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Flores-Villaseñor H, Velázquez-Román J, León-Sicairos N, Angulo-Zamudio UA, Lira-Morales C, Martínez-García JJ, Acosta-Smith E, Valdés-Flores J, Tapia-Pastrana G, Canizalez-Román A. Serodiversity, antibiotic resistance, and virulence genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters collected in coastal areas of northwestern Mexico between 2012 and 2020. Food Microbiol 2024; 123:104567. [PMID: 39038901 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus in oysters from the northwestern coast of Mexico and to identify the serotypes, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance of the strains. Oyster samples were collected from 2012 to 2020 from the northwest coast of Mexico; biochemical and molecular methods were used to identify V. parahaemolyticus from oysters; antiserum reaction to determine V. parahaemolyticus serotypes, and PCR assays were performed to identify pathogenic (tdh and/or trh) or pandemic (toxRS/new, and/or orf8) strains and antibiotic resistance testing. A total of 441 oyster samples were collected and tested for V. parahaemolyticus. Forty-seven percent of oyster samples were positive for V. parahaemolyticus. Ten different O serogroups and 72 serovars were identified, predominantly serotype O1:KUT with 22.2% and OUT:KUT with 17.3%. Twenty new serotypes that had not been previously reported in our region were identified. We detected 4.3% of pathogenic clones but no pandemic strains. About 73.5% of strains were resistant to at least one antibiotic, mainly ampicillin and ciprofloxacin; 25% were multi-drug resistant. In conclusion, the pathogenic strains in oysters and antibiotic resistance are of public health concern, as the potential for outbreaks throughout northwestern Mexico is well established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Flores-Villaseñor
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80019, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico; The Sinaloa State Public Health Laboratory, Secretariat of Health, 80058, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Jorge Velázquez-Román
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80019, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Nidia León-Sicairos
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80019, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico; Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa, 80200, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | - Carolina Lira-Morales
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80019, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Jesús J Martínez-García
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80019, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico; Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa, 80200, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Erika Acosta-Smith
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80019, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Jorge Valdés-Flores
- Programa Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, 80040, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Tapia-Pastrana
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Oaxaca, IMSS-BIENESTAR, Oaxaca, 71256, Mexico
| | - Adrian Canizalez-Román
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80019, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico; The Women's Hospital, Secretariat of Health, 80020, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico.
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Gavilan RG, Caro-Castro J, Blondel CJ, Martinez-Urtaza J. Vibrio parahaemolyticus Epidemiology and Pathogenesis: Novel Insights on an Emerging Foodborne Pathogen. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1404:233-251. [PMID: 36792879 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-22997-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The epidemiological dynamics of V. parahaemolyticus´ infections have been characterized by the abrupt appearance of outbreaks in remote areas where these diseases had not been previously detected, without knowing the routes of entry of the pathogens in the new area. However, there are recent studies that show the link between the appearance of epidemic outbreaks of Vibrio and environmental factors such as oceanic transport of warm waters, which has provided a possible mechanism for the dispersion of Vibrio diseases globally. Despite this evidence, there is little information on the possible routes of entry and transport of infectious agents from endemic countries to the entire world. In this sense, the recent advances in genomic sequencing tools are making it possible to infer possible biogeographical patterns of diverse pathogens with relevance in public health like V. parahaemolyticus. In this chapter, we will address several general aspects about V. parahaemolyticus, including their microbiological and genetic detection, main virulence factors, and the epidemiology of genotypes involved in foodborne outbreaks globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronnie G Gavilan
- Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru. .,Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru.
| | | | - Carlos J Blondel
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Martinez-Urtaza
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Elhadi N, Yamani LZ, Aljeldah M, Alomar AI, Ibrahim H, Diab A. Serological and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns As Well As Molecular Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated from Coastal Waters in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2022; 12:524-540. [PMID: 36239916 PMCID: PMC9561340 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-022-00071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus belongs to the halophilic genus of Vibrionaceae family that inhabits coastal and marine environments and is a major food-borne pathogen. In the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and Saudi Arabia in particular, there is a lack of information regarding the detection of pandemic clone or serovariants of V. parahaemolyticus pandemic clones. Here, 400 seawater samples were collected and examined for the presence of V. parahaemolyticus from 10 locations along the coast of Eastern Province in Saudi Arabia. The recovered isolates were serotyped, and studied for antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, and markers of pandemicity using PCR and Arbitrarily primed (AP)-PCR typing patterns. All 40 isolates were tested negative for tdh, trh, and toxRS genes. Six serotypes were identified and three were clinically significant. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of isolates revealed high resistance towards penicillins, cephalosporins, and polymyxin; 60% of isolates were multi-drug resistant, whereas all isolates were susceptible to quinolones, carbapenems, sulfonamides, and tetracycline. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index among antibiotic resistance patterns of isolates revealed that 12 (30%) isolates had recorded significant MAR index higher than 0.2. AP-PCR fingerprinting could group all isolates into five distinct and identical pattern clusters with more than 85% similarity. Our findings demonstrate that pandemic serovariants of pandemic clones were not exclusively limited to strains isolated from fecal specimens of infected patients. Nine environmental strains of serotype O1:KUT, O1: K25, and O5:K17 were isolated from costal seawater, and thus the spread of these serovariants strains of pandemic clone of V. parahaemolyticus in the environment is to avoid any kind of threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreldin Elhadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2435, Dammam, 31441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Lamya Zohair Yamani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2435, Dammam, 31441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Aljeldah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr-Al Batin, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer Ibrahim Alomar
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2435, Dammam, 31441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2435, Dammam, 31441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Diab
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from stool specimens of diarrhea patients in Nantong, Jiangsu, China during 2018–2020. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273700. [PMID: 36018831 PMCID: PMC9416985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of acute seafood-associated gastroenteritis worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of virulence genes, biofilm formation, motor capacities and antimicrobial resistance profile of V. parahaemolyticus isolates isolated from clinical samples in Nantong during 2018–2020. Sixty-six V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from stool specimens of diarrheal patients were examined. The PCR results showed that there were two tdh+trh+ isolates, four tdh-trh- isolates and sixty tdh+trh- isolates, accounting for 3.0%, 6.1% and 90.9%, respectively. All the tdh carrying isolates manifested the positive reactions for the Kanagawa phenomenon (KP) test. Most of the isolates harbored at least one of the specific DNA markers of ‘pandemic group’ strains, suggesting that the dominant isolates of V. parahaemolyticus in Nantong might belong to the new O3: K6 or its serovariants. All tdh+ isolates possessed the Vp-PAI genes, but no tdh-trh- isolates carried the T3SS2 genes. All isolates were biofilm producers and had relatively strong motor capacities. In addition, the V. parahaemolyticus isolates were resistant to ampicillin (98.5%), cefuroxime (75.6%), cefepime (66.7%), piperacillin (59.1%) and ampicillin/sulbactam (50.0%), but sensitive to ciprofloxacin (100.0%), levofloxacin (100.0%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (98.5%), gentamicin (98.5%), amikacin (97%), meropenem (71.2%), and ceftazidime (56.1%). Multidrug-resistant isolates in clinical might be related to the inappropriate use of antimicrobials in aquaculture.
