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Xu J, Li J, Wang X, An Y, Liu W, Luo R, Sun C. IRF4 Knockdown Inhibits the Chronic Rhinosinusitis Without Nasal Polyps Development by Regulating NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD-Mediated Pyroptosis. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10792-8. [PMID: 38635014 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10792-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) is a CRS phenotype. However, the mechanisms of CRSsNP remains unclear. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from the GSE36830 and GSE198950 datasets through the GEO2R tool. The six hub genes were screened by the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and Cytoscape software. Then we constructed the mouse models of CRS and verified the expression levels of hub genes by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was employed to observe pathological alterations in mouse tissues. Casepase-3 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The levels of TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6, IL-1β, LDH, and IL-18 were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pyroptosis-related protein expressions were measured by western blotting. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry were performed to assess the proliferation and apoptosis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NP69 cells. Six hub DEGs were identified. The expression levels of IRF4, IKZF1, and CD79A were obviously increased in CRSsNP, while those of ADH6, ADH1A, and LDHC were significantly decreased. IRF4 knockdown attenuated the pathologic features of CRSsNP. IRF4 knockdown reduced levels of the TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6 IL-1β, LDH, and IL-18 as well as the proteins expression of Casepase-1, GSDMD, and NLRP3 both in vivo and in vitro, implying that inflammation and pyroptosis were inhibited. IRF4 knockdown hinders the development of CRSsNP by inhibiting the inflammatory response and NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis, which offers novel promising treatment strategies for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, No. 9, Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, No. 9, Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, No. 9, Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Yunsong An
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 106, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wenlong Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, No. 9, Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Renzhong Luo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, No. 9, Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Changzhi Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, No. 9, Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
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Jung MA, Lee JY, Kim YJ, Ji KY, Lee MH, Jung DH, Kim YH, Kim T. Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. attenuates airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion by modulating the STAT6-STAT3/FOXA2 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116319. [PMID: 38422654 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. on allergic asthma and their underlying mechanisms remain unclarified. Thus, we investigated the effects of D. dasycarpus Turcz. water extract (DDW) on mucus hypersecretion in mice with ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma and human bronchial epithelial cells. METHODS BALB/c mice were used to establish an OVA-induced allergic asthma model. Mice were grouped into the OVA sensitization/challenge, 100 and 300 mg/kg DDW treatment, and dexamethasone groups. In mice, cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), serum and BALF analyses, and histopathological lung tissue analyses were performed. Furthermore, we confirmed the basic mechanism in interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13-treated human bronchial epithelial cells through western blotting. RESULTS In OVA-induced asthma mice, DDW treatment reduced inflammatory cell number and airway hyperresponsiveness and ameliorated histological changes (immune cell infiltration, mucus secretion, and collagen deposition) in lung tissues and serum total immunoglobulin E levels. DDW treatment lowered BALF IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 levels; reduced levels of inflammatory mediators, such as thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine, macrophage-derived chemokine, and interferon gamma-induced protein; decreased mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) production; decreased signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 6 and STAT3 expression; and restored forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2) expression. In IL-4/IL-13-treated human bronchial epithelial cells, DDW treatment inhibited MUC5AC production, suppressed STAT6 and STAT3 expression (related to mucus hypersecretion), and increased FOXA2 expression. CONCLUSIONS DDW treatment modulates MUC5AC expression and mucus hypersecretion by downregulating STAT6 and STAT3 expression and upregulating FOXA2 expression. These findings provide a novel approach to manage mucus hypersecretion in asthma using DDW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-A Jung
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea
| | - Kon-Young Ji
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Han Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Jung
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea
| | - Taesoo Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea.
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Yang R, Wu X, Gounni AS, Xie J. Mucus hypersecretion in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: From molecular mechanisms to treatment. J Transl Int Med 2023; 11:312-315. [PMID: 38130649 PMCID: PMC10732574 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2023-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaojie Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan NO. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Abdelilah Soussi Gounni
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, ManitobaR3E 0W3, Canada
| | - Jungang Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, Hubei Province, China
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Zhang M, Lu H, Xie L, Liu X, Cun D, Yang M. Inhaled RNA drugs to treat lung diseases: Disease-related cells and nano-bio interactions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115144. [PMID: 37995899 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, RNA-based therapies have gained much attention as biomedicines due to their remarkable therapeutic effects with high specificity and potency. Lung diseases offer a variety of currently undruggable but attractive targets that could potentially be treated with RNA drugs. Inhaled RNA drugs for the treatment of lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, have attracted more and more attention. A variety of novel nanoformulations have been designed and attempted for the delivery of RNA drugs to the lung via inhalation. However, the delivery of RNA drugs via inhalation poses several challenges. It includes protection of the stability of RNA molecules, overcoming biological barriers such as mucus and cell membrane to the delivery of RNA molecules to the targeted cytoplasm, escaping endosomal entrapment, and circumventing unwanted immune response etc. To address these challenges, ongoing researches focus on developing innovative nanoparticles to enhance the stability of RNA molecules, improve cellular targeting, enhance cellular uptake and endosomal escape to achieve precise delivery of RNA drugs to the intended lung cells while avoiding unwanted nano-bio interactions and off-target effects. The present review first addresses the pathologic hallmarks of different lung diseases, disease-related cell types in the lung, and promising therapeutic targets in these lung cells. Subsequently we highlight the importance of the nano-bio interactions in the lung that need to be addressed to realize disease-related cell-specific delivery of inhaled RNA drugs. This is followed by a review on the physical and chemical characteristics of inhaled nanoformulations that influence the nano-bio interactions with a focus on surface functionalization. Finally, the challenges in the development of inhaled nanomedicines and some key aspects that need to be considered in the development of future inhaled RNA drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China; School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Haoyu Lu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Liangkun Xie
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Xulu Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Dongmei Cun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China.
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Oh ES, Ro H, Ryu HW, Song YN, Park JY, Kim N, Kim HY, Oh SM, Lee SY, Kim DY, Kim S, Hong ST, Kim MO, Lee SU. Methyl lucidone inhibits airway inflammatory response by reducing TAK1 activity in human bronchial epithelial NCI-H292 cells. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20154. [PMID: 37809903 PMCID: PMC10559928 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Methyl lucidone (ML), a methyl derivative of lucidone, has anti-inflammatory properties. However, the molecular mechanisms that reduce the inflammatory effect of ML in human lung epithelial cells remain unkown. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of ML. Methods Four compounds (ML, methyl linderone, kanakugiol, and linderone) from Lindera erythrocarpa Makino were evaluated for their ability to reduce MUC5AC secretion levels in phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated NCI-H292 cells using ELISA. The expression and secretion levels of inflammatory response-related proteins were analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, ELISA, and western blotting. To determine whether ML directly regulates TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), we performed an in vitro kinase assay. Results ML treatment effectively reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β and TNF-α, increased by stimulation. Furthermore, ML downregulated the pathway cascade of both IκB kinase (IKK)/NF-κB and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase/CREB by inhibiting the upstream kinase TAK1. An in vitro kinase analysis confirmed that ML treatment significantly reduced the kinase activity of TAK1. Conclusion ML pretreatment repressed the PMA-stimulated inflammation reaction by reducing the TAK1-mediated IKK/NF-κB and p38 MAP kinase/CREB signaling. These findings suggest that ML may improve respiratory health and can be used as a dietary supplement or functional food to prevent inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sol Oh
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunju Ro
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Na Song
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Park
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Namho Kim
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Young Kim
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Min Oh
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Lee
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Young Kim
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooil Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Tae Hong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Ock Kim
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ui Lee
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea
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Sengupta S, Abhinav N, Singh S, Dutta J, Mabalirajan U, Kaliyamurthy K, Mukherjee PK, Jaisankar P, Bandyopadhyay A. Standardised Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham. fruit extract inhibits human neutrophil elastase and attenuates elastase-induced lung injury in mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1011216. [PMID: 36569308 PMCID: PMC9768866 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1011216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) along with asthma is a major and increasing global health problem. Smoking contributes to about 80%-90% of total COPD cases in the world. COPD leads to the narrowing of small airways and destruction of lung tissue leading to emphysema primarily caused by neutrophil elastase. Neutrophil elastase plays an important role in disease progression in COPD patients and has emerged as an important target for drug discovery. Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham. is a mangrove plant belonging to family Sonneratiaceae. It is widely found in the Sundarban regions of India. While the fruits of this plant have antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and astringent activities, fruit and leaf extracts have been shown to reduce the symptoms of asthma and cough. The aim of this study is to find whether hydro alcoholic fruit extracts of S. apetala inhibit neutrophil elastase and thus prevent the progression of neutrophil elastase-driven lung emphysema. The hydroalcoholic extract, ethanol: water (90:10), of the S. apetala Buch.-Ham. fresh fruits (SAM) were used for neutrophil elastase enzyme kinetic assay and IC50 of the extract was determined. The novel HPLC method has been developed and the extract was standardized with gallic acid and ellagic acid as standards. The extract was further subjected to LC-MS2 profiling to identify key phytochemicals. The standardized SAM extract contains 53 μg/mg of gallic acid and 95 μg/mg of ellagic acid, based on the HPLC calibration curve. SAM also reversed the elastase-induced morphological change of human epithelial cells and prevented the release of ICAM-1 in vitro and an MTT assay was conducted to assess the viability. Further, 10 mg/kg SAM had reduced alveolar collapse induced by neutrophil elastase in the mice model. Thus, in this study, we reported for the first time that S. apetala fruit extract has the potential to inhibit human neutrophil elastase in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Sengupta
- Cardiovascular Disease and Respiratory Disorders Laboratory, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Nipun Abhinav
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, India
| | - Sabita Singh
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases Laboratory, Cell Biology and Physiology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Joytri Dutta
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases Laboratory, Cell Biology and Physiology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ulaganathan Mabalirajan
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases Laboratory, Cell Biology and Physiology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Karthigeyan Kaliyamurthy
- Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, A.J.C.B. Indian Botanic Garden, Howrah, India
| | | | - Parasuraman Jaisankar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India,Laboratory of Catalysis and Chemical Biology, Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India,*Correspondence: Parasuraman Jaisankar, ; Arun Bandyopadhyay,
| | - Arun Bandyopadhyay
- Cardiovascular Disease and Respiratory Disorders Laboratory, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India,*Correspondence: Parasuraman Jaisankar, ; Arun Bandyopadhyay,
