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Barachini S, Biso L, Kolachalam S, Petrini I, Maggio R, Scarselli M, Longoni B. Mesenchymal Stem Cell in Pancreatic Islet Transplantation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051426. [PMID: 37239097 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation is a therapeutic option for achieving physiologic regulation of plasma glucose in Type 1 diabetic patients. At the same time, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated their potential in controlling graft rejection, the most fearsome complication in organ/tissue transplantation. MSCs can interact with innate and adaptive immune system cells either through direct cell-cell contact or through their secretome including exosomes. In this review, we discuss current findings regarding the graft microenvironment of pancreatic islet recipient patients and the crucial role of MSCs operation as cell managers able to control the immune system to prevent rejection and promote endogenous repair. We also discuss how challenging stressors, such as oxidative stress and impaired vasculogenesis, may jeopardize graft outcomes. In order to face these adverse conditions, we consider either hypoxia-exposure preconditioning of MSCs or human stem cells with angiogenic potential in organoids to overcome islets' lack of vasculature. Along with the shepherding of carbon nanotubes-loaded MSCs to the transplantation site by a magnetic field, these studies look forward to exploiting MSCs stemness and their immunomodulatory properties in pancreatic islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Barachini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Letizia Biso
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Shivakumar Kolachalam
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Aseptic Pharmacy, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W6 8RF, UK
| | - Iacopo Petrini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Maggio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Scarselli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Longoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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2
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Navaei-Nigjeh M, Mirzababaei S, Ghiass MA, Roshanbinfar K, Gholami M, Abdollahi M. Microfluidically fabricated fibers containing pancreatic islets and mesenchymal stromal cells improve longevity and sustained normoglycemia in diabetic rats. Biofabrication 2022; 15. [PMID: 36279872 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac9d04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease characterized by the loss of pancreatic isletβcells. Insulin injections and pancreas transplants are currently available therapies. The former requires daily insulin injections, while the latter is constrained by donor organ availability. Islet transplantation is a promising alternative treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus that may overcome the limitations of previous techniques. Two challenges, however, must be addressed: limited cell retention as a result of the immune response and limited function of the transplanted cells that survive. To address these problems, we developed a microfluidic technology for a one-step generation of islet-laden fibers to protect them from the immune response. This approach enables continuous generation of microfibers with a diameter suitable for islet encapsulation (275µm). We, then, transplanted islet-laden fibers into diabetic Wistar rats. While islet-laden fibers alone were unable to restore normoglycemia in diabetic rats, adding mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) restored normoglycemia for an extended time. It increased the animals' lifespan by up to 75 d. Additionally, it improved the glucose-stimulated response of islets to the point where there was no significant difference between the treatment group and the healthy animals. Additionally, the presence of MSCs suppressed the immune response, as seen by decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α. Taken together, these fibers including islet and MSCs provide a versatile platform for concurrently improving cell preservation and functioning followingin vivotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Navaei-Nigjeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheyl Mirzababaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Adel Ghiass
- Tissue Engineering Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Roshanbinfar
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Mahdi Gholami
- School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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3
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Du S, Li Y, Geng Z, Zhang Q, Buhler LH, Gonelle-Gispert C, Wang Y. Engineering Islets From Stem Cells: The Optimal Solution for the Treatment of Diabetes? Front Immunol 2022; 13:869514. [PMID: 35572568 PMCID: PMC9092457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.869514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by insulin deficiency. Bioengineering of stem cells with the aim to restore insulin production and glucose regulation has the potential to cure diabetic patients. In this review, we focus on the recent developments for bioengineering of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and pancreatic progenitor cells in view of generating insulin producing and glucose regulating cells for β-cell replacement therapies. Recent clinical trials using islet cells derived from stem cells have been initiated for the transplantation into diabetic patients, with crucial bottlenecks of tumorigenesis, post-transplant survival, genetic instability, and immunogenicity that should be further optimized. As a new approach given high expectations, bioengineered islets from stem cells occupies considerable potential for the future clinical application and addressing the treatment dilemma of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suya Du
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjiao Li
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Geng
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Leo H Buhler
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Yi Wang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
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4
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Koehler N, Buhler L, Egger B, Gonelle-Gispert C. Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Interact and Support Islet of Langerhans Viability and Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:822191. [PMID: 35222280 PMCID: PMC8864309 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.822191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a widespread disease, affecting approximately 41.5 million people worldwide. It is generally treated with exogenous insulin, maintaining physiological blood glucose levels but also leading to long-term therapeutic complications. Pancreatic islet cell transplantation offers a potential alternative treatment to insulin injections. Shortage of human organ donors has raised the interest for porcine islet xenotransplantation. Neonatal porcine islets are highly available, can proliferate and mature in vitro as well as after transplantation in vivo. Despite promising preclinical results, delayed insulin secretion caused by immaturity and immunogenicity of the neonatal porcine islets remains a challenge for their clinical application. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are known to have pro-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. The current state of research emphasizes the great potential of co-culture and co-transplantation of islet cells with MSCs. Studies have shown enhanced islet proliferation and maturation, insulin secretion and graft survival, resulting in an improved graft outcome. This review summarizes the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of MSC in the context of islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Koehler
- Surgical Research Unit, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Leo Buhler
- Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Egger
- Surgical Research Unit, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Gonelle-Gispert
- Surgical Research Unit, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Carmen Gonelle-Gispert,
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Shrestha M, Nguyen TT, Park J, Choi JU, Yook S, Jeong JH. Immunomodulation effect of mesenchymal stem cells in islet transplantation. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112042. [PMID: 34403963 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy has brought a great enthusiasm to the treatment of various immune disorders, tissue regeneration and transplantation therapy. MSCs are being extensively investigated for their immunomodulatory actions. MSCs can deliver immunomodulatory signals to inhibit allogeneic T cell immune responses by downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing regulatory cytokines and growth factors. Islet transplantation is a therapeutic alternative to the insulin therapy for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, the acute loss of islets due to the lack of vasculature and hypoxic milieu in the immediate post-transplantation period may lead to treatment failure. Moreover, despite the use of potent immunosuppressive drugs, graft failure persists because of immunological rejection. Many in vitro and in vivo researches have demonstrated the multipotency of MSCs as a mediator of immunomodulation and a great approach for enhancement of islet engraftment. MSCs can interact with immune cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems via direct cell-cell contact or through secretomes containing numerous soluble growth and immunomodulatory factors or mitochondrial transfer. This review highlights the interactions between MSCs and different immune cells to mediate immunomodulatory functions along with the importance of MSCs therapy for the successful islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Shrestha
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Tiep Tien Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooho Park
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Uk Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Simmyung Yook
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Lopez-Mendez TB, Santos-Vizcaino E, Pedraz JL, Orive G, Hernandez RM. Cell microencapsulation technologies for sustained drug delivery: Latest advances in efficacy and biosafety. J Control Release 2021; 335:619-636. [PMID: 34116135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of cell microencapsulation systems began several decades ago. However, today few systems have been tested in clinical trials. For this reason, in the last years, researchers have directed efforts towards trying to solve some of the key aspects that still limit efficacy and biosafety, the two major criteria that must be satisfied to reach the clinical practice. Regarding the efficacy, which is closely related to biocompatibility, substantial improvements have been made, such as the purification or chemical modification of the alginates that normally form the microspheres. Each of the components that make up the microcapsules has been carefully selected to avoid toxicities that can damage the encapsulated cells or generate an immune response leading to pericapsular fibrosis. As for the biosafety, researchers have developed biological circuits capable of actively responding to the needs of the patients to precisely and accurately release the demanded drug dose. Furthermore, the structure of the devices has been subject of study to adequately protect the encapsulated cells and prevent their spread in the body. The objective of this review is to describe the latest advances made by scientist to improve the efficacy and biosafety of cell microencapsulation systems for sustained drug delivery, also highlighting those points that still need to be optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania B Lopez-Mendez
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Edorta Santos-Vizcaino
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore.
