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Liu Q, Chen X, Tan Y, Liu J, Zhu M, Li D, Zhou Y, Zhang T, Yin QZ. Natural products as glycolytic inhibitors for cervical cancer treatment: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116708. [PMID: 38723515 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer, a prevalent gynaecological malignancy, presents challenges in late-stage treatment efficacy. Aerobic glycolysis, a prominent metabolic trait in cervical cancer, emerges as a promising target for novel drug discovery. Natural products, originating from traditional medicine, represent a significant therapeutic avenue and primary source for new drug development. This review explores the regulatory mechanisms of glycolysis in cervical cancer and summarises natural compounds that inhibit aerobic glycolysis as a therapeutic strategy. The glycolytic phenotype in cervical cancer is regulated by classical molecules such as HIF-1, HPV virulence factors and specificity protein 1, which facilitate the Warburg effect in cervical cancer. Various natural products, such as artemisinin, shikonin and kaempferol, exert inhibitory effects by downregulating key glycolytic enzymes through signalling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α and JAK2/STAT3. Despite challenges related to drug metabolism and toxicity, these natural compounds provide novel insights and promising avenues for cervical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Liu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Xiuhan Chen
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Yurong Tan
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Mingya Zhu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Delin Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Yijie Zhou
- Anyue County Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Ziyang 610072, China.
| | - Tiane Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
| | - Qiao Zhi Yin
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
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Ahmad SS, Ahmad K, Hwang YC, Lee EJ, Choi I. Therapeutic Applications of Ginseng Natural Compounds for Health Management. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17290. [PMID: 38139116 PMCID: PMC10744087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginseng is usually consumed as a daily food supplement to improve health and has been shown to benefit skeletal muscle, improve glucose metabolism, and ameliorate muscle-wasting conditions, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and the effects of aging and cancers. Ginseng has also been reported to help maintain bone strength and liver (digestion, metabolism, detoxification, and protein synthesis) and kidney functions. In addition, ginseng is often used to treat age-associated neurodegenerative disorders, and ginseng and ginseng-derived natural products are popular natural remedies for diseases such as diabetes, obesity, oxidative stress, and inflammation, as well as fungal, bacterial, and viral infections. Ginseng is a well-known herbal medication, known to alleviate the actions of several cytokines. The article concludes with future directions and significant application of ginseng compounds for researchers in understanding the promising role of ginseng in the treatment of several diseases. Overall, this study was undertaken to highlight the broad-spectrum therapeutic applications of ginseng compounds for health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (Y.C.H.); (E.J.L.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (Y.C.H.); (E.J.L.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Chan Hwang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (Y.C.H.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (Y.C.H.); (E.J.L.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (Y.C.H.); (E.J.L.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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Xue JY, Wu YY, Han YL, Song XY, Zhang MY, Cheng J, Lin B, Xia MY, Zhang YX. Anthraquinone metabolites isolated from the rhizosphere soil Streptomyces of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen target MMP2 to inhibit cancer cell migration. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 312:116457. [PMID: 37088235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen belongs to the Araliaceae family. It has been used by traditional Chinese people in Northeast Asia for centuries as an antidiabetic, antioxidant, antitumor agent, etc. Endophytic or rhizospheric microorganisms play key roles in plant defense mechanisms, and they are essential in the discovery of pharmaceuticals and valuable new secondary metabolites. In particular, endophytic or rhizospheric microorganisms of traditional medicinal plants. AIM OF THE STUDY To discover valuable new secondary metabolites from rhizosphere soil Streptomyces sp. SYP-A7185 of P. notoginseng, and to explore potential bioactivities and targets of metabolites protrusive function. MATERIALS AND METHODS The metabolites were obtained via column chromatography and identified by multiple spectroscopic analyses. The antitumor, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiglycosidases effects of isolated metabolites were tested using 3-[4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetazolium bromide (MTT), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 96-well turbidimetric, and α-glucosidase inhibitory assays. The potential antitumor targets were predicted through network pharmacological approaches. The interactions between metabolites and target were verified by molecular docking and biolayer interferometry (BLI) assay. The effects of cancer cells migration were detected through wound healing assays in A549 and MCF-7. Other cellular validation experiments including reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT‒qPCR) and western blotting (WB) were used to confirm the hypothesis of network pharmacology. RESULTS Five different chemotypes of anthraquinone derivatives (1-10), including six new compounds (3, 6-10), were identified from Streptomyces sp. SYP-A7185. Compounds 1-6 and 9 displayed moderate to strong cytotoxicity on five human cancer cell lines (A549, HepG2, MCF-7, MDA-MD-231, and MGC-803). Moreover, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) were predicted as a potential antitumor target of metabolites 1-6 and 9 by comprehensive network pharmacology analysis. Later, BLI assays revealed strong intermolecular interactions between MMP2 and antitumor metabolites, and molecular docking results showed the interaction of metabolites 1-6 and 9 with MMP2 was dependent on the crucial amino acid residues of LEU-83, ALA-84, LEU-117, HIS-131, PRO-135, GLY-136, ALA-140, PRO-141, TYR-143, and THR-144. These results implied that metabolites (1-6 and 9) might inhibit cancer cell migration besides cancer cell proliferation. After that, the cell wound healing assay showed that the cell migration processes were also inhibited after the treatments of compounds 1 and 3 in A549 and MCF-7 cells. In addition, the RT‒qPCR and WB results demonstrated that the gene expression levels of MMP2 were decreased after the treatment with compounds 1 and 3 in A549 and MCF-7 cells. Besides, compound 2 displayed moderate antioxidant activity (EC50, 27.43 μM), compounds 3 and 6 exhibited moderate antibacterial activity, and compound 3 inhibited α-glucosidase with an IC50 value of 13.10 μM. CONCLUSIONS Anthraquinone metabolites, from rhizosphere soil Streptomyces sp. of P. notoginseng, possess antitumor, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiglycosidase activities. Moreover, metabolites 1 and 3 inhibit cancer cells migration through downregulating MMP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yan Xue
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ying-Ying Wu
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yu-Ling Han
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xin-Yu Song
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Meng-Yue Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Juan Cheng
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Bin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ming-Yu Xia
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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SWE ZM, CHUMPHON T, PANGJIT K, PROMSAI S. Use of pigmented rice as carrier and stingless bee honey as prebiotic to formulate novel synbiotic products mixed with three strains of probiotic bacteria. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.120722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Saran PROMSAI
- Kasetsart University, Thailand; Kasetsart University, Thailand
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Gupta M, Chandan K, Sarwat M. Natural Products and their Derivatives as Immune Check Point Inhibitors: Targeting Cytokine/Chemokine Signalling in Cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:214-232. [PMID: 35772610 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is the new generation and widely accepted form of tumour treatment. It is, however, associated with exclusive challenges which include organ-specific inflammation, and single-target strategies. Therefore, approaches that can enhance the efficiency of existing immunotherapies and expand their indications are required for the further development of immunotherapy. Natural products and medicines are stated to have this desired effect on cancer immunotherapy (adoptive immune-cells therapy, cancer vaccines, and immune-check point inhibitors). They refurbish the immunosuppressed tumour microenvironment, which is the primary location of interaction of tumour cells with the host immune system. Various immune cell subsets, via interaction with cytokine/chemokine receptors, are recruited into this microenvironment, and these subsets have roles in tumour progression and treatment responsiveness. This review summarises cytokine/chemokine signalling, types of cancer immunotherapy and the herbal medicine-derived natural products targeting cytokine/chemokines and immune checkpoints. These natural compounds possess immunomodulatory activities and exert their anti-tumour effect by either blocking the interaction or modulating the expression of the proteins linked with immune checkpoint signaling pathways. Some compounds also show a synergistic effect in combination with existing monoclonal antibody drugs to reverse the tumour microenvironment. Additionally, we have also reported some studies about the derivatives and formulations used to overcome the limitations of natural forms. This review can provide important insights for directing future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Gupta
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida-201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kumari Chandan
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida-201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Maryam Sarwat
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida-201313, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Liu R, Gao Y, Yuan Y, Wu Q, Zhi Z, Muhindo EM, Wu T, Sui W, Zhang M. Transformation of ginsenosides by moderate heat-moisture treatment and their cytotoxicity toward HepG2 cells. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Hawthorne B, Lund K, Freggiaro S, Kaga R, Meng J. The mechanism of the cytotoxic effect of Panax notoginseng extracts on prostate cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112887. [PMID: 35367754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H. commonly referred to as Sanqi, is a Chinese herb that has long been used to treat various conditions including blood disorders and cardiovascular diseases. While Panax notoginseng has been used as an anti-cancer medicinal herb in recent years, how it achieves this therapeutic effect has not been thoroughly elucidated. The purpose of this study was to reveal more about the mechanism of the cytotoxic effect of Panax notoginseng on prostate cancer (PCa) cells. METHODS Ethanol extract of Panax notoginseng root was authenticated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The cytotoxic activity of this herb against PCa cells was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The assessment of cellular metabolic activity demonstrated that Panax notoginseng reduces the viability of LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Annexin-V binding flow cytometry assay showed that Panax notoginseng induces apoptosis in PCa cells. Cell cycle analysis by quantification of DNA content using flow cytometry showed that Panax notoginseng arrests the cell cycle at the G2/M phase in both LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells. Moreover, ELISA demonstrated that Panax notoginseng-treated PCa cells secrete significantly less tumor-promoting cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) to the supernatant compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence for the cytotoxic effects of Panax notoginseng on PCa cell lines. This botanical is a promising candidate for the complementary and integrative medicine treatment of PCa and further studies are indicated to determine the anti-cancer mechanism of Panax notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hawthorne
- School of Naturopathic Medicine, Bastyr University, 14500 Juanita Drive NE, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA
| | - Kaleb Lund
- School of Naturopathic Medicine, Bastyr University, 14500 Juanita Drive NE, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA
| | - Sydney Freggiaro
- School of Naturopathic Medicine, Bastyr University, 14500 Juanita Drive NE, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA
| | - Risa Kaga
- School of Natural Health Arts & Sciences, Bastyr University, 14500 Juanita Drive NE, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA
| | - Jing Meng
- School of Natural Health Arts & Sciences, Bastyr University, 14500 Juanita Drive NE, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA.
