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Ko MK, Kim HW, Park SH, Park JH, Kim SM, Lee MJ. The role of zinc sulfate in enhancing cellular and humoral immune responses to foot-and-mouth disease vaccine. Virus Res 2023; 335:199189. [PMID: 37536380 PMCID: PMC10432855 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a rapidly propagating infectious disease of cloven-hoofed animals, especially cattle and pigs, affecting the productivity and profitability of the livestock industry. Presently, FMD is controlled and prevented using vaccines; however, conventional FMD vaccines have several disadvantages, including short vaccine efficacy, low antibody titers, and safety issues in pigs, indicating the need for further studies. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of a novel bivalent vaccine containing zinc sulfate as an immunostimulant and FMD type O and A antigens (O PA2 and A YC, respectively) against FMD virus in mice and pigs. Zinc sulfate induced cellular immunity in murine peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) and porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by increasing IFNγ secretion. Additionally, FMD vaccine containing O PA2 and A YC antigens and zinc sulfate induced early, mid-, and long-term immune responses in mice and pigs, and enhanced cellular and humoral immunity by regulating the expression of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), transcription factors, co-stimulatory molecules, and cytokines in porcine PBMCs from vaccinated pigs. Overall, these results indicated that the novel immunostimulant zinc sulfate induced potent cellular and humoral immune responses by stimulating antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T and B cells, and enhanced long-term immunity by promoting the expression of co-stimulatory molecules. These outcomes suggest that zinc sulfate could be used as a novel vaccine immunostimulant for difficult-to-control viral diseases, such as African swine fever (ASF) or COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyeong Ko
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Won Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hui Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Mi Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ja Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Šarić A, Despotović I. Hydrogen Bonds as Stability-Controlling Elements of Spherical Aggregates of ZnO Nanoparticles: A Joint Experimental and Theoretical Approach. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4843. [PMID: 37445157 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of various organic additives, such as diethanolamine (DEA) and ethanolamine (EA), and variations in aging times on the formation and stability mechanisms of spherical aggregates of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) prepared by using solvothermal synthesis were studied. The experimental results of the structural, morphological and optical properties monitored by using X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy were supported by quantum chemical calculations at the level of density functional theory (DFT). Understanding the mechanism of spherical ZnO aggregate formation and its stability by mimicking the processes at the computer level was achieved through theoretical simulations of the ZnO surface/additive interactions using (ZnO)36-DEA and (ZnO)36-EA models. The fine-tuned spherical aggregation of ZnO nanoparticles was driven by various interactions, in particular, strong O-H∙∙∙O and weak N-H∙∙∙O hydrogen bonds as controlling interactions. The calculated negative free release energy, ∆G*INT, indicates that the ZnO surface/additive interaction in diethanolamine media is a spontaneous exergonic process (∆G*INT = -7.73 kcal mol-1), whereas, in ethanolamine media, it is an unfavorable, slightly endergonic process (∆G*INT > 0). The presence of two strong O-H∙∙∙O hydrogen bonds and, at the same time, a weaker N-H∙∙∙O hydrogen bond is the key factor for the very good and long-term aggregate stability of ZnO NPs in DEA media. This integrated experimental-theoretical study highlights the stability and compactness of spherical ZnO aggregates of ZnO NPs, prepared in the presence of diethanolamine compared to ethanolamine media, and provides a promising method and flexible design of ZnO nanomaterials to improve their adsorptive and optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankica Šarić
- Division of Materials Physics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Bijenička 54, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ines Despotović
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
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3
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Oral Zinc Supplementation in Chronically HEV-Infected Patients Not Responding to Ribavirin Monotherapy. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2023. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon-130865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: Chronic hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection may progress to end-stage liver disease in immunosuppressed individuals. Ribavirin therapy is efficient in most chronic HEV patients, but 10% remain without a sustained virological response (SVR). Objectives: We aimed to study whether zinc supplementation could represent a therapeutic approach in these patients. Methods: Antiviral properties of zinc salts were studied in vitro (subgenomic-replicon system), in vivo (rabbit model), and retrospectively in patients with chronic hepatitis E who did not achieve SVR under ribavirin monotherapy. Results: Zinc inhibited HEV genotype-3 replication in vitro. In a model of acute HEV infection in immunocompetent rabbits, zinc + ribavirin did not improve viral clearance compared to ribavirin monotherapy. In chronically HEV-infected patients not responding to ribavirin (n = 12), viral clearance was observed in 4/12 (33%) patients receiving additional zinc supplementation. Conclusions: Oral zinc, an inexpensive, harmless dietary supplement, could potentially represent a rescue treatment option for a few patients with chronic hepatitis E without SVR under ribavirin monotherapy. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of zinc in HEV further.
