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Hornor G. Child Sexual Abuse Victimization and Parenting. J Pediatr Health Care 2024; 38:438-449. [PMID: 38697699 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
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Lombardi BN, Jensen TM, Parisi AB, Jenkins M, Bledsoe SE. The Relationship Between a Lifetime History of Sexual Victimization and Perinatal Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:139-155. [PMID: 34132148 PMCID: PMC9660263 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211021611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between a lifetime history of sexual victimization and the well-being of women during the perinatal period has received increasing attention. However, research investigating this relationship has yet to be systematically reviewed or quantitatively synthesized. AIM This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to calculate the pooled effect size estimate of the statistical association between a lifetime history of sexual victimization and perinatal depression (PND). METHOD Four bibliographic databases were systematically searched, and reference harvesting was conducted to identify peer-reviewed articles that empirically examined associations between a lifetime history of sexual victimization and PND. A random effects model was used to ascertain an overall pooled effect size estimate in the form of an odds ratio and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were also conducted to assess whether particular study features and sample characteristic (e.g., race and ethnicity) influenced the magnitude of effect size estimates. RESULTS This review included 36 studies, with 45 effect size estimates available for meta-analysis. Women with a lifetime history of sexual victimization had 51% greater odds of experiencing PND relative to women with no history of sexual victimization (OR = 1.51, 95% CI [1.35, 1.67]). Effect size estimates varied considerably according to the PND instrument used in each study and the racial/ethnic composition of each sample. CONCLUSION Findings provide compelling evidence for an association between a lifetime history of sexual victimization and PND. Future research should focus on screening practices and interventions that identify and support survivors of sexual victimization perinatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke N. Lombardi
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
NC, USA
| | - Todd M. Jensen
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
NC, USA
| | - Anna B. Parisi
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
NC, USA
| | - Melissa Jenkins
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
NC, USA
| | - Sarah E. Bledsoe
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
NC, USA
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Cárdenas EF, Kujawa A, Humphreys KL. Benevolent Childhood Experiences and Childhood Maltreatment History: Examining their Roles in Depressive Symptoms Across the Peripartum Period. ADVERSITY AND RESILIENCE SCIENCE 2022; 3:169-179. [PMID: 37113656 PMCID: PMC10128865 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-022-00062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Peripartum depressive symptoms are associated with a range of adverse outcomes for offspring and mothers. Childhood experiences, both negative and positive, may impact peripartum depression risk. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine trajectories of change in depression across the peripartum and predictors of symptoms across time. We examined the associations between women's reports of specific childhood experiences and trajectories of depressive symptoms across the peripartum period. Participants were 208 pregnant women (Mage=30.31, SD=5.45, range=20-45 years) at the prenatal session. Participants completed follow up sessions approximately 1 month and 6 months postpartum. At baseline, participants completed questionnaire measures of benevolent childhood experiences, childhood maltreatment, and depressive symptoms. Greater benevolent childhood experiences were associated with lower depressive symptoms across the peripartum period. The association with postpartum symptoms remained significant even when covarying antepartum depressive symptoms, indicating that benevolent childhood experiences may protect against postpartum depressive symptoms even after accounting for earlier symptoms. We did not find significant associations between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms. These findings extend previous research on benevolent childhood experiences by offering insight into unique associations with symptoms across the peripartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia F Cárdenas
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology and Human Development
| | - Autumn Kujawa
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology and Human Development
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Amwiine E, Ainembabazi B, Obwona I, Opoka R, Akatuhumuriza M, Niyonzima V, Mubangizi V. Perceptions of females about trauma-informed services for survivors of sexual violence in south western Uganda- a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2144. [PMID: 34814883 PMCID: PMC8611951 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sexual violence is a public health concern globally and locally, and trauma-informed services are put in place to mitigate its consequences. A few studies have evaluated the quality and uptake of these trauma-informed services for sexual violence. This study aimed at; i) assessing the knowledge of participants about trauma-informed services, ii) exploring the attitudes of females about trauma-informed services, and iii) assessing different factors associated with the utilization of trauma-informed services. Methods This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional qualitative design. The participants were females at Kyangyenyi health center III and Kigarama health center III in Sheema district, southwestern Uganda. We used a purposive sampling procedure for all participants and then a consecutive sampling of females. Data about; knowledge of trauma-informed services for sexual violence, attitudes towards trauma-informed services, and factors influencing the utilization of trauma-informed services were collected using an in-depth interview guide. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results We interviewed 32 participants. There was a high prevalence of sexual violence, and it was a big concern in the community. Many of the respondents were not sensitized about trauma-informed services. Most of them knew only about HIV treatment. Our study shows that a good section of females did not seek the services after being sexually violated due to the fear of the perpetrator, bribing of the family of the affected and authorities, or even fear of family breakup and stigmatization. There were a lot of bribery, poor road networks, and inadequate health care services. These hindered survivors of sexual violence from utilizing trauma-informed services. Conclusions There was a knowledge gap about trauma-informed services for survivors of sexual violence. There was sexual violence in the community. Sensitization needs to be done among the populations by respective authorities to iron out issues of ignorance about the services and health workers evaluated for competence in offering the trauma-informed services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Earnest Amwiine
