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Xu ZX, Xu D, Fang F, Fan YJ, Wu B, Chen YF, Huang HE, Huang XH, Zhuang YH, Xu WH. Enhanced axon outgrowth of spinal motor neurons in co-culturing with dorsal root ganglions antagonizes the growth inhibitory environment. Regen Ther 2024; 25:68-76. [PMID: 38148872 PMCID: PMC10750115 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Forming a bridge made of functional axons to span the lesion is essential to reconstruct the motor circuitry following spinal cord injury (SCI). Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) axons are robust in axon growth and have been proved to facilitate the growth of cortical neurons in a process of axon-facilitated axon regeneration. However, whether DRG transplantation affects the axon outgrowth of spinal motor neurons (SMNs) that play crucial roles in motor circuitry remains unclear. Methods We investigated the axonal growth patterns of co-cultured DRGs and SMN aggregates (SMNAs) taking advantage of a well-designed 3D-printed in vitro system. Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPG) induced inhibitory matrix was introduced to imitate the inhibitory environment following SCI. Axonal lengths of DRG, SMNA or DRG & SMNA cultured on the permissive or CSPG induced inhibitory matrix were measured and compared. Results Our results indicated that under the guidance of full axonal connection generated from two opposing populations of DRGs, SMNA axons were growth-enhanced and elongated along the DRG axon bridge to distances that they could not otherwise reach. Quantitatively, the co-culture increased the SMNA axonal length by 32.1 %. Moreover, the CSPG matrix reduced the axonal length of DRGs and SMNAs by 46.2 % and 17.7 %, respectively. This inhibitory effect was antagonized by the co-culture of DRGs and SMNAs. Especially for SMNAs, they extended the axons across the CSPG-coating matrix, reached the lengths close to those of SMNAs cultured on the permissive matrix alone. Conclusions This study deepens our understanding of axon-facilitated reconstruction of the motor circuitry. Moreover, the results support SCI treatment utilizing the enhanced outgrowth of axons to restore functional connectivity in SCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xing Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Orthopedics, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ying-Juan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Bing Wu
- The Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yu-Fan Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hao-En Huang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xin-Hao Huang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yue-Hong Zhuang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wei-Hong Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Orthopedics, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Chen X, Liu Y, Stavrinou P, Stavrinou L, Hu W, Goldbrunner R, Zheng F, He H. Spinal cord injury: Olfactory ensheathing cell-based therapeutic strategies. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25283. [PMID: 38284859 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly disabling neurological disorder that is difficult to treat due to its complex pathophysiology and nerve regeneration difficulties. Hence, effective SCI treatments are necessary. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), glial cells derived from the olfactory bulb or mucosa, are ideal candidates for SCI treatment because of their neuroprotective and regenerative properties, ample supply, and convenience. In vitro, animal model, and human trial studies have reported discoveries on OEC transplantation; however, shortcomings have also been demonstrated. Recent studies have optimized various OEC transplantation strategies, including drug integration, biomaterials, and gene editing. This review aims to introduce OECs mechanisms in repairing SCI, summarize the research progress of OEC transplantation-optimized strategies, and provide novel research ideas for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yibin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Pantelis Stavrinou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Neurosurgery, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Lampis Stavrinou
- 2nd Department of Neurosurgery, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Weipeng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Roland Goldbrunner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Hefan He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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Gao X, Li S, Yang Y, Yang S, Yu B, Zhu Z, Ma T, Zheng Y, Wei B, Hao Y, Wu H, Zhang Y, Guo L, Gao X, Wei Y, Xue B, Li J, Feng X, Lu L, Xia B, Huang J. A Novel Magnetic Responsive miR-26a@SPIONs-OECs for Spinal Cord Injury: Triggering Neural Regeneration Program and Orienting Axon Guidance in Inhibitory Astrocytic Environment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304487. [PMID: 37789583 PMCID: PMC10646239 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Addressing the challenge of promoting directional axonal regeneration in a hostile astrocytic scar, which often impedes recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI), remains a daunting task. Cell transplantation is a promising strategy to facilitate nerve restoration in SCI. In this research, a pro-regeneration system is developed, namely miR-26a@SPIONs-OECs, for olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), a preferred choice for promoting nerve regeneration in SCI patients. These entities show high responsiveness to external magnetic fields (MF), leading to synergistic multimodal cues to enhance nerve regeneration. First, an MF stimulates miR-26a@SPIONs-OECs to release extracellular vesicles (EVs) rich in miR-26a. This encourages axon growth by inhibiting PTEN and GSK-3β signaling pathways in neurons. Second, miR-26a@SPIONs-OECs exhibit a tendency to migrate and orientate along the direction of the MF, thereby potentially facilitating neuronal reconnection through directional neurite elongation. Third, miR-26a-enriched EVs from miR-26a@SPIONs-OECs can interact with host astrocytes, thereby diminishing inhibitory cues for neurite growth. In a rat model of SCI, the miR-26a@SPIONs-OECs system led to significantly improved morphological and motor function recovery. In summary, the miR-26a@SPIONS-OECs pro-regeneration system offers innovative insights into engineering exogenous cells with multiple additional cues, augmenting their efficacy for stimulating and guiding nerve regeneration within a hostile astrocytic scar in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- Department of OrthopaedicsXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Shengyou Li
