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Śniatała B, Al-Hazmi HE, Sobotka D, Zhai J, Mąkinia J. Advancing sustainable wastewater management: A comprehensive review of nutrient recovery products and their applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 937:173446. [PMID: 38788940 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater serves as a vital resource for sustainable fertilizer production, particularly in the recovery of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). This comprehensive study explores the recovery chain, from technology to final product reuse. Biomass growth is the most cost-effective method, valorizing up to 95 % of nutrients, although facing safety concerns. Various techniques enable the recovery of 100 % P and up to 99 % N, but challenges arise during the final product crystallization due to the high solubility of ammonium salts. Among these techniques, chemical precipitation and ammonia stripping/ absorption have achieved full commercialization, with estimated recovery costs of 6.0-10.0 EUR kgP-1 and 4.4-4.8 £ kgN-1, respectively. Multiple technologies integrating biomass thermo-chemical processing and P and/or N have also reached technology readiness level TRL = 9. However, due to maturing regulatory of waste-derived products, not all of their products are commercially available. The non-homogenous nature of wastewater introduces impurities into nutrient recovery products. While calcium and iron impurities may impact product bioavailability, some full-scale P recovery technologies deliver products containing this admixture. Recovered mineral nutrient forms have shown up to 60 % higher yield biomass growth compared to synthetic fertilizers. Life cycle assessment studies confirm the positive environmental outcomes of nutrient recycling from wastewater to agricultural applications. Integration of novel technologies may increase wastewater treatment costs by a few percent, but this can be offset through renewable energy utilization and the sale of recovered products. Moreover, simultaneous nutrient recovery and energy production via bio-electrochemical processes contributes to carbon neutrality achieving. Interdisciplinary cooperation is essential to offset both energy and chemicals inputs, increase their cos-efficiency and optimize technologies and understand the nutrient release patterns of wastewater-derived products on various crops. Addressing non-technological factors, such as legal and financial support, infrastructure redesign, and market-readiness, is crucial for successfully implementation and securing the global food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Śniatała
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Hussein E Al-Hazmi
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dominika Sobotka
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jun Zhai
- Institute for Smart City of Chongqing University in Liyang, Chongqing University, Jiangsu 213300, China
| | - Jacek Mąkinia
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Nguyen DV, Wu D. Recent advances in innovative osmotic membranes for resource enrichment and energy production in wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172153. [PMID: 38580129 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater is a valuable resource that we can no longer afford to overlook. By recovering the nutrients and metals it contains and generating renewable energy, we can not only meet the rising demands for natural resources but also create a more sustainable and resilient future. Forward osmosis (FO) membranes are one of the most intriguing resource recovery process technologies because of their high organic retention, economical energy usage, and straightforward operation. However, the widespread adoption of FO membranes on a full-scale basis is hindered by several issues with previous membrane products. These include limited selectivity to different types of ions, insufficient water flux, and high susceptibility to membrane fouling during extended periods of operation. Hence, it is essential to either invent new FO membranes or modify the existing ones. The objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive and organized review of up-to-date advancements in the development of innovative osmotic membrane (IOM) materials for resource recovery (RR) and energy production (EP). The paper covers several aspects, including the limitations of current osmotic membrane technologies, a review of new membranes specifically designed for effective RR/EP, their applications in various industrial fields, integrated IOM systems, recent improvements in IOM fabrication processes using artificial intelligence, and a discussion of the challenges and prospects of the potential research. In general, recently developed IOMs have proven to be highly efficient in recovering organics (>99 %), nutrients (>86 %), and precious metals (>90 %). These new membranes have also demonstrated an ability to effectively harvest osmotic energy (with power output ranging from 6 to 38 W/m2) by applied pressure in the range of 8 to 30 bar. These findings suggest that IOMs is promised for efficient resource recovery and renewable energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Viet Nguyen
- Center for Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology (GREAT), Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5 Songdomunhwa-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource recovery (CAPTURE), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Di Wu
- Center for Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology (GREAT), Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5 Songdomunhwa-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource recovery (CAPTURE), Ghent, Belgium.