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Ma Q, Zhang AN, Zhang CX. Exploration of the Pharmacological Mechanism of Bufei Nashen Pill in Treating Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Using Network Pharmacology Integrated Molecular Docking. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221134883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Based on network pharmacological analysis and molecular docking verification, the therapeutic mechanism of Bufei Nashen Pill (BFNSP) in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is discussed. Methods: First, the active ingredients and therapeutic targets of BFNSP were determined based on literature and the Chinese medicine system pharmacology database. Relevant targets of COPD were determined using GeneCard, Therapeutic Target Database and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM). The con-targets of BFNSP and COPD were then obtained through the Veen platform, which were implemented in Cytoscape to build “Drug-Ingredients-Potential Target network.” Target gene function enrichment analysis and signal pathway analysis were performed based on STRING database, Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway database. Finally, SYBYL 2.2.1 software was used to finish docking. Results: In the Drug-Ingredients-Potential Targets network, 172 active ingredients and 183 potential targets were found. Enrichment analysis showed that potential targets mainly involve biological functions such as inflammation, reactive oxygen, and immunity. Molecular docking showed that the active ingredients of BFNSP had preferential interaction with interleukin 6, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, SRC, epidermal growth factor receptor, and matrix metalloproteinase-9. Conclusion: BFNSP can be used to treat COPD by the regulation of inflammation, immunity, and hypoxia tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Ma
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Chinese Medicine Research Center, Yinchuan, China
| | - An-ni Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-xi Zhang
- Ningxia Chinese Medicine Research Center, Yinchuan, China
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Rajabi H, Mortazavi D, Konyalilar N, Aksoy GT, Erkan S, Korkunc SK, Kayalar O, Bayram H, Rahbarghazi R. Forthcoming complications in recovered COVID-19 patients with COPD and asthma; possible therapeutic opportunities. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:173. [PMID: 36320055 PMCID: PMC9623941 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been growing swiftly worldwide. Patients with background chronic pulmonary inflammations such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) are likely to be infected with this virus. Of note, there is an argument that COVID-19 can remain with serious complications like fibrosis or other pathological changes in the pulmonary tissue of patients with chronic diseases. Along with conventional medications, regenerative medicine, and cell-based therapy could be alternative approaches to compensate for organ loss or restore injured sites using different stem cell types. Owing to unique differentiation capacity and paracrine activity, these cells can accelerate the healing procedure. In this review article, we have tried to scrutinize different reports related to the harmful effects of SARS-CoV-2 on patients with asthma and COPD, as well as the possible therapeutic effects of stem cells in the alleviation of post-COVID-19 complications. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Rajabi
- Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Mortazavi
- Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nur Konyalilar
- Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Tuse Aksoy
- Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinem Erkan
- Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seval Kubra Korkunc
- Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgecan Kayalar
- Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Bayram
- Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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9
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Sengupta S, Reddy JR, Rajesh N, Jaiswal A, Mabalirajan U, Palakodety RK, Mukherjee P, Bandyopadhyay A. Novel benzoxazinone derivative as potent human neutrophil elastase inhibitor: Potential implications in lung injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 931:175187. [PMID: 35952844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil elastase, a powerful physiological defence tool, may serve as drug target for diverse diseases due to its bystander effect on host cells like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we synthesised seven novel benzoxazinone derivatives and identified that these synthetic compounds are human neutrophil elastase inhibitor that was demonstrated by enzyme substrate kinetic assay. One such compound, PD05, emerged as the most potent inhibitor with lower IC50 as compared to control drug sivelestat. While this inhibition is competitive based on substrate dilution assay, PD05 showed a high binding affinity for human neutrophil elastase (Kd = 1.63 nM) with faster association and dissociation rate compared to notable elastase inhibitors like ONO 6818 and AZD9668, and its interaction with human neutrophil elastase was fully reversible.Preclinical pharmacokinetic studies were performed in vitro where protein binding was found to be 72% with a high recovery rate, aqueous solubility of 194.7 μM, low permeability along with a favourable hERG. Experiments with cell line revealed that the molecule successfully prevented elastase induced rounding and retracted cell morphology and cell cytotoxicity. In mouse model PD05 is able to reduce the alveolar collapse induced by neutrophil elastase. In summary, we demonstrate the in situ, in vitro and in vivo anti-elastase potential of the newly synthesised benzoxazinone derivative PD05 and thus this could be promising candidate for further investigation as a drug for the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Sengupta
- Cardiovascular Disease & Respiratory Disorders Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Jala Ranjith Reddy
- Division of Organic and Biomolecular Medicine, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nomula Rajesh
- Division of Organic and Biomolecular Medicine, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ashish Jaiswal
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Ulaganathan Mabalirajan
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Radha Krishna Palakodety
- Division of Organic and Biomolecular Medicine, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pulok Mukherjee
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Arun Bandyopadhyay
- Cardiovascular Disease & Respiratory Disorders Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.
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Grishanova AY, Perepechaeva ML. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Oxidative Stress as a Double Agent and Its Biological and Therapeutic Significance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126719. [PMID: 35743162 PMCID: PMC9224361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has long been implicated in the induction of a battery of genes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. AhR is a ligand-activated transcription factor necessary for the launch of transcriptional responses important in health and disease. In past decades, evidence has accumulated that AhR is associated with the cellular response to oxidative stress, and this property of AhR must be taken into account during investigations into a mechanism of action of xenobiotics that is able to activate AhR or that is susceptible to metabolic activation by enzymes encoded by the genes that are under the control of AhR. In this review, we examine various mechanisms by which AhR takes part in the oxidative-stress response, including antioxidant and prooxidant enzymes and cytochrome P450. We also show that AhR, as a participant in the redox balance and as a modulator of redox signals, is being increasingly studied as a target for a new class of therapeutic compounds and as an explanation for the pathogenesis of some disorders.
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11
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Mann TS, Larcombe AN, Wang KCW, Shamsuddin D, Landwehr KR, Noble PB, Henry PJ. Azithromycin inhibits mucin secretion, mucous metaplasia, airway inflammation and airways hyperresponsiveness in mice exposed to house dust mite extract. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L683-L698. [PMID: 35348023 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00487.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive production, secretion and retention of abnormal mucus is a pathologic feature of many obstructive airways diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis. Azithromycin is an antibiotic that also possesses immunomodulatory and mucoregulatory activities, which may contribute to the clinical effectiveness of azithromycin in these obstructive airway diseases. The current study investigated these non-antibiotic activities of azithromycin (or saline) in mice exposed daily to intranasal house dust mite (HDM) extract (or SHAM inoculation) for 10 days. HDM-exposed mice exhibited airways hyperresponsiveness to aerosolised methacholine, a pronounced mixed eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammatory response, increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) thickness and elevated levels of epithelial mucin staining (compared to SHAM mice). Azithromycin (50 mg/kg s.c., 2 h prior to each HDM exposure) significantly attenuated HDM-induced airways hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, airways inflammation (bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophil and neutrophils numbers, and cytokine/chemokine levels), and epithelial mucin staining (mucous metaplasia) (P<0.05, 2-way ANOVA). Isolated tracheal segments of HDM-exposed mice secreted Muc5ac and Muc5b (above baseline levels) in response to exogenous ATP. Moreover, ATP-induced secretion of mucins was significantly attenuated in segments obtained from azithromycin-treated, HDM-exposed mice (P<0.05, 2-way ANOVA). In additional ex vivo studies, ATP-induced secretion of Muc5ac from HDM-exposed tracheal segments was inhibited by in vitro exposure to azithromycin. In vitro azithromycin also inhibited ATP-induced secretion of Muc5ac and Muc5b in tracheal segments from IL-13-exposed mice. In summary, azithromycin inhibited ATP-induced mucin secretion and airways inflammation in HDM-exposed mice, both of which are likely to contribute to suppression of airways hyperresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy S Mann
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alexander N Larcombe
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kimberley C W Wang
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Danial Shamsuddin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Katherine R Landwehr
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter B Noble
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter J Henry
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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12
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Hussain MS, Sharma P, Dhanjal DS, Khurana N, Vyas M, Sharma N, Mehta M, Tambuwala MM, Satija S, Sohal SS, Oliver BGG, Sharma HS. Nanotechnology based advanced therapeutic strategies for targeting interleukins in chronic respiratory diseases. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 348:109637. [PMID: 34506765 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Both communicable and non-communicable chronic respiratory conditions have accorded for suffering of millions of people of all ages and stated to be leading cause of death, morbidity, economic and social pressures, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) worldwide. These illnesses impair patient's health and negatively impacts families and society, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) affect different organs of respiratory system, involving airways, parenchyma, and pulmonary vasculature. As the number of respiratory diseases are exponentially escalating but still the stakeholders are not paying attention towards its serious complications. Currently, the treatment being used primarily focusses only on alleviating symptoms of these illness rather delivering the therapeutic agent at target site for optimal care and/or prevention. Lately, extensive research is being conducted on airways and systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, airway, or parenchymal rehabilitation. From which macrophages, neutrophils, and T cells, as well as structural cells as fibroblasts, epithelial, endothelial, and smooth muscle cells have been found to be active participants that are involved in these chronic respiratory diseases. The pathogenesis of all these chronic respiratory diseases gets caused differently via mediators and proteins, including cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and oxidants. Presently, the target of prescription therapies is to reduce the inflammation of airways and relieve the airway contraction. In all studies, cytokines have been found to play an imperative role in fostering chronic airway inflammation and remodelling. Owing to the limitations of conventional treatments, the current review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the chronic respiratory disease and discuss further about the various conventional methods that can be used for treating this ailment. Additionally, it also highlights and discusses about the advanced drug delivery system that are being used for targeting the interleukins for the treatment of CRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sadique Hussain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Parvarish Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Navneet Khurana
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Manish Vyas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Meenu Mehta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Londonderry, BT52 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Saurabh Satija
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, 7248, Australia
| | - Brian G G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hari S Sharma
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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13
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Lu Y, Zhou Y, Lin Y, Li W, Tian S, Hao X, Guo H. Preventive effects of donkey milk powder on the ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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14
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Lee JW, Ryu HW, Kim DY, Kwon OK, Jang HJ, Kwon HJ, Kim SY, Lee SU, Kim SM, Oh ES, Ahn HI, Ahn KS, Oh SR. Biflavonoid-rich fraction from Daphne pseudomezereum var. koreana Hamaya exerts anti-inflammatory effect in an experimental animal model of allergic asthma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113386. [PMID: 32920132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Daphne pseudomezereum var. koreana Hamaya is distributed in the Gangwon-do of South Korea and is traditionally used to treat chronic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of biflavonoid-rich fraction (BF) obtained from an extract of D. pseudomezereum leaves on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Neochamaejasmin B (NB) and chamaejasmin D (CD) were spectroscopically characterized as major components of BF obtained from the leaves of D. pseudomezereum. RAW264.7 cells pretreated with NB, CD and BF and activated by LPS (500 ng/ml) were used to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of these materials in vitro. To evaluate the protective effect of BF on allergic asthma, female BALB/c mice were sensitized to OVA by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and treated with BF by oral administration (15 or 30 mg/kg). RESULTS Pretreatment with BF inhibited LPS-stimulated nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α and IL-6, and led to upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in RAW264.7 macrophages. Orally administered BF significantly inhibited the recruitment of eosinophils and the production of IL-5, IL-6, IL-13 and MCP-1 as judged by the analysis of BALF from OVA-induced asthma animal model. BF also decreased the levels of IgE in the serum of asthmatic mice. BF suppressed the influx of inflammatory cells into nearby airways and the hypersecretion of mucus by the airway epithelium of asthmatic mice. In addition, the increase in Penh in asthmatic mice was reduced by BF administration. Furthermore, BF led to Nrf2 activation and HO-1 induction in the lungs of mice. CONCLUSIONS These data have shown the anti-asthmatic effects of BF, and therefore we expect that BF may be a potential candidate as a natural drug/nutraceutical for the prevention and treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheonju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheonju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Doo-Young Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheonju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ok-Kyoung Kwon