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León-Sicairos N, Zatarain-Lopez R, Angulo-Zamudio UA, Velazquez-Roman J, Flores-Villaseñor H, Martinez-Garcia JJ, Moreno-Pérez MA, Buelna-Romero A, Hernández-Monroy I, Lopez-Martinez I, Cuen-Diaz HM, Diaz-Quiñonez JA, Canizalez-Roman A. Vibrio parahaemolyticus Is Associated with Diarrhea Cases in Mexico, with a Dominance of Pandemic O3:K6 Clones. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10318. [PMID: 36011953 PMCID: PMC9408606 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we conducted surveillance of the V. parahaemolyticus strains present in clinical samples from six geographical regions of Mexico (22 states) from 2004 to 2011. The serotype dominance, virulence genes, presence of pandemic O3:K6 strains, and antibiotic resistance of the isolates were investigated. In total, 144 strains were isolated from the clinical samples. Seven different O serogroups and twenty-five serovars were identified. Most clinical isolates (66%, 95/144) belonged to the pandemic clone O3:K6 (tdh+, toxRS/new+ and/or orf8+) and were detected in 20 of the 22 states. Among the pandemic clones, approximately 17.8% (17/95) of the strains cross-reacted with the antisera for the K6 and K59 antigens (O3:K6, K59 serotype). Other pathogenic strains (tdh+ and/or trh+, toxRS/new-, orf8-) accounted for 26.3%, and the nonpathogenic strains (tdh- and/or trh-) accounted for 7.6%. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that most of the strains were resistant to ampicillin (99.3%) but were sensitive to most tested antibiotics. The level of multidrug resistance was 1.3%. Our results indicate that pandemic O3:K6 is present in most Mexican states, thus, constant surveillance of V. parahaemolyticus strains in diarrhea patients is a public health priority and is useful for conducting risk assessments of foodborne illnesses to prevent V. parahaemolyticus outbreaks. Overall, our observations indicate that the pandemic O3:K6 clone of V. parahaemolyticus has become a relatively stable subpopulation and may be endemically established in Mexico; therefore, constant surveillance is needed to avoid new outbreaks of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidia León-Sicairos
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80246, Mexico
- Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80200, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Héctor Flores-Villaseñor
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80246, Mexico
- The Sinaloa State Public Health Laboratory, Secretariat of Health, Culiacan 80020, Mexico
| | | | - María Asunción Moreno-Pérez
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos “Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez” (InDRE), Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 01480, Mexico
| | - Alma Buelna-Romero
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos “Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez” (InDRE), Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 01480, Mexico
| | - Irma Hernández-Monroy
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos “Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez” (InDRE), Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 01480, Mexico
| | - Irma Lopez-Martinez
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos “Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez” (InDRE), Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 01480, Mexico
| | - Hector Melesio Cuen-Diaz
- Faculty of Accounting and Administration, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80020, Mexico
| | - José Alberto Diaz-Quiñonez
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80246, Mexico
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
| | - Adrián Canizalez-Roman
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80246, Mexico
- The Women’s Hospital, Secretariat of Health, Culiacan 80020, Mexico
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6
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da Silva LV, Ossai S, Chigbu P, Parveen S. Antimicrobial and Genetic Profiles of Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated From the Maryland Coastal Bays, United States. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:676249. [PMID: 34093499 PMCID: PMC8175909 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.676249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus, found naturally in marine and estuarine environments, are the leading cause of seafood associated gastrointestinal illness and death. Consumption of improperly cooked crabs and handling of live crabs are potential routes of exposure to pathogenic bacteria such as V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus. Little information is available on serotype genetic and antimicrobial profiles of V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus recovered from Maryland estuaries. The aim of the present study was to determine the serotype of V. parahaemolyticus, evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic profiles of V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus isolated from water and blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) samples collected from the Maryland Coastal Bays. One hundred and fifty (150) PCR confirmed V. parahaemolyticus including 52 tdh+ (pathogenic) and 129 V. vulnificus strains were tested for susceptibility to twenty (20) different antibiotics chosen by clinical usage for Vibrio species. The O serogroups were determined using an agglutination test with V. parahaemolyticus antisera. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used for molecular subtyping to investigate the genetic diversity among tested strains. The most prevalent serotypes were O5 (33.3%), O3 (18.7%) and O1 (14.7%). More than 41% of all tested Vibrio isolates were resistant to three or more antibiotics. Cephalothin showed the highest resistance (42% and 61%), followed by cefoxitin (42% and 31%) and ceftazidime (36% and 29%) for V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus, respectively. Most strains (99–100%) were susceptible to ampicillin/sulbactam, levofloxacin, piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, and tetracycline. Fifty percent (50%) of the cephalothin resistant strains were crab isolates. Vibrio vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus isolates demonstrated a high genetic diversity and 31% of V. vulnificus and 16% of V. parahaemolyticus strains were PFGE untypeable. No correlations were found between the V. parahaemolyticus serotype, pathogenicity, genetic and antimicrobial resistance profiles of both species of Vibrio. The observed high multiple drug resistance of V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus from blue crab and its environment is of public health concern. Therefore, there is a need for frequent antibiotic sensitivity surveillance for Vibrio spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia V da Silva
- Department of Natural Sciences, CREST Center for the Integrated Study of Coastal Ecosystem Processes and Dynamics in the Mid-Atlantic Region, NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Sylvia Ossai
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, Food and Agricultural Sciences Program, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Paulinus Chigbu
- Department of Natural Sciences, CREST Center for the Integrated Study of Coastal Ecosystem Processes and Dynamics in the Mid-Atlantic Region, NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Salina Parveen
- Department of Natural Sciences, CREST Center for the Integrated Study of Coastal Ecosystem Processes and Dynamics in the Mid-Atlantic Region, NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, United States.,Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, Food and Agricultural Sciences Program, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, United States
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7
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Chonsin K, Supha N, Nakajima C, Suzuki Y, Suthienkul O. Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from clinically asymptomatic seafood workers. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 368:6035238. [PMID: 33320939 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) is a major cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks in Thailand and other countries due to the consumption of contaminated and undercooked seafood. However, there have been few reports of the molecular epidemiology of VP isolates from asymptomatic seafood handlers. Here, we report the phenotypic and genetic characterization of 61 VP isolates obtained from asymptomatic workers in two seafood-processing plants. We found 24 O:K serotypes, of which O11:KUT, O1:KUT and O3:KUT were the dominant serotypes. Analysis by PCR showed that 12 isolates harbored either tdh or trh genes with the potential to be pathogenic VP strains. The presence of T3SS2α and T3SS2β genes was correlated with the presence of tdh and trh, respectively. Four tdh+ isolates were positive for pandemic marker. In this study, VP isolates were commonly resistant to ampicillin, cephazolin, fosfomycin and novobiocin. Phylogenetic analysis of VP1680 loci in 35 isolates from 17 asymptomatic workers, 6 gastroenteritis patients, 7 environmental samples and 5 genomes from a database showed 22 different alleles. Gene VP1680 was conserved in tdh+ isolates and pandemic strains, while that of trh + isolates was diverse. Asymptomatic workers carrying VP were the most likely source of contamination, which raises concerns over food safety in seafood-processing plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaknokrat Chonsin
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Suratthani Rajabhat University, Surat Thani 84100, Thailand
| | - Neunghatai Supha
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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8