- Department of OrthopaedicsXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Yujie Yang
- Department of OrthopaedicsXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Shijie Yang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Beibei Yu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Zhu
- Department of OrthopaedicsXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of OrthopaedicsXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of OrthopaedicsXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Bin Wei
- Department of OrthopaedicsXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Yiming Hao
- Department of OrthopaedicsXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Haining Wu
- Department of OrthopaedicsXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Lingli Guo
- Department of OrthopaedicsXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Xueli Gao
- School of Ecology and EnvironmentNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072P. R. China
| | - Yitao Wei
- Department of OrthopaedicsXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Borui Xue
- Department of OrthopaedicsXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Cell BiologySchool of MedicineNorthwest UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Lei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Military StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesDepartment of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMDSchool of Stomatologythe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Bing Xia
- Department of OrthopaedicsXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Jinghui Huang
- Department of OrthopaedicsXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
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Zhang LP, Liao JX, Liu YY, Luo HL, Zhang WJ. Potential therapeutic effect of olfactory ensheathing cells in neurological diseases: neurodegenerative diseases and peripheral nerve injuries. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1280186. [PMID: 37915589 PMCID: PMC10616525 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1280186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases are destructive, mainly characterized by the failure of endogenous repair, the inability to recover tissue damage, resulting in the increasing loss of cognitive and physical function. Although some clinical drugs can alleviate the progression of these diseases, but they lack therapeutic effect in repairing tissue injury and rebuilding neurological function. More and more studies have shown that cell therapy has made good achievements in the application of nerve injury. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are a special type of glial cells, which have been proved to play an important role as an alternative therapy for neurological diseases, opening up a new way for the treatment of neurological problems. The functional mechanisms of OECs in the treatment of neurological diseases include neuroprotection, immune regulation, axon regeneration, improvement of nerve injury microenvironment and myelin regeneration, which also include secreted bioactive factors. Therefore, it is of great significance to better understand the mechanism of OECs promoting functional improvement, and to recognize the implementation of these treatments and the effective simulation of nerve injury disorders. In this review, we discuss the function of OECs and their application value in the treatment of neurological diseases, and position OECs as a potential candidate strategy for the treatment of nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-peng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- The Second Affiliated hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun-xiang Liao
- The Second Affiliated hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi-yi Liu
- The Second Affiliated hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hong-lang Luo
- The Second Affiliated hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wen-jun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Tseng YT, Lai R, Oieni F, Standke A, Smyth G, Yang C, Chen M, St John J, Ekberg J. Liraglutide modulates adhesion molecules and enhances cell properties in three-dimensional cultures of olfactory ensheathing cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115084. [PMID: 37399717 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell transplantation using olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) is a promising approach for nerve repair but there are numerous limitations with their delivery method. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems potentially offer a powerful approach for cell production and delivery options. To further optimise the use of OECs, strategies to promote cell viability and maintain cell behaviours in 3D cultures become important. We previously demonstrated an anti-diabetic drug, liraglutide, could modulate OEC migration and re-model extracellular matrix in two-dimensional (2D) cultures. In the present study, we further investigated its beneficial effects in our 3D culture system using primary OECs. OECs treated with liraglutide at 100 nM showed improved cell viability and had modulated expression of N-cadherin and β1-integrin (two important cell adhesion molecules). When formed into 3D spheroids, the pre-treated OECs generated spheroids with an increased volume and a decreased cell density compared to control spheroids. OECs that subsequently migrated out of the liraglutide pre-treated spheroids had higher capacity for migration with increased duration and length, which was attributed to a reduction in the pauses during the migration. Moreover, OECs that migrated out from liraglutide spheroids had a more bipolar morphology consistent with higher migratory capacity. In summary, liraglutide improved the viability of OECs, modulated cell adhesion molecules, and resulted in stable 3D cell constructs which conferred enhanced migratory capacity on the OECs. Overall, liraglutide may potentially improve the therapeutic use of OECs for neural repair by enhancing the generation of stable 3D constructs and increasing the migratory behaviour of OECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Tseng