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4
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Sumaily KM. The Roles and Pathogenesis Mechanisms of a Number of Micronutrients in the Prevention and/or Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis, COVID-19 and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2022; 14:2632. [PMID: 35807813 PMCID: PMC9268086 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A trace element is a chemical element with a concentration (or other measures of an amount) that is very low. The essential TEs, such as copper (Cu), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and the electrolyte magnesium (Mg) are among the most commonly studied micronutrients. Each element has been shown to play a distinctive role in human health, and TEs, such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), are among the essential elements required for the organisms' well-being as they play crucial roles in several metabolic pathways where they act as enzyme co-factors, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents. Epidemics of infectious diseases are becoming more frequent and spread at a faster pace around the world, which has resulted in major impacts on the economy and health systems. Different trace elements have been reported to have substantial roles in the pathogenesis of viral infections. Micronutrients have been proposed in various studies as determinants of liver disorders, COVID-19 and T2DM risks. This review article sheds light on the roles and mechanisms of micronutrients in the pathogenesis and prevention of chronic hepatitis B, C and E, as well as Coronavirus-19 infection and type-2 diabetes mellitus. An update on the status of the aforementioned micronutrients in pre-clinical and clinical settings is also briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Sumaily
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 145111, Saudi Arabia
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Bakour M, Laaroussi H, Ousaaid D, El Ghouizi A, Es-safi I, Mechchate H, Lyoussi B. New Insights into Potential Beneficial Effects of Bioactive Compounds of Bee Products in Boosting Immunity to Fight COVID-19 Pandemic: Focus on Zinc and Polyphenols. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050942. [PMID: 35267917 PMCID: PMC8912813 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an epidemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Populations at risk as well as those who can develop serious complications are people with chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and the elderly. Severe symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection are associated with immune failure and dysfunction. The approach of strengthening immunity may be the right choice in order to save lives. This review aimed to provide an overview of current information revealing the importance of bee products in strengthening the immune system against COVID-19. We highlighted the immunomodulatory and the antiviral effects of zinc and polyphenols, which may actively contribute to improving symptoms and preventing complications caused by COVID-19 and can counteract viral infections. Thus, this review will pave the way for conducting advanced experimental research to evaluate zinc and polyphenols-rich bee products to prevent and reduce the severity of COVID-19 symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Bakour
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health, and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez 30000, Morocco; (M.B.); (H.L.); (D.O.); (A.E.G.); (B.L.)
| | - Hassan Laaroussi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health, and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez 30000, Morocco; (M.B.); (H.L.); (D.O.); (A.E.G.); (B.L.)
| | - Driss Ousaaid
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health, and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez 30000, Morocco; (M.B.); (H.L.); (D.O.); (A.E.G.); (B.L.)
| | - Asmae El Ghouizi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health, and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez 30000, Morocco; (M.B.); (H.L.); (D.O.); (A.E.G.); (B.L.)
| | - Imane Es-safi
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Hamza Mechchate
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Badiaa Lyoussi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health, and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez 30000, Morocco; (M.B.); (H.L.); (D.O.); (A.E.G.); (B.L.)