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Narayanan SV, Joseph TC, Peeralil S, Mothadaka MP, Lalitha KV. Prevalence, Virulence Characterization, AMR Pattern and Genetic Relatedness of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates From Retail Seafood of Kerala, India. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:592. [PMID: 32318050 PMCID: PMC7154082 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a halophilic bacterium often found in the marine or estuarine environment is a well-known enteropathogen responsible for foodborne outbreaks associated with seafood. The pathogenic strains of V. parahaemolyticus are marked by the presence of thermostable direct hemoylsin (tdh) and/or TDH related hemolysin (trh) genes. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of potentially pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in selected retail markets of Cochin, Kerala, along the south-western coast of the Indian subcontinent. One hundred samples collected from 10 retail markets were analyzed for the presence of pathogenic isolates of V. parahaemolyticus. Out of the 721 presumptive isolates, 648 were confirmed to be V. parahaemolyticus by toxR gene amplification, among which 29 were Kanagawa phenomenon (KP) positive. Among these potentially pathogenic isolates, 17 possessed the tdh gene whereas none of them had the trh gene. The faint amplification bands produced during the amplification of tdh gene from two isolates was confirmed by sequencing. Multiplex O serotyping identified O1 serotype as the most prevalent serotype among the 29 potentially pathogenic isolates. Further, studies on the pandemic nature of these isolates revealed that 14 of the 29 were positive for the PGS-PCR, whereas all the isolates were negative for GS-PCR and HU-α PCR. The antibiogram of the isolates revealed that three isolates had significant Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index of 0.2 or above. Pathogenic isolates resistant to second, third and fourth generation Cephalosporins were found to be present in the seafood studied. The molecular fingerprinting studies using ERIC-PCR, and PFGE revealed that three of these isolates shared close genetic similarities with the clinical strains. The environmental and seafood isolates that produced faint amplification bands during the amplification of tdh gene suggests that the tdh gene often goes undetected in environmental isolates. The conventional methods used to identify the pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus would be good for clinical isolates, but a more elaborate method is recommended for the detection of tdh gene in environmental isolates. This is the first comprehensive study on pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in Kerala, India and demonstrates for the first time, the isolation of potentially pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus, carrying tdh gene from seafood collected from retail markets in Kerala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejith V Narayanan
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, India.,Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, India
| | - Toms C Joseph
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, India
| | - Shaheer Peeralil
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, India
| | - Mukteswar P Mothadaka
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, India
| | - Kuttanappilly V Lalitha
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, India
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9
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Alarcón Elvira F, Pardío Sedas VT, Martínez Herrera D, Quintana Castro R, Oliart Ros RM, López Hernández K, Flores Primo A, Ramírez Elvira K. Comparative Survival and the Cold-Induced Gene Expression of Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Vibrio Parahaemolyticus from Tropical Eastern Oysters during Cold Storage. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17061836. [PMID: 32178325 PMCID: PMC7143714 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the regulatory stress rpoS gene controls the transcription of cspA genes, which are involved in survival and adaptation to low temperatures. The purpose of this study was to assess the growth kinetics of naturally occurring V. parahaemolyticus in shellstock oysters and in vitro and the cold-shock-induced expression of the rpoS and cspA gene response in vitro during postharvest refrigeration. Naturally contaminated eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and pathogenic (Vp-tdh) and nonpathogenic (Vp-tlh) isolates were stored at 7 ± 1 °C for 168 h and 216 h, respectively. The regulatory stress (rpos) and cold-shock (cspA) gene expressions were determined by reverse transcription PCR. At 24 h, the (Vp-tdh) strain grew faster (p < 0.05) than the (Vp-tlh) strain in oysters (λ = 0.33, 0.39, respectively) and in vitro (λ = 0.89, 37.65, respectively), indicating a better adaptation to cold shock for the (Vp-tdh) strain in live oysters and in vitro. At 24 h, the (Vp-tdh) strain rpoS and cspA gene expressions were upregulated by 1.9 and 2.3-fold, respectively, but the (Vp-tlh) strain rpoS and cspA gene expressions were repressed and upregulated by -0.024 and 1.9-fold, respectively. The V. parahaemolyticus strains that were isolated from tropical oysters have adaptive expression changes to survive and grow at 7 °C, according to their virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Alarcón Elvira
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yáñez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Ver. CP 91710, Mexico; (F.A.E.); (D.M.H.); (K.L.H.); (A.F.P.); (K.R.E.)
| | - Violeta T. Pardío Sedas
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yáñez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Ver. CP 91710, Mexico; (F.A.E.); (D.M.H.); (K.L.H.); (A.F.P.); (K.R.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-229-9342075 (ext. 24125); Fax: +52-229-9342075 (ext. 24104)
| | - David Martínez Herrera
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yáñez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Ver. CP 91710, Mexico; (F.A.E.); (D.M.H.); (K.L.H.); (A.F.P.); (K.R.E.)
| | - Rodolfo Quintana Castro
- Facultad de Bioanálisis, Universidad Veracruzana, Calle Iturbide s/n, Col. Centro, Veracruz, Ver. CP 91700, Mexico;
| | - Rosa María Oliart Ros
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, Av. Miguel A. de Quevedo 2779, Veracruz, Ver. 91897, Mexico;
| | - Karla López Hernández
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yáñez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Ver. CP 91710, Mexico; (F.A.E.); (D.M.H.); (K.L.H.); (A.F.P.); (K.R.E.)
| | - Argel Flores Primo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yáñez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Ver. CP 91710, Mexico; (F.A.E.); (D.M.H.); (K.L.H.); (A.F.P.); (K.R.E.)
| | - Karen Ramírez Elvira
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yáñez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Ver. CP 91710, Mexico; (F.A.E.); (D.M.H.); (K.L.H.); (A.F.P.); (K.R.E.)
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Li Y, Yin HQ, Xia J, Luo H, Wang MY. Population structure and genetic diversity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from a coastal area of China based on a multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) scheme. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2019; 112:1199-1211. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-019-01252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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11
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Han D, Yu F, Chen X, Zhang R, Li J. Challenges in Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections caused by the pandemic clone. Future Microbiol 2019; 14:437-450. [PMID: 30855189 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2018-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus infections caused by the pandemic clone have become a global public health issue. The pandemic clone includes over ten sequence types and 49 serotypes. Several markers such as toxRS/new, orf8 and genomic islands were considered specific for pandemic strains, but subsequent studies later confirmed a lack of specificity. Thus, identifying stable indicators for the pandemic clone is still an open question. In recent years, several environmental pandemic strains are growing, constituting a new threat to seafood safety and human health. Traditional methods show limited discrimination in studying the microevolution of pandemic strains. For example, multilocus sequence typing divides many pandemic strains into ST3 type, making it difficult to further distinguish the variability within ST3 strains from different contexts. When using a whole genome sequencing-based technique, strains including those with the same sequence type, could be well separated. Whole genome sequencing-based technology also played important roles in dissecting the evolution process and revealing the mechanism underlying rapid serotype conversion within pandemic strains. In addition, the emergence of multiple-antibiotic resistant pandemic strains needs attention. Altogether, we are facing many challenges posed by pandemic V. parahaemolyticus strains, which need to be resolved in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Han
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical In Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical In Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinming Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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12
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Zhou M, Chen W, Shi C, Wang H, Shi X. Combination of Multilocus Sequence Typing and GS-PCR Reveals an Association of Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus Clone with Clinical and Seafood Isolates. J Food Sci 2018; 83:2536-2543. [PMID: 30256419 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a global leading cause of seafood-borne bacterial gastroenteritis. Clinical, seafood, and environmental V. parahaemolyticus isolates from the eastern coast of China were analyzed for their virulence, and for phenotypic and molecular traits. The frequency of pandemic isolates was 50.9% among clinical isolates and 42.8% among seafood isolates as confirmed by group-specific polymerase chain reaction (GS-PCR). Serological analysis indicated that O3:K6, O1:K25, O1:KUT, O3:K68, and O4:K68 were the predominant serotypes among these pandemic isolates. It is worth noting that the pandemic serotypes were not exclusively identified from clinical samples. Rather, they were also isolated from seafood samples. It was also shown by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) typing that isolates from clinical (59), seafood (28), and environmental samples (18) were grouped into 17, 23, and 17 sequence types (STs), respectively. We updated 17 STs in the MLST database. ST-3 and ST-189 were the dominant ones among clinical isolates. Interestingly, ST-3 was also the most abundant among seafood isolates, and represented a significant risk to food safety due to the clear association with tdh and the GS-PCR marker. A minimum-evolution (ME) tree generated from the concatenated sequences of the 7 loci of the 54 STs uncovered phylogenetic relationships between seafood and clinical isolates. The MLST results also indicated a high degree of nucleotide diversity in recA that had the greatest influence on the phylogenetic relationships. Our findings provided new insight into the phylogenic relationship among pandemic V. parahaemolyticus isolates from various samples and enhanced the MLST database as well as microbiological risk assessment. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Pandemic V. parahaemolyticus isolates have become a serious public health concern. This study demonstrated the characteristics of clinical and seafood V. parahaemolyticus isolates, and determined the phylogenetic relatedness among them. These results can be used for microbiological risk assessment in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic Univ., Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Wanyi Chen
