1
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Xu H, Song X, Zhang X, Wang G, Cheng X, Zhang L, Wang Z, Li R, Ai C, Wang X, Pu L, Chen Z, Liu W. SIRT1 regulates mitochondrial fission to alleviate high altitude hypoxia inducedcardiac dysfunction in rats via the PGC-1α-DRP1/FIS1/MFF pathway. Apoptosis 2024:10.1007/s10495-024-01954-5. [PMID: 38678130 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-01954-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
High-altitude exposure has been linked to cardiac dysfunction. Silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1 (sirtuin 1, SIRT1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase, plays a crucial role in regulating numerous cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between SIRT1 and cardiac dysfunction induced by hypobaric hypoxia (HH) remains unexplored. This study aims to assess the impact of SIRT1 on HH-induced cardiac dysfunction and delve into the underlying mechanisms, both in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we have demonstrated that exposure to HH results in cardiomyocyte injury, along with the downregulation of SIRT1 and mitochondrial dysfunction. Upregulating SIRT1 significantly inhibits mitochondrial fission, improves mitochondrial function, reduces cardiomyocyte injury, and consequently enhances cardiac function in HH-exposed rats. Additionally, HH exposure triggers aberrant expression of mitochondrial fission-regulated proteins, with a decrease in PPARγ coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) and an increase in mitochondrial fission 1 (FIS1) and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), all of which are mitigated by SIRT1 upregulation. Furthermore, inhibiting PGC-1α diminishes the positive effects of SIRT1 regulation on the expression of DRP1, MFF, and FIS1, as well as mitochondrial fission. These findings demonstrate that SIRT1 alleviates HHinduced cardiac dysfunction by preventing mitochondrial fission through the PGC-1α-DRP1/FIS1/MFF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbao Xu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaona Song
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Guangrui Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoling Cheng
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zirou Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chongyi Ai
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinxing Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingling Pu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhaoli Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Weili Liu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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Chen H, Chen C, Qin Y, Wang L, Zheng J, Gao F. Protective effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate counteracting the chronic hypobaric hypoxia-induced myocardial injury in plain-grown rats at high altitude. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:921-933. [PMID: 37875765 PMCID: PMC10746658 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01386-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to hypobaric hypoxia (HH) environment causes stress to the body, especially the oxygen-consuming organs. Chronic HH conditions have adverse effects on the myocardium. Thus, we conducted this experiment and aim to evaluate such adverse effects and explore the therapeutic role of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in rats' heart under chronic HH conditions. For that purpose, we transported rats from plain to a real HH environment at high altitude for establishing the HH model. At high altitude, animals were treated with EGCG while the salidroside was used as the positive control. General physiological data were collected, and routine blood test results were analyzed. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) was examined to assess the structural and functional changes of the heart. Serum levels of cardiac enzymes and pro-inflammatory cytokines were examined. Oxidative markers in the left ventricle (LV) were detected. Additionally, ultrastructural and histopathological changes and apoptosis of the LV were assessed. Furthermore, the antioxidant stress-relevant proteins nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were detected. The experiment revealed that EGCG treatment decreased HH-induced elevation of cardiac enzymes and relieved mitochondrial damage of the LV. Notably, EGCG treatment significantly alleviated oxidative stress in the LV and inflammatory response in the blood. Western blot confirmed that EGCG significantly upregulated Nrf2 and HO-1. Therefore, EGCG may be considered a promising natural compound for treating the HH-induced myocardial injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Chen
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuhui Qin
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fabao Gao
