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Liu X, Yang S, Sun M, Gao AX, Fan Z, Yang Y, Zheng P, Liu C, Li Y, Bai Z. Enhanced molecular stability of ApxII antigen during secretion in Corynebacterium glutamicum by rational design. J Biotechnol 2024; 394:73-84. [PMID: 39173715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
ApxII is a vaccine antigen used to protect against porcine contagious pleuropneumonia, which is a significant threat to the pig industry. Here, we aimed to improve the proteolytic degradation stability of ApxII during its secretion by establishing a complete screening process of stable variants through bioinformatics and site-directed mutagenesis. We employed a combination of semi-rational and rational design strategies to create 34 single-point variants of ApxII. Among them, R114E and T115D variants exhibited better stability without compromising antigen activity. Furthermore, we constructed a multi-site variant, R114E/T115D, which demonstrated the best stability, activity, and yield. Protein stability and molecular dynamic analysis indicated that the greater solubility and lower structural expansion coefficient might explain the increased stability of R114E/T115D. Additionally, site T115 was identified as a key point of truncated ApxII stability. The R114E/T115D variant, with its proven stability and intact antigenic activity, holds promising prospects for industrial-scale applications in the prevention of porcine contagious pleuropneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214112, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shujie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214112, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Manman Sun
- Key laboratory of high magnetic field and Ion beam physical biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Alex Xiong Gao
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ziming Fan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214112, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yankun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214112, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Pei Zheng
- Tecon Biology CO.Ltd, Urumqi 83000, China
| | - Chunli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214112, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214112, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214112, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Wang S, Zhao K, Chen Z, Liu D, Tang S, Sun C, Chen H, Wang Y, Wu C. Halicin: A New Horizon in Antibacterial Therapy against Veterinary Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:492. [PMID: 38927159 PMCID: PMC11200678 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
It is crucial to discover novel antimicrobial drugs to combat resistance. This study investigated the antibacterial properties of halicin (SU3327), an AI-identified anti-diabetic drug, against 13 kinds of common clinical pathogens of animal origin, including multidrug-resistant strains. Employing minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assessments, halicin demonstrated a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect. Time-killing assays revealed its concentration-dependent bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (E. coli ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (S. aureus ATCC 29213), and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae S6 (APP S6) after 4 h of treatment at concentrations above the MIC. Halicin exhibited longer post-antibiotic effects (PAEs) and sub-MIC effects (PA-SMEs) for E. coli 25922, S. aureus 29213, and APP S6 compared to ceftiofur and ciprofloxacin, the commonly used veterinary antimicrobial agents, indicating sustained antibacterial action. Additionally, the results of consecutive passaging experiments over 40 d at sub-inhibitory concentrations showed that bacteria exhibited difficulty in developing resistance to halicin. Toxicology studies confirmed that halicin exhibited low acute toxicity, being non-mutagenic, non-reproductive-toxic, and non-genotoxic. Blood biochemical results suggested that halicin has no significant impact on hematological parameters, liver function, and kidney function. Furthermore, halicin effectively treated respiratory A. pleuropneumoniae infections in murine models. These results underscore the potential of halicin as a new antibacterial agent with applications against clinically relevant pathogens in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuge Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (S.W.); (K.Z.); (Z.C.); (D.L.); (S.T.); (C.S.)
| | - Ke Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (S.W.); (K.Z.); (Z.C.); (D.L.); (S.T.); (C.S.)
| | - Ziqi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (S.W.); (K.Z.); (Z.C.); (D.L.); (S.T.); (C.S.)
| | - Dejun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (S.W.); (K.Z.); (Z.C.); (D.L.); (S.T.); (C.S.)
| | - Shusheng Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (S.W.); (K.Z.); (Z.C.); (D.L.); (S.T.); (C.S.)
| | - Chengtao Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (S.W.); (K.Z.); (Z.C.); (D.L.); (S.T.); (C.S.)
| | - Hongliang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China;
- Xiamen Vangenes Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361006, China
| | - Yang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (S.W.); (K.Z.); (Z.C.); (D.L.); (S.T.); (C.S.)
| | - Congming Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (S.W.); (K.Z.); (Z.C.); (D.L.); (S.T.); (C.S.)
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3
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Guarneri F, Romeo C, Scali F, Zoppi S, Formenti N, Maisano AM, Catania S, Gottschalk M, Alborali GL. Serotype diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolated in Italian pig farms from 2015 to 2022. Vet Res 2024; 55:48. [PMID: 38594744 PMCID: PMC11005290 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is a bacterium frequently associated with porcine pleuropneumonia. The acute form of the disease is highly contagious and often fatal, resulting in significant economic losses for pig farmers. Serotype diversity and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of APP strains circulating in north Italian farms from 2015 to 2022 were evaluated retrospectively to investigate APP epidemiology in the area. A total of 572 strains isolated from outbreaks occurring in 337 different swine farms were analysed. The majority of isolates belonged to serotypes 9/11 (39.2%) and 2 (28.1%) and serotype diversity increased during the study period, up to nine different serotypes isolated in 2022. The most common resistances were against tetracycline (53% of isolates) and ampicillin (33%), followed by enrofloxacin, florfenicol and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (23% each). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was common, with a third of isolates showing resistance to more than three antimicrobial classes. Resistance to the different classes and MDR varied significantly depending on the serotype. In particular, the widespread serotype 9/11 was strongly associated with florfenicol and enrofloxacin resistance and showed the highest proportion of MDR isolates. Serotype 5, although less common, showed instead a concerning proportion of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance. Our results highlight how the typing of circulating serotypes and the analysis of their antimicrobial susceptibility profile are crucial to effectively manage APP infection and improve antimicrobial stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Guarneri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Romeo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy.
- Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Federico Scali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Simona Zoppi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Formenti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Marco Maisano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - G Loris Alborali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
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Sun M, Gao AX, Li A, Ledesma-Amaro R, Wang P, Chen W, Bai Z, Liu X. Hyper-production of porcine contagious pleuropneumonia subunit vaccine proteins in Escherichia coli by developing a bicistronic T7 expression system. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300187. [PMID: 38178735 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The ApxII toxin and the outer membrane lipoprotein (Oml) of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae are important vaccine antigens against porcine contagious pleuropneumonia (PCP), a prevalent infectious disease affecting the swine industry worldwide. Previous studies have reported the recombinant expression of ApxII and Oml in Escherichia coli; however, their yields were not satisfactory. Here, we aimed to enhance the production of ApxII and Oml by constructing a bicistronic expression system based on the widely used T7 promoter. To create efficient T7 bicistronic expression cassettes, 16 different fore-cistron sequences were introduced downstream of the T7 promoter. The expression of three vaccine antigens Oml1, Oml7, and ApxII in the four strongest bicistronic vectors were enhanced compared to the monocistronic control. Further optimization of the fermentation conditions in micro-well plates (MWP) led to improved production. Finally, the production yields reached unprecedented levels of 2.43 g L-1 of Oml1, 2.59 g L-1 of Oml7, and 1.21 g L-1 of ApxII, in a 5 L bioreactor. These three antigens also demonstrated well-protective immunity against A. pleuropneumoniae infection. In conclusion, this study establishes an efficient bicistronic T7 expression system that can be used to express recombinant proteins in E. coli and achieves the hyper-production of PCP vaccine proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Bioengineering and Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Alex Xiong Gao
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - An Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Department of Bioengineering and Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Wenchao Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiuxia Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Zhang Q, Peng L, Han W, Chen H, Tang H, Chen X, Langford PR, Huang Q, Zhou R, Li L. The morphology and metabolic changes of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae during its growth as a biofilm. Vet Res 2023; 54:42. [PMID: 37237397 PMCID: PMC10224306 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is an important swine respiratory pathogen. Previous studies have suggested that growth as a biofilm is a natural state of A. pleuropneumoniae infection. To understand the survival features involved in the biofilm state, the growth features, morphology and gene expression profiles of planktonic and biofilm A. pleuropneumoniae were compared. A. pleuropneumoniae in biofilms showed reduced viability but maintained the presence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) after late log-phase. Under the microscope, bacteria in biofilms formed dense aggregated structures that were connected by abundant EPS, with reduced condensed chromatin. By construction of Δpga and ΔdspB mutants, polymeric β-1,6-linked N-acetylglucosamine and dispersin B were confirmed to be critical for normal biofilm formation. RNA-seq analysis indicated that, compared to their planktonic counterparts, A. pleuropneumoniae in biofilms had an extensively altered transcriptome. Carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism and translation were significantly repressed, while fermentation and genes contributing to EPS synthesis and translocation were up-regulated. The regulators Fnr (HlyX) and Fis were found to be up-regulated and their binding motifs were identified in the majority of the differentially expressed genes, suggesting their coordinated global role in regulating biofilm metabolism. By comparing the transcriptome of wild-type biofilm and Δpga, the utilization of oligosaccharides, iron and sulfur and fermentation were found to be important in adhesion and aggregation during biofilm formation. Additionally, when used as inocula, biofilm bacteria showed reduced virulence in mouse, compared with planktonic grown cells. Thus, these results have identified new facets of A. pleuropneumoniae biofilm maintenance and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Weiyao Han
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiabing Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Qi Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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Sun M, Gao AX, Ledesma-Amaro R, Li A, Wang R, Nie J, Zheng P, Yang Y, Bai Z, Liu X. Hypersecretion of OmlA antigen in Corynebacterium glutamicum through high-throughput based development process. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2953-2967. [PMID: 35435456 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11918-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Outer membrane lipoprotein A (OmlA) is a vaccine antigen against porcine contagious pleuropneumonia (PCP), a disease severely affecting the swine industry. Here, we aimed to systematically potentiate the secretory production of OmlA in Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. glutamicum), a widely used microorganism in the food industry, by establishing a holistic development process based on our high-throughput culture platform. The expression patterns, expression element combinations, medium composition, and induction conditions were comprehensively screened or optimized in microwell plates (MWPs), followed by fermentation parameter optimization in a 4 × 1 L parallel fermentation system (CUBER4). An unprecedented yield of 1.01 g/L OmlA was ultimately achieved in a 5-L bioreactor following the scaling-up strategy of fixed oxygen mass transfer coefficient (kLa), and the produced OmlA antigen showed well-protective immunity against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae challenge. This result provides a rapid and reliable pipeline to achieve the hyper-production of OmlA, and possibly other recombinant vaccines, in C. glutamicum. KEY POINTS: • Established a holistic development process and applied it to potentiate the secretion of OmlA. • The secretion of OmlA reached an unprecedented yield of 1.01 g/L. • The recombinant OmlA antigen induced efficient protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214112, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Alex Xiong Gao
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Department of Bioengineering and Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - An Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214112, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Rongbin Wang
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Jianqi Nie
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214112, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Pei Zheng
- Tecon Biology CO.Ltd, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Yankun Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214112, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214112, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiuxia Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214112, China.
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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7
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Hennig-Pauka I, Hartmann M, Merkel J, Kreienbrock L. Coinfections and Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Strains Isolated From Diseased Swine in North Western Germany-Temporal Patterns in Samples From Routine Laboratory Practice From 2006 to 2020. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:802570. [PMID: 35155648 PMCID: PMC8831912 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.802570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is one major bacterial porcine respiratory tract pathogen causing disease outbreaks worldwide, although effective commercial vaccines are available. Due to frequent failure of this preventive measure, treatment with antimicrobials is indispensable to prevent animal losses within an outbreak situation. To preserve the effectivity of antimicrobial substances to fight APP should therefore be the primary aim of any interventions. In this study, the temporal development of antimicrobial resistance in APP was analyzed retrospectively in the time period 2006-2020 from a routine diagnostic database. In parallel, frequent coinfections were evaluated to identify most important biotic cofactors as important triggers for disease outbreaks in endemically infected herds. The proportion of APP serotype 2 decreased over time but was isolated most often from diseased swine (57% in 2020). In ~1% of the cases, APP was isolated from body sites outside the respiratory tract as brain and joints. The lowest frequencies of resistant isolates were found for cephalothin and ceftiofur (0.18%), florfenicol (0.24%), tilmicosin (2.4%), tiamulin (2.4%), enrofloxacin (2.7%), and spectinomycin (3.6%), while the highest frequencies of resistant isolates were found for gentamicin (30.9%), penicillin (51.5%), and tetracycline (78.2%). For enrofloxacin, tiamulin, tilmicosin, and tetracycline, significantly lower frequencies of resistant isolates were found in the time period 2015-2020 compared to 2006-2014, while gentamicin-resistant isolates increased. In summary, there is only a low risk of treatment failure due to resistant isolates. In maximum, up to six coinfecting pathogens were identified in pigs positive for APP. Most often pigs were coinfected with Porcine Circovirus 2 (56%), Streptococcus suis (24.8%), or the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (23.3%). Potential synergistic effects between these pathogens published from experimental findings can be hypothesized by these field data as well. To prevent APP disease outbreaks in endemically infected herds more efficiently in the future, next to environmental trigger factors, preventive measures must also address the coinfecting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Hennig-Pauka
- Field Station for Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bakum, Germany
| | - Maria Hartmann