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Bonita Ainembabazi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Isaiah Obwona
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Richard Opoka
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Mary Akatuhumuriza
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Vallence Niyonzima
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Vincent Mubangizi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
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Racial Disparities in Mental Health Outcomes Among Women With Early Pregnancy Loss. Obstet Gynecol 2021; 137:156-163. [PMID: 33278280 PMCID: PMC7737857 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000004212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The risk for major depression is common 30 days after treatment for early pregnancy loss, especially among Black women. OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between race and depression symptoms among participants in an early pregnancy loss clinical trial. METHODS: We performed a planned secondary analysis of a randomized trial by comparing treatments for medical management of early pregnancy loss. We hypothesized that Black participants would have higher odds of risk for major depression (measured with the CES-D [Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression] scale) 30 days after early pregnancy loss treatment when compared with non-Black participants. We analyzed the data as a cohort, with the primary exposure being race and secondary exposure being high adverse childhood experience scores (measured with the Adverse Childhood Experience scale). Our primary outcome was risk for major depression (score of 21 or higher on the CES-D scale) 30 days after early pregnancy loss treatment. RESULTS: Three hundred participants diagnosed with a nonviable intrauterine pregnancy from 5 to 12 weeks of gestation were randomized as part of the original trial from May 2014 to April 2017. Of 275 respondents included in this analysis, 120 [44%] self-identified as Black and 155 [56%] self-identified as non-Black. After early pregnancy loss treatment, 65 [24%] participants were at risk for major depression. Black participants had an increased risk for major depression (57%) after early pregnancy loss treatment compared with non-Black participants (43%; odds ratio [OR] 2.02; 95% CI 1.15–3.55). After adjustment for risk for baseline depression, adverse childhood experience score, and parity, the odds of risk for major depression 30 days after pregnancy loss treatment remained higher for Black participants when compared with non-Black participants (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.15–3.55; adjusted OR 2.48; 95% CI 1.28–4.81). CONCLUSION: Overall, approximately one quarter of women who experience an early pregnancy loss are at an increased risk for major depression 30 days after treatment. This risk is about twice as high for Black women compared with non-Black women. There is a need for appropriate mental health resources for women undergoing early pregnancy loss care. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02012491.
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Goldstein BL, Briggs-Gowan M, Grasso DJ. The effects of Intimate Partner Violence and a history of Childhood Abuse on Mental Health and Stress during Pregnancy. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2021; 36:337-346. [PMID: 34113060 PMCID: PMC8186840 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-020-00149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and intimate partner violence (IPV) are temporally distinct risk factors that negatively impact mothers and their offspring. Risk associated with ACEs and IPV begin during pregnancy, a period of increased physical and psychological demands. The current study examined a person-centered method to empirically identify profiles of pregnant women based on type and severity of ACEs and past-year IPV. Profiles were then differentiated on psychosocial functioning indicators. METHODS A primarily Latinx, low socioeconomic sample of women (n = 225) completed measures assessing ACEs and past-year IPV, perceived and experienced stress, emotion regulation, and trauma-related symptoms during their third trimester. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify unique profiles of women based on seven dimensional indicators reflecting threat- and deprivation-based ACEs and IPV. RESULTS A 4-class solution best fit the data: (1) low probability of ACEs or IPV (64.9%), (2) childhood neglect-only (20.4%), (3) childhood abuse/neglect (10.2%), and (4) polytrauma characterized by a combination of childhood abuse, neglect, and IPV (4.4%). Women with the "childhood abuse/neglect" or "polytrauma" profiles reported more stress and symptoms than women with the "low exposure" profile. Women in the "childhood neglect-only" profile were generally similar to women in the "low exposure" profile, but did report greater difficulties in emotion regulation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that childhood abuse and IPV, exposure types involving threat, are potent correlates of stress, emotion regulation, and mental health difficulties during pregnancy. However, exposure characterized by deprivation alone generally did not increase difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Damion J Grasso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine