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Jia N, Shen Z, Zhao S, Wang Y, Pei C, Huang D, Wang X, Wu Y, Shi S, He Y, Wang Z. Eleutheroside E from pre-treatment of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr.etMaxim.) Harms ameliorates high-altitude-induced heart injury by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis via NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110423. [PMID: 37331291 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Eleutheroside E, a major natural bioactive compound in Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr.etMaxim.) Harms, possesses anti-oxidative, anti-fatigue, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and immunoregulatory effects. High-altitude hypobaric hypoxia affects blood flow and oxygen utilisation, resulting in severe heart injury that cannot be reversed, thereby eventually causing or exacerbating high-altitude heart disease and heart failure. The purpose of this study was to determine the cardioprotective effects of eleutheroside E against high-altitude-induced heart injury (HAHI), and to study the mechanisms by which this happens. A hypobaric hypoxia chamber was used in the study to simulate hypobaric hypoxia at the high altitude of 6000 m. 42 male rats were randomly assigned to 6 equal groups and pre-treated with saline, eleutheroside E 100 mg/kg, eleutheroside E 50 mg/kg, or nigericin 4 mg/kg. Eleutheroside E exhibited significant dose-dependent effects on a rat model of HAHI by suppressing inflammation and pyroptosis. Eleutheroside E downregulated the expressions of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH). Moreover, The ECG also showed eleutheroside E improved the changes in QT interval, corrected QT interval, QRS interval and heart rate. Eleutheroside E remarkably suppressed the expressions of NLRP3/caspase-1-related proteins and pro-inflammatory factors in heart tissue of the model rats. Nigericin, known as an agonist of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis, reversed the effects of eleutheroside E. Eleutheroside E prevented HAHI and inhibited inflammation and pyroptosis via the NLRP3/caspase-1 signalling pathway. Taken together, eleutheroside E is a prospective, effective, safe and inexpensive agent that can be used to treat HAHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jia
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Zherui Shen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Sijing Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Yilan Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Caixia Pei
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Demei Huang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Yongcan Wu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Shihua Shi
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Yacong He
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China.
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China.
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4
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Identifying the Effect of Nuanxin Capsules on Myocardial Injury Induced by Chronic Hypoxia via Network Pharmacology Analysis and Experimental Validation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2399462. [PMID: 36246984 PMCID: PMC9553472 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2399462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nuanxin capsule (NX), an in-hospital preparation of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, has been used in heart failure (HF) treatment for 15 years, but its mechanism and protective effect have not been investigated. This study was aimed at exploring the mechanism and protective effect of NX on HF treatment via network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation. Network pharmacology analysis predicted that NX was involved in the regulation of response to apoptotic process and hypoxia via protecting cellular damage and mitochondrial dysfunction against chronic hypoxia. Its mechanism may be involved in the regulation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. Experimental validation indicated that NX was capable of improving cellular viability, restoring cellular morphology, and suppressing cellular apoptosis cellular. NX also exerted cardioprotection by inhibiting mitochondrial membrane potential injury and protecting mitochondrial respiratory and energy metabolism in a chronic hypoxia cellular model, which was consistent with the results of network pharmacology prediction. In addition, the screened active compounds of NX did have a good binding with their key targets, indicating NX may exert protective effect through multicompounds and multitargets. In conclusion, NX had a protective effect on HF through cellular and mitochondrial protection against chronic hypoxia via multicompounds, multitargets, and multipathways, and its mechanism may be involved in modulating the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway.