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Yue J, Li Z, Zuo Z, Wang Y. Evaluation of Ecological Suitability and Quality Suitability of Panax notoginseng Under Multi-Regionalization Modeling Theory. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:818376. [PMID: 35574115 PMCID: PMC9096839 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.818376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng is an important medicinal plant in China, but there are some limitations in the ecological suitability study, such as incomplete investigation of species distribution, single regionalization modeling, and lack of collaborative evaluation of ecological suitability, and quality suitability. In this study, the maximum entropy model was used to analyze the ecological suitability of P. notoginseng under current and future climates. The multi-source chemical information of samples was collected to evaluate the uniformity between quality and ecology. The results showed that the current suitable habitat was mainly in southwest China. In the future climate scenarios, the high suitable habitat will be severely degraded. Modeling based on different regionalization could predict larger suitable habitat areas. The samples in the high suitable habitat had both quality suitability and ecological suitability, and the accumulation of chemical components had different responses to different environmental factors. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy combined with deep learning could achieve rapid identification of samples from different suitable habitats. In conclusion, global warming is not conducive to the distribution and spread of P. notoginseng. The high suitable habitat was conducive to the cultivation of high-quality medicinal materials. Actual regionalization modeling had more guiding significance for the selection of suitable habitats in a small area. The multi-regionalization modeling theory proposed in this study could provide a new perspective for the ecological suitability study of similar medicinal plants. The results provided a reference for the introduction and cultivation, and lay the foundation for the scientific and standardized production of high-quality P. notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - ZhiTian Zuo
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - YuanZhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
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Li Y, Li J, Diao M, Peng L, Huang S, Xie N. Characterization of a Group of UDP-Glycosyltransferases Involved in the Biosynthesis of Triterpenoid Saponins of Panax notoginseng. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:770-779. [PMID: 35107265 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT)-mediated glycosylation is a common modification in triterpene saponins, which exhibit a wide range of bioactivities and important pharmacological effects. However, few UGTs involved in saponin biosynthesis have been identified, limiting the biosynthesis of saponins. In this study, an efficient heterologous expression system was established for evaluating the UGT-mediated glycosylation process of triterpene saponins. Six UGTs (UGTPn17, UGTPn42, UGTPn35, UGTPn87, UGTPn19, and UGTPn12) from Panax notoginseng were predicted and found to be responsible for efficient and direct enzymatic biotransformation of 21 triterpenoid saponins via 26 various glycosylation reactions. Among them, UGTPn87 exhibited promiscuous sugar-donor specificity of UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) and UDP-xylose (UDP-Xyl) by catalyzing the elongation of the second sugar chain at the C3 or/and C20 sites of protopanaxadiol-type saponins with a UDP-Glc or UDP-Xyl donor, as well as at the C20 site of protopanaxadiol-type saponins with a UDP-Glc donor. Two new saponins, Fd-Xyl and Fe-Xyl, were generated by catalyzing the C3-O-Glc xylosylations of notoginsenoside Fd and notoginsenoside Fe when incubated with UGTPn87. Moreover, the complete biosynthetic pathways of 17 saponins were elucidated, among which notoginsenoside L, vinaginsenoside R16, gypenoside LXXV, and gypenoside XVII were revealed in Panax for the first time. A yeast cell factory was constructed with a yield of Rh2 at 354.69 mg/L and a glycosylation ratio of 60.40% in flasks. Our results reveal the biosynthetic pathway of a group of saponins in P. notoginseng and provide a theoretical basis for producing rare and valuable saponins, promoting their industrial application in medicine and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Biomass Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Jianxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Biomass Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Mengxue Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Biomass Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Longyun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Biomass Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Shihai Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Nengzhong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Biomass Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning 530007, China
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Wang S, Yang S, Chen Y, Chen Y, Li R, Han S, Kamili A, Wu Y, Zhang W. Ginsenoside Rb2 Alleviated Atherosclerosis by Inhibiting M1 Macrophages Polarization Induced by MicroRNA-216a. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:764130. [PMID: 35046806 PMCID: PMC8762269 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.764130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease characterized by the inflammatory process and lipid depositions. We previously reported that microRNA-216a (miR-216a) can accelerate the progression of atherosclerosis by promoting the polarization of M1 pro-inflammatory phenotype. Ginsenoside Rb2 (Rb2), the major pharmacologically active compound extracted from ginseng, has a high affinity to miR-216a. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether Rb2 can counteract the effect of miR-216a in macrophages to ameliorate atherosclerosis. Methods: The apolipoprotein E deficiency (ApoE−/−) mice model was chronically infected with miR-216a adenovirus via the tail vein and then intraperitoneally injected with Rb2. The plaque lesion area and stability of thoracic aorta were examined. The human myeloid leukemia mononuclear cells (THP-1) or human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured in vitro, transfected with miR-216a mimics, and treated with Rb2 to explore the mechanisms of Rb2 on the polarization of M1 macrophages, inflammatory process, and lipid accumulation. Results: In the atherosclerotic ApoE−/− mice model, miR-216a greatly increased en face aortic lesion area of the thoracic aorta, lipid accumulation, and M1 macrophages infiltration in plaques, whereas these effects of miR-216a on atherosclerosis burden were significantly alleviated by Rb2 treatment. In the in vitro THP-1 model, the flow cytometry experiment showed that Rb2 treatment inhibited miR-216a–mediated polarization of M1 macrophages characterized by the surface marker CD86 expression but had no effects on M2 polarization characterized by the surface marker CD206 expression. Mechanistically, Rb2 suppressed the miR-216a–mediated inflammatory response through the Smad3/nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor alpha pathway. Moreover, Rb2 reduced the lipid uptake and promoted cholesterol efflux by counteracting the effects of miR-216a in the THP-1–derived foam cells and in the PBMC-derived foam cells under the oxidized low-density lipoproteins. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that Rb2 might be a potential therapeutic molecule for atherosclerosis by attenuating the atherosclerosis plaque lesion, lipid accumulation, and M1 macrophages polarization by targeting miR-216a. Given that accumulation of foam cells in the intima takes place chronically, the role of Rb2 in atherosclerosis progression needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shujun Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yutong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Adalaiti Kamili
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhong Z, Vong CT, Chen F, Tan H, Zhang C, Wang N, Cui L, Wang Y, Feng Y. Immunomodulatory potential of natural products from herbal medicines as immune checkpoints inhibitors: Helping to fight against cancer via multiple targets. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1246-1279. [PMID: 35028953 PMCID: PMC9306614 DOI: 10.1002/med.21876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy sheds new light to cancer treatment and is satisfied by cancer patients. However, immunotoxicity, single‐source antibodies, and single‐targeting stratege are potential challenges to the success of cancer immunotherapy. A huge number of promising lead compounds for cancer treatment are of natural origin from herbal medicines. The application of natural products from herbal medicines that have immunomodulatory properties could alter the landscape of immunotherapy drastically. The present study summarizes current medication for cancer immunotherapy and discusses the potential chemicals from herbal medicines as immune checkpoint inhibitors that have a broad range of immunomodulatory effects. Therefore, this review provides valuable insights into the efficacy and mechanism of actions of cancer immunotherapies, including natural products and combined treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors, which could confer an improved clinical outcome for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangfeng Zhong
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.,Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Feiyu Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Horyue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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Wei H, Guo C, Zhu R, Zhang C, Han N, Liu R, Hua B, Li Y, Lin H, Yu J. Shuangshen granules attenuate lung metastasis by modulating bone marrow differentiation through mTOR signalling inhibition. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:113305. [PMID: 32890710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medicine Shuangshen granules (SSG) have been used to treat lung cancer patients with Qi deficiency and blood stasis for decades. According to clinical experience, SSG indeed improve the quality of life and prolong the survival time of patients with lung cancer after surgery. Each of the components herbs was proved to be effective in anti-cancer therapy. Both the American ginseng and notoginseng belong to genus Panax of the family Araliaceae. Preclinical and clinical studies demonstrated that ginsenosides of them have anti- or preventive activities to various tumors, including cancers of gastric, breast, liver, lung, ovarian, colon, melanoma and leukemia. PDS, such as ginsenoside Rb1, and PTS, such as ginsenoside Rg1 are the main anticancer compositions. Cordyceps sinensis had also been found effective in inhibiting tumour growth and metastasis, especially on tumour associated immune cells, such as macrophages. However, limited information is available regarding potential mechanisms of SSG. Myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC)-mediated immunosuppression, which is closely associated with poor clinical outcomes in cancer patients, may be the target of SSG, which regulate immune function. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to explore whether SSG attenuate the differentiation of bone marrow cells (BMCs) into MDSCs by blocking the mTOR signalling, leading to the suppression of lung metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, we observed the differentiation of BMCs into MDSCs in vitro and in vivo. BMCs were cultured alone or co-cultured with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cell supernatant in vitro. The effects of different concentrations of SSG, or LLC cell supernatant as a control, on BMC differentiation were detected by flow cytometry and western blotting. Male C57BL/6J mice were subcutaneously implanted with LLC cells, and SSG were administered by gavage twice daily before and after implantation for 7 or 14 days, respectively. The tumour weight, proportion of MDSCs, presence of CD11b+Ly6C+Ly6G- and CD11b+Ly6C+Ly6G+ cells in the bone marrow, blood, and lungs, as well as the expression levels of differentiation-related proteins in the bone marrow and lungs were evaluated. RESULTS SSG attenuated the differentiation of BMCs into MDSCs, and reduced the fraction of CD11b+Ly6C+Ly6G+ cells by inhibiting the mTOR/S6K1/Myc signalling pathway. In vivo, SSG attenuated differentiation-associated protein markers and reduced the fractions of MDSCs and CD11b+Ly6C+Ly6G+ cells in the bone marrow, blood, and lungs. In addition, SSG administration reduced the tumour weight and inhibited lung metastasis. CONCLUSIONS SSG may reduce lung metastasis by attenuating BMC differentiation into CD11b+Ly6C+Ly6G+ cells by inhibiting mTOR signalling in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamin Wei
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong an Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Chunxiu Guo
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange St., Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
| | - Ruili Zhu
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange St., Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
| | - Congen Zhang
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong an Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Nina Han
- Beijing Tcmages Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101301, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange St., Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
| | - Baojin Hua
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange St., Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
| | - Yangfan Li
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong an Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Hai Lin
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong an Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Jing Yu
