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Shamsabadi S, Nazer Y, Ghasemi J, Mahzoon E, Baradaran Rahimi V, Ajiboye BO, Askari VR. Promising influences of zingerone against natural and chemical toxins: A comprehensive and mechanistic review. Toxicon 2023; 233:107247. [PMID: 37562703 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Zingerone is a flavor phytochemical present in ginger, a flowering plant belonging to the Zingiberaceae family used as a condiment and herbal remedy. It possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties and also exhibits protective effects against radiation, chemicals, biological toxins, and oxidative stress. The current comprehensive literature review was performed in order to assess the therapeutical and protective properties of zingerone against various chemical and natural toxins by considering the mechanisms of action. Extensive searches were performed on Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. Zingerone lessens oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative DNA damage by increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). It prevents alginate production, which increases the cell's susceptibility to macrophages, serum, and antibiotics and dramatically lowers the generation of proinflammatory cytokines brought on by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cytokine production, MAPK, and NF-κB activation are all inhibited dose-dependently by zingerone. Zingerone also reduces 8-OHdG over-expression in the liver tissue and the expression of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-6, COX-2, TNF-α, and iNOS mRNA level), decreases macrophage inflammatory protein cytokines and eliminates free radicals. It also suppresses matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 during tumor progression, showing its anti-angiogenic activity. Strong radioprotective properties of zingerone are demonstrated against radiation-induced toxicity. The authors hope this review gives researchers some insight into conducting novel clinical and preclinical studies on pharmaceutical applications and the efficiency of zingerone in cancer treatment, and drug adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yazdan Nazer
- Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Ghasemi
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Erfan Mahzoon
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Basiru O Ajiboye
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, S.E Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria; Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Oye, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Neonatal Orally Administered Zingerone Attenuates Alcohol-Induced Fatty Liver Disease in Experimental Rat Models. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020167. [PMID: 36837786 PMCID: PMC9966972 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol intake at different developmental stages can lead to the development of alcohol-induced fatty liver disease (AFLD). Zingerone (ZO) possess hepato-protective properties; thus, when administered neonatally, it could render protection against AFLD. This study aimed to evaluate the potential long-term protective effect of ZO against the development of AFLD. One hundred and twenty-three 10-day-old Sprague-Dawley rat pups (60 males; 63 females) were randomly assigned to four groups and orally administered the following treatment regimens daily during the pre-weaning period from postnatal day (PND) 12-21: group 1-nutritive milk (NM), group 2-NM +1 g/kg ethanol (Eth), group 3-NM + 40 mg/kg ZO, group 4-NM + Eth +ZO. From PND 46-100, each group from the neonatal stage was divided into two; subgroup I had tap water and subgroup II had ethanol solution as drinking fluid, respectively, for eight weeks. Mean daily ethanol intake, which ranged from 10 to 14.5 g/kg body mass/day, resulted in significant CYP2E1 elevation (p < 0.05). Both late single hit and double hit with alcohol increased liver fat content, caused hepatic macrosteatosis, dysregulated mRNA expression of SREBP1c and PPAR-α in male and female rats (p < 0.05). However, neonatal orally administered ZO protected against liver lipid accretion and SREBP1c upregulation in male rats only and attenuated the alcohol-induced hepatic PPAR-α downregulation and macrosteatosis in both sexes. This data suggests that neonatal orally administered zingerone can be a potential prophylactic agent against the development of AFLD.