| | - Rosa Maria Hernandez
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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7
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Tootee A, Nikbin B, Ghahary A, Esfahani EN, Arjmand B, Aghayan H, Qorbani M, Larijani B. Immunopathology of Type 1 Diabetes and Immunomodulatory Effects of Stem Cells: A Narrative Review of the Literature. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 22:169-197. [PMID: 33538679 DOI: 10.2174/1871530321666210203212809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disorder which occurs as a result of an intricate series of pathologic interactions between pancreatic β-cells and a wide range of components of both the innate and the adaptive immune systems. Stem-cell therapy, a recently-emerged potentially therapeutic option for curative treatment of diabetes, is demonstrated to cause significant alternations to both different immune cells such as macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells and non-cellular elements including serum cytokines and different components of the complement system. Although there exists overwhelming evidence indicating that the documented therapeutic effects of stem cells on patients with T1D is primarily due to their potential for immune regulation rather than pancreatic tissue regeneration, to date, the precise underlying mechanisms remain obscure. On the other hand, immune-mediated rejection of stem cells remains one of the main obstacles to regenerative medicine. Moreover, the consequences of efferocytosis of stem-cells by the recipients' lung-resident macrophages have recently emerged as a responsible mechanism for some immune-mediated therapeutic effects of stem-cells. This review focuses on the nature of the interactions amongst different compartments of the immune systems which are involved in the pathogenesis of T1D and provides explanation as to how stem cell-based interventions can influence immune system and maintain the physiologic equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Tootee
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, . Iran
| | - Behrouz Nikbin
- Research Center of Molecular Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, . Iran
| | - Aziz Ghahary
- British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, . Canada
| | - Ensieh Nasli Esfahani
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, . Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, . Iran
| | - Hamidreza Aghayan
- Cell therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, . Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, . Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, . Iran
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8
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Bourgeois S, Sawatani T, Van Mulders A, De Leu N, Heremans Y, Heimberg H, Cnop M, Staels W. Towards a Functional Cure for Diabetes Using Stem Cell-Derived Beta Cells: Are We There Yet? Cells 2021; 10:cells10010191. [PMID: 33477961 PMCID: PMC7835995 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a pandemic metabolic disorder that results from either the autoimmune destruction or the dysfunction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. A promising cure is beta cell replacement through the transplantation of islets of Langerhans. However, donor shortage hinders the widespread implementation of this therapy. Human pluripotent stem cells, including embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, represent an attractive alternative beta cell source for transplantation. Although major advances over the past two decades have led to the generation of stem cell-derived beta-like cells that share many features with genuine beta cells, producing fully mature beta cells remains challenging. Here, we review the current status of beta cell differentiation protocols and highlight specific challenges that are associated with producing mature beta cells. We address the challenges and opportunities that are offered by monogenic forms of diabetes. Finally, we discuss the remaining hurdles for clinical application of stem cell-derived beta cells and the status of ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bourgeois
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (S.B.); (A.V.M.); (N.D.L.); (Y.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Toshiaki Sawatani
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (T.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Annelore Van Mulders
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (S.B.); (A.V.M.); (N.D.L.); (Y.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Nico De Leu
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (S.B.); (A.V.M.); (N.D.L.); (Y.H.); (H.H.)
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Brussels, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, ASZ Aalst, 9300 Aalst, Belgium
| | - Yves Heremans
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (S.B.); (A.V.M.); (N.D.L.); (Y.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Harry Heimberg
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (S.B.); (A.V.M.); (N.D.L.); (Y.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (T.S.); (M.C.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Willem Staels
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (S.B.); (A.V.M.); (N.D.L.); (Y.H.); (H.H.)
- Service of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, KidZ Health Castle, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-0-24774473
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9
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Bowles AC, Ishahak MM, Glover SJ, Correa D, Agarwal A. Evaluating Vascularization of Heterotopic Islet Constructs for Type 1 Diabetes Using an In Vitro Platform. Integr Biol (Camb) 2020; 11:331-341. [PMID: 31724717 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyz027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the autoimmune destruction of β-cells within the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Clinical islet transplantation from healthy donors is proposed to ameliorate symptoms, improve quality of life, and enhance the life span of afflicted T1D patients. However, post-transplant outcomes are dependent on the survival of the transplanted islets, which relies on the engraftment of the islets with the recipient's vasculature among other factors. Treatment strategies to improve engraftment include combining islets with supporting cells including endothelial cells (EC) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), dynamic cells capable of robust immunomodulatory and vasculogenic effects. In this study, we developed an in vitro model of transplantation to investigate the cellular mechanisms that enhance rapid vascularization of heterotopic islet constructs. Self-assembled vascular beds of fluorescently stained EC served as reproducible in vitro transplantation sites. Heterotopic islet constructs composed of islets, EC, and MSC were transferred to vascular beds for modeling transplantation. Time-lapsed imaging was performed for analysis of the vascular bed remodeling for parameters of neo-vascularization. Moreover, sampling of media following modeled transplantation showed secretory profiles that were correlated with imaging analyses as well as with islet function using glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Together, evidence revealed that heterotopic constructs consisting of islets, EC, and MSC exhibited the most rapid recruitment and robust branching of cells from the vascular beds suggesting enhanced neo-vascularization compared to islets alone and control constructs. Together, this evidence supports a promising cell transplantation strategy for T1D and also demonstrates a valuable tool for rapidly investigating candidate cellular therapies for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie C Bowles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.,DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Matthew M Ishahak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.,DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Samuel J Glover
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Diego Correa
- DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ashutosh Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.,DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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10
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Groot Nibbelink M, Skrzypek K, Karbaat L, Both S, Plass J, Klomphaar B, van Lente J, Henke S, Karperien M, Stamatialis D, van Apeldoorn A. An important step towards a prevascularized islet microencapsulation device: in vivo prevascularization by combination of mesenchymal stem cells on micropatterned membranes. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:174. [PMID: 30413974 PMCID: PMC6244873 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Extrahepatic transplantation of islets of Langerhans could aid in better survival of islets after transplantation. When islets are transfused into the liver 60-70% of them are lost immediately after transplantation. An important factor for a successful extrahepatic transplantation is a well-vascularized tissue surrounding the implant. There are many strategies known for enhancing vessel formation such as adding cells with endothelial potential, the combination with angiogenic factors and / or applying surface topography at the exposed surface of the device. Previously we developed porous, micropatterned membranes which can be applied as a lid for an islet encapsulation device and we showed that the surface topography induces human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) alignment and interconnection. This was achieved without the addition of hydrogels, often used in angiogenesis assays. In this work, we went one step further towards clinical implementation of the device by combining this micropatterned lid with Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) to facilitate prevascularization in vivo. As for HUVECs, the micropatterned membranes induced MSC alignment and organization in vitro, an important contributor to vessel formation, whereas in vivo (subcutaneous rat model) they contributed to improved implant prevascularization. In fact, the combination of MSCs seeded on the micropatterned membrane induced the highest vessel formation score in 80% of the sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milou Groot Nibbelink
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute of Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Katarzyna Skrzypek
- (Bio)artificial organs. Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute of Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine University of Twente, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisanne Karbaat
- (Bio)artificial organs. Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute of Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine University of Twente, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Both
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute of Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Plass
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute of Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bettie Klomphaar
- Biomedical Signals and Systems, MIRA Institute of Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jéré van Lente
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute of Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sieger Henke
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute of Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute of Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Stamatialis
- (Bio)artificial organs. Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute of Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine University of Twente, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aart van Apeldoorn
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute of Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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11
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The Optimal Timing for Pancreatic Islet Transplantation into Subcutaneous Scaffolds Assessed by Multimodal Imaging. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2017; 2017:5418495. [PMID: 29440984 PMCID: PMC5758856 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5418495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Subcutaneously implanted polymeric scaffolds represent an alternative transplantation site for pancreatic islets (PIs) with the option of vascularisation enhancement by mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Nevertheless, a proper timing of the transplantation steps is crucial. In this study, scaffolds supplemented with plastic rods were implanted into diabetic rats and two timing schemes for subsequent transplantation of bioluminescent PIs (4 or 7 days after rod removal) were examined by multimodal imaging. The cavities were left to heal spontaneously or with 10 million injected MSCs. Morphological and vascularisation changes were examined by MRI, while the localisation and viability of transplanted islets were monitored by bioluminescence imaging. The results show that PIs transplanted 4 days after rod removal showed the higher optical signal and vascularisation compared to transplantation after 7 days. MSCs slightly improved vascularisation of the graft but hindered therapeutic efficiency of PIs. Long-term glycaemia normalisation (4 months) was attained in 80% of animals. In summary, multimodal imaging confirmed the long-term survival and function of transplanted PIs in the devices. The best outcome was reached with PIs transplanted on day 4 after rod removal and therefore the suggested protocol holds a potential for further applications.