- Mérieux NutriSciences China, Sino Silliker Testing Services (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200231, China
| | - Chunlei Shi
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology & State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hongxun Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic Univ., Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Xianming Shi
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology & State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, 200240, China
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13
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Beshiru A, Igbinosa EO. Characterization of extracellular virulence properties and biofilm-formation capacity of Vibrio species recovered from ready-to-eat (RTE) shrimps. Microb Pathog 2018; 119:93-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Wang H, Tang X, Su YC, Chen J, Yan J. Characterization of clinical Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains in Zhoushan, China, from 2013 to 2014. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180335. [PMID: 28678810 PMCID: PMC5498046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is recognized as major cause of foodborne illness of global public health concern. This study collected 107 strains of V. parahaemolyticus during active surveillance of diarrheal diseases in hospitals in Zhoushan during 2013 to 2014 and investigated their serotypes, virulence genes (tdh, trh, and orf8), antimicrobial resistance, and genotypes. The dominant serotypes of the 107 clinical strains were O3:K6, O4:K8, and O4:KUT with 87.9% and 3.7% of the strains carrying the virulence genes tdh and trh, respectively. Molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis indicated divergence among the clinical strains. Most isolates were sensitive to the common antimicrobial agents used against the Vibrio species except ampicillin. We conclude that continuous surveillance of V. parahaemolyticus in diarrhea patients is a public health priority and is useful for conducting risk assessment of foodborne illnesses caused by V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
- Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xiaoyang Tang
- Food Safety Research Center, Central Research Institute, MasterKong Holding, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Su
- Seafood Research and Education Center, Oregon State University, Astoria, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jiabei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
- Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianbo Yan
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
- Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Li J, Xue F, Yang Z, Zhang X, Zeng D, Chao G, Jiang Y, Li B. Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strains of Pandemic Serotypes Identified from Clinical and Environmental Samples from Jiangsu, China. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:787. [PMID: 27303379 PMCID: PMC4885827 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus has emerged as a major foodborne pathogen in China, Japan, Thailand, and other Asian countries. In this study, 72 strains of V. parahaemolyticus were isolated from clinical and environmental samples between 2006 and 2014 in Jiangsu, China. The serotypes and six virulence genes including thermostable direct hemolysin (TDR) and TDR-related hemolysin (TRH) genes were assessed among the isolates. Twenty five serotypes were identified and O3:K6 was one of the dominant serotypes. The genetic diversity was assessed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, and 48 sequence types (STs) were found, suggesting this V. parahaemolyticus group is widely dispersed and undergoing rapid evolution. A total of 25 strains of pandemic serotypes such as O3:K6, O5:K17, and O1:KUT were identified. It is worth noting that the pandemic serotypes were not exclusively identified from clinical samples, rather, nine strains were also isolated from environmental samples; and some of these strains harbored several virulence genes, which may render those strains pathogenicity potential. Therefore, the emergence of these "environmental" pandemic V. parahaemolyticus strains may poses a new threat to the public health in China. Furthermore, six novel serotypes and 34 novel STs were identified among the 72 isolates, indicating that V. parahaemolyticus were widely distributed and fast evolving in the environment in Jiangsu, China. The findings of this study provide new insight into the phylogenic relationship between V. parahaemolyticus strains of pandemic serotypes from clinical and environmental sources and enhance the MLST database; and our proposed possible O- and K- antigen evolving paths of V. parahaemolyticus may help understand how the serotypes of this dispersed bacterial population evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjiao Li
- Animal Quarantine Laboratory, Jiangsu Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine BureauNanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Feng Xue
- Animal Quarantine Laboratory, Jiangsu Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenquan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University Yanghzou, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Beijing Kemufeng Biopharmaceutical Company Beijing, China
| | - Dexin Zeng
- Animal Quarantine Laboratory, Jiangsu Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Nanjing, China
| | - Guoxiang Chao
- Yangzhou Key Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Yanghzou, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Animal Quarantine Laboratory, Jiangsu Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Nanjing, China
| | - Baoguang Li
- Division of Molecular Biology, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration Laurel, MD, USA
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Virulence Factors and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated from the Oyster Crassostrea gigas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5657/kfas.2016.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Han C, Tang H, Ren C, Zhu X, Han D. Sero-Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Pandemic V. parahaemolyticus Strains Occurring at a Global Scale. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:567. [PMID: 27148244 PMCID: PMC4840284 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an emerging public health concern as it has caused numerous gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. Currently, the absence of a global overview of the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of pandemic strains restricts our overall understanding of these strains, especially for environmental strains. To generate a global picture of the sero-prevalence and genetic diversity of pandemic V. parahaemolyticus, pandemic isolates from worldwide collections were selected and analyzed in this study. After a thorough analysis, we found that the pandemic isolates represented 49 serotypes, which are widely distributed in 22 countries across four continents (Asia, Europe, America and Africa). All of these serotypes were detected in clinical isolates but only nine in environmental isolates. O3:K6 was the most widely disseminated serotype, followed by O3:KUT, while the others were largely restricted to certain countries. The countries with the most abundant pandemic serotypes were China (26 serotypes), India (24 serotypes), Thailand (15 serotypes) and Vietnam (10 serotypes). Based on MLST analysis, 14 sequence types (STs) were identified among the pandemic strains, nine of which fell within clonal complex (CC) 3. ST3 and ST305 were the only two STs that have been reported in environmental pandemic strains. Pandemic ST3 has caused a wide range of infections in as many as 16 countries. Substantial serotypic diversity was mainly observed among isolates within pandemic ST3, including as many as 12 combinations of O/K serotypes. At the allele level, the dtdS and pntA, two loci that perfectly conserved in CC3, displayed a degree of polymorphism in some pandemic strains. In conclusion, we provide a comprehensive understanding of sero-prevalence and genetic differentiation of clinical and environmental pandemic isolates collected from around the world. Although, further studies are needed to delineate the specific mechanisms by which the pandemic strains evolve and spread, the findings in this study are helpful when seeking countermeasures to reduce the spread of V. parahaemolyticus in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxu Han
- Clinical Medical Examination Center, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Yangzhou, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Experimental Research Center, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Yangzhou, China
| | - Chuanli Ren
- Clinical Medical Examination Center, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhu
- Clinical Medical Examination Center, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Yangzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Han
- Clinical Medical Examination Center, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Yangzhou, China