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Gmitrowicz-Iwan J, Ligęza S. Floodplain lakes as an indicator of increasing industrial pollution - Case study from a fertilizer factory in Poland. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117278. [PMID: 37778598 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the development of organic farming, the demand for mineral fertilizers is still high. Processes of fertilizer production are water-consuming, which is why factories are often located near large rivers. Such facilities should be monitored in detail because they might pose a threat to water quality. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of a nitrogen fertilizer factory chemical wastewater treatment plant (CWTP) on the water quality of nearby river-lake systems. Potential contamination could indicate installation defects. Six floodplain lakes were selected for analysis: three located within the embanked area and three outside the embanked area, all close to the CWTP. Two similar lakes 30 km upstream were chosen as controls. Water samples were taken monthly from March to November 2022. We analysed pH, electrical conductivity (EC), the content of Cl-, total nitrogen (TN), NH4+, NO3-, total phosphorus (TP), PO43-, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), Ca2+, K+, Mg2+ and Na+. Statistical analysis indicated that the canal that drains, among others, the cooling towers wastewater, might have an impact on the nearby lakes, significantly increasing their content of Cl- and Na+. On the other hand, the concentration of NH4+ was significantly higher in the lakes located downstream of the CWTP, although they did not have any surface connection with the CWTP reservoir. This fact and NH4+-polluted water seeping under the dike indicate that the CWTP reservoir might be leaking. Further research on underground water is required to establish whether the CWTP reservoir is properly secured. It is extremely important because the CWTP is located in the Vistula River valley, which supplies drinking water to almost 2 mln people. Any damage to the reservoir, e.g., during a flood, would lead to an ecological disaster involving not only the Vistula but also the Baltic Sea, affecting millions of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Gmitrowicz-Iwan
- Institute of Soil Science, Environmental Engineering and Shaping, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Ligęza
- Institute of Soil Science, Environmental Engineering and Shaping, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069, Lublin, Poland.
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Kurniawan TA, Othman MHD, Liang X, Goh HH, Gikas P, Kusworo TD, Anouzla A, Chew KW. Decarbonization in waste recycling industry using digitalization to promote net-zero emissions and its implications on sustainability. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 338:117765. [PMID: 36965421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Digitalization and sustainability have been considered as critical elements in tackling a growing problem of solid waste in the framework of circular economy (CE). Although digitalization can enhance time-efficiency and/or cost-efficiency, their end-results do not always lead to sustainability. So far, the literatures still lack of a holistic view in understanding the development trends and key roles of digitalization in waste recycling industry to benefit stakeholders and to protect the environment. To bridge this knowledge gap, this work systematically investigates how leveraging digitalization in waste recycling industry could address these research questions: (1) What are the key problems of solid waste recycling? (2) How the trends of digitalization in waste management could benefit a CE? (3) How digitalization could strengthen waste recycling industry in a post-pandemic era? While digitalization boosts material flows in a CE, it is evident that utilizing digital solutions to strengthen waste recycling business could reinforce a resource-efficient, low-carbon, and a CE. In the Industry 4.0 era, digitalization can add 15% (about USD 15.7 trillion) to global economy by 2030. As digitalization grows, making the waste sector shift to a CE could save between 30% and 35% of municipalities' waste management budget. With digitalization, a cost reduction of 3.6% and a revenue increase of 4.1% are projected annually. This would contribute to USD 493 billion in an increasing revenue yearly in the next decade. As digitalization enables tasks to be completed shortly with less manpower, this could save USD 421 billion annually for the next decade. With respect to environmental impacts, digitalization in the waste sector could reduce global CO2 emissions by 15% by 2030 through technological solutions. Overall, this work suggests that digitalization in the waste sector contributes net-zero emission to a digital economy, while transitioning to a sustainable world as its social impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Xue Liang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui Hwang Goh
- School of Electrical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Petros Gikas
- Technical University of Crete, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Chania, Greece
| | - Tutuk Djoko Kusworo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
| | - Abdelkader Anouzla
- Department of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore
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Manisha M, Verma K, Ramesh N, Anirudha TP, Santrupt RM, Das R, Mohan Kumar MS, Chanakya HN, Rao L. Socio-economic impact assessment of large-scale recycling of treated municipal wastewater for indirect groundwater recharge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160207. [PMID: 36402318 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reusing treated wastewater is an emerging solution to address freshwater scarcity, and surface water contamination faced worldwide. A unique large-scale wastewater recycling project was implemented to replenish groundwater by filling secondary treated wastewater (STW) into existing irrigation tanks in severely drought-hit areas of the Kolar districts of Southern India. This study quantifies the socio-economic impacts of this large-scale indirect groundwater recharge scheme. The changes in areas receiving STW i.e., impacted areas and those areas which did not receive STW i.e., non-impacted areas was studied. Also, pre and post recycling changes were quantified in the Kolar district. The results show that surface water quality meets India's most stringent treated wastewater discharge standards prescribed by the Hon'ble National Green Tribunal. Due to these recycling efforts, significant improvements in groundwater level and quality were found. It was observed that there was a noticeable difference in agricultural cropping areas, seasons, patterns, and production between impacted and non-impacted areas. Post-recycling, farmers tended to cultivate cash and water-intensive crops over less water-intensive crops. During the post-recycling period, livestock and milk production also increased, and in impacted areas, it was significantly higher. Post-recycling, fish production increased and land prices per hectare increased by 118 % in impacted areas. The farmer's net income under flowers and vegetable farming increased by 202 % and 150 % respectively in impacted areas compared to non-impacted areas. Furthermore, this project contributes to a circular economy transition in the water sector, which has economic, environmental, social, and cultural benefits. A key recommendation from the outcomes of the study is to draft and implement a policy that encourages the reuse of recycled water for groundwater recharge which in turn will improve the agro-economic system and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Manisha
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Kavita Verma
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - N Ramesh
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - T P Anirudha
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - R M Santrupt
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Reshmi Das
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - M S Mohan Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India; Gitam University, India
| | - H N Chanakya
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Lakshminarayana Rao
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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Sniatala B, Kurniawan TA, Sobotka D, Makinia J, Othman MHD. Macro-nutrients recovery from liquid waste as a sustainable resource for production of recovered mineral fertilizer: Uncovering alternative options to sustain global food security cost-effectively. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159283. [PMID: 36208738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global food security, which has emerged as one of the sustainability challenges, impacts every country. As food cannot be generated without involving nutrients, research has intensified recently to recover unused nutrients from waste streams. As a finite resource, phosphorus (P) is largely wasted. This work critically reviews the technical applicability of various water technologies to recover macro-nutrients such as P, N, and K from wastewater. Struvite precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange, and membrane filtration are applied for nutrient recovery. Technological strengths and drawbacks in their applications are evaluated and compared. Their operational conditions such as pH, dose required, initial nutrient concentration, and treatment performance are presented. Cost-effectiveness of the technologies for P or N recovery is also elaborated. It is evident from a literature survey of 310 published studies (1985-2022) that no single technique can effectively and universally recover target macro-nutrients from liquid waste. Struvite precipitation is commonly used to recover over 95 % of P from sludge digestate with its concentration ranging from 200 to 4000 mg/L. The recovered precipitate can be reused as a fertilizer due to its high content of P and N. Phosphate removal of higher than 80 % can be achieved by struvite precipitation when the molar ratio of Mg2+/PO43- ranges between 1.1 and 1.3. The applications of artificial intelligence (AI) to collect data on critical parameters control optimization, improve treatment effectiveness, and facilitate water utilities to upscale water treatment plants. Such infrastructure in the plants could enable the recovered materials to be reused to sustain food security. As nutrient recovery is crucial in wastewater treatment, water treatment plant operators need to consider (1) the costs of nutrient recovery techniques; (2) their applicability; (3) their benefits and implications. It is essential to note that the treatment cost of P and/or N-laden wastewater depends on the process applied and local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Sniatala
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Dominika Sobotka
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Makinia