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Brunton R, Dryer R. Child Sexual Abuse and Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of the Literature. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 111:104802. [PMID: 33218712 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child sexual abuse is related to many negative outcomes but less known is the effect on pregnancy and childbirth. OBJECTIVE This review critically examined the literature on the occurrence of child sexual abuse and outcomes associated with this abuse during pregnancy and childbirth. METHODS Five databases were searched over 50 years using an iterative approach and the terms pregnancy, sexual abuse/assault, childbirth/labour, identifying 49 studies. RESULTS The prevalence of child sexual abuse in pregnant women ranged from 2.63% to 37.25 with certain characteristics more common with a higher (e.g., specific questions, low income) or lower (broad questions, higher education) prevalence. Compared to women with no history of abuse, child sexual abuse survivors may have more concerns with their care, greater health complaints, fear childbirth and have difficulties with delivery. They also had a higher likelihood of PTSD symptomology and anxiety, consumed more harmful substances (e.g., alcohol, cigarettes, and drugs) and had greater concerns with their appearance, poorer health, sleep and may also have a higher risk of re-victimisation. CONCLUSIONS The balance of evidence suggests that compared to non-abused women, women with a child abuse history have more adverse experiences with pregnancy, childbirth, and care, with their abuse history, likely contributes to harmful behaviours and psychopathology. However, variability in operationalisation and measurement of abuse may contribute to these findings so tentative conclusions are drawn. Future research should examine the generalisability of the findings (relating to scale limitations) and recommendations for screening (e.g., sensitive items, scoring). Clinical implications of the findings point to the need for early identification of women with a child abuse history as such women require trauma-sensitive care and consideration. A useful tool is the Pregnancy-related Anxiety Scale which provides insights into specific areas of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Brunton
- Charles Sturt University, School of Psychology, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia.
| | - Rachel Dryer
- Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, NSW 2135, Australia
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Cunradi CB, Caetano R, Alter HJ, Ponicki WR. Adverse childhood experiences are associated with at-risk drinking, cannabis and illicit drug use in females but not males: an Emergency Department study. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2020; 46:739-748. [PMID: 33186088 PMCID: PMC8432740 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2020.1823989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with adult substance use in the general population. Given pervasive health disparities among underserved populations, understanding how ACEs are associated with substance use among urban Emergency Department (ED) patients could help inform design of effective screening, brief interventions, and referral to treatment. OBJECTIVES To estimate gender differences in prevalence of separate and cumulative ACEs among a sample of urban ED patients, and assess its association with at-risk drinking (4+/5+ drinks for females/males), cannabis, and illicit drug use. We hypothesized that the association between ACEs and each outcome would be stronger among females than males. METHODS Cross-sectional survey data were obtained from 1,037 married/partnered ED patients (53% female) at a public safety-net hospital. Gender-stratified logistic regression models were estimated for each substance use outcome. RESULTS One+ ACEs were reported by 53% of males and 60% of females. Females whose mother was a victim of domestic violence had greater odds of at-risk drinking compared to females who did not report this ACE (AOR = 1.72; 95% CI 1.03, 2.88). Females' cumulative ACEs were associated with cannabis use (OR = 2.26, 95% CI 1.06, 4.83) and illicit drug use (OR = 3.35; 95% CI 1.21, 9.30). Males' separate and cumulative ACEs were not associated with increased likelihood for any of the outcomes. CONCLUSION ACEs are associated with greater odds of substance use among female than male ED patients. The prevalence of ACE exposure in this urban ED sample underscores the importance of ED staff providing trauma-informed care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol B Cunradi
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation , Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Raul Caetano
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation , Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Harrison J Alter
- Alameda Health System, Andrew Levitt Center for Social Emergency Medicine , Oakland, CA, USA
| | - William R Ponicki
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation , Berkeley, CA, USA
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Young-Wolff KC, Wei J, Varnado N, Rios N, Staunton M, Watson C. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Pregnancy Intentions among Pregnant Women Seeking Prenatal Care. Womens Health Issues 2020; 31:100-106. [PMID: 33032888 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined whether adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with increased risk of having an unwanted or mistimed pregnancy. METHODS Women in two medical centers within an integrated health system were screened for ACEs during standard prenatal care (N = 745). Multinomial multivariable logistic regression analyses examined the associations of ACEs (count and type) with pregnancy intentions, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Overall, 58.3% of pregnant women reported no ACEs, 19.1% reported one ACE, and 22.7% reported two or more ACEs; 76.2% reported wanting to get pregnant, 18.5% reported wanting to get pregnant but not at this time (i.e., mistimed pregnancy), and 5.2% reported not wanting to get pregnant at all (i.e., unwanted pregnancy). Having two or more (vs. 0) ACEs was associated with higher odds of an unwanted pregnancy (odds ratio, 2.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-5.68). Further, childhood loss of parent (odds ratio, 2.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-4.71) and neglect (odds ratio, 5.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.72-18.72) were each associated with higher odds of an unwanted pregnancy in separate analyses. ACEs count and type were not significantly associated with having a mistimed pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Among women screened for ACEs during standard prenatal care, ACEs were associated with increased odds of having an unwanted pregnancy, but not a mistimed pregnancy. Additional research is needed to better understand the mechanisms through which ACEs and other individual, social, and contextual factors impact pregnancy intentions to better support women and provide appropriate resources to help prevent unintended pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C Young-Wolff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California.