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12
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Krishnan R, Ko D, Foster CE, Liu W, Smink AM, de Haan B, De Vos P, Lakey JRT. Immunological Challenges Facing Translation of Alginate Encapsulated Porcine Islet Xenotransplantation to Human Clinical Trials. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1479:305-333. [PMID: 27738946 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6364-5_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of alginate-encapsulated islets has the potential to treat patients suffering from type I diabetes, a condition characterized by an autoimmune attack against insulin-secreting beta cells. However, there are multiple immunological challenges associated with this procedure, all of which must be adequately addressed prior to translation from trials in small animal and nonhuman primate models to human clinical trials. Principal threats to graft viability include immune-mediated destruction triggered by immunogenic alginate impurities, unfavorable polymer composition and surface characteristics, and release of membrane-permeable antigens, as well as damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by the encapsulated islets themselves. The lack of standardization of significant parameters of bioencapsulation device design and manufacture (i.e., purification protocols, surface-modification grafting techniques, alginate composition modifications) between labs is yet another obstacle that must be overcome before a clinically effective and applicable protocol for encapsulating islets can be implemented. Nonetheless, substantial progress is being made, as is evident from prolonged graft survival times and improved protection from immune-mediated graft destruction reported by various research groups, but also with regard to discoveries of specific pathways involved in explaining observed outcomes. Progress in the latter is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the varying levels of immunogenicity of certain alginate devices. Successful translation of encapsulated islet transplantation from in vitro and animal model testing to human clinical trials hinges on application of this knowledge of the pathways and interactions which comprise immune-mediated rejection. Thus, this review not only focuses on the different factors contributing to provocation of the immune reaction by encapsulated islets, but also on the defining characteristics of the response itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Krishnan
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, 333 City Blvd West, Suite 1600, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - David Ko
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, 333 City Blvd West, Suite 1600, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Clarence E Foster
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, 333 City Blvd West, Suite 1600, Orange, CA, 92868, USA.,Department of Transplantation, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - A M Smink
- Division of Immuno-Endocrinology, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart de Haan
- Division of Immuno-Endocrinology, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul De Vos
- Division of Immuno-Endocrinology, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan R T Lakey
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, 333 City Blvd West, Suite 1600, Orange, CA, 92868, USA. .,Department of Transplantation, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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13
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Long G, Zhang G, Zhang F, Li M, Ye D, Yang D, Yang Y. Cotransplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immature Dendritic Cells Potentiates the Blood Glucose Control of Islet Allografts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4107943. [PMID: 29410963 PMCID: PMC5749219 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4107943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplantation of islets is a promising alternative to treat type 1 diabetes (T1D), but graft rejection is the major obstacle to its application in clinical practice. We evaluated the effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and immature dendritic cells (imDCs) on islet transplantation in diabetic model. METHODS The streptozotocin T1D model was established in BABL/c mice. Rat islets were isolated and identified with dithizone (DTZ) staining. MSCs and imDCs were isolated from bone marrow of syngenic mice. Islets, alone or along with MSCs and/or imDCs, were transplanted to the left kidney capsule of diabetic mice. The blood glucose levels and glycosylated hemoglobin levels after transplantation were monitored. RESULTS Cotransplantation significantly decreased blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels in the diabetes mice. Transplantation of 200 islets + 2 × 105 MSCs + 2 × 105 imDCs could not only restore normal blood glucose levels, but also significantly prolong graft survival for 12.6 ± 3.48 days. CONCLUSIONS Cotransplantation of allogenic islets with imDCs and/or MSCs can significantly promote graft survival, reverse hyperglycemia, and effectively control the glycosylated hemoglobin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Long
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guangtao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fangting Zhang
- Center Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minghua Li
- Center Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongshuo Ye
- Shenzhen BioScien Pharmaceuticals Co. LTD, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dengke Yang
- Shenzhen BioScien Pharmaceuticals Co. LTD, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinke Yang
- Shenzhen BioScien Pharmaceuticals Co. LTD, Shenzhen, China
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14
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Vaithilingam V, Evans MDM, Lewy DM, Bean PA, Bal S, Tuch BE. Co-encapsulation and co-transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells reduces pericapsular fibrosis and improves encapsulated islet survival and function when allografted. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10059. [PMID: 28855611 PMCID: PMC5577272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericapsular fibrotic overgrowth (PFO) is associated with poor survival of encapsulated islets. A strategy to combat PFO is the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). MSC have anti-inflammatory properties and their potential can be enhanced by stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines. This study investigated whether co-encapsulation or co-transplantation of MSC with encapsulated islets would reduce PFO and improve graft survival. Stimulating MSC with a cytokine cocktail of IFN-γ and TNF-α enhanced their immunosuppressive potential by increasing nitric oxide production and secreting higher levels of immunomodulatory cytokines. In vitro, co-encapsulation with MSC did not affect islet viability but significantly enhanced glucose-induced insulin secretion. In vivo, normoglycemia was achieved in 100% mice receiving islets co-encapsulated with stimulated MSC as opposed to 71.4% receiving unstimulated MSC and only 9.1% receiving encapsulated islets alone. Microcapsules retrieved from both unstimulated and stimulated MSC groups had significantly less PFO with improved islet viability and function compared to encapsulated islets alone. Levels of peritoneal immunomodulatory cytokines IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and G-CSF were significantly higher in MSC co-encapsulated groups. Similar results were obtained when encapsulated islets and MSC were co-transplanted. In summary, co-encapsulation or co-transplantation of MSC with encapsulated islets reduced PFO and improved the functional outcome of allotransplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayaganapathy Vaithilingam
- Biomedical Manufacturing Research Program, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Manufacturing Flagship, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Margaret D M Evans
- Biomedical Manufacturing Research Program, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Manufacturing Flagship, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Denise M Lewy
- Biomedical Manufacturing Research Program, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Manufacturing Flagship, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Penelope A Bean
- Biomedical Manufacturing Research Program, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Manufacturing Flagship, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sumeet Bal
- Biomedical Manufacturing Research Program, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Manufacturing Flagship, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bernard E Tuch
- Biomedical Manufacturing Research Program, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Manufacturing Flagship, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Foundation for Diabetes Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, previously at CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Abstract
Transplantation of pancreatic islets encapsulated within immuno-protective microcapsules is a strategy that has the potential to overcome graft rejection without the need for toxic immunosuppressive medication. However, despite promising preclinical studies, clinical trials using encapsulated islets have lacked long-term efficacy, and although generally considered clinically safe, have not been encouraging overall. One of the major factors limiting the long-term function of encapsulated islets is the host's immunological reaction to the transplanted graft which is often manifested as pericapsular fibrotic overgrowth (PFO). PFO forms a barrier on the capsule surface that prevents the ingress of oxygen and nutrients leading to islet cell starvation, hypoxia and death. The mechanism of PFO formation is still not elucidated fully and studies using a pig model have tried to understand the host immune response to empty alginate microcapsules. In this review, the varied strategies to overcome or reduce PFO are discussed, including alginate purification, altering microcapsule geometry, modifying alginate chemical composition, co-encapsulation with immunomodulatory cells, administration of pharmacological agents, and alternative transplantation sites. Nanoencapsulation technologies, such as conformal and layer-by-layer coating technologies, as well as nanofiber, thin-film nanoporous devices, and silicone based NanoGland devices are also addressed. Finally, this review outlines recent progress in imaging technologies to track encapsulated cells, as well as promising perspectives concerning the production of insulin-producing cells from stem cells for encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayaganapathy Vaithilingam
- Materials Science and Engineering, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sumeet Bal
- Materials Science and Engineering, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bernard E Tuch
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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16
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Mannucci S, Calderan L, Quaranta P, Antonini S, Mosca F, Longoni B, Marzola P, Boschi F. Quantum dots labelling allows detection of the homing of mesenchymal stem cells administered as immunomodulatory therapy in an experimental model of pancreatic islets transplantation. J Anat 2016; 230:381-388. [PMID: 27861845 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell transplantation is considered a promising therapeutic approach in several pathologies but still needs innovative and non-invasive imaging technologies to be validated. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) attracts major interest in clinical transplantation thanks to their regenerative properties, low immunogenicity and ability to regulate immune responses. In several animal models, MSCs are used in co-transplantation with pancreatic islets (PIs) for the treatment of type I diabetes, supporting graft survival and prolonging normal glycaemia levels. In this study we investigated the homing of systemically administered MSCs in a rat model of pancreatic portal vein transplantation. MSCs labelled with quantum dots (Qdots) were systemically injected by tail vein and monitored by optical fluorescence imaging. The fluorescence signal of the liver in animals co-transplanted with MSCs and PIs was significantly higher than in control animals in which MSCs alone were transplanted. By using magnetic labelling of PIs, the homing of PIs into liver was independently confirmed. These results demonstrate that MSCs injected in peripheral blood vessels preferentially accumulate into liver when PIs are transplanted in the same organ. Moreover, we prove that bimodal MRI-fluorescence imaging allows specific monitoring of the fate of two types of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mannucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Calderan
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Quaranta
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Antonini
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Franco Mosca
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Longoni
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pasquina Marzola
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Boschi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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17
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Mesenchymal stem cells moderate immune response of type 1 diabetes. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 368:239-248. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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Quaranta P, Focosi D, Freer G, Pistello M. Tweaking Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cell Immunomodulatory Properties with Viral Vectors Delivering Cytokines. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1321-41. [PMID: 27476883 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) can be found in various body sites. Their main role is to differentiate into cartilage, bone, muscle, and fat cells to allow tissue maintenance and repair. During inflammation, MSCs exhibit important immunomodulatory properties that are not constitutive, but require activation, upon which they may exert immunosuppressive functions. MSCs are defined as "sensors of inflammation" since they modulate their ability of interfering with the immune system both in vitro and in vivo upon interaction with different factors. MSCs may influence immune responses through different mechanisms, such as direct cell-to-cell contact, release of soluble factors, and through the induction of anergy and apoptosis. Human MSCs are defined as plastic-adherent cells expressing specific surface molecules. Lack of MHC class II antigens makes them appealing as allogeneic tools for the therapy of both autoimmune diseases and cancer. MSC therapeutic potential could be highly enhanced by the expression of exogenous cytokines provided by transduction with viral vectors. In this review, we attempt to summarize the results of a great number of in vitro and in vivo studies aimed at improving the ability of MSCs as immunomodulators in the therapy of autoimmune, degenerative diseases and cancer. We will also compare results obtained with different vectors to deliver heterologous genes to these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Quaranta