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Asiedu B, Lembede BW, Nyakudya TT, Chivandi E. Orally administered zingerone does not mitigate alcohol-induced hepatic oxidative stress in growing Sprague Dawley rat pups. Drug Chem Toxicol 2022:1-10. [PMID: 35734876 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2085740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal alcohol exposure (NAE) can induce oxidative stress. We determined whether zingerone (ZO), a phytochemical with anti-oxidant activity, can mitigate the negative impact of neonatal alcohol-induced oxidative stress. Seventy ten-day-old Sprague-Dawley rat pups (35 male, 35 female) were randomly assigned and administered the following treatment regimens daily from postnatal day (PND) 12-21: group 1 - nutritive milk (NM), group 2 - NM +1 g/kg ethanol (Eth), group 3 - NM + 40 mg/kg ZO, group 4 - NM + Eth + ZO. Growth performance, blood glucose and plasma triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, leptin and insulin concentration were determined. Cytochrome p450E21(CYP2E1) and thiobarbituric acid (TBARS); markers of hepatic oxidative stress and catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total glutathione (GSH), anti-oxidant markers of the pups were determined. Oral administration of ethanol (NM + Eth), zingerone (NM + ZO) and combined ethanol and zingerone (NM + Eth + ZO) did not affect the growth performance and insulin and leptin concentration of the rats (p > 0.05). Ethanol significantly reduced plasma TGs concentration of female rats (p = 0.04 vs control). However, ethanol and/or its combination with zingerone decreased hepatic GSH (p = 0.02 vs control) and increased CYP2E1 (p = 0.0002 vs control) activity in male rat pups. Zingerone had no effect (p > 0.05 vs control) on the rats' CYP2E1, GSH, SOD and catalase activities. Neonatal alcohol administration elicited hepatic oxidative stress in male rat pups only, showing sexual dimorphism. Zingerone (NM + ZO) prevented an increase in CYP2E1 activity and a decrease in GSH concentration but did not prevent the alcohol-induced hepatic oxidative stress in the male rat pups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice Asiedu
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, South Africa
| | - Busisani Wiseman Lembede
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, South Africa
| | - Trevor Tapiwa Nyakudya
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Gezina, South Africa
| | - Eliton Chivandi
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, South Africa
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Upadhyaya K, Sharma PK, Akhtar A, Pilkhwal Sah S. Protective Effects of Zingerone Against Depression-Like Behavior and Biochemical Changes in Chronic Stressed Rats: Antioxidant Effects. J Med Food 2022; 25:576-587. [PMID: 35639359 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginger contains zingerone, an active constituent possessing antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. The present study was designed to explore the efficacy of the bioactive compound, zingerone, for treating behavioral and biochemical alterations in rats exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS). Female Wistar rats were administered zingerone (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg p.o.) once daily for a period of 28 days while being exposed to CRS (6 h/day). Our results indicated that the stressed animals depicted depression-like behavior (reduced sucrose preference and increased immobility time) associated with increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) (cortex), decreased catalase (CAT) (hippocampus and cortex), and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) (hippocampus and cortex). In addition, metabolic alterations were characterized by hyperglycemia and increased glycosylated hemoglobin in the CRS rats. However, no alterations were observed for learning and memory and in the levels of reduced glutathione. Repeated zingerone administration significantly reversed depression-like behavior elicited by CRS in rats. Furthermore, a significant antioxidant effect was exhibited by zingerone, as shown by decreased LPO and enhanced activity of SOD and CAT in chronically stressed rats. The findings of our study demonstrated that zingerone possesses protective actions against chronic stress-induced depressive-like behavioral, biochemical, and metabolic alterations and that its underlying mechanism may be attributed to its antioxidant properties. The results also signify its pharmacological and possible nutritional importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumud Upadhyaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumaun University, Nainital, India
| | | | - Ansab Akhtar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-CAS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sangeeta Pilkhwal Sah
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-CAS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Moorkoth S, Prathyusha NS, Manandhar S, Xue Y, Sankhe R, Pai KSR, Kumar N. Antidepressant-like effect of dehydrozingerone from Zingiber officinale by elevating monoamines in brain: in silico and in vivo studies. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1273-1286. [PMID: 34181212 PMCID: PMC8460585 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dehydrozingerone (DHZ) is an active ingredient of Zingiber officinale and structural half analogue of curcumin. In the present study, DHZ was evaluated for monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory activity in silico and antidepressant activity in vivo. METHOD The binding affinity of DHZ with MAO-A (PDB ID: 2Z5Y) was assessed using Schrodinger's Maestro followed by free energy calculation, pharmacokinetic property prediction using Qikprop and Molecular dynamics simulation using Desmond. In vivo antidepressant activity of DHZ was evaluated on C57 BL/6 male mice using Escilatopram as the standard antidepressant. Open field test (OFT), forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) were used to evaluate the antidepressant effect of the drugs on days 1 and 7. Following the behavioural study, neurotransmitters (noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin) were estimated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS DHZ demonstrated a greater binding affinity for the MAO-A enzyme compared to moclobemide in silico. Immobility in TST and FST were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in vivo with 100mg/kg DHZ as compared to respective controls. DHZ treatment was more effective 1 h post treatment compared to vehicle control. A significant increase in levels of neurotransmitters was observed in mice brain homogenate in response to DHZ treatment, reassuring its antidepressant-like potential. CONCLUSION DHZ demonstrated MAO-A inhibition in silico, and the increased neurotransmitter levels in the brain in vivo were associated with an antidepressant-like effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudheer Moorkoth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - N Sai Prathyusha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Suman Manandhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Yuanxin Xue
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Runali Sankhe
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - K S R Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India.