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Davand H, Sepehr E, Momtaz HR, Ahmadi F. Wastewater irrigation: An opportunity for improving soil phosphorus availability; PHREEQC modeling and adsorption studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158180. [PMID: 36007642 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater, an alternative supply of water and nutrients, is being allocated as a priority for human population sustainability in arid and semi-arid regions. This work proposes phosphorus (P), a vital growth-limiting nutrient, adsorption behavior in wastewater irrigated agricultural soils in comparison to non-irrigated soils using laboratory batch experiments. The adsorption mechanism was assessed using different adsorption isotherm models. Saturation indices were modeled, using the hydro-geochemical transport code PHREEQC and MINTEQ geochemical software. Phosphorus buffering parameters were also calculated based on the standard equations. The equilibrium data were well fitted with the Freundlich isotherm model. The physical adsorption mechanism was found based on the calculated isotherm parameters. The maximum adsorption capacity was two times more in non-wastewater irrigated soils than irrigated. Results highlighted the effectiveness of wastewater irrigation in P availability in soil. Based on the PHREEQC modeling data, precipitation of Pb and Zn mineral phases was probable in soils by wastewater influence. Meanwhile, the precipitation of stable calcium phases, that affect the P sorption and/or co-precipitation, in non-wastewater irrigated soils was highlighted in the PHREEQC calculations. The standard buffer capacity (SBC) was 43 and 64 L kg-1 in wastewater irrigated soils and non-irrigated soils, respectively. Findings of the present study demonstrate the importance of wastewater reuse opportunities for agricultural application, especially soil P availability, and are helpful to minimize the environmental impacts of wastewater and solid waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiva Davand
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Sepehr
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Momtaz
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran; Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 6009, Australia; Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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8
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Assessment of Struvite as an Alternative Sources of Fertilizer-Phosphorus for Flood-Irrigated Rice. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14159621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) recovery from wastewaters as struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) may be a viable alternative fertilizer-P source for agriculture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic and environmental implications of struvite as a fertilizer-P source for flood-irrigated rice (Oryza sativa) relative to other commonly used commercially available fertilizer-P sources. A field study was conducted in 2019 and 2020 to evaluate the effects of wastewater-recovered struvite (chemically precipitated struvite (CPST) and electrochemically precipitated struvite (ECST)) on rice yield response in a P-deficient, silt–loam soil in eastern Arkansas relative to triple superphosphate, monoammonium and diammonium phosphate, and rock phosphate. A life cycle assessment methodology was used to estimate the global warming potentials associated with rice produced with the various fertilizer-P sources. Life cycle inventory data were based on the field trials conducted with and without struvite application for both years. A partial budget analysis showed that, across both years, net revenues for ECST and CPST were 1.4 to 26.8% lower than those associated with the other fertilizer-P sources. The estimated greenhouse gas emissions varied between 0.58 and 0.70 kg CO2 eq kg rice−1 from CPST and between 0.56 and 0.81 kg CO2 eq kg rice−1 from ECST in 2019 and 2020, respectively, which were numerically similar to those for the other fertilizer-P sources in 2019 and 2020. The similar rice responses compared to commercially available fertilizer-P sources suggest that wastewater-recovered struvite materials might be an alternative fertilizer-P-source option for flood-irrigated rice production if struvite can become price-competitive to other fertilizer-P sources.
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Wang Q, Fang K, He C, Wang K. Ammonia removal from municipal wastewater via membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) in pilot-scale. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yadav G, Mishra A, Ghosh P, Sindhu R, Vinayak V, Pugazhendhi A. Technical, economic and environmental feasibility of resource recovery technologies from wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 796:149022. [PMID: 34280638 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An enormous amount of wastewater is generated across the world from different industrial or municipal sectors. Traditional wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) have primarily focused on the treatment of wastewater rather than the recovery of valuable resources. A shift from a linear to a circular economy may offer a unique platform for recovering valuable resources including energy, nutrients, and high-value goods from wastewater. However, transitioning from conventional frameworks to sustainable WWT systems remains a significant challenge. Thus, this review paper focuses on the avenues of resource recovery from WWTPs, by evaluating the potential for nutrients, water, and energy recovery from different types of wastewaters and sewage sludge. It discusses in detail a variety of available and advanced technologies for resource recovery. Further, the feasibility of these technologies from a sustainable standpoint is discussed, covering the technical, economic, and environmental facets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montreal, H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - Arpit Mishra
- Cryogenic Engineering Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India.
| | - Parthasarathi Ghosh
- Cryogenic Engineering Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India.