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheonju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Jae Jang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheonju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyuk Joon Kwon
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Gyoungseo-dong, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo-Young Kim
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Gyoungseo-dong, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su Ui Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheonju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Man Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheonju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Sol Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheonju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye In Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheonju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheonju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheonju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Mechanism of Action of Bu-Fei-Yi-Shen Formula in Treating Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Based on Network Pharmacology Analysis and Molecular Docking Validation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9105972. [PMID: 33313323 PMCID: PMC7718855 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9105972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective To explore the mechanism of action of Bu-Fei-Yi-Shen formula (BFYSF) in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) based on network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking validation. Methods First of all, the pharmacologically active ingredients and corresponding targets in BFYSF were mined by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database, the analysis platform, and literature review. Subsequently, the COPD-related targets (including the pathogenic targets and known therapeutic targets) were identified through the TTD, CTD, DisGeNet, and GeneCards databases. Thereafter, Cytoscape was employed to construct the candidate component-target network of BFYSF in the treatment of COPD. Moreover, the cytoHubba plug-in was utilized to calculate the topological parameters of nodes in the network; then, the core components and core targets of BFYSF in the treatment of COPD were extracted according to the degree value (greater than or equal to the median degree values for all nodes in the network) to construct the core network. Further, the Autodock vina software was adopted for molecular docking study on the core active ingredients and core targets, so as to verify the above-mentioned network pharmacology analysis results. Finally, the Omicshare database was applied in enrichment analysis of the biological functions of core targets and the involved signaling pathways. Results In the core component-target network of BFYSF in treating COPD, there were 30 active ingredients and 37 core targets. Enrichment analysis suggested that these 37 core targets were mainly involved in the regulation of biological functions, such as response to biological and chemical stimuli, multiple cellular life processes, immunity, and metabolism. Besides, multiple pathways, including IL-17, Toll-like receptor (TLR), TNF, and HIF-1, played certain roles in the effect of BFYSF on treating COPD. Conclusion BFYSF can treat COPD through the multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway synergistic network, which provides basic data for intensively exploring the mechanism of action of BFYSF in treating COPD.
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16
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Carrer M, Crosby JR, Sun G, Zhao C, Damle SS, Kuntz SG, Monia BP, Hart CE, Grossman TR. Antisense Oligonucleotides Targeting Jagged 1 Reduce House Dust Mite-induced Goblet Cell Metaplasia in the Adult Murine Lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:46-56. [PMID: 32176858 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0257oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Goblet cell metaplasia, excessive mucus production, and inadequate mucus clearance accompany and exacerbate multiple chronic respiratory disorders, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Notch signaling plays a central role in controlling the fate of multiple cell types in the lung, including goblet cells. In the present study, we explored the therapeutic potential of modulating the Notch pathway in the adult murine lung using chemically modified antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). To this end, we designed and characterized ASOs targeting the Notch receptors Notch1, Notch2, and Notch3 and the Notch ligands Jag1 (Jagged 1) and Jag2 (Jagged 2). Pulmonary delivery of ASOs in healthy mice or mice exposed to house dust mite, a commonly used mouse model of asthma, resulted in a significant reduction of the respective mRNAs in the lung. Furthermore, ASO-mediated knockdown of Jag1 or Notch2 in the lungs of healthy adult mice led to the downregulation of the club cell marker Scgb1a1 and the concomitant upregulation of the ciliated cell marker FoxJ1 (forkhead box J1). Similarly, ASO-mediated knockdown of Jag1 or Notch2 in the house dust mite disease model led to reduced goblet cell metaplasia and decreased mucus production. Because goblet cell metaplasia and excessive mucus secretion are a common basis for many lung pathologies, we propose that ASO-mediated inhibition of JAG1 could provide a novel therapeutic path for the treatment of multiple chronic respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tamar R Grossman
- Department of Translational Medicine, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California
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17
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Du X, Yang Y, Xiao G, Yang M, Yuan L, Qin L, He R, Wang L, Wu M, Wu S, Feng J, Xiang Y, Qu X, Liu H, Qin X, Liu C. Respiratory syncytial virus infection-induced mucus secretion by down-regulation of miR-34b/c-5p expression in airway epithelial cells. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12694-12705. [PMID: 32939938 PMCID: PMC7687004 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe RSV infection is the main cause of hospitalization to children under the age of five. The regulation of miRNAs on the severity of RSV infection is unclear. The aim of the study was to identify the critical differential expression miRNAs (DE miRNAs) that can regulate the pathological response in RSV‐infected airway epithelial cells. In this study, miRNA and mRNA chips of RSV‐infected airway epithelia from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were screened and analysed, separately. DE miRNAs‐targeted genes were performed for further pathway and process enrichment analysis. DE miRNA‐targeted gene functional network was constructed on the basis of miRNA‐mRNA interaction. The screened critical miRNA was also investigated by bioinformatics analysis. Then, RSV‐infected human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) were constructed to verify the expression of the DE miRNAs. Finally, specific synthetic DE miRNAs mimics were used to confirm the effect of DE miRNAs on the RSV‐infected HBECs. 45 DE miRNAs were identified from GEO62306 dataset. Our results showed that hsa‐mir‐34b‐5p and hsa‐mir‐34c‐5p decreased significantly in HBECs after RSV infection. Consistent with the biometric analysis, hsa‐mir‐34b/c‐5p is involved in the regulation of mucin expression gene MUC5AC. In RSV‐infected HBECs, the inducement of MUC5AC production by decreased hsa‐mir‐34b/c‐5p was partly mediated through activation of c‐Jun. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of mucus obstruction after RSV infection and represent valuable targets for RSV infection and airway obstruction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizi Du
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Basic and Clinical Research Laboratory of Major Respiratory Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gelei Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,School of Basic Medical Sciences & Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Basic and Clinical Research Laboratory of Major Respiratory Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruoxi He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Basic and Clinical Research Laboratory of Major Respiratory Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Leyuan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengping Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - ShuangYan Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juntao Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Basic and Clinical Research Laboratory of Major Respiratory Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangping Qu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoqun Qin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center of China-Africa Infectious Diseases, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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18
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Rehman S, Grigoryeva LS, Richardson KH, Corsini P, White RC, Shaw R, Portlock TJ, Dorgan B, Zanjani ZS, Fornili A, Cianciotto NP, Garnett JA. Structure and functional analysis of the Legionella pneumophila chitinase ChiA reveals a novel mechanism of metal-dependent mucin degradation. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008342. [PMID: 32365117 PMCID: PMC7224574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitinases are important enzymes that contribute to the generation of carbon and nitrogen from chitin, a long chain polymer of N-acetylglucosamine that is abundant in insects, fungi, invertebrates and fish. Although mammals do not produce chitin, chitinases have been identified in bacteria that are key virulence factors in severe respiratory, gastrointestinal and urinary diseases. However, it is unclear how these enzymes are able to carry out this dual function. Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, an often-fatal pneumonia and its chitinase ChiA is essential for the survival of L. pneumophila in the lung. Here we report the first atomic resolution insight into the pathogenic mechanism of a bacterial chitinase. We derive an experimental model of intact ChiA and show how its N-terminal region targets ChiA to the bacterial surface after its secretion. We provide the first evidence that L. pneumophila can bind mucins on its surface, but this is not dependent on ChiA. This demonstrates that additional peripheral mucin binding proteins are also expressed in L. pneumophila. We also show that the ChiA C-terminal chitinase domain has novel Zn2+-dependent peptidase activity against mammalian mucin-like proteins, namely MUC5AC and the C1-esterase inhibitor, and that ChiA promotes bacterial penetration of mucin gels. Our findings suggest that ChiA can facilitate passage of L. pneumophila through the alveolar mucosa, can modulate the host complement system and that ChiA may be a promising target for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Rehman
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lubov S. Grigoryeva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Katherine H. Richardson
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Corsini
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard C. White
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rosie Shaw
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Theo J. Portlock
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Dorgan
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zeinab S. Zanjani
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arianna Fornili
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas P. Cianciotto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - James A. Garnett
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Balkrishna A, Solleti SK, Singh H, Tomer M, Sharma N, Varshney A. Calcio-herbal formulation, Divya-Swasari-Ras, alleviates chronic inflammation and suppresses airway remodelling in mouse model of allergic asthma by modulating pro-inflammatory cytokine response. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110063. [PMID: 32145582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic allergic respiratory disease with limited therapeutic options. Here we validated the potential anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic and immunomodulatory therapeutic properties of calcio-herbal ayurvedic formulation, Divya-Swasari-Ras (DSR) in-vivo, using mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA) induced allergic asthma. HPLC analysis identified the presence of various bioactive indicating molecules and ICP-OES recognized the presence of Ca mineral in the DSR formulation. Here we show that DSR treatment significantly reduced cardinal features of allergic asthma including inflammatory cell accumulation, specifically lymphocytes and eosinophils in the Broncho-Alveolar Lavage (BAL) fluids, airway inflammation, airway remodelling, and pro-inflammatory molecules expression. Conversely, number of macrophages recoverable by BAL were increased upon DSR treatment. Histology analysis of mice lungs revealed that DSR attenuates inflammatory cell infiltration in lungs and thickening of bronchial epithelium. PAS staining confirmed the decrease in OVA-induced mucus secretion at the mucosal epithelium; and trichrome staining confirmed the decrease in peribronchial collagen deposition upon DSR treatment. DSR reduced the OVA-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α) levels in BALF and whole lung steady state mRNA levels (IL-4, -5, -33, IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-1β). Biochemical assays for markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant defence mechanism confirmed that DSR increases the activity of SOD, Catalase, GPx, GSH, GSH/GSSG ratio and decreases the levels of MDA activity, GSSG, EPO and Nitrite levels in whole lungs. Collectively, present study suggests that, DSR effectively protects against allergic airway inflammation and possess potential therapeutic option for allergic asthma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar, 249405, Uttarakhand, India; Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Siva Kumar Solleti
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar, 249405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Hoshiyar Singh
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar, 249405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Meenu Tomer
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar, 249405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Niti Sharma
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar, 249405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar, 249405, Uttarakhand, India; Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India.