- 1 Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Virology Section and Retrovirus Center, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Focosi
- 2 North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital , Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Freer
- 1 Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Virology Section and Retrovirus Center, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy .,3 Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital , Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Pistello
- 1 Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Virology Section and Retrovirus Center, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy .,3 Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital , Pisa, Italy
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19
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Unsal IO, Ginis Z, Pinarli FA, Albayrak A, Cakal E, Sahin M, Delibasi T. Comparison of therapeutic characteristics of islet cell transplantation simultaneous with pancreatic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in rats with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 11:526-32. [PMID: 25297071 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although, pancreas islet call transplantation is a new, promising method for type 1 diabetic patients, it remains as an experimental procedure applied in selected patients. The present study aimed to investigate effect of pancreatic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation simultaneous with islet cell transplantation on islet liveliness and thus on the treatment of diabetes in type 1 diabetic rats. The study used Wistar Albino Rats and was performed in a total of four groups [control (G1), mesenchymal stem cell (G2), islet (G3) and islet + mesencymal stem cell (G4)] each including 8 rats. Blood glucose level of the rats, in which diabetes model has been created using streptozotocin, was measured after 72 h. Blood samples were obtained from the rats 30 days after transplantation and then, their livers and pancreases were kept in 10% formaldehyde and the experiment was ended. Following staining with H&E, they were morphologically evaluated under a light microscope. Change in mean blood glucose level was statistically significant in G3 and G4 versus G1 and G2 (p = 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001 respectively). Histological examination revealed that mean number of islet cells in the pancreases of the rats was higher in G4; difference between the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Transplantation of islet cells together with mesenchymal stem cells showed beneficial effects in terms of prolonging survival of islet grafts suggesting that transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells together with islet cells during clinical islet transplantation may be beneficial in increasing the number of noninsulin-dependent patients in Type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilknur Ozturk Unsal
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey,
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20
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Duong KM, Arikkatt J, Ullah MA, Lynch JP, Zhang V, Atkinson K, Sly PD, Phipps S. Immunomodulation of airway epithelium cell activation by mesenchymal stromal cells ameliorates house dust mite-induced airway inflammation in mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 53:615-24. [PMID: 25789608 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0431oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is underpinned by T helper 2 (Th2) inflammation. Redundancy in Th2 cytokine function and production by innate and adaptive immune cells suggests that strategies aimed at immunomodulation may prove more beneficial. Hence, we sought to determine whether administration of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to house dust mite (HDM) (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus)-sensitized mice would suppress the development of Th2 inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) after HDM challenge. We report that the intravenous administration of allogeneic donor MSCs 1 hour before allergen challenge significantly attenuated the features of allergic asthma, including tissue eosinophilia, Th2 cytokine (IL-5 and IL-13) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and AHR. The number of infiltrating type 2 innate lymphoid cells was not affected by MSC transfer, suggesting that MSCs may modulate the adaptive arm of Th2 immunity. The effect of MSC administration was long lasting; all features of allergic airway disease were significantly suppressed in response to a second round of HDM challenge 4 weeks after MSC administration. Further, we observed that MSCs decreased the release of epithelial cell-derived alarmins IL-1α and high mobility group box-1 in an IL-1 receptor antagonist-dependent manner. This significantly decreased the expression of the pro-Th2 cytokine IL-25 and reduced the number of activated and antigen-acquiring CD11c(+)CD11b(+) dendritic cells in the lung and mediastinal lymph nodes. Our findings suggest that MSC administration can ameliorate allergic airway inflammation by blunting the amplification of epithelial-derived inflammatory cytokines induced by HDM exposure and may offer long-term protection against Th2-mediated allergic airway inflammation and AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khang M Duong
- 1 The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Jaisy Arikkatt
- 1 The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - M Ashik Ullah
- 2 The Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane
| | - Jason P Lynch
- 1 The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Vivian Zhang
- 1 The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Kerry Atkinson
- 3 The Queensland University of Technology at the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane.,4 The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane; and
| | - Peter D Sly
- 5 The Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- 1 The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane
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21
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Human Wharton's jelly–derived mesenchymal stromal cells engineered to secrete Epstein-Barr virus interleukin-10 show enhanced immunosuppressive properties. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:205-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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22
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Rackham CL, Vargas AE, Hawkes RG, Amisten S, Persaud SJ, Austin ALF, King AJF, Jones PM. Annexin A1 Is a Key Modulator of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Mediated Improvements in Islet Function. Diabetes 2016; 65:129-39. [PMID: 26470781 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that coculture of islets with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) enhanced islet insulin secretory capacity in vitro, correlating with improved graft function in vivo. To identify factors that contribute to MSC-mediated improvements in islet function, we have used an unbiased quantitative RT-PCR screening approach to identify MSC-derived peptide ligands of G-protein-coupled receptors that are expressed by islets cells. We demonstrated high expression of annexin A1 (ANXA1) mRNA by MSCs and confirmed expression at the protein level in lysates and MSC-conditioned media by Western blot analysis and ELISA. Preculturing islets with exogenous ANXA1 enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), thereby mimicking the beneficial influence of MSC preculture in vitro. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of ANXA1 in MSCs reduced their capacity to potentiate GSIS. MSCs derived from ANXA1(-/-) mice had no functional capacity to enhance GSIS, in contrast to wild-type controls. Preculturing islets with ANXA1 had modest effects on their capacity to regulate blood glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, indicating that additional MSC-derived factors are required to fully mimic the beneficial effects of MSC preculture in vivo. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of harnessing the MSC secretome as a defined, noncellular strategy to improve the efficiency of clinical islet transplantation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe L Rackham
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Andreia E Vargas
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Ross G Hawkes
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Stefan Amisten
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Shanta J Persaud
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Amazon L F Austin
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Aileen J F King
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Peter M Jones
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, U.K.
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23
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Khosravi-Maharlooei M, Hajizadeh-Saffar E, Tahamtani Y, Basiri M, Montazeri L, Khalooghi K, Kazemi Ashtiani M, Farrokhi A, Aghdami N, Sadr Hashemi Nejad A, Larijani MB, De Leu N, Heimberg H, Luo X, Baharvand H. THERAPY OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Islet transplantation for type 1 diabetes: so close and yet so far away. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 173:R165-83. [PMID: 26036437 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, tremendous efforts have been made to establish pancreatic islet transplantation as a standard therapy for type 1 diabetes. Recent advances in islet transplantation have resulted in steady improvements in the 5-year insulin independence rates for diabetic patients. Here we review the key challenges encountered in the islet transplantation field which include islet source limitation, sub-optimal engraftment of islets, lack of oxygen and blood supply for transplanted islets, and immune rejection of islets. Additionally, we discuss possible solutions for these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Khosravi-Maharlooei
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Hajizadeh-Saffar
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
| | - Yaser Tahamtani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
| | - Mohsen Basiri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
| | - Leila Montazeri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
| | - Keynoosh Khalooghi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi Ashtiani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
| | - Ali Farrokhi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
| | - Anavasadat Sadr Hashemi Nejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Bagher Larijani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
| | - Nico De Leu
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
| | - Harry Heimberg
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
| | - Xunrong Luo
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
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24
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Vaithilingam V, Evans MDM, Rowe A, Bean PA, Tuch BE. Coencapsulation of Target Effector Cells With Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduces Pericapsular Fibrosis and Improves Graft Survival in a Xenotransplanted Animal Model. Cell Transplant 2015; 25:1299-317. [PMID: 26351069 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x688975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pericapsular fibrotic overgrowth (PFO) is a problem that thwarts full implementation of cellular replacement therapies involving encapsulation in an immunoprotective material, such as for the treatment of diabetes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have inherent anti-inflammatory properties. We postulated that coencapsulation of MSCs with the target cells would reduce PFO. A hepatoinsulinoma cell line (HUH7) was used to model human target cells and was coencapsulated with either human or mouse MSCs at different ratios in alginate microcapsules. Viability of encapsulated cells was assessed in vitro and xenografted either intraperitoneally or subcutaneously into C57BL/6 mice. Graft retrieval was performed at 3 weeks posttransplantation and assessed for PFO. Coencapsulation of human MSCs (hMSCs) or mouse MSCs (mMSCs) with HUH7 at different ratios did not alter cell viability in vitro. In vivo data from intraperitoneal infusions showed that PFO for HUH7 cells coencapsulated with hMSCs and mMSCs in a ratio of 1:1 was significantly reduced by ∼30% and ∼35%, respectively, compared to HUH7 encapsulated alone. PFO for HUH7 cells was reduced by ∼51% when the ratio of mMSC/HUH7 was increased to 2:1. Implanting the microcapsules subcutaneously rather than intraperitoneally substantially reduced PFO in all treatment groups, which was most significant in the mMSC/HUH7 2:1 group with a ∼53% reduction in PFO compared with HUH7 alone. Despite the reduced PFO reaction to the individual microcapsules implanted subcutaneously, all microcapsule treatment groups were contained in a vascularized fibrotic pouch at 3 weeks. The presence of MSCs in microcapsules retrieved from these fibrotic pouches improved graft survival with significantly higher cell viabilities of 83.1 ± 0.6% and 79.1 ± 0.8% seen with microcapsules containing mMSC/HUH7 at 2:1 and 1:1 ratios, respectively, compared to HUH7 alone (51.5 ± 0.7%) transplanted subcutaneously. This study showed that coencapsulation of MSCs with target cells has a dose-dependent effect on reducing PFO and improving graft survival when implanted either intraperitoneally or subcutaneously in a stringent xenotransplantation setting.
