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Di Ieva A. Computational Fractal-Based Analysis of MR Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging (SWI) in Neuro-Oncology and Neurotraumatology. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 36:445-468. [PMID: 38468047 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47606-8_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique able to depict the magnetic susceptibility produced by different substances, such as deoxyhemoglobin, calcium, and iron. The main application of SWI in clinical neuroimaging is detecting microbleedings and venous vasculature. Quantitative analyses of SWI have been developed over the last few years, aimed to offer new parameters, which could be used as neuroimaging biomarkers. Each technique has shown pros and cons, but no gold standard exists yet. The fractal dimension (FD) has been investigated as a novel potential objective parameter for monitoring intratumoral space-filling properties of SWI patterns. We showed that SWI patterns found in different tumors or different glioma grades can be represented by a gradient in the fractal dimension, thereby enabling each tumor to be assigned a specific SWI fingerprint. Such results were especially relevant in the differentiation of low-grade versus high-grade gliomas, as well as from high-grade gliomas versus lymphomas.Therefore, FD has been suggested as a potential image biomarker to analyze intrinsic neoplastic architecture in order to improve the differential diagnosis within clinical neuroimaging, determine appropriate therapy, and improve outcome in patients.These promising preliminary findings could be extended into the field of neurotraumatology, by means of the application of computational fractal-based analysis for the qualitative and quantitative imaging of microbleedings in traumatic brain injury patients. In consideration of some evidences showing that SWI signals are correlated with trauma clinical severity, FD might offer some objective prognostic biomarkers.In conclusion, fractal-based morphometrics of SWI could be further investigated to be used in a complementary way with other techniques, in order to form a holistic understanding of the temporal evolution of brain tumors and follow-up response to treatment, with several further applications in other fields, such as neurotraumatology and cerebrovascular neurosurgery as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Ieva
- Computational NeuroSurgery (CNS) Lab & Macquarie Neurosurgery, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Human and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Fagan MM, Welch CB, Scheulin KM, Sneed SE, Jeon JH, Golan ME, Cheek SR, Barany DA, Oeltzschner G, Callaway TR, Zhao Q, Park HJ, Lourenco JM, Duberstein KJ, West FD. Fecal microbial transplantation limits neural injury severity and functional deficits in a pediatric piglet traumatic brain injury model. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1249539. [PMID: 37841685 PMCID: PMC10568032 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1249539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in children. Due to bidirectional communication between the brain and gut microbial population, introduction of key gut bacteria may mitigate critical TBI-induced secondary injury cascades, thus lessening neural damage and improving functional outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a daily fecal microbial transplant (FMT) to alleviate neural injury severity, prevent gut dysbiosis, and improve functional recovery post TBI in a translational pediatric piglet model. Male piglets at 4-weeks of age were randomly assigned to Sham + saline, TBI + saline, or TBI + FMT treatment groups. A moderate/severe TBI was induced by controlled cortical impact and Sham pigs underwent craniectomy surgery only. FMT or saline were administered by oral gavage daily for 7 days. MRI was performed 1 day (1D) and 7 days (7D) post TBI. Fecal and cecal samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Ipsilateral brain and ileum tissue samples were collected for histological assessment. Gait and behavior testing were conducted at multiple timepoints. MRI showed that FMT treated animals demonstrated decreased lesion volume and hemorrhage volume at 7D post TBI as compared to 1D post TBI. Histological analysis revealed improved neuron and oligodendrocyte survival and restored ileum tissue morphology at 7D post TBI in FMT treated animals. Microbiome analysis indicated decreased dysbiosis in FMT treated animals with an increase in multiple probiotic Lactobacilli species, associated with anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects, in the cecum of the FMT treated animals, while non-treated TBI animals showed an increase in pathogenic bacteria, associated with inflammation and disease such in feces. FMT mediated enhanced cellular and tissue recovery resulted in improved motor function including stride and step length and voluntary motor activity in FMT treated animals. Here we report for the first time in a highly translatable pediatric piglet TBI model, the potential of FMT treatment to significantly limit cellular and tissue damage leading to improved functional outcomes following a TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison M. Fagan
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Christina B. Welch
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kelly M. Scheulin
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Sydney E. Sneed
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Julie H. Jeon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Morgane E. Golan
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Savannah R. Cheek
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Deborah A. Barany
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Education, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Todd R. Callaway
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Qun Zhao
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hea Jin Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jeferson M. Lourenco
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kylee J. Duberstein
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Franklin D. West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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3
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Pugazenthi S, Hernandez-Rovira MA, Mitha R, Rogers JL, Lavadi RS, Kann MR, Cardozo MR, Hardi A, Elsayed GA, Joseph J, Housley SN, Agarwal N. Evaluating the state of non-invasive imaging biomarkers for traumatic brain injury. Neurosurg Rev 2023; 46:232. [PMID: 37682375 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-023-02085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive imaging biomarkers are useful for prognostication in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) at high risk for morbidity with invasive procedures. The authors present findings from a scoping review discussing the pertinent biomarkers. Embase, Ovid-MEDLINE, and Scopus were queried for original research on imaging biomarkers for prognostication of TBI in adult patients. Two reviewers independently screened articles, extracted data, and evaluated risk of bias. Data was synthesized and confidence evaluated with the linked evidence according to the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Our search yielded 3104 unique citations, 44 of which were included in this review. Study populations varied in TBI severity, as defined by Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), including: mild (n=9), mild and moderate (n=3), moderate and severe (n=7), severe (n=6), and all GCS scores (n=17). Diverse imaging modalities were used for prognostication, predominantly computed tomography (CT) only (n=11), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) only (n=9), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) (N=9). The biomarkers included diffusion coefficient mapping, metabolic characteristics, optic nerve sheath diameter, T1-weighted signal changes, cortical cerebral blood flow, axial versus extra-axial lesions, T2-weighted gradient versus spin echo, translocator protein levels, and trauma imaging of brainstem areas. The majority (93%) of studies identified that the imaging biomarker of interest had a statistically significant prognostic value; however, these are based on a very low to low level of quality of evidence. No study directly compared the effects on specific TBI treatments on the temporal course of imaging biomarkers. The current literature is insufficient to make a strong recommendation about a preferred imaging biomarker for TBI, especially considering GRADE criteria revealing low quality of evidence. Rigorous prospective research of imaging biomarkers of TBI is warranted to improve the understanding of TBI severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangami Pugazenthi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | | | - Rida Mitha
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - James L Rogers
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Raj Swaroop Lavadi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Michael R Kann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Miguel Ruiz Cardozo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Angela Hardi
- Becker Medical Library, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Galal A Elsayed
- Och Spine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New-York Presbyterian Hospital, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Jacob Joseph
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Stephen N Housley
- School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Nitin Agarwal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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Piçarra C, Winzeck S, Monteiro M, Mathieu F, Newcombe VF, Menon PDK, Ben Glocker P. Automatic localisation and per-region quantification of traumatic brain injury on head CT using atlas mapping. Eur J Radiol Open 2023; 10:100491. [PMID: 37287542 PMCID: PMC10241839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2023.100491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale and objectives To develop a method for automatic localisation of brain lesions on head CT, suitable for both population-level analysis and lesion management in a clinical setting. Materials and methods Lesions were located by mapping a bespoke CT brain atlas to the patient's head CT in which lesions had been previously segmented. The atlas mapping was achieved through robust intensity-based registration enabling the calculation of per-region lesion volumes. Quality control (QC) metrics were derived for automatic detection of failure cases. The CT brain template was built using 182 non-lesioned CT scans and an iterative template construction strategy. Individual brain regions in the CT template were defined via non-linear registration of an existing MRI-based brain atlas.Evaluation was performed on a multi-centre traumatic brain injury dataset (TBI) (n = 839 scans), including visual inspection by a trained expert. Two population-level analyses are presented as proof-of-concept: a spatial assessment of lesion prevalence, and an exploration of the distribution of lesion volume per brain region, stratified by clinical outcome. Results 95.7% of the lesion localisation results were rated by a trained expert as suitable for approximate anatomical correspondence between lesions and brain regions, and 72.5% for more quantitatively accurate estimates of regional lesion load. The classification performance of the automatic QC showed an AUC of 0.84 when compared to binarised visual inspection scores. The localisation method has been integrated into the publicly available Brain Lesion Analysis and Segmentation Tool for CT (BLAST-CT). Conclusion Automatic lesion localisation with reliable QC metrics is feasible and can be used for patient-level quantitative analysis of TBI, as well as for large-scale population analysis due to its computational efficiency (<2 min/scan on GPU).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Piçarra
- Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stefan Winzeck
- Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Miguel Monteiro
- Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Francois Mathieu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Prof David K. Menon
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Prof Ben Glocker
- Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Castaño-Leon AM, Sánchez Carabias C, Hilario A, Ramos A, Navarro-Main B, Paredes I, Munarriz PM, Panero I, Eiriz Fernández C, García-Pérez D, Moreno-Gomez LM, Esteban-Sinovas O, Garcia Posadas G, Gomez PA, Lagares A. Serum assessment of traumatic axonal injury: the correlation of GFAP, t-Tau, UCH-L1, and NfL levels with diffusion tensor imaging metrics and its prognosis utility. J Neurosurg 2023; 138:454-464. [PMID: 35901687 DOI: 10.3171/2022.5.jns22638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diagnosis of traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is challenging because of its underestimation by conventional MRI and the technical requirements associated with the processing of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Serum biomarkers seem to be able to identify patients with abnormal CT scanning findings, but their potential role to assess TAI has seldomly been explored. METHODS Patients with all severities of traumatic brain injury (TBI) were prospectively included in this study between 2016 and 2021. They underwent blood extraction within 24 hours after injury and imaging assessment, including DTI. Serum concentrations of glial fibrillary acidic protein, total microtubule-associated protein (t-Tau), ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) were measured using an ultrasensitive Simoa multiplex assay panel, a digital form of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended score was determined at 6 months after TBI. The relationships between biomarker concentrations, volumetric analysis of corpus callosum (CC) lesions, and fractional anisotropy (FA) were analyzed by nonparametric tests. The prognostic utility of the biomarker was determined by calculating the C-statistic and an ordinal regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 87 patients were included. Concentrations of all biomarkers were significantly higher for patients compared with controls. Although the concentration of the biomarkers was affected by the presence of mass lesions, FA of the CC was an independent factor influencing levels of UCH-L1 and NfL, which positioned these two biomarkers as better surrogates of TAI. Biomarkers also performed well in determining patients who would have had unfavorable outcome. NfL and the FA of the CC are independent complementary factors related to outcome. CONCLUSIONS UCH-L1 and NfL seem to be the biomarkers more specific to detect TAI. The concentration of NfL combined with the FA of the CC might help predict long-term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Castaño-Leon
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Research Institute i+12-CIBERESP, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | | | - Amaya Hilario
- 3Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | - Ana Ramos
- 3Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | - Blanca Navarro-Main
- 4Department of Psychiatry, Research Institute i+12-CIBERESP, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; and
| | - Igor Paredes
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Research Institute i+12-CIBERESP, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | - Pablo M Munarriz
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Research Institute i+12-CIBERESP, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | - Irene Panero
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Research Institute i+12-CIBERESP, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | - Carla Eiriz Fernández
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Research Institute i+12-CIBERESP, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | - Daniel García-Pérez
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Research Institute i+12-CIBERESP, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | - Luis Miguel Moreno-Gomez
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Research Institute i+12-CIBERESP, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | - Olga Esteban-Sinovas
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Research Institute i+12-CIBERESP, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | - Guillermo Garcia Posadas
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Research Institute i+12-CIBERESP, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | - Pedro A Gomez
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Research Institute i+12-CIBERESP, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | - Alfonso Lagares
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Research Institute i+12-CIBERESP, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid.,5Department of Surgery, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Boshra R, Eradath M, Dougherty K, Wu B, Morea BM, Harris M, Pinsk MA, Kastner S. Case studies in neuroscience: reversible signatures of edema following electric and piezoelectric craniotomy drilling in macaques. J Neurophysiol 2022; 128:919-926. [PMID: 36043799 PMCID: PMC9550573 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00108.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo electrophysiology requires direct access to brain tissue, necessitating the development and refinement of surgical procedures and techniques that promote the health and well-being of animal subjects. Here, we report a series of findings noted on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in monkeys with MRI-compatible implants following small craniotomies that provide access for intracranial electrophysiology. We found distinct brain regions exhibiting hyperintensities in T2-weighted scans that were prominent underneath the sites at which craniotomies had been performed. We interpreted these hyperintensities as edema of the neural tissue and found that they were predominantly present following electric and piezoelectric drilling, but not when manual, hand-operated drills were used. Furthermore, the anomalies subsided within 2-3 wk following surgery. Our report highlights the utility of MRI-compatible implants that promote clinical examination of the animal's brain, sometimes revealing findings that may go unnoticed when incompatible implants are used. We show replicable differences in outcome when using electric versus mechanical devices, both ubiquitous in the field. If electric drills are used, our report cautions against electrophysiological recordings from tissue directly underneath the craniotomy for the first 2-3 wk following the procedure due to putative edema.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Close examination of structural MRI in eight nonhuman primates following craniotomy surgeries for intracranial electrophysiology highlights a prevalence of hyperintensities on T2-weighted scans following surgeries conducted using electric and piezoelectric drills, but not when using mechanical, hand-operated drills. We interpret these anomalies as edema of neural tissue that resolved 2-3 wk postsurgery. This finding is especially of interest as electrophysiological recordings from compromised tissue may directly influence the integrity of collected data immediately following surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rober Boshra
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Manoj Eradath
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Kacie Dougherty
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Bichan Wu
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Britney M Morea
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Michael Harris
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Mark A Pinsk
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Sabine Kastner
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
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Rauchman SH, Albert J, Pinkhasov A, Reiss AB. Mild-to-Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review with Focus on the Visual System. Neurol Int 2022; 14:453-470. [PMID: 35736619 PMCID: PMC9227114 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint14020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major global public health problem. Neurological damage from TBI may be mild, moderate, or severe and occurs both immediately at the time of impact (primary injury) and continues to evolve afterwards (secondary injury). In mild (m)TBI, common symptoms are headaches, dizziness and fatigue. Visual impairment is especially prevalent. Insomnia, attentional deficits and memory problems often occur. Neuroimaging methods for the management of TBI include computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The location and the extent of injuries determine the motor and/or sensory deficits that result. Parietal lobe damage can lead to deficits in sensorimotor function, memory, and attention span. The processing of visual information may be disrupted, with consequences such as poor hand-eye coordination and balance. TBI may cause lesions in the occipital or parietal lobe that leave the TBI patient with incomplete homonymous hemianopia. Overall, TBI can interfere with everyday life by compromising the ability to work, sleep, drive, read, communicate and perform numerous activities previously taken for granted. Treatment and rehabilitation options available to TBI sufferers are inadequate and there is a pressing need for new ways to help these patients to optimize their functioning and maintain productivity and participation in life activities, family and community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H. Rauchman
- The Fresno Institute of Neuroscience, Fresno, CA 93730, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Jacqueline Albert
- Department of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (J.A.); (A.B.R.)
| | - Aaron Pinkhasov
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA;
| | - Allison B. Reiss
- Department of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (J.A.); (A.B.R.)
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8
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Baker CM, Cox AP, Hunsaker JC, Scoville J, Bollo RJ. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging may predict poor outcome in children with severe traumatic brain injuries who undergo cranial surgery. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2022; 29:407-411. [PMID: 35061988 DOI: 10.3171/2021.11.peds21486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple studies have evaluated the use of MRI for prognostication in pediatric patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and have found a correlation between diffuse axonal injury (DAI)-type lesions and outcome. However, there remains a limited understanding about the use of MRI for prognostication after severe TBI in children who have undergone cranial surgery. METHODS Children with severe TBI who underwent craniectomy or craniotomy at Primary Children's Hospital in Salt Lake City, Utah, between 2010 and 2019 were identified retrospectively. Of these 92 patients, 43 underwent postoperative brain MRI within 4 months of surgery. Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) and FLAIR sequences were used to designate areas of hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic cerebral lesions related to DAI. Patients were then stratified based on the location of the DAI as read by a neuroradiologist as superficial, deep, or brainstem. The location of the DAI and other variables associated with poor outcome, including Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, pediatric trauma score, mechanism of injury, and time to surgery, were analyzed for correlation with poor outcome. Outcomes were reported using the King's Outcome Scale for Childhood Head Injury (KOSCHI). RESULTS In the 43 children with severe TBI who underwent postoperative brain MRI, the median GCS score on arrival was 4. The most common cause of injury was falls (14 patients, 33%). The most common primary intracranial pathology was subdural hematoma in 26 patients (60%), followed by epidural hematoma in 9 (21%). Fifteen patients (35%) had cerebral herniation and 31 (72%) had evidence of contusion. Variables associated with poor outcome included cerebral herniation (r = 0.338, p = 0.027) and location of DAI (r = 0.319, p = 0.037). In a separate analysis, brainstem DAI was shown to predict poor outcome, whereas location (no, superficial, or deep DAI) did not. Logistic regression showed that brainstem DAI (OR 22.3, p = 0.020) had a higher odds ratio than cerebral herniation (OR 10.5, p = 0.044) for poor outcome. Thirty-six children (84%) had a satisfactory outcome at last follow-up; 3 (7%) children died. CONCLUSIONS The majority of children in this series who presented with a severe TBI and underwent craniectomy or craniotomy made a satisfactory recovery. In patients in whom there is a concern for poor outcome, the location of DAI-type lesions with SWI and FLAIR may assist in prognostication. The authors' results revealed that DAI-type lesions in the brainstem and evidence of cerebral herniation may indicate a poorer prognosis; however, more studies with larger cohorts are needed to make definitive conclusions.