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Ahmed Mustafa Z, Hamed Ali R, Rostum Ali D, Abdulkarimi R, Abdulkareem NK, Akbari A. The combination of ginger powder and zinc supplement improves the fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in rats by modulating the hepatic expression of NF-κB, mTORC1, PPAR-α SREBP-1c, and Nrf2. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13546. [PMID: 33145794 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although studies have shown that ginger, as an herbal remedy and zinc are able to improve inflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy, and metabolism of lipid and glucose, their molecular mechanisms are unknown. Therefore, this study was aimed to examine the therapeutic effects of ginger with zinc supplement for eight weeks on fructose-induced metabolic syndrome (MS). Ninety-six adult male Sprague Dawley rats (220 g ± 20) were randomly assigned to twelve controlled and treated groups. After the last treatment session, the level of lipid profiles, glucose, insulin, and leptin as metabolic factors and liver enzymes as biomarkers to evaluate liver function in serum were measured. The level of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation to evaluate the oxidative status and the TNF-α level as a biomarker to assess the state of inflammation in liver were also measured. The level of zinc along with the expression of NF-κB, mTORC1, PPAR-α, SREBP-1c, and Nrf2 in liver was also evaluated. The level of metabolic factors and liver enzymes in serum along with lipid peroxidation and TNF-α in liver increased; zinc and antioxidant enzymes levels decreased in rats with MS compared to control rats (p < .05). The hepatic expression of SREBP-1c, NF-κB and mTORC1 were upregulated and the expression of PPAR-α and Nrf2 were downregulated in rats with MS compared to control rats (p < .05). Treatment with different doses of ginger, zinc, and the combination of them could improve metabolic, inflammatory oxidative stress factors, and expression of the above genes in rats with MS compared to the MS group (p < .05). It can be concluded that ginger, zinc, and the combination of them could improve oxidative damage, inflammation, and autophagy induced by fructose and could adjust the glucose and lipid metabolism and the homeostasis of zinc in rats with MS. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Due to the increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases, the use of plant compounds such as ginger has attracted widespread attention. Ginger as an herbal remedy with predominant pharmacological properties due to its availability, cheapness, and lack of side effects is also very popular for the treatment of metabolic disorders in folk medicine. Moreover, enhancing its medicinal properties with supplements such as zinc can be widely welcomed. This study was actually performed with the aim of investigating the effects of ginger + zinc supplement on MS. The results showed that the ginger + zinc supplement could improve oxidative damage, inflammation, and autophagy caused by fructose and adjust the glucose and lipid metabolism and the homeostasis of zinc in rats with MS. The results of this study support the hypothesis that ginger can be used as a very suitable option for the production of medicinal supplements to maintain human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zana Ahmed Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Rojgar Hamed Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Dler Rostum Ali
- Basic Science Department, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Rahim Abdulkarimi
- Independent Scholar, Department of Environment, Boukan, Iran
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Nashwan K Abdulkareem
- Biophysics Unit, Department of Basic Science, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Exercise training augments Sirt1-signaling and attenuates cardiac inflammation in D-galactose induced-aging rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:4166-4174. [PMID: 30582744 PMCID: PMC6326662 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is known to be beneficial in controlling aging associated disorders however, the consequence of long-term exercise on cardiac health among aging population is not much clear. In this study the protective effect of exercise on aging associated cardiac disorders was determined using a D-galactose-induced aging model. Eight weeks old Sprague Dawley rats were given intraperitoneal injection of 150 mL/kg D-galactose. Swimming exercise was provided in warm water for 60 min/day for five days per week. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of cardiac tissue sections revealed cardiomyocyte disarrangements in the aging rat hearts but long-term exercise training showed improvements in the cardiac histology. Exercise training also enhanced the expression levels of proteins such as SIRT1, PGC-1α and AMPKα1 that are associated with energy homeostasis and further suppressed aging associated inflammatory cytokines. Our results show that long-term exercise training potentially enhances SIRT1 associated anti-aging signaling and provide cardio-protection against aging.