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Lou Y, Liu H, Zhang Z, Pan Y, Zhao Y. Mismatch between antimicrobial resistance phenotype and genotype of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from seafood. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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19
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Alaboudi AR, Ababneh M, Osaili TM, Shloul KA. Detection, Identification, and Prevalence of PathogenicVibrio parahaemolyticusin Fish and Coastal Environment in Jordan. J Food Sci 2015; 81:M130-4. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akram R. Alaboudi
- Dept. of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Jordan Univ. of Science and Technology; P.O. Box (3030) Irbid 22110 Jordan
| | - Mustafa Ababneh
- Dept. of Basic Medical Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan Univ. of Science and Technology; P.O. Box (3030) Irbid 22110 Jordan
| | - Tareq M. Osaili
- Dept. of Nutrition and Food Technology; Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan Univ. of Science and Technology; P.O. Box (3030) Irbid 22110 Jordan
| | - Khalaf Al Shloul
- Dept. of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Jordan Univ. of Science and Technology; P.O. Box (3030) Irbid 22110 Jordan
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20
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Liao Y, Li Y, Wu S, Mou J, Xu Z, Cui R, Klena JD, Shi X, Lu Y, Qiu Y, Lin Y, Xie X, Ma H, Li Z, Yu H, Varma JK, Ran L, Hu Q, Cheng J. Risk Factors for Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection in a Southern Coastal Region of China. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2015; 12:881-6. [PMID: 26287765 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study were to identify dietary and medical risk factors for Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) infection in the coastal city Shenzhen in China. METHODS In April-October 2012, we conducted a case-control study in two hospitals in Shenzhen, China. Laboratory-confirmed VP cases (N = 83) were matched on age, sex, and other social factors to healthy controls (N = 249). Subjects were interviewed using a questionnaire on medical history; contact with seawater; clinical symptoms and outcome; travel history over the past week; and dietary history 3 days prior to onset. Laboratory tests were used to culture, serotype, and genotype VP strains. We used logistic regression to calculate the odds ratios for the association of VP infection with potential risk factors. RESULTS In multivariate analysis, VP infection was associated with having pre-existing chronic disease (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 6.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-23.7), eating undercooked seafood (aOR, 8.0; 95% CI, 1.3-50.4), eating undercooked meat (aOR, 29.1; 95% CI, 3.0-278.2), eating food from a street food vendor (aOR, 7.6; 95% CI, 3.3-17.6), and eating vegetable salad (aOR, 12.1; 95% CI, 5.2-28.2). CONCLUSIONS Eating raw (undercooked) seafood and meat is an important source of VP infection among the study population. Cross-contamination of VP in other food (e.g., vegetables and undercooked meat) likely plays a more important role. Intervention should be taken to lower the risks of cross-contamination with undercooked seafood/meat, especially targeted at people with low income, transient workers, and people with medical risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxue Liao
- 1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Li
- 1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyu Wu
- 2 International Emerging Infections Program, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing, People's Republic of China .,3 Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jin Mou
- 1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengkang Xu
- 4 Xixiang People's Hospital , Baoan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rilin Cui
- 4 Xixiang People's Hospital , Baoan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - John D Klena
- 2 International Emerging Infections Program, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing, People's Republic of China .,3 Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Xiaolu Shi
- 1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lu
- 1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqun Qiu
- 1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiman Lin
- 1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Xie
- 1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanwu Ma
- 1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjie Li
- 5 Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjie Yu
- 5 Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jay K Varma
- 3 Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lu Ran
- 5 Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- 1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinquan Cheng
- 1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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Esteves K, Mosser T, Aujoulat F, Hervio-Heath D, Monfort P, Jumas-Bilak E. Highly diverse recombining populations of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in French Mediterranean coastal lagoons. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:708. [PMID: 26236294 PMCID: PMC4503927 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae are ubiquitous to estuarine and marine environments. These two species found in Mediterranean coastal systems can induce infections in humans. Environmental isolates of V. cholerae (n = 109) and V. parahaemolyticus (n = 89) sampled at different dates, stations and water salinities were investigated for virulence genes and by a multilocus sequence-based analysis (MLSA). V. cholerae isolates were all ctxA negative and only one isolate of V. parahaemolyticus displayed trh2 gene. Most Sequence Types (ST) corresponded to unique ST isolated at one date or one station. Frequent recombination events were detected among different pathogenic species, V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae, Vibrio mimicus, and Vibrio metoecus. Recombination had a major impact on the diversification of lineages. The genetic diversity assessed by the number of ST/strain was higher in low salinity condition for V. parahaemolyticus and V. cholerae whereas the frequency of recombination events in V. cholerae was lower in low salinity condition. Mediterranean coastal lagoon systems housed V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus with genetic diversities equivalent to the worldwide diversity described so far. The presence of STs found in human infections as well as the frequency of recombination events in environmental vibrios populations could predict a potential epidemiological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Esteves
- Team "Pathogènes Hydriques Santé, Environnements", HydroSciences Montpellier, UMR 5569, Centre National de la Recherche, IRD, Université de Montpellier Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Mosser
- Team "Pathogènes Hydriques Santé, Environnements", HydroSciences Montpellier, UMR 5569, Centre National de la Recherche, IRD, Université de Montpellier Montpellier, France
| | - Fabien Aujoulat
- Team "Pathogènes Hydriques Santé, Environnements", HydroSciences Montpellier, UMR 5569, Centre National de la Recherche, IRD, Université de Montpellier Montpellier, France
| | | | - Patrick Monfort
- Team "Pathogènes Hydriques Santé, Environnements", HydroSciences Montpellier, UMR 5569, Centre National de la Recherche, IRD, Université de Montpellier Montpellier, France
| | - Estelle Jumas-Bilak
- Team "Pathogènes Hydriques Santé, Environnements", HydroSciences Montpellier, UMR 5569, Centre National de la Recherche, IRD, Université de Montpellier Montpellier, France ; Département d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, France
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22
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Han D, Tang H, Ren C, Wang G, Zhou L, Han C. Prevalence and genetic diversity of clinical Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from China, revealed by multilocus sequence typing scheme. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:291. [PMID: 25914691 PMCID: PMC4391058 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The population structure of clinical Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates spreading in China remains undefined. We brought 218 clinical isolates from the pubMLST database originating from different regions of China collected since the year of 1990, analyzed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), to elucidate the prevalence and genetic diversity of V. parahaemolyticus circulating in Chinese population. The MLST scheme produced 137 sequence types (STs). These STs were clustered into six clonal complexes (CCs), six doublets, and 91 singletons, exhibiting a high level of genetic diversity. However, less diversity was displayed on the peptide level: only 46 different peptide sequence type (pST) were generated, with pST2 (44.0%, 96/218) and pST1 (15.1%, 33/218) the predominant. Further analysis confirmed all the pSTs belong to a single complex founded by pST1, pST2, pST3, and pST4. recA presented the highest degree of nucleotide diversity (0.026) and the largest number of variable sites (176) on the nucleotide level. pyrC was the most diverse locus on the peptide level, possessing the highest percentage of variable sites (9.2%, 15/163). Significant linkage disequilibrium with the alleles was detected when the Standardized Index of Association (ISA) was calculated both for the entire isolates collection (0.7169, P < 0.01) and for the 137 STs (ISA = 0.2648, P < 0.01). In conclusion, we provide an overview of prevalence and genetic diversity of clinical V. parahaemolyticus spreading in Chinese population using MLST analysis. The results would offer genetic evidences for uncovering the microevolution relationship of V. parahaemolyticus populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Han
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Medical Examination Center, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Yangzhou, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Biobank, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Yangzhou, China
| | - Chuanli Ren
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Medical Examination Center, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Yangzhou, China