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9
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Bergauer A, van Osch R, van Elferen S, Gyllvik S, Venkatesh H, Schreiber R. The diagnostic potential of fluid and imaging biomarkers in chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Pharmacotherapy 2022; 146:112602. [PMID: 35062068 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive, affective, and motor dysfunction. The main pathophysiological mechanisms are chronic neuroinflammation, hyper-phosphorylated tau (p-tau) accumulation and neurodegeneration. CTE is mostly caused by exposure to multiple mild traumatic brain injuries, placing people participating in, for example, high contact sports at increased risk. Currently, CTE can solely be diagnosed post mortem based on the spatial pattern of tau-accumulation. Herein, we review candidate imaging and molecular biomarkers for their sensitivity and specificity and we look whether these are sufficient for reliable ante mortem diagnosis. Of the imaging biomarkers, PET appears to have the best potential. Candidate fluid biomarkers consist of genes and proteins found in brain derived extracellular vesicles, as well as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) p-tau levels. However, neither these biomarkers nor the imaging biomarkers have the discriminatory power to differentiate between CTE and other tauopathies, highlighting the need for further validation. Future research could incorporate machine learning methodologies to differentiate between the tau accumulation patterns detected by PET/fMRI in Alzheimer's and CTE patients. Additionally, proteomic and metabolomic profiling of CSF and plasma associated with chronic mild traumatic brain injuries could highlight potential biomarkers for identifying at risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bergauer
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Robin van Osch
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Silke van Elferen
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Sofia Gyllvik
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Hrishikesh Venkatesh
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Rudy Schreiber
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
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10
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Hageman G, Hof J, Nihom J. Susceptibility-Weighted MRI and Microbleeds in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Prediction of Posttraumatic Complaints? Eur Neurol 2022; 85:177-185. [PMID: 35038701 DOI: 10.1159/000521389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only in 7-15% of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), traumatic CT-abnormalities are found. Nevertheless, 40% of mTBI patients suffer from posttraumatic complaints not resolving after 6 months. We discuss the ability of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), sensitive for microbleeds, to detect more subtle brain abnormalities. SUMMARY After a search on PubMed, we selected 15 studies on SWI in adult mTBI patients; 11 studies on 3T MRI, and 4 studies on 1.5T MRI. All 1.5T studies showed that, compared to T2, gradient echo, diffusion-weighted imaging, or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences, SWI is more sensitive for microbleeds. Only two 1.5T studies described the association between SWI findings and outcome. In 3 of the 4 studies, no control group was present. The mean number of microbleeds varied from 3.2 to 6.4 per patient. In the 3T studies, the percentage of patients with traumatic microbleeds varied from 5.7 to 28.8%, compared to 0-13.3% in normal controls. Microbleeds were particularly located subcortical or juxtacortical. The number of microbleeds in mTBI varied from 1 to 10 per patient. mTBI patients with microbleeds appeared to have higher symptom severity at 12 months and perform worse on tests of psychomotor speed and speed of information processing after 3 and 12 months, compared to mTBI patients without microbleeds. Key Messages: There is some evidence that traumatic microbleeds predict cognitive outcome and persistent posttraumatic complaints in patients with mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Hageman
- Department of Neurology, Medical Spectrum Twente, Hospital Enschede, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jurrit Hof
- Department of Radiology, Medical Spectrum Twente, Hospital Enschede, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jik Nihom
- Department of Neurology, Medical Spectrum Twente, Hospital Enschede, Enschede, The Netherlands
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11
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Young MJ, Sanders WR, Marujo R, Bodien YG, Edlow BL. Return to Work Within Four Months of Grade 3 Diffuse Axonal Injury. Neurohospitalist 2022; 12:280-284. [PMID: 35419140 PMCID: PMC8995586 DOI: 10.1177/19418744211051459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroprognostication following diffuse axonal injury (DAI) has historically relied on neuroimaging techniques with lower spatial resolution and contrast than techniques currently available in clinical practice. Since the initial studies of DAI classification and prognosis in the 1980s and 1990s, advances in neuroimaging have improved detection of brainstem microbleeds, a hallmark feature of Grade 3 DAI that has traditionally been associated with poor neurologic outcome. Here, we report clinical and radiologic data from two patients with severe traumatic brain injury and grade 3 DAI who recovered functional independence and returned to work within 4 months of injury. Importantly, both patients were scanned using 3 Tesla MRI protocols that included susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), a technique that provides enhanced sensitivity for detecting brainstem microbleeds. These observations highlight the importance of developing approaches to DAI classification and prognosis that better align with contemporary neuroimaging capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Young
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Safra Center for Ethics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William R. Sanders
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rose Marujo
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yelena G. Bodien
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Brian L. Edlow
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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12
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Bohyn C, Vyvere TV, Keyzer FD, Sima DM, Demaerel P. Morphometric evaluation of traumatic axonal injury and the correlation with post-traumatic cerebral atrophy and functional outcome. Neuroradiol J 2021; 35:468-476. [PMID: 34643120 PMCID: PMC9437508 DOI: 10.1177/19714009211049714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up of traumatic brain injury. Whereas computed tomography plays a pivotal role in the acute setting, magnetic resonance imaging is best suited to detect the true extent of traumatic brain injury, and more specifically diffuse axonal injury. Post-traumatic brain atrophy is a well-known complication of traumatic brain injury. PURPOSE This study investigated the correlation between diffuse axonal injury detected with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and susceptibility-weighted imaging magnetic resonance imaging, post-traumatic brain atrophy and functional outcome (Glasgow outcome scale - extended). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty patients with a closed head injury and diffuse axonal injury detected with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and susceptibility-weighted imaging were included. The total volumes of the diffuse axonal injury fluid-attenuated inversion recovery lesions were determined for each subject's initial (<14 days) and follow-up magnetic resonance scan (average: day 303 ± 83 standard deviation). The different brain volumes were automatically quantified using a validated and both US Food and Drug Administration-cleared and CE-marked machine learning algorithm (icobrain). The number of susceptibility-weighted imaging lesions and functional outcome scores (Glasgow outcome scale - extended) were retrieved from the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research Traumatic Brain Injury dataset. RESULTS The volumetric fluid-attenuated inversion recovery diffuse axonal injury lesion load showed a significant inverse correlation with functional outcome (Glasgow outcome scale - extended) (r = -0.57; P = 0.0094) and white matter volume change (r = -0.50; P = 0.027). In addition, white matter volume change correlated significantly with the Glasgow outcome scale - extended score (P = 0.0072; r = 0.58). Moreover, there was a strong inverse correlation between longitudinal fluid-attenuated inversion recovery lesion volume change and whole brain volume change (r = -0.63; P = 0.0028). No significant correlation existed between the number of diffuse axonal injury susceptibility-weighted imaging lesions, brain atrophy and functional outcome. CONCLUSIONS Volumetric analysis of diffuse axonal injury on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging and automated brain atrophy calculation are potentially useful tools in the clinical management and follow-up of traumatic brain injury patients with diffuse axonal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Bohyn
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Frederik De Keyzer
- Department of Medical Physics and Quality Control, University Hospital Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Javeed F, Rehman L, Afzal A, Abbas A. Outcome of diffuse axonal injury in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury. Surg Neurol Int 2021; 12:384. [PMID: 34513151 PMCID: PMC8422474 DOI: 10.25259/sni_573_2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a common presentation in neurotrauma. Prognosis is variable but can be dependent on the initial presentation of the patient. In our study, we evaluated the outcome of diffuse axonal injury. Methods: This study was conducted at a tertiary care center from September 2018 to December 2019 and included 133 adult patients with moderate or severe head injury (GCS ≤ 12) diagnosed to have the DAI on the basis of MRI. At 3 months, the result was assessed using the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS-E). Results: There were a total of 97 (72.9%) males and 36 (27.1%) females with an average age of 32.4 ± 10 years with a mean GCS of 9 at admission. The most common mode of head trauma was road traffic accidents (RTAs) in 51.9% of patients followed by fall from height in 27.1%. Most patients were admitted with moderate traumatic brain injury (64.7%) and suffered Grade I diffuse axonal injury (41.4%). The average hospital stay was 9 days but majority of patients stayed in hospital for ≤ 11 days. At 3 months, mortality rate was 25.6% and satisfactory outcome observed in 48.1% of patients. The highest mortality was observed in the Grade III DAI. Conclusion: We conclude that the severity of the traumatic head injury and the grade of the DAI impact the outcome. Survivors require long-term hospitalization and rehabilitation to improve their chances of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrukh Javeed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Lal Rehman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ali Afzal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Asad Abbas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan
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14
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Castaño-Leon AM, Cicuendez M, Navarro-Main B, Paredes I, Munarriz PM, Hilario A, Ramos A, Gomez PA, Lagares A. Traumatic axonal injury: is the prognostic information produced by conventional MRI and DTI complementary or supplementary? J Neurosurg 2021; 136:242-256. [PMID: 34214979 DOI: 10.3171/2020.11.jns203124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A traumatic axonal injury (TAI) diagnosis has traditionally been based on conventional MRI, especially on those sequences with a higher sensitivity to edema and blood degradation products. A more recent technique, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), can infer the microstructure of white matter (WM) due to the restricted diffusion of water in organized tissues. However, there is little information regarding the correlation of the findings obtained by both methods and their use for outcome prognosis. The main objectives of this study were threefold: 1) study the correlation between DTI metrics and conventional MRI findings; 2) evaluate whether the prognostic information provided by the two techniques is supplementary or complementary; and 3) determine the incremental value of the addition of these variables compared to a traditional prognostic model. METHODS The authors studied 185 patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) who underwent MRI with DTI study during the subacute stage. The number and volume of lesions in hemispheric subcortical WM, corpus callosum (CC), basal ganglia, thalamus, and brainstem in at least four conventional MRI sequences (T1-weighted, T2-weighted, FLAIR, T2* gradient recalled echo, susceptibility-weighted imaging, and diffusion-weighted imaging) were determined. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was measured in 28 WM bundles using the region of interest method. Nonparametric tests were used to evaluate the colocalization of macroscopic lesions and FA. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the independent prognostic value of each neuroimaging modality after adjustment for relevant clinical covariates, and the internal validation of the model was evaluated in a contemporary cohort of 92 patients. RESULTS Differences in the lesion load between patients according to their severity and outcome were found. Colocalization of macroscopic nonhemorrhagic TAI lesions (not microbleeds) and lower FA was limited to the internal and external capsule, corona radiata, inferior frontooccipital fasciculus, CC, and brainstem. However, a significant association between the FA value and the identification of macroscopic lesions in distant brain regions was also detected. Specifically, lower values of FA of some hemispheric WM bundles and the splenium of the CC were related to a higher number and volume of hyperintensities in the brainstem. The regression analysis revealed that age, motor score, hypoxia, FA of the genu of the CC, characterization of TAI lesions in the CC, and the presence of thalamic/basal ganglia lesions were independent prognostic factors. The performance of the proposed model was higher than that of the IMPACT (International Mission on Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials in TBI) model in the validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS Very limited colocalization of hyperintensities (none for microbleeds) with FA values was discovered. DTI and conventional MRI provide complementary prognostic information, and their combination can improve the performance of traditional prognostic models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Cicuendez
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Universidad de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Igor Paredes
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and Research Institute i+12-CIBERESP, and
| | - Pablo M Munarriz
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and Research Institute i+12-CIBERESP, and
| | - Amaya Hilario
- 3Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda de Cordoba SN, Madrid; and
| | - Ana Ramos
- 3Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda de Cordoba SN, Madrid; and
| | - Pedro A Gomez
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and Research Institute i+12-CIBERESP, and
| | - Alfonso Lagares
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and Research Institute i+12-CIBERESP, and
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15
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Lenzoni S, Baker J, Sumich AL, Mograbi DC. New insights into neural networks of error monitoring and clinical implications: a systematic review of ERP studies in neurological diseases. Rev Neurosci 2021; 33:161-179. [PMID: 34214387 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Error monitoring allows for the efficient performance of goal-directed behaviors and successful learning. Furthermore, error monitoring as a metacognitive ability may play a crucial role for neuropsychological interventions, such as rehabilitation. In the past decades, research has suggested two electrophysiological markers for error monitoring: the error-related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe), thought to reflect, respectively, error detection and error awareness. Studies on several neurological diseases have investigated the alteration of the ERN and the Pe, but these findings have not been summarized. Accordingly, a systematic review was conducted to understand what neurological conditions present alterations of error monitoring event-related potentials and their relation with clinical measures. Overall, ERN tended to be reduced in most neurological conditions while results related to Pe integrity are less clear. ERN and Pe were found to be associated with several measures of clinical severity. Additionally, we explored the contribution of different brain structures to neural networks underlying error monitoring, further elaborating on the domain-specificity of error processing and clinical implications of findings. In conclusion, electrophysiological signatures of error monitoring could be reliable measures of neurological dysfunction and a robust tool in neuropsychological rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Lenzoni