| | - Julia Wei
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Nicole Varnado
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Normelena Rios
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Pleasanton Medical Center, Pleasanton, California
| | - Mary Staunton
- Psychiatry, Kaiser Walnut Creek Medical Center, Walnut Creek, California
| | - Carey Watson
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Antioch Medical Center, Antioch, California
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Waddell N, Karatzias T. The relationship between interpersonal trauma and substance misuse in pregnancy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.12968/bjom.2019.27.9.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundThere is a strong body of evidence supporting associations between interpersonal trauma (IPT) and substance use; however, this tends to focus on associations between childhood trauma and substance use in non-pregnant populations. Neonatal and obstetric outcomes are poorer among pregnant women with problematic substance use, yet few studies have explored IPT as a possible mechanism underlying their use of substances.AimTo explore the literature regarding the relationship between IPT and substance misuse among pregnant women.MethodA systematic search of relevant databases was conducted and a narrative review of the literature was undertaken. Titles, abstracts and full articles were screened against inclusion criteria. Data were extracted and quality assessed.FindingsA total of 15 studies were identified that suggested associations between negative life events and substance misuse in pregnant women/new mothers.ConclusionsAlthough a link between IPT and substance misuse is suggested, this review has highlighted a number of important gaps in the literature that warrant further investigation. These include a paucity of UK-based studies, and a lack of research that fully explores possible associations between IPT and substance use in pregnant women. Moreover, research to date has employed quantitative methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Waddell
- Midwifery Lecturer/Researcher, School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University
| | - Thanos Karatzias
- Professor and Director of Research, School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University
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Berthelot N, Lemieux R, Lacharité C. Development of a prenatal program for adults with personal histories of childhood abuse or neglect: a Delphi consensus consultation study. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2018; 38:393-403. [PMID: 30430814 PMCID: PMC6262983 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.38.11.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pregnancy and the birth of a child present particular challenges for adults with personal histories of childhood abuse or neglect. However, few prenatal interventions address the specific needs of this population. This research aims to determine a list of actions that should be achieved during group interventions designed for expectant parents who experienced childhood trauma. METHODS Fifteen stakeholders representing nine different Quebec health care and community organizations that work with families and/or trauma survivors participated in a Delphi process in two rounds. In round 1, three project leaders identified, from clinical and empirical literature, a set of 36 actions relevant for expectant parents who experienced childhood trauma. Using an anonymized online survey, stakeholders coded how important they considered each action and whether they were already conducting similar interventions in their clinical setting. Stakeholders subsequently participated in a one-day in-person meeting during which they discussed the pertinence of each action, proposed new ones and refined them. This was followed by a second anonymized online survey (round 2). A consensus was reached among the stakeholders regarding a final list of 22 actions. RESULTS Two central clusters of actions emerged from the consultation process: actions aiming to support mentalization about self and parenthood, and actions aiming to support mentalization of trauma. CONCLUSION The Delphi process helped to identify what should be the core of a prenatal intervention targeting adults who experienced childhood trauma, from the viewpoint of professionals who will ultimately deliver such a program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Berthelot
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roxanne Lemieux
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carl Lacharité
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
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Young-Wolff KC, Alabaster A, McCaw B, Stoller N, Watson C, Sterling S, Ridout KK, Flanagan T. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Mental and Behavioral Health Conditions During Pregnancy: The Role of Resilience. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2018; 28:452-461. [PMID: 30183473 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2018.7108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about how exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and protective factors, such as resilience, influence prenatal mental and behavioral health. This study examined associations between exposure to ACEs and mental and behavioral health during pregnancy overall and among women with high versus low levels of resilience. MATERIALS AND METHODS Women in two Kaiser Permanente Northern California medical centers were screened for ACEs and resilience during prenatal care (∼14-23 weeks of gestation; N = 355). Multivariable logistic regression analyses examined associations between ACEs and prenatal mental and behavioral health conditions overall and for women with low (≤32) versus high (>32) resilience on the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. RESULTS Overall, 54% of women reported 0 ACEs, 28% 1-2 ACEs, and 18% 3+ ACEs. Relative to women with 0 ACEs, those with 1-2 ACEs had higher odds of an anxiety or depressive disorder and intimate partner violence (IPV) (odds ratios [ORs] 2.42-3.12, p < 0.05), and those with 3+ ACEs had higher odds of an anxiety or depressive disorder, depression symptoms, and IPV (ORs 3.08-4.71, p < 0.05). In stratified analyses by high (56%) and low (44%) resilience, having one or more ACEs (vs. 0 ACEs) was only associated with worse mental and behavioral health in women with low resilience. CONCLUSIONS ACEs predicted mental and behavioral health conditions among pregnant women, and associations were the strongest among women with low levels of current resilience. Longitudinal research is needed to understand the causal mechanisms underlying these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C Young-Wolff
