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Kożybska M, Radlińska I, Prajzner A, Krzywoszański Ł, Karakiewicz B. Problematic Internet use and attitudes towards persons with disabilities - cross-sectional research among Polish students. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:915. [PMID: 38049791 PMCID: PMC10696821 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Problematic Internet use (PIU) can have detrimental effects on physical, emotional, psychological, and social functioning. Besides well-described PIU correlations in psychological domains such as personality traits, or life satisfaction, and self-assessment, the social aspect of PIU risk also appeared to be important. This study aimed to investigate the association between PIU and attitudes towards persons with disabilities. METHODS A total of 595 Polish students aged 18-29 participated in this research by completing the Internet Addiction Test, Multidimensional Attitudes Scale Towards Persons With Disabilities, and personal information form. RESULTS The findings revealed that 30.6% of the respondents were at high risk for PIU. Moreover, heightened levels of PIU were more prevalent among male participants and students in technical fields of study than in those in medical and social fields of study. Increased PIU was also associated with more negative attitudes towards persons with disabilities in general and in the domains of emotions and behaviours. Additionally, prior personal contact with individuals with disabilities was related to both PIU rates and attitudes towards persons with disabilities in the domain of emotions and beliefs. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the prevalence of PIU among Polish students and emphasizes the need for preventive measures, particularly targeting male students and those in technical fields of study. The results indicate a relationship between PIU and attitudes towards individuals with disabilities. Further research is required to determine the direction of the relationship. It is recommended that educational programs provide opportunities for interaction with individuals with disabilities to promote understanding and acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kożybska
- Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Social Medicine, Subdepartment of Medical Law, Ul. Żołnierska 48, Szczecin, 71-210, Poland
| | - Iwona Radlińska
- Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Social Medicine, Subdepartment of Medical Law, Ul. Żołnierska 48, Szczecin, 71-210, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Prajzner
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of the National Education Commission, Ul. Podchorążych 2, Krakow, 30-084, Poland
| | - Łukasz Krzywoszański
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of the National Education Commission, Ul. Podchorążych 2, Krakow, 30-084, Poland
| | - Beata Karakiewicz
- Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Social Medicine, Subdepartment of Social Medicine and Public Health, Ul. Żołnierska 48, Szczecin, 71-210, Poland
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Kożybka M, Radlińska I, Kolwitz M, Karakiewicz B. Problematic Internet Use among Polish Students: Prevalence, Relationship to Sociodemographic Data and Internet Usage Patterns. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2434. [PMID: 36767799 PMCID: PMC9916380 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Problematic Internet Use (PIU) is a broad term that covers problems with Internet use that result in psychological, social, academic or professional difficulties. The aim of our study was to identify individuals particularly vulnerable to developing PIU among Polish students, taking into account sociodemographic characteristics and Internet use patterns. A total of 1008 students of Polish universities took part in the survey. The research tool was The Problematic Internet Use Test-the Polish version of the Internet Addiction Test. Among the respondents, 10.2% showed signs of PIU-high or very high risk of addiction. Significantly higher levels of PIU were found in males than females, science students than medical and humanities students, and Internet users using a computer, as opposed to students using only a phone/tablet. A decrease in PIU was observed as students improved their assessment of their material situation. The severity of PIU increased significantly as the importance of Internet use for entertainment increased. Our research indicates that it is worth implementing measures to prevent the development of PIU in Poland, e.g., screening educational campaigns, especially for science students. It is also necessary to offer students at lower levels of education, especially the less affluent, forms of leisure time other than computer activity with the use of the Internet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kożybka
- Subdepartment of Medical Law, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Iwona Radlińska
- Subdepartment of Medical Law, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marcin Kolwitz
- Subdepartment of Medical Law, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Beata Karakiewicz
- Subdepartment of Social Medicine and Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska Str. 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