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Naryzhnaya NV, Maslov LN, Derkachev IA, Fu F. The Significance of NO-Synthase, Reactive Oxygen Species, Kinases and KATP-Channels in the Development of the Infarct-Limiting Effect of Adaptation to Hypoxia. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kushwaha AD, Saraswat D. A Nanocurcumin and Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Formulation Prevents Hypobaric Hypoxia-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Modulating NF-κB Signaling Pathway. High Alt Med Biol 2022; 23:249-263. [PMID: 35384739 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2021.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kushwaha, Asha D., and Deepika Saraswat. A nanocurcumin and pyrroloquinoline quinone formulation prevents hypobaric hypoxia-induced skeletal muscle atrophy by modulating NF-κB signaling pathway. High Alt Med Biol 00:000-000, 2022. Background: Hypobaric hypoxia (HH)-induced deleterious skeletal muscle damage depends on exposure time and availability of oxygen at cellular level, which eventually can limit human work performance at high altitude (HA). Despite the advancements made in pharmacological (performance enhancer, antioxidants) and nonpharmacological therapeutics (acclimatization strategies), only partial success has been achieved in improving physical performance at HA. A distinctive combination of nanocurcumin (NC) and pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) has been formulated (named NCF [nanocurcumin formulation], Indian patent No. 302877) in our laboratory, and has proven very promising in improving cardiomyocyte adaptation to chronic HH. We hypothesized that NCF might improve skeletal muscle adaptation and could be a performance enhancer at HA. Material and Methods: Adult Sprague-Dawley rats (220 ± 10 g) were divided into five groups (n = 6/group): normoxia vehicle control, hypoxia vehicle control, hypoxia NCF, hypoxia NC, and hypoxia PQQ. All the animals (except those in normoxia) were exposed to simulated HH in a chamber at temperature 22°C ± 2°C, humidity 50% ± 5%, altitude 25,000 ft for 1, 3, or 7 days. After completion of the stipulated exposure time, gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were excised from animals for further analysis. Results: Greater lengths of hypoxic exposure caused progressively increased muscle ring finger-1 (MuRF-1; p < 0.01) expression and calpain activation (0.56 ± 0.05 vs. 0.13 ± 0.02 and 0.44 ± 0.03 vs. 0.12 ± 0.021) by day 7, respectively in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Myosin heavy chain type I (slow oxidative) fibers significantly (p > 0.01) decreased in gastrocnemius (>50%) and soleus (>46%) muscles by the seventh day of exposure. NCF supplementation showed (p ≤ 0.05) tremendous improvement in skeletal muscle acclimatization through effective alleviation of oxidative damage, and changes in calpain activity and atrophic markers at HA compared with hypoxia control or treatment alone with NC/PQQ. Conclusion: Thus, NCF-mediated anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory effects lead to decreased proteolysis resulting in mitigated skeletal muscle atrophy under HH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha D Kushwaha
- Experimental Biology Division, Defense Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization, Delhi, India
| | - Deepika Saraswat
- Experimental Biology Division, Defense Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization, Delhi, India
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7
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Naryzhnaya NV, Maslov LN, Derkachev IA, Ma H, Zhang Y, Prasad NR, Singh N, Fu F, Pei JM, Sarybaev A, Sydykov A. The effect of adaptation to hypoxia on cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion. J Biomed Res 2022:1-25. [PMID: 37183617 PMCID: PMC10387748 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.36.20220125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and sudden cardiac death (SCD), both associated with acute cardiac ischemia, are one of the leading causes of adult death in economically developed countries. The development of new approaches for the treatment and prevention of AMI and SCD remains the highest priority for medicine. A study on the cardiovascular effects of chronic hypoxia (CH) may contribute to the development of these methods. Chronic hypoxia exerts both positive and adverse effects. The positive effects are the infarct-reducing, vasoprotective, and antiarrhythmic effects, which can lead to the improvement of cardiac contractility in reperfusion. The adverse effects are pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy. This review presents a comprehensive overview of how CH enhances cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion. It is an in-depth analysis of the published data on the underlying mechanisms, which can lead to future development of the cardioprotective effect of CH. A better understanding of the CH-activated protective signaling pathways may contribute to new therapeutic approaches in an increase of cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion.