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20
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Sakuma M, Khan MAS, Yasuhara S, Martyn JA, Palaniyar N. Mechanism of pulmonary immunosuppression: extrapulmonary burn injury suppresses bacterial endotoxin-induced pulmonary neutrophil recruitment and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. FASEB J 2019; 33:13602-13616. [PMID: 31577450 PMCID: PMC6894048 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901098r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary immunosuppression often occurs after burn injury (BI). However, the reasons for BI-induced pulmonary immunosuppression are not clearly understood. Neutrophil recruitment and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation (NETosis) are important components of a robust pulmonary immune response, and we hypothesized that pulmonary inflammation and NETosis are defective after BI. To test this hypothesis, we established a mouse model with intranasal LPS instillation in the presence or absence of BI (15% of body surface burn) and determined the degree of immune cell infiltration, NETosis, and the cytokine levels in the airways and blood on d 2. Presence of LPS recruited monocytes and large numbers of neutrophils to the airways and induced NETosis (citrullinated histone H3, DNA, myeloperoxidase). By contrast, BI significantly reduced LPS-mediated leukocyte recruitment and NETosis. This BI-induced immunosuppression is attributable to the reduction of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL) 2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) and CCL3 (macrophage inflammatory protein 1α). BI also suppressed LPS-induced increase in IL-17A, IL-17C, and IL-17E/IL-25 levels in the airways. Therefore, BI-mediated reduction in leukocyte recruitment and NETosis in the lungs are attributable to these cytokines. Regulating the levels of some of these key cytokines represents a potential therapeutic option for mitigating BI-mediated pulmonary immunosuppression.-Sakuma, M., Khan, M. A. S., Yasuhara, S., Martyn, J. A., Palaniyar, N. Mechanism of pulmonary immunosuppression: extrapulmonary burn injury suppresses bacterial endotoxin-induced pulmonary neutrophil recruitment and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Sakuma
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Shriners Hospitals for Children–Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mohammed A. S. Khan
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Shriners Hospitals for Children–Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shingo Yasuhara
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Shriners Hospitals for Children–Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeevendra A. Martyn
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Shriners Hospitals for Children–Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nades Palaniyar
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Shriners Hospitals for Children–Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Elieh Ali Komi D, Bjermer L. Mast Cell-Mediated Orchestration of the Immune Responses in Human Allergic Asthma: Current Insights. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2019; 56:234-247. [PMID: 30506113 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-018-8720-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Improving the lung function after experimental allergen challenge by blocking of mast cell (MC) mediators and the capability of MC mediators (including histamine, prostaglandin (PG) D2, and leukotriene (LT) C4) in induction of mucosal edema, bronchoconstriction, and mucus secretion provide evidence that MCs play a key role in pathophysiology of asthma. In asthma, the number of MCs increases in the airways and infiltration of MCs in a variety of anatomical sites including the epithelium, the submucosal glands, and the smooth muscle bundles occurs. MC localization within the ASM is accompanied with the hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the layer, and smooth muscle dysfunction that is mainly observed in forms of bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and variable airflow obstruction. Owing to the expression of a wide range of surface receptors and releasing various cytoplasmic mediators, MCs orchestrate the pathologic events of the disease. MC-released preformed mediators including chymase, tryptase, and histamine and de novo synthesized mediators such as PGD2, LTC4, and LTE4 in addition of cytokines mainly TGFβ1, TSLP, IL-33, IL-4, and IL-13 participate in pathogenesis of asthma. The release of MC mediators and MC/airway cell interactions during remodeling phase of asthma results in persistent cellular and structural changes in the airway wall mainly epithelial cell shedding, goblet cell hyperplasia, hypertrophy of ASM bundles, fibrosis in subepithelial region, abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), increased tissue vascularity, and basement membrane thickening. We will review the current knowledge regarding the participation of MCs in each stage of asthma pathophysiology including the releasing mediators and their mechanism of action, expression of receptors by which they respond to stimuli, and finally the pharmaceutical products designed based on the strategy of blocking MC activation and mediator release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Elieh Ali Komi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Inst for Clinical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Lung and Allergy Research, Skane University Hospital, Lasarettsgatan 7, 22185, Lund, Sweden.
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22
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Zhu L, An L, Ran D, Lizarraga R, Bondy C, Zhou X, Harper RW, Liao SY, Chen Y. The Club Cell Marker SCGB1A1 Downstream of FOXA2 is Reduced in Asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:695-704. [PMID: 30576223 PMCID: PMC6543749 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0199oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human SCGB1A1 protein has been shown to be significantly reduced in BAL, sputum, and serum from humans with asthma as compared with healthy individuals. However, the mechanism of this reduction and its functional impact have not been entirely elucidated. By mining online datasets, we found that the mRNA of SCGB1A1 was significantly repressed in brushed human airway epithelial cells from individuals with asthma, and this repression appeared to be associated with reduced expression of FOXA2. Consistently, both Scgb1A1 and FoxA2 were downregulated in an ovalbumin-induced mouse model of asthma. Furthermore, compared with wild-type mice, Scgb1a1 knockout mice had increased airway hyperreactivity and inflammation when they were exposed to ovalbumin, confirming the antiinflammatory role of Scgb1a1 in protection against asthma phenotypes. To search for potential asthma-related stimuli of SCGB1A1 repression, we tested T-helper cell type 2 cytokines. Both IL-4 and IL-13 repressed epithelial expression of SCGB1A1 and FOXA2. Importantly, infection of epithelial cells with human rhinovirus similarly reduced expression of these two genes, which suggests that FOXA2 may be the common regulator of SCGB1A1. To establish the causal role of reduced FOXA2 in SCGB1A1 repression, we demonstrated that FOXA2 was required for SCGB1A1 expression at baseline. FOXA2 overexpression was sufficient to drive promoter activity and expression of SCGB1A1 and was also able to restore the repressed SCGB1A1 expression in IL-13-treated or rhinovirus-infected cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that low levels of epithelial SCGB1A1 in asthma are caused by reduced FOXA2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy
| | - Lingling An
- Department of Epidemiology Biostatistics
- Interdisciplinary Program in Statistics
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, and
| | - Di Ran
- Department of Epidemiology Biostatistics
| | - Rosa Lizarraga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy
| | - Cheryl Bondy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy
| | - Xu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy
| | - Richart W. Harper
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Shu-Yi Liao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Yin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
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Polverino F, Rojas-Quintero J, Wang X, Petersen H, Zhang L, Gai X, Higham A, Zhang D, Gupta K, Rout A, Yambayev I, Pinto-Plata V, Sholl LM, Cunoosamy D, Celli BR, Goldring J, Singh D, Tesfaigzi Y, Wedzicha J, Olsson H, Owen CA. A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase Domain-8: A Novel Protective Proteinase in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 198:1254-1267. [PMID: 29750543 PMCID: PMC6290938 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201707-1331oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE ADAM8 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-8) is expressed by leukocytes and epithelial cells in health, but its contribution to the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine whether the expression of ADAM8 is increased in the lungs of patients with COPD and cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed mice, and whether ADAM8 promotes the development of COPD. METHODS ADAM8 levels were measured in lung, sputum, plasma, and/or BAL fluid samples from patients with COPD, smokers, and nonsmokers, and wild-type (WT) mice exposed to CS versus air. COPD-like lung pathologies were compared in CS-exposed WT versus Adam8-/- mice. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS ADAM8 immunostaining was reduced in macrophages, and alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells in the lungs of patients with COPD versus control subjects, and CS- versus air-exposed WT mice. ADAM8 levels were similar in plasma, sputum, and BAL fluid samples from patients with COPD and control subjects. CS-exposed Adam8-/- mice had greater airspace enlargement and airway mucus cell metaplasia than WT mice, but similar small airway fibrosis. CS-exposed Adam8-/- mice had higher lung macrophage counts, oxidative stress levels, and alveolar septal cell death rates, but lower alveolar septal cell proliferation rates and soluble epidermal growth factor receptor BAL fluid levels than WT mice. Adam8 deficiency increased lung inflammation by reducing CS-induced activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in macrophages. Human ADAM8 proteolytically shed the epidermal growth factor receptor from bronchial epithelial cells to reduce mucin expression in vitro. Adam8 bone marrow chimera studies revealed that Adam8 deficiency in leukocytes and lung parenchymal cells contributed to the exaggerated COPD-like disease in Adam8-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Adam8 deficiency increases CS-induced lung inflammation, emphysema, and airway mucus cell metaplasia. Strategies that increase or prolong ADAM8's expression in the lung may have therapeutic efficacy in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Polverino
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
- The Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Hans Petersen
- The Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Xiaoyan Gai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Andrew Higham
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, University of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Duo Zhang
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Amit Rout
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | | | | | - Lynette M. Sholl
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Danen Cunoosamy
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bartolomé R. Celli
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
- The Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | - Dave Singh
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, University of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jadwiga Wedzicha
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henric Olsson
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Caroline A. Owen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
- The Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Atanasova KR, Reznikov LR. Neuropeptides in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis. Respir Res 2018; 19:149. [PMID: 30081920 PMCID: PMC6090699 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nervous system mediates key airway protective behaviors, including cough, mucus secretion, and airway smooth muscle contraction. Thus, its involvement and potential involvement in several airway diseases has become increasingly recognized. In the current review, we focus on the contribution of select neuropeptides in three distinct airway diseases: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis. We present data on some well-studied neuropeptides, as well as call attention to a few that have not received much consideration. Because mucus hypersecretion and mucus obstruction are common features of many airway diseases, we place special emphasis on the contribution of neuropeptides to mucus secretion. Finally, we highlight evidence implicating involvement of neuropeptides in mucus phenotypes in asthma, COPD and cystic fibrosis, as well as bring to light knowledge that is still lacking in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina R Atanasova
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, PO Box 100144, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Leah R Reznikov