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Balcerowska JM, Bereznowski P. The Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2 in a Polish sample: psychometric validation and relationship with specific Internet-related disorders and psychosocial functioning. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 11:228-239. [PMID: 38014388 PMCID: PMC10654343 DOI: 10.5114/cipp/151869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to adapt and psychometrically validate the Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2 (GPIUS2) based on the cognitive-behavioral model of problematic Internet use. Furthermore, the study aimed to examine the relationship between problematic Internet use and other specific Internet-related disorders (i.e., social networking sites addiction, Facebook addiction, and problematic pornography use), as well as the relationships with indicators of poor psychosocial functioning. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE GPIUS2 was administered to 1155 young Internet users. Participants completed a survey assessing problematic Internet use, specific Internet related-disorders, and indicators of poor psychosocial functioning (anxious and avoidant attachment, social anxiety, and loneliness) via two measuring contexts (online and offline). RESULTS The results support a four-factor internal structure of the GPIUS2, similar to that initially proposed and the results of the previous studies. GPIUS2 demonstrated good reliability as well as scalar invariance across online and offline measured contexts. CONCLUSIONS Problematic Internet use is a multidimensional construct rather than a one-dimensional construct with strong but not overlapping positive relations with the other specific Internet-related disorders. Those relationships are especially strong among problematic activities related to the social context of Internet use. Furthermore, our findings prove the theoretical assumptions that psychosocial problems and poor social skills are related to problematic Internet use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Balcerowska
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Bereznowski
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Yoshimura S, Shibata M, Kyuragi Y, Kobayashi K, Aki M, Murai T, Fujiwara H. The Japanese version of the Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2 (GPIUS2): Psychometric evaluation and analysis of the theoretical model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273895. [PMID: 36441746 PMCID: PMC9704612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2 (GPIUS2) is a self-administered questionnaire that evaluates problematic internet use (PIU) from a multidimensional perspective. We analysed the psychometric properties and adequacy of the theoretical model of Japanese version of the GPIUS2. METHODS This study included 291 healthy Japanese adults (median age = 25 years; interquartile range 22-43 years; 128 women) who completed the GPIUS2 and several other questionnaires evaluating the degree of PIU, self-esteem, depression, and impulsivity. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed a similar factor structure between the original and Japanese versions of the GPIUS2, with only minor differences in item composition. Higher-order confirmatory factor analyses revealed a good overall fit for the factorial model suggested by EFA, indicating adequate construct validity. The model showed acceptable internal consistency. Partial correlation analyses between GPIUS2 and other measures, with age as a control variable, revealed good convergent validity. Finally, structural equation modelling showed a good fit to the data, supporting the cognitive-behavioural model of Caplan (2010). CONCLUSIONS The Japanese version of the GPIUS2 has good psychometric properties and the theoretical model of the original GPIUS2 is applicable to Japanese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Yoshimura
- Faculty of Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Organization for the Promotion of Neurodevelopmental Disorder Research, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Mami Shibata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kyuragi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kei Kobayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Morio Aki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hironobu Fujiwara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Artificial Intelligence Ethics and Society Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan
- The General Research Division, Osaka University Research Center on Ethical, Legal and Social Issues, Kyoto, Japan
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Caner-Yıldırım S, Yıldırım Z. Psychometric Properties of Turkish Version of Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale-2 and the Relationship Between Internet Use Patterns and Problematic Internet Use. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00819-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Shoemaker Brino KA, Derouin AL, Silva SG. Problematic internet use in adolescents and implementation of a social media hygiene protocol. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 63:84-89. [PMID: 34736821 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This quality improvement project aimed to evaluate whether a social media hygiene education intervention designed for adolescents with problematic internet use (PIU) receiving treatment at a pediatric outpatient mental health clinic reduced PIU and/or improved mental health outcomes in adolescents. METHODS Participants were 28 adolescents (71.4% females, mean age = 14.2 years) with PIU seeking outpatient mental health treatment. The most common associated diagnoses were anxiety (42.9%) and attention-deficit activity disorder (28.6%). A within-adolescent pre-post design was used to evaluate changes in PIU severity measured by the Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale-2 (GPIUS-2), depression and anxiety severity was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS), and screen time defined as the average hours/day during past 7-days recorded of the adolescent's smartphone. The practice change was an ad hoc social media hygiene education intervention conducted by their provider over five, once-a-week, one-hour telehealth sessions. RESULTS A significant reduction in screen time (paired t = 10.14, df = 27, p < 0.001), severity of PIU (paired t = 12.07, df = 27, p < 0.001), and severity of depression and/or anxiety symptoms (paired t = 8.3, df = 27, p < 0.001) was demonstrated. Large effect sizes were observed (Cohen d = 1.6 to 2.3). Attendance for each session was 100% for Weeks 1, 2 and 5, 93% for Week 3 and 89% for Week 4. CONCLUSION The findings suggest administration of a social-media hygiene protocol conducted via telehealth may reduce the severity of PIU and improve mental health outcomes in adolescents seeking outpatient mental health treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne L Derouin