- 1 Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Amy Alabaster
- 1 Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Brigid McCaw
- 2 Family Violence Prevention Program, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Nicole Stoller
- 1 Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Carey Watson
- 3 Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Antioch Medical Center, Antioch, California
| | - Stacy Sterling
- 1 Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Kathryn K Ridout
- 4 Department of Psychiatry, Kaiser Permanente San Jose, San Jose, California
| | - Tracy Flanagan
- 5 The Permanente Medical Group, Regional Offices, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
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Mahenge B, Stöckl H, Mizinduko M, Mazalale J, Jahn A. Adverse childhood experiences and intimate partner violence during pregnancy and their association to postpartum depression. J Affect Disord 2018; 229:159-163. [PMID: 29310065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and intimate partner violence (IPV) are recognized global health problems. Both ACEs and IPV have been linked to adverse physical and mental health problems for both mothers and infants. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of physical and/or sexual ACEs and IPV and their association to symptoms of postpartum depression among postpartum women in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in three health centers in the three districts of Dar es Salaam, comprising Ilala, Kinondoni and Temeke. A total of 500 women were interviewed by two trained midwife nurses during their routine postnatal care. The women were asked about their experiences of adverse childhood experiences, intimate partner violence and symptoms of postpartum depression. RESULTS Of the 500 women who were interviewed, 39.4% (n = 197) reported to have experienced physical and/or sexual ACE and 18.8% (n = 94) experienced physical and/or sexual IPV during their index pregnancy. Physical ACE (AOR 2.6, 95% CI: 1.50-4.57), sexual ACE (AOR 2.7, 95% CI: 1.35-5.41), physical IPV (AOR 5.8, 95% CI: 2.98-11.43) and Sexual IPV (AOR 5.5, 95%CI: 2.51, 12.09) were significantly associated with symptoms of postpartum depression. CONCLUSION Four out of ten women reported to have experienced ACEs and two out of ten women reported IPV in the index pregnancy which was significantly associated with symptoms of postpartum depression. These results are alarming and call upon the attention of health workers and the community at large in prevention, screening and early intervention of ACEs, IPV and symptoms of postpartum depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bathsheba Mahenge
- College of Health Sciences, University of Dodoma, P.O Box 395, Dodoma, Tanzania.
| | - Heidi Stöckl
- Gender Violence & Health Centre, Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mucho Mizinduko
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Albrecht Jahn
- Institute for Public Health, Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Gatuguta A, Katusiime B, Seeley J, Colombini M, Mwanzo I, Devries K. Should community health workers offer support healthcare services to survivors of sexual violence? a systematic review. BMC INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS 2017; 17:28. [PMID: 29025398 PMCID: PMC5639742 DOI: 10.1186/s12914-017-0137-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Sexual violence is widespread, yet relatively few survivors receive healthcare or complete treatment. In low and middle-income countries, community health workers (CHWs) have the potential to provide support services to large numbers of survivors. The aim of this review was to document the role of CHWs in sexual violence services. We aimed to: 1) describe existing models of CHWs services including characteristics of CHWs, services delivered and populations served; 2) explore acceptability of CHWs’ services to survivors and feasibility of delivering such services; and 3) document the benefits and challenges of CHW-provided sexual violence services. Methods Quantitative and qualitative studies reporting on CHWs and other community-level paraprofessional volunteer services for sexual violence were eligible for inclusion. CHWs and sexual violence were defined according to WHO criteria. The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Quality of included studies was assessed using two quality assessment tools for quantitative, and, the methodology checklist by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence for qualitative studies. Data were extracted and analysed separately for quantitative and qualitative studies and results integrated using a framework approach. Results Seven studies conducted in six countries (Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Burma, United States of America, Scotland, Israel) met the inclusion criteria. Different models of care had diverse CHWs roles including awareness creation, identifying, educating and building relationships with survivors, psychosocial support and follow up. Although sociocultural factors may influence CHWs’ performance and willingness of survivors to use their services, studies often did not report on CHWs characteristics. Few studies assessed acceptability of CHWs’ to survivors or feasibility of delivery of services. However, participants mentioned a range of benefits including decreased incidence of violence, CHWs being trusted, approachable, non-judgmental and compassionate. Challenges identified were high workload, confidentiality issues and community norms influencing performance. Conclusions There is a dearth of research on CHWs services for sexual violence. Findings suggest that involving CHWs may be beneficial, but potential challenges and harms related to CHW-provided services exist. No different models of CHW-provided care have been robustly evaluated for effects on patient outcomes. Further research to establish survivors’ views on these services, and, their effectiveness is desperately needed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12914-017-0137-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gatuguta