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, PO Box 100144, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Saco TV, Breitzig MT, Lockey RF, Kolliputi N. Epigenetics of Mucus Hypersecretion in Chronic Respiratory Diseases. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:299-309. [PMID: 29096066 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0072tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis are three chronic pulmonary diseases that affect an estimated 420 million individuals across the globe. A key factor contributing to each of these conditions is mucus hypersecretion. Although management of these diseases is vastly studied, researchers have only begun to scratch the surface of the mechanisms contributing to mucus hypersecretion. Epigenetic regulation of mucus hypersecretion, other than microRNA post-translational modification, is even more scarcely researched. Detailed study of epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modification, could not only help to better the understanding of these respiratory conditions but also reveal new treatments for them. Because mucus hypersecretion is such a complex event, there are innumerable genes involved in the process, which are beyond the scope of a single review. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to narrow the focus and summarize specific epigenetic research that has been conducted on a few aspects of mucus hypersecretion in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and some cancers. Specifically, this review emphasizes the contribution of DNA methylation and histone modification of particular genes involved in mucus hypersecretion to identify possible targets for the development of future therapies for these conditions. Elucidating the role of epigenetics in these respiratory diseases may provide a breath of fresh air to millions of affected individuals around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara V Saco
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Mason T Breitzig
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Richard F Lockey
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Narasaiah Kolliputi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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26
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Wang X, Polverino F, Rojas-Quintero J, Zhang D, Sánchez J, Yambayev I, Lindqvist E, Virtala R, Djukanovic R, Davies DE, Wilson S, O'Donnell R, Cunoosamy D, Hazon P, Higham A, Singh D, Olsson H, Owen CA. A Disintegrin and A Metalloproteinase-9 (ADAM9): A Novel Proteinase Culprit with Multifarious Contributions to COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 198:1500-1518. [PMID: 29864380 PMCID: PMC6298633 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201711-2300oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proteinases with a disintegrin and a metalloproteinase domain (ADAMs) have not been well studied in COPD. We investigated whether ADAM9 is linked to COPD in humans and mice. METHODS ADAM9 blood and lung levels were measured in COPD patients versus controls, and air- versus cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed wild-type (WT) mice. WT and Adam9-/- mice were exposed to air or CS for 1-6 months, and COPD-like lung pathologies were measured. RESULTS ADAM9 staining was increased in lung epithelial cells and macrophages in smokers and even more so in COPD patients and correlated directly with pack-year smoking history and inversely with airflow obstruction and/or FEV1 % predicted. Bronchial epithelial cell ADAM9 mRNA levels were higher in COPD patients than controls and correlated directly with pack-year smoking history. Plasma, BALF and sputum ADAM9 levels were similar in COPD patients and controls. CS exposure increased Adam9 levels in WT murine lungs. Adam9-/- mice were protected from emphysema development, small airway fibrosis, and airway mucus metaplasia. CS-exposed Adam9-/- mice had reduced lung macrophage counts, alveolar septal cell apoptosis, lung elastin degradation, and shedding of VEGFR2 and EGFR in BALF samples. Recombinant ADAM9 sheds EGF and VEGF receptors from epithelial cells to reduce activation of the Akt pro-survival pathway and increase cellular apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS ADAM9 levels are increased in COPD lungs and linked to key clinical variables. Adam9 promotes emphysema development, and large and small airway disease in mice. Inhibition of ADAM9 could be a therapeutic approach for multiple COPD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1861, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Francesca Polverino
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Duo Zhang
- Boston University, 1846, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - José Sánchez
- AstraZeneca R&D, Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, Gothenburgh, Sweden
| | - Ilyas Yambayev
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1861, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Eva Lindqvist
- AstraZeneca R&D , Department of Translational Biology, Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity IMED, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert Virtala
- AstraZeneca R&D , Department of Translational Biology, Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity IMED, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ratko Djukanovic
- Southampton University, Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Donna E Davies
- Brooke Laboratory, Infection, Inflammation & Repair, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Susan Wilson
- University of Southampton, 7423, Southampton, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | | | - Danen Cunoosamy
- AstraZeneca, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune iMed, Molndal, Sweden
| | - Petra Hazon
- AstraZeneca R&D , Department of Translational Biology, Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity IMED, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew Higham
- University of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Dave Singh
- North West Lung Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Henric Olsson
- AstraZeneca R&D , Department of Translational Biology, Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity IMED, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Caroline A Owen
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States ;
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Gao J, Wang W. Tripterine alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced airway epithelial barrier dysfunction through suppressing the Hippo pathway. RSC Adv 2018; 8:39696-39702. [PMID: 35558034 PMCID: PMC9091325 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08614a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies show that airway epithelial barrier dysfunction is closely associated with allergic inflammation and asthma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Pediatrics
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University
- Kaifeng 475000
- P. R. China
| | - Wenying Wang
- Department of Pediatrics
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University
- Kaifeng 475000
- P. R. China
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28
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Juergens LJ, Racké K, Tuleta I, Stoeber M, Juergens UR. Anti-inflammatory effects of 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) improve glucocorticoid effects in vitro: A novel approach of steroid-sparing add-on therapy for COPD and asthma? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.synres.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Kim YH, Choi YJ, Lee EJ, Kang MK, Park SH, Kim DY, Oh H, Park SJ, Kang YH. Novel glutathione-containing dry-yeast extracts inhibit eosinophilia and mucus overproduction in a murine model of asthma. Nutr Res Pract 2017; 11:461-469. [PMID: 29209456 PMCID: PMC5712496 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2017.11.6.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBSECTIVE Airway inflammation by eosinophils, neutrophils and alveolar macrophages is a characteristic feature of asthma that leads to pathological subepithelial thickening and remodeling. Our previous study showed that oxidative stress in airways resulted in eosinophilia and epithelial apoptosis. The current study investigated whether glutathione-containing dry yeast extract (dry-YE) ameliorated eosinophilia, goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus overproduction. MATERIALS/METHOD This study employed 2 µg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or 20 ng/mL eotaxin-1-exposed human bronchial epithelial cells and ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged mice. Dry-YE employed in this study contained a significant amount of glutathione (140 mg in 100 g dry yeast). RESULTS Human bronchial epithelial cell eotaxin-1 and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) were markedly induced by the endotoxin LPS, which was dose-dependently attenuated by nontoxic dry-YE at 10-50 µg/mL. Moreover, dry-YE inhibited the MUC5AC induction enhanced by eotaxin-1, indicating that eotaxin-1-mediated eosinophilia may prompt the MUC5AC induction. Oral supplementation with 10-100 mg/kg dry-YE inhibited inflammatory cell accumulation in airway subepithelial regions with a reduction of lung tissue level of intracellular adhesion molecule-1. In addition, ≥ 50 mg/kg dry-YE diminished the lung tissue levels of eotaxin-1, eosinophil major basic protein and MUC5AC in OVA-exposed mice. Alcian blue/periodic acid schiff staining revealed that the dry-YE supplementation inhibited goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus overproduction in the trachea and bronchiolar airways of OVA-challenged mice. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress may be involved in the induction of eotaxin-1 and MUC5AC by endotoxin episode and OVA challenge. Dry-YE effectively ameliorated oxidative stress-responsive epithelial eosinophilia and mucus-secreting goblet cell hyperplasia in cellular and murine models of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ho Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1, Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea
| | - Yean-Jung Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1, Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1, Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1, Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea
| | - Sin-Hye Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1, Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea
| | - Dong Yeon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1, Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea
| | - Hyeongjoo Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1, Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea
| | - Sang-Jae Park
- Mediense Co. Ltd., 32 Soyanggang-ro, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24232, Korea
| | - Young-Hee Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1, Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea
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Xia Y, Cai PC, Yu F, Xiong L, He XL, Rao SS, Chen F, Yang XP, Ma WL, Ye H. IL-4-induced caveolin-1-containing lipid rafts aggregation contributes to MUC5AC synthesis in bronchial epithelial cells. Respir Res 2017; 18:174. [PMID: 28931396 PMCID: PMC5607571 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0657-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mucus overproduction is an important feature of asthma. Interleukin (IL)-4 is required for allergen-induced airway inflammation and mucus production. MUC5AC gene expression is regulated by transcript factors NF-κB. The intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) signal is required for activation of NF-κB. The transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1) channel has been shown to contribute for agonist-stimulated Ca2+ influx in some types of cells. However, the relationships among IL-4, TRPC1 and mucus overproduction in bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) in asthma are poorly understood. Methods BECs were isolated from large bronchial airway of rats and used as cell model. To present changes of lipid raft, caveolin-1 and TRPC1, immunofluorescence staining and sucrose gradient centrifugation were performed. [Ca2+]i was measured after loading with Fura-2. NF-κB activities were measured by an ELISA-based assay. MUC5AC mRNA and protein levels were detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA analysis and immunofluorescence staining respectively. Results IL-4 induced Ca2+ influx in BECs, and this was blocked by a Ca2+ influx inhibitor (2-APB). 2-APB also prevented MUC5AC protein synthesis induced by IL-4. Depletion of extracellular Ca2+ resulted in partial decrease in expression of MUC5AC in IL-4 treated cells. NF-κB rather than STAT6 activation mediated IL-4-induced MUC5AC protein synthesis. Then the mechanism of Ca2+ influx was investigated. Immunofluorescence staining and sucrose gradient centrifugation revealed that caveolin-1-containing lipid rafts aggregation was involved in TRPC1 activation and Ca2+ influx in BECs. Lastly, the data revealed that blocking lipid rafts aggregation exactly prevented Ca2+ influx, NF-κB activation and MUC5AC synthesis induced by IL-4. Conclusions Our results indicate that IL-4-induced caveolin-1-containing lipid rafts aggregation at least partly contributes to MUC5AC synthesis in BECs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-017-0657-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin-Liang He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shan-Shan Rao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang-Ping Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China. .,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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31
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Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are both common respiratory diseases that are associated with airflow reduction/obstruction and pulmonary inflammation. Whilst drug therapies offer adequate symptom control for many mild to moderate asthmatic patients, severe asthmatics and COPD patients symptoms are often not controlled, and in these cases, irreversible structural damage occurs with disease progression over time. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, in particular TRPV1, TRPA1, TRPV4 and TRPM8, have been implicated with roles in the regulation of inflammation and autonomic nervous control of the lungs. Evidence suggests that inflammation elevates levels of activators and sensitisers of TRP channels and additionally that TRP channel expression may be increased, resulting in excessive channel activation. The enhanced activity of these channels is thought to then play a key role in the propagation and maintenance of the inflammatory disease state and neuronal symptoms such as bronchoconstriction and cough. For TRPM8 the evidence is less clear, but as with TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPV4, antagonists are being developed by multiple companies for indications including asthma and COPD, which will help in elucidating their role in respiratory disease.