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong an Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Tan MM, Chen MH, Han F, Wang JW, Tu YX. Role of Bioactive Constituents of Panax notoginseng in the Modulation of Tumorigenesis: A Potential Review for the Treatment of Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:738914. [PMID: 34776959 PMCID: PMC8578715 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.738914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death, affecting people in both developed and developing countries. It is a challenging disease due to its complicated pathophysiological mechanism. Many anti-cancer drugs are used to treat cancer and reduce mortality rates, but their toxicity limits their administration. Drugs made from natural products, which act as multi-targeted therapy, have the ability to target critical signaling proteins in different pathways. Natural compounds possess pharmacological activities such as anti-cancer activity, low toxicity, and minimum side effects. Panax notoginseng is a medicinal plant whose extracts and phytochemicals are used to treat cancer, cardiovascular disorders, blood stasis, easing inflammation, edema, and pain. P. notoginseng's secondary metabolites target cancer's dysregulated pathways, causing cancer cell death. In this review, we focused on several ginsenosides extracted from P. notoginseng that have been evaluated against various cancer cell lines, with the aim of cancer treatment. Furthermore, an in vivo investigation of these ginsenosides should be conducted to gain insight into the dysregulation of several pathways, followed by clinical trials for the potential and effective treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Tan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tiantai People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang People’s Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Min-Hua Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Wei Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tiantai People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang People’s Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Yue-Xing Tu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Cao Y, Li Q, Zhou A, Ke Z, Chen S, Li M, Gong Z, Wang Z, Wu X. Notoginsenoside R1 Reverses Abnormal Autophagy in Hippocampal Neurons of Mice With Sleep Deprivation Through Melatonin Receptor 1A. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:719313. [PMID: 34603030 PMCID: PMC8481657 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.719313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) may cause serious neural injury in the central nervous system, leading to impairment of learning and memory. Melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) plays an important role in the sleep regulation upon activation by melatonin. The present study aimed to investigate if notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1), an active compound isolated from Panax notoginseng, could alleviate neural injury, thus improve impaired learning and memory of SD mice, as well as to explore its underlying action mechanism through modulating MTNR1A. Our results showed that NGR1 administration improved the impaired learning and memory of SD mice. NGR1 prevented the morphological damage and the accumulation of autophagosomes in the hippocampus of SD mice. At the molecular level, NGR1 reversed the expressions of proteins involved in autophagy and apoptosis, such as beclin-1, LC3B, p62, Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved-caspase 3. Furthermore, the effect of NGR1 was found to be closely related with the MTNR1A-mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. On HT-22 cells induced by autophagy inducer rapamycin, NGR1 markedly attenuated excessive autophagy and apoptosis, and the alleviative effect was abolished by the MTNR1A inhibitor. Taken together, NGR1 was shown to alleviate the impaired learning and memory of SD mice, and its function might be exerted through reduction of excessive autophagy and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons by regulating the MTNR1A-mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - An Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zunji Ke
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Mingrui Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zipeng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Increased Extracellular Saponin Production after the Addition of Rutin in Truffle Liquid Fermentation and Its Antioxidant Activities. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7030103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Saponins possess a variety of pharmacological effects and exhibit great potential in the food industry as bioactive substances. In this study, extracellular saponin production via the liquid fermentation of Tuber melanosporum occurred with the addition of rutin. For this purpose, medium composition and culture conditions were optimized using single-factor experiments and an orthogonal experiment design. The optimal medium consisted of glucose (43.5 g/L), peptone (6 g/L), KH2PO4 (1.15 g/L), NaCl (0.2 g/L), vitamin B2 (0.082 g/L), vitamin B6 (0.1 g/L), vitamin C (0.02 g/L), and rutin (4.8 g/L). The culture conditions were as follows: 12.5% (v/v) inoculation, medium volume of 50 mL/250 mL flask, culture temperature of 24 °C, shaker speed of 190 rpm, initial pH of 5.7, and culture time of 96 h. Finally, a maximal extracellular saponin content of 0.413 g/L was obtained, which was 134.7% higher than that in the base medium. Rutin proved to be an excellent promoter, because the saponin production was increased by 50.2% compared to that in the optimized medium without rutin. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power of truffle saponins reached 94.13%, 79.26%, and 42.22 mM, respectively. This study provides a useful strategy for fungal bioactive saponin production by liquid fermentation with the addition of flavonoid compounds.
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16
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Effect of Micronization on Panax notoginseng: In Vitro Dissolution and In Vivo Bioavailability Evaluations. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8831583. [PMID: 33531921 PMCID: PMC7837785 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8831583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (PN) has become the most widely used dietary supplement and herbal in Asian countries. The effect of micronization on PN is not entirely clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of particle size of Panax notoginseng powder (PNP) and the potential to improve the bioavailability. The results showed that particle size reduction significantly changed the Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) in vitro dissolution and in vivo pharmacokinetics. The size of the Panax notoginseng powder (PNP) ranges from 60 to 214 μm. The surface morphology and thermal properties of PNP were extensively characterized, and these changes in physicochemical properties of PNP provide a better understanding of the in vitro and in vivo release behaviors of PNS. The in vitro studies demonstrated that the dissolution of PNS and particle size were nonlinear (dose- and size-dependent). The pharmacokinetics parameters of PNP in rats were determined by UHPLC-MS/MS. Powder 4 (90.38 ± 8.28 μm) showed significantly higher AUC0-T values in plasma (P < 0.05). In addition, we also investigated the influence of the hydrothermal treatment of PNP. The results showed that the PNS in vitro release and in vivo bioavailability of PNP pretreatment at 40°C were the highest. This suggests that PNP with a particle size of around 90 μm and heat pretreatment at 40°C would be beneficial. These results provided an experimental basis, and it was beneficial to choose an appropriate particle size and hydrothermal temperature when PNP was used in clinical treatment.
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Cai T, Wu W, Guo L, Xia Y, Jiang X, Zhang L, Peng F, Ming P. Notoginsenoside R1 induces DNA damage via PHF6 protein to inhibit cervical carcinoma cell proliferation. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:242. [PMID: 33537816 PMCID: PMC7893804 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1), a monomer of Traditional Chinese medicine, is from the Panax notoginsenoside complex, and has been reported to inhibit the proliferation of various types of cancer. However the mechanism underlying NGR1-mediated inhibition of cervical carcinoma cell proliferation remains unclear. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the antitumor effects of NGR1 on cervical carcinoma cell lines (CaSki and HeLa cells) in vitro. The Cell Counting Kit-8 and soft agar cell colony formation assay results revealed that NGR1 suppressed the viability and the number colonies of CaSki and HeLa cells, respectively. Furthermore, the DAPI staining, flow cytometry and western blotting results revealed that NGR1 induced cervical carcinoma cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest in the S phase, upregulation of cyclin A2 and CDK2 expression levels, and downregulation of cyclin D1 expression levels. To further investigate the mechanisms of NGR1, DNA-damage-related proteins, including H2A.X variant histone (H2AX), ATR serine/threonine kinase (ATR) and p53, and the nucleolus protein, plant homeodomain finger protein 6 (PHF6) were analyzed. The results indicated that NGR1 triggered the phosphorylation of H2AX and ATR in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and downregulated the expression level of PHF6 and upregulated the expression level of p53 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In conclusion, the findings of the present indicated that NGR1 may inhibit the viability of cervical carcinoma cells and induce cell apoptosis via DNA damage, which may be activated by the downregulation of PHF6 expression levels, and the subsequent triggering of the phosphorylation of H2AX and ATR. In addition, NGR1 may exert an ability to arrest cervical carcinoma cells in the S phase and upregulate the expression levels of cyclin A2 and CDK2. Therefore, NGR1 may serve as a novel chemotherapeutic agent for cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Cai
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
| | - Wenquan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, P.R. China
| | - Longhua Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, P.R. China
| | - Yongwu Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxin Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, P.R. China
| | - Limei Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
| | - Feiding Peng
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
| | - Pinghong Ming
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, P.R. China
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18
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Panax Notoginseng Saponins Prevent Bone Loss by Promoting Angiogenesis in an Osteoporotic Mouse Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8412468. [PMID: 33415157 PMCID: PMC7752278 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8412468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
With the aging of the population and the extension of life expectancy, osteoporosis is becoming a global epidemic. Although there are several drugs used to treat osteoporosis in clinical practice, such as parathyroid hormone or bisphosphonates, they all have some serious side effects. Therefore, a safer drug is called for osteoporosis, especially for the prevention in the early stage of the disease, not only the treatment in the later stage. Panax notoginseng saponin (PNS), a traditional Chinese herb, has been used as anti-ischemic drug due to its function on improving vascular circulation. In order to verify whether Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) could be used to prevent osteoporosis, ovariectomy (OVX) was induced in female C57BL/C6J mice, followed by orally administration with 40 mg/kg/d, 80 mg/kg/d, and 160 mg/kg/d of three different dosages of PNS for 9 weeks. Serum biochemical analysis, micro-CT, histological evaluation, and immunostaining of markers of osteogenesis and angiogenesis were performed in the sham, osteoporotic (OVX), and treatment (OVX+PNS) groups. Micro-CT and histological evaluation showed that compared to sham group, the bone mass of OVX group reduced significantly, while it was significantly restored in the moderate-dose PNS (40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg) treatment groups. The expression of CD31 and osteocalcin (OCN) in the bone tissue of treatment group also increased, suggesting that PNS activated osteogenesis and angiogenesis, which subsequently increased the bone mass. These results confirmed the potential function of PNS on the prevention of osteoporosis. However, in the high dose of PNS (160 mg/kg) group, the antiosteoportic effect had been eliminated, which also suggested the importance of proper dose of PNS for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
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19
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Yang C, Zhao Y, Ren D, Yang X. Protective Effect of Saponins-Enriched Fraction of Gynostemma pentaphyllum against High Choline-Induced Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Hepatic Damage in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:463-473. [PMID: 32115504 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Choline as a quaternary amine nutrient is metabolized to trimethylamine by gut microbiota and subsequently oxidized to circulating trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a gut-derived metabolite associated with liver toxicity and cardiovascular disease. The study was to probe the possible vasoprotective and hepatoprotective effects of total saponins of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (TSGP) in 3% high-choline water-feeding mice. The purified TSGP was obtained with content of 83.0% saponins, and its antioxidant activities were evaluated in vitro. Furthermore, the mice fed with high choline for 8 weeks significantly expressed vascular endothelial dysfunction and liver oxidative stress (p < 0.01 vs. Normal). Administration of TSGP at 400 and 800 mg/kg·body weight (b.w.) significantly lowered the serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) levels, as well as hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, but effectively elevated the serum nitric oxide (NO), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) levels, as well as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), T-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in high choline-fed mice. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and oil red O staining also suggested that TSGP could exert the significant protection against endothelial dysfunction and liver injury in high choline-treated mice. These findings suggest that TSGP is of the saponins-enriched extract, and is a good candidate of dietary supplement and therapeutic application in vascular and hepatic oxidative injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Daoyuan Ren
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University
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20
