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Tocharus C, Sutheerawattananonda M. Hypoglycemic Ability of Sericin-Derived Oligopeptides (SDOs) from Bombyx mori Yellow Silk Cocoons and Their Physiological Effects on Streptozotocin (STZ)-Induced Diabetic Rats. Foods 2024; 13:2184. [PMID: 39063270 PMCID: PMC11276246 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes require daily medication to maintain blood sugar levels. Nevertheless, the long-term use of antidiabetics can lose efficacy and cause degeneration in some patients. For long-term diabetes care, integrating natural dietary foods and medicine is being considered. This study investigated the impact of SDOs on blood sugar levels and their physiological effects on diabetic rats. We induced diabetes in male Wistar rats with STZ (50 mg/kg) and then administered an oral glucose tolerance test to determine the SDO dosage comparable to glibenclamide. The rats were divided into nine groups: normal, diabetic, and diabetic with insulin (10 U/kg), glibenclamide (0.6 mg/kg), bovine serum albumin (BSA; 200 mg/kg), soy protein isolate (200 mg/kg), or SDOs (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg). Diabetic rats administered SDOs had a higher body weight and serum insulin but a lower blood sugar than diabetic control rats. Biochemical assays indicated lower AST/SGOT, ALT/SGPT, BUN, and triglycerides but higher HDL in the SDO groups. Immunohistochemistry showed that SDOs reduced damaged islet cells, increased beta-cell size, and improved insulin levels while decreasing alpha cell size and glucagon. The vascular effects of SDOs were like those of normal control treatment and insulin treatment in diabetic rats. SDOs, a yellow silk protein, show potential for long-term diabetes care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chainarong Tocharus
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Manote Sutheerawattananonda
- School of Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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Hai Q, Wang J, Kang W, Cheng S, Li J, Lyu N, Li Y, Luo Z, Liu Z. Metagenomic and metabolomic analysis of changes in intestinal contents of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus at different culture water temperatures. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1275649. [PMID: 37908544 PMCID: PMC10614001 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1275649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) is a major disease that limits the culture of rainbow trout. In practical production, it has been found that the temperature of the culture water is a crucial factor affecting its mortality. Currently, little is known about how temperature affects the immune response of rainbow trout gut microbiota and metabolites to IHNV. In this study, our main objective is to analyze the changes in gut microorganisms of rainbow trout (juvenile fish with a consistent genetic background) after 14 days of infection with IHNV (5 × 105 pfu/fish) at 12-13°C (C: injected with saline, A: injected with IHNV) and 16-17°C (D: injected with saline, B: injected with IHNV) using metagenomic and metabolomic analyses, and to screen for probiotics that are effective against IHNV. The results showed that infection with IHNV at 12-13°C caused Eukaryote loss. Compared to Group C, Group A showed a significant increase in harmful pathogens, such as Yersiniaceae, and a significant alteration of 4,087 gut metabolites. Compared to group D, group B showed a significant increase in the abundance of Streptococcaceae and Lactococcus lactis, along with significant changes in 4,259 intestinal metabolites. Compared with their respective groups, the levels of two immune-related metabolites, 1-Octadecanoyl-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine and L-Glutamate, were significantly upregulated in groups A and B. Compared to group B, Group A showed significantly higher pathogenic bacteria including Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, and Yersiniaceae, while group B showed a significant increase in Streptococcaceae and Lactococcus lactis. Additionally, there were 4,018 significantly different metabolites between the two groups. Interestingly, 1-Octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine and L-Glutamate were significantly higher in group A than in group B. Some of the different metabolites in C vs. A are correlated with Fomitopsis pinicola, while in D vs. B they were correlated with Lactococcus raffinolactis, and in A vs. B they were correlated with Hypsizygus marmoreus. This study exposed how rainbow trout gut microbiota and metabolites respond to IHNV at different temperatures, and screens beneficial bacteria with potential resistance to IHN, providing new insights and scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of IHN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianfu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Li CC, Ramesh S, Liu TY, Wang TF, Kuo WW, Kuo CH, Chang YM, Hsieh DJY, Chen MC, Huang CY. Overexpression of cardiac-specific IGF-IIRα accelerates the development of liver dysfunction through STZ-induced diabetic hepatocyte damage in transgenic rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2804-2812. [PMID: 35993117 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the effect of cardiac-specific insulin-like growth factor-II receptor α (IGF-IIRα) overexpression on the development of liver dysfunction in transgenic rats via STZ-induced diabetic hepatocyte damage. The cardio-hepatic syndrome comprises a number of heart and liver illnesses in which an acute or chronic disease in one organ can lead to acute or chronic disease in the other. However, the molecular mechanism involved in such a set of conditions is unclear. In this study, we developed a transgenic rat model with cardiac-specific overexpression of IGF-IIRα, which is a supplementary splicing variant of insulin-like growth factor-II receptor (IGF-IIR), expressed in pathological hearts, to investigate the relationship between late fetal gene expression in diabetic hearts and their influence on diabetic hepatopathy. STZ (55 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally delivered into IGF-IIR overexpressed transgenic (TG) and non-transgenic (NTG) animal models developed in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats after an overnight fast. The relationship among IGF-IIRα overexpression and hepatocyte damages have been determined based on the complexity of damage in the liver. Our findings revealed that overexpression of the cardiac-specific IGF-IIRα enhances diabetes-induced morphological alterations and hepatic inflammation in the livers. The diabetic transgenic rats demonstrated the development of pathological conditions such as thick collagen fiber deposition, bridging fibrosis, and elevation of α-SMA and MMP1 related liver fibrosis mechanisms. Our data suggest that IGF-IIRα overexpression in the heart during a pathological state may worsen diabetic hepatopathy in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Cheng Li