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Rehman MU, Rashid SM, Rasool S, Shakeel S, Ahmad B, Ahmad SB, Madkhali H, Ganaie MA, Majid S, Bhat SA. Zingerone (4-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)butan-2-one) ameliorates renal function via controlling oxidative burst and inflammation in experimental diabetic nephropathy. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019. [PMID: 29537332 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1448422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is directly linked to oxidative stress and inflammation. In this context, inflammatory and oxidative markers have gained much attention as targets for therapeutic intervention. We studied the effect of zingerone in a streptozotocin/high fat diet (STZ/HFD)-induced type 2 diabetic Wistar rat model. Zingerone also known as vanillyl acetone is a pharmacologically active compound present usually in dry ginger. STZ/HFD caused excessive increase in ROS and inflammation in experimental animals. The treatment with zingerone markedly abrogated ROS levels, inhibited the NF-кB activation and considerably reduced level of other downstream inflammatory molecules (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), furthermore, zingerone treatment improved renal functioning by significantly decreasing the levels of kidney toxicity markers KIM-1, BUN, creatinine, and LDH and suppressed TGF-β. Collectively, these findings indicate that zingerone treatment improved renal function by anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, suggesting the efficacy of zingerone in the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb U Rehman
- a Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry , Sheri Kashmir University of Agricultural Science & Technology (SKUAST-K) , Srinagar , India
| | - Shahzada Mudasir Rashid
- a Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry , Sheri Kashmir University of Agricultural Science & Technology (SKUAST-K) , Srinagar , India
| | - Saiema Rasool
- b Department of Forest ManagementForest Biotech Lab , Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - Sheeba Shakeel
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Kashmir , Srinagar , India
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- a Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry , Sheri Kashmir University of Agricultural Science & Technology (SKUAST-K) , Srinagar , India
| | - Sheikh Bilal Ahmad
- a Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry , Sheri Kashmir University of Agricultural Science & Technology (SKUAST-K) , Srinagar , India
| | - Hassan Madkhali
- d Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University , Al-Kharj , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Ahmad Ganaie
- d Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University , Al-Kharj , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabiya Majid
- e Department of Biochemistry , Govt. Medical College , Srinagar , India
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Cui Y, Shi Y, Bao Y, Wang S, Hua Q, Liu Y. Zingerone attenuates diabetic nephropathy through inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:422-430. [PMID: 29367111 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes affects a large proportion of population wide across the world and kidney is a main target organ of diabetic complications. Zingerone is a stable active component derived from dry ginger rhizome. We investigated the effect of zingerone on diabetic nephropathy and explored the possible mechanisms. We showed that zingerone decreased the levels of serum insulin, C-peptide and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c. The levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, urinary albumin content and albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) were reduced by zingerone. Moreover, zingerone attenuated the pathological injuries of kidneys, reduced the surface area of Bowman's capsule, Bowman's space, glomerular tuft, and decreased the expression of collagen IV and fibronectin in kidneys in db/db mice. The high levels of triglyceride and cholesterol, and high expression of TNFɑ and IL-6 were decreased by zingerone. Furthermore, zingerone decreased the level of MDA and increased the content of glutathione (GSH). NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression was significantly increased in kidneys of db/db mice and in HK-2 cells after exposure to high glucose. Zingerone significantly decreased the expression of NOX4 in vivo and in vitro. Upregualtion of NOX4 significantly inhibited zingerone-induced protective effects against the cytotoxicity of high glucose. Downregulation of NOX4 was responsible for zingerone-exhibited pharmacological activities and reduction of diabetic nephropathy. Overall, zingerone is a promising therapeutic treatment to attenuate diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cui
- The Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, Henan, China
| | - Yan Shi
- The Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, Henan, China
| | - Yan Bao
- The Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, Henan, China
| | - Shulong Wang
- The Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, Henan, China
| | - Qiuju Hua
- The Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, Henan, China
| | - Yun Liu
- The Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, Henan, China.