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25
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Sivanathan KN, Rojas-Canales DM, Hope CM, Krishnan R, Carroll RP, Gronthos S, Grey ST, Coates PT. Interleukin-17A-Induced Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Are Superior Modulators of Immunological Function. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2850-63. [PMID: 26037953 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-preactivated mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-γ) are highly immunosuppressive but immunogenic in vivo due to their inherent expression of major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules. Here, we present an improved approach where we modified human bone marrow-derived MSC with interleukin-17A (MSC-17) to enhance T cell immunosuppression but not their immunogenicity. MSC-17, unlike MSC-γ, showed no induction or upregulation of MHC class I, MHC class II, and T cell costimulatory molecule CD40, but maintained normal MSC morphology and phenotypic marker expression. When cocultured with phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-activated human T cells, MSCs-17 were potent suppressors of T cell proliferation. Furthermore, MSC-17 inhibited surface CD25 expression and suppressed the elaboration of Th1 cytokines, IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-2 when compared with untreated MSCs (UT-MSCs). T cell suppression by MSC-17 correlated with increased IL-6 but not with indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1, cyclooxygenase 1, and transforming growth factor β-1. MSC-17 but not MSC-γ consistently induced CD4(+) CD25(high) CD127(low) FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells (iTregs) from PHA-activated CD4(+) CD25(-) T cells. MSC-induced iTregs expressed CD39, CD73, CD69, OX40, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), and glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR). These suppressive MSCs-17 can engender Tregs to potently suppress T cell activation with minimal immunogenicity and thus represent a superior T cell immunomodulator for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisha Nandini Sivanathan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Centre for Stem Cell Research and Robinson Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Darling M Rojas-Canales
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher M Hope
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ravi Krishnan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert P Carroll
- Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Central Northern Adelaide Renal Transplantation Service, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Centre for Stem Cell Research and Robinson Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Mesenchymal Stem Cell Group Laboratory, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shane T Grey
- Transplant Immunology Group, Garvin Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patrick T Coates
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Centre for Stem Cell Research and Robinson Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Central Northern Adelaide Renal Transplantation Service, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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26
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Cheng PP, Liu XC, Ma PF, Gao C, Li JL, Lin YY, Shao W, Han S, Zhao B, Wang LM, Fu JZ, Meng LX, Li Q, Lian QZ, Xia JJ, Qi ZQ. iPSC-MSCs Combined with Low-Dose Rapamycin Induced Islet Allograft Tolerance Through Suppressing Th1 and Enhancing Regulatory T-Cell Differentiation. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1793-804. [PMID: 25867817 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation is dramatically reduced after long-term in vitro culture, which limits their application. MSCs derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs-MSCs) represent a novel source of MSCs. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of iPSC-MSCs on diabetic mice. Streptozocin-induced diabetic mice transplanted with 400 islets alone or with 1×10(6) iPSC-MSCs were examined following rapamycin injection (0.1 mg/kg/day, i.p., from days 0 to 9) after transplantation. Our results showed that iPSC-MSCs combined with rapamycin significantly prolonged islet allograft survival in the diabetic mice; 50% of recipients exhibited long-term survival (>100 days). Histopathological analysis revealed that iPSC-MSCs combined with rapamycin preserved the graft effectively, inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration, and resulted in substantial release of insulin. Flow cytometry results showed that the proportion of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was significantly reduced, and the number of T regulatory cells increased in the spleen and lymph nodes in the iPSC-MSCs combined with the rapamycin group compared with the rapamycin-alone group. Production of the Th1 proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-γ was reduced, and secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β was enhanced compared with the rapamycin group, as determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Transwell separation significantly weakened the immunosuppressive effects of iPSC-MSCs on the proliferation of Con A-treated splenic T cells, which indicated that the combined treatment exerted immunosuppressive effects through cell-cell contact and regulation of cytokine production. Taken together, these findings highlight the potential application of iPSC-MSCs in islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Cheng
- 1 Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen University , Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China .,2 Qingdao Municipal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Qingdao City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Cun Liu
- 1 Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen University , Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Ma
- 3 State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai City, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Gao
- 1 Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen University , Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Li Li
- 1 Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen University , Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Ying Lin
- 1 Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen University , Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shao
- 4 The Affiliated Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University , Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Han
- 4 The Affiliated Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University , Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhao
- 1 Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen University , Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Min Wang
- 1 Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen University , Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Zhao Fu
- 1 Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen University , Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Xi Meng
- 5 The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University , Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People's of Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- 1 Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen University , Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Zhou Lian
- 6 Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jie Xia
- 1 Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen University , Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Quan Qi
- 1 Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen University , Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
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27
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Sivanathan KN, Gronthos S, Rojas-Canales D, Thierry B, Coates PT. Interferon-gamma modification of mesenchymal stem cells: implications of autologous and allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell therapy in allotransplantation. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 10:351-75. [PMID: 24510581 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have unique immunomodulatory and reparative properties beneficial for allotransplantation cellular therapy. The clinical administration of autologous or allogeneic MSC with immunosuppressive drugs is able to prevent and treat allograft rejection in kidney transplant recipients, thus supporting the immunomodulatory role of MSC. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is known to enhance the immunosuppressive properties of MSC. IFN-γ preactivated MSC (MSC-γ) directly or indirectly modulates T cell responses by enhancing or inducing MSC inhibitory factors. These factors are known to downregulate T cell activation, enhance T cell negative signalling, alter T cells from a proinflammatory to an anti-inflammatory phenotype, interact with antigen-presenting cells and increase or induce regulatory cells. Highly immunosuppressive MSC-γ with increased migratory and reparative capacities may aid tissue repair, prolong allograft survival and induce allotransplant tolerance in experimental models. Nevertheless, there are contradictory in vivo observations related to allogeneic MSC-γ therapy. Many studies report that allogeneic MSC are immunogenic due to their inherent expression of major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules. Enhanced expression of MHC in allogeneic MSC-γ may increase their immunogenicity and this can negatively impact allograft survival. Therefore, strategies to reduce MSC-γ immunogenicity would facilitate "off-the-shelf" MSC therapy to efficiently inhibit alloimmune rejection and promote tissue repair in allotransplantation. In this review, we examine the potential benefits of MSC therapy in the context of allotransplantation. We also discuss the use of autologous and allogeneic MSC and the issues associated with their immunogenicity in vivo, with particular focus on the use of enhanced MSC-γ cellular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisha Nandini Sivanathan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, South Australia, Australia,
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28
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Lett B, Sivanathan KN, Coates PT. Mesenchymal stem cells for kidney transplantation. World J Clin Urol 2014; 3:87-95. [DOI: 10.5410/wjcu.v3.i2.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The long term consequence of immunosuppressive therapy in kidney transplantation has prompted investigation of alternative means to modify the immune response to the allograft. Cell based therapies are potentially attractive as they may provide a long lasting immunomodulatory effect, may repair tissues and reduce the necessity to take immunosuppressive drug therapy. Of the current cell therapies, mesenchymal stem cells have now been trialled in small numbers of human kidney transplantation with apparent safety and potential efficacy. Many issues however need to be resolved before these cells will become mainstays of transplant immunosuppression including ex vivo modification to enhance immunomodulatory properties, cell number, route and frequency of administration as well as cellular source of origin.