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK. .,Department of Community Health, School of Public Health, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Barbra Katusiime
- Mbarara University of Science & Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.,Department of Pharmacy, Kent University, Kent, UK
| | - Janet Seeley
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Manuela Colombini
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Isaac Mwanzo
- Department of Community Health, School of Public Health, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Karen Devries
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
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Ludermir AB, de Araújo TVB, Valongueiro SA, Muniz MLC, Silva EP. Previous experience of family violence and intimate partner violence in pregnancy. Rev Saude Publica 2017; 51:85. [PMID: 28954164 PMCID: PMC5602278 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2017051006700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate differential associations between the exposure to violence in the family of origin and victimization and perpetration of intimate partner violence in pregnancy. METHODS A nested case-control study was carried out within a cohort study with 1,120 pregnant women aged 18-49 years old, who were registered in the Family Health Strategy of the city of Recife, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, between 2005 and 2006. The cases were the 233 women who reported intimate partner violence in pregnancy and the controls were the 499 women who did not report it. Partner violence in pregnancy and previous experiences of violence committed by parents or other family members were assessed with a standardized questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were modeled to identify differential associations between the exposure to violence in the family of origin and victimization and perpetration of intimate partner violence in pregnancy. RESULTS Having seen the mother suffer intimate partner violence was associated with physical violence in childhood (OR = 2.62; 95%CI 1.89-3.63) and in adolescence (OR = 1.47; 95%CI 1.01-2.13), sexual violence in childhood (OR = 3.28; 95%CI 1.68-6.38) and intimate partner violence during pregnancy (OR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.01 - 2.12). The intimate partner violence during pregnancy was frequent in women who reported more episodes of physical violence in childhood (OR = 2.08; 95%CI 1.43-3.02) and adolescence (OR = 1.63; 95%CI 1.07-2.47), who suffered sexual violence in childhood (OR = 3.92; 95%CI 1.86-8.27), and who perpetrated violence against the partner (OR = 8.67; 95%CI 4.57-16.45). CONCLUSIONS Experiences of violence committed by parents or other family members emerge as strong risk factors for intimate partner violence in pregnancy. Identifying and understanding protective and risk factors for the emergence of intimate partner violence in pregnancy and its maintenance may help policymakers and health service managers to develop intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bernarda Ludermir
- Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Recife, PE, Brasil
| | | | - Sandra Alves Valongueiro
- Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Maria Luísa Corrêa Muniz
- Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Elisabete Pereira Silva
- Departamento Materno Infantil. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Recife, PE, Brasil
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16
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Hauff NJ, Fry-McComish J, Chiodo LM. Cumulative trauma and partner conflict predict post-traumatic stress disorder in postpartum African-American women. J Clin Nurs 2017; 26:2372-2383. [PMID: 27271531 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE To describe relationships between cumulative trauma, partner conflict and post-traumatic stress in African-American postpartum women. BACKGROUND Cumulative trauma exposure estimates for women in the USA range from 51-69%. During pregnancy, most trauma research has focused on physical injury to the mother. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with trauma and more prevalent in African-American women than women of other groups. Knowledge about both the rate and impact of cumulative trauma on pregnancy may contribute to our understanding of women seeking prenatal care, and disparities in infant morbidity and mortality. DESIGN This retrospective, correlational, cross-sectional study took place on postpartum units of two Detroit hospitals. Participants were 150 African-American women aged between 18-45 who had given birth. METHODS Mothers completed the Cumulative Trauma Scale, Conflict Tactics Scale, Clinician Administered Post-traumatic Stress Scale, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and a Demographic Data form. Descriptive statistics, correlations and multiple regressions were used for data analysis. RESULTS All participants reported at least one traumatic event in their lifetime. Cumulative trauma and partner conflict predicted PTSD, with the trauma of a life-threatening event for a loved one reported by 60% of the sample. Nearly, one-fourth of the women screened were at risk for PTSD. Increased cumulative trauma, increased partner conflict and lower level of education were related to higher rates of PTSD symptoms. CONCLUSION Both cumulative trauma and partner conflict in the past year predict PTSD. Reasoning was used most often for partner conflict resolution. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The results of this study offer additional knowledge regarding relationships between cumulative trauma, partner conflict and PTSD in African-American women. Healthcare providers need to be sensitive to patient life-threatening events, personal failures, abuse and other types of trauma. Current evidence supports the need to assess for post-traumatic stress symptoms during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy J Hauff