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Kim MS, Kim JY. Ginger attenuates inflammation in a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 27:1493-1501. [PMID: 30319860 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0438-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the anti-inflammatory effect of ginger extract on colitis by 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in BALB/c mice. The mice were administered either distilled water or three doses of ginger extracts for 21 days. We evaluated the change in clinical and histopathological signs and cytokine and gene expression levels. Contrary to the DSS group, the ginger groups increased body weight and inhibited shortening of the colon. DAI values and colon injury in the ginger groups were lower than that in the DSS group. Ginger groups obviously inhibited the myeloperoxidase activity and cytokine and mRNA concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, but not of intestinal barrier proteins zonula occludens (ZO)-1, occludin, E-cadherin, mucin-1, and mucin-2 in colon tissues. Our results suggest the protective effect of ginger against DSS-induced colitis and that ginger could be utilized to prevent and treat irritable bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Seo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811 Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811 Korea
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Ebrahimzadeh Attari V, Malek Mahdavi A, Javadivala Z, Mahluji S, Zununi Vahed S, Ostadrahimi A. A systematic review of the anti-obesity and weight lowering effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and its mechanisms of action. Phytother Res 2018; 32:577-585. [PMID: 29193411 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the beneficial effects of ginger on obesity is taken into consideration. Albeit, it seems that the anti-obesity effect of ginger and its mechanism of action has not yet been reviewed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to systematically review the effect of Zingiber officinale Roscoe on obesity management. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar, and Science Direct were searched from 1995 until May 2017 using the definitive keywords. Searching was limited to articles with English language. All of the relevant human and animal studies and also in vitro studies were included. Review articles, abstract in congress, and also other varieties of ginger were excluded. Eligibility of included articles were evaluated by 3 reviewers, which also extracted data. Articles were critically assessed individually for possible risk of bias. Twenty-seven articles (6 in vitro, 17 animal, and 4 human studies) were reviewed. Most of the experimental studies supported the weight lowering effect of ginger extract or powder in obese animal models, whereas the results of the available limited clinical studies showed no changes or slight changes of anthropometric measurements and body composition in subjects with obesity. Ginger could modulate obesity through various potential mechanisms including increasing thermogenesis, increasing lipolysis, suppression of lipogenesis, inhibition of intestinal fat absorption, and controlling appetite. This review article provides some convincing evidence to support the efficacy of ginger in obesity management and demonstrates the importance of future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Ebrahimzadeh Attari
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Maraghe University of Medical Sciences, Maraghe, Iran
| | - Aida Malek Mahdavi
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Javadivala
- Department of Health Education & Promotion, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mahluji
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Bae WY, Choi JS, Kim JE, Park C, Jeong JW. Zingerone suppresses angiogenesis via inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases during tumor development. Oncotarget 2018; 7:47232-47241. [PMID: 27323807 PMCID: PMC5216937 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an essential step for tumor survival and progression, and the inhibition of angiogenesis is a good strategy for tumor therapeutics. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of zingerone in a mouse tumor model. Zingerone suppressed tumor progression and tumor angiogenesis. Moreover, we found that zingerone inhibited the angiogenic activities of endothelial cells by both direct and indirect means. A mechanistic study showed that the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in tumor cells were decreased by treatment with zingerone. Interestingly, zingerone-mediated inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was involved in the JNK pathway. In conclusion, zingerone showed strong anti-angiogenic activity via the inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 during tumor progression, suggesting that zingerone may be a potential therapeutic drug for human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woom-Yee Bae
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Eun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Won Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
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13
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Abozaid OAR, Moawed FSM, Farrag MA, Abdel Aziz AAA. 4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone modulates redox signal in gamma-irradiation-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:943-953. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1395025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omayma A. R. Abozaid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Fatma S. M. Moawed
- Health Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A. Farrag
- Radiation Biology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Wang C, Batey R, Yamahara J, Li Y. Multiple molecular targets in the liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in ginger-elicited amelioration of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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15