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Rathor R, Agrawal A, Kumar R, Suryakumar G, Singh SN. Ursolic acid ameliorates hypobaric hypoxia-induced skeletal muscle protein loss via upregulating Akt pathway: An experimental study using rat model. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:375-389. [PMID: 33368975 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypobaric hypoxic stress leads to oxidative stress, inflammation, and disturbance in protein turnover rate. Aggregately, this imbalance in redox homeostasis is responsible for skeletal muscle protein loss and a decline in physical performance. Hence, an urgent medical need is required to ameliorate skeletal muscle protein loss. The present study investigated the efficacy of ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpene acid to ameliorate hypobaric hypoxia (HH)-induced muscle protein loss. UA is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpene acid present in several edible herbs and fruits such as apples. It contains skeletal muscle hypertrophy activity; still its potential against HH-induced muscle protein loss is unexplored. To address this issue, an in vivo study was planned to examine the beneficial effect of UA supplementation on HH-induced skeletal muscle loss. Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to HH with and without UA supplementation (20 mg/kg; oral) for 3 continuous days. The results described the beneficial role of UA as supplementation of UA with HH exposure attenuated reactive oxygen species production and oxidative protein damage, which indicate the potent antioxidant activity. Furthermore, UA supplementation enhanced Akt, pAkt, and p70S6kinase activity (Akt pathway) and lowered the pro-inflammatory cytokines in HH exposed rats. UA has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, and it enhanced the protein content via upregulation of Akt pathway-related proteins against HH exposure. These three biological activities of UA make it a novel candidate for amelioration of HH-induced skeletal muscle damage and protein loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Rathor
- Cellular Biochemistry Division, DRDO Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Akanksha Agrawal
- Cellular Biochemistry Division, DRDO Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Cellular Biochemistry Division, DRDO Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Geetha Suryakumar
- Cellular Biochemistry Division, DRDO Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Som Nath Singh
- Cellular Biochemistry Division, DRDO Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
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Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Farkhondeh T, Ashrafizadeh M, Talebi M, Samargahndian S. Curcumin and cardiovascular diseases: Focus on cellular targets and cascades. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 136:111214. [PMID: 33450488 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading causes of the most considerable mortality globally, and it has been tried to find the molecular mechanisms and design new drugs that triggered the molecular target. Curcumin is the main ingredient of Curcuma longa (turmeric) that has been used in traditional medicine for treating several diseases for years. Numerous investigations have indicated the beneficial effect of Curcumin in modulating multiple signaling pathways involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and proliferation. The cardiovascular protective effects of Curcumin against CVDs have been indicated in several studies. In the current review study, we provided novel information on Curcumin's protective effects against various CVDs and potential molecular signaling targets of Curcumin. Nonetheless, more studies should be performed to discover the exact molecular target of Curcumin against CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Marjan Talebi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19968 35115, Iran
| | - Saeed Samargahndian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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10
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Masjoan Juncos JX, Shakil S, Bradley WE, Wei CC, Zafar I, Powell P, Mariappan N, Louch WE, Ford DA, Ahmad A, Dell'Italia LJ, Ahmad S. Chronic cardiac structural damage, diastolic and systolic dysfunction following acute myocardial injury due to bromine exposure in rats. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:179-193. [PMID: 32979061 PMCID: PMC7855670 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02919-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accidental bromine spills are common and its large industrial stores risk potential terrorist attacks. The mechanisms of bromine toxicity and effective therapeutic strategies are unknown. Our studies demonstrate that inhaled bromine causes deleterious cardiac manifestations. In this manuscript we describe mechanisms of delayed cardiac effects in the survivors of a single bromine exposure. Rats were exposed to bromine (600 ppm for 45 min) and the survivors were sacrificed at 14 or 28 days. Echocardiography, hemodynamic analysis, histology, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and biochemical analysis of cardiac tissue were performed to assess functional, structural and molecular effects. Increases in right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure and LV end-diastolic wall stress with increased LV fibrosis were observed. TEM images demonstrated myofibrillar loss, cytoskeletal breakdown and mitochondrial damage at both time points. Increases in cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) reflected myofibrillar damage and increased LV wall stress. LV shortening decreased as a function of increasing LV end-systolic wall stress and was accompanied by increased sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) inactivation and a striking dephosphorylation of phospholamban. NADPH oxidase 2 and protein phosphatase 1 were also increased. Increased circulating eosinophils and myocardial 4-hydroxynonenal content suggested increased oxidative stress as a key contributing factor to these effects. Thus, a continuous oxidative stress-induced chronic myocardial damage along with phospholamban dephosphorylation are critical for bromine-induced chronic cardiac dysfunction. These findings in our preclinical model will educate clinicians and public health personnel and provide important endpoints to evaluate therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bromine