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Vandana Vinayak
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Lab (DNM), School of Applied Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand; College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Ali S, Paul Peter A, Chew KW, Munawaroh HSH, Show PL. Resource recovery from industrial effluents through the cultivation of microalgae: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125461. [PMID: 34198241 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Industrial effluents such as pharmaceutical residues, pesticides, dyes, and metal processes holds abundant value-added products (VAPs), where its recovery has become essential. The purpose of such recovery is for sustainable treatment, which is an approach that considers the economic, social, and environmental aspects. Microalgae with its potential in the recovery process from effluents, can reduce energy usage of waste management strategies and regenerate nutrients such as carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen. Microalgae cultures offer the use of inorganic materials by microalgae for their growth and the help of bacteria to produce biomass, thus, resulting in the absence of secondary emissions due to its ability to eliminate volatile organic compounds. Moreover, recovered bioactive compounds are transformed into bioethanol, bio-fertilizers, biopolymer, health supplements and animal feed. Therefore, it is significant to focus on an economical and efficient utilization of microalgae in recovering nutrients that can be further used in various commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Ali
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Angela Paul Peter
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh
- Study Program of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jalan Dr. Setiabudhi 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Ryals R, Bischak E, Porterfield KK, Heisey S, Jeliazovski J, Kramer S, Pierre S. Toward Zero Hunger Through Coupled Ecological Sanitation-Agriculture Systems. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.716140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological sanitation (EcoSan) systems capture and sanitize human excreta and generate organic nutrient resources that can support more sustainable nutrient management in agricultural ecosystems. An emerging EcoSan system that is implemented in Haiti and several other contexts globally couples container-based household toilets with aerobic, thermophilic composting. This closed loop sanitation system generates organic nutrient resources that can be used as part of an ecological approach to soil nutrient management and thus has the potential to contribute to Sustainable Development Goals 2 (zero hunger), 6 (clean water and sanitation for all), and 13 (climate change solutions). However, the role of organic nutrient resources derived from human excreta in food production is poorly studied. We conducted a greenhouse experiment comparing the impact of feces-derived compost on crop production, soil nutrient cycling, and nutrient losses with two amendments produced from wastewater treatment (pelletized biosolids and biofertilizer), urea, and an unfertilized control. Excreta-derived amendments increased crop yields 2.5 times more than urea, but had differing carry-over effects. After a one-time application of compost, crop production remained elevated throughout all six crop cycles. In contrast, the carry-over of crop response lasted two and four crop cycles for biosolids and biofertilizer, respectively, and was absent for urea. Soil carbon concentration in the compost amended soils increased linearly through time from 2.0 to 2.5%, an effect not seen with other treatments. Soil nitrous oxide emissions factors ranged from 0.3% (compost) to 4.6% (biosolids), while nitrogen leaching losses were lowest for biosolids and highest for urea. These results indicate that excreta-derived compost provides plant available nutrients, while improving soil health through the addition of soil organic carbon. It also improved biogeochemical functions, indicating the potential of excreta-derived compost to close nutrient loops if implemented at larger scales. If captured and safely treated through EcoSan, human feces produced in Haiti can meet up to 13, 22, and 11% of major crop needs of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively.
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Otim FN, Chen IR, Otim O. Indirect assessment of biomass accumulation in a wastewater-based Chlorella vulgaris photobioreactor by pH variation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19445. [PMID: 34593845 PMCID: PMC8484453 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Algae bloom in coastal waters is partly supported by residual nutrients in treated wastewater (WW) released from coastally located treatment plants. In response, a Chlorella vulgaris-based photobioreactor was recently proposed for lowering nutrient levels in WW prior to release. However, the solution requires maintaining biomass accumulation to within a photobioreactor capacity for optimum operation. For high density Chlorella vulgaris suspensions, this is easily done by monitoring turbidity increase, a property directly related to biomass accumulation. For low density suspensions however, direct turbidity measurement would require a cumbersome process of concentrating large volumes of Chlorella vulgaris suspensions. Here, we demonstrate that by measuring pH of the suspensions, turbidity (T) can be estimated indirectly by the following wastewater-dependent expression: pH = aT + pH0, hence avoiding the need to concentrate large volumes. The term pH0 is the initial pH of the suspensions and a, a wastewater-dependent constant, can be computed independently from a = - 0.0061*pH0 + 0.052. In the event %WW is unknown, the following wastewater-independent Gaussian expression can be used to estimate T: pH = 8.71*exp(- [(T - 250)2]/[2*1.26E05]). These three equations should offer an avenue for monitoring the turbidity of dilute Chlorella vulgaris suspensions in large, stagnant municipal Chlorella vulgaris-based wastewater treatment system via pH measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Nyega Otim
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - I-Ru Chen
- Department of Humanities and Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 10960 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Ochan Otim
- Department of Humanities and Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 10960 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA. .,Environmental Monitoring Division, City of Los Angeles, 12000 Vista Del Mar, Playa Del Rey, CA, 90293, USA.
