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Sun J, Guo F, Ran J, Wu H, Li Y, Wang M, Wang X. Bibliometric and Visual Analysis of Global Research on Taurine, Creatine, Carnosine, and Anserine with Metabolic Syndrome: From 1992 to 2022. Nutrients 2023; 15:3374. [PMID: 37571314 PMCID: PMC10420945 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Red meat and animal-sourced protein are often disparaged as risk factors for developing metabolic syndrome, while emerging research has shown the beneficial effects of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, and anserine which are all exclusively abundant in red meat. Thus, it is imperative to highlight the available evidence to help promote red meat as part of a well-balanced diet to optimize human health. In this study, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to investigate the current research status of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, and anserine with metabolic syndrome, identify research hotspots, and delineate developmental trends by utilizing the visualization software CiteSpace. A total of 1094 publications were retrieved via the Web of Science Core Collection from 1992 to 2022. There exists a gradual increase in the number of publications on this topic, but there is still much room for research papers to rise. The United States has participated in the most studies, followed by China and Japan. The University of Sao Paulo was the research institute contributing the most; Kyung Ja Chang and Sanya Roysommuti have been identified as the most prolific authors. The analysis of keywords reveals that obesity, lipid profiles, blood pressure, and glucose metabolism, as well as ergogenic aid and growth promoter have been the research hotspots. Inflammation and diabetic nephropathy will likely be frontiers of future research related to dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, and anserine. Overall, this paper may provide insights for researchers to further delve into this field and enlist the greater community to re-evaluate the health effects of red meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaru Sun
- Department of Nursing, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Fang Guo
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China; (H.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jinjun Ran
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China;
| | - Haisheng Wu
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China; (H.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yang Li
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China; (H.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Mingxu Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Nursing, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an 710061, China;
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Cesak O, Vostalova J, Vidlar A, Bastlova P, Student V. Carnosine and Beta-Alanine Supplementation in Human Medicine: Narrative Review and Critical Assessment. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071770. [PMID: 37049610 PMCID: PMC10096773 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The dipeptide carnosine is a physiologically important molecule in the human body, commonly found in skeletal muscle and brain tissue. Beta-alanine is a limiting precursor of carnosine and is among the most used sports supplements for improving athletic performance. However, carnosine, its metabolite N-acetylcarnosine, and the synthetic derivative zinc-L-carnosine have recently been gaining popularity as supplements in human medicine. These molecules have a wide range of effects—principally with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiglycation, anticarbonylation, calcium-regulatory, immunomodulatory and chelating properties. This review discusses results from recent studies focusing on the impact of this supplementation in several areas of human medicine. We queried PubMed, Web of Science, the National Library of Medicine and the Cochrane Library, employing a search strategy using database-specific keywords. Evidence showed that the supplementation had a beneficial impact in the prevention of sarcopenia, the preservation of cognitive abilities and the improvement of neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, the improvement of diabetes mellitus parameters and symptoms of oral mucositis was seen, as well as the regression of esophagitis and taste disorders after chemotherapy, the protection of the gastrointestinal mucosa and the support of Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment. However, in the areas of senile cataracts, cardiovascular disease, schizophrenia and autistic disorders, the results are inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Cesak
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Olomouc, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Vostalova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Vidlar
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Olomouc, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Bastlova
- Department of Rehabilitaion, University Hospital Olomouc, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Student
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Olomouc, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Altunina N, Bondarchuk O. EFFECTS OF ALPHA-LIPOIC ACID ON GLYCEMIC STATUS IN 2 TYPE DIABETES PATIENTS WITH СHRONIC CORONARY SYNDROME. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 75:3074-3079. [PMID: 36723330 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202212131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: To study the possibilities of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) to control the parameters of carbohydrate metabolism. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: We examined 80 people with type 2 DM and coronary heart disease who suffered non-Q-myocardial infarction (non-Q-MI). All patients at the time of inclusion in the study received oral hypoglycemic agents, ACE inhibitor, β-blocker, statin and antiplatelet agent. 600 mg of ALA per day for 4 months was added to this treatment. After checking the patients for compliance with the criteria, they were divided into the main and experimental groups. The dosage of alpha-lipoic acid was determined for each of the groups. The results of the treatment were analyzed by determining the mean and standard deviations. RESULTS Results: At the end of the observation period, a significant decrease in the level of fasting glucose (FG) by 11.6% was found, which corresponded to the average size of the clinical effect. The values of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and the insulin resistance index HOMA (HOMA-IR) showed only a tendency to decrease on the background of treatment. The effect of ALA on postprandial glycemia (PPG) and insulin levels was not detected in this study. CONCLUSION Conclusions: An additional 4-month dose of ALA in addition to baseline therapy showed a moderate effect on the decrease in FG concentration in the absence of significant dynamics in other parameters of glycemic control in the examined patients.