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Protective effect of polyacetylene from Dendropanax morbifera Leveille leaves on pulmonary inflammation induced by cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Lee JW, Park JW, Kwon OK, Lee HJ, Jeong HG, Kim JH, Oh SR, Ahn KS. NPS2143 Inhibits MUC5AC and Proinflammatory Mediators in Cigarette Smoke Extract (CSE)-Stimulated Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Inflammation 2017; 40:184-194. [PMID: 27866297 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0468-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mucus overproduction is a fundamental hallmark of COPD that is caused by exposure to cigarette smoke. MUC5AC is one of the main mucin genes expressed in the respiratory epithelium, and its transcriptional upregulation often correlates with increased mucus secretion. Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) antagonists have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective role of NPS2143, a selective CaSR antagonist on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-stimulated NCI-H292 mucoepidermoid human lung cells. Treatment of NPS2143 significantly inhibited the expression of MUC5AC in CSE-stimulated H292 cells. NPS2143 reduced the expression of MMP-9 in CSE-stimulated H292 cells. NPS2143 also decreased the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α in CSE-stimulated H292 cells. Furthermore, NPS2143 attenuated the activation of MAPKs (JNK, p38, and ERK) and inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in CSE-stimulated H292 cells. These results indicate that NPS2143 had a therapeutic potential in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Chungju-si, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Chungju-si, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Kyoung Kwon
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Chungju-si, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Chungju-si, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Chungju-si, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Hussein MH, Sobhy KE, Sabry IM, El Serafi AT, Toraih EA. Beta 2-adrenergic receptor gene haplotypes and bronchodilator response in Egyptian patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Adv Med Sci 2017; 62:193-201. [PMID: 28327457 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a multi-factorial disorder caused by environmental determinants and genetic risk factors. Understanding the genetic predisposition of COPD is essential to develop personalized treatment regimens. Beta2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene polymorphisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of obstructive pulmonary diseases. This study was conducted to assess the genetic association between Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu polymorphisms and COPD in the Egyptian patients, and to analyze their impact on the clinical outcome and therapeutic response. PATIENTS/METHODS The study population included 115 participants (61 COPD patients and 54 healthy controls) were genotyped for the Arg16Gly (rs1042713) and Gln27Glu (rs1042714) polymorphisms. Pulmonary function test was done and repeated in patients after salbutamol inhalation. RESULTS The Gly16 and Gln27 alleles represented 57% and 70% of the whole study population, and only 3 haplotypes were detected; Arg16/Gln27, Gly16/Gln27, and Gly16/Glu27. Genotypes and haplotypes homozygous for Arg16 and Gln27 were more likely to develop COPD (p<0.05). However, individuals carrying Glu27 allele conferred protection against COPD development (p=0.002). Furthermore, Arg16 genotypes and haplotypes were significantly associated with higher grades of dyspnea, more COPD symptoms and frequent exacerbations. In contrast, patients carrying Glu27 allele had better bronchial airway responsiveness to β2-agonists. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that the ADRB2 gene polymorphisms may have vital role in COPD risk, severity, and bronchodilator response among Egyptian population. Larger epidemiological studies are needed for results validation.
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Kinaret P, Ilves M, Fortino V, Rydman E, Karisola P, Lähde A, Koivisto J, Jokiniemi J, Wolff H, Savolainen K, Greco D, Alenius H. Inhalation and Oropharyngeal Aspiration Exposure to Rod-Like Carbon Nanotubes Induce Similar Airway Inflammation and Biological Responses in Mouse Lungs. ACS NANO 2017; 11:291-303. [PMID: 28045493 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have the potential to impact technological and industrial progress, but their production and use may, in some cases, cause serious health problems. Certain rod-shaped multiwalled CNTs (rCNTs) can, in fact, induce severe asbestos-like pathogenicity in mice, including granuloma formation, fibrosis, and even cancer. Evaluating the comparability between alternative hazard assessment methods is needed to ensure fast and reliable evaluation of the potentially adverse effects of these materials. To compare two alternative airway exposure methods, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to rCNTs by a state-of-the-art but laborious and expensive inhalation method (6.2-8.2 mg/m3, 4 h/day for 4 days) or by oropharyngeal aspiration (10 or 40 μg/day for 4 days), which is cheaper and easier to perform. In addition to histological and cytological studies, transcriptome analysis was also carried out on the lung tissue samples. Both inhalation and low-dose (10 μg/day) aspiration exposure to rCNTs promoted strong accumulation of eosinophils in the lungs and recruited also a few neutrophils and lymphocytes. In contrast, the aspiration of a high-dose (40 μg/day) rCNT caused only a mild pulmonary eosinophilia but enhanced accumulation of neutrophils in the airways. Inhalation and low-dose aspiration exposure promoted comparable giant cell formation, mucus production, and IL-13 expression in the lungs. Both exposure methods also exacerbated similar expression alterations with 154 (56.4%) differentially expressed, overlapping genes in microarray analyses. Of all differentially expressed genes, up to 80% of the activated biological functions were shared according to pathway enrichment analyses. Inhalation and low-dose aspiration elicited very similar pulmonary inflammation providing evidence that oropharyngeal aspiration is a valid approach and a convenient alternative to the inhalation exposure for the hazard assessment of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elina Rydman
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Helsinki 00251, Finland
| | | | - Anna Lähde
- Fine Particle and Aerosol Technology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio 80100, Finland
| | - Joonas Koivisto
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Jorma Jokiniemi
- Fine Particle and Aerosol Technology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio 80100, Finland
| | - Henrik Wolff
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Helsinki 00251, Finland
| | - Kai Savolainen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Helsinki 00251, Finland
| | | | - Harri Alenius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
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36
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Wu YP, Wu YF, Zhang C, Zhou HB, Cao C, Li M, Zhu C, Ying SM, Chen ZH, Shen HH, Li W. Activating Transcription Factor 3 Is Essential for Cigarette Smoke-Induced Mucin Expression via Interaction with Activator Protein-1. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 187:280-291. [PMID: 27912076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mucus hypersecretion is an important pathologic feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is an adaptive-response gene that participates in various cellular processes. However, little is known about its role in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced mucus hyperproduction. This study aimed to investigate the role and molecular mechanisms of ATF3 in CS-induced Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) expression. ATF3 was elevated in lung tissues of mice exposed to CS for 12 weeks. Treatment with CS extract significantly induced ATF3 expression and MUC5AC production in human bronchial epithelial cells, NCI-H292, and mouse tracheal epithelial cells. Interference of ATF3 significantly attenuated CS-induced MUC5AC expression in NCI-H292 and human bronchial epithelial cells. Mouse tracheal epithelial cells isolated from Atf3-/- mice also exhibited less MUC5AC production in response to CS extract treatment. In vivo, the Atf3-/- mice also displayed a significantly reduced mucus production relative to wild-type controls in response to chronic CS exposure. Furthermore, a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed increased ATF3 binding to the MUC5AC promoter after CS treatment, and this transcriptional binding was significantly inhibited by knockdown of JUN, a subunit of activator protein-1. These results demonstrate that ATF3 may be involved in activator protein-1 signaling and transcriptional promotion of CS-induced MUC5AC expression in airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Fang Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Bin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song-Min Ying
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hua-Hao Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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37
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Abstract
In recent years, thousands of publications on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its related biology have entered the world literature, reflecting the increasing scientific and medical interest in this devastating condition. This article is a selective review of several important emerging themes that offer the hope of creating new classes of COPD medicines. Whereas basic science is parsing molecular pathways in COPD, its comorbidities, and asthma COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) with unprecedented sophistication, clinical translation is disappointingly slow. The article therefore also considers solutions to current difficulties that are impeding progress in translating insights from basic science into clinically useful treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary P Anderson
- Lung Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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38
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Xie T, Luo G, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang X, Wu M, Li G. Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil reduces allergic airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion by regulating STAT6 and NFκB. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 45:1812-22. [PMID: 26245530 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway mucus hypersecretion is a key pathophysiological feature in asthma. Fasudil, a selective Rho-A/Rho kinase inhibitor, has been used in clinical trials to treat pulmonary hypertension. However, its function in modulating airway mucus hypersecretion in asthma remains undefined. OBJECTIVE We examined whether fasudil, a selective Rho-A/Rho kinase inhibitor, affects the mucus hypersecretion by suppressing MUC5AC via signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 6 (STAT6) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) in mice and cells. METHODS We measured mucus secretion and the expression of Rho-kinase in the airway tissue of patients with asthma. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) followed with fasudil treatment. The lung tissues were assessed for airway inflammation and mucus secretion. Cytokine levels and airway responsiveness were determined. STAT6 and NFκB were quantified by Western blot. 16HBE cells were stimulated with house dust mite (HDM) extracts. MUC5AC and muc5ac promoter activities were measured. Using siRNA to knockdown STAT6 in epithelial cells, we determined the impact of STAT6 on muc5ac promoter activity. NFκB nuclear translocation was observed with immunostaining. RESULTS Fasudil administration significantly decreased the number of inflammatory cells, inflammation index in the lung and airway responsiveness. Fasudil also reduced mucous secretion and MUC5AC expression in OVA-challenged mice. Fasudil down-regulated the levels of IL-17, IL-4 and IL-13 in the lung tissue of OVA-challenged mice. Fasudil also decreased the expression and phosphorylation of NFκB and STAT6 as well as the nuclear translocation of NFκB. In addition, human airway epithelial cells (16HBE) were challenged with HDM extracts and then treated with fasudil. Fasudil inhibited HDM extract-induced MUC5AC expression, which is associated with a reduction in STAT6 and NFκB in epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings indicate that the Rho-A/Rho kinase inhibitor, fasudil, plays a negative regulatory role in allergen-induced mucus secretion and MUC5AC expression by regulating STAT6 and NFκB.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Xie