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training for Health at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jörg Merkel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lothar Kreienbrock
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training for Health at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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8
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da Silva GC, Gonçalves OS, Rosa JN, França KC, Bossé JT, Santana MF, Langford PR, Bazzolli DMS. Mobile Genetic Elements Drive Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Spread in Pasteurellaceae Species. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:773284. [PMID: 35069478 PMCID: PMC8777487 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.773284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) drive important ecological relationships in microbial communities and pathogen-host interaction. In this study, we investigated the resistome-associated mobilome in 345 publicly available Pasteurellaceae genomes, a large family of Gram-negative bacteria including major human and animal pathogens. We generated a comprehensive dataset of the mobilome integrated into genomes, including 10,820 insertion sequences, 2,939 prophages, and 43 integrative and conjugative elements. Also, we assessed plasmid sequences of Pasteurellaceae. Our findings greatly expand the diversity of MGEs for the family, including a description of novel elements. We discovered that MGEs are comparable and dispersed across species and that they also co-occur in genomes, contributing to the family's ecology via gene transfer. In addition, we investigated the impact of these elements in the dissemination and shaping of AMR genes. A total of 55 different AMR genes were mapped to 721 locations in the dataset. MGEs are linked with 77.6% of AMR genes discovered, indicating their important involvement in the acquisition and transmission of such genes. This study provides an uncharted view of the Pasteurellaceae by demonstrating the global distribution of resistance genes linked with MGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giarlã Cunha da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Bactérias, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Osiel Silva Gonçalves
- Grupo de Genômica Evolutiva Microbiana, Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Nogueira Rosa
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Bactérias, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Kiara Campos França
- Grupo de Genômica Evolutiva Microbiana, Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Janine Thérèse Bossé
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mateus Ferreira Santana
- Grupo de Genômica Evolutiva Microbiana, Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Paul Richard Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Denise Mara Soares Bazzolli
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Bactérias, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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9
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Vaillancourt K, Frenette M, Gottschalk M, Grenier D. Streptococcus pluranimalium 2N12 Exerts an Antagonistic Effect Against the Swine Pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by Producing Hydrogen Peroxide. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:787241. [PMID: 34957284 PMCID: PMC8692661 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.787241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causal agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious and often deadly respiratory disease that causes major economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. The aim of the present study was to investigate the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-dependent antagonistic activity of Streptococcus pluranimalium 2N12 (pig nasal isolate) against A. pleuropneumoniae. A fluorimetric assay showed that S. pluranimalium produces H2O2 dose- and time-dependently. The production of H2O2 increased in the presence of exogenous lactate, suggesting the involvement of lactate oxidase. All 20 strains of A. pleuropneumoniae tested, belonging to 18 different serovars, were susceptible to H2O2, with minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations ranging from 0.57 to 2.3 mM. H2O2, as well as a culture supernatant of S. pluranimalium, killed planktonic cells of A. pleuropneumoniae. Treating the culture supernatant with catalase abolished its bactericidal property. H2O2 was also active against a pre-formed biofilm-like structure of A. pleuropneumoniae albeit to a lesser extent. A checkerboard assay was used to show that there were antibacterial synergistic interactions between H2O2 and conventional antibiotics, more particularly ceftiofur. Based on our results and within the limitations of this in vitro study, the production of H2O2 by S. pluranimalium could be regarded as a potential protective mechanism of the upper respiratory tract against H2O2-sensitive pathogens such as A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Vaillancourt
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Frenette
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Nature et Technologies, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Nature et Technologies, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Nature et Technologies, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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10
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Ma X, Zheng B, Wang J, Li G, Cao S, Wen Y, Huang X, Zuo Z, Zhong Z, Gu Y. Quinolone Resistance of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Revealed through Genome and Transcriptome Analyses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810036. [PMID: 34576206 PMCID: PMC8472844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a pathogen that infects pigs and poses a serious threat to the pig industry. The emergence of quinolone-resistant strains of A.pleuropneumoniae further limits the choice of treatment. However, the mechanisms behind quinolone resistance in A.pleuropneumoniae remain unclear. The genomes of a ciprofloxacin-resistant strain, A. pleuropneumoniae SC1810 and its isogenic drug-sensitive counterpart were sequenced and analyzed using various bioinformatics tools, revealing 559 differentially expressed genes. The biological membrane, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes and quinolone resistance-determining region were detected. Upregulated expression of efflux pump genes led to ciprofloxacin resistance. The expression of two porins, OmpP2B and LamB, was significantly downregulated in the mutant. Three nonsynonymous mutations in the mutant strain disrupted the water–metal ion bridge, subsequently reducing the affinity of the quinolone–enzyme complex for metal ions and leading to cross-resistance to multiple quinolones. The mechanism of quinolone resistance in A. pleuropneumoniae may involve inhibition of expression of the outer membrane protein genes ompP2B and lamB to decrease drug influx, overexpression of AcrB in the efflux pump to enhance its drug-pumping ability, and mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region to weaken the binding of the remaining drugs. These findings will provide new potential targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.M.); (B.Z.); (J.W.); (G.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Bowen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.M.); (B.Z.); (J.W.); (G.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jiafan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.M.); (B.Z.); (J.W.); (G.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Gen Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.M.); (B.Z.); (J.W.); (G.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- Bioengineering Department, Sichuan Water Conservancy Vocational College, Chengdu 611231, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.W.); (X.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.M.); (B.Z.); (J.W.); (G.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.M.); (B.Z.); (J.W.); (G.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yu Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (Y.G.)
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11
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Nobrega DB, Calarga AP, Nascimento LC, Chande Vasconcelos CG, de Lima EM, Langoni H, Brocchi M. Molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Brazilian dairy herds. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:7210-7224. [PMID: 33773789 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this observational study, phenotypic and genotypic patterns of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from intramammary infections, clinical mastitis, fresh feces, rectal swabs, animal hindlimbs, and bulk tank milk samples from Brazilian dairy herds were investigated. In addition, we identified specific genetic variants present among extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers. We obtained 169 isolates of K. pneumoniae from 2009 to 2011 on 24 Brazilian dairy farms located in 4 Brazilian states. The AMR profile of all isolates was determined using disk-diffusion assays. The antimicrobial panel included drugs commonly used as mastitis treatment in Brazilian dairy herds (gentamicin, cephalosporins, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, tetracycline) as well as antimicrobials of critical importance for human health (meropenem, ceftazidime, fluoroquinolones). The K. pneumoniae isolates resistant to tetracycline, fluoroquinolones, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, or chloramphenicol were screened for presence of drug-specific AMR genes [tet, qnr, aac(6')-Ib, floR, catA2, cm1A, dfr, sul] using PCR. In addition, we identified ESBL genes present among ESBL-producers by using whole genome sequencing. Genomes were assembled and annotated, and patterns of AMR genes were investigated. Resistance was commonly detected against tetracycline (22.5% of all isolates), streptomycin (20.7%), and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (9.5%). Antimicrobial resistance rates were higher in K. pneumoniae isolated from intramammary infections in comparison with isolates from feces (19.2 and 0% of multidrug resistance in intramammary and fecal isolates, respectively). In contrast, no difference in AMR rates was observed when contrasting hind limbs and isolates from intramammary infections. The genes tetA, sul2, and floR were the most frequently observed AMR genes in K. pneumoniae resistant to tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol, respectively. The tetA gene was present exclusively in isolates from milk. The genes blaCTX-M8 and blaSHV-108 were present in 3 ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae, including an isolate from bulk tank milk. The 3 isolates were of sequence type 281 and had similar mobile genetic elements and virulence genes. Our study reinforced the epidemiological importance and dissemination of blaCTX-M-8 pST114 plasmid in food-producing animals in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Borin Nobrega