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6
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Šarić A, Vrankić M, Lützenkirchen-Hecht D, Despotović I, Petrović Ž, Dražić G, Eckelt F. Insight into the Growth Mechanism and Photocatalytic Behavior of Tubular Hierarchical ZnO Structures: An Integrated Experimental and Theoretical Approach. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:2962-2979. [PMID: 35104109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The hydrothermal synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) particles from zinc acetylacetonate monohydrate in "pure" aqueous solution and in aqueous NaOH solution at 90 °C is reported. The structural and morphological properties of ZnO particles were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The effect of NaOH on the growth mechanism and photocatalytic performance of hierarchical ZnO structures was investigated. The experimental findings, supported by results of quantum chemical calculations at the level of density functional theory, were used to propose the mechanism of nucleation and preferential growth of finely tuned hollow and nonhollow ZnO structures and their effects on the photocatalytic activity. The calculations indicate that the process of ZnO nucleation in "pure" aqueous solution mainly proceeds by the reaction of small monomers, while tetramers play a crucial role in aqueous NaOH solution. Both the preferred ZnO nanostructure and microstructure growth processes are driven by O-H···O hydrogen bonds as controlling elements. The calculated values of the EO···H interaction indicate a stronger interaction via O-H···O hydrogen bonds in "pure" aqueous media (EO···H = -11.73 kcal mol-1) compared to those obtained in aqueous NaOH solution (EO···H = -8.41 kcal mol-1). The specific structural motif of the (ZnO-H2O)12 dodecamers with calculated negative ΔG*INT free release energy indicates that the formation of anisotropic nanocrystalline ZnO with the c-axis as the primary growth direction is spontaneous and accelerated exclusively in "pure" aqueous solution, whereas it is an unfavorable endergonic process in aqueous NaOH solution (ΔG*INT > 0). Efforts have been made to determine the photocatalytic efficiency of the ZnO samples based on the XAS measurements. ZnO particles obtained in "pure" aqueous solution show the highest photocatalytic activity due to the presence of a larger amount of oxygen vacancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankica Šarić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Materials Physics, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Bijenička 54, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Vrankić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Materials Physics, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Bijenička 54, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ines Despotović
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željka Petrović
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Dražić
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Franz Eckelt
- Fk. 4, Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gauss-Straße 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
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7
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Sintusek P, Thanapirom K, Komolmit P, Poovorawan Y. Eliminating viral hepatitis in children after liver transplants: How to reach the goal by 2030. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:290-309. [PMID: 35110951 PMCID: PMC8771616 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i3.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis infections are a great burden in children who have received liver transplant. Hepatotropic viruses can cause liver inflammation that can develop into liver graft fibrosis and cirrhosis over the long term. Immunological reactions due to viral hepatitis infections are associated with or can mimic graft rejection, rendering the condition difficult to manage. Prevention strategies using vaccinations are agreeable to patients, safe, cost-effective and practical. Hence, strategies to eliminate viral hepatitis A and B focus mainly on immunization programmes for children who have received a liver transplant. Although a vaccine has been developed to prevent hepatitis C and E viruses, its use is not licensed worldwide. Consequently, eliminating hepatitis C and E viruses mainly involves early detection in children with suspected cases and effective treatment with antiviral therapy. Good hygiene and sanitation are also important to prevent hepatitis A and E infections. Donor blood products and liver grafts should be screened for hepatitis B, C and E in children who are undergoing liver transplantation. Future research on early detection of viral hepatitis infections should include molecular techniques for detecting hepatitis B and E. Moreover, novel antiviral drugs for eradicating viral hepatitis that are highly effective and safe are needed for children who have undergone liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palittiya Sintusek
- The Thai Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Immunology (TPGHAI) Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kessarin Thanapirom
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Liver Fibrosis and Cirrhosis Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Liver Diseases, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Piyawat Komolmit
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Liver Fibrosis and Cirrhosis Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Liver Diseases, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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8