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29
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Figliuzzi M, Bonandrini B, Silvani S, Remuzzi A. Mesenchymal stem cells help pancreatic islet transplantation to control type 1 diabetes. World J Stem Cells 2014; 6:163-172. [PMID: 24772243 PMCID: PMC3999774 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v6.i2.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Islet cell transplantation has therapeutic potential to treat type 1 diabetes, which is characterized by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic islet β cells. It represents a minimal invasive approach for β cell replacement, but long-term blood control is still largely unachievable. This phenomenon can be attributed to the lack of islet vasculature and hypoxic environment in the immediate post-transplantation period that contributes to the acute loss of islets by ischemia. Moreover, graft failures continue to occur because of immunological rejection, despite the use of potent immunosuppressive agents. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to enhance islet transplantation by suppressing inflammatory damage and immune mediated rejection. In this review we discuss the impact of MSCs on islet transplantation and focus on the potential role of MSCs in protecting islet grafts from early graft failure and from autoimmune attack.
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30
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Quaranta P, Antonini S, Spiga S, Mazzanti B, Curcio M, Mulas G, Diana M, Marzola P, Mosca F, Longoni B. Co-transplantation of endothelial progenitor cells and pancreatic islets to induce long-lasting normoglycemia in streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94783. [PMID: 24733186 PMCID: PMC3986409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft vascularization is a crucial step to obtain stable normoglycemia in pancreatic islet transplantation. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to neoangiogenesis and to the revascularization process during ischaemic events and play a key role in the response to pancreatic islet injury. In this work we co-transplanted EPCs and islets in the portal vein of chemically-induced diabetic rats to restore islet vascularization and to improve graft survival. Syngenic islets were transplanted, either alone or with EPCs derived from green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic rats, into the portal vein of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Blood glucose levels were monitored and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests were performed. Real time-PCR was carried out to evaluate the gene expression of angiogenic factors. Diabetic-induced rats showed long-lasting (6 months) normoglycemia upon co-transplantation of syngenic islets and EPCs. After 3–5 days from transplantation, hyperglycaemic levels dropped to normal values and lasted unmodified as long as they were checked. Further, glucose tolerance tests revealed the animals' ability to produce insulin on-demand as indexed by a prompt response in blood glucose clearance. Graft neovascularization was evaluated by immunohistochemistry: for the first time the measure of endothelial thickness revealed a donor-EPC-related neovascularization supporting viable islets up to six months after transplant. Our results highlight the importance of a newly formed viable vascular network together with pancreatic islets to provide de novo adequate supply in order to obtain enduring normoglycemia and prevent diabetes-related long-term health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Quaranta
- Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Antonini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Saturnino Spiga
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mazzanti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Haematology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Michele Curcio
- U.O. Immunohaematology, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mulas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Diana
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, “G. Minardi” Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Pasquina Marzola
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Franco Mosca
- Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Longoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
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31
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Rackham CL, Dhadda PK, Le Lay AM, King AJF, Jones PM. Preculturing Islets With Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Is an Effective Strategy for Improving Transplantation Efficiency at the Clinically Preferred Intraportal Site. CELL MEDICINE 2014; 7:37-47. [PMID: 26858891 DOI: 10.3727/215517914x680047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that preculturing islets with kidney-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) improves transplantation outcome in streptozotocin-diabetic mice implanted with a minimal mass of islets beneath the kidney capsule. In the present study, we have extended our previous observations to investigate whether preculturing islets with MSCs can also be used to enhance islet function at the clinically used intraportal site. We have used MSCs derived from adipose tissue, which are more readily accessible than alternative sources in human subjects and can be expanded to clinically efficacious numbers, to preculture islets throughout this study. The in vivo efficacy of grafts consisting of islets precultured alone or with MSCs was tested using a syngeneic streptozotocin-diabetic minimal islet mass model at the clinically relevant intraportal site. Blood glucose concentrations were monitored for 1 month. The vascularization of islets precultured alone or with MSCs was investigated both in vitro and in vivo, using immunohistochemistry. Islet insulin content was measured by radioimmunoassay. The effect of preculturing islets with MSCs on islet function in vitro was investigated using static incubation assays. There was no beneficial angiogenic influence of MSC preculture, as demonstrated by the comparable vascularization of islets precultured alone or with MSCs, both in vitro after 3 days and in vivo 1 month after islet transplantation. However, the in vitro insulin secretory capacity of MSC precultured islets was superior to that of islets precultured alone. In vivo, this was associated with improved glycemia at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days posttransplantation, in recipients of MSC precultured islets compared to islets precultured alone. The area of individual islets within the graft-bearing liver was significantly higher in recipients of MSC precultured islets compared to islets precultured alone. Our experimental studies suggest that preculturing islets with MSCs represents a favorable strategy for improving the efficiency of clinical islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe L Rackham
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Paramjeet K Dhadda
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Aurélie M Le Lay
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Aileen J F King
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Peter M Jones
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London , UK
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Abstract
Cell therapy has enormous potential for the treatment of conditions of unmet medical need. Cell therapy may be applied to diabetes mellitus in the context of beta cell replacement or for the treatment of diabetic complications. A large number of cell types including hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord blood, conditioned lymphocytes, mononuclear cells, or a combination of these cells have been shown to be safe and feasible for the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus. The first part of this review article will focus on the current perspective of the role of embryonic stem cells and inducible pluripotent stem cells for beta cell replacement and the current clinical data on cell-based therapy for the restoration of normoglycemia. The second part of this review will highlight the therapeutic role of MSCs in islet cells cotransplantation and the management of diabetes related vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Liew
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science (NCBES), National University Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
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Kerby A, Jones ES, Jones PM, King AJ. Co-transplantation of islets with mesenchymal stem cells in microcapsules demonstrates graft outcome can be improved in an isolated-graft model of islet transplantation in mice. Cytotherapy 2013; 15:192-200. [PMID: 23321331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Co-transplantation of islets with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been shown to improve graft outcome in mice, which has been partially attributed to the effects of MSCs on revascularization and preservation of islet morphology. Microencapsulation of islets provides an isolated-graft model of islet transplantation that is non-vascularized and prevents islet aggregation to preserve islet morphology. The aim of this study was to investigate whether MSCs could improve graft outcome in a microencapsulated/isolated-graft model of islet transplantation. METHODS Mouse islets and kidney MSCs were co-encapsulated in alginate, and their function was assessed in vitro. A minimal mass of 350 syngeneic islets encapsulated alone or co-encapsulated with MSCs (islet+MSC) were transplanted intraperitoneally into diabetic mice, and blood glucose concentrations were monitored. Capsules were recovered 6 weeks after transplantation, and islet function was assessed. RESULTS Islets co-encapsulated with MSCs in vitro had increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and content. The average blood glucose concentration of transplanted mice was significantly lower by 3 weeks in the islet+MSC group. By week 6, 71% of the co-encapsulated group were cured compared with 16% of the islet-alone group. Capsules recovered at 6 weeks had greater glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and insulin content in the islet+MSC group. CONCLUSIONS MSCs improved the efficacy of microencapsulated islet transplantation. Using an isolated-graft model, we were able to eliminate the impact of MSC-mediated enhancement of revascularization and preservation of islet morphology and demonstrate that the improvement in insulin secretion and content is sustained in vivo and can significantly improve graft outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Kerby
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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34
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Zhang Y, Zhao D, Tian C, Li F, Li X, Zhang L, Yang H. Stro-1-positive human mesenchymal stem cells prolong skin graft survival in mice. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:726-9. [PMID: 23498813 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and its stromal cell antigen 1 Stro-1 positive (Stro-1(+)) subgroup possess immunosuppressive properties. Our objective was to evaluate the in vivo inhibitory effect of MSCs and the Stro-1 subset. METHODS Isolated human MSCs from bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells of healthy adults, and Stro-1(+) cells were cultured before sorting. Female C57BL/6 mice and female BALB/c mice were used as donors and recipients in an allogeneic skin graft model, respectively. The recipients were divided randomly into 4 groups: (1) The Stro-1(+) MSCs group received 2 × 10(6) Stro-1(+) MSCs injected into irradiated recipients before skin grafting. (2) The MSC group (2 × 10(6)) injected into the irradiated recipient mice before skin grafting. (3) The irradiated control group just irradiated before skin grafting. (4) The syngenic control group included irradiated BALB/c mice that received skin from syngenic mice. The main data included skin graft survival times, histologic changes on hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and plasma transforming growth factor (TGF)-β concentrations in recipients measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before and after transplantation. RESULTS The skin graft survival time in the MSCs group (12.13 ± 3.34 days) was not significantly prolonged versus the irradiated controls (11.38 ± 1.01 days), but it was notably prolonged among the Stro-1(+) MSCs group (30.68 ± 5.89 days) compared with the irradiated control and the MSCs groups, respectively. The histology of skin grafts among the stro-1(+) group showed a clear structure. After grafting, plasma TGF-β concentrations were almost the same as before transplantation among the irradiated and the syngenic controls but significantly increased in the MSCs and Stro-1(+) MSCs groups. CONCLUSIONS Stro-1(+) MSCs induced greater prolongation of skin grafts in mice than unsorted MSCs; however, TGF-β expression did not contribute to this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Tianjin, China.