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-650, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Aline Parolin Calarga
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-650, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Costa Nascimento
- Central Laboratory for High Performance Technologies (LaCTAD), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-886, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Helio Langoni
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 16618-681, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Brocchi
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-650, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Sun D, Mi K, Hao H, Xie S, Chen D, Huang L. Optimal regimens based on PK/PD cutoff evaluation of ceftiofur against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in swine. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:366. [PMID: 32993661 PMCID: PMC7526406 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae formerly known as Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae, can cause pleuropneumoniae in pigs, which lead to significant mortality. Ceftiofur was the first cephalosporin antibiotic used in animals, which was effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacterium. This study aimed to formulate a rational dosage strategy and review the preceding recommended dosage based on PK/PD modeling and Establish Clinical breakpoint of ceftiofur against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae based on the pharmacodynamic-pharmacokinetic cutoff. Results The epidemiologic cutoff value was 0.125 μg/mL. The results of the pharmacodynamic study showed that the MICs of BW39 were 0.5 μg/mL and 1 μg/mL in vitro and ex-vivo, respectively. The minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) under in vitro and ex vivo conditions were both 1 μg/mL. The time-killing profiles of ceftiofur against BW39 were time-dependent with a partly concentration-dependent pattern. Based on the inhibitory sigmoid Emax model, the AUC24 h/MIC values for the bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and elimination effects in serum were 45.73, 63.83, and 69.04 h for healthy pigs separately. According to the Monte Carlo simulation, the COPD was calculated as 2 μg/mL, and the optimized dosage regimen of ceftiofur against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to achieve bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and elimination effects over 24 h was 2.13, 2.97, and 3.42 mg/kg for the 50% target attainment rate (TAR) and 2.47, 3.21, and 3.70 mg/kg for the 90% TAR respectively. Conclusions In conclusion, we reveal the EOFF and PK/PD cutoff values of ceftiofur against A. pleuropneumoniae in piglets. However, with the paucity of clinical data for ceftiofur to establish a clinical cutoff against A. pleuropneumoniae, the PK/PD cutoff value of 2 μg/mL will be recommended as surrogate. According to the PK/PD data and the MIC distribution in China, the single bactericidal dose was 3.21 mg/kg for the 90% target, which would be more able to cure Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and avoid the emergence of resistance for clinical ceftiofur use in piglet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Sun
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Mi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haihong Hao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuyu Xie
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China. .,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lingli Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China. .,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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13
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The antimicrobial peptide MPX kills Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and reduces its pathogenicity in mice. Vet Microbiol 2020; 243:108634. [PMID: 32273013 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of highly contagious and fatal respiratory infections, causing substantial economic losses to the global pig industry. Due to increased antibiotic resistance, there is an urgent need to find new antibiotic alternatives for treating A. pleuropneumoniae infections. MPX is obtained from wasp venom and has a killing effect on various bacteria. This study found that MPX had a good killing effect on A. pleuropneumoniae and that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 16 μg/mL. The bacterial density of A. pleuropneumoniae decreased 1000 times after MPX (1 × MIC) treatment for 1 h, and the antibacterial activity was not affected by pH or temperature. Fluorescence microscopy showed that MPX (1 × MIC) destroyed the bacterial cell membrane after treatment for 0.5 h, increasing membrane permeability and releasing bacterial proteins and Ca2+, Na+ and other cations. In addition, MPX (1 × MIC) treatment significantly reduced the formation of bacterial biofilms. Quantitative RT-PCR results showed that MPX treatment significantly upregulated the expression of the PurC virulence gene and downregulated that of ApxI, ApxII, and Apa1. In addition, the Sap A gene was found to play an important role in the tolerance of A. pleuropneumoniae to antimicrobial peptides. Therapeutic evaluation in a murine model showed that MPX protects mice from a lethal dose of A. pleuropneumoniae and relieves lung inflammation. This study reports the use of MPX to treat A. pleuropneumonia infections, laying the foundation for the development of new drugs for bacterial infections.
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14
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Aper D, Frömbling J, Bağcıoğlu M, Ehling-Schulz M, Hennig-Pauka I. Comparison of metabolic adaptation and biofilm formation of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae field isolates from the upper and lower respiratory tract of swine with respiratory disease. Vet Microbiol 2019; 240:108532. [PMID: 31902502 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Most outbreaks of disease due to infection with Actinobacillus (A.) pleuropneumoniae are caused by pigs already pre-colonised in tonsillar tissue, where the pathogen is protected from exposure to antibiotic substances administered for treatment. As it has been shown recently under experimental conditions, A. pleuropneumoniae displays host tissue-specific metabolic adaptation. In this study, pairs of A. pleuropneumoniae field isolates were recovered from lung as well as from tonsillar and nasal tissue from 20 pigs suffering from acute clinical signs of pleuropneumonia and showing characteristic pathological lung alterations. Metabolic adaptation to the porcine lower and upper respiratory tract of 32 A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 field isolates was examined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as a high resolution metabolic fingerprinting method. All strains showed metabolic adaptations to organ tissue reflected by hierarchical cluster analysis of FTIR spectra similar to those previously observed under experimental conditions. Notably, differences in antimicrobial resistance patterns and minimal inhibitory concentrations of isolates from different tissues in the same animal, but not in biofilm production capability in a microtiter plate assay were found. Overall, biofilm formation was observed for 71 % of the isolates, confirming that A. pleuropneumoniae field isolates are generally able to form biofilms, although rather in a serotype-specific than in an organ-specific manner. A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 6 isolates formed significantly more biofilm than the other serotypes. Furthermore, biofilm production was negatively correlated to the lung lesion scores and tonsillar isolates tended to be more susceptible to antimicrobial substances with high bioavailability than lung isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Aper
- Field Station for Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, D-49456 Bakum, Germany
| | - Janna Frömbling
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Murat Bağcıoğlu
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Ehling-Schulz
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabel Hennig-Pauka
- Field Station for Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, D-49456 Bakum, Germany.
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Abstract
Members of the highly heterogeneous family Pasteurellaceae cause a wide variety of diseases in humans and animals. Antimicrobial agents are the most powerful tools to control such infections. However, the acquisition of resistance genes, as well as the development of resistance-mediating mutations, significantly reduces the efficacy of the antimicrobial agents. This article gives a brief description of the role of selected members of the family Pasteurellaceae in animal infections and of the most recent data on the susceptibility status of such members. Moreover, a review of the current knowledge of the genetic basis of resistance to antimicrobial agents is included, with particular reference to resistance to tetracyclines, β-lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides/aminocyclitols, folate pathway inhibitors, macrolides, lincosamides, phenicols, and quinolones. This article focusses on the genera of veterinary importance for which sufficient data on antimicrobial susceptibility and the detection of resistance genes are currently available (Pasteurella, Mannheimia, Actinobacillus, Haemophilus, and Histophilus). Additionally, the role of plasmids, transposons, and integrative and conjugative elements in the spread of the resistance genes within and beyond the aforementioned genera is highlighted to provide insight into horizontal dissemination, coselection, and persistence of antimicrobial resistance genes. The article discusses the acquisition of diverse resistance genes by the selected Pasteurellaceae members from other Gram-negative or maybe even Gram-positive bacteria. Although the susceptibility status of these members still looks rather favorable, monitoring of their antimicrobial susceptibility is required for early detection of changes in the susceptibility status and the newly acquired/developed resistance mechanisms.