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Fiore G, Pascuzzi MC, Di Profio E, Corsello A, Agostinelli M, La Mendola A, Milanta C, Campoy C, Calcaterra V, Zuccotti G, Verduci E. Bioactive compounds in childhood obesity and associated metabolic complications: Current evidence, controversies and perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106599. [PMID: 36503001 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity represents the most frequent chronic disease among children worldwide, with a significant global burden on society. Metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) can affect children since their first years of life, and novel therapeutic strategies to tackle metabolic complications are under investigation. This review focuses on bioactive compounds and their possible beneficial effects on obesity, particularly omega-3, docosahexaenoic acid, vitamin D, biotics, polysaccharide macromolecules, polyphenols, inositols, alpha lipoic acid, and bromelaine. Our aim is to summarize current evidence about bioactive compounds in the treatment of obesity, highlighting recent findings on their use in children and adolescents. Most studied molecules are omega-3 and vitamin D, despite the heterogeneity between the studies. Moreover, given the emerging interest in the gut-brain axis in the link between metabolic health and microbiota, various studies on prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics and polysaccharide macromolecules have been considered. Some preclinical studies seem to highlight a possible role of the polyphenols, even if their clinical evidence is still discussed. Lastly, we describe possible effects of inositols and alpha-lipoic acid. Despite some dietary supplements seem to be promising in overweight subjects, only in a few of them a dose/response efficacy has been found in the pediatric age. Innovative, well-designed and targeted clinical trials are then needed to prove the beneficial effects of these compounds that could support the standard behavioral therapy for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fiore
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Elisabetta Di Profio
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Antonio Corsello
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Marta Agostinelli
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Alice La Mendola
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Chiara Milanta
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Spanish Network of Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada's node, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital. Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy; Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, 20144 Milan, Italy; Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Zamzuri M‘AIA, Mansor J, Nurumal SR, Jamhari MN, Arifin MA, Nawi AM. HERBAL ANTIOXIDANTS AS TERTIARY PREVENTION AGAINST CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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He WS, Sun Y, Li Z, Yang H, Li J, Wang Q, Tan C, Zou B. Enhanced antioxidant capacity of lipoic acid in different food systems through lipase-mediated esterification with phytosterols. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:7115-7125. [PMID: 35704042 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Lipoic acid has excellent antioxidant activity, but its poor lipid solubility greatly limits its practical application. This study was undertaken (i) to develop a novel and efficient enzymatic synthesis of lipophilic lipoic acid esters using Candida sp. 99-125 lipase as a catalyst; and (ii) to systematically evaluate their antioxidant potential against bulk oil, oil-in-water emulsion (O/W) and cooked ground meat. RESULTS Lipophilic lipoic acid esters were successfully and efficiently synthesized using phytosterols as acyl receptor in the presence of Candida sp. 99-125 lipase. The product was identified as phytosterol lipoate by mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The maximum conversion of phytosterol lipoate surpassed 90% within 12 h and its final yield exceeded 81%. Interestingly, the oil solubility of lipoic acid was increased at least 25-fold and other physicochemical properties were significantly improved. Most importantly, phytosterol lipoate exhibited higher antioxidant activity than lipoic acid in bulk oil, O/W emulsions and cooked ground meat. CONCLUSION The antioxidant capacity of lipoic acid can be significantly enhanced by esterification with phytosterols. Therefore, phytosterol lipoate could be further developed as a new antioxidant for use in oil- and fat-based foods. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sen He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuying Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhishuo Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haonan Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junjie Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingzhi Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Tan
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Qiu J, Yard BA, Krämer BK, van Goor H, van Dijk P, Kannt A. Association Between Serum Carnosinase Concentration and Activity and Renal Function Impairment in a Type-2 Diabetes Cohort. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:899057. [PMID: 35873562 PMCID: PMC9304884 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.899057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Genetic studies have identified associations of carnosinase 1 (CN1) polymorphisms with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, CN1 levels and activities have not been assessed as diagnostic or prognostic markers of DKD in cohorts of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: We established high-throughput, automated CN1 activity and concentration assays using robotic systems. Using these methods, we determined baseline serum CN1 levels and activity in a T2D cohort with 970 patients with no or only mild renal impairment. The patients were followed for a mean of 1.2 years. Baseline serum CN1 concentration and activity were assessed as predictors of renal function impairment and incident albuminuria during follow up. Results: CN1 concentration was significantly associated with age, gender and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at baseline. CN1 activity was significantly associated with glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and eGFR. Serum CN1 at baseline was associated with eGFR decline and predicted renal function impairment and incident albuminuria during the follow-up. Discussion: Baseline serum CN1 levels were associated with presence and progression of renal function decline in a cohort of T2D patients. Confirmation in larger cohorts with longer follow-up observation periods will be required to fully establish CN1 as a biomarker of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiedong Qiu
- 5th Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Benito A. Yard
- 5th Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernhard K. Krämer
- 5th Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter van Dijk
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Isala, Diabetes Centre, Zwolle, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Peter van Dijk, ; Aimo Kannt,
| | - Aimo Kannt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- *Correspondence: Peter van Dijk, ; Aimo Kannt,
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Lin YY, Mattison MJ, Priefer R. Beneficial effects of non-herbal supplements on patients with diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102510. [PMID: 35613489 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Controlling glycemic levels is crucial for patients with diabetes mellitus to improve their disease management and health outcomes. Beyond lifestyle modification and pharmacotherapy, some supplements have been shown to lower blood glucose as well as mitigate diabetic complications. METHODS Information was primarily gathered by employing various PubMed scholarly articles for real-world examples in addition to data extraction from supplementary manuscripts. Only original human trials were used, and those published within the past two decades were primarily chosen. However, background information may contains review articles. RESULTS Some non-herbal supplements have been suggested to lower fasting blood glucose, postprandial glucose, glycated glucose (HbA1c), lipid profiles, oxidative stress, and inflammation, as well as improving body composition, insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and nephropathy. CONCLUSION This review discusses ten non-herbal supplements that have been reported to have beneficial effects among different types of patients with diabetes as well as potential future clinical application. However, more long-term studies with a larger amount and more diverse participants need to be conducted for a robust conclusion. Also, mechanisms of action of antidiabetic effects are poorly understood and need further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Lin