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35
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Pre-culturing islets with mesenchymal stromal cells using a direct contact configuration is beneficial for transplantation outcome in diabetic mice. Cytotherapy 2013; 15:449-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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36
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Maintenance of islet morphology is beneficial for transplantation outcome in diabetic mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57844. [PMID: 23451276 PMCID: PMC3581500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that co-transplantation of islets and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) improves islet graft function and revascularisation, which was associated with the maintenance of normal islet morphology. The aim of the current study was to determine whether maintaining islet morphology in the absence of additional islet-helper cells would improve transplantation outcome in diabetic mice. Islets were isolated from C57BL/6 mice. Recipient streptozotocin-diabetic C57BL/6 mice were transplanted with a minimal mass of 150 islets as a single pellet or islets that were either manually dispersed or dispersed within a matrigel plug beneath the kidney capsule. Blood glucose concentrations were monitored for one month. Islet graft morphology and vascularisation were analysed by histology. Islets dispersed either alone or within matrigel plugs maintained near normal morphology, in contrast to pelleted islets, where individual islets fused to form large endocrine aggregates. The vascularisation of manually dispersed islets and islets dispersed within matrigel plugs was increased relative to respective control pelleted islet grafts. After one month 1/6 mice transplanted with pelleted islets cured compared to 5/6 mice transplanted with manually dispersed islets. The curative capacity of islets dispersed in matrigel was also better than that of pelleted islets (5/8 islet-matrigel implanted mice vs. 1/7 mice transplanted with pelleted islets cured by one month). Therefore, this study demonstrates that the maintenance of islet morphology is associated with improved graft function and revascularisation in diabetic mice.
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Mesenchymal stromal cells as a means of controlling pathological T-cell responses in allogeneic islet transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2013; 18:59-64. [DOI: 10.1097/mot.0b013e32835c2adf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Peng Y, Huang S, Cheng B, Nie X, Enhe J, Feng C, Fu X. Mesenchymal stem cells: a revolution in therapeutic strategies of age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:103-15. [PMID: 22569401 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The great evolutionary biologist Theodosius Dobzhansky once said: "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution". Aging is a complex biological phenomenon and the factors governing the process of aging and age-related diseases are only beginning to be understood, oxidative stress, telomere shortening in DNA components and genetic changes were shown to be the mainly regulating mechanisms during the recent decades. Although a considerable amount of both animal and clinical data that demonstrate the extensive and safe use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is available, the precise summarization and identification of MSCs in age-related diseases remains a challenge. Along this line, this review discussed several typical age-related diseases for which MSCs have been proved to confer protection and put forward a hypothesis for the association among MSCs and age-related diseases from an evolutionary perspective. Above all, we hope further and more research efforts could be aroused to elucidate the role and mechanisms that MSCs involved in the age-related diseases.
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells which have self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential into several mesenchymal lineages including bones, cartilages, adipose tissues and tendons. MSCs may repair tissue injuries and prevent immune cell activation and proliferation. Immunomodulation and secretion of growth factors by MSCs have led to realizing the true potential of MSC-based cell therapy. The use of MSCs as immunomodulators has been explored in cell/organ transplant, tissue repair, autoimmune diseases, and prevention of graft vs host disease (GVHD). This review focuses on the clinical applications of MSC-based cell therapy, with particular emphasis on islet transplantation for treating type I diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Mundra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38103, United States
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40
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Stem cells as a tool to improve outcomes of islet transplantation. J Transplant 2012; 2012:736491. [PMID: 22970344 PMCID: PMC3437295 DOI: 10.1155/2012/736491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The publication of the promising results of the Edmonton protocol in 2000 generated optimism for islet transplantation as a potential cure for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Unfortunately, follow-up data revealed that less than 10% of patients achieved long-term insulin independence. More recent data from other large trials like the Collaborative Islet Transplant Registry show incremental improvement with 44% of islet transplant recipients maintaining insulin independence at three years of follow-up. Multiple underlying issues have been identified that contribute to islet graft failure, and newer research has attempted to address these problems. Stem cells have been utilized not only as a functional replacement for β cells, but also as companion or supportive cells to address a variety of different obstacles that prevent ideal graft viability and function. In this paper, we outline the manners in which stem cells have been applied to address barriers to the achievement of long-term insulin independence following islet transplantation.
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41
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Pietilä M, Lehtonen S, Tuovinen E, Lähteenmäki K, Laitinen S, Leskelä HV, Nätynki A, Pesälä J, Nordström K, Lehenkari P. CD200 positive human mesenchymal stem cells suppress TNF-alpha secretion from CD200 receptor positive macrophage-like cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31671. [PMID: 22363701 PMCID: PMC3282758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) display immunosuppressive properties in vitro and the potential has also been transferred successfully to clinical trials for treatment of autoimmune diseases. OX-2 (CD200), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is widely expressed in several tissues and has recently been found from hMSCs. The CD200 receptor (CD200R) occurs only in myeloid-lineage cells. The CD200-CD200R is involved in down-regulation of several immune cells, especially macrophages. The present study on 20 hMSC lines shows that the CD200 expression pattern varied from high (CD200Hi) to medium (CD200Me) and low (CD200Lo) in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC) lines, whereas umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCBMSCs) were constantly negative for CD200. The role of the CD200-CD200R axis in BMMSCs mediated immunosuppression was studied using THP-1 human macrophages. Interestingly, hMSCs showed greater inhibition of TNF-α secretion in co-cultures with IFN-γ primed THP-1 macrophages when compared to LPS activated cells. The ability of CD200Hi BMMSCs to suppress TNF-α secretion from IFN-γ stimulated THP-1 macrophages was significantly greater when compared to CD200Lo whereas UCBMSCs did not significantly reduce TNF-α secretion. The interference of CD200 binding to the CD200R by anti-CD200 antibody weakened the capability of BMMSCs to inhibit TNF-α secretion from IFN-γ activated THP-1 macrophages. This study clearly demonstrated that the efficiency of BMMSCs to suppress TNF-α secretion of THP-1 macrophages was dependent on the type of stimulus. Moreover, the CD200-CD200r axis could have a previously unidentified role in the BMMSC mediated immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Pietilä
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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42
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Chhabra P, Brayman KL. Current status of immunomodulatory and cellular therapies in preclinical and clinical islet transplantation. J Transplant 2011; 2011:637692. [PMID: 22046502 PMCID: PMC3199196 DOI: 10.1155/2011/637692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical islet transplantation is a β-cell replacement strategy that represents a possible definitive intervention for patients with type 1 diabetes, offering substantial benefits in terms of lowering daily insulin requirements and reducing incidences of debilitating hypoglycemic episodes and unawareness. Despite impressive advances in this field, a limiting supply of islets, inadequate means for preventing islet rejection, and the deleterious diabetogenic and nephrotoxic side effects associated with chronic immunosuppressive therapy preclude its wide-spread applicability. Islet transplantation however allows a window of opportunity for attempting various therapeutic manipulations of islets prior to transplantation aimed at achieving superior transplant outcomes. In this paper, we will focus on the current status of various immunosuppressive and cellular therapies that promote graft function and survival in preclinical and clinical islet transplantation with special emphasis on the tolerance-inducing capacity of regulatory T cells as well as the β-cells regenerative capacity of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Chhabra
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kenneth L. Brayman
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- The Center for Cellular Transplantation and Therapeutics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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43
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Jahansouz C, Jahansouz C, Kumer SC, Brayman KL. Evolution of β-Cell Replacement Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus: Islet Cell Transplantation. J Transplant 2011; 2011:247959. [PMID: 22013505 PMCID: PMC3195999 DOI: 10.1155/2011/247959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 23.6 million people in the United States are affected. Of these individuals, 5 to 10% have been diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), an autoimmune disease. Although it often appears in childhood, T1DM may manifest at any age, leading to significant morbidity and decreased quality of life. Since the 1960s, the surgical treatment for diabetes mellitus has evolved to become a viable alternative to insulin administration, beginning with pancreatic transplantation. While islet cell transplantation has emerged as another potential alternative, its role in the treatment of T1DM remains to be solidified as research continues to establish it as a truly viable alternative for achieving insulin independence. In this paper, the historical evolution, procurement, current status, benefits, risks, and ongoing research of islet cell transplantation are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Jahansouz
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22102, USA
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44