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Shao M, Guo D, Lu W, Chen X, Ma L, Wu Y, Zhang X, Wang Q, Wang X, Li W, Wang Q, Wang W, Li C, Wang Y. Identification of the active compounds and drug targets of Chinese medicine in heart failure based on the PPARs-RXRα pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 257:112859. [PMID: 32294506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Danqi Pill (DQP), commonly known as a routinely prescribed traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is composed of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma and effective in treating heart failure (HF) clinically due to their multicompound and multitarget properties. However, the exact active compounds and corresponding targets of DQP are still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate active compounds and drug targets of DQP in heart failure based on the PPARs-RXRα pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Network pharmacology was used to predict the compound-target interactions of DQP. Left anterior descending (LAD)-induced HF mouse model and oxygen-glucose deprivation/recovery (OGD/R)-induced H9C2 model were constructed to screen the active compounds of DQP. RESULTS According to BATMAN-TCM (a bioinformatics analysis tool for molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine we previously developed), 24 compounds in DQP were significantly enriched in the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors-retinoid X receptor α (PPARs-RXRα) pathway. Among them, Ginsenoside Rb3 (G-Rb3) had the best pharmacodynamics against OGD/R-induced loss of cell viability, and it was selected to verify the compound-target interaction. In HF mice, G-Rb3 protected cardiac functions and activated the PPARs-RXRα pathway. In vitro, G-Rb3 protected against OGD/R-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, promoted the expressions of RXRα and sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), thereafter improved the intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level. Immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that G-Rb3 could activate RXRα, and facilitate RXRα shifting to the nucleus. HX531, the specific inhibitor of RXRα, could abolish the protective effects of G-Rb3 on RXRα translocation. Consistently, the effect was also confirmed on RXRα siRNA cardiomyocytes model. Moreover, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays identified that G-Rb3 bound directly to RXRα with the affinity of KD = 10 × 10-5 M. CONCLUSION By integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation, we identified that as the major active compound of DQP, G-Rb3 could ameliorate ROS-induced energetic metabolism dysfunction, maintain mitochondrial function and facilitate energy metabolism via directly targeting on RXRα. This study provides a promising strategy to dissect the effective patterns for TCM and finally promote the modernization of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Shao
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dongqing Guo
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenji Lu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lin Ma
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yan Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qiyan Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Weili Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Chun Li
- Modern Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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21
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Ran Y, Guo J, Cui H, Liu S. Notoginsenoside R1 attenuates sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity. Transl Neurosci 2020; 11:215-226. [PMID: 33335762 PMCID: PMC7711878 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sevoflurane, a volatile anesthetic, is known to induce widespread neuronal degeneration and apoptosis. Recently, the stress-inducible protein sestrin 2 and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) have been found to regulate the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppress oxidative stress. Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1), a saponin isolated from Panax notoginseng, has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects. The effects of NGR1 against neurotoxicity induced by sevoflurane were assessed. Methods Sprague-Dawley rat pups on postnatal day 7 (PD7) were exposed to sevoflurane (3%) anesthesia for 6 h. NGR1 at doses of 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg body weight was orally administered to pups from PD2 to PD7. Results Pretreatment with NGR1 attenuated sevoflurane-induced generation of ROS and reduced apoptotic cell counts. Western blotting revealed decreased cleaved caspase 3 and Bad and Bax pro-apoptotic protein expression. NGR1 substantially upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression along with increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 levels, suggesting Nrf2 signaling activation. Enhanced sestrin-2 and phosphorylated AMPK expression were noticed following NGR1 pretreatment. Conclusion This study revealed the neuroprotective effects of NGR1 through effective suppression of apoptosis and ROS via regulation of apoptotic proteins and activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and sestrin 2/AMPK signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Zhang
- Comprehensive Teaching and Research Office of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhao
- GLP Laboratory, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongwang Ran
- Department of Radiology, Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, 409099, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyou Guo
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Cui
- GLP Laboratory, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Liu
- Comprehensive Teaching and Research Office of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
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22
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Li Y, Li Z, Jia Y, Ding B, Yu J. In Vitro Anti-hepatoma Activities of Notoginsenoside R1 Through Downregulation of Tumor Promoter miR-21. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:1364-1375. [PMID: 31559550 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05856-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Notoginsenoside R1 (NG-R1) is the predominant active ingredient and a novel triterpene saponin compound extracted from the roots of Panax notoginseng. To date, to the best of our knowledge, there are no previous studies concerning the effect of NG-R1 on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). AIMS To investigate the effects of NG-R1 on HCC cell growth, apoptosis, and invasion and to explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were evaluated by cell counting kit-8 and LDH assay, respectively. Apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry analysis and caspase-3/7 activity assay. Cell invasion was detected by Transwell invasion assay and western blot analysis of matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. The effects of NG-R1 on miR-21 expression and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway were examined by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. RESULTS NG-R1 inhibited the viability, increased LDH release and caspase-3/7 activity, induced apoptosis, and suppressed invasion in HCC cells. NG-R1 reduced miR-21 expression in HCC cells. miR-21 overexpression significantly attenuated the effects of NG-R1 on the viability, LDH release, apoptosis, caspase-3/7 activity, and invasion of HCC cells. We further demonstrated that NG-R1 inhibited the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in HCC cells, which was abolished by miR-21 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS NG-R1 exerted anti-hepatoma activity through inactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway by downregulating miR-21, contributing to further understanding of the anti-tumor activities of NG-R1 in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanyang First People's Hospital, No. 12 Renmin Road, Nanyang, 473012, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanyang First People's Hospital, No. 12 Renmin Road, Nanyang, 473012, China
| | - Yunhao Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Nanyang First People's Hospital, No. 12 Renmin Road, Nanyang, 473012, China
| | - Bo Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Nanyang First People's Hospital, No. 12 Renmin Road, Nanyang, 473012, China
| | - Jinsong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanyang First People's Hospital, No. 12 Renmin Road, Nanyang, 473012, China.
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23
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Zhang J, Wei L, Yang J, Ahmed W, Wang Y, Fu L, Ji G. Probiotic Consortia: Reshaping the Rhizospheric Microbiome and Its Role in Suppressing Root-Rot Disease of Panax notoginseng. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:701. [PMID: 32425904 PMCID: PMC7203884 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Root-rot disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum is a growing problem in agriculture for commercial cultivation of Panax notoginseng. Diverse microbes colonize plant roots, and numerous earlier studies have characterized the rhizospheric microbiome of P. notoginseng; nevertheless, the function of probiotic consortia on the rhizospheric microbiome against the root-rot disease remain elusive. We have compared and described the rhizospheric microbiome of lightly and severely diseased P. notoginseng as well as the interactions of the probiotic consortia and rhizospheric microbiome, and their function to alleviate the plant diseases were explored by inoculating probiotic consortia in bulk soil. From the perspective of microbial diversity, the rhizospheric dominant bacterial and fungal genera were utterly different between lightly and severely diseased plants. Through inoculating assembled probiotic consortia to diseased plant roots, we found that the application of probiotic consortia reshaped the rhizosphere microbiome, increasing the relative abundance of bacteria and fungi, while the relative abundance of potential pathogens was decreased significantly. We developed a microcosm system that provides a preliminary ecological framework for constructing an active probiotic community to reshape soil microbiota and restrain the disease. Microbial community structure differs between lightly and seriously diseased plants. The application of probiotic consortia changes the imbalance of micro-ecology to a state of relative health, reducing plant mortality. Plant disease suppression may be achieved by seeking and applying antagonistic microbes based on their direct inhibitory capability or by restructuring the soil microbiome structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management Under the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Lanfang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management Under the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management Under the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Waqar Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management Under the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management Under the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Lina Fu
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management Under the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee of Fengdu County, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanghai Ji
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management Under the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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24
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Wang Q, Mu RF, Liu X, Zhou HM, Xu YH, Qin WY, Yang CR, Wang LB, Li HZ, Xiong WY. Steaming Changes the Composition of Saponins of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen That Function in Treatment of Hyperlipidemia and Obesity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4865-4875. [PMID: 32306731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Saponins of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen have been classified as a type of composition in functional foods for numerous diseases. However, its mild effects and other characteristics limited clinical applications in diseases. Inspired by "nine steaming and nine processing" of P. notoginseng in traditional Chinese medicine, we developed a "steaming"-mimic protocol, which significantly changed the composition of saponins of P. notoginseng from the original, R1, Rg1, Re, Rb1, and Rd (raw-PNS), to the products after steaming, 20S/R-Rh1, Rk3, Rh4, 20S/R-Rg3, Rk1, and Rg5 (N-PNS). Surprisingly, N-PNS demonstrated promising activities in improving hyperlipidemia and reducing body weight and weight of white adipose tissue and the inhibition of adipogenesis in obese mice. In accordance with the results in vivo, N-PNS remarkably blunted adipogenesis at the early stage of differentiation dose-dependently in vitro. Moreover, we demonstrated that the activity may involve the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway by promoting phosphorylation of AMPKT172 and downregulating its downstream factors: sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, and fatty acid synthase. Taken together, the steaming-induced eight compositions of saponins showed a very promising function in improving hyperlipidemia and obesity both in vivo and in vitro, providing fundamental evidence for future study and application in treatment of hyperlipidemia, obesity, and other lipid-related metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Fang Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Liu
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Ying Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong-Ren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Bin Wang
- Biochip Research Center, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Zhou Li
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- Biochip Research Center, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, People's Republic of China
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25
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Zeng Y, He X, Jiang W, Kou J, Yu B. Ten Representative Saponins on Tissue Factor Expression in Human Monocytes: Structure–Activity Relationships and Molecular Docking. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20913684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Saponins have significant bioactivities in treating cardiovascular disease. Whereas there is a lack of in-depth knowledge about how saponins prevent cardiovascular disease. Tissue factor (TF) is the major initiator of the coagulation cascade and plays an important role in hemostasis and thrombosis. However structure–activity relationships (SARs) of saponins inhibiting TF activity have not been discussed in detail at present. To further clarify the relationships between saponins and TF, in this study, 10 representative saponins were selected to study the inhibitory effect on TF procoagulant activity of monocytes by an improved chromogenic substrate method, and the possible SARs were preliminarily analyzed. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis suggested that 4 representative saponins had a good affinity with TF/FVIIa. In addition, a representative saponin, ruscogenin, decreased both messenger ribonucleic acid and protein levels of TF in human monocytes partly due to its downregulation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathways. In conclusion, this study provides further explanation for the cardiovascular protection of saponins, and the analysis of SARs between inhibiting TF activity and saponins will be helpful to explore the therapeutic TF inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjiang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Xuhua He
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Junping Kou
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Boyang Yu
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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26