- School of Nursing, Duke University School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Susan G Silva
- School of Nursing, Duke University School, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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There Are Predictors of Eating Disorders among Internet Use Characteristics-A Cross-Sectional Study on the Relationship between Problematic Internet Use and Eating Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910269. [PMID: 34639567 PMCID: PMC8508531 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this cross-sectional study were: (i) to establish the prevalence of problematic Internet use (PIU) and eating disorders (EDs) among Polish students; (ii) to investigate potential correlations between the two phenomena; and (iii) to identify predictors of eating disorders among socio-demographic and Internet use characteristics in this population. To this end, a total of 1008 Polish students aged 18-40, completed the Problematic Internet Use Test (TPIU22), the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and a self-designed Socio-demographic and Internet Use Survey. Men received more PIU scores (p < 0.001), while women received more EAT-26 scores (p < 0.05) with a significant correlation observed between those variables (rho = 0.212; p < 0.001). The strongest predictors of EDs were as follows: preoccupation with the Internet, neglect of sleep in favor of Internet use, alleviation of negative feelings while online, higher mean number of hours spent online on weekends for academic and work-related purposes, extracurricular activity, lower height and higher BMI. An association has been demonstrated between problematic internet use and eating disorders. Somewhat surprisingly, our results suggest that people at risk of EDs use the Internet primarily to fulfill their routine duties. Nevertheless, further research is needed to establish the causality of EDs and PIU.
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Svicher A, Fioravanti G, Casale S. Identifying the central symptoms of problematic social networking sites use through network analysis. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:767-778. [PMID: 34437299 PMCID: PMC8997205 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Problematic social media use (PSMU) has received growing attention in the last fifteen years. Even though PSMU has been extensively studied, its internal structure is not fully understood. We used network analysis to evaluate which symptoms and associations between symptoms are most central to PSMU - as assessed by the Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale-2 adapted for PSMU - among undergraduates. METHOD Network analysis was applied to a large gender-balanced sample of undergraduates (n = 1344 participants; M = 51.9%; mean age = 22.50 ± 2.20 years). RESULTS The most central nodes in the network were the difficulty of controlling one's own use of social media, the tendency to think obsessively about going online, the difficulties in resisting the urge to use social media and the preference for communicating with people online rather than face-to-face. This last element was strongly associated with a general preference for online social interactions and the feeling of being more comfortable online. The network was robust to stability and accuracy tests. The mean levels of symptoms and symptom centrality were not associated. CONCLUSIONS Deficient self-regulation and preference for online communication were the most central symptoms of PSMU, suggesting that these symptoms should be prioritized in theoretical models of PSMU and could also serve as important treatment targets for PSMU interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Svicher
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Fioravanti
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Casale
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Italy,Corresponding author. Email
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Alheneidi H, AlSumait L, AlSumait D, Smith AP. Loneliness and Problematic Internet Use during COVID-19 Lock-Down. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:5. [PMID: 33418914 PMCID: PMC7825032 DOI: 10.3390/bs11010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, strict lock-down and quarantine were widely imposed by most governments to minimize the spread of the virus. Previous studies have investigated the consequences of the quarantine and social isolation on mental health and the present study examines loneliness and problematic internet use. (2) Methods: The current research used a cross-sectional survey during a lock-down phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of 593 participants from the Middle East region (Kuwait, Saudi Arabia) were tested using the short form of the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale and the Internet Addiction Test. (3) Results: Results from regression analyses showed an association between loneliness and Problematic Internet Use (PIU), and an association between loneliness and the number of hours spent online. Younger participants reported greater loneliness. The quality of the relationship with the person(s) with whom they were spending their lock-down was also correlated with loneliness. Those who reported greater loneliness also obtained frequent news about the pandemic from social media. Problematic internet use was associated with loneliness and the predictors of loneliness. ANOVA analyses showed a dose-response between the predictors and PIU. (4) Conclusions: This study highlights the influence of the social characteristics of the local culture during the COVID-19 lock-down on feelings of loneliness and on PIU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasah Alheneidi