- Center of Stem Cell & Precision Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Samiraj Ramesh
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology, PRIST Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tzu-Yang Liu
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tso-Fu Wang
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Chang
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Department, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- 1PT Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dennis Jine-Yuan Hsieh
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
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Savic D, Ball V, Holzner L, Hauton D, Timm KN, Curtis MK, Heather LC, Tyler DJ. Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance shows that the anti-ischemic drug meldonium leads to increased flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase in vivo resulting in improved post-ischemic function in the diabetic heart. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4471. [PMID: 33458907 PMCID: PMC8609426 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The diabetic heart has a decreased ability to metabolize glucose. The anti-ischemic drug meldonium may provide a route to counteract this by reducing l-carnitine levels, resulting in improved cardiac glucose utilization. Therefore, the aim of this study was to use the novel technique of hyperpolarized magnetic resonance to investigate the in vivo effects of treatment with meldonium on cardiac metabolism and function in control and diabetic rats. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were injected either with vehicle, or with streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) to induce a model of type 1 diabetes. Daily treatment with either saline or meldonium (100 mg/kg/day) was undertaken for three weeks. in vivo cardiac function and metabolism were assessed with CINE MRI and hyperpolarized magnetic resonance respectively. Isolated perfused hearts were challenged with low-flow ischemia/reperfusion to assess the impact of meldonium on post-ischemic recovery. Meldonium had no significant effect on blood glucose concentrations or on baseline cardiac function. However, hyperpolarized magnetic resonance revealed that meldonium treatment elevated pyruvate dehydrogenase flux by 3.1-fold and 1.2-fold in diabetic and control animals, respectively, suggesting an increase in cardiac glucose oxidation. Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance further demonstrated that meldonium reduced the normalized acetylcarnitine signal by 2.1-fold in both diabetic and control animals. The increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase flux in vivo was accompanied by an improvement in post-ischemic function ex vivo, as meldonium elevated the rate pressure product by 1.3-fold and 1.5-fold in the control and diabetic animals, respectively. In conclusion, meldonium improves in vivo pyruvate dehydrogenase flux in the diabetic heart, contributing to improved cardiac recovery after ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Savic
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Vicky Ball
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Lorenz Holzner
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - David Hauton
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Metabolomics Research Group, Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Kerstin N. Timm
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - M. Kate Curtis
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Lisa C. Heather
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Damian J. Tyler
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Savic D, Ball V, Curtis MK, Sousa Fialho MDL, Timm KN, Hauton D, West J, Griffin J, Heather LC, Tyler DJ. L-Carnitine Stimulates In Vivo Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Type 1 Diabetic Heart as Demonstrated by Hyperpolarized MRI. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11030191. [PMID: 33806953 PMCID: PMC8004902 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11030191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The diabetic heart is energetically and metabolically abnormal, with increased fatty acid oxidation and decreased glucose oxidation. One factor contributing to the metabolic dysfunction in diabetes may be abnormal handling of acetyl and acyl groups by the mitochondria. L-carnitine is responsible for their transfer across the mitochondrial membrane, therefore, supplementation with L-carnitine may provide a route to improve the metabolic state of the diabetic heart. The primary aim of this study was to use hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate the effects of L-carnitine supplementation on the in vivo metabolism of [1-13C]pyruvate in diabetes. Male Wistar rats were injected with either vehicle or streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) to induce type-1 diabetes. Three weeks of daily i.p. treatment with either saline or L-carnitine (3 g/kg/day) was subsequently undertaken. In vivo cardiac function and metabolism were assessed with CINE and hyperpolarized MRI, respectively. L-carnitine supplementation prevented the progression of hyperglycemia, which was observed in untreated streptozotocin injected animals and led to reductions in plasma triglyceride and ß-hydroxybutyrate concentrations. Hyperpolarized MRI revealed that L-carnitine treatment elevated pyruvate dehydrogenase flux by 3-fold in the diabetic animals, potentially through increased buffering of excess acetyl-CoA units in the mitochondria. Improved functional recovery following ischemia was also observed in the L-carnitine treated diabetic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Savic
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group, Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; (V.B.); (M.K.C.); (M.d.L.S.F.); (K.N.T.); (D.H.); (L.C.H.); (D.J.T.)