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ronny Priefer
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Maciejczyk M, Żebrowska E, Nesterowicz M, Supruniuk E, Choromańska B, Chabowski A, Żendzian-Piotrowska M, Zalewska A. α-Lipoic Acid Reduces Ceramide Synthesis and Neuroinflammation in the Hypothalamus of Insulin-Resistant Rats, While in the Cerebral Cortex Diminishes the β-Amyloid Accumulation. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:2295-2312. [PMID: 35422650 PMCID: PMC9005076 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s358799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress underlies metabolic diseases and cognitive impairment; thus, the use of antioxidants may improve brain function in insulin-resistant conditions. We are the first to evaluate the effects of α-lipoic acid (ALA) on redox homeostasis, sphingolipid metabolism, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and β-amyloid accumulation in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus of insulin-resistant rats. Methods The experiment was conducted on male cmdb/outbred Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks with intragastric administration of ALA (30 mg/kg body weight) for 4 weeks. Pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory enzymes, oxidative stress, sphingolipid metabolism, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and β-amyloid level were assessed in the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex using colorimetric, fluorimetric, ELISA, and HPLC methods. Statistical analysis was performed using three-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey HSD test. Results ALA normalizes body weight, food intake, glycemia, insulinemia, and systemic insulin sensitivity in HFD-fed rats. ALA treatment reduces nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and xanthine oxidase activity, increases ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and thiol levels in the hypothalamus of insulin-resistant rats. In addition, it decreases myeloperoxidase, glucuronidase, and metalloproteinase-2 activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) levels, while in the cerebral cortex ALA reduces β-amyloid accumulation. In both brain structures, ALA diminishes ceramide synthesis and caspase-3 activity. ALA improves systemic oxidative status and reduces insulin-resistant rats’ serum cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Conclusion ALA normalizes lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in insulin-resistant rats. At the brain level, ALA primarily affects hypothalamic metabolism. ALA improves redox homeostasis by decreasing the activity of pro-oxidant enzymes, enhancing total antioxidant potential, and reducing protein and lipid oxidative damage in the hypothalamus of HFD-fed rats. ALA also reduces hypothalamic inflammation and metalloproteinases activity, and cortical β-amyloid accumulation. In both brain structures, ALA diminishes ceramide synthesis and neuronal apoptosis. Although further study is needed, ALA may be a potential treatment for patients with cerebral complications of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: Mateusz Maciejczyk, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 2C Mickiewicza Street, Bialystok, Poland, Email
| | - Ewa Żebrowska
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Miłosz Nesterowicz
- Students Scientific Club “Biochemistry of Civilization Diseases” at the Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Supruniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Choromańska
- 1st Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Anna Zalewska
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Experimental Dentistry Laboratory, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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α-Lipoic Acid Strengthens the Antioxidant Barrier and Reduces Oxidative, Nitrosative, and Glycative Damage, as well as Inhibits Inflammation and Apoptosis in the Hypothalamus but Not in the Cerebral Cortex of Insulin-Resistant Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7450514. [PMID: 35391928 PMCID: PMC8983239 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7450514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The research determined the role of α-lipoic acid (ALA) in reducing the brain manifestations of insulin resistance. The mechanism of ALA action is mainly based on its ability to “scavenge” oxygen free radicals and stimulate biosynthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH), considered the most critical brain antioxidant. Although the protective effect of ALA is widely documented in various diseases, there are still no studies assessing the influence of ALA on brain metabolism in the context of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The experiment was conducted on male Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet for ten weeks with intragastric administration of ALA for four weeks. We are the first to demonstrate that ALA improves the function of enzymatic and nonenzymatic brain antioxidant systems, but the protective effects of ALA were mainly observed in the hypothalamus of insulin-resistant rats. Indeed, ALA caused a significant increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities, as well as GSH concentration and redox potential ([GSH]2/[GSSG]) in the hypothalamus of HFD-fed rats. A consequence of antioxidant barrier enhancement by ALA is the reduction of oxidation, glycation, and nitration of brain proteins, lipids, and DNA. The protective effects of ALA result from hypothalamic activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 and inhibition of NF-κB. In the hypothalamus of insulin-resistant rats, we demonstrated reduced levels of oxidation (AOPP) and glycation (AGE) protein products, 4-hydroxynoneal, 8-isoprostanes, and 3-nitrotyrosine and, in the cerebral cortex, lower levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and peroxynitrite. In addition, we demonstrated that ALA decreases levels of proinflammatory TNF-α but also increases the synthesis of anti-inflammatory IL-10 in the hypothalamus of insulin-resistant rats. ALA also prevents neuronal apoptosis, confirming its multidirectional effects within the brain. Interestingly, we have shown no correlation between brain and serum/plasma oxidative stress biomarkers, indicating the different nature of redox imbalance at the central and systemic levels. To summarize, ALA improves antioxidant balance and diminishes oxidative/glycative stress, protein nitrosative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis, mainly in the hypothalamus of insulin-resistant rats. Further studies are needed to determine the molecular mechanism of ALA action within the brain.
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Najafi N, Mehri S, Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Hosseinzadeh H. Effects of alpha lipoic acid on metabolic syndrome: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2300-2323. [PMID: 35234312 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial disease with medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) possesses various pharmacological effects, including antidiabetic, antiobesity, hypotensive, and hypolipidemia actions. It exhibits reactive oxygen species scavenger properties against oxidation and age-related inflammation and refines MetS components. Also, α-LA activates the 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and inhibits the NFκb. It can decrease cholesterol biosynthesis, fatty acid β-oxidation, and vascular stiffness. α-LA decreases lipogenesis, cholesterol biosynthesis, low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein levels, and atherosclerosis. Moreover, α-LA increases insulin secretion, glucose transport, and insulin sensitivity. These changes occur via PI3K/Akt activation. On the other hand, α-LA treats central obesity by increasing adiponectin levels and mitochondrial biogenesis and can reduce food intake mainly by SIRT1 stimulation. In this review, the most relevant articles have been discussed to determine the effects of α-LA on different components of MetS with a special focus on different molecular mechanisms behind these effects. This review exhibits the potential properties of α-LA in managing MetS; however, high-quality studies are needed to confirm the clinical efficacy of α-LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Najafi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Subramani PA, Shaik FB, Michael RD, Panati K, Narala VR. Thiamine Is a Natural Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor Gamma (PPAR-γ) Activator. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180819666220127121403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
There has been increasing evidence for the correlation between thiamine deficiency and type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D is a condition in which an individual’s insulin sensitivity is highly compromised. Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor etiologically relevant to T2D. We hypothesized that thiamine could be a PPAR-γ ligand and thus activate PPAR-γ and ameliorate T2D.