- The Social Development Office, Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor, Kuwait City 13150, Kuwait;
| | - Loulwah AlSumait
- Department of Information Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 25944, Kuwait;
| | - Dalal AlSumait
- Faculty of Education, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 25944, Kuwait;
| | - Andrew P. Smith
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AS, UK
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Peterka-Bonetta J, Sindermann C, Sha P, Zhou M, Montag C. The relationship between Internet Use Disorder, depression and burnout among Chinese and German college students. Addict Behav 2019; 89:188-199. [PMID: 30321691 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the relationship between depression and Internet Use Disorder (IUD) and between burnout and IUD among German as well as Chinese college students. Due to cultural differences and their implications for the individual's psychological health, we expected Chinese college students to have in particular higher IUD than German college students. We further expected to find positive relationships between depression and IUD and between burnout and IUD. Furthermore, we believed these relationships to reflect global effects and thus to be present in both samples. The data showed that Chinese college students had higher average burnout scores in the subscales MBI Emotional Exhaustion and MBI Cynicism and also higher IUD scores, but not higher depression scores. As expected, the correlation analysis revealed significant, positive correlations between depression and IUD as well as between burnout and IUD. The results are consistent in both samples, implying that the effect is globally valid. Furthermore, we observed that the relationship between depression and IUD is stronger than the relationship between emotional exhaustion and IUD in both samples, although this effect was not significant. We conclude that burnout and depression are related to IUD and that this relationship is valid independently of the cultural background of an individual.
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Gerasimova A, Kholmogorova A. The Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 3 Modified Version: Approbation and Validation on the Russian Sample. КОНСУЛЬТАТИВНАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ И ПСИХОТЕРАПИЯ 2018. [DOI: 10.17759/cpp.2018260304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The present study introduces the third version of the Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale which takes into account the current tendencies in internet use and is based on the second revised version of the scale (GPIUS2, Caplan, 2010). The research was carried out online among Android OS users. The factor structure was verified on a sample of 204 persons (102 males and 102 females) aged from 14 to 21 years (M=17,34; SD=2). Convergent and intercorrelation validity was verified on samples of 1100 and 707 persons respectively, the majority of respondents were females. The factor structure of the scale was verified by means of confirmatory factor analysis. A relationship between problematic internet use with psychopathological symptoms and gender was found. Girls are more likely to prefer online communication and are more compulsive and cognitively preoccupied with life in the network compared to boys, but are less likely to use the network as a way of mood regulation. The overall results confirm that the scale is an adequate measure of problematic internet use among adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A.B. Kholmogorova
- Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry — Branch of The Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology
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Laconi S, Kaliszewska-Czeremska K, Tricard N, Chabrol H, Kuss DJ. The Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale-2 in a French sample: Psychometric evaluation of the theoretical model. Encephale 2017; 44:192-199. [PMID: 29157679 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale-2 (GPIUS-2) is a short self-report questionnaire assessing Internet addiction based on a cognitive behavioral model. Our main goal was to evaluate the psychometric properties of its French version among a sample of students and to appraise the relevance of the generalized problematic Internet use model. METHODS A sample of 563 university students aged between 18 and 35 years (M=20.8; SD=2.7) completed several online self-report questionnaires including the GPIUS-2, the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and the Center for Epidemiologic Study-Depression scale (CES-D). RESULTS Confirmatory Factorial Analyses revealed a poor but acceptable overall fit for the original five-factor model and the original four-factor model. Path analyses, testing Structural Equation Modeling provided showed a poor fit to the data, suggesting insufficient construct validity. Convergent and concurrent validities analyzed through correlational analyses revealed significant relationships between the GPIUS-2, its factors, the IAT, time spent online and the CES-D. CONCLUSIONS This research highlights the insufficient psychometric properties of the GPIUS-2 in a French sample, similar to previous results. However, this French version appears to be a useful multidimensional tool for assessing problematic Internet use among students, and reveals promise for future research and clinical applications of the measure, given its solid theoretical basis and despite the results of this psychometric study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Laconi
- Département de psychologie, LPS Aix-Marseille, université de Nîmes, rue du Docteur George-Salan, 30021 Nîmes cedex 01, France.