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Singh YD, Ningthoujam R, Panda MK, Jena B, Babu PJ, Mishra AK. Insight from nanomaterials and nanotechnology towards COVID-19. SENSORS INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2:100099. [PMID: 34766056 PMCID: PMC8117484 DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2021.100099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) becomes one of the most dreadful disease in the history of mankind in the entire world. The covid-19 outbreak started from Wuhan city of China and then rapidly transmitted throughout the world causing mass destruction and seldom. This sporadical disease has taken many lives due to sudden outbreak and no particular vaccines were available at the early wave. All the vaccines developed are mostly targeted to spike protein of the virus which involves the encapsulation of mRNA and nanoparticles. Nanotechnology intervention in fighting against the covid-19 is one way to tackle the disease from different angles including nano coating mask, nano diagnostic kits, nano sanitizer, and nano medicine. This article highlights the intervention of nanotechnology and its possible treatment against the covid-19. It is high time to come together all the units of material science and biological science to fight against the dreadful COVID-19. As an alternative strategy, a multidisciplinary research effort, consisting of classical epidemiology and clinical methodologies, drugs and nanotechnology, engineering science and biological apprehension, can be adopted for developing improved drugs exhibiting antiviral activities. The employment of nanotechnology and its allied fields can be explored to detect, treat, and prevent the covid-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yengkhom Disco Singh
- Biomaterials and Bioprocessing Research Laboratory, Department of Post-Harvest Technology, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 791102, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rina Ningthoujam
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh, 791102, India
| | - Manasa Kumar Panda
- Environment & Sustainability Department, CSIR- Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751013, India
| | - Barsarani Jena
- Department of Botany, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Punuri Jayasekhar Babu
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Pachhunga University College Campus, Aizawl, 796001, Mizoram , India
| | - Avanindra Kumar Mishra
- Deputy Director of Research, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, 7 95004, Manipur, India
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9
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Cereda G, Ciappolino V, Boscutti A, Cantù F, Enrico P, Oldani L, Delvecchio G, Brambilla P. Zinc as a Neuroprotective Nutrient for COVID-19-Related Neuropsychiatric Manifestations: A Literature Review. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:66-79. [PMID: 34634109 PMCID: PMC8524565 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the pandemic associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led researchers to find new potential treatments, including nonpharmacological molecules such as zinc (Zn2+). Specifically, the use of Zn2+ as a therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection is based on several findings: 1) the possible role of the anti-inflammatory activity of Zn2+ on the aberrant inflammatory response triggered by COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19), 2) properties of Zn2+ in modulating the competitive balance between the host and the invading pathogens, and 3) the antiviral activity of Zn2+ on a number of pathogens, including coronaviruses. Furthermore, Zn2+ has been found to play a central role in regulating brain functioning and many disorders have been associated with Zn2+ deficiency, including neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric disorders, and brain injuries. Within this context, we carried out a narrative review to provide an overview of the evidence relating to the effects of Zn2+ on the immune and nervous systems, and the therapeutic use of such micronutrients in both neurological and infective disorders, with the final goal of elucidating the possible use of Zn2+ as a preventive or therapeutic intervention in COVID-19. Overall, the results from the available evidence showed that, owing to its neuroprotective properties, Zn2+ supplementation could be effective not only on COVID-19-related symptoms but also on virus replication, as well as on COVID-19-related inflammation and neurological damage. However, further clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of Zn2+ as a nonpharmacological treatment of COVID-19 are required to achieve an overall improvement in outcome and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Cereda
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Ciappolino
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Boscutti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Cantù
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Enrico
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucio Oldani
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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10