- Family, Community, and Mental Health, College of Nursing, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Judith Fry-McComish
- Family, Community, and Mental Health, College of Nursing, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lisa M Chiodo
- College of Nursing, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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Nelson DB, Zhao H, Corrado R, Mastrogiannnis DM, Lepore SJ. Preventing Unintended Pregnancy Among Young Sexually Active Women: Recognizing the Role of Violence, Self-Esteem, and Depressive Symptoms on Use of Contraception. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2017; 26:352-360. [PMID: 28045570 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2016.5753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ineffective contraceptive use among young sexually active women is extremely prevalent and poses a significant risk for unintended pregnancy (UP). Ineffective contraception involves the use of the withdrawal method or the inconsistent use of other types of contraception (i.e., condoms and birth control pills). This investigation examined violence exposure and psychological factors related to ineffective contraceptive use among young sexually active women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Young, nonpregnant sexually active women (n = 315) were recruited from an urban family planning clinic in 2013 to participate in a longitudinal study. Tablet-based surveys measured childhood violence, community-level violence, intimate partner violence, depressive symptoms, and self-esteem. Follow-up surveys measured type and consistency of contraception used 9 months later. Multivariate logistic regression models assessed violence and psychological risk factors as main effects and moderators related to ineffective compared with effective use of contraception. RESULTS The multivariate logistic regression model showed that childhood sexual violence and low self-esteem were significantly related to ineffective use of contraception (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.69, confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.18-6.17, and aOR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.28-0.93; respectively), although self-esteem did not moderate the relationship between childhood sexual violence and ineffective use of contraception (aOR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.08-1.84). Depressive symptoms were not related to ineffective use of contraception in the multivariate model. CONCLUSIONS Interventions to reduce UP should recognize the long-term effects of childhood sexual violence and address the role of low self-esteem on the ability of young sexually active women to effectively and consistently use contraception to prevent UP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah B Nelson
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Ob/Gyn, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- 2 Department of of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rachel Corrado
- 3 Applied Public Health Informatics Fellow, Division of Informatics, Information Technology and Telecommunication Centers for Disease Control , New York, New York
| | | | - Stephen J Lepore
- 5 Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Frankenberger DJ, Clements-Nolle K, Yang W. The Association between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Alcohol Use during Pregnancy in a Representative Sample of Adult Women. Womens Health Issues 2015; 25:688-95. [PMID: 26227209 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on adult alcohol consumption is well-established, but little is known about the association with alcohol use during pregnancy. METHODS Using data from the 2010 Nevada Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we assessed the relationship between ACEs and alcohol use during pregnancy in a representative sample of 1,987 adult women. An established ACEs scale was used to assess a range of childhood physical, emotional, and sexual abuse and household dysfunction (range, 0-8). Weighted logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between ACE scores and alcohol use during pregnancy after controlling for drinking before pregnancy and other covariates. RESULTS Six percent of participants reported drinking alcohol during pregnancy. After controlling for race/ethnicity, age, employment status, smoking status, and prepregnancy alcohol use, increasing ACEs were positively associated with higher odds of alcohol use during pregnancy (1 ACE: adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.92; 95% CI, 1.08-7.87), (2-3 ACEs: AOR, 3.52; 95% CI, 1.46-8.48), and (≥4 ACEs: AOR, 4.79; 95% CI, 2.14-10.72). Prepregnancy drinking was also strongly associated with alcohol use during pregnancy (AOR, 11.95; 95% CI, 5.02-28.43). CONCLUSIONS We found evidence of a dose-response relationship between ACEs and alcohol use during pregnancy that remained even after controlling for prepregnancy drinking and other covariates. Screening women of childbearing age as well as pregnant women for ACEs may be an effective way to identify and address many of the emotional, behavioral, and physical sequelae of childhood adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Frankenberger
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada
| | - Kristen Clements-Nolle
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada.