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Cardiomegaly/chemically induced
- Cardiomegaly/metabolism
- Cardiomegaly/pathology
- Cardiomegaly/physiopathology
- Cardiotoxicity
- Diastole
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Male
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Heart/ultrastructure
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/ultrastructure
- NADPH Oxidase 2/metabolism
- Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Phosphatase 1/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases/metabolism
- Systole
- Time Factors
- Troponin I/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/chemically induced
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/pathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/chemically induced
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/pathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/physiopathology
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Function, Right
- Ventricular Remodeling
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xavier Masjoan Juncos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, #322 BMRII, 901 19th St. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Shazia Shakil
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, #322 BMRII, 901 19th St. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Wayne E Bradley
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chih-Chang Wei
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Iram Zafar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, #322 BMRII, 901 19th St. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Pamela Powell
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nithya Mariappan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, #322 BMRII, 901 19th St. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - William E Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - David A Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, #322 BMRII, 901 19th St. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Louis J Dell'Italia
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shama Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, #322 BMRII, 901 19th St. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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11
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Naryzhnaya NV, Ma HJ, Maslov LN. The involvement of protein kinases in the cardioprotective effect of chronic hypoxia. Physiol Res 2020; 69:933-945. [PMID: 33129243 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to analyze the involvement of protein kinases in the cardioprotective mechanism induced by chronic hypoxia. It has been reported that chronic intermittent hypoxia contributes to increased expression of the following kinases in the myocardium: PKCdelta, PKCalpha, p-PKCepsilon, p-PKCalpha, AMPK, p-AMPK, CaMKII, p-ERK1/2, p-Akt, PI3-kinase, p-p38, HK-1, and HK-2; whereas, chronic normobaric hypoxia promotes increased expression of the following kinases in the myocardium: PKCepsilon, PKCbetaII, PKCeta, CaMKII, p-ERK1/2, p-Akt, p-p38, HK-1, and HK-2. However, CNH does not promote enhanced expression of the AMPK and JNK kinases. Adaptation to hypoxia enhances HK-2 association with mitochondria and causes translocation of PKCdelta, PKCbetaII, and PKCeta to the mitochondria. It has been shown that PKCdelta, PKCepsilon, ERK1/2, and MEK1/2 are involved in the cardioprotective effect of chronic hypoxia. The role of other kinases in the cardioprotective effect of adaptation to hypoxia requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Naryzhnaya
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.
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Oxidative Stress, Kinase Activity and Inflammatory Implications in Right Ventricular Hypertrophy and Heart Failure under Hypobaric Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176421. [PMID: 32899304 PMCID: PMC7503689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High altitude (hypobaric hypoxia) triggers several mechanisms to compensate for the decrease in oxygen bioavailability. One of them is pulmonary artery vasoconstriction and its subsequent pulmonary arterial remodeling. These changes can lead to pulmonary hypertension and the development of right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), right heart failure (RHF) and, ultimately to death. The aim of this review is to describe the most recent molecular pathways involved in the above conditions under this type of hypobaric hypoxia, including oxidative stress, inflammation, protein kinases activation and fibrosis, and the current therapeutic approaches for these conditions. This review also includes the current knowledge of long-term chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia. Furthermore, this review highlights the signaling pathways related to oxidative stress (Nox-derived O2.- and H2O2), protein kinase (ERK5, p38α and PKCα) activation, inflammatory molecules (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and NF-kB) and hypoxia condition (HIF-1α). On the other hand, recent therapeutic approaches have focused on abolishing hypoxia-induced RVH and RHF via attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammatory (IL-1β, MCP-1, SDF-1 and CXCR-4) pathways through phytotherapy and pharmacological trials. Nevertheless, further studies are necessary.