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Yazdani M, Khezri J, Hadizadeh N, Amir Zakaria JZ, Naderi M, Mahmoodian S, Karkhanei AA, Razi F, Sanati MH, Hashemi E. Depinar, a drug that potentially inhibits the binding and entry of COVID-19 into host cells based on computer-aided studies. Res Pharm Sci 2021; 16:315-325. [PMID: 34221065 PMCID: PMC8216164 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.314830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: The new coronavirus (Covid-19) has resulted in great global concerns. Due to the mortality of this virus, scientists from all over the world have been trying to employ different strategies to tackle down this concern. This virus enters cells via phagocytosis through binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme II receptor. After invading the body, it can stay hidden in there for a period of up to 24 days (incubation period). Experimental approach: In this report, by the use of in silico studies we selected several FDA-approved compounds that possess antiviral properties. We chose the viral Spike protein as the target of drug compounds and carried out the screening process for the FDA databank in order to find the most effective ligand. Findings/Results: The results from dock and MD revealed 10 compounds with high affinity to the receptor-binding domain motif of S protein. The best inhibitors were the ingredients of Depinar, which managed to effectively block the interactions between cells and virus. Conclusion and implication: The results of this study were approved by in silico studies and due to the lack of time; we did not test the efficiency of these compounds through in vitro and in vivo studies. However, the selected compounds are all FDA approved and some are supplements like vitamin B12 and don’t cause any side effects for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Yazdani
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Jafar Khezri
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Nastaran Hadizadeh
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Javad Zamani Amir Zakaria
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Mousa Naderi
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Sahar Mahmoodian
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Karkhanei
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Farideh Razi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Sanati
- Medical Genetics Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Ehsan Hashemi
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran.,National Research Centre for Transgenic Mouse, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, I.R. Iran
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11
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Name JJ, Vasconcelos AR, Souza ACR, Fávaro WJ. Vitamin D, zinc and glutamine: Synergistic action with OncoTherad immunomodulator in interferon signaling and COVID‑19 (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:11. [PMID: 33448317 PMCID: PMC7834962 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified in December, 2019 in Wuhan, China. Since then, it has continued to spread rapidly in numerous countries, while the search for effective therapeutic options persists. Coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, are known to suppress and evade the antiviral responses of the host organism mediated by interferon (IFN), a family of cytokines that plays an important role in antiviral defenses associated with innate immunity, and has been used therapeutically for chronic viral diseases and cancer. On the other hand, OncoTherad, a safe and effective immunotherapeutic agent in the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), increases IFN signaling and has been shown to be a promising therapeutic approach for COVID-19 in a case report that described the rapid recovery of a 78-year-old patient with NMIBC with comorbidities. The present review discusses the possible synergistic action of OncoTherad with vitamin D, zinc and glutamine, nutrients that have been shown to facilitate immune responses mediated by IFN signaling, as well as the potential of this combination as a therapeutic option for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- José João Name
- Kilyos Assessoria, Cursos e Palestras (Kilyos Nutrition), São Paulo, SP 01311‑100, Brazil
| | - Andrea Rodrigues Vasconcelos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508‑000, Brazil
| | | | - Wagner José Fávaro
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083‑970, Brazil
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Name JJ, Souza ACR, Vasconcelos AR, Prado PS, Pereira CPM. Zinc, Vitamin D and Vitamin C: Perspectives for COVID-19 With a Focus on Physical Tissue Barrier Integrity. Front Nutr 2020; 7:606398. [PMID: 33365326 PMCID: PMC7750357 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.606398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Some nutrients play key roles in maintaining the integrity and function of the immune system, presenting synergistic actions in steps determinant for the immune response. Among these elements, zinc and vitamins C and D stand out for having immunomodulatory functions and for playing roles in preserving physical tissue barriers. Considering the COVID-19 pandemic, nutrients that can optimize the immune system to prevent or lower the risk of severe progression and prognosis of this viral infection become relevant. Thus, the present review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the roles of zinc and vitamins C and D in the immune response to viral infections, focusing on the synergistic action of these nutrients in the maintenance of physical tissue barriers, such as the skin and mucous membranes. The evidence found in the literature shows that deficiency of one or more of these three elements compromises the immune response, making an individual more vulnerable to viral infections and to a worse disease prognosis. Thus, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the adequate intake of zinc and vitamins C and D may represent a promising pharmacological tool due to the high demand for these nutrients in the case of contact with the virus and onset of the inflammatory process. Ongoing clinical trials will help to clarify the role of these nutrients for COVID-19 management.