| | - Guangzhou Wang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Medical Examination Center, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Yangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Medical Examination Center, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Yangzhou, China
| | - Chongxu Han
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Medical Examination Center, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Yangzhou, China
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de Jesús Hernández-Díaz L, Leon-Sicairos N, Velazquez-Roman J, Flores-Villaseñor H, Guadron-Llanos AM, Martinez-Garcia JJ, Vidal JE, Canizalez-Roman A. A pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 clone causing most associated diarrhea cases in the Pacific Northwest coast of Mexico. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:221. [PMID: 25852677 PMCID: PMC4371747 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Between September and October of 2004, more than 1230 cases of gastroenteritis due to pandemic O3:K6 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) were reported in the relatively small geographical area of Southern Sinaloa, a state located in Northwest Mexico. Since then, V. parahaemolyticus-associated gastroenteritis cases have gradually increased in prevalence spreading from south to north. The present study conducted an epidemiological surveillance of V. parahaemolyticus strains in both environmental and clinical samples along the Pacific coast of Sinaloa from 2011 to 2013. The genetic relatedness, serotype dominance and antibiotic resistance of isolates were investigated. A total of 46 strains were isolated from environmental samples (e.g., sediment, seawater and shrimp), whereas 249 strains were obtained from stools of patients with gastroenteritis. Nine different O serogroups and 16 serovars were identified. Serovars O3:K6 and O6:K46 were identified in both environmental and clinical strains. Whereas most environmental isolates carried the tdh gene (71.74%, 33/46), only three (6.52%) belonged to pandemic clones (O3:K6, O3:KUT and OUT:KUT). In contrast, 81.1% (202/249) of clinical isolates belonged to pandemic serotypes, with O3:K6 (tdh, toxRS/new, and/or orf8) representing the predominant serovar (97%, 196/202). This prevalence of pathogenic (tdh and/or trh positive) and O3:K6 pandemic V. parahaemolyticus isolates in this study were similar to those found from 2004 to 2010. As investigated by REP-PCR, genetic lineages of selected O3:K6 strains isolated in this study and some isolated earlier were nearly identical. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that most strains (93.8%) were resistant to ampicillin but sensitive to chloramphenicol (98.8%). Multidrug resistance significantly increased from 8.6% (2004-2010) to 22.93% (2011-2013; p < 0.05). Our data indicate that pandemic O3:K6 clone has endemically established in the Pacific Coast of Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio de Jesús Hernández-Díaz
- Regional Doctorate Program in Biotechnology, School of Biological Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Nidia Leon-Sicairos
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico ; Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - J Javier Martinez-Garcia
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico ; Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Jorge E Vidal
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adrián Canizalez-Roman
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico ; The Sinaloa State Public Health Laboratory, Secretariat of Health Culiacán, Mexico
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Wang R, Zhong Y, Gu X, Yuan J, Saeed AF, Wang S. The pathogenesis, detection, and prevention of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:144. [PMID: 25798132 PMCID: PMC4350439 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a Gram-negative motile bacterium that inhabits marine and estuarine environments throughout the world, is a major food-borne pathogen that causes life-threatening diseases in humans after the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood. The global occurrence of V. parahaemolyticus accentuates the importance of investigating its virulence factors and their effects on the human host. This review describes the virulence factors of V. parahaemolyticus reported to date, including hemolysin, urease, two type III secretion systems and two type VI secretion systems, which both cause both cytotoxicity in cultured cells and enterotoxicity in animal models. We describe various types of detection methods, based on virulence factors, that are used for quantitative detection of V. parahaemolyticus in seafood. We also discuss some useful preventive measures and therapeutic strategies for the diseases mediated by V. parahaemolyticus, which can reduce, to some extent, the damage to humans and aquatic animals attributable to V. parahaemolyticus. This review extends our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of V. parahaemolyticus mediated by virulence factors and the diseases it causes in its human host. It should provide new insights for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of V. parahaemolyticus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| | - Abdullah F Saeed
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| | - Shihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
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25
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López-Hernández KM, Pardío-Sedas VT, Lizárraga-Partida L, Williams JDJ, Martínez-Herrera D, Flores-Primo A, Uscanga-Serrano R, Rendón-Castro K. Environmental parameters influence on the dynamics of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus densities in Crassostrea virginica harvested from Mexico's Gulf coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 91:317-329. [PMID: 25510545 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of environmental parameters on the total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus seasonal densities in American oysters (Crassostrea virginica) was evaluated for 1 year. Harvesting site A yielded the highest mean densities of V. parahaemolyticus tlh+, tdh+/trh-, tdh-/trh+ and tdh+/trh+ during spring season at 2.57, 1.74, 0.36, and -0.40 log10 MPN/g, respectively, and tdh+/orf8+ during winter season (0.90 log10 MPN/g). V. parahaemolyticus tlh+ densities were associated to salinity (R(2)=0.372, P<0.022), tdh+/trh+ to turbidity (R(2)=0.597, P<0.035), and orf8+ to temperature, salinity, and pH (R(2)=0.964, P<0.001). The exposure to salinity and temperature conditions during winter and spring seasons regulated the dynamics of V. parahaemolyticus harboring potentially pathogenic genotypes within the oyster. The adaptive response of V. parahaemolyticus to seasonal environmental changes may lead to an increase in survival and virulence, threatening the seafood safety and increasing the risk of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla M López-Hernández
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yañez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz CP 91710, Mexico
| | - Violeta T Pardío-Sedas
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yañez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz CP 91710, Mexico.
| | - Leonardo Lizárraga-Partida
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California CP 22860, Mexico
| | - José de J Williams
- Dirección General de Desarrollo Académico, Edificio Central-Rectoría, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán CP 97000, Mexico
| | - David Martínez-Herrera
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yañez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz CP 91710, Mexico
| | - Argel Flores-Primo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yañez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz CP 91710, Mexico
| | - Roxana Uscanga-Serrano
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yañez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz CP 91710, Mexico
| | - Karla Rendón-Castro
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yañez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz CP 91710, Mexico
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26
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Li B, Luo J, Tan H, Ke B, He D, Ke C, Klena JD, Zhang Y. Phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates recovered from diarrhea cases in Guangdong Province, China. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 200:13-7. [PMID: 25662708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus has emerged as a common foodborne pathogen of global concern. In this study, 108 V. parahaemolyticus isolates that recovered from diarrhea cases (n=96) and seafood products (n=12) in Guangdong Province from 2007 to 2011 were characterized by serotyping, tdh and trh toxin gene detection and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The dominant serotypes from the cases were O3:K6, O4:K8 and O1: KUT (untyped). However, most isolates recovered from seafood products belonged to other serotypes. None of the isolates carried the trh gene, while the major isolates from the cases were tdh positive. MLST analysis revealed 31 sequence types (STs); 17 STs were unique in this study. eBURST analysis revealed four clonal complexes (CC), The majority of the isolates (n=58, all from cases and tdh+) were grouped into the CC3, which included O3:K6, O4:K68 and O1:KUT isolates. The CC3 was the most prevalent clonal complex, and all of the CC3 isolates were recovered from clinical cases of geographically diverse origin. As to the CC345, which was completely constituted by O4:K8, was another important clonal complex affecting Guangdong Province. Ongoing surveillance of V. parahaemolyticus in diarrhea patients and seafood products remains a public health priority for Guangdong Province, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baisheng Li
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jinyan Luo
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanshan, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hailing Tan
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bixia Ke
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dongmei He
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China
| | - Changwen Ke
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China
| | - John D Klena
- Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; International Emerging Infections Program, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China.