| | - K Kaliszewska-Czeremska
- Institute of Psychology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61712 Poznan, Poland; Jesuit University Ignatianum, 31501 Krakow, Poland
| | - N Tricard
- Centre d'études et de recherches en psychopathologie, université de Toulouse II, Toulouse, France
| | - H Chabrol
- Centre d'études et de recherches en psychopathologie, université de Toulouse II, Toulouse, France
| | - D J Kuss
- International Gaming Research Unit, Nottingham Trent University, NGI 4BU Nottingham, UK
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Schulz A, Bergen E, Schuhmann P, Hoyer J. Social Anxiety and Loneliness in Adults Who Solicit Minors Online. SEXUAL ABUSE : A JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2017; 29:519-540. [PMID: 26489799 DOI: 10.1177/1079063215612440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the association of social anxiety, loneliness, and problematic Internet use (PIU) with the online solicitation of minors. Within a convenience sample of adult Internet users from Germany, Finland, and Sweden ( N = 2,828), we compared the responses of participants who had not interacted sexually with strangers online ( n = 2,049) with participants who sexually interacted with unknown adults online ( n = 642), and both groups with adults who sexually solicited unknown minors online ( n = 137). Online sexual interaction with adults was associated with higher levels of social anxiety, loneliness, and PIU compared with not sexually interacting with strangers online. Sexually soliciting minors online was associated with higher levels of social anxiety, loneliness, and PIU compared with sexually interacting with adults and not sexually interacting with strangers at all. Interestingly, compared with those with adult contacts, loneliness was specifically pronounced for participants who solicited children, whereas social anxiety and PIU were pronounced for participants soliciting adolescents. These findings suggest that social anxiety, loneliness, and PIU may be among the motivators for using the Internet to solicit individuals of different age groups for sexual purposes. These factors emerged as specifically relevant for adults who sexually solicited minors and who reported greater impairments compared with adults who sexually interacted with adults. These characteristics may thus be important to consider for assessment and treatment procedures for individuals soliciting minors online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schulz
- 1 University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- 2 Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Jürgen Hoyer
- 2 Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Marino C, Vieno A, Altoè G, Spada MM. Factorial validity of the Problematic Facebook Use Scale for adolescents and young adults. J Behav Addict 2017; 6:5-10. [PMID: 28198639 PMCID: PMC5572996 DOI: 10.1556/2006.6.2017.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Recent research on problematic Facebook use has highlighted the need to develop a specific theory-driven measure to assess this potential behavioral addiction. The aim of the present study was to examine the factorial validity of the Problematic Facebook Use Scale (PFUS) adapted from Caplan's Generalized Problematic Internet Scale model. Methods A total of 1,460 Italian adolescents and young adults (aged 14-29 years) participated in the study. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed in order to assess the factorial validity of the scale. Results Results revealed that the factor structure of the PFUS provided a good fit to the data. Furthermore, results of the multiple group analyses supported the invariance of the model across age and gender groups. Discussion and conclusions This study provides evidence supporting the factorial validity of the PFUS. This new scale provides a theory-driven tool to assess problematic use of Facebook among male and female adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Marino
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della
Socializzazione, Università degli Studi di
Padova, Padova, Italy,Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences,
London South Bank University, London,
UK
| | - Alessio Vieno
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della
Socializzazione, Università degli Studi di
Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Altoè
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della
Socializzazione, Università degli Studi di
Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marcantonio M. Spada
- Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences,
London South Bank University, London,
UK,Corresponding author: Marcantonio M. Spada;
Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank
University, 103 Borough Rd., London SE1 0AA, UK; Phone: +44 020 7815 5760;
E-mail:
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15
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The Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2: Validation and test of the model to Facebook use. J Adolesc 2017; 54:51-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Psychometric validation of the Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2 in a Portuguese sample. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Psychometric Validation of the Chinese Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) with Taiwanese High School Adolescents. Psychiatr Q 2015; 86:581-96. [PMID: 25736798 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-015-9351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The recent development of internet infrastructure has fuelled a popular concern that young Asian internet users are experiencing Internet addiction due to excessive Internet use. In order to understand the phenomenon, psychometric validation of a 14-item Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS), with 417 Chinese adolescents has been performed. Compared to other instruments for use with Chinese populations, e.g. the 20-item Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and the 26-item Chen Internet Addiction Scale, the CIUS is relatively concise, and easy to use for measuring and diagnosing Internet addiction. The present psychometric validation has found good factorial stability with a one-factor solution for the CIUS. The internal consistency and model fit indices were very good, and even better than any previous CIUS validations. The Chinese CIUS is a valid and reliable self-reporting instrument for examining compulsive Internet use among Chinese adolescents. Other findings included: male adolescents tend to experience more compulsive Internet use than their female counterparts, and CIUS scores were positively correlated with the daily Internet use time and negatively correlated with the academic performance of the participants. No significant relationships between the CIUS, ICT accessibility, family economic condition, parental occupation or religion were found.