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical University of Rio de Janeiro, 22451-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, NG1 4FQ, Nottingham, UK
| | - Joshua Baker
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, NG1 4FQ, Nottingham, UK.,Institute for Systems Neuroscience, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander L Sumich
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, NG1 4FQ, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, 1010, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Daniel C Mograbi
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical University of Rio de Janeiro, 22451-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
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16
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Moe HK, Vik A, Flusund AMH, Stenberg J, Skandsen T, Moen KG. Letter to the editor: Grading of traumatic axonal injury on clinical MRI and functional outcome. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2021; 163:1443-1444. [PMID: 33630141 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-021-04759-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Kristian Moe
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Anne Vik
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne-Mari Holte Flusund
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Radiology, Molde Hospital, Molde, Norway
| | - Jonas Stenberg
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Toril Skandsen
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kent Gøran Moen
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Radiology, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
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17
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Wang H, Baker EW, Mandal A, Pidaparti RM, West FD, Kinder HA. Identification of predictive MRI and functional biomarkers in a pediatric piglet traumatic brain injury model. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:338-344. [PMID: 32859794 PMCID: PMC7896230 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.290915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) at a young age can lead to the development of long-term functional impairments. Severity of injury is well demonstrated to have a strong influence on the extent of functional impairments; however, identification of specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers that are most reflective of injury severity and functional prognosis remain elusive. Therefore, the objective of this study was to utilize advanced statistical approaches to identify clinically relevant MRI biomarkers and predict functional outcomes using MRI metrics in a translational large animal piglet TBI model. TBI was induced via controlled cortical impact and multiparametric MRI was performed at 24 hours and 12 weeks post-TBI using T1-weighted, T2-weighted, T2-weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery, diffusion-weighted imaging, and diffusion tensor imaging. Changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters were also assessed using an automated gait mat at 24 hours and 12 weeks post-TBI. Principal component analysis was performed to determine the MRI metrics and spatiotemporal gait parameters that explain the largest sources of variation within the datasets. We found that linear combinations of lesion size and midline shift acquired using T2-weighted imaging explained most of the variability of the data at both 24 hours and 12 weeks post-TBI. In addition, linear combinations of velocity, cadence, and stride length were found to explain most of the gait data variability at 24 hours and 12 weeks post-TBI. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine if MRI metrics are predictive of changes in gait. We found that both lesion size and midline shift are significantly correlated with decreases in stride and step length. These results from this study provide an important first step at identifying relevant MRI and functional biomarkers that are predictive of functional outcomes in a clinically relevant piglet TBI model. This study was approved by the University of Georgia Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (AUP: A2015 11-001) on December 22, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Wang
- Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Emily W Baker
- Regenerative Bioscience Center; Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Abhyuday Mandal
- Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Franklin D West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center; Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Holly A Kinder
- Regenerative Bioscience Center; Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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18
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Weppner J, Ide W, Tu J, Boomgaardt J, Chang A, Suskauer S. Prognostication and Determinants of Outcome in Adults and Children with Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. CURRENT PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40141-020-00298-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Panwar J, Hsu CCT, Tator CH, Mikulis D. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Criteria for Post-Concussion Syndrome: A Study of 127 Post-Concussion Syndrome Patients. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:1190-1196. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Panwar
- Department of Radiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Charlie Chia-Tsong Hsu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Gold Coast University Hospital, Brisbane, Southport, Australia
| | - Charles H. Tator
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Mikulis
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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20
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van Eijck MM, Herklots MW, Peluso J, Schoonman GG, Oldenbeuving AW, de Vries J, van der Naalt J, Roks G. Accuracy in prediction of long-term functional outcome in patients with traumatic axonal injury: a comparison of MRI scales. Brain Inj 2020; 34:595-601. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2020.1741683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marleen Maria van Eijck
- Department of Trauma TopCare, ETZ Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, ETZ Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jo Peluso
- Department of Radiology, ETZ Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jolanda de Vries
- Department of Trauma TopCare, ETZ Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- CoRPS, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Joukje van der Naalt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerwin Roks
- Department of Trauma TopCare, ETZ Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, ETZ Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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21
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Neurostereologic Lesion Volumes and Spreading Depolarizations in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: A Pilot Study. Neurocrit Care 2020; 30:557-568. [PMID: 30972614 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-019-00692-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spreading depolarizations (SDs) occur in 50-60% of patients after surgical treatment of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and are independently associated with unfavorable outcomes. Here we performed a pilot study to examine the relationship between SDs and various types of intracranial lesions, progression of parenchymal damage, and outcomes. METHODS In a multicenter study, fifty patients (76% male; median age 40) were monitored for SD by continuous electrocorticography (ECoG; median duration 79 h) following surgical treatment of severe TBI. Volumes of hemorrhage and parenchymal damage were estimated using unbiased stereologic assessment of preoperative, postoperative, and post-ECoG serial computed tomography (CT) studies. Neurologic outcomes were assessed at 6 months by the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended. RESULTS Preoperative volumes of subdural and subarachnoid hemorrhage, but not parenchymal damage, were significantly associated with the occurrence of SDs (P's < 0.05). Parenchymal damage increased significantly (median 34 ml [Interquartile range (IQR) - 2, 74]) over 7 (5, 8) days from preoperative to post-ECoG CT studies. Patients with and without SDs did not differ in extent of parenchymal damage increase [47 ml (3, 101) vs. 30 ml (- 2, 50), P = 0.27], but those exhibiting the isoelectric subtype of SDs had greater initial parenchymal damage and greater increases than other patients (P's < 0.05). Patients with temporal clusters of SDs (≥ 3 in 2 h; n = 10 patients), which included those with isoelectric SDs, had worse outcomes than those without clusters (P = 0.03), and parenchymal damage expansion also correlated with worse outcomes (P = 0.01). In multivariate regression with imputation, both clusters and lesion expansion were significant outcome predictors. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that subarachnoid and subdural blood are important primary injury factors in provoking SDs and that clustered SDs and parenchymal lesion expansion contribute independently to worse patient outcomes. These results warrant future prospective studies using detailed quantification of TBI lesion types to better understand the relationship between anatomic and physiologic measures of secondary injury.
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22
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Andreasen SH, Andersen KW, Conde V, Dyrby TB, Puonti O, Kammersgaard LP, Madsen CG, Madsen KH, Poulsen I, Siebner HR. Limited Colocalization of Microbleeds and Microstructural Changes after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2019; 37:581-592. [PMID: 31588844 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) produces shearing forces on long-range axons and brain vessels, causing axonal and vascular injury. To examine whether microbleeds and axonal injury colocalize after TBI, we performed whole-brain susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in 14 patients during the subacute phase after severe TBI. SWI was used to determine the number and volumes of microbleeds in five brain regions: the frontotemporal lobe; parieto-occipital lobe; midsagittal region (cingular cortex, parasagittal white matter, and corpus callosum); deep nuclei (basal ganglia and thalamus); and brainstem. Averaged fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were measured to assess microstructural changes in the normal appearing white matter attributed to axonal injury in the same five regions. Regional expressions of microbleeds and microstructure were used in a partial least-squares model to predict the impairment of consciousness in the subacute stage after TBI as measured with the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R). Only in the midsagittal region, the expression of microbleeds was correlated with regional changes in microstructure as revealed by DTI. Microbleeds and microstructural DTI-based metrics of deep, but not superficial, brain regions were able to predict individual CRS-R. Our results suggest that microbleeds are not strictly related to axonal pathology in other than the midsagittal region. While each measure alone was predictive, the combination of both metrics scaled best with individual CRS-R. Structural alterations in deep brain structures are relevant in terms of determining the severity of impaired consciousness in the acute stage after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara H Andreasen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Research Unit on Brain Injury Rehabilitation Copenhagen (RUBRIC), Department of Neurorehabilitation, Traumatic Brain Injury, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper W Andersen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Virginia Conde
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tim B Dyrby
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Oula Puonti
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lars Peter Kammersgaard
- Research Unit on Brain Injury Rehabilitation Copenhagen (RUBRIC), Department of Neurorehabilitation, Traumatic Brain Injury, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla G Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer H Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ingrid Poulsen
- Research Unit on Brain Injury Rehabilitation Copenhagen (RUBRIC), Department of Neurorehabilitation, Traumatic Brain Injury, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department for Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Cicuendez M, Castaño-León A, Ramos A, Hilario A, Gómez PA, Lagares A. The added prognostic value of magnetic resonance imaging in traumatic brain injury: The importance of traumatic axonal injury when performing ordinal logistic regression. J Neuroradiol 2019; 46:299-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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24
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Kinder HA, Baker EW, Wang S, Fleischer CC, Howerth EW, Duberstein KJ, Mao H, Platt SR, West FD. Traumatic Brain Injury Results in Dynamic Brain Structure Changes Leading to Acute and Chronic Motor Function Deficits in a Pediatric Piglet Model. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:2930-2942. [PMID: 31084386 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in children. Pediatric TBI patients often suffer from crippling cognitive, emotional, and motor function deficits that have negative lifelong effects. The objective of this study was to longitudinally assess TBI pathophysiology using multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), gait analysis, and histological approaches in a pediatric piglet model. TBI was produced by controlled cortical impact in Landrace piglets. MRI data, including from proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), were collected 24 hours and 12 weeks post-TBI, and gait analysis was performed at multiple time-points over 12 weeks post-TBI. A subset of animals was sacrificed 24 hours, 1 week, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks post-TBI for histological analysis. MRI results demonstrated that TBI led to a significant brain lesion and midline shift as well as microscopic tissue damage with altered brain diffusivity, decreased white matter integrity, and reduced cerebral blood flow. MRS showed a range of neurochemical changes after TBI. Histological analysis revealed neuronal loss, astrogliosis/astrocytosis, and microglia activation. Further, gait analysis showed transient impairments in cadence, cycle time, % stance, step length, and stride length, as well as long-term impairments in weight distribution after TBI. Taken together, this study illustrates the distinct time course of TBI pathoanatomic and functional responses up to 12 weeks post-TBI in a piglet TBI model. The study of TBI injury and recovery mechanisms, as well as the testing of therapeutics in this translational model, are likely to be more predictive of human responses and clinical outcomes compared to traditional small animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A Kinder
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Emily W Baker
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Silun Wang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Candace C Fleischer
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elizabeth W Howerth
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Kylee J Duberstein
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Simon R Platt
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Franklin D West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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25
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Vander Linden C, Verhelst H, Genbrugge E, Deschepper E, Caeyenberghs K, Vingerhoets G, Deblaere K. Is diffuse axonal injury on susceptibility weighted imaging a biomarker for executive functioning in adolescents with traumatic brain injury? Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2019; 23:525-536. [PMID: 31023628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a heterogeneous disorder in which diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is an important component contributing to executive dysfunction. During adolescence, developing brain networks are especially vulnerable to acceleration-deceleration forces. We aimed to examine the correlation between DAI (number and localization) and executive functioning in adolescents with TBI. We recruited 18 adolescents with a mean age of 15y8m (SD = 1y7m), averaging 2.5 years after sustaining a moderate-to-severe TBI with documented DAI. Susceptibility Weighted Imaging sequence was administered to localize the DAI lesions. The adolescents performed a neurocognitive test-battery, addressing different aspects of executive functioning (working memory, attention, processing speed, planning ability) and their parents completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) - questionnaire. Executive performance of the TBI-group was compared with an age and gender matched control group of typically developing peers. Based on these results we focused on the Stockings of Cambridge test and the BRIEF to correlate with the total number and location of DAI. Results revealed that the anatomical distribution of DAI, especially in the corpus callosum and the deep brain nuclei, may have more implications for executive functioning than the total amount of DAI in adolescents. Results of this study may help guide targeted rehabilitation to redirect the disturbed development of executive function in adolescents with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharine Vander Linden