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Richard Lai
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Francesca Oieni
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Andrea Standke
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Graham Smyth
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Chenying Yang
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Mo Chen
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - James St John
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - Jenny Ekberg
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
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6
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Liu JP, Wang JL, Hu BE, Zou FL, Wu CL, Shen J, Zhang WJ. Olfactory ensheathing cells and neuropathic pain. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1147242. [PMID: 37223000 PMCID: PMC10201020 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1147242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage to the nervous system can lead to functional impairment, including sensory and motor functions. Importantly, neuropathic pain (NPP) can be induced after nerve injury, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Therefore, the repair of nerve damage and the treatment of pain are particularly important. However, the current treatment of NPP is very weak, which promotes researchers to find new methods and directions for treatment. Recently, cell transplantation technology has received great attention and has become a hot spot for the treatment of nerve injury and pain. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are a kind of glial cells with the characteristics of lifelong survival in the nervous system and continuous division and renewal. They also secrete a variety of neurotrophic factors, bridge the fibers at both ends of the injured nerve, change the local injury microenvironment, and promote axon regeneration and other biological functions. Different studies have revealed that the transplantation of OECs can repair damaged nerves and exert analgesic effect. Some progress has been made in the effect of OECs transplantation in inhibiting NPP. Therefore, in this paper, we provided a comprehensive overview of the biology of OECs, described the possible pathogenesis of NPP. Moreover, we discussed on the therapeutic effect of OECs transplantation on central nervous system injury and NPP, and prospected some possible problems of OECs transplantation as pain treatment. To provide some valuable information for the treatment of pain by OECs transplantation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-peng Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jia-ling Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bai-er Hu
- Department of Physical Examination, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fei-long Zou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chang-lei Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wen-jun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Li S, Wu P, Ji Z, Zhang Y, Zhang P, He Y, Shen Y. In vitro biocompatibility study of EDC/NHS cross-linked silk fibroin scaffold with olfactory ensheathing cells. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023; 34:482-496. [PMID: 36285432 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2135076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigated silk fibroin (SF) cross-linked by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) and its biocompatibility with olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs). After cross-linked with different concentrations of EDC/NHS solutions, SF scaffolds were analyzed by different techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, x-ray diffraction, tensile machine and water contact angle assay. As to their structures, we found 4.5% EDC/NHS cross-linked SF possessed a more significant increase of β-sheet and a decrease of α-helix than 1.5% group. These changes helped SF achieve excellent mechanical properties. While more remarkable improvement of hydrophilicity was seen in 1.5% EDC/NHS treated SF. Immunofluorescence, MTT, Annexin-V/PI and ELISA analysis were then conducted to determine the states and functions of OECs on the scaffolds. OECs on 4.5% EDC/NHS cross-linked SF seemed insufficient to spread, and the proliferation was limited on 4 and 6 days. Moreover, 4.5% EDC/NHS exerted adverse effects on cell survival and nerve growth factor (NGF) secretion at day 4, but not 1.5% EDC/NHS. Taken together, SF scaffolds showed improved physical and hydrophilic properties through cross-linking. 1.5% EDC/NHS cross-linked SF scaffolds showed significant advantages between mechanical property and the states and functions with OECs, which has the potential to be used for neural repairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Second Department of Orthopaedics, Haining People's Hospital, Haining, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jingzhou, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongqing Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Yongding Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongqing He