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Busch SA, van Crutchen STJ, Deans RJ, Ting AE. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as a Therapeutic Strategy to Support Islet Transplantation in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. CELL MEDICINE 2011; 2:43-53. [PMID: 26998401 PMCID: PMC4789326 DOI: 10.3727/215517911x593100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder that leads to destruction of pancreatic β islet cells and is a growing global health issue. While insulin replacement remains the standard therapy for type 1 diabetes, exogenous insulin does not mimic the physiology of insulin secretion. Transplantation of pancreatic islets has the potential to cure this disease; however, there are several major limitations to widespread implementation of islet transplants. The use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the treatment of type 1 diabetes has been investigated as an adjunct therapy during islet graft administration to prevent initial islet loss and promote engraftment and revascularization of islets. In this review we will discuss the results of recent MSC studies in animal models of diabetes with a focus on islet transplantation and explore the potential for these findings to be extended to clinical use for the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Busch
- Athersys, Inc., Department of Regenerative Medicine , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | | | - Robert J Deans
- Athersys, Inc., Department of Regenerative Medicine , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - Anthony E Ting
- Athersys, Inc., Department of Regenerative Medicine , Cleveland, OH , USA
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45
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Anzalone R, Lo Iacono M, Loria T, Di Stefano A, Giannuzzi P, Farina F, La Rocca G. Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells as candidates for beta cells regeneration: extending the differentiative and immunomodulatory benefits of adult mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2011; 7:342-63. [PMID: 20972649 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-010-9196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are uniquely capable of crossing germinative layers borders (i.e. are able to differentiate towards ectoderm-, mesoderm- and endoderm-derived cytotypes) and are viewed as promising cells for regenerative medicine approaches in several diseases. Type I diabetes therapy should potentially benefit from such differentiated cells: the search for alternatives to organ/islet transplantation strategies via stem cells differentiation is an ongoing task, significant goals having been achieved in most experimental settings (e.g. insulin production and euglycaemia restoration), though caution is still needed to ensure safe and durable effects in vivo. MSC are obtainable in high numbers via ex vivo culture and can be differentiated towards insulin-producing cells (IPC). Moreover, recent reports evidenced that MSC possess immunomodulatory activities (acting on both innate and acquired immunity effectors) which should result in a reduction of the immunogenicity of transplanted cells, thus limiting rejection. Moreover it has been proposed that MSC administration should be used to attenuate the autoimmune processes which lead to the destruction of beta cells. This review illustrates the recent advances made in differentiating human MSC to IPC. In particular, we compare the effectiveness of the differentiation protocols applied, the markers and functional assays used to characterize differentiated progeny, and the in vivo controls. We further speculate on how MSC derived from Wharton's jelly of human umbilical cord may represent a more promising regenerative medicine tool, as recently demonstrated for endoderm-derived organs (as liver) in human subjects, also considering their peculiar immunomodulatory features compared to other MSC populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Anzalone
- Sezione di Anatomia Umana, Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, Palermo, PA 90127, Italy
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Patel SA, Rameshwar P. Stem Cell Transplantation for Hematological Malignancies: Prospects for Personalized Medicine and Co-therapy with Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 9:229-239. [PMID: 21892378 DOI: 10.2174/187569211796957548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow transplantation is a form of cell therapy that has been in practice for decades for the treatment of hematological disorders and solid tumors. Immunosuppressive therapy has been a mainstay for treatment, but the severity of the adverse effects has made it an undesirable choice. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which reside in the vascular regions of the bone marrow, have been shown to serve as cellular support for the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche. Furthermore, the immune suppressive properties of MSCs have been explored in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Thus, co-therapy with MSCs has been shown to facilitate engraftment of hematopoietic cells by suppressive graft versus host disease (GvHD). Although the mechanism by which MSCs suppress GvHD is unclear, the experimental evidence suggests that this partly occurs by modulation of immune response such as the induction of regulatory T cells. This paper discusses the role of MSCs as co-therapy for the future of stem cell transplantation, with the overarching theme of personalized medicine for cell-based health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam A Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
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47
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Grapensparr L, Olerud J, Vasylovska S, Carlsson PO. The therapeutic role of endothelial progenitor cells in Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Regen Med 2011; 6:599-605. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.11.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells sense and adjust the blood glucose level by secretion of insulin. In Type 1 diabetes mellitus, these insulin-producing cells are destroyed, leaving the patients incapable of regulating blood glucose homeostasis. At the time of diagnosis, most patients still have 20–30% of their original β-cell mass remaining. These residual β-cells are targets for intervention therapies aimed at preventing further autoimmune destruction, in addition to increasing the number of existing β-cells. Such a therapeutic option is highly desirable since it may lead to a full recovery of newly diagnosed patients, with no need for further treatment with immunosuppressant drugs or exogenous insulin administration. In this article, we propose that endothelial progenitor cells, a cell type known to promote and support neovascularization following endothelial injury, may be used as part of a combinational stem cell therapy aimed to improve the vascularization, survival and proliferation of β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Grapensparr
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Olerud
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Svitlana Vasylovska
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per-Ola Carlsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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48
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Wu H, Lu W, Mahato RI. Mesenchymal stem cells as a gene delivery vehicle for successful islet transplantation. Pharm Res 2011; 28:2098-109. [PMID: 21499838 PMCID: PMC3152657 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) as gene delivery vehicles to simultaneously express human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) to improve the outcome of islet transplantation. METHODS Morphology and islet-binding affinity of hBMSCs were checked by microscope. The expression of target genes and endogenous genes was determined by ELISA. Protection of islets by hBMSCs was evaluated in vitro by Calcein-AM/Propidium Iodide staining and in vivo by allogeneic islet transplantation study. Function and revascularization of islets was evaluated by immune fluorescence study. RESULTS Non-donor-specific hBMSCs showed strong binding affinity to human islets and protected viability and function. Transduction of hBMSCs with adenovirus encoding human HGF and human IL-1Ra (Adv-hHGF-hIL-1Ra) prior to co-culturing with islets further protected from apoptotic cell death, helped maintain 3D structures and morphology, and enhanced insulin secretion. Transplantation of human islets reconstituted with Adv-hHGF-hIL-1Ra transduced hBMSCs under the kidney capsule of streptozotocin-induced diabetic non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD-SCID) mice reversed diabetes by reducing blood glucose levels to ≤ 200 mg/dL for up to 15 weeks and reduced the number of islets required to achieving normoglycemia. Blood glucose levels of mice transplanted with islets alone reversed to ≥ 500 mg/dL 4 weeks post-transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Results indentified hBMSCs as effective gene delivery vehicles to improve the outcome of islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 S. Manassas, RM 224, Memphis, Tennessee 38103-3308, USA
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Wu H, Ye Z, Mahato RI. Genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells for improved islet transplantation. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1458-70. [PMID: 21707070 DOI: 10.1021/mp200135e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of adult stem cells for therapeutic purposes has met with great success in recent years. Among several types of adult stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow (BM) and other sources have gained popularity for basic research and clinical applications because of their therapeutic potential in treating a variety of diseases. Because of their tissue regeneration potential and immune modulation effect, MSCs were recently used as cell-based therapy to promote revascularization, increase pancreatic β-cell proliferation, and avoid allograft rejection in islet transplantation. Taking advantage of the recent progress in gene therapy, genetically modified MSCs can further enhance and expand the therapeutic benefit of primary MSCs while retaining their stem-cell-like properties. This review aims to gain a thorough understanding of the current obstacles to successful islet transplantation and discusses the potential role of primary MSCs before or after genetic modification in islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
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50
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Sordi V, Piemonti L. Therapeutic plasticity of stem cells and allograft tolerance. Cytotherapy 2011; 13:647-60. [PMID: 21554176 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2011.583476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation is the treatment of choice for many diseases that result in organ failure, but its success is limited by organ rejection. Stem cell therapy has emerged in the last years as a promising strategy for the induction of tolerance after organ transplantation. Here we discuss the ability of different stem cell types, in particular mesenchymal stromal cells, neuronal stem/progenitor cells, hematopoietic stem cells and embryonic stem cells, to modulate the immune response and induce peripheral or central tolerance. These stem cells have been studied to explore tolerance induction to several transplanted organs, such as heart, liver and kidney. Different strategies, including approaches to generating tolerance in islet transplantation, are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Sordi
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute (HSR-DRI), Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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