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Vicky Ball
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group, Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; (V.B.); (M.K.C.); (M.d.L.S.F.); (K.N.T.); (D.H.); (L.C.H.); (D.J.T.)
| | - M. Kate Curtis
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group, Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; (V.B.); (M.K.C.); (M.d.L.S.F.); (K.N.T.); (D.H.); (L.C.H.); (D.J.T.)
| | - Maria da Luz Sousa Fialho
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group, Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; (V.B.); (M.K.C.); (M.d.L.S.F.); (K.N.T.); (D.H.); (L.C.H.); (D.J.T.)
| | - Kerstin N. Timm
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group, Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; (V.B.); (M.K.C.); (M.d.L.S.F.); (K.N.T.); (D.H.); (L.C.H.); (D.J.T.)
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - David Hauton
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group, Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; (V.B.); (M.K.C.); (M.d.L.S.F.); (K.N.T.); (D.H.); (L.C.H.); (D.J.T.)
- Metabolomics Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - James West
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK;
| | - Julian Griffin
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Lisa C. Heather
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group, Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; (V.B.); (M.K.C.); (M.d.L.S.F.); (K.N.T.); (D.H.); (L.C.H.); (D.J.T.)
| | - Damian J. Tyler
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group, Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; (V.B.); (M.K.C.); (M.d.L.S.F.); (K.N.T.); (D.H.); (L.C.H.); (D.J.T.)
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
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Kuo PC, Tai SH, Hung CC, Hwang TL, Kuo LM, Lam SH, Cheng KC, Kuo DH, Hung HY, Wu TS. Antiinflammatory triterpenoids from the fruiting bodies of Fomitopsis pinicola. Bioorg Chem 2020; 108:104562. [PMID: 33358389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Twelve undescribed lanostane-type triterpenes, and twenty-two known triterpenes were isolated and identified from a medicinal bracket fungus Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) P. Karst. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses. The antiinflammatory potential of thirty-two triterpene compounds was evaluated using neutrophils as an assay model, and pinicolasin J was the most potent inhibitor of superoxide anion generation and elastase release, with IC50 values of 1.81 ± 0.44 and 2.50 ± 0.64 μM, respectively. This study provides scientific insight into the nutritional supplement value and medicinal development of Fomitopsis pinicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chung Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Tai
- Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Medical Center and Medical School, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Che Hung
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Mou Kuo
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chia-Yi, 613, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Sio Hong Lam
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | | | - Daih-Huang Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Hung
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan.
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Tu J, Zhao J, Liu G, Tang C, Han Y, Cao X, Jia J, Ji G, Xiao H. Solid state fermentation by Fomitopsis pinicola improves physicochemical and functional properties of wheat bran and the bran-containing products. Food Chem 2020; 328:127046. [PMID: 32470773 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wheat bran was solid state fermented by Fomitopsis pinicola. The results showed that the processing properties were increased by fermentation and the content of total phenol and alkylresorcinols was 5.91 and 1.55 times of the unfermented bran respectively by the 6th day. The total antioxidant capacity was 5.73 times of the unfermented sample by the 4th day. Electronic nose analysis showed that the fermented wheat bran had a special flavor. GC-MS analysis found that 4-ethyl-2-methoxy-phenol was the main flavor substance, which was sharply increased during the fermentation. Furthermore, the textural properties of the dough and bread containing fermented bran were significantly improved. The content of phytic acid in the bread was significantly decreased, while the protein, total phenol and alkylresorcinols contents were significantly increased. Results suggest that solid state fermentation by Fomitopsis pinicola is a promising way to improve wheat bran to a nutritious and flavorful cereal food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang 212008, China; Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang 212008, China
| | - Guanhui Liu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang 212008, China; School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang 212008, China
| | - Caiyun Tang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang 212008, China
| | - Yanhui Han
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Xitao Cao
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang 212008, China
| | - Junqiang Jia
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang 212008, China
| | - Gengsheng Ji
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang 212008, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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Characterisation of Extracts and Anti-Cancer Activities of Fomitopsis pinicola. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030609. [PMID: 32110892 PMCID: PMC7146440 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw. Karst) is a common bracket fungus, with a woody texture. It is found predominantly in coniferous forests in temperate regions throughout Europe and Asia. Fomitopsis pinicola has been extensively used for medicinal purposes, particularly in Chinese and Korean traditional medicine. In this mini-review, the anti-cancer characteristics of F. pinicola extracts were investigated. In vitro experiments revealed the pro-apoptotic, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of extracts, whilst two of three in vivo studies reported an inhibition of tumour growth and prolonged survival. Only studies wherein fungal specimens were sourced from Europe or Asia were included in this review, as samples sourced as F. pinicola from North America were probably not F. pinicola, but a different species. Although not one of the most revered fungal species, F. pinicola has been used as a medicinal fungus for centuries, as well as consumed as a health food supplement. To date, the results from only three in vivo studies, investigating anti-cancer properties, have been published. Further studies, using comprehensively identified specimens, are required to fully elucidate the anti-cancer properties of F. pinicola extracts.