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Zhang J, Wei L, Yang J, Ahmed W, Wang Y, Fu L, Ji G. Probiotic Consortia: Reshaping the Rhizospheric Microbiome and Its Role in Suppressing Root-Rot Disease of Panax notoginseng. Front Microbiol 2020. [PMID: 32425904 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.0701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Root-rot disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum is a growing problem in agriculture for commercial cultivation of Panax notoginseng. Diverse microbes colonize plant roots, and numerous earlier studies have characterized the rhizospheric microbiome of P. notoginseng; nevertheless, the function of probiotic consortia on the rhizospheric microbiome against the root-rot disease remain elusive. We have compared and described the rhizospheric microbiome of lightly and severely diseased P. notoginseng as well as the interactions of the probiotic consortia and rhizospheric microbiome, and their function to alleviate the plant diseases were explored by inoculating probiotic consortia in bulk soil. From the perspective of microbial diversity, the rhizospheric dominant bacterial and fungal genera were utterly different between lightly and severely diseased plants. Through inoculating assembled probiotic consortia to diseased plant roots, we found that the application of probiotic consortia reshaped the rhizosphere microbiome, increasing the relative abundance of bacteria and fungi, while the relative abundance of potential pathogens was decreased significantly. We developed a microcosm system that provides a preliminary ecological framework for constructing an active probiotic community to reshape soil microbiota and restrain the disease. Microbial community structure differs between lightly and seriously diseased plants. The application of probiotic consortia changes the imbalance of micro-ecology to a state of relative health, reducing plant mortality. Plant disease suppression may be achieved by seeking and applying antagonistic microbes based on their direct inhibitory capability or by restructuring the soil microbiome structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management Under the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Lanfang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management Under the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management Under the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Waqar Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management Under the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management Under the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Lina Fu
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management Under the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee of Fengdu County, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanghai Ji
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management Under the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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27
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Aiello P, Sharghi M, Mansourkhani SM, Ardekan AP, Jouybari L, Daraei N, Peiro K, Mohamadian S, Rezaei M, Heidari M, Peluso I, Ghorat F, Bishayee A, Kooti W. Medicinal Plants in the Prevention and Treatment of Colon Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2075614. [PMID: 32377288 PMCID: PMC7187726 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2075614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The standard treatment for cancer is generally based on using cytotoxic drugs, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. However, the use of traditional treatments has received attention in recent years. The aim of the present work was to provide an overview of medicinal plants effective on colon cancer with special emphasis on bioactive components and underlying mechanisms of action. Various literature databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus, were used and English language articles were considered. Based on literature search, 172 experimental studies and 71 clinical cases on 190 plants were included. The results indicate that grape, soybean, green tea, garlic, olive, and pomegranate are the most effective plants against colon cancer. In these studies, fruits, seeds, leaves, and plant roots were used for in vitro and in vivo models. Various anticolon cancer mechanisms of these medicinal plants include induction of superoxide dismutase, reduction of DNA oxidation, induction of apoptosis by inducing a cell cycle arrest in S phase, reducing the expression of PI3K, P-Akt protein, and MMP as well; reduction of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins, and decrease of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin A, cyclin D1, cyclin B1 and cyclin E. Plant compounds also increase both the expression of the cell cycle inhibitors p53, p21, and p27, and the BAD, Bax, caspase 3, caspase 7, caspase 8, and caspase 9 proteins levels. In fact, purification of herbal compounds and demonstration of their efficacy in appropriate in vivo models, as well as clinical studies, may lead to alternative and effective ways of controlling and treating colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Aiello
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maedeh Sharghi
- Nursing and Midwifery School, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Azam Pourabbasi Ardekan
- Lung Diseases and Allergy Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Leila Jouybari
- Nursing Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Nahid Daraei
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Peiro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sima Mohamadian
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Rezaei
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Heidari
- Lung Diseases and Allergy Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Fereshteh Ghorat
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Boulevard, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Wesam Kooti
- Lung Diseases and Allergy Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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28
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Li W, Zhang X, Ding M, Xin Y, Xuan Y, Zhao Y. Genotoxicity and subchronic toxicological study of a novel ginsenoside derivative 25-OCH 3-PPD in beagle dogs. J Ginseng Res 2019; 43:562-571. [PMID: 31700258 PMCID: PMC6823799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ginsenosides have been widely used clinically for many years and were regarded as very safe. However, a few researches on the toxicities of these kinds of agents showed that some ginsenosides may have side-effect on the rats or dogs. So it is extremely necessary to further clarify the potential toxicity of ginsenosides. This study was carried out to investigate long-term toxicity and genotoxicity of 25-methoxydammarane-3, 12, 20-triol (25-OCH3-PPD), a new derivative of ginsenoside, in beagle dogs. Methods Twenty-four beagle dogs were divided randomly into four treatment groups and repeatedly orally administered with 25-OCH3-PPD capsule at 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg/day for 91 consecutive days. Ames, micronucleus, and chromosomal aberration tests were established to analyze the possible genotoxicity of 25-OCH3-PPD. Results There was no 25-OCH3-PPD–induced systemic toxicity in beagle dogs at any doses. The level of 25-OCH3-PPD at which no adverse effects were observed was found to be 240 mg/kg/day. The result of Ames test showed that there was no significant increase in the number of revertant colonies of 25-OCH3-PPD administrated groups compared to the vehicle control group. There were also no significant differences between 25-OCH3-PPD administrated groups at all dose levels and negative group in the micronucleus test and chromosomal aberration assay. Conclusion The highest dose level of 25-OCH3-PPD at which no adverse effects were observed was found to be 240 mg/kg per day, and it is not a genotoxic agent either in somatic cells or germs cells. 25-OCH3-PPD is an extremely safe candidate compound for antitumor treatment.
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Key Words
- 25-OCH3-PPD, 25-methoxydammarane-3, 12, 20-triol
- Beagle dog
- Erythrocyte count, RBC
- Ginsenoside
- SPSS, statistical package for social sciences
- Subchronic toxicity
- alanine aminotransferase, ALT
- albumin, ALB
- alkaline phosphatase, ALP
- aspartate aminotransferase, AST
- basophils, BASO
- chloride, Cl
- creatine phosphokinase, CK
- creatinine, Crea
- eosinophils, EOS
- gamma-glutamyl transferase, γ-GT
- glucose, GLU
- hematocrit, HCT
- hemoglobin concentration distribution width, HDW
- hemoglobin concentration, HGB
- lymphocytes, LYMPH
- mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, MCHC
- mean corpuscular hemoglobin, MCH
- mean corpuscular volume, MCV
- mean platelet volume, MPV
- micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, MNPCE
- monocytes, MONO
- neutrophil cell, NEUT
- normochromatic erythrocytes, NCE
- platelets, PLT
- polychromatic erythrocytes, PCE
- potassium, K
- prothrombin time, PT
- red cell distribution width, RDW%
- reticulocyte count, RETIC
- sodium, Na
- total bilirubin, T.BIL
- total calcium, TCa
- total cholesterol, T.CHO
- total protein, T.P
- total triglyceride, TG
- urea nitrogen, BUN
- white blood cells count, WBC
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- Department of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Meng Ding
- Department of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanfei Xin
- Center of Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaoxian Xuan
- Center of Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- Department of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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29
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Luo H, Vong CT, Chen H, Gao Y, Lyu P, Qiu L, Zhao M, Liu Q, Cheng Z, Zou J, Yao P, Gao C, Wei J, Ung COL, Wang S, Zhong Z, Wang Y. Naturally occurring anti-cancer compounds: shining from Chinese herbal medicine. Chin Med 2019; 14:48. [PMID: 31719837 PMCID: PMC6836491 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous natural products originated from Chinese herbal medicine exhibit anti-cancer activities, including anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic effects, as well as regulate autophagy, reverse multidrug resistance, balance immunity, and enhance chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. To provide new insights into the critical path ahead, we systemically reviewed the most recent advances (reported since 2011) on the key compounds with anti-cancer effects derived from Chinese herbal medicine (curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, berberine, artemisinin, ginsenoside Rg3, ursolic acid, silibinin, emodin, triptolide, cucurbitacin B, tanshinone I, oridonin, shikonin, gambogic acid, artesunate, wogonin, β-elemene, and cepharanthine) in scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and Clinical Trials). With a broader perspective, we focused on their recently discovered and/or investigated pharmacological effects, novel mechanism of action, relevant clinical studies, and their innovative applications in combined therapy and immunomodulation. In addition, the present review has extended to describe other promising compounds including dihydroartemisinin, ginsenoside Rh2, compound K, cucurbitacins D, E, I, tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone in view of their potentials in cancer therapy. Up to now, the evidence about the immunomodulatory effects and clinical trials of natural anti-cancer compounds from Chinese herbal medicine is very limited, and further research is needed to monitor their immunoregulatory effects and explore their mechanisms of action as modulators of immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Luo
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Hanbin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Peng Lyu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zehua Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Peifen Yao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Caifang Gao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jinchao Wei
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Carolina Oi Lam Ung
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Ginsenoside Rb3 regulates energy metabolism and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes via activating PPARα pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109487. [PMID: 31577975 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) leads to an increase in morbidity and mortality globally. Disorders of energy metabolism and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes are critically involved in the progression of HF. Ginsenoside Rb3 (G-Rb3) is a natural product derived from ginseng that has cardio-protective effect. The pharmacological mechanism of G-Rb3 in the treatment of HF remains to be clarified. In this study, we aimed to explore the regulative effects of G-Rb3 on fatty acids oxidation and apoptosis by in vivo and in vitro studies. Myocardial infarction (MI)-induced HF mice model and a cellular H9C2 injury model was induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) stimulation. The results showed that G-Rb3 could protect heart functions in MI-induced HF model. G-Rb3 treatment up-regulated expressions of key enzymes involved in β-oxidation of fatty acids, including carnitine palmitoyltransterase-1α (CPT-1α), acyl-CoA dehydrogenase long chain (ACADL) and the major mitochondrial deacetylase enzyme sirtuin 3 (SIRT3). The upstream transcriptional regulator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), was also up-regulated by G-Rb3 treatment. In vitro study demonstrated that G-Rb3 could protect mitochondrial membrane integrity and exert anti-apoptotic effects, in addition to regulating fatty acids oxidation. Impressively, after cells were co-treated with PPARα inhibitor, the regulative effects of G-Rb3 on energy metabolism and apoptosis were abrogated. Our study suggests that G-Rb3 is a promising agent and PPARα is potential target in the management of HF.
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Effects of Xuesaitong on the Pharmacokinetics of Losartan: An In Vivo UPLC-MS/MS Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:8373476. [PMID: 31511782 PMCID: PMC6710810 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8373476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether Xuesaitong, a multiherbal formulation for coronary heart disease, alters the pharmacokinetics of losartan. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats randomly received losartan (10 mg/kg) or losartan plus Xuesaitong (10 mg/kg) through an oral gavage (n = 6). Multiple blood samples were obtained for up to 36 h to determine the concentrations of losartan and its active metabolite, EXP3174, through ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Pharmacokinetics were estimated using a noncompartmental model. The half-life (t1/2) of losartan was decreased by Xuesaitong (4.26 ± 1.51 vs. 6.35 ± 2.10 h; P < 0.05). The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) of losartan was also decreased by the combination of losartan and Xuesaitong (4.41 ± 1.61 vs. 7.20 ± 2.41 mL; P < 0.05). The time to maximum concentration (Tmax) of losartan was increased by Xuesaitong (1.06 ± 1.04 vs. 0.13 ± 0.05 h; P < 0.05). Xuesaitong also decreased the t1/2 of EXP3174 (8.22 ± 1.41 vs. 6.29 ± 1.38 h; P < 0.05). These results suggest that there is a complex interaction between losartan and Xuesaitong. In addition to enhanced elimination of losartan and EXP3174, Xuesaitong may also decrease the absorption rate and Vd of losartan.