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27
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El-Malah SS, Yang Z, Hu M, Li Q, Pan Z, Jiao X. Vibrio parahaemolyticus strengthens their virulence through modulation of cellular reactive oxygen species in vitro. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4:168. [PMID: 25566508 PMCID: PMC4269196 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) is one of the emergent food-borne pathogens that are commensally associated with various shellfish species throughout the world. It is strictly environmental and many strains are pathogenic to humans. The virulent strains cause distinct diseases, including wound infections, septicemia, and most commonly, acute gastroenteritis, which is acquired through the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood, especially shellfish. Vp has two type three secretion systems (T3SSs), which triggering its cytotoxicity and enterotoxicity via their effectors. To better understand the pathogenesis of Vp, we established a cell infection model in vitro using a non-phagocytic cell line. Caco-2 cells were infected with different strains of Vp (pandemic and non-pandemic strains) and several parameters of cytotoxicity were measured together with adhesion and invasion indices, which reflect the pathogen's virulence. Our results show that Vp adheres to cell monolayers and can invade non-phagocytic cells. It also survives and persists in non-phagocytic cells by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), allowing its replication, and resulting in complete cellular destruction. We conclude that the pathogenicity of Vp is based on its capacities for adhesion and invasion. Surprisingly's; enhanced of ROS resistance period could promote the survival of Vp inside the intestinal tract, facilitating tissue infection by repressing the host's oxidative stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa S El-Malah
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhenquan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University Yangzhou, China ; College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou, China
| | - Maozhi Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University Yangzhou, China ; Testing Center, Yangzhou University Yangzhou, China
| | - Qiuchun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University Yangzhou, China
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28
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Letchumanan V, Chan KG, Lee LH. Vibrio parahaemolyticus: a review on the pathogenesis, prevalence, and advance molecular identification techniques. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:705. [PMID: 25566219 PMCID: PMC4263241 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram-negative halophilic bacterium that is found in estuarine, marine and coastal environments. V. parahaemolyticus is the leading causal agent of human acute gastroenteritis following the consumption of raw, undercooked, or mishandled marine products. In rare cases, V. parahaemolyticus causes wound infection, ear infection or septicaemia in individuals with pre-existing medical conditions. V. parahaemolyticus has two hemolysins virulence factors that are thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh)-a pore-forming protein that contributes to the invasiveness of the bacterium in humans, and TDH-related hemolysin (trh), which plays a similar role as tdh in the disease pathogenesis. In addition, the bacterium is also encodes for adhesions and type III secretion systems (T3SS1 and T3SS2) to ensure its survival in the environment. This review aims at discussing the V. parahaemolyticus growth and characteristics, pathogenesis, prevalence and advances in molecular identification techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vengadesh Letchumanan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Bandar Sunway, Malaysia ; Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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29
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Flores-Primo A, Pardío-Sedas V, Lizárraga-Partida L, López-Hernández K, Uscanga-Serrano R, Flores-Hernández R. Seasonal abundance of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from American oysters harvested in the Mandinga Lagoon System, Veracruz, Mexico: implications for food safety. J Food Prot 2014; 77:1069-77. [PMID: 24988011 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The abundance of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) strains in American oysters (Crassostrea virginica) harvested in two different harvest sites from the Mandinga lagoon System was evaluated monthly for 1 year (January through December 2012). Frequencies of species-specific genes and pathogenic genes exhibited a seasonal distribution. The annual occurrence of Vp with the species-specific tlh gene (tlh(+)) was significantly higher during the winter windy season (32.50%) and spring dry season (15.0%), with the highest densities observed during spring dry season at 283.50 most probable number (MPN)/g (lagoon bank A, near human settlements), indicating the highest risk of infection during warmer months. Pathogenic Vp tlh(+)/tdh(+) frequency was significantly higher during the winter windy and the spring dry seasons at 22.50 and 10.00%, respectively, with highest densities of 16.22 and 41.05 MPN/g (bank A), respectively. The tlh/trh and tdh/trh gene combinations were also found in Vp isolates during the spring dry season at 1.25 and 1.3%, respectively, with densities of 1.79 and 0.4 MPN/g (bank A), respectively. The orf8 genes were detected during the winter windy season (1.25%) with highest densities of 5.96 MPN/g (bank A) and 3.21 MPN/g (bank B, near mangrove islands and a heron nesting area). Densities of Vp tdh(+) were correlated (R(2) = 0.245, P < 0.015) with those of Vp orf8(+). The seasonal dynamics of Vp harboring pathogenic genes varied with seasonal changes, with very high proportions of Vp tdh(+) and Vp orf8(+) isolates in the winter windy season at 46.2 and 17.0%, respectively, which suggests that environmental factors may differentially affect the abundance of pathogenic subpopulations. Although all densities of total Vp (Vp tlh(+)) were lower than 10(4) MPN/g, thus complying with Mexican regulations, the presence of pathogenic strains is a public health concern. Our results suggest that total Vp densities may not be appropriate for assessing oyster contamination and predicting the risk of infection. Evaluation of the presence of pathogenic strains would be a better approach to protecting public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argel Flores-Primo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Veracruzana, Avenida Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esquina Yáñez, Colonia Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Veracruz, México 91710
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30
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Tang X, Zhao Y, Sun X, Xie J, Pan Y, Malakar PK. Predictive model of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 growth on cooked Litopenaeus vannamei. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0884-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Zhang H, Sun S, Shi W, Cui L, Gu Q. Serotype, virulence, and genetic traits of foodborne and clinical Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates in Shanghai, China. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 10:796-804. [PMID: 23988077 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major foodborne pathogen in China and other countries. In this study, a total of 578 clinical V. parahaemolyticus strains and 51 foodborne strains were isolated during the period from 2009 to 2011 in the eastern coastal city of Shanghai, China. Their serotypes, virulence genes, pandemic traits, and genotyping were investigated. A total of nine O groups and 20 K types were identified by serological analysis of all isolates. Six different O groups and 14 different K types were detected among the 578 clinical strains. Eight different O groups and five K types were detected among the 51 foodborne strains. The O3:K6 serotype was the dominant serotype. A total of 200 representative clinical strains and 51 foodborne isolates were analyzed for virulence genes, pandemic traits, and genotyping. Of the clinical strains, 92.5% had the virulence genes tdh and/or trh. Four foodborne isolates had virulence genes; one trh-positive strain was O3:K6 and three tdh-positive strains were either O4:KUT or O3:KUT. Molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis also showed divergence among the nonpandemic strains, although the pandemic strains formed a cluster. These results suggest high serodiversity and genetic diversity of V. parahaemolyticus. Pathogenic isolates were present in food, thus representing a public health risk and warranting epidemiological and ecological monitoring to ensure safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Zhang
- Department of Health Detection, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
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32
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Haley BJ, Kokashvili T, Tskshvediani A, Janelidze N, Mitaishvili N, Grim CJ, Constantin de Magny G, Chen AJ, Taviani E, Eliashvili T, Tediashvili M, Whitehouse CA, Colwell RR, Huq A. Molecular diversity and predictability of Vibrio parahaemolyticus along the Georgian coastal zone of the Black Sea. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:45. [PMID: 24575085 PMCID: PMC3918589 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a leading cause of seafood-related gastroenteritis and is also an autochthonous member of marine and estuarine environments worldwide. One-hundred seventy strains of V. parahaemolyticus were isolated from water and plankton samples collected along the Georgian coast of the Black Sea during 28 months of sample collection. All isolated strains were tested for presence of tlh, trh, and tdh. A subset of strains were serotyped and tested for additional factors and markers of pandemicity. Twenty-six serotypes, five of which are clinically relevant, were identified. Although all 170 isolates were negative for tdh, trh, and the Kanagawa Phenomenon, 7 possessed the GS-PCR sequence and 27 the 850 bp sequence of V. parahaemolyticus pandemic strains. The V. parahaemolyticus population in the Black Sea was estimated to be genomically heterogeneous by rep-PCR and the serodiversity observed did not correlate with rep-PCR genomic diversity. Statistical modeling was used to predict presence of V. parahaemolyticus as a function of water temperature, with strongest concordance observed for Green Cape site samples (Percent of total variance = 70, P < 0.001). Results demonstrate a diverse population of V. parahaemolyticus in the Black Sea, some of which carry pandemic markers, with increased water temperature correlated to an increase in abundance of V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradd J Haley
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
| | - Tamar Kokashvili
- George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Ana Tskshvediani
- George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nino Janelidze
- George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nino Mitaishvili
- George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Christopher J Grim
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA ; University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Sciences, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Arlene J Chen
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
| | - Elisa Taviani
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
| | - Tamar Eliashvili
- George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Marina Tediashvili
- George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Chris A Whitehouse
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Rita R Colwell
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA ; University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Sciences, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA ; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA ; CosmosID™ College Park, MD, USA