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Shaw S, Kumar U, Bhaumik G, Reddy MPK, Kumar B, Ghosh D. Alterations of estrous cycle, 3β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and progesterone synthesis in female rats after exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3458. [PMID: 32103034 PMCID: PMC7044287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanism regulating hypoxia induced alteration in female steroid hormones is first time explored in this study. To understand the mechanistic approach, female Sprague- Dawley rats were exposed to acute and chronic hypobaric hypoxia (282 mm-Hg, ~7620 m, 6 hours, 3 and 7 days). Estrous cycle, body weight, plasma progesterone and estradiol levels, morphology, histology and two key steroidogenic enzymes: 3ß hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) and 17ß HSD activity of ovary and adrenal gland were studied. A persistent diestrous phase and a significant decrease in body weight were found in chronic hypoxia groups. Histological study suggested degenerative changes in ovarian corpus luteum of 7 days chronic hypobaric hypoxia (7CHH) group and a declined percentage of adrenocortical cells in 3 days chronic hypobaric hypoxia (3CHH) and 7CHH groups. Plasma estradiol level was unaltered, but progesterone level was decreased significantly in all hypoxic groups. Ovarian 3ß HSD activity was decreased significantly with increasing days of hypoxic treatment along with a significantly low adrenal 3ß HSD activity in 7CHH. In conclusion, hypobaric hypoxia causes a state of low circulatory progesterone level in females likely due to the degenerative changes in the female ovarian and adrenal tissues together with low steroidogenic 3ß HSD enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Shaw
- High Altitude Physiology Lab, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Utkarsha Kumar
- High Altitude Physiology Lab, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Gopinath Bhaumik
- High Altitude Physiology Lab, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - M Prasanna Kumar Reddy
- High Altitude Physiology Lab, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Bhuvnesh Kumar
- High Altitude Physiology Lab, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Dishari Ghosh
- High Altitude Physiology Lab, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India.
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Gorr MW, Sriram K, Chinn AM, Muthusamy A, Insel PA. Transcriptomic profiles reveal differences between the right and left ventricle in normoxia and hypoxia. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14344. [PMID: 31960631 PMCID: PMC6971333 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia from diseases in the lung, such as pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, can increase pulmonary vascular resistance, resulting in hypertrophy and dysfunction of the right ventricle (RV). In order to obtain insight into RV biology and perhaps uncover potentially novel therapeutic approaches for RV dysfunction, we performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of RV and LV tissue from rats in normal ambient conditions or subjected to hypoxia (10% O2 ) for 2 weeks. Gene ontology and pathway analysis of the RV and LV revealed multiple transcriptomic differences, in particular increased expression in the RV of genes related to immune function in both normoxia and hypoxia. Immune cell profiling by flow cytometry of cardiac digests revealed that in both conditions, the RV had a larger percentage than the LV of double-positive CD45+ /CD11b/c+ cells (which are predominantly macrophages and dendritic cells). Analysis of gene expression changes under hypoxic conditions identified multiple pathways that may contribute to hypoxia-induced changes in the RV, including increased expression of genes related to cell mitosis/proliferation and decreased expression of genes related to metabolic processes. Together, the findings indicate that the RV differs from the LV with respect to content of immune cells and expression of certain genes, thus suggesting the two ventricles differ in aspects of pathophysiology and in potential therapeutic targets for RV dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Gorr
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research InstituteCollege of MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
- College of NursingThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Krishna Sriram
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Amy M. Chinn
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Abinaya Muthusamy
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Paul A. Insel
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