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Affiliation(s)
- José João Name
- Kilyos Consultoria, Assessoria, Cursos e Palestras, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Hoang BX, Han B. A possible application of hinokitiol as a natural zinc ionophore and anti-infective agent for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and viral infections. Med Hypotheses 2020; 145:110333. [PMID: 33045596 PMCID: PMC7534793 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Zinc and the combination with zinc ionophore have been reported in basic research and several clinical investigations as a potentially viable and economical preventive and therapeutic options for COVID-19 treatment. Zinc is a vital microelement that actively supports respiratory epithelium barrier integrity, innate and adaptive immune functions, and inflammatory regulations. Moreover, zinc may also prevent viral entry, suppress viral replication, and mitigate the damages due to oxidative stress and hyperinflammatory reaction in patients with respiratory infections. Hinokitiol (β-thujaplicin) is a natural monoterpenoid and is considered as a safe zinc ionophore to help zinc transport into cells. It has been widely used in skin and oral care, and therapeutic products for its potent antiviral, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer applications. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the significant morbidity and mortality exist in the high-risk group of patients associated with other respiratory infections such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and dengue fever. There is an urgent need for the development of inexpensive, safe, and effective therapeutics to prevent and treat these viral infections. Considering that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), the most studied zinc ionophore drug for COVID-19, is linked to potentially serious side effects, we propose the implementation of hinokitiol as a zinc ionophore and anti-infective agent for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and other viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ba X Hoang
- Department of Surgery, Nimni-Cordaba Tissue Engineering and Drug Discovery Laboratory, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Surgery, Nimni-Cordaba Tissue Engineering and Drug Discovery Laboratory, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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14
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Hoang BX, Hoang HQ, Han B. Zinc Iodide in combination with Dimethyl Sulfoxide for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections. Med Hypotheses 2020; 143:109866. [PMID: 32473509 PMCID: PMC7245270 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Zinc Iodide and Dimethyl Sulfoxide compositions are proposed as therapeutic agents to treat and prevent chronic and acute viral infections including SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. The therapeutic combinations have a wide range of virucidal effects on DNA and RNA containing viruses. The combinations also exhibit anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, antifibrotic, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidative effects. Given the fact that Zinc Iodide has been used as an oral antiseptic agent and DMSO has been already proven as a safe pharmaceutical solvent and therapeutic agent, we hypothesize that the combination of these two agents can be applied as an effective, safe and inexpensive treatment for SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infection. The therapeutic compound can be applied as both etiological and pathogenesis therapy and used as an effective and safe antiseptic (disinfectant) for human and animals as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ba X Hoang
- Nimni-Cordoba Tissue Engineering and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo Street, BMT-302, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Huy Q Hoang
- Natural Health Medical Center, 4469 Redondo Beach Boulevard, Lawndale 90260, CA, USA
| | - Bo Han
- Nimni-Cordoba Tissue Engineering and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo Street, BMT-302, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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15
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Ogawa M, Kanda T, Suganami A, Nakamoto S, Win NN, Tamura Y, Nakamura M, Matsuoka S, Yokosuka O, Kato N, Ohara O, Okamoto H, Moriyama M, Shirasawa H. Antiviral activity of zinc sulfate against hepatitis A virus replication. Future Virol 2019. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2019-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ogawa
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Kanto, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kanda
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Kanto, 173-8610, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Kanto, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Akiko Suganami
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Kanto, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Kanto, 260-8677, Japan
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Kanto, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Nan Nwe Win
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Kanto, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tamura
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Kanto, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Masato Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Kanto, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Shunichi Matsuoka
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Kanto, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokosuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Kanto, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Naoya Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Kanto, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Kanto, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okamoto
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection & Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Kanto, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Moriyama
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Kanto, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shirasawa
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Kanto, 260-8677, Japan
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16
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Marion O, Abravanel F, Izopet J, Kamar N. Failure to respond to ribavirin despite elevated intra-erythrocyte zinc level in transplant-patients with chronic hepatitis E virus infection. Transpl Infect Dis 2019; 21:e13050. [PMID: 30663838 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Marion
- Department of Nephrology and Organ Transplantation, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France.,Inserm UMR1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Abravanel
- Inserm UMR1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France.,Laboratory of Virology, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France.,Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Izopet
- Inserm UMR1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France.,Laboratory of Virology, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France.,Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Nassim Kamar
- Department of Nephrology and Organ Transplantation, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France.,Inserm UMR1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France.,Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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