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Li Y, da Silva GC, Li Y, Rossi CC, Fernandez Crespo R, Williamson SM, Langford PR, Bazzolli DMS, Bossé JT. Evidence of Illegitimate Recombination Between Two Pasteurellaceae Plasmids Resulting in a Novel Multi-Resistance Replicon, pM3362MDR, in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2489. [PMID: 30405558 PMCID: PMC6206304 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence of plasmids carrying the tetracycline resistance gene, tet(B), was found in the previously reported whole genome sequences of 14 United Kingdom, and 4 Brazilian, isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Isolation and sequencing of selected plasmids, combined with comparative sequence analysis, indicated that the four Brazilian isolates all harbor plasmids that are nearly identical to pB1001, a plasmid previously found in Pasteurella multocida isolates from Spain. Of the United Kingdom isolates, 13/14 harbor plasmids that are (almost) identical to pTetHS016 from Haemophilus parasuis. The remaining United Kingdom isolate, MIDG3362, harbors a 12666 bp plasmid that shares extensive regions of similarity with pOV from P. multocida (which carries blaROB-1 , sul2, and strAB genes), as well as with pTetHS016. The newly identified multi-resistance plasmid, pM3362MDR, appears to have arisen through illegitimate recombination of pTetHS016 into the stop codon of the truncated strB gene in a pOV-like plasmid. All of the tet(B)-carrying plasmids studied were capable of replicating in Escherichia coli, and predicted origins of replication were identified. A putative origin of transfer (oriT) sequence with similar secondary structure and a nic-site almost identical to that of RP4 was also identified in these plasmids, however, attempts to mobilize them from an RP4-encoding E. coli donor strain were not successful, indicating that specific conjugation machinery may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Li
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Giarlã Cunha da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Bactérias, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ciro C Rossi
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Bactérias, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Denise Mara Soares Bazzolli
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Bactérias, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Janine T Bossé
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Pereira MF, Rossi CC, Seide LE, Martins Filho S, Dolinski CDM, Bazzolli DMS. Antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation and virulence reveal Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains' pathogenicity complexity. Res Vet Sci 2018; 118:498-501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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18
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Loera-Muro A, Angulo C. New trends in innovative vaccine development against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vet Microbiol 2018; 217:66-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biofilms: Role in pathogenicity and potential impact for vaccination development. Anim Health Res Rev 2017; 19:17-30. [DOI: 10.1017/s146625231700010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium that belongs to the family Pasteurellaceae. It is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious respiratory disease that is responsible for major economic losses in the global pork industry. The disease may present itself as a chronic or an acute infection characterized by severe pathology, including hemorrhage, fibrinous and necrotic lung lesions, and, in the worst cases, rapid death. A. pleuropneumoniae is transmitted via aerosol route, direct contact with infected pigs, and by the farm environment. Many virulence factors associated with this bacterium are well characterized. However, much less is known about the role of biofilm, a sessile mode of growth that may have a critical impact on A. pleuropneumoniae pathogenicity. Here we review the current knowledge on A. pleuropneumoniae biofilm, factors associated with biofilm formation and dispersion, and the impact of biofilm on the pathogenesis A. pleuropneumoniae. We also provide an overview of current vaccination strategies against A. pleuropneumoniae and consider the possible role of biofilms vaccines for controlling the disease.
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Sassu EL, Bossé JT, Tobias TJ, Gottschalk M, Langford PR, Hennig-Pauka I. Update on Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-knowledge, gaps and challenges. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65 Suppl 1:72-90. [PMID: 29083117 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Porcine pleuropneumonia, caused by the bacterial porcine respiratory tract pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, leads to high economic losses in affected swine herds in most countries of the world. Pigs affected by peracute and acute disease suffer from severe respiratory distress with high lethality. The agent was first described in 1957 and, since then, knowledge about the pathogen itself, and its interactions with the host, has increased continuously. This is, in part, due to the fact that experimental infections can be studied in the natural host. However, the fact that most commercial pigs are colonized by this pathogen has hampered the applicability of knowledge gained under experimental conditions. In addition, several factors are involved in development of disease, and these have often been studied individually. In a DISCONTOOLS initiative, members from science, industry and clinics exchanged their expertise and empirical observations and identified the major gaps in knowledge. This review sums up published results and expert opinions, within the fields of pathogenesis, epidemiology, transmission, immune response to infection, as well as the main means of prevention, detection and control. The gaps that still remain to be filled are highlighted, and present as well as future challenges in the control of this disease are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Sassu
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - J T Bossé
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - T J Tobias
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Gottschalk
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - P R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - I Hennig-Pauka
- Field Station for Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bakum, Germany
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21
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TASSEW DD, MECHESSO AF, PARK NH, SONG JB, SHUR JW, PARK SC. Biofilm formation and determination of minimum biofilm eradication concentration of antibiotics in Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1716-1720. [PMID: 28890520 PMCID: PMC5658566 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was aimed to investigate biofilm forming ability of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and to determine the minimum biofilm eradication concentrations of antibiotics. Biofilm forming ability of six strains of M. hyopneumoniae was examined using crystal violet staining on coverslips. The results demonstrated an apparent line of biofilm growth in 3 of the strains isolated from swine with confirmed cases of enzootic pneumonia. BacLight bacterial viability assay revealed that the majority of the cells were viable after 336 hr of incubation. Moreover, M. hyopneumoniae persists in the biofilm after being exposed to 10 fold higher concentration of antibiotics than the minimum inhibitory concentrations in planktonic cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of biofilm formation in M. hyopneumoniae. However, comprehensive studies on the mechanisms of biofilm formation are needed to combat swine enzootic pneumonia caused by resistant M. hyopneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dereje Damte TASSEW
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National
University, 41566, Bukgu, Daegu, South Korea
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM
87108, U.S.A
| | - Abraham Fikru MECHESSO
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National
University, 41566, Bukgu, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Na-Hye PARK
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National
University, 41566, Bukgu, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ju-Beom SONG
- Department of Chemistry Education, Kyungpook National
University, 41566, Bukgu, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Joo-Woon SHUR
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials,
Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Science Campus, Myongji University, 449-728,
Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Chun PARK
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National
University, 41566, Bukgu, Daegu, South Korea
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22
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Liu J, Ma Q, Yang F, Zhu R, Gu J, Sun C, Feng X, Du C, Langford PR, Han W, Yang J, Lei L. B cell cross-epitope of Propionibacterium acnes and Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia selected by phage display library can efficiently protect from Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia infection. Vet Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28622855 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Contagious porcine pleuropneumonia (CPP), caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), is a highly transmissible and fatal respiratory illness that causes tremendous economic losses for the pig breeding industry worldwide. Propionibacterium acnes (PA) has a strong cross-reaction with anti-APP1 and anti-APP5 serum and can efficiently prevent APP infection, which was fortuitously found in researching the differential gene between the different APP serotypes. There seems to be some natural cross-protection between PA and APP. To identify the common epitope, the phage display library of a PA whole genome was constructed, whose size is 105. The DNA sequence of the positive clone was determined after three rounds of biopanning, and ten common protein types were identified and the epitope was predicted by computer software. Six peptide epitopes were selected and synthesized for further analysis. Among these epitopes, Ba1, Bb5 and C1 could bind to anti-PA serum and anti-APP1 serum and vice versa. Furthermore, the IgG and IL-4 levels and CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratios in the Ba1, Bb5 and C1 groups were significantly higher than that in the control group, indicating that the epitopes could trigger an immune response, which was mainly humoral immunity. Moreover, Ba1 and Bb5 equally protected 80% of mice from a fatal dose of APP1 infection compared with the control group. Mice could resist APP1 and APP5 challenge after being treated with the combination of Ba1 and Bb5, with survival rates of 80% and 90%, respectively. These findings suggest that the PA epitope confers antigenicity and can heterologously resist to the APP infection. This finding provides a novel strategy for preventing APP infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyue Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Rining Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmin Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjiang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongtao Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London W2 1 PG, United Kingdom
| | - Wenyu Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Junling Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Liancheng Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China.