Objective:
This study aims to establish thiamine as a PPAR-γ ligand via molecular docking and dynamics simulations (MDS) and thiamine’s ability to induce adipogenesis, upregulating PPAR-γ and AP-2 genes using in vitro assays.
Methods:
Thiamine/PPAR-γ binding was studied using Schrödinger’s Glide. The bound complex was simulated in the OPLS 2005 force field using Desmond. 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells were differentiated in the presence of thiamine and rosiglitazone and stained with Oil Red O. Nuclear protein from the differentiated cells was used to study the binding of the PPAR-γ response element (PPRE) using an ELISA-based assay. mRNA from differentiated cells was used to study the expression of genes using quantitative RT-PCR.
Results:
In silico docking shows that thiamine binds with PPAR-γ. MDS indicate that the interactions between thiamine and PPAR-γ are stable over a significant period. Thiamine induces the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner and enhances the PPRE-binding activity of PPAR-γ. Thiamine treatment significantly increases the mRNA levels of PPAR-γ and AP-2 genes.
Conclusion:
Our results show that thiamine is a PPAR-γ ligand. Animal studies and clinical trials are required to corroborate the results obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parasuraman Aiya Subramani
- Department of Zoology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, A.P., 516 005, India
- Centre for Fish Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Vels University, Pallavaram, Chennai-600117, India
| | | | - R. Dinakaran Michael
- Centre for Fish Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Vels University, Pallavaram, Chennai-600117, India
| | - Kalpana Panati
- Department of Biotechnology, Government College for Men, Kadapa -516 004, India
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Jeffrey S, Isaac Samraj P, Sundara Raj B. Therapeutic Benefits of Alpha-Lipoic Acid Supplementation in Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review. J Diet Suppl 2021; 19:566-586. [PMID: 34939534 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.2020387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Elevated oxidative stress is a common denominator between pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and diabetes complications, prompting the use of antioxidant compounds in diabetes therapy. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), has been investigated for its role as a potent antioxidant in diabetes treatment and the results from clinical trials indicate improved glucose metabolism, reduced oxidative stress, improved endothelial dysfunction, a decline in platelet reactivity and moderate improvements to weight loss yet conflicting data regarding insulin metabolism. ALA inhibits nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB), chelates divalent transient metal ions and induces the expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). This narrative review explores the results from clinical trials investigating the role of ALA in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jeffrey
- Endeavour College of Natural Health, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Behin Sundara Raj
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Sun Q, Zhang R, Xue X, Wu Q, Yang D, Wang C, Yan B, Liang X. Jinmaitong Alleviates Diabetic Neuropathic Pain Through Modulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Gasdermin D in Dorsal Root Ganglia of Diabetic Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:679188. [PMID: 34803664 PMCID: PMC8596020 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.679188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Jinmaitong (JMT) is a compound prescription of traditional Chinese medicine that has been used to treat diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) for many years. Here, we investigated the effects of JMT on the activation of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and pyroptosis in Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of diabetic rats. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were gavaged with JMT (0.88 g/kg/d) or alpha-lipoic acid (ALA, positive control, 0.48 mmol/kg/d) for 12 weeks. Distilled water was administered as a vehicle control to both diabetic and non-affected control rats. Blood glucose levels and body weights were measured. Behavioral changes were tested with mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and tail-flick latency (TFL) tests. Morphological injury associated with DRG was observed with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Nissl’s staining. mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome components (NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1), downstream IL-1β and gasdermin D (GSDMD) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, quantitative real time-PCR and western blot. The results showed that JMT had no effect on blood glucose levels and body weights, but significantly improved MWT and TFL behavior in diabetic rats, and attenuated morphological damage in the DRG tissues. Importantly, JMT decreased the mRNA and protein levels of components of NLRP3 inflammasome, including NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1. JMT also down-regulated the expression of IL-1β and GSDMD in the DRG of DNP rats. In addition, ALA treatment did not perform better than JMT. In conclusion, JMT effectively relieved DNP by decreasing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis, providing new evidence supporting JMT as an alternative treatment for DNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Xue
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qunli Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochun Liang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Jukić I, Kolobarić N, Stupin A, Matić A, Kozina N, Mihaljević Z, Mihalj M, Šušnjara P, Stupin M, Ćurić ŽB, Selthofer-Relatić K, Kibel A, Lukinac A, Kolar L, Kralik G, Kralik Z, Széchenyi A, Jozanović M, Galović O, Medvidović-Kosanović M, Drenjančević I. Carnosine, Small but Mighty-Prospect of Use as Functional Ingredient for Functional Food Formulation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1037. [PMID: 34203479 PMCID: PMC8300828 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosine is a dipeptide synthesized in the body from β-alanine and L-histidine. It is found in high concentrations in the brain, muscle, and gastrointestinal tissues of humans and is present in all vertebrates. Carnosine has a number of beneficial antioxidant properties. For example, carnosine scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as alpha-beta unsaturated aldehydes created by peroxidation of fatty acid cell membranes during oxidative stress. Carnosine can oppose glycation, and it can chelate divalent metal ions. Carnosine alleviates diabetic nephropathy by protecting podocyte and mesangial cells, and can slow down aging. Its component, the amino acid beta-alanine, is particularly interesting as a dietary supplement for athletes because it increases muscle carnosine, and improves effectiveness of exercise and stimulation and contraction in muscles. Carnosine is widely used among athletes in the form of supplements, but rarely in the population of cardiovascular or diabetic patients. Much less is known, if any, about its potential use in enriched food. In the present review, we aimed to provide recent knowledge on carnosine properties and distribution, its metabolism (synthesis and degradation), and analytical methods for carnosine determination, since one of the difficulties is the measurement of carnosine concentration in human samples. Furthermore, the potential mechanisms of carnosine's biological effects in musculature, metabolism and on immunomodulation are discussed. Finally, this review provides a section on carnosine supplementation in the form of functional food and potential health benefits and up to the present, neglected clinical use of carnosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Jukić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