- Ghent University Hospital, Child Rehabilitation Center K7, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Helena Verhelst
- Ghent University, Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Eva Genbrugge
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Neuroradiology, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ellen Deschepper
- Ghent University, Biostatistics Unit, Department of Public Health, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Karen Caeyenberghs
- Australian Catholic University, Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Level 5, 215 Spring Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Guy Vingerhoets
- Ghent University, Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Karel Deblaere
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Neuroradiology, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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26
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Noh D, Choi S, Choi H, Lee Y, Lee K. Evaluating traumatic brain injury using conventional magnetic resonance imaging and susceptibility-weighted imaging in dogs. J Vet Sci 2019; 20:e10. [PMID: 30944533 PMCID: PMC6441800 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.e10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence used for evaluating traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although SWI is being increasingly used in veterinary medicine, there are no systematic studies regarding its use. We aimed to evaluate TBI lesions by using conventional MRI and SWI in 11 dogs and determine the correlation between clinical status and conventional MRI or SWI findings. The modified Glasgow coma scale (MGCS) at presentation and a previously used MRI grading system (MRGr; grades 1–6) were used to evaluate the brain lesions, and correlations between MGCS score and each MRGr were assessed. Conventional MRI revealed 23 lesions in 11 dogs with variable MGCS scores (range: 11–17). SWI showed comparable findings for all of the lesions except for subdural hemorrhage, and it revealed additional lesions in four dogs. The median MRGr was 2 on both conventional MRI and SWI. The MRGr of the conventional MRI assessments and the MGCS scores showed a significant negative correlation (r = −0.685). In conclusion, SWI had better TBI lesion-detection ability, but conventional MRI had a better correlation with early clinical status and subdural hemorrhage. Thus, a combination of conventional MRI and SWI examinations can improve TBI diagnosis in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daji Noh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Sooyoung Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Hojung Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Youngwon Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Kija Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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27
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Kinder HA, Baker EW, West FD. The pig as a preclinical traumatic brain injury model: current models, functional outcome measures, and translational detection strategies. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:413-424. [PMID: 30539807 PMCID: PMC6334610 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.245334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major contributor of long-term disability and a leading cause of death worldwide. A series of secondary injury cascades can contribute to cell death, tissue loss, and ultimately to the development of functional impairments. However, there are currently no effective therapeutic interventions that improve brain outcomes following TBI. As a result, a number of experimental TBI models have been developed to recapitulate TBI injury mechanisms and to test the efficacy of potential therapeutics. The pig model has recently come to the forefront as the pig brain is closer in size, structure, and composition to the human brain compared to traditional rodent models, making it an ideal large animal model to study TBI pathophysiology and functional outcomes. This review will focus on the shared characteristics between humans and pigs that make them ideal for modeling TBI and will review the three most common pig TBI models-the diffuse axonal injury, the controlled cortical impact, and the fluid percussion models. It will also review current advances in functional outcome assessment measures and other non-invasive, translational TBI detection and measurement tools like biomarker analysis and magnetic resonance imaging. The use of pigs as TBI models and the continued development and improvement of translational assessment modalities have made significant contributions to unraveling the complex cascade of TBI sequela and provide an important means to study potential clinically relevant therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A Kinder
- Regenerative Bioscience Center; Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Emily W Baker
- Regenerative Bioscience Center; Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Franklin D West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center; Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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28
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Ichkova A, Fukuda AM, Nishiyama N, Paris G, Obenaus A, Badaut J. Small Interference RNA Targeting Connexin-43 Improves Motor Function and Limits Astrogliosis After Juvenile Traumatic Brain Injury. ASN Neuro 2019; 11:1759091419847090. [PMID: 31194577 PMCID: PMC6566476 DOI: 10.1177/1759091419847090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile traumatic brain injury (jTBI) is the leading cause of death and disability for children and adolescents worldwide, but there are no pharmacological treatments available. Aquaporin 4 (AQP4), an astrocytic perivascular protein, is increased after jTBI, and inhibition of its expression with small interference RNA mitigates edema formation and reduces the number of reactive astrocytes after jTBI. Due to the physical proximity of AQP4 and gap junctions, coregulation of AQP4 and connexin 43 (Cx43) expressions, and the possibility of water diffusion via gap junctions, we decided to address the potential role of astrocytic gap junctions in jTBI pathophysiology. We evaluated the role of Cx43 in the spread of the secondary injuries via the astrocyte network, such as edema formation associated with blood–brain barrier dysfunctions, astrogliosis, and behavioral outcome. We observed that Cx43 was altered after jTBI with increased expression in the perilesional cortex and in the hippocampus at several days post injury. In a second set of experiments, cortical injection of small interference RNA against Cx43 decreased Cx43 protein expression, improved motor function recovery, and decreased astrogliosis but did not result in differences in edema formation as measured via T2-weighted imaging or diffusion-weighted imaging at 1 day or 3 days. Based on our findings, we can speculate that while decreasing Cx43 has beneficial roles, it likely does not contribute to the spread of edema early after jTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew M. Fukuda
- Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Medical Center, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Nina Nishiyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Medical Center, CA, USA
| | - Germaine Paris
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Medical Center, CA, USA
| | - Andre Obenaus
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Medical Center, CA, USA
- Center for Glial-Neuronal Interactions, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jerome Badaut
- CNRS UMR5287, University of Bordeaux, France
- Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Medical Center, CA, USA
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29
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Baker EW, Kinder HA, Hutcheson JM, Duberstein KJJ, Platt SR, Howerth EW, West FD. Controlled Cortical Impact Severity Results in Graded Cellular, Tissue, and Functional Responses in a Piglet Traumatic Brain Injury Model. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:61-73. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emily W. Baker
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Holly A. Kinder
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Jessica M. Hutcheson
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Kylee Jo J. Duberstein
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Simon R. Platt
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Elizabeth W. Howerth
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Franklin D. West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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30
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van Eijck M, van der Naalt J, de Jongh M, Schoonman G, Oldenbeuving A, Peluso J, de Vries J, Roks G. Patients with Diffuse Axonal Injury Can Recover to a Favorable Long-Term Functional and Quality of Life Outcome. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:2357-2364. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marleen van Eijck
- Trauma TopCare and Departments of, Elisabeth Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Neurology, Elisabeth Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Joukje van der Naalt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska de Jongh
- Trauma TopCare and Departments of, Elisabeth Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Network Emergency Care Brabant, Brabant Trauma Registry, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Guus Schoonman
- Trauma TopCare and Departments of, Elisabeth Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Neurology, Elisabeth Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jo Peluso
- Radiology, Elisabeth Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda de Vries
- Trauma TopCare and Departments of, Elisabeth Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Medical Psychology, Elisabeth Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- CoRPS, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Gerwin Roks
- Trauma TopCare and Departments of, Elisabeth Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Neurology, Elisabeth Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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31
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Missault S, Anckaerts C, Blockx I, Deleye S, Van Dam D, Barriche N, De Pauw G, Aertgeerts S, Valkenburg F, De Deyn PP, Verhaeghe J, Wyffels L, Van der Linden A, Staelens S, Verhoye M, Dedeurwaerdere S. Neuroimaging of Subacute Brain Inflammation and Microstructural Changes Predicts Long-Term Functional Outcome after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 36:768-788. [PMID: 30032713 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently a lack of prognostic biomarkers to predict the different sequelae following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The present study investigated the hypothesis that subacute neuroinflammation and microstructural changes correlate with chronic TBI deficits. Rats were subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury, sham surgery, or skin incision (naïve). CCI-injured (n = 18) and sham-operated rats (n = 6) underwent positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) radioligand [18F]PBR111 and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the subacute phase (≤3 weeks post-injury) to quantify inflammation and microstructural alterations. CCI-injured, sham-operated, and naïve rats (n = 8) underwent behavioral testing in the chronic phase (5.5-10 months post-injury): open field and sucrose preference tests, two one-week video-electroencephalogram (vEEG) monitoring periods, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) seizure susceptibility tests, and a Morris water maze (MWM) test. In vivo imaging revealed pronounced neuroinflammation, decreased fractional anisotropy, and increased diffusivity in perilesional cortex and ipsilesional hippocampus of CCI-injured rats. Behavioral analysis revealed disinhibition, anhedonia, increased seizure susceptibility, and impaired learning in CCI-injured rats. Subacute TSPO expression and changes in DTI metrics significantly correlated with several chronic deficits (Pearson's |r| = 0.50-0.90). Certain specific PET and DTI parameters had good sensitivity and specificity (area under the receiver operator characteristic [ROC] curve = 0.85-1.00) to distinguish between TBI animals with and without particular behavioral deficits. Depending on the investigated behavioral deficit, PET or DTI data alone, or the combination, could very well predict the variability in functional outcome data (adjusted R2 = 0.54-1.00). Taken together, both TSPO PET and DTI seem promising prognostic biomarkers to predict different chronic TBI sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Missault
- 1 Experimental Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience and Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Belgium .,2 Bio-Imaging Lab, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Cynthia Anckaerts
- 2 Bio-Imaging Lab, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ines Blockx
- 2 Bio-Imaging Lab, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Steven Deleye
- 3 Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Debby Van Dam
- 4 Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) , Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nora Barriche
- 1 Experimental Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience and Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Glenn De Pauw
- 1 Experimental Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience and Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Aertgeerts
- 1 Experimental Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience and Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Femke Valkenburg
- 4 Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) , Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Paul De Deyn
- 4 Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) , Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Verhaeghe
- 3 Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Leonie Wyffels
- 3 Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Belgium .,5 Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Antwerp , Edegem, Belgium
| | - Annemie Van der Linden
- 2 Bio-Imaging Lab, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Steven Staelens
- 3 Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Marleen Verhoye
- 2 Bio-Imaging Lab, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Dedeurwaerdere
- 6 Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Belgium
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32
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SS-31 Provides Neuroprotection by Reversing Mitochondrial Dysfunction after Traumatic Brain Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4783602. [PMID: 30224944 PMCID: PMC6129854 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4783602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
SS-31, a novel mitochondria-targeted peptide, has been proven to provide neuroprotection in a variety of neurological diseases. Its role as a mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in traumatic brain injury (TBI) are still not well understood. The aim of the designed study was to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of SS-31 and fulfill our understanding of the process of the mitochondrial change in the modified Marmarou weight-drop model of TBI. Mice were randomly divided into sham, TBI, TBI + vehicle, and TBI + SS-31 groups in this study. Peptide SS-31 (5 mg/kg) or vehicle was intraperitoneally administrated 30 min after TBI with brain samples harvested 24 h later for further analysis. SS-31 treatment significantly reversed mitochondrial dysfunction and ameliorated secondary brain injury caused by TBI. SS-31 can directly decrease the ROS content, restore the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and decrease the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the release of cytochrome c, thus attenuating neurological deficits, brain water content, DNA damage, and neural apoptosis. Moreover, SS-31 restored the expression of SIRT1 and upregulated the nuclear translocation of PGC-1α, which were proved by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Taken together, these data demonstrate that SS-31 improves the mitochondrial function and provides neuroprotection in mice after TBI potentially through enhanced mitochondrial rebiogenesis. The present study gives us an implication for further clinical research.