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Gründemann C, Reinhardt JK, Lindequist U. European medicinal mushrooms: Do they have potential for modern medicine? - An update. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 66:153131. [PMID: 31790898 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of mushrooms for health purposes has a long tradition and is very common in Asian countries. This trend is also becoming increasingly popular in the western hemisphere. However, mushrooms from European tradition are being treated in a restrained manner despite having significant potential as drugs or as sources of pure bioactive substances. AIM The present review provides an overview of the most important mushrooms used in European ethnomedical traditions and explores their pharmacological potential and the challenges for the development of new drugs from these sources of natural products. METHOD Mushroom species were selected based on information in old herbal books and dispensaries, uninterrupted use and scientific literature in the PubMed database up to June 2019. RESULTS Traditional experiences and modern studies have demonstrated that medical mushrooms used in European traditions have promising distinct pharmacological potential mediated through defined mechanisms (anti-tumour, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-bacterial). However, the number of modern chemical, biological and pharmacological studies remains relatively small, and some mushroom species have not been studied at all. Unfortunately, no valid clinical studies can be found. Unlike the case with herbal and fungal drugs from traditional Chinese medicine, we are far from comprehensively exploring this potential. CONCLUSIONS Mushrooms from traditional European medicine have the potential to be used in modern medicine. Considerable research, interdisciplinary collaboration, involvement of the pharmaceutical industry, time and money are necessary to explore this potential not only in the form of dietary supplements but also in the form of approved drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Gründemann
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Hospital Infection Control, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 115B, 79111 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Jakob K Reinhardt
- Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Lindequist
- Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, F.-l.-Jahn-Str. 17, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
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Tai SH, Kuo PC, Hung CC, Lin YH, Hwang TL, Lam SH, Kuo DH, Wu JB, Hung HY, Wu TS. Bioassay-guided purification of sesquiterpenoids from the fruiting bodies of Fomitopsis pinicola and their anti-inflammatory activity. RSC Adv 2019; 9:34184-34195. [PMID: 35530004 PMCID: PMC9073629 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05899k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Twelve undescribed sesquiterpenoids, fomitopins A–L (1–12), were isolated via bioassay-guided purification from the bracket fungus Fomitopsis pinicola which has been reported to exhibit anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Eluehike N, Onoagbe I. Changes in organ and body weight, serum amylase and antidiabetic effects of tannins from Spondias mombin on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF INSULIN RESISTANCE 2018. [DOI: 10.4102/jir.v3i1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Lee S, Kwak JH, Kim SH, Yun J, Cho JY, Kim K, Hwang D, Jung YS. A comparison of metabolomic changes in type-1 diabetic C57BL/6N mice originating from different sources. Lab Anim Res 2018; 34:232-238. [PMID: 30671110 PMCID: PMC6333615 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2018.34.4.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models have been used to elucidate the pathophysiology of varying diseases and to provide insight into potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Although alternatives to animal testing have been proposed to help overcome potential drawbacks related to animal experiments and avoid ethical issues, their use remains vital for the testing of new drug candidates and to identify the most effective strategies for therapeutic intervention. Particularly, the study of metabolic diseases requires the use of animal models to monitor whole-body physiology. In line with this, the National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation (NIFDS) in Korea has established their own animal strains to help evaluate both efficacy and safety during new drug development. The objective of this study was to characterize the response of C57BL/6NKorl mice from the NIFDS compared with that of other mice originating from the USA and Japan in a chemical-induced diabetic condition. Multiple low-dose treatments with streptozotocin were used to generate a type-1 diabetic animal model which is closely linked to the known clinical pathology of this disease. There were no significantly different responses observed between the varying streptozotocin-induced type-1 diabetic models tested in this study. When comparing control and diabetic mice, increases in liver weight and disturbances in serum amino acids levels of diabetic mice were most remarkable. Although the relationship between type-1 diabetes and BCAA has not been elucidated in this study, the results, which reveal a characteristic increase in diabetic mice of all origins are considered worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sou Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jieun Yun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Cho
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kilsoo Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Daeyeon Hwang
- College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