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Xie F, Li G, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Cui N, Liu S, Wang C. Attenuated Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae double-deletion mutant S-8∆clpP/apxIIC confers protection against homologous or heterologous strain challenge. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:14. [PMID: 28061786 PMCID: PMC5219649 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, which leads to large economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. In this study, S-8△clpP△apxIIC, a double-deletion mutant of A. pleuropneumoniae was constructed, and its safety and protective efficacy were evaluated in pigs. Results The S-8△clpP△apxIIC mutant exhibited attenuated virulence in a murine (BALB/c) model, and caused no detrimental effects on pigs even at a dose of up to 1.0 × 109 CFU. Furthermore, the S-8△clpP△apxIIC mutant was able to induce a strong immune response in pigs, which included high levels of IgG1 and IgG2, stimulated gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin 12 (IL-12), and interleukin 4 (IL-4) production, and conferred effective protection against the lethal challenge with A. pleuropneumoniae serovars 7 or 5a. The pigs in the S-8△clpP△apxIIC immunized groups have no lesions and reduced bacterial loads in the lung tissue after challenge. Conclusions The data obtained in this study suggest that the S-8△clpP△apxIIC mutant can serve as a highly immunogenic and potential live attenuated vaccine candidate against A. pleuropneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Siguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Tremblay YDN, Labrie J, Chénier S, Jacques M. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae grows as aggregates in the lung of pigs: is it time to refine our in vitro biofilm assays? Microb Biotechnol 2016; 10:756-760. [PMID: 27790837 PMCID: PMC5481545 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae causes porcine pleuropneumonia and forms biofilms in vitro on abiotic surfaces; however, presence of biofilms during infections has not been documented. The aim of this study was to use a species-specific fluorescent oligonucleotide probe and confocal microscopy to localize A. pleuropneumoniae in the lungs of two naturally infected pigs. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization and observed to grow as aggregates (~30-45 μm) during a natural infection. As the A. pleuropneumoniae aggregates observed in porcine lungs differed from the biofilms grown on a solid surface obtained in vitro, we designed a new biofilm assay using agarose, a porous substrate, favouring the formation of aggregates. In this study, we described for the first time the mode of growth of A. pleuropneumoniae during a natural infection in pigs. We also propose an in vitro biofilm assay for A. pleuropneumoniae using a porous substrate which allows the formation of aggregates. This assay might be more representative of the in vivo situation, at least in terms of the size of the bacterial aggregates and the presence of a porous matrix, and could potentially be used to test the susceptibility of A. pleuropneumoniae aggregates to antibiotics and disinfectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick D N Tremblay
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses du porc, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Josée Labrie
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses du porc, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Sonia Chénier
- Laboratoire d'épidémiosurveillance animale du Québec, Ministère de l'Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l'Alimentation du Québec, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7X9, Canada
| | - Mario Jacques
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses du porc, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
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25
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Li Y, Cao S, Zhang L, Lau GW, Wen Y, Wu R, Zhao Q, Huang X, Yan Q, Huang Y, Wen X. A TolC-Like Protein of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Is Involved in Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Formation. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1618. [PMID: 27822201 PMCID: PMC5075564 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiologic agent of porcine contagious pleuropneumonia, a significant disease that causes serious economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Persistent infections caused by bacterial biofilms are recalcitrant to treat because of the particular drug resistance of biofilm-dwelling cells. TolC, a key component of multidrug efflux pumps, are responsible for multidrug resistance (MDR) in many Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we identified two TolC-like proteins, TolC1 and TolC2, in A. pleuropneumoniae. Deletion of tolC1, but not tolC2, caused a significant reduction in biofilm formation, as well as increased drug sensitivity of both planktonic and biofilm cells. The genetic-complementation of the tolC1 mutation restored the competent biofilm and drug resistance. Besides, biofilm formation was inhibited and drug sensitivity was increased by the addition of phenylalanine-arginine beta-naphthylamide (PAβN), a well-known efflux pump inhibitor (EPI), suggesting a role for EPI in antibacterial strategies toward drug tolerance of A. pleuropneumoniae. Taken together, TolC1 is required for biofilm formation and is a part of the MDR machinery of both planktonic and biofilm cells, which could supplement therapeutic strategies for resistant bacteria and biofilm-related infections of A. pleuropneumoniae clinical isolate SC1516.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Luhua Zhang
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China; Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA
| | - Gee W Lau
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Xintian Wen
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
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26
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Zhang F, Cao S, Zhu Z, Yang Y, Wen X, Chang YF, Huang X, Wu R, Wen Y, Yan Q, Huang Y, Ma X, Zhao Q. Immunoprotective Efficacy of Six In vivo-Induced Antigens against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae as Potential Vaccine Candidates in Murine Model. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1623. [PMID: 27818646 PMCID: PMC5073529 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Six in vivo-induced (IVI) antigens—RnhB, GalU, GalT, Apl_1061, Apl_1166, and HflX were selected for a vaccine trial in a mouse model. The results showed that the IgG levels in each immune group was significantly higher than that of the negative control (P < 0.001). Except rRnhB group, proliferation of splenocytes was observed in all immunized groups and a relatively higher proliferation activity was observed in rGalU and rGalT groups (P < 0.05). In the rGalT vaccinated group, the proportion of CD4+ T cells in spleen was significant higher than that of negative control (P < 0.05). Moreover, proportions of CD4+ T cells in other vaccinated groups were all up-regulated to varying degrees. Up-regulation of both Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines were detected. A survival rate of 87.5, 62.5, and 62.5% were obtained among rGalT, rAPL_1166, and rHflX group, respectively while the remaining three groups was only 25%. Histopathological analyses of lungs indicated that surviving animals from the vaccinated groups showed relatively normal pulmonary structure alveoli. These findings confirm that IVI antigens used as vaccine candidates provide partial protection against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection in a mouse model, which could be used as potential vaccine candidates in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China; Sichuan Science-observation Experiment of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Biological Technology, Ministry of AgricultureChengdu, China
| | - Zhuang Zhu
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Yusheng Yang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Xintian Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China; Sichuan Science-observation Experiment of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Biological Technology, Ministry of AgricultureChengdu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
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Dayao DAE, Gibson JS, Blackall PJ, Turni C. Antimicrobial resistance genes inActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae,Haemophilus parasuisandPasteurella multocidaisolated from Australian pigs. Aust Vet J 2016; 94:227-31. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- DAE Dayao
- The University of Queensland; School of Veterinary Science; Gatton Queensland 4343 Australia
| | - JS Gibson
- The University of Queensland; School of Veterinary Science; Gatton Queensland 4343 Australia
| | - PJ Blackall
- The University of Queensland; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation; EcoSciences Precinct QLD Australia
| | - C Turni
- The University of Queensland; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation; EcoSciences Precinct QLD Australia
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Hathroubi S, Beaudry F, Provost C, Martelet L, Segura M, Gagnon CA, Jacques M. Impact of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biofilm mode of growth on the lipid A structures and stimulation of immune cells. Innate Immun 2016; 22:353-62. [PMID: 27226465 DOI: 10.1177/1753425916649676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), the etiologic agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, forms biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces. APP biofilms confers resistance to antibiotics. To our knowledge, no studies have examined the role of APP biofilm in immune evasion and infection persistence. This study was undertaken to (i) investigate biofilm-associated LPS modifications occurring during the switch to biofilm mode of growth; and (ii) characterize pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in porcine pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and proliferation in porcine PBMCs challenged with planktonic or biofilm APP cells. Extracted lipid A samples from biofilm and planktonic cultures were analyzed by HPLC high-resolution, accurate mass spectrometry. Biofilm cells displayed significant changes in lipid A profiles when compared with their planktonic counterparts. Furthermore, in vitro experiments were conducted to examine the inflammatory response of PAMs exposed to UV-inactivated APP grown in biofilm or in suspension. Relative mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory genes IL1, IL6, IL8 and MCP1 decreased in PAMs when exposed to biofilm cells compared to planktonic cells. Additionally, the biofilm state reduced PBMCs proliferation. Taken together, APP biofilm cells show a weaker ability to stimulate innate immune cells, which could be due, in part, to lipid A structure modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skander Hathroubi
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Francis Beaudry
- Groupe de Recherche en Pharmacologie Animale du Québec, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Chantale Provost
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Léa Martelet
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Carl A Gagnon
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Mario Jacques