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33
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Kirov II, Whitlow CT, Zamora C. Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Concussion. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2018; 28:91-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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34
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van Eijck MM, Schoonman GG, van der Naalt J, de Vries J, Roks G. Diffuse axonal injury after traumatic brain injury is a prognostic factor for functional outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Inj 2018; 32:395-402. [PMID: 29381396 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2018.1429018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prognosis of adult patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and diffuse axonal injury (DAI). METHODS Online search (PubMed, Embase and Ovid Science Direct) of articles providing information about outcome in (1) patients with DAI in general, (2) DAI vs. non-DAI, (3) related to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) classification and (4) related to lesion location/load. A reference check and quality assessment were performed. RESULTS A total of 32 articles were included. TBI patients with DAI had a favourable outcome in 62%. The risk of unfavourable outcome in TBI with DAI was three times higher than in TBI without DAI. Odds ratio (OR) for unfavourable outcome was 2.9 per increase of DAI grade on MRI. Lesions located in the corpus callosum were associated with an unfavourable outcome. Other specific lesion locations and lesions count showed inconsistent results regarding outcome. Lesion volume was predictive for outcome only on apparent diffusion coefficient and fluid attenuation inversion recovery MRI sequences. CONCLUSIONS Presence of DAI on MRI in patients with TBI results in a higher chance of unfavourable outcome. With MRI grading, OR for unfavourable outcome increases threefold with every grade. Lesions in the corpus callosum in particular are associated with an unfavourable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen Maria van Eijck
- a Department of Neurology , Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital , Tilburg , The Netherlands.,b Trauma TopCare , Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital , Tilburg , The Netherlands
| | - Guus Geurt Schoonman
- a Department of Neurology , Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital , Tilburg , The Netherlands.,b Trauma TopCare , Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital , Tilburg , The Netherlands
| | - Joukje van der Naalt
- c Department of Neurology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda de Vries
- b Trauma TopCare , Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital , Tilburg , The Netherlands.,d Department of Medical Psychology , Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital , Tilburg , The Netherlands.,e CoRPS, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology , Tilburg University , Tilburg , The Netherlands
| | - Gerwin Roks
- a Department of Neurology , Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital , Tilburg , The Netherlands.,b Trauma TopCare , Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital , Tilburg , The Netherlands
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The Prognostic Value of MRI in Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Crit Care Med 2017; 45:e1280-e1288. [PMID: 29028764 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000002731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Traumatic brain injury is a major cause of death and disability, yet many predictors of outcome are not precise enough to guide initial clinical decision-making. Although increasingly used in the early phase following traumatic brain injury, the prognostic utility of MRI remains uncertain. We thus undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating the predictive value of acute MRI lesion patterns for discriminating clinical outcome in traumatic brain injury. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS, and CENTRAL from inception to November 2015. STUDY SELECTION Studies of adults who had MRI in the acute phase following moderate or severe traumatic brain injury. Our primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and the Glasgow Outcome Scale. DATA EXTRACTION Two authors independently performed study selection and data extraction. We calculated pooled effect estimates with a random effects model, evaluated the risk of bias using a modified version of Quality in Prognostic Studies and determined the strength of evidence with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. DATA SYNTHESIS We included 58 eligible studies, of which 27 (n = 1,652) contributed data to meta-analysis. Brainstem lesions were associated with all-cause mortality (risk ratio, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.01-3.15; I = 43%) and unfavorable Glasgow Outcome Scale (risk ratio, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.72-3.58; I = 81%) at greater than or equal to 6 months. Diffuse axonal injury patterns were associated with an increased risk of unfavorable Glasgow Outcome Scale (risk ratio, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.06-5.69; I = 74%). MRI scores based on lesion depth demonstrated increasing risk of unfavorable neurologic outcome as more caudal structures were affected. Most studies were at high risk of methodological bias. CONCLUSIONS MRI following traumatic brain injury yields important prognostic information, with several lesion patterns significantly associated with long-term survival and neurologic outcome. Given the high risk of bias in the current body of literature, large well-controlled studies are necessary to better quantify the prognostic role of early MRI in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury.
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The association between microhaemorrhages and post - traumatic functional outcome in the chronic phase after mild traumatic brain injury. Neuroradiology 2017; 59:963-969. [PMID: 28785801 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-017-1898-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the chronic phase after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), microhaemorrhages are frequently detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It is however unclear whether microhaemorrhages are associated with functional outcome and which MRI sequence is most appropriate to address this association. We aimed to determine the association between microhaemorrhages and functional outcome in the chronic posttraumatic phase after injury with the most suitable MRI sequence to address this association. METHODS One hundred twenty-seven patients classified with mTBI admitted to the outpatient clinic from 2008 to 2015 for persisting posttraumatic complaints were stratified according to the presence of MRI abnormalities (n = 63 (MRI+ group) and n = 64 without abnormalities (MRI- group)). For the detection of microhaemorrhages, susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) and T2* gradient recalled echo (T2*GRE) were used. The relation between the functional outcome (dichotomized Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended scores) and the number and localization of microhaemorrhages was analysed using binary logistic regression. RESULTS SWI detected twice as many microhaemorrhages compared to T2*GRE: 341 vs. 179. Lesions were predominantly present in the frontal and temporal lobes. Unfavourable outcome was present in 67% of the MRI+ group with a significant association of total number of microhaemorrhages in the temporal cortical area on SWI (OR 0.43 (0.21-0.90) p = 0.02), with an explained variance of 44%. The number of microhaemorrhages was not correlated with the number of posttraumatic complaints. CONCLUSION An unfavourable outcome in the chronic posttraumatic phase is associated with the presence and number of microhaemorrhages in the temporal cortical area. SWI is preferably used to detect these microhaemorrhages.
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Cicuendez M, Castaño-León A, Ramos A, Hilario A, Gómez PA, Lagares A. [Magnetic resonance in traumatic brain injury: A comparative study of the different conventional magnetic resonance imaging sequences and their diagnostic value in diffuse axonal injury]. Neurocirugia (Astur) 2017; 28:266-275. [PMID: 28728755 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucir.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the identification capability of traumatic axonal injury (TAI) by different sequences on conventional magnetic resonance (MR) studies in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retropectevely analyzed 264 TBI patients to whom a MR had been performed in the first 60 days after trauma. All clinical variables related to prognosis were registered, as well as the data from the initial computed tomography. The MR imaging protocol consisted of a 3-plane localizer sequence T1-weighted and T2-weighted fast spin-echo, FLAIR and gradient-echo images (GRET2*). TAI lesions were classified according to Gentry and Firsching classifications. We calculated weighted kappa coefficients and the area under the ROC curve for each MR sequence. A multivariable analyses was performed to correlate MR findings in each sequence with the final outcome of the patients. RESULTS TAI lesions were adequately visualized on T2, FLAIR and GRET2* sequences in more than 80% of the studies. Subcortical TAI lesions were well on FLAIR and GRET2* sequences visualized hemorrhagic TAI lesions. We saw that these MR sequences had a high inter-rater agreement for TAI diagnosis (0.8). T2 sequence presented the highest value on ROC curve in Gentry (0.68, 95%CI: 0.61-0.76, p<0.001, Nagerlkerke-R2 0.26) and Firsching classifications (0.64, 95%CI 0.57-0.72, p<0.001, Nagerlkerke-R2 0.19), followed by FLAIR and GRET2* sequences. Both classifications determined by each of these sequences were associated with poor outcome after performing a multivariable analyses adjusted for prognostic factors (p<0.02). CONCLUSIONS We recommend to perform conventional MR study in subacute phase including T2, FLAIR and GRET2* sequences for visualize TAI lesions. These MR findings added prognostic information in TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cicuendez
- Departamento de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España.