- Inflammations & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Gy Luo
- Staff Health Clinic, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Inflammations & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - X Wang
- Inflammations & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xy Wang
- Inflammations & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - M Wu
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Gp Li
- Inflammations & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Luteolin Attenuates Airway Mucus Overproduction via Inhibition of the GABAergic System. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32756. [PMID: 27595800 PMCID: PMC5011760 DOI: 10.1038/srep32756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway mucus overproduction is one of the most common symptoms of asthma that causes severe clinical outcomes in patients. Despite the effectiveness of general asthma therapies, specific treatments that prevent mucus overproduction in asthma patients remain lacking. Recent studies have found that activation of GABAA receptors (GABAAR) is important for promoting mucus oversecretion in lung airway epithelia. Here, we report that luteolin, a natural flavonoid compound, suppresses mucus overproduction by functionally inhibiting the GABAergic system. This hypothesis was investigated by testing the effects of luteolin on goblet cell hyperplasia, excessive mucus secretion, and GABAergic transmission using histological and electrophysiological approaches. Our results showed that 10 mg/kg luteolin significantly decreased the number of goblet cells in the lung tissue and inhibited mucus overproduction in an in vivo asthma model induced by ovalbumin (OVA) in mice. Patch-clamp recordings showed that luteolin inhibited GABAAR-mediated currents in A549 cells. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of luteolin on OVA-induced goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus overproduction were occluded by the GABAAR antagonist picrotoxin. In conclusion, our observations indicate that luteolin effectively attenuates mucus overproduction at least partially by inhibiting GABAARs, suggesting the potential for therapeutic administration of luteolin in the treatment of mucus overproduction in asthma patients.
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40
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Ko JW, Park JW, Shin NR, Kim JH, Cho YK, Shin DH, Kim JC, Lee IC, Oh SR, Ahn KS, Shin IS. Copper oxide nanoparticle induces inflammatory response and mucus production via MAPK signaling in human bronchial epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 43:21-26. [PMID: 26934431 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Copper nanoparticles (CuONPs) can pose risks to industrial workers. With increase of its applications especially in electronic fields, it is necessary to assess the toxicity of CuONPs, including pulmonary toxicity. In this study, we investigated the effect of CuONPs on human epithelial cell line H292. CuONPs treatment caused a significant increase in IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expression and protein levels in H292 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The mRNA expression and protein levels of MUC5AC were consistent with those of proinflammatory mediators. Additionally, CuONPs treatment increased phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), Erk, JNK, and p-38 compared to that of control in a concentration-dependent manner. However, co-treatment with CuONPs and each MAPK inhibitor significantly decreased the phosphorylation of each MAPK, resulting in decreased mRNA expression and protein levels of proinflammatory mediators and MUC5AC compared to that in H292 cells only treated with CuONPs. In summary, CuONPs-induced inflammatory mediators and MUC5AC associated with MAPKs phosphorylation. Our results will provide useful information on CuONPs-induced pulmonary toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Won Ko
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 363-883, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Rae Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea; Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 363-883, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Cho
- College of Health Sciences, Cheongju University, 298 Daesung-ro, Sangdang-gu, Cheongju-si 360-764, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chul Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 363-883, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 363-883, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Sik Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
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41
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Abstract
Objective: To focus on the asthmatic pathogenesis and clinical manifestations related to epithelial sodium channel (ENaC)/chlorine ion channel. Data Sources: The data analyzed in this review were the English articles from 1980 to 2015 from journal databases, primarily PubMed and Google Scholar. The terms used in the literature search were: (1) ENaCs; cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR); asthma/asthmatic, (2) ENaC/sodium salt; CF; asthma/asthmatic, (3) CFTR/chlorine ion channels; asthma/asthmatic, (4) ENaC/sodium channel/scnn1a/scnn1b/scnn1g/scnn1d/amiloride-sensitive/amiloride-inhibtable sodium channels/sodium salt; asthma/asthmatic, lung/pulmonary/respiratory/tracheal/alveolar, and (5) CFTR; CF; asthma/asthmatic (ti). Study Selection: These studies included randomized controlled trials or studies covering asthma pathogenesis and clinical manifestations related to ENaC/chlorine ion channels within the last 25 years (from 1990 to 2015). The data involving chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and CF obtained from individual studies were also reviewed by the authors. Results: Airway surface liquid dehydration can cause airway inflammation and obstruction. ENaC and CFTR are closely related to the airway mucociliary clearance. Ion transporters may play a critical role in pathogenesis of asthmatic exacerbations. Conclusions: Ion channels have been the center of many studies aiming to understand asthmatic pathophysiological mechanisms or to identify therapeutic targets for better control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Beijing 100020, China; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Texas Lung Injury Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler Texas 75708, USA,
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Oñatibia-Astibia A, Martínez-Pinilla E, Franco R. The potential of methylxanthine-based therapies in pediatric respiratory tract diseases. Respir Med 2016; 112:1-9. [PMID: 26880379 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine, theophylline and theobromine are the most known methylxanthines as they are present in coffee, tea and/or chocolate. In the last decades, a huge experimental effort has been devoted to get insight into the variety of actions that these compounds exert in humans. From such knowledge it is known that methylxanthines have a great potential in prevention, therapy and/or management of a variety of diseases. The benefits of methylxanthine-based therapies in the apnea of prematurity and their translational potential in pediatric affections of the respiratory tract are here presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Martínez-Pinilla
- Neuroscience Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Rafael Franco
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, IBUB, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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Park SH, Gong JH, Choi YJ, Kang MK, Kim YH, Kang YH. Kaempferol Inhibits Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated Mucus Hypersecretion in Airway Epithelial Cells And Ovalbumin-Sensitized Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143526. [PMID: 26599511 PMCID: PMC4657928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus hypersecretion is an important pathological feature of chronic airway diseases, such as asthma and pulmonary diseases. MUC5AC is a major component of the mucus matrix forming family of mucins in the airways. The initiation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mediated stress responses contributes to the pathogenesis of airway diseases. The present study investigated that ER stress was responsible for airway mucus production and this effect was blocked by the flavonoid kaempferol. Oral administration of ≥10 mg/kg kaempferol suppressed mucus secretion and goblet cell hyperplasia observed in the bronchial airway and lung of BALB/c mice sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA). TGF-β and tunicamycin promoted MUC5AC induction after 72 h in human bronchial airway epithelial BEAS-2B cells, which was dampened by 20 μM kaempferol. Kaempferol inhibited tunicamycin-induced ER stress of airway epithelial cells through disturbing the activation of the ER transmembrane sensor ATF6 and IRE1α. Additionally, this compound demoted the induction of ER chaperones such as GRP78 and HSP70 and the splicing of XBP-1 mRNA by tunicamycin. The in vivo study further revealed that kaempferol attenuated the induction of XBP-1 and IRE1α in epithelial tissues of OVA-challenged mice. TGF-β and tunicamycin induced TRAF2 with JNK activation and such induction was deterred by kaempferol. The inhibition of JNK activation encumbered the XBP-1 mRNA splicing and MUC5AC induction by tunicamycin and TGF-β. These results demonstrate that kaempferol alleviated asthmatic mucus hypersecretion through blocking bronchial epithelial ER stress via the inhibition of IRE1α-TRAF2-JNK activation. Therefore, kaempferol may be a potential therapeutic agent targeting mucus hypersecretion-associated pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Hye Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Gong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yean-Jung Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yun-Ho Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Young-Hee Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Yamada M, Ichinose M. Cutting edge of COPD therapy: current pharmacological therapy and future direction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40749-015-0009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Dilly AK, Song X, Zeh HJ, Guo ZS, Lee YJ, Bartlett DL, Choudry HA. Mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibition reduces mucin 2 production and mucinous tumor growth. Transl Res 2015; 166:344-54. [PMID: 25890193 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of mucin 2 (MUC2) protein (a gel-forming secreted mucin) within the peritoneal cavity is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP), a unique mucinous malignancy of the appendix. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is upregulated in PMP and has been shown to modulate MUC2 promoter activity. We hypothesized that targeted inhibition of the MAPK pathway would be a novel, effective, and safe therapeutic strategy to reduce MUC2 production and mucinous tumor growth. We tested RDEA119, a specific MEK1/2 (MAPK extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK] kinase) inhibitor, in MUC2-secreting LS174T cells, human PMP explant tissue, and in a unique intraperitoneal murine xenograft model of PMP. RDEA119 reduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and inhibited MUC2 messenger RNA and protein expression in vitro. In the xenograft model, chronic oral therapy with RDEA119 inhibited mucinous tumor growth in an MAPK pathway-dependent manner and this translated into a significant improvement in survival. RDEA119 downregulated phosphorylated ERK1/2 and nuclear factor κB p65 protein signaling and reduced activating protein 1 (AP1) transcription factor binding to the MUC2 promoter in LS174T cells. This study provides a preclinical rationale for the use of MEK inhibitors to treat patients with PMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K Dilly
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Xinxin Song
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Zong S Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yong J Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - David L Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Haroon A Choudry
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA.