| | - Anwar Huq
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA ; School of Public Health, Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
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Ceccarelli D, Hasan NA, Huq A, Colwell RR. Distribution and dynamics of epidemic and pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus virulence factors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013; 3:97. [PMID: 24377090 PMCID: PMC3858888 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, autochthonous to estuarine, marine, and coastal environments throughout the world, is the causative agent of food-borne gastroenteritis. More than 80 serotypes have been described worldwide, based on antigenic properties of the somatic (O) and capsular (K) antigens. Serovar O3:K6 emerged in India in 1996 and subsequently was isolated worldwide, leading to the conclusion that the first V. parahaemolyticus pandemic had taken place. Most strains of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from the environment or seafood, in contrast to clinical strains, do not produce a thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and/or a TDH-related hemolysin (TRH). Type 3 secretion systems (T3SSs), needle-like apparatuses able to deliver bacterial effectors into host cytoplasm, were identified as triggering cytotoxicity and enterotoxicity. Type 6 secretion systems (T6SS) predicted to be involved in intracellular trafficking and vesicular transport appear to play a role in V. parahaemolyticus virulence. Recent advances in V. parahaemolyticus genomics identified several pathogenicity islands (VpaIs) located on either chromosome in both epidemic and pandemic strains and comprising additional colonization factors, such as restriction-modification complexes, chemotaxis proteins, classical bacterial surface virulence factors, and putative colicins. Furthermore, studies indicate strains lacking toxins and genomic regions associated with pathogenicity may also be pathogenic, suggesting other important virulence factors remain to be identified. The unique repertoire of virulence factors identified to date, their occurrence and distribution in both epidemic and pandemic strains worldwide are described, with the aim of highlighting the complexity of V. parahaemolyticus pathogenicity as well as its dynamic genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ceccarelli
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
| | - Nur A Hasan
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA ; CosmosID Inc. College Park, MD, USA
| | - Anwar Huq
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA ; Maryland Institute of Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
| | - Rita R Colwell
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA ; CosmosID Inc. College Park, MD, USA ; Maryland Institute of Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA ; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
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Molecular characterization of clinical and environmental Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates in Taiwan. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 165:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Qu M, Deng Y, Zhang X, Liu G, Huang Y, Lin C, Li J, Yan H, Li X, Jia L, Kan B, Huang F, Wang Q. Etiology of acute diarrhea due to enteropathogenic bacteria in Beijing, China. J Infect 2012; 65:214-22. [PMID: 22546618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute diarrhea is of great concern due to considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. The causative bacteria leading to acute diarrhea in general population remains unclear in China. This study was conducted to determine the etiology of acute diarrhea using a sentinel hospital-based surveillance network in Beijing. METHODS Active surveillance was implemented from April 2010 to December 2011 on two random days per week by enrolling every tenth diarrheal patients admitted to seventeen intestinal clinics. Shigella spp., Vibrio spp, Salmonella spp., diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and other genera of bacteria, were investigated from 4803 outpatients with acute diarrhea by microbiological methods. RESULTS The pathogenic bacteria recovered out from fecal samples of 968 (20.2%) patients had the following profile: Shigella spp. (5.9%) was the most prevalent pathogen, Vibrio parahaemolyticus (5.2%), Salmonella spp. (3.9%) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) (0.9%) had from the second to fourth highest prevalence, respectively. Of the 55 co-infections detected, V. parahaemolyticus was the most common pathogen from 28 cases (50.9%), with the main combination of V. parahaemolyticus and Salmonella. The highest proportion of all causative bacteria was found in adults aged 20-39 year and in summer as well as early autumn. The clinical symptoms associated with specific bacterial infection, such as fever, abdominal pain, tenesmus, nausea, vomiting, and watery and bloody stool, were observed frequently in diarrheal patients. CONCLUSION Shigella spp., V. parahaemolyticus, Salmonella spp., and EPEC are important enteropathogenic bacteria causing acute diarrhea in Beijing. To execute reasonable interventions, the comprehensive and continuous surveillance is needed to identify the prevalence of different enteropathogeic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Qu
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.16, He Pingli Middle Street, Beijing 100013, China
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Bisha B, Simonson J, Janes M, Bauman K, Goodridge LD. A review of the current status of cultural and rapid detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.02950.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Association of pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 present in the coastal environment of Northwest Mexico with cases of recurrent diarrhea between 2004 and 2010. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:1794-803. [PMID: 22247160 DOI: 10.1128/aem.06953-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2004, more than 1,230 cases of gastroenteritis due to pandemic O3:K6 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were reported in southern Sinaloa, a state in Northwestern Mexico. Recurrent sporadic cases arose from 2004 to 2010, spreading from the south to the north. In the present study, Vibrio parahaemolyticus was detected in both environmental samples and clinical cases along the Pacific coast of Sinaloa during 2004 to 2010. An evaluation was made of the serotypes, distribution of virulence genes, and presence of pandemic O3:K6 strains. A total of 144 strains were isolated from environmental samples (from sediment, seawater, and shrimp), and 154 clinical strains were isolated. A total of 10 O serogroups and 30 serovars were identified in the strains. Environmental strains (n = 144) belonged to 10 O serogroups and 28 serovars, while clinical strains (n = 154) belonged to 8 O serogroups and 14 serovars. Ten serovars were shared by both environmental and clinical strains. Among 144 environmental isolates, 4.1% (6/144) belonged to the pandemic clone, with 83.3% containing the orf8 gene and with O3:K6 accounting for 67%. On the other hand, pathogenic strains (tdh and/or trh) accounted for 52% (75/144) of the environmental isolates. Interestingly, among 154 clinical isolates, 80.5% (124/154) were pandemic strains, with O3:K6 (tdh, toxRS(new), and orf8) representing the predominant serovar (99.2%, 123/124). Overall, our results indicate that in spite of a high serodiversity and prevalence of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the environment, the pandemic strain O3:K6 caused >79% of reported cases between 2004 and 2010 in Sinaloa, Mexico.
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Sakata J, Kawatsu K, Kawahara R, Kanki M, Iwasaki T, Kumeda Y, Kodama H. Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against recombinant thermolabile hemolysin and its application to screen for Vibrio parahaemolyticus contamination in raw seafood. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yu Y, Hu W, Wu B, Zhang P, Chen J, Wang S, Fang W. Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from southeastern Chinese coast are genetically diverse with circulation of clonal complex 3 strains since 2002. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2011; 8:1169-76. [PMID: 21883006 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2011.0865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to examine the clonal relationship and genetic diversity of 71 Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from clinical and seafood-related sources in southeastern Chinese coast between 2002 and 2009. The tested isolates fell into 61 sequence types (STs). Of 17 clinical isolates, 7 belonged to ST3 of the pandemic clonal complex 3, with 3 strains isolated in 2002. Although there was no apparent clonal relationship found between clinical strains and those from seafood-related sources positive with pathogenic markers, there were clonal relationships between clinical strains from this study and those from environmental sources in other parts of China. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strains of 112 STs (61 STs from this study and 51 retrieved from PUBMLST database covering different continents) could be divided into four branches. The vast majority of our isolates and those from other countries were genetically diverse and clustered into two major branches of mixed distribution (of geographic origins and sample sources), whereas five STs representing six isolates split as two minor branches because of divergence of their recA genes, which had 80%-82% nucleotide identity to typical V. parahaemolyticus strains and 73.3%-76.9% identity to the CDS24 of a Vibrio sp. plasmid p23023, indicating that the recA gene might have recombined by lateral gene transfer. This was further supported by a high ratio of recombination to mutation (3.038) for recA. In conclusion, MLST with fully extractable database is a powerful system for analysis of clonal relationship for strains of a particular region in a national or global scale as well as between clinical and environmental or food-related strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Chao G, Jiao X, Zhou X, Wang F, Yang Z, Huang J, Pan Z, Zhou L, Qian X. Distribution of genes encoding four pathogenicity islands (VPaIs), T6SS, biofilm, and type I pilus in food and clinical strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in China. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 7:649-58. [PMID: 20132020 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2009.0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in China, Japan, and other countries. The pandemic O3:K6 clone, which harbors thermostable direct hemolysin [tdh] gene and toxRS/new gene, is mainly responsible for the foodborne outbreaks after 1995. Previous studies showed that genes in the pathogenicity island-1 (VPaI-1) and VPaI-5 are harbored only by pandemic strains, whereas genes in VPaI-7 and type III secretion system 2 are closely associated with tdh-positive strains of V. parahaemolyticus. In this study, we examined the distribution of genes encoding VPaI-2, VPaI-3, VPaI-4, VPaI-6, type VI secretion systems (T6SS), biofilm, and type I pilus in 71 food and 116 clinical strains of V. parahaemolyticus. The results showed that most of the pandemic strains of V. parahaemolyticus harbored the complete genes of VPaI-2, T6SS, and type I pilus. In contrast, most of the pathogenic strains (harboring tdh gene or TDH-related hemolysin [trh] gene) and nonpathogenic strains (harboring neither tdh gene nor trh gene) contained partial genes of VPaI-2, T6SS, and type I pilus. Genes of VPaI-4 were exclusively present in the pandemic strains. Genes of VPaI-3 were present in most of the pandemic strains and a small percentage of nonpathogenic strains, mainly O3:K6 strains. VPaI-6 and biofilm-associated genes were harbored by almost all the strains, irrespective of their pandemic, pathogenic, or nonpathogenic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Chao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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