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14
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Rodrigues M, Paradkar A, Sleutels T, Heijne AT, Buisman CJN, Hamelers HVM, Kuntke P. Donnan Dialysis for scaling mitigation during electrochemical ammonium recovery from complex wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 201:117260. [PMID: 34107362 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic scaling is often an obstacle for implementing electrodialysis systems in general and for nutrient recovery from wastewater specifically. In this work, Donnan dialysis was explored, to prevent scaling and to prolong operation of an electrochemical system for TAN (total ammonia nitrogen) recovery. An electrochemical system was operated with and without an additional Donnan dialysis cell, while being supplied with synthetic influent and real digested black water. For the same Load Ratio (nitrogen load vs applied current) while treating digested black water, the system operated for a period three times longer when combined with a Donnan cell. Furthermore, the amount of nitrogen recovered was higher. System performance was evaluated in terms of both TAN recovery and energy efficiency, at different Load Ratios. At a Load Ratio 1.3 and current density of 10 A m-2, a TAN recovery of 83% was achieved while consuming 9.7 kWh kgN-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rodrigues
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9 8911MA Leeuwarden P.O. Box 1113, 8900 CC Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9 6708 WG Wageningen P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aishwarya Paradkar
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9 8911MA Leeuwarden P.O. Box 1113, 8900 CC Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Sleutels
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9 8911MA Leeuwarden P.O. Box 1113, 8900 CC Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Annemiek Ter Heijne
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9 6708 WG Wageningen P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cees J N Buisman
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9 8911MA Leeuwarden P.O. Box 1113, 8900 CC Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9 6708 WG Wageningen P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hubertus V M Hamelers
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9 8911MA Leeuwarden P.O. Box 1113, 8900 CC Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9 6708 WG Wageningen P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Philipp Kuntke
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9 8911MA Leeuwarden P.O. Box 1113, 8900 CC Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9 6708 WG Wageningen P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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15
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Ozgun H, Cicekalan B, Akdag Y, Koyuncu I, Ozturk I. Comparative evaluation of cost for preliminary and tertiary municipal wastewater treatment plants in Istanbul. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146258. [PMID: 33714828 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As the global economy continues to grow, the need for an economic evaluation of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is increasing. Determination of cost functions (CFs) helps to assess the costs of WWTP and to be able to reach to the satisfactory financial levels of construction and operation practices in the early phases of a project. In this study, unit capital and operation and maintenance (O&M) costs were calculated by analyzing the real capital and operation and maintenance expenditures of 16 full-scale WWTPs in Istanbul. Besides, the impacts of treatment level and capacity on costs were investigated. The unit total capital cost was found as 0.013 ± 0.004 €/m3 and 0.054 ± 0.009 €/m3 for preliminary and tertiary treatment, respectively, whereas the unit total O&M cost were 0.011 ± 0.007 €/m3 and 0.077 ± 0.021 €/m3 for preliminary and tertiary treatment, respectively. Capital (investment) costs covered 58% of the total cost in preliminary WWTPs, whereas; O&M costs had the highest share (58%) in tertiary WWTPs. The results of this study confirmed that the level of treatment considerably affected the costs of WWTPs. Moreover, the CFs were separately derived for tertiary treatment including A2O with and without digester. The CFs obtained in this study are of utmost importance to be used in the economic evaluation of the planned WWTPs and in the management of existing ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ozgun
- Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey; National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - B Cicekalan
- Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Y Akdag
- Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - I Koyuncu
- Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey; National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - I Ozturk
- Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
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16
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Ma P, Rosen C. Land application of sewage sludge incinerator ash for phosphorus recovery: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129609. [PMID: 33545594 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is essential for all living things and an integral part of food production. However, significant amounts of P are functionally lost when wastewater byproducts, such as biosolids or sewage sludge incinerator ash (SSA), are not beneficially reused. Around 20% of sewage sludge produced in the US is incinerated and nearly 25% of sewage sludge is incinerated in European Union member countries. SSA contains significant amounts of P (up to 14% total P) and other beneficial elements but is typically sent to landfills for disposal. However, SSA has also been explored as one method of capturing and redirecting P back into the food system. Research investigating SSA characterization, P availability, and contaminant concentrations and behavior in soil is required to understand the effects of SSA land application on soil chemical properties and crop production. Several approaches for recovering P from SSA have been investigated that consider these factors. Ultimately, the opportunity for land application of SSA depends on the individual characteristics of a given SSA, ex. total P and contaminant concentrations, and the requirements and regulations of the region where it is produced and applied. In this review, we address the history of P recovery from SSA and discuss research regarding characterization, contaminants, P availability, and land application of SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Persephone Ma