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Seung TW, Park SK, Kang JY, Kim JM, Park SH, Kwon BS, Lee CJ, Kang JE, Kim DO, Lee U, Heo HJ. Ethyl acetate fraction from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. attenuates diabetes-associated cognitive impairment in mice. Food Res Int 2017; 105:589-598. [PMID: 29433251 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The ameliorating effects of the ethyl acetate fraction from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (EFHS)2 against diabetes mellitus (DM)3 and DM-induced cognitive impairment were investigated on streptozotocin (STZ)4-induced DM mice. The EFHS groups showed improved hyperglycemia and glucose tolerance compared to the STZ group. Furthermore, their liver and kidney function and lipid metabolic imbalance in the blood serum were effectively recovered. The EFHS groups significantly ameliorated STZ-induced cognitive impairment in Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze (MWM)5 tests. The EFHS groups showed significant improvement in the antioxidant and cholinergic systems of the brain tissue. In addition, EFHS had an excellent ameliorating effect on protein expression levels from the tau hyperphosphorylation pathways, such as phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinases (p-JNK),6 phospho-tau (p-tau),7 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (c-PARP).8 The main compounds of EFHS were identified as various phenolic compounds, including hibiscus acid, caffeoylquinic acid (CQA)9 isomers, and quercetin derivates. Therefore, EFHS containing various physiologically active materials can potentially be used for improving DM-induced cognitive impairment via its antioxidant activity, improvement of the cholinergic system, and hyperphosphorylation tau signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Wan Seung
- Division of Applied Life Science(BK21 plus), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seon Kyeong Park
- Division of Applied Life Science(BK21 plus), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Yong Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science(BK21 plus), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science(BK21 plus), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Hyun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science(BK21 plus), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bong Seok Kwon
- Division of Applied Life Science(BK21 plus), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Jun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science(BK21 plus), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Eun Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science(BK21 plus), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Uk Lee
- Division of Special Purpose Trees, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Jin Heo
- Division of Applied Life Science(BK21 plus), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
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Azuma MM, Gomes-Filho JE, Prieto AKC, Samuel RO, de Lima VMF, Sumida DH, Ervolino E, Cintra LTA. Diabetes increases interleukin-17 levels in periapical, hepatic, and renal tissues in rats. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 83:230-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Cintra LTA, Samuel RO, Prieto AKC, Sumida DH, Dezan-Júnior E, Gomes-Filho JE. Oral health, diabetes, and body weight. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 73:94-99. [PMID: 27728825 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effects of apical periodontitis (AP) and periodontal disease (PD) on organ weights in rats with diabetes mellitus (DM) were evaluated. DESIGN Eighty male rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus, Wistar) were divided into eight groups of ten: normoglycemic (N), AP, PD, AP+PD, DM, DM+AP, DM+PD, and DM+AP+PD. DM was induced by streptozotocin; AP, by dental exposure to the oral environment; and PD, by periodontal ligature. Blood glucose concentration was measured at 0, 6, 15, and 35days; body weight, measured daily; and animals were sacrificed after 30days after induction of oral infections. Liver, kidney, pancreas, brain, heart, lungs, and gonads were each weighed. Glycemia, feed intake, organ weight, and body weight were subjected to statistical analyses (p<0.05). RESULTS Glycemic levels were higher in all diabetic groups after day 6, but were consistently similar in normoglycemic groups. Blood glucose was higher in DM+PD and DM+AP+PD groups than in the DM group at days 15 and 35. The feed intake was similar among all groups. Brain, heart, and gonad weights were significantly increased in DM+AP+PD. Kidney and lung weights were increased in DM, regardless of the presence of oral infections. Liver weight was reduced in AP and/or PD. Pancreas weight was reduced in DM, independent of AP or PD. Among the normoglycemic groups, there were no significant differences among organ weights. CONCLUSION Apical periodontitis and periodontal disease may potentiate the adverse effects of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renata Oliveira Samuel
- Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Dóris Hissako Sumida
- Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Eloi Dezan-Júnior
- Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - João Eduardo Gomes-Filho
- Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
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Gondi M, Basha SA, Salimath PV, Rao UJP. Supplementation of Mango (Mangifera indicaL.) Peel in Diet Ameliorates Cataract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. J Food Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahendranath Gondi
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition; CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute; Mysore 570020 India
| | - Shaik Akbar Basha
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition; CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute; Mysore 570020 India
| | - Paramahans V. Salimath
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition; CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute; Mysore 570020 India
| | - Ummiti J.S. Prasada Rao
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition; CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute; Mysore 570020 India