- Second Department of Orthopaedics, Haining People's Hospital, Haining, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yixin Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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McCaughey-Chapman A, Connor B. Cell reprogramming for oligodendrocytes: A review of protocols and their applications to disease modeling and cell-based remyelination therapies. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:1000-1028. [PMID: 36749877 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are a type of glial cells that produce a lipid-rich membrane called myelin. Myelin assembles into a sheath and lines neuronal axons in the brain and spinal cord to insulate them. This not only increases the speed and efficiency of nerve signal transduction but also protects the axons from damage and degradation, which could trigger neuronal cell death. Demyelination, which is caused by a loss of myelin and oligodendrocytes, is a prominent feature of many neurological conditions, including Multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cord injuries (SCI), and leukodystrophies. Demyelination is followed by a time of remyelination mediated by the recruitment of endogenous oligodendrocyte precursor cells, their migration to the injury site, and differentiation into myelin-producing oligodendrocytes. Unfortunately, endogenous remyelination is not sufficient to overcome demyelination, which explains why there are to date no regenerative-based treatments for MS, SCI, or leukodystrophies. To better understand the role of oligodendrocytes and develop cell-based remyelination therapies, human oligodendrocytes have been derived from somatic cells using cell reprogramming. This review will detail the different cell reprogramming methods that have been developed to generate human oligodendrocytes and their applications to disease modeling and cell-based remyelination therapies. Recent developments in the field have seen the derivation of brain organoids from pluripotent stem cells, and protocols have been devised to incorporate oligodendrocytes within the organoids, which will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy McCaughey-Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bronwen Connor
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Stepanova OV, Fursa GA, Andretsova SS, Shishkina VS, Voronova AD, Chadin AV, Karsuntseva EK, Reshetov IV, Chekhonin VP. Prospects for the use of olfactory mucosa cells in bioprinting for the treatment of spinal cord injuries. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:322-331. [PMID: 36686356 PMCID: PMC9850961 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i2.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The review focuses on the most important areas of cell therapy for spinal cord injuries. Olfactory mucosa cells are promising for transplantation. Obtaining these cells is safe for patients. The use of olfactory mucosa cells is effective in restoring motor function due to the remyelination and regeneration of axons after spinal cord injuries. These cells express neurotrophic factors that play an important role in the functional recovery of nerve tissue after spinal cord injuries. In addition, it is possible to increase the content of neurotrophic factors, at the site of injury, exogenously by the direct injection of neurotrophic factors or their delivery using gene therapy. The advantages of olfactory mucosa cells, in combination with neurotrophic factors, open up wide possibilities for their application in three-dimensional and four-dimensional bioprinting technology treating spinal cord injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Vladislavovna Stepanova
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow 119034, Russia
- Department of Neurohumoral and Immunological Research, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow 121552, Russia
| | - Grigorii Andreevich Fursa
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow 119034, Russia
| | - Svetlana Sergeevna Andretsova
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow 119034, Russia
- Department of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Valentina Sergeevna Shishkina
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow 119034, Russia
| | - Anastasia Denisovna Voronova
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow 119034, Russia
| | - Andrey Viktorovich Chadin
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow 119034, Russia
| | | | | | - Vladimir Pavlovich Chekhonin
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow 119034, Russia
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnologу, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
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Designing a Clinical Trial with Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Transplantation-Based Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury: A Position Paper. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123153. [PMID: 36551909 PMCID: PMC9776288 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents an urgent unmet need for clinical reparative therapy due to its largely irreversible and devastating effects on patients, and the tremendous socioeconomic burden to the community. While different approaches are being explored, therapy to restore the lost function remains unavailable. Olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) transplantation is a promising approach in terms of feasibility, safety, and limited efficacy; however, high variability in reported clinical outcomes prevent its translation despite several clinical trials. The aims of this position paper are to present an in-depth analysis of previous OEC transplantation-based clinical trials, identify existing challenges and gaps, and finally propose strategies to improve standardization of OEC therapies. We have reviewed the study design and protocols of clinical trials using OEC transplantation for SCI repair to investigate how and why the outcomes show variability. With this knowledge and our experience as a team of biologists and clinicians with active experience in the field of OEC research, we provide recommendations regarding cell source, cell purity and characterisation, transplantation dosage and format, and rehabilitation. Ultimately, this position paper is intended to serve as a roadmap to design an effective clinical trial with OEC transplantation-based therapy for SCI repair.