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Flores-Cortez I, Winkler R, Ramírez-Ordorica A, Elizarraraz-Anaya MIC, Carrillo-Rayas MT, Valencia-Cantero E, Macías-Rodríguez L. A Mass Spectrometry-Based Study Shows that Volatiles Emitted by Arthrobacter agilis UMCV2 Increase the Content of Brassinosteroids in Medicago truncatula in Response to Iron Deficiency Stress. Molecules 2019; 24:E3011. [PMID: 31434211 PMCID: PMC6719008 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24163011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential plant micronutrient. It is a component of numerous proteins and participates in cell redox reactions; iron deficiency results in a reduction in nutritional quality and crop yields. Volatiles from the rhizobacterium Arthrobacter agilis UMCV2 induce iron acquisition mechanisms in plants. However, it is not known whether microbial volatiles modulate other metabolic plant stress responses to reduce the negative effect of iron deficiency. Mass spectrometry has great potential to analyze metabolite alterations in plants exposed to biotic and abiotic factors. Direct liquid introduction-electrospray-mass spectrometry was used to study the metabolite profile in Medicago truncatula due to iron deficiency, and in response to microbial volatiles. The putatively identified compounds belonged to different classes, including pigments, terpenes, flavonoids, and brassinosteroids, which have been associated with defense responses against abiotic stress. Notably, the levels of these compounds increased in the presence of the rhizobacterium. In particular, the analysis of brassinolide by gas chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry showed that the phytohormone increased ten times in plants grown under iron-deficient growth conditions and exposed to microbial volatiles. In this mass spectrometry-based study, we provide new evidence on the role of A. agilis UMCV2 in the modulation of certain compounds involved in stress tolerance in M. truncatula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idolina Flores-Cortez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Edifico B3, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Robert Winkler
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, Guanajuato 36824, Mexico
| | - Arturo Ramírez-Ordorica
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Edifico B3, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Ma Isabel Cristina Elizarraraz-Anaya
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, Guanajuato 36824, Mexico
| | - María Teresa Carrillo-Rayas
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, Guanajuato 36824, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Valencia-Cantero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Edifico B3, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Macías-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Edifico B3, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico.
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Shang JH, Xu GW, Zhu HT, Wang D, Yang CR, Zhang YJ. Anti-inflammatory and Cytotoxic Triterpenes from the Rot Roots of Panax notoginseng. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2019; 9:287-295. [PMID: 31124011 PMCID: PMC6646631 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-019-0211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Four new protopanaxatriol-type triterpenes (1-2) and glucosides (3-4), were isolated from the rot roots of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) Chen, along with four known ones (5-8). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis (HRESIMS, NMR, UV, IR, and OR) and acidic hydrolysis. The possible transformation pathway of these compounds were also speculated from ginsenoside Rg1. Compound 1, with a unique α,β-unsaturated ketene in its side chain, showed significant inhibitory effects against NO production on Murine macrophage cells (IC50 = 4.12 ± 0.20 μM) and comparable cytotoxicities against five human cancer cell lines (myeloid leukemia HL-60, lung cancer A-549 cells, hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC7721, breast cancer MCF-7, and colon cancer SW480) to positive control, cisplatin (DDP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Huan Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong-Ren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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Li W, Wu Y, Wan M, Chu Y, Wang X, Li S, Liu Z, Chen X, Polachi N, Zhou S, Sun H. Simultaneous determination of three saponins in human plasma after oral administration of compound danshen dripping pills by LC-MS/MS and its application in a pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 169:254-259. [PMID: 30878903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As one of the main constituents of Compound Danshen Dripping Pills (CDDP), Panax notoginseng (PN) plays a pivotal role in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Numerous researches have proved that the dammarane type saponins including notoginsenoside R1 (NR1), ginsenoside Rg1 (GRg1) and ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) are the main bioactive components of PN in CDDP. An efficient, realiable and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis method for simultaneously detecting NR1, GRg1 and GRb1 in human plasma was established and applied to the pharmacokinetics study of the three PN saponins after oral administration of CDDP. The human plasma samples were processed using acetonitrile and the target materials were separated on an Eclipse plus C18 column (100 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) with a gradient mobile phase consisted of water (containing 0.1% formic acid) and methanol. Within the concentration ranges of 0.25-50 ng/mL, each calibration curve exhibited an excellent linear relationship (r>0.998). The precision deviations of intra-day and inter-day analysis were lower than 9.0%, and accuracy error (RE%) ranged between 1.5% and 10.5%. The average recoveries of analytes were >64.0%. The established method was successfully applied to determine the pharmacokinetics of the three saponins in human plasma. In addition to providing guidance for clinical safe medication, the experimental results also provided a valuable and reliable basis for further pharmacological studies of PN in the human body after oral administration of CDDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Yi Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Mali Wan
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Yang Chu
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovation Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China.
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Shuming Li
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Zuhui Liu
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Xue Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | | | - Shuiping Zhou
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovation Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - He Sun
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovation Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; Tasly Pharmaceuticals Inc, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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Chang CM, Shih PH, Chen TJ, Ho WC, Yang CP. Integrated therapy decreases the mortality of patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis: A Taiwan-wide population-based retrospective study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 236:70-81. [PMID: 30818007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The issue of whether integrated treatment with conventional medicine (CM) and herbal medicine (HM) can reduce mortality in patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM) had not been addressed. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we investigated the effect of integrated therapy on mortality in a retrospective PM/DM cohort in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with PM/DM were retrospectively enrolled from the PM/DM Registry of Catastrophic Illnesses cohort in the Taiwan NHIRD between 1997 and 2011. The patients were divided into an integrated medicine (IM) group that received CM and HM and a non-IM group that received CM alone. The Cox proportional hazards regression model and Kaplan-Meier method were used to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) for mortality. RESULTS Three hundred and eighty-five of 2595 patients with newly diagnosed PM/DM had received IM and 99 had received non-IM. The adjusted HR for mortality was lower in the IM group than in the non-IM group (0.42, 95% confidence interval 0.26-0.68, p < 0.001). The adjusted HR for mortality was also lower in the IM group that had received CM plus HM than in the group that received CM alone (0.48, 95% confidence interval 0.28-0.84, p < 0.05). The core pattern of HM prescriptions integrated with methylprednisolone, methotrexate, azathioprine, or cyclophosphamide to decrease mortality included "San-Qi" (Panax notoginseng), "Bai-Ji" (Bletilla striata), "Chen-Pi" (Citrus reticulata), "Hou-Po" (Magnolia officinalis), and "Dan-Shan" (Salvia miltiorrhiza). CONCLUSION Integrated therapy has reduced mortality in patients with PM/DM in Taiwan. Further investigation of the clinical effects and pharmaceutical mechanism involved is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Mao Chang
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Hsuan Shih
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tzeng-Ji Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chao Ho
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Pai Yang
- Department of Neurology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Huang-Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Xu C, Wang W, Wang B, Zhang T, Cui X, Pu Y, Li N. Analytical methods and biological activities of Panax notoginseng saponins: Recent trends. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 236:443-465. [PMID: 30802611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen, also called Sanqi, is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, which has long history used as herbal medicines. It is currently an important medicinal material in China, holding the first place in the sale volume of the whole patent medicines market in China, and the market size of the single species has exceeded 10 billion yuan. In addition, P. notoginseng is an important constituent part of many famous Chinese patent medicines, such as Compound Danshen Dripping Pills and Yunnan Baiyao. P. notoginseng saponins (PNSs), which are the major active components of P. notoginseng, are a kind of chemical mixture containing different dammarane-type saponins. Many studies show that PNSs have been extensively used in medical research or applications, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, acute lung injury, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, various PNS preparations, such as injections and capsules, have been made commercially available and are widely applied in clinical practice. AIM OF THE REVIEW Since the safety and efficacy of compounds are related to their qualitative and quantitative analyses, this review briefly summarizes the analytic approaches for PNSs and their biological effects developed in the last decade. METHODOLOGY This review conducted a systematic search in electronic databases, such as Pubmed, Google Scholar, SciFinder, ISI Web of Science, and CNKI, since 2009. The information provided in this review is based on peer-reviewed papers and patents in either English or Chinese. RESULTS At present, the chromatographic technique remains the most extensively used approach for the identification or quantitation of PNSs, coupled with different detectors, among which the difference mainly lies in their sensitivity and specificity for analyzing various compounds. It is well-known that PNSs have traditionally strong activity on cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, intracerebral hemorrhage, or brain injury. The recent studies showed that PNSs also responded to osteoporosis, cancers, diabetes, and drug toxicity. However, some other studies also showed that some PNSs injections and special PNS components might lead to some biological toxicity under certain dosages. CONCLUSION This review may be used as a basis for further research in the field of quantitative and qualitative analyses, and is expected to provide updated and valuable insights into the potential medicinal applications of PNSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Xu
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yiqiong Pu
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Ning Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Research Institute of KPC Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Kunming 650100, China.
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Wang L, Xu J, Yan Y, Liu H, Li F. Synthesis of gold nanoparticles from leaf Panax notoginseng and its anticancer activity in pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cell lines. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:1216-1223. [PMID: 30942628 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1593852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ye Yan
- Department of Ultrasound and Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Sun WJ, Zhu HT, Zhang TY, Zhang MY, Wang D, Yang CR, Zhang YX, Zhang YJ. Two New Alkaloids from Fusarium tricinctum SYPF 7082, an Endophyte from the Root of Panax notoginseng. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2018; 8:391-396. [PMID: 29915912 PMCID: PMC6109442 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-018-0171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (Araliaceae) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine mainly cultivated in Yunnan and Guangxi provinces of China. Two new alkaloids, rigidiusculamide E (1) and [-(α-oxyisohexanoyl-N-methyl-leucyl)2-] (2), together with two known ones, (-)-oxysporidinone (3) and (-)-4,6'-anhydrooxysporidinone (4) were isolated from the mycelia culture of Fusarium tricinctum SYPF 7082, an endophytic fungus obtained from the healthy root of P. notoginseng. Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 1-4 were tested for their inhibitory effects against NO production on Murine macrophage cell line, and the new compound 2 showed significant inhibitory activity on NO production with the IC50 value of 18.10 ± 0.16 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Yuan Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yue Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong-Ren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China.