| | - Ana Castaño-León
- Departamento de Neurocirugía, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - Ana Ramos
- Departamento de Neurorradiología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaya Hilario
- Departamento de Neurorradiología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro A Gómez
- Departamento de Neurocirugía, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - Alfonso Lagares
- Departamento de Neurocirugía, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
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Toth A, Kornyei B, Kovacs N, Rostas T, Buki A, Doczi T, Bogner P, Schwarcz A. Both hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic traumatic MRI lesions are associated with the microstructural damage of the normal appearing white matter. Behav Brain Res 2017; 340:106-116. [PMID: 28249729 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic microbleeds (TMBs) and non-hemorrhagic lesions (NHLs) on MRI are regarded as surrogate markers of diffuse axonal injury. However, the actual relation between lesional and diffuse pathology remained unclear, since lesions were related to clinical parameters, largely influenced by extracranial factors. The aim of this study is to directly compare TMBs, NHLs and their regional features with the co-existing diffuse injury of the normal appearing white matter (NAWM) as measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Thirty-eight adults with a closed traumatic brain injury (12 mild, 4 moderate and 22 severe) who underwent susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), T1-, T2 weighted and FLAIR MRI and routine CT were included in the study. TMB (on SWI) and NHL (on T1-, T2 weighted and FLAIR images) features and Rotterdam scores were evaluated. DTI metrics such as fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were measured over different NAWM regions. Clinical parameters including age; Glasgow Coma Scale; Rotterdam score; TMB and NHL features were correlated to regional NAWM diffusivity using multiple regression. Overall NHL presence and basal ganglia area TMB load were significantly, negatively correlated with the subcortical NAWM FA values (partial r=-0.37 and -0.36; p=0.006 and 0.025, respectively). The presence of any NHL, or TMBs located in the basal ganglia area indicates diffuse NAWM damage even after adjusting for clinical and CT parameters. To estimate DAI, a conventional lesional MRI pathology evaluation might at least in part substitute the use of quantitative DTI, which is yet not widely feasible in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Toth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pécs Medical School, Rét. u. 2, H-7623 Pécs, Hungary; Department of Radiology, Pécs Medical School, Ifjusag str. 13, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Balint Kornyei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pécs Medical School, Rét. u. 2, H-7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Noemi Kovacs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pécs Medical School, Rét. u. 2, H-7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamas Rostas
- Department of Radiology, Pécs Medical School, Ifjusag str. 13, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andras Buki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pécs Medical School, Rét. u. 2, H-7623 Pécs, Hungary; MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Hungary
| | - Tamas Doczi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pécs Medical School, Rét. u. 2, H-7623 Pécs, Hungary; Diagnostic Center of Pécs, Rét. u. 2, H-7623 Pécs, Hungary; MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Hungary
| | - Peter Bogner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pécs Medical School, Rét. u. 2, H-7623 Pécs, Hungary; Department of Radiology, Pécs Medical School, Ifjusag str. 13, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Schwarcz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pécs Medical School, Rét. u. 2, H-7623 Pécs, Hungary; MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Hungary
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Rose SC, Schaffer CE, Young JA, McNally KA, Fischer AN, Heyer GL. Utilization of conventional neuroimaging following youth concussion. Brain Inj 2017; 31:260-266. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2016.1235285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean C. Rose
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Julie A. Young
- Division of Sports Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kelly A. McNally
- Division of Pediatric Psychology and Neuropsychology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Geoffrey L. Heyer
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Cicuendez M, Castaño-León A, Ramos A, Hilario A, Gómez PA, Lagares A. Prognostic value of corpus callosum injuries in severe head trauma. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2017; 159:25-32. [PMID: 27796652 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-016-3000-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was performed to investigate the relationship between corpus callosum (CC) injury and prognosis in traumatic axonal injury (TAI). METHOD We retrospectively reviewed 264 patients with severe head trauma who underwent a conventional MR imaging in the first 60 days after injury. They were selected from a prospectively collected database of 1048 patients with severe head trauma admitted in our hospital. TAI lesions were defined as areas of increased signal intensity on T2 and FLAIR or areas of decreased signal on gradient-echo T2. We attempted to determine whether any MR imaging findings of TAI lesions at CC could be related to prognosis. Neurological impairment was assessed at 1 year after injury by means of GOS-E (good outcome being GOS-E 4/5 and bad outcome being GOS-E <4). We adjusted the multivariable analysis for the prognostic factors according to the IMPACT studies: the Core model (age, motor score at admission, and pupillary reactivity) and the Extended model (including CT information and second insults). RESULTS We found 97 patients (37 %) with TAI at CC and 167 patients (63 %) without CC lesions at MR. A total of 62 % of the patients with CC lesions had poor outcome, whereas 38 % showed good prognosis. The presence of TAI lesions at the corpus callosum was associated with poor outcome 1 year after brain trauma (p < 0.001, OR 3.8, 95 % CI: 2.04-7.06). The volume of CC lesions measured on T2 and FLAIR sequences was negatively correlated with the GOS-E after adjustment for independent prognostic factors (p = 0.01, OR 2.23, 95 % CI:1.17-4.26). Also the presence of lesions at splenium was statistically related to worse prognosis (p = 0.002, OR 8.1, 95 % CI: 2.2-29.82). We did not find statistical significance in outcome between hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic CC lesions. CONCLUSIONS The presence of CC is associated with a poor outcome. The total volume of the CC lesion is an independent prognostic factor for poor outcome in severe head trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cicuendez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ana Castaño-León
- Department of Neurosurgery, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramos
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaya Hilario
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro A Gómez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Lagares
- Department of Neurosurgery, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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McAllister TW. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. FOCUS: JOURNAL OF LIFE LONG LEARNING IN PSYCHIATRY 2016; 14:410-421. [PMID: 31975821 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20160025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) is a significant public health problem worldwide. Injured individuals have an increased relative risk of developing a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions associated with the profile of brain regions typically affected in TBI. Within a neurobiopsychosocial framework, this article reviews what is known about the neuropsychiatric sequelae of MTBI, with an emphasis on recent advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W McAllister
- Dr. McAllister is with the Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (e-mail: )
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42
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Gatto R, Chauhan M, Chauhan N. Anti-edema effects of rhEpo in experimental traumatic brain injury. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2016; 33:927-41. [PMID: 26484701 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-150577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of disability and death which begins with the formation of edema as the persistent primary causative factor in TBI. Although medical management of cerebral edema by hypothermia, ventriculostomy, mannitol or hypertonic saline have been effective in treating edema, many of these therapies end up with some neurologic deficits, necessitating novel treatment options for treating post-TBI edema. This study investigated edema reducing effects of recombinant human Erythropoietin (rhEPO) in reducing acute brain edema in the CCI mouse model of TBI. METHODS Anti-edema effects of rhEpo in reducing acute brain edema after injury in the CCI mouse model of TBI were assessed by T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (T2wMRI) as the accurate detector of brain edema in correlation with Western blot analysis of cerebral aquaporin 4 (AQP4) index as the critical marker of edema. RESULTS Results show that rhEpo treatment significantly reduced brain edema with concomitant reduction in AQP4 immunoexpression in the CCI mouse model of TBI. CONCLUSION Current results emphasize clinical utility of rhEpo in treating post-TBI edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Gatto
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Neelima Chauhan
- Neuroscience Research, R&D, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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43
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Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Traumatic Brain Injury: Why, When, and How? Top Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 24:225-39. [PMID: 26502305 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0000000000000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and angiography (MRA) provide invaluable information in the evaluation of patients with all stages and grades of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The information obtained with MRI provides a more complete assessment of the patient's brain injury and possible long-term sequelae.