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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Surface Polysaccharide Mutants Reveal that Absence of O Antigen Reduces Biofilm Formation of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Infect Immun 2015; 84:127-37. [PMID: 26483403 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00912-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the Pasteurellaceae family and the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious lung disease causing important economic losses. Surface polysaccharides, including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and capsular polysaccharides (CPS), are implicated in the adhesion and virulence of A. pleuropneumoniae, but their role in biofilm formation is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the requirement for these surface polysaccharides in biofilm formation by A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 1. Well-characterized mutants were used: an O-antigen LPS mutant, a truncated core LPS mutant with an intact O antigen, a capsule mutant, and a poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PGA) mutant. We compared the amount of biofilm produced by the parental strain and the isogenic mutants using static and dynamic systems. Compared to the findings for the biofilm of the parental or other strains, the biofilm of the O antigen and the PGA mutants was dramatically reduced, and it had less cell-associated PGA. Real-time PCR analyses revealed a significant reduction in the level of pgaA, cpxR, and cpxA mRNA in the biofilm cells of the O-antigen mutant compared to that in the biofilm cells of the parental strain. Specific binding between PGA and LPS was consistently detected by surface plasmon resonance, but the lack of O antigen did not abolish these interactions. In conclusion, the absence of the O antigen reduces the ability of A. pleuropneumoniae to form a biofilm, and this is associated with the reduced expression and production of PGA.
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30
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Dayao DAE, Dawson S, Kienzle MJP, Gibson JS, Blackall PJ, Turni C. Variation in the Antimicrobial Susceptibility ofActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeIsolates in a Pig, Within a Batch of Pigs, and Among Batches of Pigs from One Farm. Microb Drug Resist 2015; 21:491-6. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2014.0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Ann E. Dayao
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susan Dawson
- Portec Veterinary Services, Welshpool, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Marco Jean-Paul Kienzle
- Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry, EcoSciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Queensland, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Justine S. Gibson
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Patrick J. Blackall
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, EcoSciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Queensland, Australia
| | - Conny Turni
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, EcoSciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Queensland, Australia
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Hathroubi S, Fontaine-Gosselin SÈ, Tremblay YDN, Labrie J, Jacques M. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of penicillin G induce biofilm formation by field isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vet Microbiol 2015; 179:277-86. [PMID: 26130517 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium and causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia. This is a highly contagious disease that causes important economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Penicillins are extensively used in swine production and these antibiotics are associated with high systemic clearance and low oral bioavailability. This may expose A. pleuropneumoniae to sub-inhibitory concentrations of penicillin G when the antibiotic is administered orally. Our goal was to evaluate the effect of sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of penicillin G on the biofilm formation of A. pleuropneumoniae. Biofilm production of 13 field isolates from serotypes 1, 5a, 7 and 15 was tested in the presence of sub-MIC of penicillin G using a polystyrene microtiter plate assay. Using microscopy techniques and enzymatic digestion, biofilm architecture and composition were also characterized after exposure to sub-MIC of penicillin G. Sub-MIC of penicillin G significantly induced biofilm formation of nine isolates. The penicillin G-induced biofilms contained more poly-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (PGA), extracellular DNA and proteins when compared to control biofilms grown without penicillin G. Additionally, penicillin G-induced biofilms were sensitive to DNase which was not observed with the untreated controls. Furthermore, sub-MIC of penicillin G up-regulated the expression of pgaA, which encodes a protein involved in PGA synthesis, and the genes encoding the envelope-stress sensing two-component regulatory system CpxRA. In conclusion, sub-MICs of penicillin G significantly induce biofilm formation and this is likely the result of a cell envelope stress sensed by the CpxRA system resulting in an increased production of PGA and other matrix components.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hathroubi
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses du porc, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, C. P. 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - S-È Fontaine-Gosselin
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses du porc, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, C. P. 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Y D N Tremblay
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses du porc, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, C. P. 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - J Labrie
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses du porc, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, C. P. 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - M Jacques
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses du porc, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, C. P. 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6, Canada.
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Pereira MF, Rossi CC, Vieira de Queiroz M, Martins GF, Isaac C, Bossé JT, Li Y, Wren BW, Terra VS, Cuccui J, Langford PR, Bazzolli DMS. Galleria mellonella is an effective model to study Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2014; 161:387-400. [PMID: 25414045 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.083923-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is responsible for swine pleuropneumonia, a respiratory disease that causes significant global economic loss. Its virulence depends on many factors, such as capsular polysaccharides, RTX toxins and iron-acquisition systems. Analysis of virulence may require easy-to-use models that approximate mammalian infection and avoid ethical issues. Here, we investigate the potential use of the wax moth Galleria mellonella as an informative model for A. pleuropneumoniae infection. Genotypically distinct A. pleuropneumoniae clinical isolates were able to kill larvae at 37 °C but had different LD50 values, ranging from 10(4) to 10(7) c.f.u. per larva. The most virulent isolate (1022) was able to persist and replicate within the insect, while the least virulent (780) was rapidly cleared. We observed a decrease in haemocyte concentration, aggregation and DNA damage post-infection with isolate 1022. Melanization points around bacterial cells were observed in the fat body and pericardial tissues of infected G. mellonella, indicating vigorous cell and humoral immune responses close to the larval dorsal vessel. As found in pigs, an A. pleuropneumoniae hfq mutant was significantly attenuated for infection in the G. mellonella model. Additionally, the model could be used to assess the effectiveness of several antimicrobial agents against A. pleuropneumoniae in vivo. G. mellonella is a suitable inexpensive alternative infection model that can be used to study the virulence of A. pleuropneumoniae, as well as assess the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents against this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalessa Fábia Pereira
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Micro-organismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Ciro César Rossi
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Micro-organismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Marisa Vieira de Queiroz
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Micro-organismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ferreira Martins
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Clement Isaac
- Department of Zoology, Ambrose Alli University, Akpoma, Nigeria.,Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Janine T Bossé
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Vanessa Sofia Terra
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Jon Cuccui
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | | | - Denise Mara Soares Bazzolli
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Micro-organismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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Tremblay YDN, Caron V, Blondeau A, Messier S, Jacques M. Biofilm formation by coagulase-negative staphylococci: impact on the efficacy of antimicrobials and disinfectants commonly used on dairy farms. Vet Microbiol 2014; 172:511-8. [PMID: 24984943 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) have traditionally been considered minor mastitis pathogens and are the bacteria most frequently isolated from intramammary infection. Previously, our laboratory demonstrated that a majority of CNS isolated from Canadian milk were able to form biofilm and this was strongly and positively associated with days in milk. Biofilms offer protection against antibiotics and disinfectants, and the presence of CNS biofilms near the end of the lactation cycle could have an impact on the prevention and recurrence of CNS infections in the next lactation cycle. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of biofilm formation on efficacy of commonly used antibiotics and disinfectants against CNS. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of several CNS isolates were determined using microdilution method and the MBEC device, respectively. Biofilm cells were more resistant to a penicillin G/novobiocin combination and to ceftiofur than their planktonic counterparts and the increase in resistance ranged from 4× to 2048×. For the disinfectants, we determined the minimum contact time required for different teat disinfectants to eradicated planktonic cells and biofilms. The chlorhexidine-based teat disinfectants eradicated planktonic cells and biofilms within 30s. For iodine-based teat disinfectants, it took 2-10× longer to eradicate the biofilms than planktonic cells. In conclusion, CNS biofilms were less susceptible to antibiotics; however, chlorhexidine-based teat disinfectants were still effective against CNS biofilms. This reinforces the use of post-milking teat disinfectants as a preventive measure of intramammary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick D N Tremblay
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Canada; Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network, C. P. 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 7C6
| | - Vincent Caron
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Andréanne Blondeau
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Serge Messier
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Canada; Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network, C. P. 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 7C6
| | - Mario Jacques
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Canada; Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network, C. P. 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 7C6.