| | - Nikolina Kolobarić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
| | - Ana Stupin
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10E, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anita Matić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
| | - Nataša Kozina
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
| | - Zrinka Mihaljević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
| | - Martina Mihalj
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Petar Šušnjara
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
| | - Marko Stupin
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department for Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Željka Breškić Ćurić
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Vinkovci, Zvonarska 57, HR-32100 Vinkovci, Croatia
| | - Kristina Selthofer-Relatić
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department for Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department for Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Kibel
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department for Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anamarija Lukinac
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Clinical Hospital Center Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Luka Kolar
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vukovar General Hospital, HR-32000 Vukovar, Croatia
| | - Gordana Kralik
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Nutricin j.d.o.o. Darda, HR-31326 Darda, Croatia
| | - Zlata Kralik
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Animal Production and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Széchenyi
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Jozanović
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Olivera Galović
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Medvidović-Kosanović
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
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16
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Siriwattanasit N, Satirapoj B, Supasyndh O. Effect of Oral carnosine supplementation on urinary TGF-β in diabetic nephropathy: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:236. [PMID: 34174842 PMCID: PMC8235831 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway is a significant contributor to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Carnosine is a dipeptide that can inhibit TGF-β synthesis. We tested the hypothesis that carnosine supplement added to standard therapy will result in reduced urinary TGF-β levels among patients with diabetic nephropathy. Methods We randomly assigned 40 patients with diabetic nephropathy and albuminuria 30–299 mg/day to treatment with carnosine (2 g/day) or placebo for 12 weeks. Urinary TGF-β level was determined using ELISA, urine albumin was ascertained by immunonephelometric assay, and renal function and metabolic profiles were determined at baseline and during 12 weeks of active treatment. Primary outcome was decrease in urinary levels of TGF-β. Results The 2 groups were comparable for baseline characteristics, blood pressure, urine albumin, urine TGF-β and renal function measurements. Urinary TGF-β significantly decreased with carnosine supplement (− 17.8% of the baseline values), whereas it tended to increase with placebo (+ 16.9% of the baseline values) (between-group difference P < 0.05). However, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate and other biochemical parameters remained unchanged during the study period including urinary albuminuria. Both groups were well tolerated with no serious side-effects. Conclusions These data indicated an additional renoprotective effect of oral supplementation with carnosine to decrease urinary TGF-β level that serves as a marker of renal injury in diabetic nephropathy. Trial registration Thai Clinical Trials, TCTR20200724002. Retrospectively Registered 24 July 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narongrit Siriwattanasit
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Bancha Satirapoj
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Ouppatham Supasyndh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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Bora S, Shankarrao Adole P. Carbonyl stress in diabetics with acute coronary syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 520:78-86. [PMID: 34090879 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) are increasing worldwide bringing with it a significantly higher rate of complications. Various mechanisms such as carbonyl stress, polyol pathway, oxidative stress, hexosamine pathways, diacylglycerol/protein kinase-C activation, etc., are responsible for the pathogenesis of DM and its complications. Persistent hyperglycaemia and inhibition of metabolising and detoxifying enzymes lead to the excessive synthesis of carbonyl compounds such as methylglyoxal, glyoxal, and 3-deoxyglucosone, resulting in carbonyl stress. The substrates, metabolizing and detoxifying enzymes of carbonyl compounds are discussed. The mechanistic roles of carbonyl compounds and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, thrombogenicity, and endothelial dysfunction in animal and cell culture model of DM and patients with DM are summarised. Because of the essential role of carbonyl stress, therapeutics are aimed at scavenging, metabolizing, detoxifying, and inhibiting carbonyl compounds or AGEs so that their harmful effects are minimized. Clinically used drugs, plants extracts and miscellaneous chemical with antiglycation properties are used in an animal model of DM to alleviates the impact of carbonyl compounds. Extensive clinical trials with derivatisation of available antiglycation agents to increase the bioavailability and decrease side effects are warranted further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Bora
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605 006, India
| | - Prashant Shankarrao Adole
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605 006, India.