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A Fomitopsis pinicola Jeseng Formulation Has an Antiobesity Effect and Protects against Hepatic Steatosis in Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:7312472. [PMID: 27200103 PMCID: PMC4855004 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7312472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the antiobesity effect of an extract of the Fomitopsis pinicola Jeseng-containing formulation (FAVA), which is a combination of four natural components: Fomitopsis pinicola Jeseng; Acanthopanax senticosus; Viscum album coloratum; and Allium tuberosum. High-fat diet- (HFD-) fed male C57BL/6J mice were treated with FAVA (200 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks to monitor the antiobesity effect and amelioration of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). Body and white adipose tissue (WAT) weights were reduced in FAVA-treated mice, and a histological examination showed an amelioration of fatty liver in FAVA-treated mice without decreasing food consumption. Additionally, FAVA reduced serum lipid profiles, leptin, and insulin levels compared with the HFD control group. The FAVA extract suppressed lipogenic mRNA expression levels from WAT concomitantly with the cholesterol biosynthesis level in the liver. These results demonstrate the inhibitory effects of FAVA on obesity and NAFLD in the diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model. Therefore, FAVA may be an effective therapeutic candidate for treating obesity and fatty liver caused by a high-fat diet.
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Antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities of polysaccharide produced from Pleurotus ferulae in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-016-0007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Eleazu CO, Eleazu KC, Ironkwe A, Iroaganachi MA. Effect of Livingstone Potato (Plectranthus esculenthus N.E.Br) on Diabetes and Its Complications in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes in Rats. Diabetes Metab J 2014; 38:366-74. [PMID: 25349824 PMCID: PMC4209351 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2014.38.5.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of livingstone potato (Plectranthus esculenthus N.E.Br) on diabetes and its complications in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats was investigated. The duration of the experiment was 4 weeks. METHODS The blood glucose level of the rats was measured with a glucometer, the protein and glucose and specific gravity in the urine samples of the rats were measured using urine assay strips and urinometer respectively. The liver and kidney function parameters in the serum of the rats were determined using Biosystem Kits. RESULTS The diabetic rats given livingstonepotato incorporated feeds, had 129.7% decrease in their hyperglycemia with corresponding amelioration of their elevated urinary protein, sugars, specific gravity, renal growth, liver growth as well as 15.64% decrease in body weights compared with the nondiabetic rats that had 5.54% decrease in blood glucose and 20.39% increase in body weight unlike the diabetic control rats that had 18.34% decrease in blood glucose and 52.68% decrease in body weight. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the relative liver, pancreas, and kidney weights of the diabetic rats given livingstone potato feeds compared with the diabetic control while there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the relative heart weights of all the rats in the three different groups. In terms of liver and kidney function parameters, values obtained for the diabetic rats given livingstone potato incorporated feeds were not significantly different from that of the nondiabetic rats except for total bilurubin, aspartate transaminase, and creatinine (P>0.05) while they were significantly different from the values obtained for the diabetic control rats (P<0.05). In addition, the serum amylase of the diabetic control rats were significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of the nondiabetic and diabetic rats treated with livingstone potato incorporated feeds. CONCLUSION Results show the antidiabetic actions of livingstone potato and its ability to ameliorate glomerular complication and liver hypertrophy in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adanma Ironkwe
- National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, Nigeria
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Purification and characterization of a novel laccase from Fomitopsis pinicola mycelia. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 70:583-9. [PMID: 25083593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel laccase was isolated from the culture filtrate of the brown-rot fungus, Fomitopsis pinicola. Enzyme production reached its highest level after cultivation for 8 days at 25°C. The enzyme was purified by ultrafiltration, ion exchange chromatography, gelfiltration chromatography, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Zymography analysis of the purified enzyme showed a laccase band with a molecular mass of 92 kDa. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 92 kDa as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and gel filtration chromatography. The enzyme also had an isoelectric point of 3.8. The optimum temperature and pH for enzyme activity were 80°C and 3.0, respectively. Enzyme activity was relatively stable in the pH range from 1.5 to 11.0 and at temperatures below 40°C. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme was DTHKAEIACRFKDLG. Enzyme activity was potently inhibited by NaN3 and SDS. The enzyme showed the highest specific activity for 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylthiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) as a substrate. The Km value of the enzyme for ABTS substrate was 0.28 mM with a Vmax value of 4.5 U/min. The enzyme degraded several recalcitrant dyes at different time intervals during decolorization. Therefore, the novel laccase from F. pinicola may be potentially useful in industry.