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Mani V, Arivalagan S, Islam Siddique A, Namasivayam N. Antihyperlipidemic and antiapoptotic potential of zingerone on alcohol induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 272:197-206. [PMID: 28442378 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ultimate aim of this present study was to investigate the antihyperlipidemic and antiapoptotic potential of zingerone (ZO) on alcohol induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats. Male albino wistar rats were divided in four groups. Groups 1 and 2 rats received isocaloric glucose and dimethyl sulphoxide (2% DMSO), liver toxicity was induced in groups 3 and 4 by supplementing 30% ethanol post orally for 60 days. In addition to, groups 2 and 4 received zingerone (20 mg/kg body weight in 2% DMSO) daily during the final 30 days of the experimental period. Ethanol alone administered rats showed increased levels/activities of plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), phospholipids (PL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), tissue TC, TG, FFA, PL, HMG-CoA reductase, phase I xenobiotic enzymes, collagen and fat accumulation, DNA damage and increased Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9 expressions and decrease in the levels/activities of plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT), phase II xenobiotic enzymes and a decreased Bcl-2 expression. Zingerone supplementation was able to counter and reverse the ethanol induced changes in all the above parameters in experimental rats. Together results portray zingerone exhibits antihyperlipidemic and antiapoptotic potential on alcohol induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Mani
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sivaranjani Arivalagan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Aktarul Islam Siddique
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Nalini Namasivayam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India.
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16
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Ahmad B, Amin I, Akram T, Ur-Rehman M, Ahmad S, Rasool S, Arif A, Farooq A, Muzamil S, Hussain I, Ur-Rahman M. Zingerone (4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone) Protects Against Acetaminophen Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats via Alleviation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2016.832.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role of zingerone in ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 421:169-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2798-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Zingerone protects against cisplatin-induced oxidative damage in the jejunum of Wistar rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-015-0187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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19
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Ahmad B, Rehman MU, Amin I, Arif A, Rasool S, Bhat SA, Afzal I, Hussain I, Bilal S, Mir MUR. A Review on Pharmacological Properties of Zingerone (4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone). ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:816364. [PMID: 26106644 PMCID: PMC4461790 DOI: 10.1155/2015/816364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans have been using natural products for medicinal use for ages. Natural products of therapeutic importance are compounds derived from plants, animals, or any microorganism. Ginger is also one of the most commonly used condiments and a natural drug in vogue. It is a traditional medicine, having some active ingredients used for the treatment of numerous diseases. During recent research on ginger, various ingredients like zingerone, shogaol, and paradol have been obtained from it. Zingerone (4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone) is a nontoxic and inexpensive compound with varied pharmacological activities. It is the least pungent component of Zingiber officinale. Zingerone is absent in fresh ginger but cooking or heating transforms gingerol to zingerone. Zingerone closely related to vanillin from vanilla and eugenol from clove. Zingerone has potent anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antilipolytic, antidiarrhoeic, antispasmodic, and so forth properties. Besides, it displays the property of enhancing growth and immune stimulation. It behaves as appetite stimulant, anxiolytic, antithrombotic, radiation protective, and antimicrobial. Also, it inhibits the reactive nitrogen species which are important in causing Alzheimer's disease and many other disorders. This review is written to shed light on the various pharmacological properties of zingerone and its role in alleviating numerous human and animal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmad
- Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science & Technology (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Muneeb U. Rehman
- Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science & Technology (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Insha Amin
- Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science & Technology (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Ahmad Arif
- Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science & Technology (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Saiema Rasool
- Forest Biotech Lab, Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Showkat Ahmad Bhat
- Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science & Technology (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Insha Afzal
- Division of Livestock Production & Management, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science & Technology (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Ishraq Hussain
- Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science & Technology (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Sheikh Bilal
- Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science & Technology (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Manzoor ur Rahman Mir
- Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science & Technology (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
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20
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Wang L, Waltenberger B, Pferschy-Wenzig EM, Blunder M, Liu X, Malainer C, Blazevic T, Schwaiger S, Rollinger JM, Heiss EH, Schuster D, Kopp B, Bauer R, Stuppner H, Dirsch VM, Atanasov AG. Natural product agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ): a review. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:73-89. [PMID: 25083916 PMCID: PMC4212005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Agonists of the nuclear receptor PPARγ are therapeutically used to combat hyperglycaemia associated with the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. In spite of being effective in normalization of blood glucose levels, the currently used PPARγ agonists from the thiazolidinedione type have serious side effects, making the discovery of novel ligands highly relevant. Natural products have proven historically to be a promising pool of structures for drug discovery, and a significant research effort has recently been undertaken to explore the PPARγ-activating potential of a wide range of natural products originating from traditionally used medicinal plants or dietary sources. The majority of identified compounds are selective PPARγ modulators (SPPARMs), transactivating the expression of PPARγ-dependent reporter genes as partial agonists. Those natural PPARγ ligands have different binding modes to the receptor in comparison to the full thiazolidinedione agonists, and on some occasions activate in addition PPARα (e.g. genistein, biochanin A, sargaquinoic acid, sargahydroquinoic acid, resveratrol, amorphastilbol) or the PPARγ-dimer partner retinoid X receptor (RXR; e.g. the neolignans magnolol and honokiol). A number of in vivo studies suggest that some of the natural product activators of PPARγ (e.g. honokiol, amorfrutin 1, amorfrutin B, amorphastilbol) improve metabolic parameters in diabetic animal models, partly with reduced side effects in comparison to full thiazolidinedione agonists. The bioactivity pattern as well as the dietary use of several of the identified active compounds and plant extracts warrants future research regarding their therapeutic potential and the possibility to modulate PPARγ activation by dietary interventions or food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Wang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Waltenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Martina Blunder
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Xin Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Tina Blazevic
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Schwaiger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Judith M Rollinger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elke H Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Brigitte Kopp
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Austria
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21
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Rahmani AH, shabrmi FMA, Aly SM. Active ingredients of ginger as potential candidates in the prevention and treatment of diseases via modulation of biological activities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 6:125-136. [PMID: 25057339 PMCID: PMC4106649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The current mode of treatment based on synthetic drugs is expensive and also causes genetic and metabolic alterations. However, safe and sound mode of treatment is needed to control the diseases development and progression. In this regards, medicinal plant and its constituents play an important role in diseases management via modulation of biological activities. Ginger, the rhizome of the Zingiber officinale, has shown therapeutic role in the health management since ancient time and considered as potential chemopreventive agent. Numerous studies based on clinical trials and animal model has shown that ginger and its constituents shows significant role in the prevention of diseases via modulation of genetic and metabolic activities. In this review, we focused on the therapeutics effects of ginger and its constituents in the diseases management, and its impact on genetic and metabolic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad H Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim UniversitySaudi Arabia
| | - Fahad M Al shabrmi
- Department of Radiology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim UniversitySaudi Arabia
| | - Salah M Aly
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim UniversitySaudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Suez Canal UniversityIsmailia, Egypt
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22
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Abstract
Ageing, also called as senescence, is one of the most complex, intrinsic, biological processes of growing older and resulting into reduced functional ability of the organism. Telomerase, environment, low calorie diets, free radicals, etc., are all believed to affect this ageing process. A number of genetic components of ageing have been identified using model organisms. Genes, mainly the sirtuins, regulate the ageing speed by indirection and controlling organism resistance to damages by exogenous and endogenous stresses. In higher organisms, ageing is likely to be regulated, in part, through the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 pathway. Besides this, the induction of apoptosis in stem and progenitor cells, increased p53 activity, and autophagy is also thought to trigger premature organismal ageing. Ageing has also been shown to upregulate expression of inflammatory mediators in mouse adipose tissue. The understanding of pathophysiology of ageing over the past few years has posed tremendous challenges for the development of anti-ageing medicine for targeted therapy. Future research areas must include targeted role of systemic inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein and interleukin 6 and other biochemical and genetic studies including gene signaling pathways, gene microarray analysis, gene modulation, gene therapy, and development of animal/human models for potential therapeutic measures and evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Nigam