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18
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Menon K, Marquina C, Hoj P, Liew D, Mousa A, de Courten B. Carnosine and histidine-containing dipeptides improve dyslipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev 2021; 78:939-951. [PMID: 32594145 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardiovascular disease is a major public health problem and represents a significant burden of disease globally. Lifestyle interventions have their limitations and an intervention that will effectively address cardiovascular risk factors to help reduce this growing burden of disease is required. OBJECTIVE Carnosine and other histidine-containing dipeptides (HCDs) have exerted positive effects on cardiovascular risk factors and diseases in animal and human studies. The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effects of HCDs on cardiovascular outcomes in line with the PRISMA guidelines. DATA SOURCES The Medline, Medline in process, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, and All EBM databases were searched from inception until January 25, 2019, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of HCDs on cardiovascular outcomes, compared with placebo or controls. DATA EXTRACTION Basic characteristics of the study and populations, interventions, and study results were extracted. The grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation approach was used to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome. DATA ANALYSIS A total of 21 studies were included. Of these, 18 were pooled for meta-analysis (n = 913). In low risk of bias studies, HCD-supplemented groups had lower total cholesterol (n = 6 RCTs; n = 401; weighted mean difference [WMD], -0.32 mmol/L [95%CI, -0.57 to -0.07], P = 0.01) and triglyceride levels (n = 6 RCTs; n = 401; WMD, -0.14 mmol/L [95%CI, -0.20 to -0.08], P < 0.001) compared with controls. In studies using carnosine, triglycerides levels were also lower in the intervention group vs controls (n = 5 RCTS; n = 309; P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in blood pressure, heart rate, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or the total cholesterol to HDL-C ratio between groups. CONCLUSIONS Carnosine and other HCDs may have a role in improving lipid profiles. Larger studies with sufficient follow-up are necessary to confirm these findings and explore the use of HCDs in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. SYSTEMIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42017075354.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirthi Menon
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Clara Marquina
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pernille Hoj
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danny Liew
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aya Mousa
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Barbora de Courten
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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19
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Cammisotto V, Nocella C, Bartimoccia S, Sanguigni V, Francomano D, Sciarretta S, Pastori D, Peruzzi M, Cavarretta E, D’Amico A, Castellani V, Frati G, Carnevale R, Group SM. The Role of Antioxidants Supplementation in Clinical Practice: Focus on Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:146. [PMID: 33498338 PMCID: PMC7909411 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress may be defined as an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant system to counteract or detoxify these potentially damaging molecules. This phenomenon is a common feature of many human disorders, such as cardiovascular disease. Many of the risk factors, including smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and obesity, are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, involving an elevated oxidative stress burden (either due to enhanced ROS production or decreased antioxidant protection). There are many therapeutic options to treat oxidative stress-associated cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have focused on the utility of antioxidant supplementation. However, whether antioxidant supplementation has any preventive and/or therapeutic value in cardiovascular pathology is still a matter of debate. In this review, we provide a detailed description of oxidative stress biomarkers in several cardiovascular risk factors. We also discuss the clinical implications of the supplementation with several classes of antioxidants, and their potential role for protecting against cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialty Paride Stefanini, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (D.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (D.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Valerio Sanguigni
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Madonna delle Grazie Hospital, Velletri, 00049 Rome, Italy; (V.S.); (D.F.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Francomano
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Madonna delle Grazie Hospital, Velletri, 00049 Rome, Italy; (V.S.); (D.F.)
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.C.); (G.F.)
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Daniele Pastori
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (D.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Mariangela Peruzzi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.C.); (G.F.)
- Mediterranea, Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy
| | - Elena Cavarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.C.); (G.F.)
- Mediterranea, Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandra D’Amico
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy;
| | - Valentina Castellani
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (D.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.C.); (G.F.)
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.C.); (G.F.)
- Mediterranea, Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy
| | - SMiLe Group
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy;
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20
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Xu F, Wang N, Li G, Tian D, Shi X. ANGPTL8/Betatrophin Improves Glucose Tolerance in Older Mice and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Its Role in Insulin Resistance in HepG2 Cells. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:4209-4221. [PMID: 34703256 PMCID: PMC8523517 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s330700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance is a determining factor in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8, also known as betatrophin), associated with glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism, has attracted attention. But its mechanism in glucose metabolism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of ANGPTL8/betatrophin on glucose tolerance in Kunming (KM) mice of different ages and metabolic profiles in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Our study may provide a new perspective of ANGPTL8/betatrophin in insulin resistance from the metabolic changes. METHODS Oral glucose tolerance test was performed in KM mice of different ages. Insulin concentration was measured by using a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ANGPTL8/betatrophin knockouts in HepG2 cells were established with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to determine cell viability after gene knockout. The effect of ANGPTL8/betatrophin on the metabolomic changes was evaluated in high insulin-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method. RESULTS ANGPTL8/betatrophin improved glucose tolerance in older mice not by altering the concentration of insulin. Cell growth was affected in ANGPTL8/betatrophin knockout HepG2. Based on UPLC-MS/MS, compared with wild type insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, we identified 83 differential metabolites in ANGPTL8/betatrophin knockout HepG2 cells after high insulin induction. Among the 14 differential up-regulated metabolites, D-mannose had the highest fold change. In insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, ANGPTL8/betatrophin knockout exerted an effect on the amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, lipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and genetic information processing pathway. CONCLUSION This study identified the effect of ANGPTL8/betatrophin on glucose tolerance in mice of different ages and metabolic profiles in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. These findings may contribute to a new understanding of its role in glucose metabolism in the context of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Xu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Department of Research and Discipline Development, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan University People’s Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Fangfang Xu Clinical Medical Research Center, Department of Research and Discipline Development, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan University People’s Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-371 87160613 Email