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Dias JCR, Maroco J, Campos JADB. Weight concerns scale applied to college students: comparison between pencil-and-paper and online formats. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2015; 18:188-92. [PMID: 25751051 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2014.0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Online data collection is becoming increasingly common and has some advantages compared to traditional paper-and-pencil formats, such as reducing loss of data, increasing participants' privacy, and decreasing the effect of social desirability. However, the validity and reliability of this administration format must be established before results can be considered acceptable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity, reliability, and equivalence of paper-and-pencil and online versions of the Weight Concerns Scale (WCS) when applied to Brazilian university students. A crossover design was used, and the Portuguese version of the WCS (in both paper-and-pencil and online formats) was completed by 100 college students. The results indicated adequate fit in both formats. The simultaneous fit of data for both groups was excellent, with strong invariance between models. Adequate convergent validity, internal consistency, and mean score equivalence of the WCS in both formats were observed. Thus, the WCS presented adequate reliability and validity in both administration formats, with equivalence/stability between answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Chioda Ribeiro Dias
- 1 Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) , Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Vernon L, Barber BL, Modecki KL. Adolescent Problematic Social Networking and School Experiences: The Mediating Effects of Sleep Disruptions and Sleep Quality. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2015; 18:386-92. [DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2015.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lynette Vernon
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia
| | - Bonnie L Barber
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Kathryn L Modecki
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
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Pontes HM, Szabo A, Griffiths MD. The impact of Internet-based specific activities on the perceptions of Internet addiction, quality of life, and excessive usage: A cross-sectional study. Addict Behav Rep 2015. [PMID: 29531976 PMCID: PMC5845921 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent research has examined the context in which preference for specific online activities arises, leading researchers to suggest that excessive Internet users are engaged in specific activities rather than ‘generalized’ Internet use. The present study aimed to partially replicate and expand these findings by addressing four research questions regarding (i) participants' preferred online activities, (i) possible expected changes in online behavior in light of hypothetical scenarios, (iii) perceived quality of life when access to Internet was not possible, and (iv) how participants with self-diagnosed Internet addiction relate to intensity and frequency of Internet use. Methods A cross-sectional design was adopted using convenience and snowball sampling to recruit participants. A total of 1057 Internet users with ages ranging from 16 to 70 years (Mage = 30 years, SD = 10.84) were recruited online via several English-speaking online forums. Results Most participants indicated that their preferred activities were (i) accessing general information and news, (ii) social networking, and (iii) using e-mail and/or online chatting. Participants also reported that there would be a significant decrease of their Internet use if access to their preferred activities was restricted. The study also found that 51% of the total sample perceived themselves as being addicted to the Internet, while 14.1% reported that without the Internet their life would be improved. Conclusions The context in which the Internet is used appears to determine the intensity and the lengths that individuals will go to use this tool. The implications of these findings are further discussed. Preferred non-work online activities were of informational and social nature. Online behaviors may change by manipulating the availability of online activities. Perceived quality of life can be affected in the absence of Internet access. Perception of Internet addiction may be a useful indicator of possible addiction. Specific online activities are associated with perceived Internet addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halley M Pontes
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Division, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Attila Szabo
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Division, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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