- Department of Surgery, Pt. J. N. M. Medical College, Raipur, CG, India
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23
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Abstract
Recent research has rejuvenated centuries-old traditional herbs to cure various ailments by using modern tools like diet-based therapy and other regimens. Ginger is one of the classic examples of an herb used for not only culinary preparations but also for unique therapeutic significance owing to its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory potential. The pungent fractions of ginger, namely gingerols, shogaols, paradols, and volatile constituents like sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes, are mainly attributed to the health-enhancing perspectives of ginger. This review elucidates the health claims of ginger and the molecular aspects and targets, with special reference to anticancer perspectives, immunonutrition, antioxidant potential, and cardiovascular cure. The molecular targets involved in chemoprevention like the inhibition of NF-κB activation via impairing nuclear translocation, suppresses cIAP1 expression, increases caspase-3/7 activation, arrests cell cycle in G2 + M phases, up-regulates Cytochrome-c, Apaf-1, activates PI3K/Akt/I kappaB kinases IKK, suppresses cell proliferation, and inducts apoptosis and chromatin condensation. Similarly, facts are presented regarding the anti-inflammatory response of ginger components and molecular targets including inhibition of prostaglandin and leukotriene biosynthesis and suppression of 5-lipoxygenase. Furthermore, inhibition of phosphorylation of three mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) are also discussed. The role of ginger in reducing the extent of cardiovascular disorders, diabetes mellitus, and digestive problems has also been described in detail. Although, current review articles summarized the literature pertaining to ginger and its components. However, authors are still of the view that further research should be immediately carried out for meticulousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Sadiq Butt
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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24
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Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor and a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Acting as sensors of hormones, vitamins, endogenous metabolites and xenobiotic compounds, the nuclear receptors control the expression of a very large number of genes. PPARγ has been known for some time to regulate adipocyte differentiation, fatty acid storage and glucose metabolism, and is a target of anti-diabetic drugs. More recently, PPARγ has been recognized as playing a fundamentally important role in the immune response through its ability to inhibit the expression of inflammatory cytokines and to direct the differentiation of immune cells towards anti-inflammatory phenotypes. A feature of PPARγ is the structural diversity of its ligands, which encompass endogenous metabolites, dietary compounds and synthetic drugs. The high and increasing incidence of inflammatory and allergic disease, coupled with encouraging results from recent clinical trials, suggest that natural PPARγ agonists found in foods may be beneficial to human health by acting as anti-inflammatory molecules. PPARγ is therefore not only a target of the pharmaceutical industry, but also of great potential interest to the food industry, since it is activated by several natural dietary constituents. The prospects for dietary intervention in inflammatory disease have improved somewhat over the last few years, and are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Martin
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand.
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25
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Martin H. Role of PPAR-gamma in inflammation. Prospects for therapeutic intervention by food components. Mutat Res 2009; 669:1-7. [PMID: 19563816 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2009.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor and a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Acting as sensors of hormones, vitamins, endogenous metabolites and xenobiotic compounds, the nuclear receptors control the expression of a very large number of genes. PPARgamma has been known for some time to regulate adipocyte differentiation, fatty acid storage and glucose metabolism, and is a target of anti-diabetic drugs. More recently, PPARgamma has been recognized as playing a fundamentally important role in the immune response through its ability to inhibit the expression of inflammatory cytokines and to direct the differentiation of immune cells towards anti-inflammatory phenotypes. A feature of PPARgamma is the structural diversity of its ligands, which encompass endogenous metabolites, dietary compounds and synthetic drugs. The high and increasing incidence of inflammatory and allergic disease, coupled with encouraging results from recent clinical trials, suggest that natural PPARgamma agonists found in foods may be beneficial to human health by acting as anti-inflammatory molecules. PPARgamma is therefore not only a target of the pharmaceutical industry, but also of great potential interest to the food industry, since it is activated by several natural dietary constituents. The prospects for dietary intervention in inflammatory disease have improved somewhat over the last few years, and are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Martin
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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