| | - Nan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gangqiang Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dandan Tian
- Department of Hypertension, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People’s Republic of China
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Diane A, Mahmoud N, Bensmail I, Khattab N, Abunada HA, Dehbi M. Alpha lipoic acid attenuates ER stress and improves glucose uptake through DNAJB3 cochaperone. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20482. [PMID: 33235302 PMCID: PMC7687893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77621-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and failure of the heat shock response (HSR) are fundamental hallmarks of insulin resistance (IR); one of the early core metabolic aberrations that leads to type 2 diabetes (T2D). The antioxidant α-lipoic acid (ALA) has been shown to attenuate metabolic stress and improve insulin sensitivity in part through activation of the heat shock response (HSR). However, these studies have been focused on a subset of heat shock proteins (HSPs). In the current investigation, we assessed whether ALA has an effect on modulating the expression of DNAJB3/HSP40 cochaperone; a potential therapeutic target with a novel role in mitigating metabolic stress and promoting insulin signaling. Treatment of C2C12 cells with 0.3 mM of ALA triggers a significant increase in the expression of DNAJB3 mRNA and protein. A similar increase in DNAJB3 mRNA was also observed in HepG2 cells. We next investigated the significance of such activation on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and glucose uptake. ALA pre-treatment significantly reduced the expression of ER stress markers namely, GRP78, XBP1, sXBP1 and ATF4 in response to tunicamycin. In functional assays, ALA treatment abrogated significantly the tunicamycin-mediated transcriptional activation of ATF6 while it enhanced the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and Glut4 translocation. Silencing the expression of DNAJB3 but not HSP72 abolished the protective effect of ALA on tunicamycin-induced ER stress, suggesting thus that DNAJB3 is a key mediator of ALA-alleviated tunicamycin-induced ER stress. Furthermore, the effect of ALA on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is significantly reduced in C2C12 and HepG2 cells transfected with DNAJB3 siRNA. In summary, our results are supportive of an essential role of DNAJB3 as a molecular target through which ALA alleviates ER stress and improves glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulaye Diane
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Naela Mahmoud
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar.,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ilham Bensmail
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Namat Khattab
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Hanan A Abunada
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Dehbi
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar. .,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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22
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Bondy SC, Wu M, Prasad KN. Alternatives to Insulin for the Regulation of Blood Sugar Levels in Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8302. [PMID: 33167495 PMCID: PMC7663956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This short overview focuses on the causation and treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Emphasis is given to the historical basis of understanding this disease and the background leading to emergence of the central role of insulin. The strengths of insulin administration in the treatment of diabetes are profound, but these need to be balanced against several serious shortcomings of its extended use. Some alternative approaches to T2D management are considered. Insulin is no longer considered as the first choice for type 2 diabetes, and an expanding range of new therapeutic possibilities is emerging. While these may lack the potency of insulin, at a minimum, they allow a major reduction in the intensity of insulin use. In view of the rising worldwide incidence of this disease, it is imperative to develop safe and inexpensive means of limiting its potential for impairment of normal functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Bondy
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Meixia Wu
- Evergreen World Healthcare Center, Garden Grove, CA 92844, USA;
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23
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Matthews JJ, Sale C. Comments upon "Histidine-containing dipeptides reduce central obesity and improve glycaemic outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13036. [PMID: 32383539 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Matthews
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.,Research Centre for Life and Sport Sciences (CLaSS), School of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Sport and Exercise, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Craig Sale
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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24
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Menon K, Mousa A, de Courten B. Reply to the Letter to the Editor from J. Matthews and C. Sale. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13043. [PMID: 32383286 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirthi Menon
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aya Mousa
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbora de Courten
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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25
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High-dose thiamine supplementation may reduce resting energy expenditure in individuals with hyperglycemia: a randomized, double - blind cross-over trial. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:297-304. [PMID: 32550179 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite the crucial role of thiamine in glucose and energy metabolism pathways, there has been no published study examining the impact of thiamine on energy metabolism in humans. Objective To assess the effects of thiamine supplementation on resting energy expenditure (REE) in individuals with hyperglycemia. Methods Twelve hyperglycemic patients completed this double-blind, randomized trial, where all participants received both thiamine (300 mg/day) and matched placebo for 6 weeks in a cross-over manner. REE was assessed by indirect calorimetry. Anthropometric measurements, fasting and 2-h plasma glucose, and glucose-induced thermogenesis were also assessed at the beginning and on the completion of each six-week phase. Results Participants consuming thiamine supplements experienced a significant decrease in the REE assessed at week six compared to the baseline [mean (SE): 1478.93 (73.62) vs.1526.40 (73.46) kcal/d, p = 0.02], and the placebo arm (p = 0.002). These results did not change significantly after adjusting for the participants' body weight and physical activity as potential confounders. Six-week intervention had no significant effect on the participants' body weight or waist circumference, in either supplement or placebo arms (all p values>0.05). However, correlation analysis highlighted significant positive relationships between the changes in REE, and those in fasting (rs = 0.497, p = 0.019) and 2-h plasma glucose (rs = 0.498, p = 0.018) during the six-week intervention period. Conclusion Supplementation with high-dose thiamine may attenuate REE in patients with impaired glucose regulation. Our findings suggest that the impact of thiamine on REE may in part be explained by improved glycemic control. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12611000051943. https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12611000051943.
