüler E, Langen B, Parris TZ, Helou K, Forssell-Aronsson E. Gene expression signature in mouse thyroid tissue after (131)I and (211)At exposure. EJNMMI Res 2015; 5:59. [PMID: 26492889 PMCID: PMC4615992 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-015-0137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND (131)I and (211)At are used in nuclear medicine and accumulate in the thyroid gland and may impact normal thyroid function. The aim of this study was to determine transcriptional profile variations, assess the impact on cellular activity, and identify genes with biomarker properties in thyroid tissue after (131)I and (211)At administration in mice. METHODS To further investigate thyroid tissue transcriptional responses to (131)I and (211)At administration, we generated a new transcriptional dataset that includes re-evaluated raw intensity values from our previous (131)I and (211)At studies. Differential transcriptional profiles were identified by comparing treated and mock-treated samples using Nexus Expression 3.0 software. Further data analysis was performed using R/Bioconductor and IPA. RESULTS A total of 1144 genes were regulated. Hierarchical clustering subdivided the groups into two clusters containing the lowest and highest absorbed dose levels, respectively, and revealed similar transcriptional regulation patterns for many kallikrein-related genes. Twenty-seven of the 1144 genes were recurrently regulated after (131)I and (211)At exposure and divided into six clusters. Several signalling pathways were affected, including calcium, integrin-linked kinase, and thyroid cancer signalling, and the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor network. CONCLUSIONS Substantial changes in transcriptional regulation were shown in (131)I and (211)At-treated samples, and 27 genes were identified as potential biomarkers for (131)I and (211)At exposure. Clustering revealed distinct differences between transcriptional profiles of both similar and different exposures, demonstrating the necessity for better understanding of radiation-induced effects on cellular activity. Additionally, ionizing radiation-induced changes in kallikrein gene expression and identified canonical pathways should be further assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Rudqvist
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Johan Spetz
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emil Schüler
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britta Langen
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Toshima Z Parris
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Khalil Helou
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Forssell-Aronsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|