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada
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Sirois M, Berthelot N, Drouin-Maziade C, Germain P, Martel MJ. [Child abuse and parenting]. SOINS. PEDIATRIE, PUERICULTURE 2015; 36:44-47. [PMID: 26145302 DOI: 10.1016/j.spp.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Maltreatment suffered during childhood has long-term consequences which risk impacting on parenthood. Supporting victims of violence in childhood as they adapt to parenthood represents a challenge for health professionals working in perinatal services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Sirois
- Département des sciences infirmières, Université du Québec, CP 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada/G9A 5H7
| | - Nicolas Berthelot
- Département des sciences infirmières, Université du Québec, CP 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada/G9A 5H7.
| | - Christine Drouin-Maziade
- Département des sciences infirmières, Université du Québec, CP 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada/G9A 5H7
| | - Patricia Germain
- Département des sciences infirmières, Université du Québec, CP 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada/G9A 5H7
| | - Marie-Josée Martel
- Département des sciences infirmières, Université du Québec, CP 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada/G9A 5H7
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20
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Association of childhood physical and sexual abuse with intimate partner violence, poor general health and depressive symptoms among pregnant women. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116609. [PMID: 25635902 PMCID: PMC4312043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We examined associations of childhood physical and sexual abuse with risk of intimate partner violence (IPV). We also evaluated the extent to which childhood abuse was associated with self-reported general health status and symptoms of antepartum depression in a cohort of pregnant Peruvian women. Methods In-person interviews were conducted to collect information regarding history of childhood abuse and IPV from 1,521 women during early pregnancy. Antepartum depressive symptomatology was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Multivariable logistic regression procedures were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results Any childhood abuse was associated with 2.2-fold increased odds of lifetime IPV (95%CI: 1.72–2.83). Compared with women who reported no childhood abuse, those who reported both, childhood physical and sexual abuse had a 7.14-fold lifetime risk of physical and sexual IPV (95%CI: 4.15–12.26). The odds of experiencing physical and sexual abuse by an intimate partner in the past year was 3.33-fold higher among women with a history of childhood physical and sexual abuse as compared to women who were not abused as children (95%CI 1.60–6.89). Childhood abuse was associated with higher odds of self-reported poor health status during early pregnancy (aOR = 1.32, 95%CI: 1.04–1.68) and with symptoms of antepartum depression (aOR = 2.07, 95%CI: 1.58–2.71). Conclusion These data indicate that childhood sexual and physical abuse is associated with IPV, poor general health and depressive symptoms in early pregnancy. The high prevalence of childhood trauma and its enduring effects of on women’s health warrant concerted global health efforts in preventing violence.
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Alvarez-Segura M, Garcia-Esteve L, Torres A, Plaza A, Imaz ML, Hermida-Barros L, San L, Burtchen N. Are women with a history of abuse more vulnerable to perinatal depressive symptoms? A systematic review. Arch Womens Ment Health 2014; 17:343-57. [PMID: 25005865 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-014-0440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to examine the association between maternal lifetime abuse and perinatal depressive symptoms. Papers included in this review were identified through electronic searches of the following databases: Pubmed Medline and Ovid, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library. Each database was searched from its start date through 1 September 2011. Keywords such as "postpartum," "perinatal," "prenatal," "depression," "violence," "child abuse," and "partner abuse" were included in the purview of MeSH terms. Studies that examined the association between maternal lifetime abuse and perinatal depression were included. A total of 545 studies were included in the initial screening. Forty-three articles met criteria for inclusion and were incorporated in this review. Quality of articles was evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa-Scale (NOS). This systematic review indicates a positive association between maternal lifetime abuse and depressive symptoms in the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alvarez-Segura
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, CIBERSAM, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain,
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22
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Munro ML, Foster Rietz M, Seng JS. Comprehensive care and pregnancy: the unmet care needs of pregnant women with a history of rape. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2012; 33:882-96. [PMID: 23215990 PMCID: PMC3763823 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2012.731136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This paper proposes a framework for assessing the unmet needs of rape survivors during pregnancy based on the Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) practice level theory and an empirical exploration of rape survivors' health status in pregnancy via a secondary analysis. Our findings indicate that there may be unmet needs in pregnancy related to all five post-assault comprehensive care components: (1) physical care, (2) pregnancy prevention, (3) sexually transmitted infection screening, (4) psychological care, and (5) legal care. Rape history and its current impact on the survivor predicted somatic disorders, substance use, unwanted pregnancy, infections, posttraumatic stress disorder, and recent abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Munro
- University of Michigan, School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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