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26
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Gligorijević N, Šukalović V, Penezić A, Nedić O. Characterisation of the binding of dihydro-alpha-lipoic acid to fibrinogen and the effects on fibrinogen oxidation and fibrin formation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 147:319-325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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27
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Menon K, Marquina C, Liew D, Mousa A, de Courten B. Histidine-containing dipeptides reduce central obesity and improve glycaemic outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12975. [PMID: 31828942 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Supplementation with histidine-containing dipeptides has been shown to improve obesity and glycaemic outcomes in animal and human studies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to examine these effects. Electronic databases were searched investigating the effects of histidine-containing dipeptides supplementation on anthropometric and glycaemic outcomes. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models to calculate the weighted mean difference and 95% confidence interval. There were 30 studies for the systematic review and 23 studies pooled for meta-analysis. Histidine-containing dipeptide groups had a lower waist circumference (WMD [95% CI] = -3.53 cm [-5.65, -1.41], p = 0.001) and HbA1c level (WMD [95% CI] = -0.76% (8.5 mmol/mol) [-1.29% (14.3 mmol/mol), -0.24% (2.8 mmol/mol)], p = 0.004) at follow-up compared with controls. In sensitivity analyses of studies with low risk of bias, waist circumference, HbA1c, and fasting glucose levels (WMD [95% CI] = -0.63 mmol/L [-1.09, -0.18], p = 0.006) were significantly lower in intervention groups versus controls. There was also a trend toward lower fat mass (p = 0.09), insulin resistance (p = 0.07), and higher insulin secretion (p = 0.06) in intervention versus control groups. Supplementation with histidine-containing dipeptides may reduce central obesity and improve glycaemic outcomes. Further studies exploring histidine-containing dipeptide use in obesity and diabetes prevention and treatment are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirthi Menon
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clara Marquina
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danny Liew
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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28
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Zhang S, Xu J, Cui D, Jiang S, Xu X, Zhang Y, Zhu D, Xia L, Yard B, Wu Y, Zhang Q. Genotype Distribution of CNDP1 Polymorphisms in the Healthy Chinese Han Population: Association with HbA1c and Fasting Blood Glucose. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:3838505. [PMID: 32733966 PMCID: PMC7383329 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3838505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that the CNDP1 (CTG)5 allele affords protection against diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) of Caucasian origin. Because the incidence of ESRD attributable to both Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and T2DM is higher among South Asian than Caucasian people, the present study assessed relevant CNDP1 polymorphisms and their association with metabolic parameters in the Chinese Han population. To this end, the (CTG)n allele distribution along with 5 relevant SNPs in the CNDP1 gene, previously reported to be associated with DN in non (CTG)5 carriers of Afro-American ethnicity, were determined in 663 healthy individuals. The (CTG)6 homozygous genotype was the most prevalent (84.5%) genotype in the Chinese Han population. The (CTG)5 and (CTG)4 alleles were present in a small minority of individuals accounting for 15.2% and 0.3% of genotypes with at least one (CTG)5 or one (CTG)4 allele, respectively. Only 0.5% of individuals carried the homozygous (CTG)5 genotype and individuals carrying the homozygous (CTG)4 genotype were not found. The minor allele frequencies (MAFs) of the 5 SNP were 0.197 (C allele for rs4892247), 0.0855 (C allele for rs62099905), 0.085 (G allele for rs62099906), 0.066 (T allele for rs62099907), and 0.18 (A allele for rs72979715). All the SNPs except rs4892247 genotypes were in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Neither the (CTG)n polymorphism nor the latter three SNPs reached significance when compared with different metabolic parameters. In contrast, individuals with the TT genotype of rs62099905 presented lower fasting blood glucose but higher HbA1c levels. In conclusion, the rs62099905 in the CNDP1 gene is associated with serum glucose levels in the healthy Chinese Han population, while for the CNDP1 (CTG)n polymorphism, no association with serological parameters was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Di Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Shujuan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Dongchun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Li Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Benito Yard
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Yonggui Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
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Relationship Between Oxidative Stress, ER Stress, and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes: The Battle Continues. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091385. [PMID: 31487953 PMCID: PMC6780404 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in which oxidative stress is thought to be a primary cause. Considering that mitochondria are the main source of ROS, we have set out to provide a general overview on how oxidative stress is generated and related to T2D. Enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress occurs in mitochondria as a consequence of an overload of glucose and oxidative phosphorylation. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays an important role in oxidative stress, as it is also a source of ROS. The tight interconnection between both organelles through mitochondrial-associated membranes (MAMs) means that the ROS generated in mitochondria promote ER stress. Therefore, a state of stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are consequences of this vicious cycle. The implication of mitochondria in insulin release and the exposure of pancreatic β-cells to hyperglycemia make them especially susceptible to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. In fact, crosstalk between both mechanisms is related with alterations in glucose homeostasis and can lead to the diabetes-associated insulin-resistance status. In the present review, we discuss the current knowledge of the relationship between oxidative stress, mitochondria, ER stress, inflammation, and lipotoxicity in T2D.
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Rodriguez-Niño A, Hauske SJ, Herold A, Qiu J, van den Born J, Bakker SJL, Krämer BK, Yard BA. Serum Carnosinase-1 and Albuminuria Rather than the CNDP1 Genotype Correlate with Urinary Carnosinase-1 in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:6850628. [PMID: 31950064 PMCID: PMC6948305 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6850628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carnosinase-1 (CN-1) can be detected in 24 h urine of healthy individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We aimed to assess whether urinary CN-1 is also reliably measured in spot urine and investigated its association with renal function and the albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR). We also assessed associations between the CNDP1 (CTG) n genotype and CN-1 concentrations in serum and urine. METHODS Patients with T2DM (n = 85) and nondiabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) (n = 26) stratified by albuminuria (ACR ≤ 300 mg/g or ACR > 300 mg/g) recruited from the nephrology clinic and healthy subjects (n = 24) were studied. RESULTS Urinary CN-1 was more frequently detected and displayed higher concentrations in patients with ACR > 300 mg/g as compared to those with ACR ≤ 300 mg/g irrespective of the baseline disease (T2DM: 554 ng/ml [IQR 212-934 ng/ml] vs. 31 ng/ml [IQR 31-63 ng/ml] (p < 0.0001) and nondiabetic CKD: 197 ng/ml [IQR 112-739] vs. 31 ng/ml [IQR 31-226 ng/ml] (p = 0.015)). A positive correlation between urinary CN-1 and ACR was found (r = 0.68, p < 0.0001). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that ACR and serum CN-1 concentrations but not eGFR or the CNDP1 genotype are independent predictors of urinary CN-1, explaining 47% of variation of urinary CN-1 concentrations (R 2 = 0.47, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION These results confirm and extend previous findings on urinary CN-1 concentrations, suggesting that assessment of CN-1 in spot urine is as reliable as in 24 h urine and may indicate that urinary CN-1 in macroalbuminuric patients is primarily serum-derived and not locally produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Rodriguez-Niño
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Sibylle J. Hauske
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Anna Herold
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Jiedong Qiu
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700RB, Netherlands
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700RB, Netherlands
| | - Bernhard K. Krämer
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Benito A. Yard
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68167, Germany
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