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Grienke U, Zöll M, Peintner U, Rollinger JM. European medicinal polypores--a modern view on traditional uses. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 154:564-583. [PMID: 24786572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal-spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores. MATERIALS AND METHODS All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge. RESULTS Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities. CONCLUSIONS The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Grienke
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Margit Zöll
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ursula Peintner
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Judith M Rollinger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Immunomodulatory and Antidiabetic Effects of a New Herbal Preparation (HemoHIM) on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:461685. [PMID: 25045390 PMCID: PMC4087252 DOI: 10.1155/2014/461685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
HemoHIM (a new herbal preparation of three edible herbs: Angelica gigas Nakai, Cnidium officinale Makino, and Paeonia japonica Miyabe) was developed to protect immune, hematopoietic, and self-renewal tissues against radiation. This study determined whether or not HemoHIM could alter hyperglycemia and the immune response in diabetic mice. Both nondiabetic and diabetic mice were orally administered HemoHIM (100 mg/kg) once a day for 4 weeks. Diabetes was induced by single injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 200 mg/kg, i.p.). In diabetic mice, HemoHIM effectively improved hyperglycemia and glucose tolerance compared to the diabetic control group as well as elevated plasma insulin levels with preservation of insulin staining in pancreatic β-cells. HemoHIM treatment restored thymus weight, white blood cells, lymphocyte numbers, and splenic lymphocyte populations (CD4+ T and CD8+ T), which were reduced in diabetic mice, as well as IFN-γ production in response to Con A stimulation. These results indicate that HemoHIM may have potential as a glucose-lowering and immunomodulatory agent by enhancing the immune function of pancreatic β-cells in STZ-induced diabetic mice.
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In vivo and in vitro anti-tumor effects of fungal extracts. Molecules 2014; 19:2546-56. [PMID: 24566320 PMCID: PMC6270758 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19022546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal extracts are extensively used as nutritional supplements in Far-Eastern Asia. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer activities of some different fungal species against different cancer cell lines. The water or ethanol extracts of Fomitopsis pinicola (F. pinicola), Ganoderma sinense, Fomitopsis officinalis, Polyporus melanopus, and Taiwanofungus camphorates were used to evaluate the anti-cancer activities in various cancer cells. We found that all of the fungi ethanol extracts used in this study exert anti-cancer activities in vitro, whereas water extracts show lower inhibitory activities as determined by 3-(4,5-methylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays. Among the tested fungi species, F. pinicola ethanol extract exerts the most significant anti-cancer activity (growth inhibitory ratio 82.8%, p < 0.001) by increasing cell apoptosis. Moreover, F. pinicola ethanol extract significantly decreased tumor size (tumor growth inhibitory ratio 54%, p < 0.05) and increased the lifespan in mice bearing sarcoma-180 tumors. Taken together, this is the first study indicating the anti-tumor effect of F. pinicola in vivo and in vitro. F. pinicola ethanol extract induces cell apoptosis to exert a significant anti-tumor activity, with potential to be a new alternative anti-tumor medicine.
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Eleazu CO, Iroaganachi M, Eleazu KC. Ameliorative potentials of cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta L.) and unripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca L.) on the relative tissue weights of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:160964. [PMID: 23971053 PMCID: PMC3736419 DOI: 10.1155/2013/160964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the ameliorating potentials of cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta L.) and unripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca L.) incorporated feeds on the renal and liver growths of diabetic rats, induced with 55 and 65 mg/kg body weight of Streptozotocin. METHOD The blood glucose level of the rats was measured with a glucometer, the protein and glucose and specific gravity (SPGR) in the urine samples of the rats were measured using urine assay strips and urinometer respectively. The chemical composition and antioxidant screening of the test feeds were carried out using standard techniques. RESULTS Administration of the test feeds for 21 days to the diabetic rats of groups 4 and 5, resulted in 58.75% and 38.13% decreases in hyperglycemia and amelioration of their elevated urinary protein, glucose, SPGR, and relative kidney weights. The diabetic rats administered cocoyam incorporated feeds, had 2.71% and 19.52% increases in weight and growth rates, the diabetic rats administered unripe plantain incorporated feeds had 5.12% and 29.52% decreases in weight and growth rates while the diabetic control rats had 28.69%, 29.46%, 248.9% and 250.14% decreases in weights and growth rates. The cocoyam incorporated feeds contained higher antioxidants, minerals and phytochemicals except alkaloids than unripe plantain feed. CONCLUSION Cocoyam and unripe plantain could be useful in the management of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C O Eleazu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Root Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 380, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.