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Exploring the role and diversity of mucins in health and disease with special insight into non-communicable diseases. Glycoconj J 2015; 32:575-613. [PMID: 26239922 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mucins are major glycoprotein components of the mucus that coats the surfaces of cells lining the respiratory, digestive, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts. They function to protect epithelial cells from infection, dehydration and physical or chemical injury, as well as to aid the passage of materials through a tract i.e., lubrication. They are also implicated in the pathogenesis of benign and malignant diseases of secretory epithelial cells. In Human there are two types of mucins, membrane-bound and secreted that are originated from mucous producing goblet cells localized in the epithelial cell layer or in mucous producing glands and encoded by MUC gene. Mucins belong to a heterogeneous family of high molecular weight proteins composed of a long peptidic chain with a large number of tandem repeats that form the so-called mucin domain. The molecular weight is generally high, ranging between 0.2 and 10 million Dalton and all mucins contain one or more domains which are highly glycosylated. The size and number of repeats vary between mucins and the genetic polymorphism represents number of repeats (VNTR polymorphisms), which means the size of individual mucins can differ substantially between individuals which can be used as markers. In human it is only MUC1 and MUC7 that have mucin domains with less than 40% serine and threonine which in turn could reduce number of PTS domains. Mucins can be considered as powerful two-edged sword, as its normal function protects from unwanted substances and organisms at an arm's length while, malfunction of mucus may be an important factor in human diseases. In this review we have unearthed the current status of different mucin proteins in understanding its role and function in various non-communicable diseases in human with special reference to its organ specific locations. The findings described in this review may be of direct relevance to the major research area in biomedicine with reference to mucin and mucin associated diseases.
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Ge A, Liu Y, Zeng X, Kong H, Ma Y, Zhang J, Bai F, Huang M. Effect of diosmetin on airway remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:604-11. [PMID: 26033789 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma, one of the most common allergic diseases, is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), inflammation, and remodeling. The anti-oxidant flavone aglycone diosmetin ameliorates the inflammation in pancreatitis, but little is known about its impact on asthma. In this study, the effects of diosmetin on chronic asthma were investigated with an emphasis on the modulation of airway remodeling in BALB/c mice challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). It was found that diosmetin significantly relieved inflammatory cell infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, and collagen deposition in the lungs of asthmatic mice and notably reduced AHR in these animals. The OVA-induced increases in total cell and eosinophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were reversed, and the level of OVA-specific immunoglobulin E in serum was attenuated by diosmetin administration, implying an anti-Th2 activity of diosmetin. Furthermore, diosmetin remarkably suppressed the expression of smooth muscle actin alpha chain, indicating a potent anti-proliferative effect of diosmetin on airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). Matrix metallopeptidase-9, transforming growth factor-β1, and vascular endothelial growth factor levels were also alleviated by diosmetin, suggesting that the remission of airway remodeling might be attributed to the decline of these proteins. Taken together, our findings provided a novel profile of diosmetin with anti-remodeling therapeutic benefits, highlighting a new potential of diosmetin in remitting the ASMC proliferation in chronic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ge
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaoning Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hui Kong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Fangfang Bai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Liu YN, Zha WJ, Ma Y, Chen FF, Zhu W, Ge A, Zeng XN, Huang M. Galangin attenuates airway remodelling by inhibiting TGF-β1-mediated ROS generation and MAPK/Akt phosphorylation in asthma. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11758. [PMID: 26156213 PMCID: PMC4496730 DOI: 10.1038/srep11758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galangin, a natural flavonol, has attracted much attention for its potential anti-inflammatory properties. However, its role in the regulation of airway remodelling in asthma has not been explored. The present study aimed to elucidate the effects of galangin on chronic inflammation and airway remodelling and to investigate the underlying mechanisms both in vivo and in vitro. Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitised mice were administered with galangin 30 min before challenge. Our results showed that severe inflammatory responses and airway remodelling occurred in OVA-induced mice. Treatment with galangin markedly attenuated the leakage of inflammatory cells into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and decreased the level of OVA-specific IgE in serum. Galangin significantly inhibited goblet cell hyperplasia, collagen deposition and α-SMA expression. Lowered level of TGF-β1 and suppressed expression of VEGF and MMP-9 were observed in BALF or lung tissue, implying that galangin has an optimal anti-remodelling effect in vivo. Consistently, the TGF-β1-induced proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells was reduced by galangin in vitro, which might be due to the alleviation of ROS levels and inhibition of MAPK pathway. Taken together, the present findings highlight a novel role for galangin as a promising anti-remodelling agent in asthma, which likely involves the TGF-β1-ROS-MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wang-Jian Zha
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei-Fei Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ai Ge
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Parker JC, Douglas I, Bell J, Comer D, Bailie K, Skibinski G, Heaney LG, Shields MD. Epidermal Growth Factor Removal or Tyrphostin AG1478 Treatment Reduces Goblet Cells & Mucus Secretion of Epithelial Cells from Asthmatic Children Using the Air-Liquid Interface Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129546. [PMID: 26057128 PMCID: PMC4461195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Epithelial remodelling in asthma is characterised by goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus hypersecretion for which no therapies exist. Differentiated bronchial air-liquid interface cultures from asthmatic children display high goblet cell numbers. Epidermal growth factor and its receptor have been implicated in goblet cell hyperplasia. Objectives We hypothesised that EGF removal or tyrphostin AG1478 treatment of differentiating air-liquid interface cultures from asthmatic children would result in a reduction of epithelial goblet cells and mucus secretion. Methods In Aim 1 primary bronchial epithelial cells from non-asthmatic (n = 5) and asthmatic (n = 5) children were differentiated under EGF-positive (10ng/ml EGF) and EGF-negative culture conditions for 28 days. In Aim 2, cultures from a further group of asthmatic children (n = 5) were grown under tyrphostin AG1478, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, conditions. All cultures were analysed for epithelial resistance, markers of differentiation using immunocytochemistry, ELISA for MUC5AC mucin secretion and qPCR for MUC5AC mRNA. Results In cultures from asthmatic children the goblet cell number was reduced in the EGF negative group (p = 0.01). Tyrphostin AG1478 treatment of cultures from asthmatic children had significant reductions in goblet cells at 0.2μg/ml (p = 0.03) and 2μg/ml (p = 0.003) as well as mucus secretion at 2μg/ml (p = 0.04). Conclusions We have shown in this preliminary study that through EGF removal and tyrphostin AG1478 treatment the goblet cell number and mucus hypersecretion in differentiating air-liquid interface cultures from asthmatic children is significantly reduced. This further highlights the epidermal growth factor receptor as a potential therapeutic target to inhibit goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus hypersecretion in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C. Parker
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Health Sciences Building, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Isobel Douglas
- Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Jennifer Bell
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Health Sciences Building, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - David Comer
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Health Sciences Building, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Keith Bailie
- Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Grzegorz Skibinski
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Health Sciences Building, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Liam G. Heaney
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Health Sciences Building, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael D. Shields
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Health Sciences Building, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Gao W, Li L, Wang Y, Zhang S, Adcock IM, Barnes PJ, Huang M, Yao X. Bronchial epithelial cells: The key effector cells in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Respirology 2015; 20:722-9. [PMID: 25868842 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The primary function of the bronchial epithelium is to act as a defensive barrier aiding the maintenance of normal airway function. Bronchial epithelial cells (BEC) form the interface between the external environment and the internal milieu, making it a major target of inhaled insults. However, BEC can also serve as effectors to initiate and orchestrate immune and inflammatory responses by releasing chemokines and cytokines, which recruit and activate inflammatory cells. They also produce excess reactive oxygen species as a result of an oxidant/antioxidant imbalance that contributes to chronic pulmonary inflammation and lung tissue damage. Accumulated mucus from hyperplastic BEC obstructs the lumen of small airways, whereas impaired cell repair, squamous metaplasia and increased extracellular matrix deposition underlying the epithelium is associated with airway remodelling particularly fibrosis and thickening of the airway wall. These alterations in small airway structure lead to airflow limitation, which is critical in the clinical diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this review, we discuss the abnormal function of BEC within a disturbed immune homeostatic environment consisting of ongoing inflammation, oxidative stress and small airway obstruction. We provide an overview of recent insights into the function of the bronchial epithelium in the pathogenesis of COPD and how this may provide novel therapeutic approaches for a number of chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingling Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sini Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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