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11
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Basu S, Choudhury IN, Lee JYP, Chacko A, Ekberg JAK, St John JA. Macrophages Treated with VEGF and PDGF Exert Paracrine Effects on Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Function. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152408. [PMID: 35954252 PMCID: PMC9368560 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial cell transplantation using olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) holds a promising approach for treating spinal cord injury (SCI). However, integration of OECs into the hostile acute secondary injury site requires interaction and response to macrophages. Immunomodulation of macrophages to reduce their impact on OECs may improve the functionality of OECs. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), known for their immunomodulatory and neuroprotective functions, have provided improved outcomes in SCI animal models. Thus, VEGF and PDGF modulation of the SCI microenvironment may be beneficial for OEC transplantation. In this in vitro study, the effect of VEGF and PDGF on macrophages in an inflammatory condition was tested. Combined VEGF + PDGF reduced translocation nuclear factor kappa B p65 in macrophages without altering pro-inflammatory cytokines. Further, the ability of OECs to phagocytose myelin debris was assessed using macrophage-conditioned medium. Conditioned medium from macrophages incubated with PDGF and combined VEGF + PDGF in inflammatory conditions promoted phagocytosis by OECs. The growth factor treated conditioned media also modulated the expression of genes associated with nerve repair and myelin expression in OECs. Overall, these results suggest that the use of growth factors together with OEC transplantation may be beneficial in SCI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souptik Basu
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4222, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Southport Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Indra N. Choudhury
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4222, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Southport Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Jia Yu Peppermint Lee
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Anu Chacko
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4222, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Southport Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Jenny A. K. Ekberg
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4222, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Southport Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - James A. St John
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4222, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Southport Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Correspondence:
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12
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Olfactory Ensheathing Cells Alleviate Facial Pain in Rats with Trigeminal Neuralgia by Inhibiting the Expression of P2X7 Receptor. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060706. [PMID: 35741592 PMCID: PMC9220883 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a common facial neuropathic pain that is mainly characterized by spontaneous or induced needling or electric shock pain in the innervation area of the trigeminal nerve. It is also referred to as “the cancer that never dies”. The olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) is a special glial cell in the nervous system that has a strong supportive function in nerve regeneration. Cell transplantation therapy is a useful treatment modality that we believe can be applied in TN management. In this study, OECs were transplanted into the ligation site of the infraorbital nerve of rats. We found that after the OEC transplantation, mechanical pain threshold in the face of the rats was significantly increased. Western blotting, immunofluorescence assay, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed on the trigeminal ganglia (TG) of model rats. The results revealed a decrease in the expression of P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) in the trigeminal ganglia. Our findings show that OEC transplantation has a good therapeutic effect on TN in rats, and that can reduce the expression of P2X7R in trigeminal ganglia. Therefore, we think that OEC transplantation may be a suitable treatment for TN.
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13
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Melrose J. Fractone Stem Cell Niche Components Provide Intuitive Clues in the Design of New Therapeutic Procedures/Biomatrices for Neural Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5148. [PMID: 35563536 PMCID: PMC9103880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to illustrate recent developments in neural repair utilizing hyaluronan as a carrier of olfactory bulb stem cells and in new bioscaffolds to promote neural repair. Hyaluronan interacts with brain hyalectan proteoglycans in protective structures around neurons in perineuronal nets, which also have roles in the synaptic plasticity and development of neuronal cognitive properties. Specialist stem cell niches termed fractones located in the sub-ventricular and sub-granular regions of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus migrate to the olfactory bulb, which acts as a reserve of neuroprogenitor cells in the adult brain. The extracellular matrix associated with the fractone stem cell niche contains hyaluronan, perlecan and laminin α5, which regulate the quiescent recycling of stem cells and also provide a means of escaping to undergo the proliferation and differentiation to a pluripotent migratory progenitor cell type that can participate in repair processes in neural tissues. Significant improvement in the repair of spinal cord injury and brain trauma has been reported using this approach. FGF-2 sequestered by perlecan in the neuroprogenitor niche environment aids in these processes. Therapeutic procedures have been developed using olfactory ensheathing stem cells and hyaluronan as a carrier to promote neural repair processes. Now that recombinant perlecan domain I and domain V are available, strategies may also be expected in the near future using these to further promote neural repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia;
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Northern, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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14
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Progression in translational research on spinal cord injury based on microenvironment imbalance. Bone Res 2022; 10:35. [PMID: 35396505 PMCID: PMC8993811 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to loss of motor and sensory function below the injury level and imposes a considerable burden on patients, families, and society. Repair of the injured spinal cord has been recognized as a global medical challenge for many years. Significant progress has been made in research on the pathological mechanism of spinal cord injury. In particular, with the development of gene regulation, cell sequencing, and cell tracing technologies, in-depth explorations of the SCI microenvironment have become more feasible. However, translational studies related to repair of the injured spinal cord have not yielded significant results. This review summarizes the latest research progress on two aspects of SCI pathology: intraneuronal microenvironment imbalance and regenerative microenvironment imbalance. We also review repair strategies for the injured spinal cord based on microenvironment imbalance, including medications, cell transplantation, exosomes, tissue engineering, cell reprogramming, and rehabilitation. The current state of translational research on SCI and future directions are also discussed. The development of a combined, precise, and multitemporal strategy for repairing the injured spinal cord is a potential future direction.