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Sun Z, Tan X, Ye H, Zou C, Ye C, Wang A. Effects of dietary Panax notoginseng extract on growth performance, fish composition, immune responses, intestinal histology and immune related genes expression of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀) fed high lipid diets. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 73:234-244. [PMID: 29127028 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Growth, plasma biochemical parameters, fish composition, immune parameters, intestinal histology, and expressions of immune-related genes were examined in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀) that fed respectively six diets containing Panax notoginseng extract (PNE) at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 10 g kg-1 after 8 weeks. Results indicated that dietary PNE significantly improved growth, feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and protein deposit rate, and significantly increased crude protein and crude lipid levels of whole body and crude protein level of muscle. Dietary PNE significantly increased plasma total protein, alkaline phosphatase, immunoglobulin, complement 3 and complement 4 contents, but significantly decreased cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol contents. Furthermore, dietary PNE increased villus length and muscle thickness in foregut, midgut, and hindgut, activities of hepatic superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity, and increased the expression levels of immune related genes (IL-10, TGF-β1, TOR, MHC2 and TLR3) in the head kidney and the expression levels of antioxidant genes (CAT and GR) in fish that fed PNE at 0.5-4 g kg-1. In conclusion, grouper fed high lipid diets supplemented with PNE at 0.5-10 g kg-1 improved growth, feed utilization, blood immune parameters, hepatic antioxidant status, intestine morphology and expression levels of immune related genes in the head kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhu Sun
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Tan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Huaqun Ye
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Cuiyun Zou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Chaoxia Ye
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
| | - Anli Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
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Medeiros AFD, Costa IDS, Carvalho FMCD, Kiyota S, Souza BBPD, Sifuentes DN, Serquiz RP, Maciel BLL, Uchôa AF, Santos EAD, Morais AHDA. Biochemical characterisation of a Kunitz-type inhibitor from Tamarindus indica L. seeds and its efficacy in reducing plasma leptin in an experimental model of obesity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:334-348. [PMID: 29322840 PMCID: PMC6010142 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1419220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A trypsin inhibitor isolated from tamarind seed (TTI) has satietogenic effects in animals, increasing the cholecystokinin (CCK) in eutrophy and reducing leptin in obesity. We purified TTI (pTTI), characterised, and observed its effect upon CCK and leptin in obese Wistar rats. By HPLC, and after amplification of resolution, two protein fractions were observed: Fr1 and Fr2, with average mass of [M + 14H]+ = 19,594,690 Da and [M + 13H]+ = 19,578,266 Da, respectively. The protein fractions showed 54 and 53 amino acid residues with the same sequence. pTTI presented resistance to temperature and pH variations; IC50 was 2.7 × 10−10 mol.L−1 and Ki was 2.9 × 10−11 mol.L−1. The 2-DE revealed spots with isoelectric points between pH 5 and 6, and one near pH 8. pTTI action on leptin decrease was confirmed. We conclude that pTTI is a Kunitz trypsin inhibitor with possible biotechnological health-related application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Fernandes de Medeiros
- a Postgraduate Biochemistry Program, Biosciences Center , Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte , Natal , Brazil
| | - Izael de Sousa Costa
- a Postgraduate Biochemistry Program, Biosciences Center , Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte , Natal , Brazil
| | | | - Sumika Kiyota
- b Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Biochemistry , CPDSA, Biological Institute , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Beatriz Blenda Pinheiro de Souza
- c Postgraduate Biological Molecular, Institute of Biological Sciences , University of Brasília , Distrito Federal , Brasília , Brazil.,d Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology , Embrapa , Distrito Federal , Brasília , Brazil
| | | | - Raphael Paschoal Serquiz
- a Postgraduate Biochemistry Program, Biosciences Center , Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte , Natal , Brazil
| | - Bruna Leal Lima Maciel
- e Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Center for Health Sciences , Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte , Natal , Brazil.,f Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences , Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte , Natal , Brazil
| | - Adriana Ferreira Uchôa
- a Postgraduate Biochemistry Program, Biosciences Center , Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte , Natal , Brazil.,g Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center , Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte , Natal , Brazil
| | - Elizeu Antunes Dos Santos
- a Postgraduate Biochemistry Program, Biosciences Center , Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte , Natal , Brazil.,h Department of Biochemistry, Biosciences Center , Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte , Natal , Brazil
| | - Ana Heloneida de Araújo Morais
- a Postgraduate Biochemistry Program, Biosciences Center , Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte , Natal , Brazil.,e Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Center for Health Sciences , Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte , Natal , Brazil.,f Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences , Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte , Natal , Brazil
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Zhao H, Han Z, Li G, Zhang S, Luo Y. Therapeutic Potential and Cellular Mechanisms of Panax Notoginseng on Prevention of Aging and Cell Senescence-Associated Diseases. Aging Dis 2017; 8:721-739. [PMID: 29344413 PMCID: PMC5758348 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to a dramatic increase in average life expectancy, most countries in the world are rapidly entering an aging society. Therefore, extending health span with pharmacological agents targeting aging-related pathological changes, are now in the spotlight of gerosciences. Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen, a species of the genus Panax, has been called the "Miracle Root for the Preservation of Life," and has long been used as a Chinese herb with magical medicinal value. Panax notoginseng has been extensively employed in China to treat microcirculatory disturbances, inflammation, trauma, internal and external bleeding due to injury, and as a tonic. In recent years, with the deepening of the research pharmacologically, many new functions have been discovered. This review will introduce its pharmacological function on lifespan extension, anti-vascular aging, anti-brain aging, and anti-cancer properties, aiming to lay the ground for fully elucidating the potential mechanisms of Panax notoginseng's anti-aging effect to promote its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Zhao
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziping Han
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangwen Li
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sijia Zhang
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
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Choi JG, Jin YH, Lee H, Oh TW, Yim NH, Cho WK, Ma JY. Protective Effect of Panax notoginseng Root Water Extract against Influenza A Virus Infection by Enhancing Antiviral Interferon-Mediated Immune Responses and Natural Killer Cell Activity. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1542. [PMID: 29181006 PMCID: PMC5693858 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by the influenza A virus, which causes economic losses and social disruption mainly by increasing hospitalization and mortality rates among the elderly and people with chronic diseases. Influenza vaccines are the most effective means of preventing seasonal influenza, but can be completely ineffective if there is an antigenic mismatch between the seasonal vaccine virus and the virus circulating in the community. In addition, influenza viruses resistant to antiviral drugs are emerging worldwide. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new vaccines and antiviral drugs against these viruses. In this study, we conducted in vitro and in vivo analyses of the antiviral effect of Panax notoginseng root (PNR), which is used as an herbal medicine and nutritional supplement in Korea and China. We confirmed that PNR significantly prevented influenza virus infection in a concentration-dependent manner in mouse macrophages. In addition, PNR pretreatment inhibited viral protein (PB1, PB2, HA, NA, M1, PA, M2, and NP) and viral mRNA (NS1, HA, PB2, PA, NP, M1, and M2) expression. PNR pretreatment also increased the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6] and interferon (IFN)-beta and the phosphorylation of type-I IFN-related proteins (TANK-binding kinase 1, STAT1, and IRF3) in vitro. In mice exposed to the influenza A H1N1 virus, PNR treatment decreased mortality by 90% and prevented weight loss (by approximately 10%) compared with the findings in untreated animals. In addition, splenocytes from PNR-administered mice displayed significantly enhanced natural killer (NK) cell activity against YAC-1 cells. Taking these findings together, PNR stimulates an antiviral response in murine macrophages and mice that protects against viral infection, which may be attributable to its ability to stimulate NK cell activity. Further investigations are needed to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of PNR and its components against influenza virus A infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Gi Choi
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young-Hee Jin
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Heeeun Lee
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tae Woo Oh
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Nam-Hui Yim
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, South Korea
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Wang N, Wang L, Qi L, Lu X. Construct a gene-to-metabolite network to screen the key genes of triterpene saponin biosynthetic pathway in Panax notoginseng. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2017; 65:119-127. [PMID: 28779486 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Triterpene saponins are main active constituents of Panax notoginseng. Metabolites profiling of 12 triterpene saponins was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in leaf, petiole, and root extracts of P. notoginseng. Most of the 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (PPT) type saponins, except ginsenoside Re, were mainly distributed in roots, while 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD) type saponins were detected among various tissues. The total content of PPD-type saponins decreased in the order of leaf, petiole, and root. The expression patterns of four key genes (PnFPS, PnSQS, PnDS, and PnSE) in the triterpene saponin biosynthetic pathway were measured by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). All the four investigated genes showed high expression levels in leaf. A gene-to-metabolite network was constructed through canonical correlation analysis. The results indicated that the expression levels of PnFPS, PnSQS, PnDS, and PnSE had high correlation with PPD-type saponins ginsenoside Rb2 , Rb3 , and Rc, while PnSQS was also highly correlated with Rb1 . Combining metabolic profiling, RT-qPCR, and gene-to-metabolite network, we inferred that the leaf of P. notoginseng was the main biosynthesis site of PPD-type saponins Rb2 , Rb3 , and Rc. The contribution to the biosynthesis of ginsenosides Rb2 , Rb3 , and Rc was in the order of PnSE > PnDS > PnSQS > PnFPS. PnSE and PnDS should be the preferred targets to regulate the production of PPD-type saponins Rb2 , Rb3 , and Rc in P. notoginseng by plant metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianwen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
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Enhancement of triterpenoid saponins biosynthesis in Panax notoginseng cells by co-overexpressions of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase and squalene synthase genes. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Zhou X, Chen LL, Xie RF, Lam W, Zhang ZJ, Jiang ZL, Cheng YC. Chemosynthesis pathway and bioactivities comparison of saponins in radix and flower of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 201:56-72. [PMID: 27838357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen is a well known medicinal plant. Its radix is used in the history while its flower is recently used for health care. In this study we compared chemical ingredients and bioactivities in cell culture for radix and flower of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen. MATERIALS AND METHODS The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry system was applied to determine the contents of saponins in flower and radix of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen. Transcription specific luciferase reporter assay and qPCR method for selected RNA were carried out to assess the impacts of flower and radix extract on the transcription signal pathways. RESULTS The results of chemical analysis showed that the contents of saponins in flower and radix are very different: the contents of Rg1, Rb1, Re, R1, Rg3-20R, Rh1 and Rf in radix are abundant; in contrast, the contents of Rb3, Fc, Ft1, Rb2 and Rh2-20s in flowers are plentiful. There are substantial variations of those saponin contents from one batch vs another. Based on relative content of saponins, the chemosynthesis pathway of ingredients in radix and flower are proposed: for radix, both PPT (Protopanaxatriol) and PPD (Protopanaxadiol) type triterpenoids are involved, the main pathway is PPT→Rb1→Rg1→R1 or PPD→Rh2 20s→Rg3(20s)→Rd→Rb1; for flowers, only PPD is main passage with PPD→Rh2 (20s)→Rg3(20s)→Rd→Rb2→Fc. The results of signal transcription assays demonstrated that herb water extract of radix and flower had no significant influences on most of transcription activities. However, total saponins of radix and flower which have highly content of saponins were able to inhibit the inflammatory related transcriptional activities and their related mRNA expression of IFNα, TNFα, il-6 and TGFβ as well as induce anti-oxygen NrF2 activities. In summary, although chemical ingredients and chemosynthesis pathway of flower and radix for Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen were different, these differences might not result in their differences of pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Lin-Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; HuBei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Rui Fang Xie
- Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wing Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Zi-Jia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zao-Li Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yung-Chi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Yang Y, Ge F, Sun Y, Liu D, Chen C. Strengthening Triterpene Saponins Biosynthesis by Over-Expression of Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase Gene and RNA Interference of Cycloartenol Synthase Gene in Panax notoginseng Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040581. [PMID: 28379198 PMCID: PMC6153935 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To conform to the multiple regulations of triterpene biosynthesis, the gene encoding farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPS) was transformed into Panax notoginseng (P. notoginseng) cells in which RNA interference (RNAi) of the cycloartenol synthase (CAS) gene had been accomplished. Transgenic cell lines showed both higher expression levels of FPS and lower expression levels of CAS compared to the wild-type (WT) cells. In the triterpene and phytosterol analysis, transgenic cell lines provided a higher accumulation of total triterpene saponins, and a lower amount of phytosterols in comparison with the WT cells. Compared with the cells in which RNAi of the CAS gene was achieved, the cells with simultaneously over-expressed FPS and silenced CAS showed higher triterpene contents. These results demonstrate that over-expression of FPS can break the rate-limiting reaction catalyzed by FPS in the triterpene saponins biosynthetic pathway; and inhibition of CAS expression can decrease the synthesis metabolic flux of the phytosterol branch. Thus, more precursors flow in the direction of triterpene synthesis, and ultimately promote the accumulation of P. notoginseng saponins. Meanwhile, silencing and over-expressing key enzyme genes simultaneously is more effective than just manipulating one gene in the regulation of saponin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
- School of Biotechnology and Engineering, Dianxi Science and Technology Normal University, Lincang 677000, China.