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Dayao DAE, Gibson JS, Blackall PJ, Turni C. Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria associated with porcine respiratory disease in Australia. Vet Microbiol 2014; 171:232-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Luna-Castro S, Aguilar-Romero F, Samaniego-Barrón L, Godínez-Vargas D, de la Garza M. Effect of bovine apo-lactoferrin on the growth and virulence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Biometals 2014; 27:891-903. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Comparative activities of selected fluoroquinolones against dynamic populations of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in an in vitro model of time-kill continuous culture experiment. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2013; 42:544-52. [PMID: 24139884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to demonstrate and compare the impact of different pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin, enrofloxacin and difloxacin on their antimicrobial effects, their killing and re-growth kinetics, and the population dynamics of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae clinical isolates in an in vitro dynamic model. Selected clinical isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae and three fluoroquinolones at a range of simulated AUC(24)/MIC ratios of multiple doses were investigated. At the same simulated AUC(24)/MIC ratios of the three fluoroquinolones, the killing re-growth profile and I(E) values (intensity of the antimicrobial effect) revealed strain- and fluoroquinolone-specific effects. For example, a 31% lower I(E) of difloxacin was observed in AppK5 (biofilm-former) than in AppK2 (biofilm-non-former) at the same AUC(24)/MIC ratio of 120 h. In addition, losses in A. pleuropneumoniae susceptibility of both strains by the three fluoroquinolones were observed. AUC(24)/MPC ratios of 20.89 and 39.81 for marbofloxacin, 17.32 and 19.49 for enrofloxacin and 31.62 and 60.25 for difloxacin were estimated to be protective against the selection of AppK2 and AppK5 strain mutants, respectively. Integration of these in vitro data with published pharmacokinetics revealed the inadequacy of the conventional clinical doses of the three drugs to attain the above protective values for minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) and concentration to prevent growth of 90% of the mutant subpopulation (MPC(90)). In conclusion, the results suggest optimising doses could suffice for resistant mutants control, while for biofilm-forming strains combination with biofilm-disrupting agents to reduce the MBEC to achieve AUC/MBEC ratios within the possible dosing regimens is desired.
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Tremblay YDN, Lévesque C, Segers RPAM, Jacques M. Method to grow Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biofilm on a biotic surface. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:213. [PMID: 24139070 PMCID: PMC4015846 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium and a member of the Pasteurellaceae family. This bacterium is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, which is a highly contagious respiratory disease causing important economical losses to the worldwide pig industry. It has been shown that A. pleuropneumoniae can form biofilms on abiotic surfaces (plastic and glass). Although in vitro models are extremely useful to gain information on biofilm formation, these models may not be representative of the conditions found at the mucosal surface of the host, which is the natural niche of A. pleuropneumoniae. Results In this paper, we describe a method to grow A. pleuropneumoniae biofilms on the SJPL cell line, which represents a biotic surface. A non-hemolytic, non-cytotoxic mutant of A. pleuropneumoniae was used in our assays and this allowed the SJPL cell monolayers to be exposed to A. pleuropneumoniae for longer periods. This resulted in the formation of biofilms on the cell monolayer after incubations of 24 and 48 h. The biofilms can be stained with fluorescent probes, such as a lectin against the polymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine present in the biofilm matrix, and easily observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Conclusions This is the first protocol that describes the formation of an A. pleuropneumoniae biofilm on a biotic surface. The advantage of this protocol is that it can be used to study biofilm formation in a context of host-pathogen interactions. The protocol could also be adapted to evaluate biofilm inhibitors or the efficacy of antibiotics in the presence of biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mario Jacques
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses du porc, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6, Canada.
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Tremblay YDN, Deslandes V, Jacques M. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae genes expression in biofilms cultured under static conditions and in a drip-flow apparatus. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:364. [PMID: 23725589 PMCID: PMC3671958 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the Gram-negative bacterium responsible for porcine pleuropneumonia. This respiratory infection is highly contagious and characterized by high morbidity and mortality. The objectives of our study were to study the transcriptome of A. pleuropneumoniae biofilms at different stages and to develop a protocol to grow an A. pleuropneumoniae biofilm in a drip-flow apparatus. This biofilm reactor is a system with an air-liquid interface modeling lung-like environment. Bacteria attached to a surface (biofilm) and free floating bacteria (plankton) were harvested for RNA isolation. Labelled cDNA was hybridized to a microarray to compare the expression profiles of planktonic cells and biofilm cells. Results It was observed that 47 genes were differentially expressed (22 up, 25 down) in a 4 h-static growing/maturing biofilm and 117 genes were differentially expressed (49 up, 68 down) in a 6h-static dispersing biofilm. The transcriptomes of a 4 h biofilm and a 6 h biofilm were also compared and 456 genes (235 up, 221 down) were identified as differently expressed. Among the genes identified in the 4 h vs 6h biofilm experiment, several regulators of stress response were down-regulated and energy metabolism associated genes were up-regulated. Biofilm bacteria cultured using the drip-flow apparatus differentially expressed 161 genes (68 up, 93 down) compared to the effluent bacteria. Cross-referencing of differentially transcribed genes in the different assays revealed that drip-flow biofilms shared few differentially expressed genes with static biofilms (4 h or 6 h) but shared several differentially expressed genes with natural or experimental infections in pigs. Conclusion The formation of a static biofilm by A. pleuropneumoniae strain S4074 is a rapid process and transcriptional analysis indicated that dispersal observed at 6 h is driven by nutritional stresses. Furthermore, A. pleuropneumoniae can form a biofilm under low-shear force in a drip-flow apparatus and analyses indicated that the formation of a biofilm under low-shear force requires a different sub-set of genes than a biofilm grown under static conditions. The drip-flow apparatus may represent the better in vitro model to investigate biofilm formation of A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick D N Tremblay
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses du porc, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6, Canada
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