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Carl Rosen
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
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17
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Meneses-Jácome A, Ruiz-Colorado AA. A new approach of ecologically based life cycle assessment for biological wastewater treatments focused on energy recovery goals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:4195-4208. [PMID: 32935211 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10703-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The energy potential of high-organic loaded agro-industrial effluents receiving biological treatment is often neglected, particularly in emergent regions, because of different technical and regulatory drawbacks. In addition, small alternative bioenergy sources are forced to compete disadvantageously with conventional energy supply, hindering their more extended exploitation. Thus, smart strategies to prove the environmental/economic potential of biogas and sludge produced in biological wastewater treatment systems (Bio-WWTs) are required to promote them as truly sustainable energy sources. In this view, the present study depicts a refined methodological framework for a more appropriate appraisal of Bio-WWTs promoting bioenergy recovery. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and emergy analysis (EmA) methods were merged around the statement of some identified and stated Principle-Criteria of Sustainability (PCS) for this kind of "water-energy nexus." As a result, a novel set of four single sustainability development indicators (SDIs) and one aggregated SDI were obtained to address sustainable conditions for valorization of bio-energy from agro-industrial Bio-WWTs. These indicators were made up of an environmental term coming from an LCA based on a system expansion approach as well as a second or "eco-economic" term obtained by means of EmA. This work introduces and shapes the "additionality" notion as an expression of overall sustainability and uses novel sustainability charts to interpret the obtained SDIs and their shifting or changes for different Bio-WWTs' life cycle scenarios. The "proof of concept" of this methodology is discussed along the obtained results for two case studies in Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Meneses-Jácome
- Programa de Ingeniería Ambiental, Unidades Tecnológicas de Santander-UTS, Calle de los Estudiantes #9-82, Ciudadela Real de Minas, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
- Research Group on Energy, Resources and Sustainability, GIRES, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB), Avenida 42 No, 48-11, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
- Ingeniería en Energía (Energy Engineering Department), Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga-UNAB (Campus El Jardín), Avenida 42 No. 48-11, Edificio L, Oficina 2do. Piso, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
| | - Angela Adriana Ruiz-Colorado
- Bioprocesos y Flujos Reactivos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Medellín, Carrera 80 No 65-223, Núcleo Robledo, Medellín, Colombia
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18
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Kurniawan SB, Abdullah SRS, Imron MF, Said NSM, Ismail N‘I, Hasan HA, Othman AR, Purwanti IF. Challenges and Opportunities of Biocoagulant/Bioflocculant Application for Drinking Water and Wastewater Treatment and Its Potential for Sludge Recovery. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E9312. [PMID: 33322826 PMCID: PMC7764310 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of metal-based conventional coagulants/flocculants to remove suspended solids from drinking water and wastewater is currently leading to new concerns. Alarming issues related to the prolonged effects on human health and further pollution to aquatic environments from the generated nonbiodegradable sludge are becoming trending topics. The utilization of biocoagulants/bioflocculants does not produce chemical residue in the effluent and creates nonharmful, biodegradable sludge. The conventional coagulation-flocculation processes in drinking water and wastewater treatment, including the health and environmental issues related to the utilization of metal-based coagulants/flocculants during the processes, are discussed in this paper. As a counterpoint, the development of biocoagulants/bioflocculants for drinking water and wastewater treatment is intensively reviewed. The characterization, origin, potential sources, and application of this green technology are critically reviewed. This review paper also provides a thorough discussion on the challenges and opportunities regarding the further utilization and application of biocoagulants/bioflocculants in water and wastewater treatment, including the importance of the selection of raw materials, the simplification of extraction processes, the application to different water and wastewater characteristics, the scaling up of this technology to a real industrial scale, and also the potential for sludge recovery by utilizing biocoagulants/bioflocculants in water/wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setyo Budi Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.K.); (S.R.S.A.); (N.S.M.S.); (N.I.I.); (H.A.H.); (A.R.O.)
| | - Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.K.); (S.R.S.A.); (N.S.M.S.); (N.I.I.); (H.A.H.); (A.R.O.)
| | - Muhammad Fauzul Imron
- Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Nor Sakinah Mohd Said
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.K.); (S.R.S.A.); (N.S.M.S.); (N.I.I.); (H.A.H.); (A.R.O.)
| | - Nur ‘Izzati Ismail
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.K.); (S.R.S.A.); (N.S.M.S.); (N.I.I.); (H.A.H.); (A.R.O.)
| | - Hassimi Abu Hasan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.K.); (S.R.S.A.); (N.S.M.S.); (N.I.I.); (H.A.H.); (A.R.O.)
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Razi Othman
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.K.); (S.R.S.A.); (N.S.M.S.); (N.I.I.); (H.A.H.); (A.R.O.)
| | - Ipung Fitri Purwanti
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia;
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19
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Kuwayama Y, Olmstead SM. Hydroeconomic modeling of resource recovery from wastewater: Implications for water quality and quantity management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2020; 49:593-602. [PMID: 33016395 PMCID: PMC7317512 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Emerging technologies and practices allow wastewater treatment facilities to recover valuable resources such as nutrients, energy, and recycled water during the wastewater treatment process. The ability to recover resources from wastewater introduces new tradeoffs in both water quality and quantity management. In particular, the fact that communities can obtain revenue from the sale of resources that are recovered from wastewater may help internalize the externalities of insufficient wastewater treatment. In this paper, we develop a theoretical model to characterize these tradeoffs within a hydroeconomic framework of optimal wastewater treatment with resource recovery, which is particularly well suited for applications in nutrient management. We use this model to derive analytical results that describe the economically optimal level of deployment, accounting for the fact that the technology or practice is costly and it generates benefits in the form of revenue from the recovered resource, as well as other societal benefits, such as improvements in human and ecosystem health. In addition, we present two examples using specific functional forms for treatment costs to demonstrate how the model can be applied to obtain general principles regarding societally optimal deployment. Our hydroeconomic framework can be used to explore the socioeconomic implications of strategies that target deployment of wastewater treatment with resource recovery, especially nutrients, at multiple scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kuwayama
- Resources for the Future, 1616 P Street NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC, 20003
| | - Sheila M Olmstead
- Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, Univ. of Texas at Austin, P.O. Box Y, Austin, TX, 78713
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Larriba O, Rovira-Cal E, Juznic-Zonta Z, Guisasola A, Baeza JA. Evaluation of the integration of P recovery, polyhydroxyalkanoate production and short cut nitrogen removal in a mainstream wastewater treatment process. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 172:115474. [PMID: 31958593 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment systems are nowadays evolving into systems where energy and resources are recovered from wastewater. This work presents the long term operation of a demo-scale pilot plant (7.8 m3) with a novel configuration named as mainstream SCEPPHAR (ShortCut Enhanced Phosphorus and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Recovery) and based on two sequencing batch reactors (R1-HET and R2-AUT). This is the first report of an implementation at demo scale and under relevant operational conditions of the simultaneous integration of shortcut nitrification, P recovery and production of sludge with a higher PHA content than conventional activated sludge. An operating period under full nitrification mode achieved successful removal efficiencies for total N, P and CODT (86 ± 12%, 93 ± 9% and 79 ± 6%). In the following period, nitrite shortcut (with undetectable activity of nitrite oxidising bacteria) was achieved by implementing automatic control of the aerobic phase length in R2-AUT using ammonium measurement and operating at a lower sludge retention time. Similar N, P and CODT removal efficiencies to the full nitrification period were obtained. P-recovery from the anaerobic supernatant of R1-HET was achieved in a separate precipitator by increasing pH and dosing MgCl2, recovering an average value of 45% of the P in the influent as struvite precipitate, with a peak up to 63%. These values are much higher than the typical values of sidestream P-recovery (12%). Regarding PHA, a percentage in the biomass in the range 6.9-9.2% (gPHA·g-1TSS) was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Larriba
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Eric Rovira-Cal
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Zivko Juznic-Zonta
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Albert Guisasola
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Baeza
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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