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Abu Hamdeh S, Marklund N, Lannsjö M, Howells T, Raininko R, Wikström J, Enblad P. Extended Anatomical Grading in Diffuse Axonal Injury Using MRI: Hemorrhagic Lesions in the Substantia Nigra and Mesencephalic Tegmentum Indicate Poor Long-Term Outcome. J Neurotrauma 2016; 34:341-352. [PMID: 27356857 PMCID: PMC5220564 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical outcome after traumatic diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is difficult to predict. In this study, three magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences were used to quantify the anatomical distribution of lesions, to grade DAI according to the Adams grading system, and to evaluate the value of lesion localization in combination with clinical prognostic factors to improve outcome prediction. Thirty patients (mean 31.2 years ±14.3 standard deviation) with severe DAI (Glasgow Motor Score [GMS] <6) examined with MRI within 1 week post-injury were included. Diffusion-weighted (DW), T2*-weighted gradient echo and susceptibility-weighted (SWI) sequences were used. Extended Glasgow outcome score was assessed after 6 months. Number of DW lesions in the thalamus, basal ganglia, and internal capsule and number of SWI lesions in the mesencephalon correlated significantly with outcome in univariate analysis. Age, GMS at admission, GMS at discharge, and low proportion of good monitoring time with cerebral perfusion pressure <60 mm Hg correlated significantly with outcome in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed an independent relation with poor outcome for age (p = 0.005) and lesions in the mesencephalic region corresponding to substantia nigra and tegmentum on SWI (p = 0.008). We conclude that higher age and lesions in substantia nigra and mesencephalic tegmentum indicate poor long-term outcome in DAI. We propose an extended MRI classification system based on four stages (stage I—hemispheric lesions, stage II—corpus callosum lesions, stage III—brainstem lesions, and stage IV—substantia nigra or mesencephalic tegmentum lesions); all are subdivided by age (≥/<30 years).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Abu Hamdeh
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niklas Marklund
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marianne Lannsjö
- 2 Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation Medicine, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden .,3 Center of Research and Development, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg , Gävle Hospital, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Tim Howells
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Raili Raininko
- 4 Department of Radiology, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Wikström
- 4 Department of Radiology, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Enblad
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
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Shibahashi K, Doi T, Tanaka S, Hoda H, Chikuda H, Sawada Y, Takasu Y, Chiba K, Nozaki T, Hamabe Y, Ogata T. The Serum Phosphorylated Neurofilament Heavy Subunit as a Predictive Marker for Outcome in Adult Patients after Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2016; 33:1826-1833. [PMID: 27098610 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2015.4237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The serum phosphorylated neurofilament heavy subunit (pNF-H) is a nervous system-specific protein that is released from damaged neural tissue after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of this study was to elucidate the usefulness of serum pNF-H as a predictive marker for the outcome of patients after TBI. Patients with TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13 or less on admission) were included. Patients who were younger than age 18, dependent on others for daily activities before injury, pregnant, or who were not likely to survive for more than 24 h after injury were excluded. The outcome was assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale at 6 months after injury. Blood was collected from subjects (n = 32), and the serum pNF-H value was assessed at 24 and 72 h after TBI. The optimal cutoff value and usefulness of the serum pNF-H value for predicting the long-term outcome were investigated. We found that the serum pNF-H value at 24 h after injury was a good predictive marker of death at 6 months (p < 0.001) after injury. The optimal cutoff value was 240 pg/mL, and the area under the curve in the receiver operating characteristic analysis was 0.930. The serum pNF-H value at 72 h after injury was correlated with an unfavorable outcome (vegetative state or death) at 6 months (p < 0.01) with a cutoff value of 80 pg/mL. Collectively, the results of this study indicate that the serum pNF-H value is a useful predictive marker for patient outcome after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Shibahashi
- 1 Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Doi
- 2 Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions, Research Institute , National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Saitama, Japan .,3 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- 3 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Hoda
- 1 Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Chikuda
- 1 Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sawada
- 2 Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions, Research Institute , National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuichi Takasu
- 1 Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Chiba
- 4 Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nozaki
- 5 Department of Neurological Surgery, Nippon Medical School , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hamabe
- 1 Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Ogata
- 2 Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions, Research Institute , National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Saitama, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R Fink
- Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
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47
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Haghbayan H, Boutin A, Laflamme M, Lauzier F, Shemilt M, Moore L, Zarychanski R, Fergusson D, Turgeon AF. The prognostic value of magnetic resonance imaging in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. Syst Rev 2016; 5:10. [PMID: 26791573 PMCID: PMC4719205 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-016-0184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a devastating condition with significant long-term mortality and morbidity. Despite current need for objective indicators to guide initial decision-making, few reliable acute phase prognostic factors have been identified. Early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been investigated as a prognostic tool, but uncertainty remains in both its discriminative predictive value and which acute phase lesion patterns correlate with long-term outcome. METHODS We will conduct a systematic review of observational cohort studies and randomized controlled trials of adult moderate or severe TBI patients who underwent MRI in the acute phase after trauma. A high sensitivity search strategy will be employed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS, and Cochrane CENTRAL to identify citations. Two reviewers will independently screen all identified references for eligibility and extract data into a standardized form. Data will be collected on study design, baseline demographics, trauma characteristics, magnetic resonance (MR) technical specifications, lesion patterns, and outcomes as related to acute MRI imaging. If meta-analysis is possible, quantitative data for each outcome will be pooled per type of lesion pattern using random effects models and expressed as Mantel-Haenszel relative risks in order to determine the prognostic value of lesions detected on acute MRI and their strength as discriminatory predictors of long-term outcome. Statistical heterogeneity will be evaluated with the I (2) statistics, and risk of bias and reporting quality will be assessed with standardized scales. Subgroup analyses are planned as a function of TBI severity, MRI-timing post-TBI, MRI field strength, MRI sequence, timing of outcome assessment, and risk of bias. DISCUSSION We expect significant clinical heterogeneity, as eligible studies will likely encompass different periods in evolving MRI technology in addition to significant variability of image sequence protocols and timing of acquisition between centers. Based on existing studies in TBI, we expect lesions detected in the brainstem to be of significant predictive value as MRI is particularly sensitive for imaging the brain's posterior fossa. Our systematic review will allow clinicians to more accurately interpret MRI in the context of determining prognosis for moderate and severe TBI patients and inform researchers in this domain to improve the methodology of future studies. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION Prospero CRD42015017074.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hourmazd Haghbayan
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit (Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Amélie Boutin
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit (Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Mathieu Laflamme
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit (Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - François Lauzier
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit (Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada. .,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Michèle Shemilt
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit (Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Lynne Moore
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit (Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada. .,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Ryan Zarychanski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology/Medical Oncology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,CancerCare Manitoba, Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Dean Fergusson
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Alexis F Turgeon
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit (Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada. .,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Linsenmaier U, Wirth S, Kanz KG, Geyer LL. Imaging minor head injury (MHI) in emergency radiology: MRI highlights additional intracranial findings after measurement of trauma biomarker S-100B in patients with normal CCT. Br J Radiol 2015; 89:20150827. [PMID: 26607648 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20150827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether MRI in emergency radiology can detect (a) additional trauma-related findings after minor head injury (MHI) or (b) structural, non-trauma-related intracranial lesions when trauma biomarker S-100B concentration is raised, or clinical symptoms are unexplained, or both. METHODS 41 patients with MHI were included. Concentrations of S-100B in serum were measured and categorized using an established cut-off at 0.1 μg l(-1). Intracerebral trauma-related as well as non-trauma-related chronic structural findings (atrophy, microangiopathy and chronic parenchymal defects) were assessed by cranial CT (CCT) and MRI by two independent radiologists (UL and LLG). All CCT and MRI results were compared with biomarker S-100B. RESULTS Compared with CCT, MRI detected 10 additional lesions. 5 patients had abnormal MRI with a total of 15 trauma-related lesions and showed elevated S-100B concentrations. Although sensitivity of S-100B was 100%, specificity was only 25%. Patients with structural brain lesions showed significantly higher S-100B serum levels (0.50 and 0.14 μg l(-1), p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Biomarker S-100B has proven its high negative-predictive value to rule out intracranial bleeding in patients after MHI even if MRI is used as imaging modality. Regarding the low specificity of S-100B, structural lesions of the brain parenchyma not related to the acute trauma may be associated with increased serum concentrations of protein S-100B. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Biomarker S-100B has a high negative-predictive value to rule out intracranial bleeding after MHI. Biomarker S-100B's low specificity may be associated with non-traumatic brain parenchyma lesions. MRI is superior to CCT in detecting subtle findings in neuroimaging after MHI. Biomarker S-100B can potentially reduce the large number of normal CCT studies after MHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Linsenmaier
- 1 Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, HELIOS Kliniken München WEST & München Perlach & Klinikum Augustinum München, Munich, Germany.,2 ESER, European Society of Emergency Radiology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Wirth
- 3 Department of Clinical Radiology, LMU University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Georg Kanz
- 4 Department of Trauma Surgery, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Lucas L Geyer
- 3 Department of Clinical Radiology, LMU University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Liu G, Ghimire P, Pang H, Wu G, Shi H. Improved sensitivity of 3.0 Tesla susceptibility-weighted imaging in detecting traumatic bleeds and its use in predicting outcomes in patients with mild traumatic brain injury. Acta Radiol 2015; 56:1256-63. [PMID: 25318746 DOI: 10.1177/0284185114552883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) for detecting intracranial bleeds (ICBs) in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) has not been directly compared to that of T2*-weighted gradient-recalled-echo imaging (T2*WI). Further, its prognostic value for MTBI patients remains unproven. PURPOSE To compare the sensitivity of ICB identification between SWI and T2*WI and examine the prognostic value of SWI for MTBI patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS T2*WI, SWI, and clinical information of 63 MTBI patients were collected. Sensitivity was compared between T2*WI and SWI for ICB identification, and statistical analysis was conducted to understand the correlations between SWI and clinical characteristics. RESULTS ICBs were detected in more patients (47 vs. 35, P < 0.001) and more ICBs were detected (276 vs. 147, P < 0.001) on SWI than T2*WI. On SWI, patients with conscious disturbance showed higher ICBs prevalence (84.6% vs. 58.3%, P = 0.020), and more patients from the post-concussive syndrome (PCS)(+) group than the PCS(-)group were ICBs positive (86.1% vs. 59.3%, P = 0.015). The numbers of ICBs were significantly higher in the PCS(+) group than the PCS(-) group (P < 0.001). Significant correlation was found between PCS and ICBs number (r = 0.510, P < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that ICB number was an independent variable predicting occurrence of PCS. CONCLUSION SWI is more sensitive than T2*WI in detecting hemorrhagic foci in MTBI patients and may offer valuable prognostic information regarding these patients, for example, information on PCS. Further, cerebral parenchymal hemorrhage may affect long-term outcomes in MTBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobing Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Prasanna Ghimire
- Department of Radiology, Nepalgunj Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Nepal
| | - Haopeng Pang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Guangyao Wu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hongcheng Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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Verma SK, Kan EM, Lu J, Ng KC, Ling EA, Seramani S, Kn BP, Wong YC, Tan MH, Velan SS. Multi-echo susceptibility-weighted imaging and histology of open-field blast-induced traumatic brain injury in a rat model. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:1069-1077. [PMID: 26152641 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Blast-induced traumatic brain injury is on the rise, predominantly as a result of the use of improvised explosive devices, resulting in undesirable neuropsychological dysfunctions, as demonstrated in both animals and humans. This study investigated the effect of open-field blast injury on the rat brain using multi-echo, susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI). Multi-echo SWI provided phase maps with better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), making it a sensitive technique for brain injury. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a survivable blast of 180 kPa. The visibility of blood vessels of varying sizes improved with multi-echo SWI. Reduced signal intensity from major vessels post-blast indicates increased deoxyhaemoglobin. Relative cerebral blood flow was computed from filtered phase SWI images using inferred changes in oxygen saturation from major blood vessels. Cerebral blood flow decreased significantly at day 3 and day 5 post-blast compared with that pre-blast. This was substantiated by the upregulation of β-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP), a marker of ischaemia, in the neuronal perikaya of the cerebral cortex, as observed by immunofluorescence, and in the cortical tissue by western blot analysis. Our findings indicate the presence of brain ischaemia in post-blast acute phase of injury with possible recovery subsequently. Our results from cerebrovascular imaging, histology and staining provide an insight into the ischaemic state of the brain post-blast and may be useful for prognosis and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Verma
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore
| | - Enci Mary Kan
- Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Lu
- Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kian Chye Ng
- Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore
| | - Eng Ang Ling
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sankar Seramani
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore
| | - Bhanu Prakash Kn
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore
| | - Yong Chiat Wong
- Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore
| | - Mui Hong Tan
- Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
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