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15
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Mutepfa AR, Hardy JG, Adams CF. Electroactive Scaffolds to Improve Neural Stem Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:693438. [PMID: 35274106 PMCID: PMC8902299 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.693438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious condition caused by damage to the spinal cord through trauma or disease, often with permanent debilitating effects. Globally, the prevalence of SCI is estimated between 40 to 80 cases per million people per year. Patients with SCI can experience devastating health and socioeconomic consequences from paralysis, which is a loss of motor, sensory and autonomic nerve function below the level of the injury that often accompanies SCI. SCI carries a high mortality and increased risk of premature death due to secondary complications. The health, social and economic consequences of SCI are significant, and therefore elucidation of the complex molecular processes that occur in SCI and development of novel effective treatments is critical. Despite advances in medicine for the SCI patient such as surgery and anaesthesiology, imaging, rehabilitation and drug discovery, there have been no definitive findings toward complete functional neurologic recovery. However, the advent of neural stem cell therapy and the engineering of functionalized biomaterials to facilitate cell transplantation and promote regeneration of damaged spinal cord tissue presents a potential avenue to advance SCI research. This review will explore this emerging field and identify new lines of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthea R. Mutepfa
- Neural Tissue Engineering Keele, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
| | - John G. Hardy
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
- Materials Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: John G. Hardy
| | - Christopher F. Adams
- Neural Tissue Engineering Keele, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
- Christopher F. Adams
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Cell transplantation to repair the injured spinal cord. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 166:79-158. [PMID: 36424097 PMCID: PMC10008620 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wang XH, Tang XC, Li X, Qin JZ, Zhong WT, Wu P, Zhang F, Shen YX, Dai TT. Implantation of nanofibrous silk scaffolds seeded with bone marrow stromal cells promotes spinal cord regeneration (6686 words). ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 49:699-708. [PMID: 34882059 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2021.2013250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common pathology often resulting in permanent loss of sensory, motor, and autonomic function. Numerous studies in which stem cells have been transplanted in biomaterial scaffolds into animals have demonstrated their considerable potential for recovery from SCI. In the present study, a three-dimensional porous silk fibroin (SF) scaffold with a mean pore size of approximately 383 μm and nanofibrous structure was fabricated, the silk scaffold enabling the enhanced attachment and proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Investigation of its therapeutic potential was conducted by implantation of the nanofibrous SF scaffold seeded with BMSCs into a transected spinal cord model. Recovery of the damaged spinal cord was significantly improved after 2 months, compared with a non-nanofibrous scaffold, in combination with decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression and improved axonal regeneration at the site of injury. Furthermore, elevated Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scores indicated greatly improved hindlimb movement. Together, these results demonstrate that transplantation of neural scaffolds consisting of nanofibrous SF and BMSCs is an attractive strategy for the promotion of functional recovery following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of orthopedics, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Huai'an Fourth People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen-Tao Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xin Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting-Ting Dai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
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18
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Liu D, Bobrovskaya L, Zhou XF. Cell Therapy for Neurological Disorders: The Perspective of Promising Cells. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1142. [PMID: 34827135 PMCID: PMC8614777 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are big public health challenges that are afflicting hundreds of millions of people around the world. Although many conventional pharmacological therapies have been tested in patients, their therapeutic efficacies to alleviate their symptoms and slow down the course of the diseases are usually limited. Cell therapy has attracted the interest of many researchers in the last several decades and has brought new hope for treating neurological disorders. Moreover, numerous studies have shown promising results. However, none of the studies has led to a promising therapy for patients with neurological disorders, despite the ongoing and completed clinical trials. There are many factors that may affect the outcome of cell therapy for neurological disorders due to the complexity of the nervous system, especially cell types for transplantation and the specific disease for treatment. This paper provides a review of the various cell types from humans that may be clinically used for neurological disorders, based on their characteristics and current progress in related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (D.L.); (L.B.)