| | - Feng Ge
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Ying Sun
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Diqiu Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Chaoyin Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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Shi X, Yu W, Liu L, Liu W, Zhang X, Yang T, Chai L, Lou L, Gao Y, Zhu L. Panax notoginseng saponins administration modulates pro- /anti-inflammatory factor expression and improves neurologic outcome following permanent MCAO in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:221-233. [PMID: 27585466 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9901-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, particularly permanent occlusion, accounts for the overwhelming majority of all strokes. In addition to the occlusion of arteries, the inflammatory response plays a pivotal role in the severity of the cerebral injury and its clinical prognosis. Here, panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) extracted from a traditional Chinese herbal medicine was administered following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats to explore the neuroprotective mechanisms against ischemic injury. The results showed that MCAO surgery was successful in producing an infarct and that PNS and nimodipine could ameliorate the neurological deficits. The expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were increased, while the level of interleukin-10 (IL-10) was reduced in the infarct cortex 7 days after MCAO, as assessed by immunohistochemistry, western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). PNS was able to markedly reduce the overexpression of IL-1β and TNF-α while significantly promoting the expression of IL-10, but did not affect the elevated expression of TGF-β1. Meanwhile, nimodipine was able to significantly reduce the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α, but had no obvious effect on IL-10 or TGF-β1. In addition, the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-10 and TGF-β1 were basically consistent with cerebral tissue results; however, the IL-1β levels did not differ. We conclude that PNS can directly down-regulate the overexpression of proinflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α while up-regulating the expression of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 in the core region of the cerebral infarct, thereby preventing neurological damage in rats after permanent MCAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Educational Ministry and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Yu
- Department of pediatrics, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lixing Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Educational Ministry and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Educational Ministry and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Educational Ministry and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lixia Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Educational Ministry and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Educational Ministry and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lingqun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Educational Ministry and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Yang Q, Wang P, Cui J, Wang W, Chen Y, Zhang T. Panax notoginseng saponins attenuate lung cancer growth in part through modulating the level of Met/miR-222 axis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:255-265. [PMID: 27566197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are the major chemical constituents of Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H. Chen (Araliaceae), a medicinal herb extensively used in China for the treatment of various diseases including cancer. PNS have been reported to contribute to the therapeutic effects of Panax notoginseng in disease conditions including lung cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY The current study aims to further understand the molecular mechanisms implicated in the pharmacological activities of PNS in attenuating lung cancer growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cell line was employed and the impact of PNS treatment on the viability of LLC cells was first examined in vitro. The tumor-suppressive effect of PNS was further validated in vivo by assessing the tumor growth in BALB/c mice inoculated with LLC cells. Whole genome microarray and real-time PCR analyses were performed to examine and verify altered expression of genes associated with PNS treatment. Real-time PCR and western blotting analyses were also carried out to investigate the implication of microRNA (miRNA)-mediated gene expression regulation in the anti-tumor activity of PNS. RESULTS PNS treatment resulted in selective impairment of the survival of LLC cells. Furthermore, PNS treatment led to attenuated growth of tumors derived from inoculated LLC cells in mice. Bioinformatic analyses of gene expression profiles revealed that multiple pathways associated with tumorigenesis were significantly modulated by PNS treatment in vivo. The expression of an array of genes promoting tumorigenesis and progression including Hgf, Met, Notch3, Scd1, Epas1, Col1a1, Raf1, Braf1 and CDK6 was significantly decreased by PNS treatment, whereas the expression of tumor suppressive Rxrg was significantly increased as a result of PNS treatment. The level of miR-222, a miRNA regulated by Met, was significantly decreased by PNS treatment. The expression of tumor suppressor p27 and PTEN, miR-222 target genes, was significantly increased by PNS treatment. CONCLUSION Out work here presented novel evidence demonstrating that multiple mechanisms were implicated in the anti-tumor effects of PNS in lung cancer models. Particularly, PNS treatment significantly modulated the level of Met/miR-222 axis in LLC cells. Increased understanding of the anti-tumor mechanisms of PNS may provide further experimental evidence to help optimize the therapeutic modalities for the treatment of lung cancer and other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinbo Yang
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine and Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Peiwei Wang
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine and Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Jingang Cui
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine and Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Wenjian Wang
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine and Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine and Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
| | - Teng Zhang
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine and Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
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Wang T, Guo R, Zhou G, Zhou X, Kou Z, Sui F, Li C, Tang L, Wang Z. Traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 188:234-58. [PMID: 27154405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine known as Sanqi or Tianqi in China. This plant, which is distributed primarily in the southwest of China, has wide-ranging pharmacological effects and can be used to treat cardiovascular diseases, pain, inflammation and trauma as well as internal and external bleeding due to injury. AIMS OF THE REVIEW This paper provides up-to-date information on investigations of this plant, including its botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. The possible uses and perspectives for future investigation of this plant are also discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The relevant information on Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen was collected from numerous resources, including classic books about Chinese herbal medicine, and scientific databases, including Pubmed, SciFinder, ACS, Ebsco, Elsevier, Taylor, Wiley and CNKI. RESULTS More than 200 chemical compounds have been isolated from Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen, including saponins, flavonoids and cyclopeptides. The plant has pharmacological effects on the cardiovascular system, immune system as well as anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, haemostatic and anti-tumour activities, etc. CONCLUSIONS Panax notoginseng is a valuable traditional Chinese medical herb with multiple pharmacological effects. This review summarizes the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of P. notoginseng, and presents the constituents and their corresponding chemical structures found in P. notoginseng comprehensively for the first time. Future research into its phytochemistry of bio-active components should be performed by using bioactivity-guided isolation strategies. Further work on elucidation of the structure-function relationship among saponins, understanding of multi-target network pharmacology of P. notoginseng, as well as developing its new clinical usage and comprehensive utilize will enhance the therapeutic potentials of P. notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave., Beijing 100700, China
| | - Rixin Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave., Beijing 100700, China
| | - Guohong Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave., Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xidan Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave., Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhenzhen Kou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave., Beijing 100700, China
| | - Feng Sui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave., Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chun Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave., Beijing 100700, China
| | - Liying Tang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave., Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Zhuju Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave., Beijing 100700, China.
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Yu J, Li Z, Wang W, Zhang Y, Li D, Liu Y, Shen S, Zhang R. Anticancer 20(R)-dammarane-3β,12β,20,25-tetrol-loaded polymeric micelles: Preparation, quantification and pharmacokinetics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1022:13-20. [PMID: 27070116 PMCID: PMC5224911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles are effective drug-loading sites and often used to formulate poorly water-soluble agents. In the present study, the amphiphilic copolymer methoxy-capped poly(ethyleneglycol)-block-poly(Ɛ-caprolactone) (mPEG-b-PCL) was successfully developed for the delivery of 20(R)-dammarane-3β,12β,20,25-tetrol (25-OH-PPD), a natural anticancer product from Panax notoginseng. The 25-OH-PPD-loaded micelles were characterized by morphological observation and thermodynamic stability testing. The concentrations of 25-OH-PPD was determined by HPLC-MS/MS. The optimum MRM transition of 25-OH-PPD was selected at m/z 479.4.0→461.4. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a SB-C18 column (1.8μm, 2.1×50mm) with an optimized gradient mobile phase system. The extraction recoveries of plasma and various tissue homogenates were within the range of 81.1%-110.4% and the matrix effects ranged from 81.9% to 106.7%. The intra- and inter- day precision values (RSD%) were less than 12.0%, with accuracies ranging from 85.2% to 114.2%. In addition, 25-OH-PPD was found to be stable in different biological matrix after three freeze-thaw cycles, at room temperature and at -70°C for 4 weeks. The pharmacokinetics of 25-OH-PPD-loaded micelles was evaluated in rats. The micelles appeared as transparent liquid, stable and uniform spheres with an average particle size of 35.4±4.2nm. The maximum concentration of 25-OH-PPD in micelles was much lower than in free drug preparation. However, the drug in the micelles was released steadily, with a t1/2 of 9.1±4.0h, significantly longer than in free drug (3.3±1.4h). However, the drug concentrations in tissues after the micelle administration were lower than the levels after administration of the free drugs. In summary, the micelles were characterized by long circulation and sustained release, with an ability to avoid uptake by the reticuloendothelial system, providing a promising approach to deliver intravenous 25-OH-PPD for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxian Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; Cancer Biology Center, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Su Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Ruiwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; Cancer Biology Center, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
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