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Nehra S, Bhardwaj V, Bansal A, Saraswat D. Combinatorial therapy of exercise-preconditioning and nanocurcumin formulation supplementation improves cardiac adaptation under hypobaric hypoxia. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 28:443-453. [PMID: 28672774 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hypobaric hypoxia (cHH) mediated cardiac insufficiencies are associated with pathological damage. Sustained redox stress and work load are major causative agents of cardiac insufficiencies under cHH. Despite the advancements made in pharmacological (anti-oxidants, vasodilators) and non-pharmacological therapeutics (acclimatization strategies and schedules), only partial success has been achieved in improving cardiac acclimatization to cHH. This necessitates the need for potent combinatorial therapies to improve cardiac acclimatization at high altitudes. We hypothesize that a combinatorial therapy comprising preconditioning to mild aerobic treadmill exercise and supplementation with nanocurcumin formulation (NCF) consisting of nanocurcumin (NC) and pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) might improve cardiac adaptation at high altitudes. METHODS Adult Sprague-Dawley rats pre-conditioned to treadmill exercise and supplemented with NCF were exposed to cHH (7620 m altitude corresponding to pO2~8% at 28±2°C, relative humidity 55%±1%) for 3 weeks. The rat hearts were analyzed for changes in markers of oxidative stress (free radical leakage, lipid peroxidation, manganese-superoxide dismutase [MnSOD] activity), cardiac injury (circulating cardiac troponin I [TnI] and T [cTnT], myocardial creatine kinase [CK-MB]), metabolic damage (lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] and acetyl-coenzyme A levels, lactate and pyruvate levels) and bio-energetic insufficiency (ATP, p-AMPKα). RESULTS Significant modulations (p≤0.05) in cardiac redox status, metabolic damage, cardiac injury and bio-energetics were observed in rats receiving both NCF supplementation and treadmill exercise-preconditioning compared with rats receiving only one of the treatments. CONCLUSIONS The combinatorial therapeutic strategy showed a tremendous improvement in cardiac acclimatization to cHH compared to either exercise-preconditioning or NCF supplementation alone which was evident from the effective modulation in redox, metabolic, contractile and bio-energetic homeostasis.
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Nehra S, Bhardwaj V, Bansal A, Chattopadhyay P, Saraswat D. Nanocurcumin-pyrroloquinoline formulation prevents hypertrophy-induced pathological damage by relieving mitochondrial stress in cardiomyocytes under hypoxic conditions. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e404. [PMID: 29611541 PMCID: PMC5750470 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the therapeutic effect of a nanocurcumin formulation (NCF) containing nanocurcumin (NC) and pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) on ameliorating hypoxia-induced stress in hypertrophied primary human ventricular cardiomyocytes (HVCM) under hypoxic conditions, as validated in a Sprague-Dawley rat model of chronic hypobaric hypoxia (cHH)-induced right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). Based on our previous findings, here, we analyzed the improvement in the protective efficacy of NCF against mitochondrial damage. The electron transport chain Complexes’ activities were analyzed as a chief operational center for mitochondrial homeostasis, along with key gene and protein markers for mitochondrial biogenesis, redox function, fatty acid oxidation, bio-energetic deficit and cell survival. NCF supplementation imparts cyto-protection from hypoxia-induced hypertrophy and damage in both in vitro and in vivo models while maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis better than NC and PQQ alone. This study proposes the use of NCF as a potential candidate molecule for imparting protection from high altitude-induced maladies in ascendants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Nehra
- Experimental Biology Division, Department of Experimental Biology, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science, Defence Research and Development Organization, Timarpur, New Delhi, India
| | - Varun Bhardwaj
- Experimental Biology Division, Department of Experimental Biology, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science, Defence Research and Development Organization, Timarpur, New Delhi, India
| | - Anju Bansal
- Experimental Biology Division, Department of Experimental Biology, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science, Defence Research and Development Organization, Timarpur, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Deepika Saraswat
- Experimental Biology Division, Department of Experimental Biology, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science, Defence Research and Development Organization, Timarpur, New Delhi, India
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