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19
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Shinozaki M, Nagoshi N, Nakamura M, Okano H. Mechanisms of Stem Cell Therapy in Spinal Cord Injuries. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102676. [PMID: 34685655 PMCID: PMC8534136 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year, 0.93 million people worldwide suffer from spinal cord injury (SCI) with irretrievable sequelae. Rehabilitation, currently the only available treatment, does not restore damaged tissues; therefore, the functional recovery of patients remains limited. The pathophysiology of spinal cord injuries is heterogeneous, implying that potential therapeutic targets differ depending on the time of injury onset, the degree of injury, or the spinal level of injury. In recent years, despite a significant number of clinical trials based on various types of stem cells, these aspects of injury have not been effectively considered, resulting in difficult outcomes of trials. In a specialty such as cancerology, precision medicine based on a patient’s characteristics has brought indisputable therapeutic advances. The objective of the present review is to promote the development of precision medicine in the field of SCI. Here, we first describe the multifaceted pathophysiology of SCI, with the temporal changes after injury, the characteristics of the chronic phase, and the subtypes of complete injury. We then detail the appropriate targets and related mechanisms of the different types of stem cell therapy for each pathological condition. Finally, we highlight the great potential of stem cell therapy in cervical SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munehisa Shinozaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
| | - Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
- Correspondence:
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Zamani H, Soufizomorrod M, Oraee-Yazdani S, Naviafar D, Akhlaghpasand M, Seddighi A, Soleimani M. Safety and feasibility of autologous olfactory ensheathing cell and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell co-transplantation in chronic human spinal cord injury: a clinical trial. Spinal Cord 2021; 60:63-70. [PMID: 34504283 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-021-00687-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN This is a phase I clinical trial. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to assess the safety and feasibility of autologous mucosal olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) co-transplantation in people with chronic, complete (American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) classification A) spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING This study was performed at Shohada Tajrish Hospital, Tehran, Iran. METHODS Three individuals with the traumatic SCI of the thoracic level were enrolled. They received the autologous OEC and MSC combination through the lumbar puncture. All adverse events and possible functional outcomes were documented performing pre- and post-operative general clinical examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), neurological assessment based on the International Standard of Neurological Classification for SCI, and functional evaluation using Spinal Cord Independence Measure version III (SCIM III). RESULTS No serious safety issue was recorded during the 2 years of follow-up. MRI findings remained unchanged with no neoplastic tissue formation. AIS improved from A to B in one of the participants. SCIM III evaluation also showed some degrees of progress in this participant's functional ability. The two other research participants had negligible or no improvement in their sensory scores without any changes in the AIS and SCIM III scores. No motor recovery was observed in any of the participants. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this 2-year trial was not associated with any adverse findings, which may suggest the safety of autologous OEC and bone marrow MSC combination for the treatment of human SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Zamani
- Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Soufizomorrod
- Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Oraee-Yazdani
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammadhosein Akhlaghpasand
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsoun Seddighi
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Characterisation of Neurospheres-Derived Cells from Human Olfactory Epithelium. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071690. [PMID: 34359860 PMCID: PMC8307784 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A major problem in psychiatric research is a deficit of relevant cell material of neuronal origin, especially in large quantities from living individuals. One of the promising options is cells from the olfactory neuroepithelium, which contains neuronal progenitors that ensure the regeneration of olfactory receptors. These cells are easy to obtain with nasal biopsies and it is possible to grow and cultivate them in vitro. In this work, we used RNAseq expression profiling and immunofluorescence microscopy to characterise neurospheres-derived cells (NDC), that simply and reliably grow from neurospheres (NS) obtained from nasal biopsies. We utilized differential expression analysis to explore the molecular changes that occur during transition from NS to NDC. We found that processes associated with neuronal and vascular cells are downregulated in NDC. A comparison with public transcriptomes revealed a depletion of neuronal and glial components in NDC. We also discovered that NDC have several metabolic features specific to neuronal progenitors treated with the fungicide maneb. Thus, while NDC retain some neuronal/glial identity, additional protocol alterations are needed to use NDC for mass sample collection in psychiatric research.
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22
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Tseng YT, Chen M, Lai R, Oieni F, Smyth G, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, St John J, Ekberg J. Liraglutide modulates olfactory ensheathing cell migration with activation of ERK and alteration of the extracellular matrix. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111819. [PMID: 34126351 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) is a promising approach for repairing the injured nervous system that has been extensively trialed for nervous system repair. However, the method still needs improvement and optimization. One avenue of improving outcomes is to stimulate OEC migration into the injury site. Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist used for management of diabetes and obesity. It has been shown to be neuroprotective and to promote cell migration, but whether it can stimulate glial cells remains unknown. In the current study, we investigated the effects of liraglutide on OEC migration and explored the involved mechanisms. We showed that liraglutide at low concentration (100 nM) overall promoted OEC migration over time. Liraglutide modulated the migratory behavior of OECs by reducing time in arrest, and promoted random rather than straight migration. Liraglutide also induced a morphological change of primary OECs towards a bipolar shape consistent with improved migration. We found that liraglutide activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which has key roles in cell migration; the timing of ERK activation correlated with stimulation of migration. Furthermore, liraglutide also modulated the extracellular matrix by upregulating laminin-1 and down-regulating collagen IV. In summary, we found that liraglutide can stimulate OEC migration and re-model the extracellular matrix to better promote cell migration, and possibly also to become more conducive for axonal regeneration. Thus, liraglutide may improve OEC transplantation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Tseng