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Eleazu CO, Iroaganachi M, Okafor PN, Ijeh II, Eleazu KC. Ameliorative Potentials of Ginger (Z. officinale Roscoe) on Relative Organ Weights in Streptozotocin induced Diabetic Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE : IJBS 2013; 9:82-90. [PMID: 23847458 PMCID: PMC3708272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The ameliorating potentials of ginger incorporated feed (10%) on the relative organ weights of Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats was investigated. The experiment lasted for three weeks. Results show that administration of 10% ginger feed to the diabetic rats of group 3, resulted in a 29.81% decrease in their resulting hyperglycemia with a corresponding amelioration of elevated urinary protein, sugars, specific gravity as well as renal growth. In addition, administration of the ginger incorporated feeds to the diabetic rats of group 3, resulted in 9.88% increase in body weight with a corresponding 60.24% increase in growth compared with the non-diabetic rats administered standard rat pellets that had 6.21% increase in weight with a corresponding 60.14% increase in growth unlike the diabetic control rats that recorded 28.62% decrease in body weight with a corresponding 239.9% decrease in growth rates. Analysis of the chemical composition of the flour of the ginger incorporated feed indicated that it contained moderate amounts of moisture, crude fibre, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, Fe and Zn but considerable amounts of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, ash, flavonoids, calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorous and energy value. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the liver and relative liver weights of the diabetic control rats and the diabetic -ginger treated rats. In addition, there were no significant differences in the kidney weights of the non-diabetic, diabetic control and diabetic treated rats (P>0.05) while there were significant differences in the relative kidney weights of the non-diabetic rats and the diabetic rats treated with ginger feeds (P<0.05). Results show that the use of ginger in the dietary management of diabetes mellitus could be a breakthrough in the search for novel plants that could prevent the development of diabetic glomerular hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C O Eleazu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, Nigeria
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Ameliorative potentials of cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta L.) and unripe plantain (Musa paradisiacal L.) on renal and liver growth in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ACUTE DISEASE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-6189(13)60115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Kim JE, Kim HJ, Lee SP. Hyperglycemic effect of submerged culture extract of Ceriporia lacerata in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Food Sci Biotechnol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-012-0224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Lee YR, Hwang IG, Woo KS, Kim HY, Park DS, Kim JH, Kim YB, Lee JS, Jeong HS. Hypoglycemic Effects of Germinated Rough Rice Extract in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2011.16.3.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Kim MJ, Kim SS, Kim SD. Anti-Diabetic Effect of Red Ginseng-Chungkukjang with Green Laver or Sea Tangle. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2010.15.3.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Wang L, Zhang XT, Zhang HY, Yao HY, Zhang H. Effect of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. leaves extract on blood glucose and plasma lipid levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 130:465-469. [PMID: 20553830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the hypoglycemic effects of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. leaves (VBTL) extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS After administration of VBTL extract for 4 weeks, the body weight, organ weight, blood glucose (BG), insulin and plasma lipid levels of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were measured. RESULTS Body weights of diabetic mice treated with VBTL extract were partly recovered. The BG levels of AEG (diabetic mice treated with VBTL aqueous extract) were reduced to 91.52 and 85.82% at week 2 and week 4, respectively (P<0.05), while those of EEG (diabetic mice treated with VBTL ethanolic extract) were reduced slightly (P>0.05). The insulin levels of AEG and EEG were obviously higher (P<0.05) than those of MC (diabetic mice in model control group). Comparing with MC, AEG and EEG had significantly lower (P<0.05) TC or TG levels and similar HDL-cholesterol or LDL-cholesterol levels. In comparison with non-diabetic control mice, AEG had similar plasma lipid levels except higher LDL-cholesterol level, while EEG had higher TC, TG and LDL-cholesterol levels and lower HDL-cholesterol levels. CONCLUSIONS Both aqueous and ethanolic extract of VBTL possess a potential hypoglycemic effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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