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Mo Chen
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Richard Lai
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Francesca Oieni
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Graham Smyth
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | | | - James St John
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - Jenny Ekberg
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
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23
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Atiq Hassan, Nasir N, Muzammil K. Treatment Strategies to Promote Regeneration in Experimental Spinal Cord Injury Models. NEUROCHEM J+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712421010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Nazareth L, St John J, Murtaza M, Ekberg J. Phagocytosis by Peripheral Glia: Importance for Nervous System Functions and Implications in Injury and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:660259. [PMID: 33898462 PMCID: PMC8060502 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.660259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) has very limited capacity to regenerate after traumatic injury or disease. In contrast, the peripheral nervous system (PNS) has far greater capacity for regeneration. This difference can be partly attributed to variances in glial-mediated functions, such as axon guidance, structural support, secretion of growth factors and phagocytic activity. Due to their growth-promoting characteristic, transplantation of PNS glia has been trialed for neural repair. After peripheral nerve injuries, Schwann cells (SCs, the main PNS glia) phagocytose myelin debris and attract macrophages to the injury site to aid in debris clearance. One peripheral nerve, the olfactory nerve, is unique in that it continuously regenerates throughout life. The olfactory nerve glia, olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), are the primary phagocytes within this nerve, continuously clearing axonal debris arising from the normal regeneration of the nerve and after injury. In contrast to SCs, OECs do not appear to attract macrophages. SCs and OECs also respond to and phagocytose bacteria, a function likely critical for tackling microbial invasion of the CNS via peripheral nerves. However, phagocytosis is not always effective; inflammation, aging and/or genetic factors may contribute to compromised phagocytic activity. Here, we highlight the diverse roles of SCs and OECs with the focus on their phagocytic activity under physiological and pathological conditions. We also explore why understanding the contribution of peripheral glia phagocytosis may provide us with translational strategies for achieving axonal regeneration of the injured nervous system and potentially for the treatment of certain neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Nazareth
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - James St John
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Mariyam Murtaza
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Jenny Ekberg
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
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Shea GKH, Koljonen PA, Chan YS, Cheung KMC. Prospects of cell replacement therapy for the treatment of degenerative cervical myelopathy. Rev Neurosci 2020; 32:275-287. [PMID: 33661584 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) presents insidiously during middle-age with deterioration in neurological function. It accounts for the most common cause of non-traumatic spinal cord injury in developed countries and disease prevalence is expected to rise with the aging population. Whilst surgery can prevent further deterioration, biological therapies may be required to restore neurological function in advanced disease. Cell replacement therapy has been inordinately focused on treatment of traumatic spinal cord injury yet holds immense promise in DCM. We build upon this thesis by reviewing the pathophysiology of DCM as revealed by cadaveric and molecular studies. Loss of oligodendrocytes and neurons occurs via apoptosis. The tissue microenvironment in DCM prior to end-stage disease is distinct from that following acute trauma, and in many ways more favourable to receiving exogenous cells. We highlight clinical considerations for cell replacement in DCM such as selection of cell type, timing and method of delivery, as well as biological treatment adjuncts. Critically, disease models often fail to mimic features of human pathology. We discuss directions for translational research towards clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Ka Hon Shea
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul Aarne Koljonen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Shing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth Man Chee Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
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Yu F, Li P, Du S, Lui KW, Lin Y, Chen L, Ren Q, Wang J, Mei J, Xiao J, Zhu J. Olfactory ensheathing cells seeded decellularized scaffold promotes axonal regeneration in spinal cord injury rats. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:779-787. [PMID: 32720459 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord decellularized (DC) scaffolds can promote axonal regeneration and restore hindlimb motor function of spinal cord defect rats. However, scarring caused by damage to the astrocytes at the margin of injury can hinder axon regeneration. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) integrate and migrate with astrocytes at the site of spinal cord injury, providing a bridge for axons to penetrate the scars and grow into lesion cores. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether DC scaffolds carrying OECs could better promote axon growth. For these studies, DC scaffolds were cocultured with primary extracted and purified OECs. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy were used for verification of cells adhere and growth on the scaffold. Scaffolds with OECs were transplanted into rat spinal cord defects to evaluate axon regeneration and functional recovery of hind limbs. Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scoring was used to assess motor function recovery, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and NF200-stained tissue sections were used to evaluate axonal regeneration and astrological scar distribution. Our results indicated that spinal cord DC scaffolds have good histocompatibility and spatial structure, and can promote the proliferation of adherent OECs. In animal experiments, scaffolds carrying OECs have better axon regeneration promoting protein expression than the SCI model, and improve the proliferation and distribution of astrocytes at the site of injury. These results proved that the spinal cord DC scaffold with OECs can promote axon regeneration at the site of injury, providing a new basis for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzheng Yu
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shenghu Du
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - KoonHei W Lui
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yutian Lin
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lumin Chen
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qi Ren
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin Mei
- Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junyi Zhu
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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